cent(i)-
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 hundred 一百: centigrade * centipede.  2 (in the metric system) one hundredth part of （十进制中的）百分之一: centimetre. =>App 11 见附录11.
I, i
/ aI; aI/ n (pl I's, i's / aIz; aIz/)  1 the ninth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第九个字母: `Idiot' begins with an I/`I'. ｀idiot＇一字以i字母开始.  2 (idm 习语) dot one's/the i's and cross one's/the t's => dot v.
I
/ aI; aI/ pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject of a v 用作动词的主体) person who is the speaker or writer 我（说话者或写作者称自己）: I think I'd like a bath. 我想洗个澡. * When he asked me to marry him I said yes. 他向我求婚, 我答应了. Cf 参看 me.
I
abbr 缩写 = Island(s); Isle(s): CI, ie (the) Channel Islands, eg in an address 海峡群岛（如用於地址中） * I (ie Isle) of Man, eg on a map 马恩岛（如地图上的标记）. Cf 参看 Is abbr 缩写.
I (also i) 
symb 符号 Roman numeral for 1 罗马数字的1.
i/c
/ 9aI 5si:; 9aI `si/ abbr 缩写 = in charge (of); in command (of) 负责; 主管; 指挥: (infml 口) Who's i/c ticket sales? 谁是负责卖票的?
quadr(i)-
comb form 构词成分  1 having four parts 有四部分的: quadrilateral * quadruped.  2 being one of four parts 四部分之一的: quadrant * quadruplet.
sept(i)-
comb form 构词成分 having or made up of seven of sth 有七个的; 由七个组成的: septuagenarian.
I'd
/ aId; aId/ contracted form 缩约式  1 I had => have.  2 I would => will1, would2.
I'll
/ aIl; aIl/ contracted form 缩约式 I will => will.
I'm
/ aIm; aIm/ contracted form 缩约式 I am => be.
I've
/ aIv; aIv/ contracted form 缩约式 I have => have.
-ial
suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) characteristic of 有...特性的: dictatorial * managerial* editorial. 
-ially 
(forming advs 用以构成副词): officially.
iambus
/ aI5AmbEs; aI`AmbEs/ n (pl ~es or -bi / -baI; -baI/) (also iamb / 5aIAm, 5aIAmb; `aI9Am, `aI9Amb/) metrical foot in poetry consisting of one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable 抑扬格（诗的韵步, 每一短音节或非重读音节接以一长音节或重读音节组成一步）.
iambic 
/ aI5AmbIk; aI`AmbIk/ adj of or using iambuses 抑扬格的; 用抑扬格的: iambic feet 抑扬格的音步, 如 I `saw three `ships come `sailing `by. iambics n [pl] lines of poetry in iambic metre 用抑扬格律写的诗句.
-ian (also -an) 
suff 後缀  1 (with proper ns formingns and adjs 与专有名词结合构成名词和形容词): Bostonian * Brazilian * Shakespearian * Libran.  2 (with ns ending in -ics forming ns 与-ics结尾的名词结合构成名词) specialist in 专长於...: optician * paediatrician.
-iana (also -ana) 
suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming uncountable ns 与专有名词结合构成不可数名词) collection of objects (esp publications), facts, anecdotes, etc relating to 涉及...方面的事实、 轶事、 物品（尤指出版物）的收藏品; ...集选; ...文献汇编: Victoriana * Mozartiana * Americana.
-iatrics
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) medical treatment of 对...的医疗: paediatrics. 
-iatric, -iatrical 
(forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatry.
-iatry
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) healing or medical treatment of 对...的治疗: psychiatry. 
-iatric 
(forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatrics.
IBA
/ 9aI bi: 5eI; 9aI bi `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Broadcasting Authority 独立广播局. Cf 参看 BBC, ITV.
ibex
/ 5aIbeks; `aIbZks/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作ibexes) type of mountain goat with long curved horns 巨角塔尔羊（角长而曲）.
ibidem
/ 5IbaIdem; I`baIdZm/ adv (Latin 拉) (abbr 缩写 ibid) in the same book, article, passage, etc (previously mentioned) 在同一书、 同一文章、 同一段落等之中（同上或同前）.
ibis
/ 5aIbIs; `aIbIs/ n wading bird like a heron with a long curved beak, found in warm climates 　（涉禽, 似鹭, 喙长而曲, 产於温带）.
-able, -ible
/ Ebl; Ebl/ suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) having or showing the quality of 具有或显示...性质或特点的: fashionable * comfortable.  2 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) (a) that may or must be 可以...的; 必须...的: eatable * payable * reducible. (b) apt to 有...倾向的: changeable * perishable. 
-ability, -ibility 
(forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词): profitability * reversibility. 
-ably, -ibly 
(forming advs 用以构成副词): noticeably * incredibly.
-ible
=> -able.
IBM
/ 9aI bi: 5em; 9aI bi `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = International Business Machines (a large computer company) 国际商用机器公司（一家大型计算机公司）: work for IBM 在国际商用机器公司工作.
-ic
/ -Ik; -Ik/ suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) of or concerning ...的;关於...的: poetic * scenic * Arabic.  2 (with vs ending in -y forming adjs 与以y结尾的动词结合构成形容词) that performs the specified action 表示该动词所指动作或行为的: horrific * specific. 
-ical
/ -Ikl; -Ikl/ (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): comical. 
-ically
/ -IklI; -IklI/ (forming advs 用以构成副词): economically.
-ical
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ic and -ical form adjectives from nouns *-ic和-ical型的形容词都是由名词派生的: scene/scenic; sociology/sociological. Some nouns form pairs of adjectives with both -ic and -ical which have different meanings 有些名词可派生出成对的有-ic和-ical这两种词尾的形容词, 但意义各异: history/historic (of great significance 指有重大意义的)/historical (belonging to history 属於历史的); economy/economic (concerned with the economy 有关经济的)/economical (not wasteful 不浪费的). Other examples are 其他例子有 comic/comical, politic/political, classic/classical, poetic/poetical. Sometimes the pairs are almost synonymous 有时这成对的形容词几乎同义: rhythmic/rhythmical. Note that the adverb is derived from the -ical form 注意副词是由-ical型派生的: comically, poetically, rhythmically, etc. 
ICBM
/ 9aI si: bi: 5em; 9aI si bi `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹. Cf 参看 IRBM, MRBM.
ice
/ aIs; aIs/ n  1 [U] (a) water frozen so that it has become solid 冰: pipes blocked by ice in winter 冬天因结冰堵塞的管子. (b) sheet or layer of this 冰层: Is the ice thick enough for skating? 这冰的厚度能禁得住在上边滑冰吗?  2 [C] (a) = water ice (water): Can I have a strawberry-ice? 给我一份草莓雪糕行吗? (b) portion of ice-cream 一份冰激凌: Two `choc-ices, please. 请来两份巧克力冰激凌.  3 (idm 习语) be skating on thin ice => skate1. ,break the `ice do or say sth to remove or reduce awkwardness or tension, esp at a first meeting or at the start of a party, etc 说或做某事以消除或缓解局促或紧张的气氛（尤指初次相会或聚会开始时）. ,cut no `ice (with sb) have little or no effect or influence; be unconvincing 无作用; 无影响; 不足以令人信服: His excuses cut no ice with me. 他的辩解不足以说服我. on `ice (a) (of wine, etc) kept cold by being surrounded by ice （指果酒）冰镇的. (b) (fig 比喻) in reserve for later use or consideration 留待後用; 留待考虑. (c) (of entertainment, etc) performed by skaters （指娱乐等）由滑冰者表演的, 冰上进行的: Cinderella on ice 在冰上演出的灰姑娘. (d) (infml 口) absolutely certain 绝对肯定; 有绝对把握: The deal's on ice. 这项交易绝无问题.
