2 1 Example: 2 chromosomes with 2 loci each and phase information 1 6 North n_ind0_a T n_ind0_b c n_ind1_a c n_ind1_b c n_ind2_a A n_ind2_b c 4 South s_ind0_a G s_ind0_b c s_ind1_a c s_ind1_b c