=============================================== Darwin 8.0.1 Release Notes April 29, 2005 =============================================== The Darwin 8.0.1 Installation CD is based on the Darwin source release which corresponds to Mac OS X 10.3 (Darwin is the core of Mac OS X). Please visit for more information about Darwin, and for more information about Mac OS X. Table Of Contents ================= 1. Supported Hardware 2. Installation Instructions a. PowerPC-based Macintosh computers b. x86-based personal computers 3. Major Changes Since Darwin 7.0.1 4. Known Issues 5. Obtaining the Source Code 6. Additional Information 7. Licensing Information Supported Hardware ================== Darwin 8.0.1 should install and boot on all PowerPC-based Macintosh computers supported by Mac OS X 10.4. Additionally, Darwin 7.0.1 supports many x86-based personal computers: See for a community-maintained site that lists hardware that has been found to work. Installation Instructions ========================= Note: When preparing your system to install Darwin, it is a good idea to disconnect all hard drives other than the target disk. This is to prevent the accidental destruction of data on the wrong disk. Important: It is recommended that you install Darwin onto a partition that is at least 3.0GB in size. 0) Retrieve this CD image from one of the following URLs: For PowerPC: For x86: 1) The disk images are gzipped. Use 'gunzip' or double-click the icon in the Finder to extract the image. 2) Burn the CD image to CD. After downloading the CD image, you'll need to write that image to a CDROM. The installation image is a bootable HFS+ volume for PowerPC, and a ISO-9660 El-Torito disk image for x86. If you have an OS X system with a CD burner, you can burn the CD image using Disk Copy. Select Image->Burn Image from the menu bar. If you have a *BSD or Linux system with a CD burner, you can burn the CD image using cdrecord. See the cdrecord man page for information. Installation Instructions (PowerPC-based Macintosh computers) ============================================================= 3) Boot from the CD image Insert the CD image into the CDROM drive, and reboot. Hold down the 'c' key while rebooting to boot off the CD. When the machine boots off the CD, you will see a screen with a black background and white text. Much text will scroll by, and you will eventually be prompted for installation questions. 4) Select the disk to install onto. When the CD has finished booting, you will be prompted with the following question: The following devices are available for installation: 1. @ disk1 () Which device would you like to install Darwin onto? Enter the number (on the far left) of the device you'd like to install Darwin/PPC on. At this point you can also enter the word "shell" to enter an emergency shell. This should not be needed for normal installation. 5) Select the partition to install onto. After selecting the disk to install into, you must choose a partition. You will be prompted as follows: Which partition would you like to install into: 1) /dev/disk1s1 Apple_partition_map Apple 2) /dev/disk1s2 Apple_Driver_ATA Macintosh 3) /dev/disk1s3 Apple_Driver_ATA Macintosh 4) /dev/disk1s4 Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh 5) /dev/disk1s5 Apple_Patches Patch Partition 6) /dev/disk1s6 Apple_HFS untitled 7) /dev/disk1s7 Apple_HFS untitled 2 Your Choice: The choices are displayed in the form of #) You should choose the partition you want to install into. You should never choose partitions of type other than Apple_HFS unless you know what you're doing. 6) Do you want the partition erased or not? The install script will prompt you for whether you want to do a clean install or not. Answering "yes" will newfs_hfs the partition and begin installing Darwin/PPC. If you choose "no" here, the partition will not be newfs'd but the installer will begin extracting files over the top of whatever is on the disk. Doing a clean install is the recommended method. 7) Wait. The installer will copy Darwin/PPC packages onto the destination partition. 8) Setup. After installation, you will be prompted to enter a root password. You will also be prompted to enter a name for the computer (for Bonjour). 9) Reboot. When the install script is finished, it will give you the choice of rebooting or spawning a shell. Unless you have post-install things you wish to do, such as adding additional accounts, you should reboot the system and remove the install CD from the CDROM drive. 10) Login. After reboot your machine should be running Darwin/PPC, log in and enjoy! Installation Instructions (x86-based personal computers) ============================================================= 3) Boot from the CD image When booting off the CDROM, the first screen you'll see is a bootloader prompt. You should not need to enter any flags to the bootloader, so either press enter to continue, or wait 10 seconds and the boot process will continue automatically. 