ice age 
period when much of the northern hemisphere was covered with glaciers 冰期; 冰川期; 冰河时代.
ice-axe (also esp US ice-ax) 
n axe used by mountaineersfor cutting steps and holds in ice 冰镐（登山运动员用的）. =>illus at axe 见axe插图.
ice-blue 
adj, n [U] (of a) very pale blue colour 淡蓝色（的）.
ice-bound 
adj surrounded by ice or unable to function because of ice 被冰封住的; 因冰封受阻而不能运作的: an ice-bound ship, harbour 冰封的船、 港口.
icebox 
n (a) box with ice in, used for keeping food cool; freezing compartment of a refrigerator （里面置冰以冷藏食物的）冰箱; （电冰箱中的）冷冻室. (b) (esp US) = refrigerator (refrigerate).
ice-breaker 
n strong ship designed to break a passage through ice 破冰船.
ice-cap 
n permanent covering of ice, esp in polar regions 冰冠（尤指极地的）.
ice-cold 
adj as cold as ice; very cold 冰冷的; 极冷的: an ,ice-cold `drink 一份冷饮.
ice-cream
/ 9aIs5kri:m; esp ?@ 5aIskri:m; `aIs9krim/ n [C, U] (portion of) frozen food made from sweetened and flavoured cream or custard 冰激凌: a/some strawberry ice-cream 一份[些]草莓冰激凌.
ice-cube 
n small cube of ice made in a mould in the refrigerator, for drinks, etc （在电冰箱中制备, 加於饮料中用的）小冰块.
ice dancing 
art or sport of dancing on ice-skates 冰上舞蹈.
ice-fall 
n very steep part of a glacier, like a frozen waterfall 冰川的陡峭部分（状如结成冰的瀑布）.
ice-field 
n large area of floating ice, esp in polar regions 冰原（浮於海面的大冰块, 尤指极地的）.
ice-floe 
n large sheet of floating ice （大块的）浮冰: In spring the ice-floes break up. 春天浮冰碎裂了.
ice-free 
adj (of a harbour) free from ice （指港口等）不冻的.
ice hockey (US hockey) 
form of hockey played on ice by two teams of skaters, using long sticks to hit a hard rubber disc 冰球运动.
ice lolly (US Popsicle) 
flavoured ice on a small stick 冰棍; 冰棒; 棒冰.
ice-pack 
n bag filled with ice, used medically to cool parts of the body, esp the head 冰袋（医疗上作局部降温用, 尤指敷於头部的）.
ice-pick 
n tool for breaking ice 碎冰锥.
ice-rink 
n specially prepared sheet of ice, often indoors, for skating, playing ice hockey, etc 冰场（供滑冰、 打冰球等用的, 常指室内的）.
ice-show 
n variety entertainment performed by skaters on an ice-rink 冰上表演.
ice-skate 
n boot fitted with a thin metal blade for skating on ice 冰鞋. =>illus at skate 见skate插图.  v [I] skate on ice 滑冰. 
ice-skating 
n [U].
ice-tray 
n small tray divided into sections for making ice-cubes （冰箱内用以制小冰块的）冰格.
ice-water 
n (esp US) water made very cold and used for drinking （供饮用的）冰水.
ice
/ aIs; aIs/ v  1 [Tn] make (esp a liquid) very cold 使（尤指液体）凉; 冰镇: iced water/beer 冰水[冰镇啤酒].  2 [Tn] cover (a cake) with sugar icing （在糕饼上）挂糖衣, 滚糖霜.  3 (phr v) ,ice (sth) `over/`up cover (sth) or become covered with ice 冰覆盖著（某物）; 结冰: The pond (was) iced over during the cold spell. 寒流期间池塘都封冻了. * The wings of the aircraft had iced up. 机翼上结了一层冰.
iceberg
/ 5aIsb\:g; `aIs9b[^/ n  1 huge mass of ice floating in the sea 冰山（海上飘浮的巨大冰块）. =>illus 见插图.  2 (fig 比喻) unemotional person 冷若冰霜的人.  3 (idm 习语) the tip of the iceberg => tip1.
ichneumon
/ Ik5nju:mEn; ?@ -5nu:-; Ik`numEn/ (also ichneumon-fly) n small insect that lays its eggs in or on the larva of another insect 姬蜂（小昆虫, 产卵於另一昆虫之蛹中或蛹上）.
ICI
/ 9aI si: 5aI; 9aI si `aI/ abbr 缩写 = Imperial Chemical Industries 帝国化学工业公司: work for ICI 在帝国化学工业公司工作.
icicle
/ 5aIsIkl; `aIsIkl/ n pointed piece of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water 冰柱, 冰锥, 冰溜（滴水凝成的冰条）.
icing
/ 5aIsIN; `aIsIN/ (US frosting) n [U] mixture of sugar,egg-white, flavouring, etc for covering and decorating cakes 用糖、 蛋白、 香料等混制的混合物（覆於糕饼上）: chocolate icing 巧克力糖衣.
icing sugar 
finely powdered sugar used esp for icing （制甜食用的）糖粉.
icon (also ikon)
/ 5aIkCn; `aIkBn/ n (in the Orthodox Church) painting, carving, etc of a holy person, itself regarded as sacred （东正教的）圣像.
iconoclast
/ aI5kCnEklAst; aI`kBnE9klAst/ n  1 person who attacks popular beliefs or established customs反对传统信仰或习俗的人.  2 (formerly) person who destroyed religious images （旧时）破坏宗教偶像的人. 
iconoclasm
/ aI5kCnEklzEm; aI`kBnE9klAzEm/ n [U]. 
iconoclastic
/ aI9kCnE5klstIk; aI9kBnE`klAstIk/ adj.
-ics
suff 後缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) science, art or activity of ...的学科、 艺术或活动: aesthetics * athletics * graphics * acrobatics * dramatics.
icy
/ 5aIsI; `aIsI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 very cold; as cold as ice 寒冷的; 冰冷的: icy winds 凛冽的风.  2 covered with ice 结满冰的; 冰封的: icy roads 冰霜覆盖的道路.  3 (fig 比喻) very cold and unfriendly in manner （态度）冷漠的, 冷冰冰的, 不友好的: an icy welcome, voice, stare 冷淡的欢迎、 声音、 凝视. 
icily
/ 5aIsIlI; `aIsIlI/ adv. 
iciness 
n [U].
id
/ Id; Id/ n (psychology 心) part of the mind relating to a person's unconscious instincts and impluses 伊德, 本我（指人的无意识的本能和冲动之源的那一部分精神）. Cf 参看 ego 1, super-ego.
ID
/ 9aI 5di:; `aI `di/ abbr 缩写 = (esp US) identification; identity: an ID card 身分证.
-ide
suff 後缀 (chemistry 化) (with ns 与名词结合) compound of a particular chemical element （某些化学元素的）化物: chloride * sulphide.
idea
/ aI5dIE; aI`dIE/ n  1 [C] plan, etc formed by thinking; thought 构想; 思想; 主意: He's full of good ideas. 他足智多谋. * That's an (ie a good) idea. 那是个（好）主意.  2 [U, sing] mental impression 印象; 感想: This book gives you some idea/a good idea of life in ancient Greece. 这本书可以使你对古希腊人的生活有一些认识[有深入的了解].  3 [C] opinion; belief 意见; 信念: He has some very strange ideas. 他有一些奇怪的想法.  4 [U, sing] vague notion or fancy; feeling that sth is likely 模糊的想法; 想像; 认为某事很有可能发生的感觉: He had no idea she was like that. 他万万没想到她是那样的. * Have you any idea what time it is? 你知道现在几点钟了吗? * I have an idea it's going to rain. 我看要下雨了.  5 the idea [sing] the aim or purpose 目的; 目标: The idea of the game is to get all your pieces to the other side of the board. 这个游戏的目标是要把所有的棋子全走到棋盘的另一边.  6 (used in exclamations to indicate that what has been suggested is stupid, shocking, etc 认为提出的事情愚蠢、 耸人听闻等而表示惊叹时用): The idea of it! 真糊涂! * What an idea! 这叫什麽主意呀!  7 (idm 习语) buck one's ideas up => buck2. get the i`dea understand 理解: Do you get the idea? 你明白了吗? get the idea that... form the impression that... 形成...的印象: Where did you get the idea that she doesn't like you? 你是从哪儿得来的这个印象, 说她不喜欢你呢? give sb ideas give sb expectations or hopes which may not be realized 使某人抱不切实际的希望: Don't give her ideas  you know how difficult it is to get into films. 别让她空抱希望吧--你知道跻身影界有多难哪. have no i`dea not know; be incompetent 不知道; 无能力: He has no idea how to manage people. 他根本不知道如何做人事工作. not have the first idea about sth know nothing at all about sth 对某事一无所知. one's idea of sth what one thinks of as representing sth 对某事物的看法. run away with the idea that... (infml 口) (often used in the negative imperative 常用於否定的祈使句中) be misled by or accept a false idea 误以为; 接受某错误的想法: Don't run away with the idea that this job is going to be easy. 别以为这工作是轻而易举的. the young idea => young.
ideal
/ aI5dIEl; aI`dIEl/ adj  1 satisfying one's idea of whatis perfect; most suitable 理想的; 完美的; 最合适的: idealweather for a holiday 度假的理想天气 * He's the ideal husband for her. 他是她理想的丈夫.  2 existing only in the imagination or as an idea; unrealistic and so not likely to be achieved 想像的; 空想的; 不切实际的: ideal plans for reform 不切实际的改革计画 * ideal happiness 想像的幸福 * in an ideal world 在理想的世界里.
ideal 
n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] person or thing regarded as perfect 完美的人或事物: She's looking for a job, but hasn't found her ideal yet. 她在找工作, 但还未找到最理想的.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] standard of perfection 完美境界的标准: He finds it hard to live up to his ideals. 他认为很难按自己的理想办事.
ideally
/ aI5dIElI; aI`dIElI/ adv: She's ideally suited to the job. 她最适合做这项工作. * Ideally, everyone would be given equal opportunities. 最理想的是, 人人都能有平等的机会.
idealize, idealise
/ aI5dIElaIz; aI`dIEl9aIz/ v [Tn] consider or represent (sb/sth) as perfect or ideal 将（某人[某事物]）理想化; 将（某人[某事物]）视为理想的; 作理想化的反映或描述: an idealized account of village life 对乡村生活作理想化的描述. 
idealization, idealisation
/ aI9dIElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; aI9dIElE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].
idealism
/ aI5dIElIzEm; aI`dIEl9IzEm/ n [U]  1 forming,pursuing or believing in ideals (ideal n 2), esp unrealistically理想主义（尤指不切实际地追求或信奉的理想）: Idealism has no place in modern politics. 在当代政治生活中, 理想主义根本行不通.  2 (esp in art and literature) imaginative treatment of objects or ideas in an ideal and often unrealistic way （尤指文艺方面的）观念主义（以理想的、 常为不现实的方法对待事物或思想）. Cf 参看 classicism, romanticism (romantic).  3 (philosophy 哲) belief that ideas are the only things that are real or about which we can know anything 唯心论; 观念论; 理念论. Cf 参看 realism.
idealist
/ aI5dIElIst; aI`dIElIst/ n person who has high ideals and tries (often in an unrealistic way) to achieve them 理想主义者; 空想家; 唯心论者. 
idealistic
/ 9aIdIE5lIstIk; aI9dIEl`IstIk/ adj. 
idealistically
/ 9aIdIE5lIstIklI; aI9dIEl`IstIklI/ adv.
identical
/ aI5dentIkl; aI`dZntIkl/ adj  1 the ~ [attrib 作定语] the same 同一的: This is the identical room we stayed in last year. 这是我们去年住过的（同一间）房间.  2 ~ (to/with sb/sth) similar in every detail; exactly alike 完全相同的; 一模一样的: They're wearing identical clothes. 他们穿著完全相同的衣服. * Their clothes are identical. 他们的衣服完全一样. * This picture is identical to one my mother has. 这张照片和我母亲的那张一模一样. 
identically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
identical twins 
twins born from a single egg andtherefore of the same sex and very similar in appearance同卵双生（同性双胎）（由一个受精卵发育而成, 性别相同, 外貌酷似）.
identify
/ aI5dentIfaI; aI`dZntE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing) 确认、 证明某人[某事物]; 鉴别出（系某人或某物）: Can you identify your umbrella among this lot? 你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗? * She identified the man as her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth consider sth to be identical with sth; equate two things 认为某事物与另事物等同: One cannot identify happiness with wealth. 幸福和财富不能混为一谈.  3 (phr v) identify (oneself) with sb/sth give support to sb/sth; be associated with sb/sth 支持某人[某事物]; 与某人[某事物]有关联: He refused to identify himself/become identified with the new political party. 他拒绝与那个新政党来往. identify with sb regard oneself as sharing the characteristics or fortunes of sb; take sb as a model 与某人认同; 以某人为模式: I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同.
identification
/ aI9dentIfI5keIFn; aI9dZntEfE`keFEn/ n [U]  1 (process of) identifying or being identified 验明; 鉴别: The identification of the accident victims took some time. 验明事故遇难者身分的工作费了不少时间.  2 (abbr 缩写 ID) means of proving who one is; official papers that do this 身分证明; 身分证明书: Can I see some identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗? i,dentifi`cation parade number of people, including one suspected of a crime, arranged in a row for viewing by witnesses who may be able to identify the suspect 供辨认嫌疑犯的一排人（其一为嫌疑犯, 供目击者辨认）.
Identikit
/ aI5dentIkIt; aI`dZntIkIt/ n (propr 专利名) set of pictures of different features that can be fitted together to form the face of a person (esp sb wanted by the police) with the help of descriptions given by people who have seen him 容貌拼具（一整套各种类型的口、 鼻、 眼等图片, 可根据亲眼见过的人之描述, 用以拼制出某人的面部像, 尤指警方欲寻找者）.
identity
/ aI5dentEtI; aI`dZntEtI/ n  1 [C, U] who or what sb/sth is 本身; 本体; 身分: There is no clue to the identity of the thief. 没有确定窃贼身分的线索. * The cheque will be cashed on proof of identity. 这张支票凭身分证件兑现. * This is a clear case of mistaken identity, eg when the wrong person is arrested by mistake. 这显然是个误认的案例（如捕错人）.  2 [U] (state of) exact likeness or sameness 相同（性）; 一致（性）.
identity card (also ID card / 9aI5di: kB:d; 9aI `di9kBrd/) 
identity disc card or disc, often with a photograph, carried or worn by sb to show who he is 身分卡, 身分证章（通常有相片, 供本人携带或佩带）.
ideogram
/ 5IdIEgrAm; `IdIE9^rAm/ (also ideograph / 5IdIEgrB:f; US -grf; `IdIE9^rAf/) n  1 symbol used in a writing system that represents the idea (rather than the sounds forming the name) of a thing, eg Chinese characters 表意文字（不表声）（如汉字）.  2 any sign or symbol for sth 表意的符号或标志: In this dictionary the ideogram <!> is used to mean `taboo'. 在本词典中, 用<!>符号表示避讳语. 
ideographic
/ 9IdIE5grfIk;9IdIE`^rAfIk/ adj.