4) Select the disk to install onto. After the boot process continues, you will see diagnostic output from the kernel, and you will end up at an installation prompt. The installation prompt will list the devices it found to potentially install Darwin/x86 onto: The following devices are available for installation: 1. [ Vendor String ] @ /dev/disk0 (size) 2. [ Vendor String ] @ /dev/disk1 (size) Which device would you like to install Darwin onto? Enter the number (on the far left) of the device you'd like to install Darwin/x86 on. At this point you can also enter the word "shell" to enter an emergency shell. This should not be needed for normal installation. 5) Select the partition to install onto. After entering the disk you wish to install Darwin/x86 onto, the install script will give you the following prompt: 1) Auto-partition the disk (Destroys all disk contents) 2) Manually partition the disk using fdisk Choice: If your disk is already partitioned, you will get a third option: 3) Use existing partitions The first option (Auto-partition) will destroy the contents of the disk and create a single Apple HFS+ (journaled) filesystem partition. This is the preferred option. The second option (Manually partition) will run the Darwin/x86 fdisk utility. Use this only if you know which partition scheme you want. This option can also destroy all contents of the selected disk. If you choose this option, you must create an Apple HFS+ (journaled) partition of type 0xAF. The third option will let you install Darwin/x86 onto an already existing partition. Make sure you already have the partitions from option 2 set up. The install script will ask you which partition you would like to use for your root partition. All contents of that partition will be destroyed. 6) Wait. The installer will copy Darwin/x86 packages onto the destination partition. 7) Setup. After installation, you will be prompted to enter a root password. You will also be prompted to enter a name for the computer (for Bonjour). 8) Reboot. When the install script is finished, it will give you the choice of rebooting or spawning a shell. Unless you have post-install things you wish to do, such as adding additional accounts, you should reboot the system and remove the install CD from the CDROM drive. 8) Login. After reboot your machine should be running Darwin, log in and enjoy! Major Changes Since Darwin 7.0.1 ================================ * PowerPC 64-bit support. * Darwin/x86 installs onto and boots from an HFS+ (journaled) partition. * GCC-4.0 * Enhanced dlopen(3) API support. * Korn shell (ksh) included. * launchd, a dynamic system management daemon, replaces SystemStarter and init * And much more ... Known Issues ============ PowerPC-based Macintosh computers: * AirPort wireless cards are detected, but cannot be configured. x86-based personal computers: * IDE drives may not work on x86. Try it, if it doesn't work, it's a known problem. * Video cards must support VESA 2.0 framebuffer modes on x86. Try it, if your console looks weird, or doesn't appear, it's a known problem. Obtaining the Source Code ========================= The source code is available via the web at: or This Installation CD was created using the Darwin Build Scripts available at: Additional Information ====================== Comments and Questions can be directed to the 'darwinos-users@lists.apple.com' and 'darwin-development@lists.apple.com' mailing lists, to which one can subscribe to via the following URLs: You may also wish to subscribe to the 'hackers@opendarwin.org' mailing list at OpenDarwin, a community-driven project dedicated to enhancing Darwin. From the OpenDarwin web site : "OpenDarwin.org, jointly founded in April 2002 by Internet Software Consortium, Inc. (ISC) and Apple, is an attempt to take cooperative Darwin development to the next level. Membership in the OpenDarwin project and access to its works are open to everyone. The project is also fully independent, with control over its own web site, project news, bug tracking information and CVS repository, as well as any other services that the community owners may wish to provide. Neither Apple nor ISC take any responsibility for, or exercise any editorial control over, the OpenDarwin project." OpenDarwin also maintains a FAQ: Licensing Information ===================== IMPORTANT LICENSING INFORMATION: The Apple-developed portions of the Source Code and corresponding binary package folders are covered by the Apple Public Source License Version 2.0 that can be found on this CD in the file /APPLE_LICENSE.txt. The Apple binary drivers and kernel extension files are covered by a separate Apple Binary Driver Software License Agreement that can be found on this CD in the file /APPLE_DRIVER_LICENSE.txt. Other portions of Darwin may be covered by third party licenses. Please read these licenses carefully before using any of this software, as your use of this software signifies that you have read the licenses and that you accept and agree to their respective terms. Please see the file /Library/Documentation/Acknowledgements.rtf on this CD for more information. Please read all these licenses carefully before using any of this software, as your use of this software signifies that you have read the licenses and that you accept and agree to their respective terms.