ideology
/ 9aIdI5ClEdVI; 9aIdI`BlEdVI/ n [C, U] (set of) ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person 思想（体系）; 思想意识: Our ideologies differ. 我们的思想不同. * according to Marxist, bourgeois, monetarist, etc ideology 根据马克思主义的、 资产阶级的、 货币主义等的思想体系. 
ideological
/ 9aIdIE5lCdVIkl; 9aIdIE`lBdVIkl/ adj. 
ideologically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
idiocy
/ 5IdIEsI; `IdIEsI/ n  1 [U] (a) extreme stupidity 极端愚蠢: It's sheer idiocy to go climbing in such bad weather. 在这样恶劣的天气里去爬山简直是愚蠢到家了. (b) state of being an idiot; imbecility 白痴; 极度低能.  2 [C] extremely stupid act, remark, etc 极端愚蠢的行为、 言论等.
idiolect
/ 5IdIElekt; `IdIE9lZkt/ n (linguistics 语言) total amount of a language that any one person knows and uses 个人言语（个人所认识和使用的某语言的总汇）: Is the word `psychosis' part of your idiolect? 在你的个人言语中使用psychosis这个词吗?
idiom
/ 5IdIEm; `IdIEm/ n  1 [C] phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit 习语; 成语; 惯用语, 如 give way, a change of heart, be hard put to it: The English language has many idioms. 英语有很多惯用语.  2 [U] (a) language or dialect of a people or country某民族或某国家之语言或方言: the French idiom 法语. (b) use of language that is typical of or natural to speakers of a particular language （操某语言者典型的或自然的）语言用法. (c) use of language peculiar to a period or an individual （某时期或某人特有的）语言用法: Shakespeare's idiom 莎士比亚的语言风格.
idiomatic
/ 9IdIE5mAtIk; 9IdIE`mAtIk/ adj (a) in accordance with the particular nature or structure of a language, dialect, etc 符合某一语言或方言等的习惯或特点的: She speaks fluent and idiomatic French. 她说得一口又流利又地道的法语. (b) containing an idiom or idioms 含有习语的: an idiomatic expression, language 固定词组、 成语多的语言. 
idiomatically
/ -klI; klI/ adv.
idiosyncrasy
/ 9IdIE5sINkrEsI; 9IdIE`sINkrEsI/ n person's particular way of thinking, behaving, etc that is clearly different from that of others （个人独有的）习性、 癖好、 气质: One of her little idiosyncrasies is always washing in cold water. 她有个怪习惯, 就是洗什麽都爱用冷水. 
idiosyncratic
/ 9IdIEsIN5krAtIk; 9IdIosIN`krAtIk/ adj.
idiot
/ 5IdIEt; `IdIEt/ n  1 (infml 口) very foolish person; fool 蠢人; 笨蛋; 傻瓜: What an idiot I was to leave my suitcase on the train! 我真笨, 竟把手提箱落在火车上了!  2 person with very limited intelligence who cannot think or behave normally 白痴; 呆子: an idiot since birth 天生的白痴.
idiotic
/ 9IdI5CtIk; 9IdI`BtIk/ adj stupid 十分愚蠢的; 白痴般的: Don't be idiotic! 别那麽傻了! 
idiotically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
idle
/ 5aIdl; `aIdl/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) doing or having no work; not employed 闲散的; 不工作的或没有工作的: Many people were idle during the depression. 在那萧条时期, 很多人都无事可做. (b) not active or in use 闲置的: The factory machines lay idle during the workers' strike. 在工人罢工期间, 工厂的机器都闲置著.  2 (of time) not spent in doing sth （指时间）空闲的: We spent many idle hours just sitting in the sun. 我们在太阳地里呆呆坐了好几个钟头.  3 (of people) avoiding work; lazy （指人）无所事事的, 懒散的, 懒惰的: an idle, useless student 懒散、 不成器的学生.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] worthless or having no special purpose or effect; useless 无价值的; 徒然的; 无效的; 无用的: an idle threat/promise 说说而已的恐吓[允诺] * idle curiosity/gossip/speculation 无聊的好奇[闲言碎语/胡思乱想] * It's idle to expect help from him. 指望他帮助只会是一场空.  5 (idm 习语) the devil makes work for idle hands => devil1.
idle 
v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (about) do nothing; waste time; be idle 无所事事; 浪费时光; 闲荡: Stop idling and help me clean up. 别游手好闲的, 来帮我打扫打扫吧.  2 [I] (of an engine) run slowly in neutral gear or without doing work （指发动机）挂空挡, 空转.  3 (phr v) idle sth away waste (time) 虚度（光阴）: idle away the hours watching TV 把时间浪费在看电视上. 
idler
/ 5aIdlE(r);`aIdlL/ n.
idleness 
n [U].
idly
/ 5aIdlI; `aIdlI/ adv.
idol
/ 5aIdl; `aIdl/ n  1 image of a god, often carved in stone, wood, etc and used as an object of worship 神像（常为石雕、 木刻等供顶礼膜拜用）.  2 person or thing that is greatly loved or admired 受崇拜与热爱的人或物: As an only child he was the idol of his parents. 他是独生子, 是父母的宠儿. * The Beatles were the pop idols of the 60's. 披头士乐队是六十年代人们崇拜的偶像.
idolater
/ aI5dClEtE(r); aI`dBlEtL/ (fem 阴性作 idolatress / aI5dClEtrIs; aI`dBlEtrIs/) n person who worships an idol or idols 偶像崇拜者.
idolatrous
/ aI5dClEtrEs; aI`dBlEtrEs/ adj (a) worshipping idols 崇拜偶像的. (b) of or like the worship of idols （似）偶像崇拜的: an idolatrous love of material wealth 对物质财富极度的爱慕. 
idolatrously
/ -lI; -lI/ adv.
idolatry
/ aI5dClEtrI; aI`dBlEtrI/ n [U] (a) worship of idols 偶像崇拜. (b) too much devotion or admiration 盲目崇拜: He supports his local team with a fervour that borders on idolatry. 他是本地队的球迷, 狂热得到了近乎盲目崇拜的程度了.
idolize, idolise
/ 5aIdElaIz; `aIdl9aIz/ v [Tn] (a) treat (sb/sth) as an idol 将（某人[某物]）当作偶像崇拜. (b) love or admire (sb/sth) very much 极度喜爱或仰慕（某人[某事物]）: idolize a pop group 十分喜爱某流行乐团.
idolization, idolisation
/ 9aIdElaI5zeIFn; 9aIdlaI`zeFEn/ n [U] idolizing or being idolized 偶像化; 奉为神圣; 盲目崇拜.
idyll
/ 5IdIl; ?@ 5aIdl; `aIdl/ n  1 short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp of country life 描述欢愉恬静情景的短诗或短文; （尤指）田园诗.  2 simple pleasant scene or event 轻松欢乐的情景或事情.
idyllic
/ I5dIlIk; ?@ aI5d-; aI`dIlIk/ adj like an idyll; peaceful and pleasant 田园诗般的; 田园风光的; 平和欢畅的: an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage 田园风光的环境、 恬静愉快的假日、 和谐美满的婚姻. 
idyllically
/-klI; -klI/ adv: idyllically happy 悠然自得.
ie
/ 9aI 5i:; 9aI `i/ abbr 缩写 = that is to say; in other words (Latin id est) 亦即, 也就是, 换言之（源自拉丁文id est）: Hot drinks, ie tea and coffee, are charged for separately. 热饮, 即茶和咖啡, 另计. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz.
-ie
=> -y.
if
/ If; If/ conj  1 on condition that; supposing 假如; 如果; 倘若; 要是. (a) (used with the present and present perfect tenses for highly predictable situations 与现在时态和现在完成时态连用表示预料到的情况): I'll only stay if you offer me more money. 假若你肯多给钱, 我就留下. * If you have finished eating you may leave the table. 你要是吃完了, 就可以离席了. * If (it is) necessary I will come at 6. 如有必要, 我6点钟来. * You can stay to dinner if you like. 你愿意的话, 可以留下一起吃饭. * If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home. 有人来电话, 就说我不在家. * (fml 文) If the patient should vomit, turn him over with his head to the side. 倘若病人要呕吐, 就帮他翻过身来, 头侧向一边. (b) (used with a past tense for imaginary situations 与过去时态连用表示假想的情况): If you learned to type you would easily find a job. 假使你学过打字, 就容易找工作了. * If he were here I could explain to him myself. 要是他在这里, 我就可以亲自向他解释了. * If I was a man they would have given me the job. 我要是男的, 这份工作就准给我了. * Would she tell us the truth if we asked her? 我们问她, 她会告诉我们实情麽? * If you liked (ie With your approval) I could ask my brother to look at your car. 你要同意的话, 我可以叫我弟弟来给你检查一下汽车. * They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train.他们要是赶上了早班火车, 现在都该到这儿了. * I wouldn't have believed it possible, if I hadn't seen it happen. 要不是亲眼目睹, 我决不会相信能有这种事. =>Usage at unless 用法见unless.  2 when(ever) 无论何时; 当: If metal gets hot it expands. 金属遇热则膨胀. * She glares at me if I go near her desk. 我一走近她的办公桌, 她就瞪我.  3 (used with will and would as the first part of a sentence when making a polite request 与will和would连用, 作复合句的前部, 用以提出请求显得客气): If you will sit down for a few moments (ie Please sit down and) I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了. * If you would care to leave your name, we'll get in touch as soon as possible. 请留下您的名字, 我们尽快和您联系.  4 (used after ask, know, find out, wonder, etc to introduce alternatives 用於ask、 know、 find out、 wonder等之後, 以引导含不同可能性的情况) whether 是否: Do you know if he's married? 他结婚没结婚, 你知道吗? * I wonder if I should wear a hat. 我不知道该不该戴帽子. * He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying. 他弄不清她是笑还是哭. * Listen to the tune  see if you can remember the words. 请听这曲子--看你能不能想得起歌词来.  5 (used after vs or adjs expressing feelings 用於表示情感的动词或形容词之後): I am sorry if I'm disturbing you. 很抱歉, 打搅您了. * I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret. 如予保密, 无任感激. * Do you mind if I switch the radio off? 我可以关掉收音机吗?  6 (also even if) (used when admitting that sth may be true or may happen 用於承认某事可能属实或可能发生) although 即使; 纵然; 虽然: If he said that, he didn't expect you to take it personally. 即使他是那样说的, 他也并不是针对你个人而言的. * Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱, 你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的.  7 (used before an adj to introduce a contrast 用於形容词之前, 以引导一对比情况) although also 虽然; 尽管: It was thoughtless if well-meaning. 用意虽好, 考虑欠周. * He's a real gentleman, if a little pompous at times. 他可是个正人君子, 虽然有时略显得傲慢了些.  8 (used to express surprise, astonishment, dismay, etc 用以表示意外、 惊奇、 沮丧等): If it isn't my old friend Bob Thomson  what a coincidence! 这不是我的老朋友鲍勃·汤姆森吗--真巧哇! * If that's not the best idea I've heard in a long time! 很久没听到过这麽好的意见了啊! * If he hasn't gone and got into trouble with the police! 他竟然跟警方惹上了麻烦!  9 (used before you think, ask, remember, etc to invite sb to listen to one's opinion 用於you think、 ask、 remember等之前, 请对方听自己的意见): If you ask me, she's too scared to do it. 依我说, 她是吓得不敢去做. * If you think about it, those children must be grown-up by now. 想想吧, 那些孩子现在一定都长大成人了. * If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals. 记得吗, 玛丽一向喜欢动物.  10 (idm 习语) ,if and `when (used to express uncertainty about a possible event in the future 用以表示怀疑将来的事能否发生): If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers to thank me. 倘若我们再有见面之时, 希望他不会忘记谢我. if ,I were `you; if ,I was/were in `your shoes/place (used to introduce a piece of advice to sb 用以引导出劝告某人的话): If I were you I'd start looking for another job. 我要是你, 就去另找工作了. * If I were in your shoes, he'd soon know what I thought of him. 若是我处在你的地位, 他很快就会知道我对他的看法了. if `anything (used to express a tentative opinion or after a negative statement to say that the opposite is true 用以表达无把握的看法, 或用於否定的话语之後, 表示所说的是反话) if anything definite can be said, this is it 若能稍有把握地说出来, 其实是这样: I'd say he was more like his father, if anything. 若非要说出像谁不可来, 我倒认为他略微像他父亲. * He's not thin  if anything he's rather on the plump side. 他可不瘦--按说还算有点胖呢. if `not (a) (used after if and a v in the present or present perfect tense 用於if +动词（现在时态或现在完成时态）之後) otherwise 要不; 不然: I'll go if you're going  if not I'd rather stay at home. 你去我就去, 否则我宁可待在家里. * If you've finished we can have a coffee  if not, you'd better keep working. 你要是完事了, 咱们可以喝杯咖啡--不然的话, 你最好接著干下去. (b) (used after a yes/no question to give a promise, warning, etc 用於yes/no疑问句之後, 表示许诺、 告诫等): Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you. 准备好了吗? 要不, 我就自己去了. if `only (a) (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time 用以表示对现时或未来的愿望): If only I were rich. 但愿我很富. * If only I could swim. 要是我会游泳该多好. * If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了. * If only it would stop raining. 真希望雨能停. * If only they would tell me what they've decided. 但愿他们能把决定告诉我. (b) (used to express a wish that past events had been different 用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望): If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好. * If only I had gone by taxi. 假若我是乘计程车去的就好了. only if (when used at the beginning of a sentence, making the v in the following clause precede its subject 用於句首, 後接从句主谓倒装) only on condition that 只要; 只有: Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教师的允许, 学生才可以进这间屋. * Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只要红灯一亮, 就表示有危及职工的险情.
if 
n (infml 口)  1 uncertainty 不确定的事; 无把握的事: If he wins  and it's a big if  he'll be the first Englishman to win for twenty years. 假使他赢了--是否能赢还是一大疑问--他将是二十年来第一个获胜的英国人.  2 (idm 习语) ,ifs and `buts reservations; arguments against sth 保留意见; 对某事物的辩解: Now I'm not having any ifs and buts  it's cold showers for everyone before breakfast tomorrow. 好了, 不要跟我讨价还价--明天早饭前大家都要用冷水淋浴.
if
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both if and whether are used in reporting questions which invite yes/no answers or offer a choice between alternatives *if和whether均用於间接疑问句, 要求回答yes/no或提供选择: (`Do you want a drink?') He asked whether/if we wanted a drink. （｀你们想喝点东西吗?＇）他问我们是否要喝点东西. *  He didn't know whether/if we should write or phone. 他不知道我们是写信好呢还是打电话好. Whether (NOT if) can be followed by an infinitive *whether後面可接不定式（if不可这样用）: I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on. 我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任. After a preposition whether must be used 在介词之後只能用whether: It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决於信是否来得及时. Whether is also used when the clause it begins is the subject of a sentence *whether还可用以引导主语从句: Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样. Whether (NOT if) can be immediately followed by `or not' *whether後面可直接用or not（if不可这样用）: I'll be happy whether or not I get the job (compare 试比较: I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not 我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴).
-ify (also -fy) 
suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词) make or become 使得; 变成: solidify * speechify.
igloo
/ 5Iglu:; `I^lu/ n (pl ~s) small dome-shaped housebuilt by Eskimos from blocks of hard snow as a temporaryshelter （爱斯基摩人用坚硬雪块砌成的临时栖身用的）拱形圆顶小屋.
igneous
/ 5IgnIEs; `I^nIEs/ adj (geology 地质) (of rocks) formed by molten matter (esp from volcanoes) that has become solid （指岩石）火成的（尤指火山喷出的）.
ignite
/ Ig5naIt; I^`naIt/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) catch fire （使某物）燃烧, 著火; 点火; 点燃: Petrol ignites very easily. 汽油易燃. * He struck a match and ignited the fuse. 他划了根火柴, 点著了导火索.
ignition
/ Ig5nIFn; I^`nIFEn/ n  1 [U] causing sth to catch fire 著火; 点火; 发火.  2 [C] electrical mechanism that ignites the mixture of explosive gases in a petrol engine （汽油发动机的）发火装置, 点火装置, 点火开关: switch/turn on the ignition 打开点火开关.
ignoble
/ Ig5nEUbl; I^`nobl/ adj not honourable in character or purpose; shameful 卑鄙的; 不光彩的; 可耻的: an ignoble person, action 卑鄙的人、 行为. 
ignobly
/-nEUblI; -`noblI/ adv.
ignominy
/ 5IgnEmInI; `I^nE9mInI/ [U] (esp public) shame or humiliation; disgrace （尤指公开的）耻辱, 污辱, 不名誉, 不体面, 丑行: the ignominy of defeat 战败的耻辱.
ignominious
/ 9IgnE5mInIEs; 9I^nE`mInIEs/ adj shameful or humiliating; causing disgrace 耻辱的; 屈辱的; 丢脸的: an ignominious defeat 可耻的失败. 
ignominiously 
adv.
ignoramus
/ 9IgnE5reImEs; 9I^nE`remEs/ n (pl ~es /-sIz; -sIz/) ignorant person 无知的人.
ignorance
/ 5IgnErEns; `I^nErEns/ n [U] ~ (of sth) lack of knowledge or information (about sth) （对某事物）无知: We are in complete ignorance of your plans. 我们对你的计画一无所知. * If he did wrong it was only through ignorance. 要是他做错了, 那也只是出於无知.
ignorant
/ 5IgnErEnt; `I^nErEnt/ adj  1 (a) ~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware 无知的; 愚昧的; 没有学识的; 不知道的: He's not stupid, just ignorant. 他并不蠢, 只是无知罢了. * To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的. (b) showing or resulting from lack of knowledge 显示无知的; 由无知而产生的: an ignorant stare, look, etc 茫然的凝视、 样子等.  2 (infml 口) rude through lack of knowledge about good manners 不识礼的; 粗野的; 没有礼貌的: His ignorantbehaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.他在餐桌上举止粗鲁, 在座的人颇为难堪. 
ignorantly
adv.
ignore
/ Ig5nR:(r); I^`nRr/ v [Tn]  1 take no notice of (sb/sth) 忽视（某人[某事物]）: You've been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里. * I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了. * ignore criticism 忽视批评.  2 deliberately refuse to greet or acknowledge (sb) 对（某人）故意不打招呼、 不予承认或不予理睬: I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我!
iguana
/ 5IgwB:nE; I`^wBnE/ n type of large tree-climbing lizard of tropical America 　鼠鳞蜥（产於热带美洲的攀木大蜥蜴）.
ikon
= icon.
il-
=> in-.
ilex
/ 5aIleks; `aIlZks/ n (pl ~es)  1 (botany 植) (plant of the) genus of trees that includes holly 冬青属; 冬青属植物.  2 (also holm-oak) type of evergreen oak-tree with leaves like holly 圣栎（一种常青栎树, 叶似冬青）.
ilk
/ Ilk; Ilk/ n (idm 习语) of that/the same/his, her, etc ilk (infml joc 口, 谑) of that, the same, his, etc kind, sort or type 那一类[同一种/他、 她...那类]: I can't stand him, or any others of that/his ilk. 他这类人的行为我无法忍受.
ill
/ Il; Il/ adv (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词)  1 badly; wrongly 坏; 恶劣地: an ,ill-written `book 写得很差劲的书 * Their children are ill `cared for, ie neglected.他们的孩子疏於照料. Cf 参看 well3 1a.  2 unfavourably; unkindly 不利地; 不友好地; 坏: speak/think ill of sb 说某人坏话[对某人不怀好感]. Cf 参看 well3 1b.  3 only with difficulty; scarcely 困难地; 几乎不: We can ill afford the time or money for a holiday. 我们简直连度假的时间或金钱都没有.  4 (idm 习语) augur well/ill for sb/sth => augur. bode well/ill => bode. deserve well/ill of sb => deserve. ,ill at `ease uncomfortable; embarrassed 不舒服; 困窘; 局促. wish sb well/ill => wish v.
ill-advised 
adj unwise 不明智的; 考虑欠周的: an ,ill-advised `meeting 考虑欠周的会晤. 
ill-advisedly
/ 9IlEd5vaIzIdlI; `IlEd`vaIzIdlI/ adv.
ill-assorted 
adj badly matched; mixed 不配合的; 不相称的: an ill-assorted collection of shoes 杂七杂八的一堆鞋 * They make an ,ill-assorted `couple, ie don't seem well suited to each other. 他们俩不很般配.
ill-bred 
adj badly brought up; badly behaved; rude 教养不好的; 粗野的; 无礼的: an ,ill-bred `child 没有教养的孩子. Cf 参看 well-bred (well3). ,ill `breeding bad manners 恶劣的教养; 粗野; 无礼.
ill-considered 
adj not carefully or sufficiently thoughtabout 考虑欠周的; 不谨慎的; 不妥的: an ,ill-considered `act 不明智的举动.
ill-defined 
adj  1 not accurately described 不清楚的; 含混的; 不分明的; 不明确的: an ,ill-defined `job 内容不明确的工作.  2 not distinct in outline 轮廓不鲜明的: an ill-defined lump of rock on the horizon 天边一处轮廓不清的岩影.
ill-disposed 
adj ~ (towards sb/sth) (fml 文) not friendly or pleasant; not favouring 不友好的; 不喜欢的; 无好感的: She's very ill-disposed towards her neighbours.她对左邻右舍概无好感. Cf 参看 well-disposed (well3).
ill-fated 
adj bringing or having bad luck or misfortune 带来不幸的; 注定倒霉的: an ill-fated expedition 运气不佳的远征.
ill-favoured 
adj (fml 文) (esp of people) unattractive in appearance; ugly （尤指人）丑陋的, 其貌不扬的, 难看的.
ill-founded 
adj not based on fact or truth 无根据的; 凭空的; 毫无理由的: ,ill-founded `claims, assumptions, suspicions, etc 毫无理由的索赔、 凭空的臆断、 无根据的怀疑.
ill-gotten 
adj (dated or joc 旧或谑) obtained dishonestly非法得来的; 来路不正的: ,ill-gotten `gains 不义之财.
ill-judged 
adj not well timed; unwise 判断不当的; 不合时宜的; 不明智的: an ,ill-judged `rescue attempt 时机选择不当的营救行动.
ill-mannered 
adj having bad manners; rude 无礼貌的; 举止粗鲁的.
ill-natured 
adj bad-tempered; unkind 脾气坏的; 粗暴的; 不厚道的; 不仁慈的: an ,ill-natured `person, `comment脾气恶劣的人、 恶意的评语.
ill-omened, ,ill-starred 
adjs (rhet 修辞) unlucky 不吉利的; 倒霉的; 不幸的.
ill-timed 
adj done or happening at a wrong or unsuitable time 不合时宜的; 不适时的: Our visit was ill-timed  my mother had guests already. 我们探望母亲很不是时候--她家里已经来了客人. Cf 参看 well-timed (well>3).
ill-treat, ill-use 
vs [Tn] treat or use (sb/sth) unkindly or badly 虐待, 折磨（某人[某物]）: ill-treat one's dog 虐待自己的狗. 
ill-treatment, ill-usage 
ns [U].
ill
/ Il; Il/ adj  1 (US usu 美式英语通常作 sick) [usu pred 通常作表语] physically or mentally unwell; sick （身体上或精神上）不适, 不健康, 有病: He's been ill for two weeks. 他病了两个星期了. * She fell ill/was taken ill suddenly. 她突然病了. =>Usage at sick 用法见sick.  2 [attrib 作定语] (a) not good; bad 不好的; 不良的; 坏的; 糟糕的: ill health 不健康 * people of ill repute, ie with a bad reputation 名声不好的人. (b) harmful; intending harm 有害的; 邪恶的: suffer no ill effects 未受坏影响. (c) unkind; resentful 不友好的; 敌意的; 怨恨的: bear sb no ill will 对某人不存恶意 * You ought to apologize and show there is no ill feeling between you. 你应当道歉, 表明你们之间并无恶感.  3 [attrib 作定语] not favourable 不利的; 不吉的: ill luck 恶运 * a bird of ill omen, ie one thought to bring bad luck 不祥之鸟.  4 (idm 习语) it's an ,ill `wind (that blows nobody any good) (saying 谚) few things are so bad that they don't offer some good to sb 世上鲜有绝对的坏事; 害於此者利於彼.
ill 
n (fml 文)  1 [U] harm; evil 伤害; 恶行; 邪恶: I wish him no ill. 我对他并无恶感.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] problem; misfortune 困难; 不幸; 苦恼: the various ills of life 人生种种苦难.
illegal
/ I5li:gl; I`li^l/ adj against the law; not legal 不合法的; 违法的.
illegality
/ 9IlI5gAlEtI; 9IlI`^AlEtI/ n  1 [U] state of being illegal 不合法; 违法.  2 [C] illegal act 非法行为.
illegally
/ -gElI; -^lI/ adv: an illegally parked car 违章停放的汽车.
illegible
/ I5ledVEbl; I`lZdVEbl/ (also unreadable) adj difficult or impossible to read; not legible 难以辨认的; （字迹）模糊的; 不能辨识的: an illegible signature 难以辨认的签字. 
illegibility
/ I9lEdVE5bIlEtI; I9lZdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
illegibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
illegitimate
/ 9IlI5dVItImEt; 9IlI`dVItEmEt/ adj  1 born of parents not married to each other; not legitimate by birth 非婚生的; 私生的: an ,illegitimate `child 私生儿 * She's illegitimate. 她是私生女.  2 not allowed by the law or by the rules 法律不容的; 规则不许可的; 非法的: illegitimate use of company property 对公司财产的盗用.  3 (of a conclusion in an argument, etc) not logical （指辩论等的结论）不合逻辑的, 不合理的. 
illegitimacy
/ 9IlI5dVItImEsI; 9IlI`dVItEmEsI/ n [U]. 
illegitimately 
adv.
illiberal
/ I5lIbErEl; I`lIbErEl/ adj (fml 文)  1 (a) nottolerant; narrow-minded 不能容让的; 心胸狭　益的: illiberalattitudes 偏执的看法. (b) lacking culture 缺乏文化素养的; 粗鄙的: an illiberal upbringing 不良的教养.  2 meanor stingy; not generous 吝啬的; 小气的; 不大方的: illiberalhelpings of food 添加的分量少的食物. 
illiberality
/ I9lIbE5rlEtI; I9lIbE`rAlEtI/ n [U]. 
illiberally
/ -rElI;-rElI/ adv.
illicit
/ I5lIsIt; I`lIsIt/ adj (a) not allowed by law; illegal 法律不许可的; 违禁的; 非法的: the illicit sale of drugs 毒品的非法贩卖. (b) not approved by the normal rules ofsociety 违反社会规则的; 不正当的: an illicit relationship不正当的关系. 
illicitly 
adv.
illiterate
/ I5lItErEt; I`lItErEt/ adj  1 (a) not able to read or write 不会读或不会写的; 不识字的: an illiterate child 不识字的孩子. Cf 参看 unlettered. (b) showing such ignorance 文字不通的: an illiterate letter, ie one that contains many mistakes of spelling and grammar 文字不通的信.  2 (a) showing little or no education 缺乏教育的; 教育程度很低的: You must be illiterate if you've never heard of Marx. 要是你连马克思这个人都从未听说过, 那麽你一定是没有受过教育的了. (b) ignorant in a particular field （对某一领域）无知的, 外行的: be scientifically illiterate 科盲.
illiteracy
/ I5lItErEsI; I`lItErEsI/ n [U] state of being illiterate 文盲; 缺乏教育; 无知: Illiteracy is a major problem in some developing countries. 在一些发展中国家, 文盲是个大问题.
illiterate 
n illiterate person 文盲; 无知的人.
illness
/ 5IlnIs; `IlnIs/ n  1 [U] state of being ill in body or mind; lack of health 病; 疾病; 不健康: We've had a lot of illness in the family. 我们家的人患过很多病.  2 [C] type or period of illness 患的病; 患病期间: serious illnesses 重病 * recovering after a long illness 久病之後逐渐康复.
illogical
/ I5lCdVIkl; I`lBdVIkl/ adj  1 without reason or logic; not sensible 没有道理的; 不合逻辑的; 悖於理的; 乖戾的: It seems illogical to change the timetable so often. 时间表变动得如此频繁, 似乎没有什麽道理.  2 contrary to the rules of logic 与逻辑相违的: an illogical conclusion 不合逻辑的结论. 
illogicality
/ I9lCdVI5klEtI; I9lBdVI`kAlEtI/ n [C, U]. 
illogically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
illuminate
/ I5lu:mIneIt; I`lumE9net/ v [Tn]  1 provide (sth) with light 照明, 照亮, 照射（某物）: a football pitch illuminated with floodlights 用泛光灯照亮的足球场.  2 decorate (sth) with bright lights for a special occasion 用灯装饰（某物）: illuminate a street, building, etc 用彩灯装饰街道、 建筑物等.  3 (esp formerly) decorate (a book) with gold, silver and bright colours, usu by hand （尤指旧时）用金色、 银色或鲜艳色彩装饰（书）（通常为手工制作）: an illuminated manuscript 装饰过的手稿.  4 (fml 文) make (sth) clear; help to explain 阐明（某事物）; 解释清楚; 启发: illuminate a difficult passage in a book 解释书中难懂的段落.
illuminating 
adj particularly revealing or helpful 富有启发性的; 很有助益的: an illuminating analysis, talk, etc 很有启发的分析、 谈话等.
illumination
/ I9lu:mI5neIFn; I9lumE`neFEn/ n  1 [U] illuminating or being illuminated; (source of) light 照明; 照度; 光（源）.  2 illuminations [pl] (Brit) bright colourful lights used to decorate a town for a special occasion 彩灯; 灯饰: the Christmas illuminations in the high street 大街上的圣诞节彩灯.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] coloured decoration, usu painted by hand, in an old book （旧书上的）彩饰, 图案花饰（通常为手工制作的）.
illusion
/ I5lu:Vn; I`luVEn/ n  1 (a) [C] false idea, belief or impression; delusion 错误的观念; 幻觉; 错觉: I have no illusions about my ability, ie I know that I am not very able. 我对自己的能力如何颇有自知之明（我知道自己的能力不很强）. * We're left with few illusions about ourally. 我们的处境已不容我们对盟友再存多少幻想了. (b)[U] state of mind in which one is deceived in this way 幻觉; 错觉: You think that, do you? Pure illusion! 你是那麽想的吗? 纯粹是错觉!  2 [C] thing that a person wrongly believes to exist; false perception 幻想中的事物; 错觉: an optical illusion 光幻视 * In the hot sun the surface of the road seems wet, but that is only an illusion. 路面在烈日之下像是湿的, 然而这仅仅是错觉.  3 (idm 习语) be under an/the illusion (that...) believe wrongly 误信: I was under the illusion that he was honest until he was caught stealing some money. 他偷钱当场被人抓住, 在此之前我一直误以为他是个老实人.
illusionist
/ -VEnIst; -VEnIst/ n person who does clever tricks on stage that deceive the audience; conjurer 魔术师; 幻术师.
illusive
/ I5lu:sIv; I`lusIv/, illusory / I5lu:sErI; I`lusErI/ adjs based on illusion; deceptive 幻觉的; 虚假的; 骗人的.
illustrate
/ 5IlEstreIt; `IlEstret/ v [Tn]  1 supply (sth) with pictures, diagrams, etc 为（某物）作插图或图表: illustrate a book, magazine, lecture 给书、 杂志、 讲义作插图 * a well-illustrated textbook 有精美插图的教科书.2 (a) explain or make (sth) clear by examples, diagrams, pictures, etc （用示例、 图表等）说明, 阐明（某事物）: To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis. 为说明我的观点, 我做了对比分析. (b) be an example of (sth) 表明或显示为（某事物）的例证: This behaviour illustrates your selfishness. 你的行为说明你很自私.
illustration
/ 9IlE5streIFn; 9IlEs`treFEn/ n  1 [U] illustrating or being illustrated 作插图; 图解; 图示; 示例; 举例说明: the art of book illustration 书籍的插图艺术 * Illustration is often more useful than definition for showing what words mean. 用图解或示例解释词义往往比用定义解释更清楚.  2 [C] drawing, diagram or picture in a book, magazine, etc 书或杂志上的图画、 图表、 照片: colour illustrations 彩色插图.  3 [C] example used to explain sth （说明某事物用的）示例, 实例, 例证.
illustrative
/ 5IlEstrEtIv; ?@ I5lQs-; I`lQstrEtIv/ adj servingas an example or illustration 作为例证或图解的; 作说明用的; 解说性的: an illustrative quotation 说明性的引文 * That outburst was illustrative of her bad temper. 这一通发作适足说明她脾气坏.
illustrator 
n person who draws and paints pictures for books, etc 为书制作插图的人.
illustrious
/ I5lQstrIEs; I`lQstrIEs/ adj very famous anddistinguished 著名的; 杰出的; 卓越的. 
illustriously
adv.
ILO
/ 9aI el 5EU; 9aI Zl `o/ abbr 缩写 = International Labour Organization 国际劳工组织.
im-
=> in-.
image
/ 5ImIdV; `ImIdV/ n  1 (a) [C] copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue 像, 肖像, 偶像（尤指木、 石雕刻的）: carved images 雕像. (b) [sing] (arch 古) close likeness 极相像: According to the Bible, God created man in his image. 据《圣经》所叙, 上帝按自己的形象创造了人.  2 [C] mental picture or idea 心目中的形象或概念: I have this image of you as always being cheerful. 在我的心目中, 你的样子总是兴高采烈的.  3 [C] general impression thata person, firm, product, etc gives to the public; reputation（人、 公司、 产品等给公众的）总印象; 形象; 声誉: How can we improve our (public) image? 我们怎样才能改善自己（在公众心目中）的形象?  4 [C] figure of speech; simile; metaphor 意象; 比喻; 明喻; 隐喻: a poem full of startling images 充满惊人意象的诗.  5 [C] appearance of sb or sth when seen in a mirror or through the lens ofa camera 映像; 影像; 镜像.  6 (idm 习语) be the (very/living/spitting) image of sb/sth (infml 口) be or look exactly like sb/sth 极像某人[某事物]: She's the (spitting) image of her mother. 她长得活像她妈妈.
imagery
/ 5ImIdVErI; `ImIdVErI/ n [U]  1 use of figurative language to produce pictures in the minds of readers or hearers 形象化的描叙; 意象: poetic imagery 诗的意象.  2 statues; images as a group 像, 画像, 塑像, 雕像, 偶像（总称）.
imaginable
/ I5mAdVInEbl; I`mAdVInEbl/ adj that can be imagined 可想像的; 想像得到的: We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地, 经历了可能想见的最大的困难.
imaginary
/ I5mAdVInErI; ?@ -EnerI; I`mAdVE9nZrI/ adj existing only in the mind or imagination; not real 想像中的; 假想的; 虚构的; 幻想的: imaginary fears 想像中的恐惧.
imagination
/ I9mAdVI5neIFn; I9mAdVE`neFEn/ n  1 (a) [U, C] ability to form mental images or pictures 想像力: He hasn't much imagination. 他缺乏想像力. * Her talk captured (ie gripped and stimulated) the imagination of the whole class. 她的谈话吸引了全班的同学, 激发了他们的想像力. (b) [C] part of the mind that does this 想像: In my imagination, I thought I heard her calling me. 我在想像中彷佛听到她在呼唤我.  2 [U] use of this ability in a practical or creative way 想像力的运用: His writing lacks imagination. 他的写作缺乏想像力. * Use your imagination to find an answer. 运用你的想像力来寻找答案.  3 [U] thing experienced in the mind and not in reality 想像出来的事物; 幻想物: I can't have seen a ghost  it must have been imagination. 我看到的不可能是鬼--一定是幻想的东西吧. * Is it my imagination or have you lost a lot of weight? 是我的错觉呢, 还是你真的瘦了许多?  4 (idm 习语) the mind/imagination boggles => boggle. not by any/by no stretch of the imagination => stretch n.
imaginative
/ I5mAdVInEtIv; ?@ -EneItIv; I`mAdVE9netIv/ adj having or showing imagination 富於想像力的; 爱想像的: an imaginative child, writer, production 有想像力的孩子、 富於想像力的作家、 体现出想像力的产品. 
imaginatively 
adv.
imagine
/ I5mAdVIn; I`mAdVIn/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a, Cn.pr, Cn.t] form a mental image of (sth) 想像, 设想（某事物）: Imagine a house with a big garden. 设想有一所带大花园的房子. * Imagine that you are in London. 想像一下你正在伦敦吧. * Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 你能想像出生活中没有电会是一幅什麽样的情景吗? * She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them. 她想像自己走进办公室, 对每个人都说出自己对他们的看法. * Imagine yourself (to be) rich and famous. 想像一下你又有钱, 又有名的情况.  2 [Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] think of (sth) as probable or possible 料想, 设想, 想到（某事物）: I can't imagine that anyone cares what I do. 我想不出谁会关心我的所作所为. * I can't imagine living (ie don't think I shall ever live) anywhere but England. 我很难设想能到英国以外的地方去生活. * Would you ever have imagined him/his becoming a politician? 你怎能料想到他竟当上政治家了?  3 [Tn, Tf] suppose (sth); assume 猜想（某事物）; 认为: I imagine (that) he'll be there. 我猜他会到那儿去.
imam
/ I5mB:m; I`mBm/ n  1 person who leads the prayers in a mosque 伊玛目（清真寺内率领伊斯兰教徒作礼拜的人）.  2 Imam title of various Muslim religious leaders 伊玛目（伊斯兰教领袖的头衔）.
imbalance
/ 9Im5bAlEns; Im`bAlEns/ n lack of balance or proportion; inequality 不平衡; 不均衡; 失衡; 失调: The current trade deficit indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade. 当前的贸易赤字表明我们的进出口贸易严重失调.
imbecile
/ 5ImbEsi:l; ?@ -sl; `ImbEsl/ n (a) (esp adult) person with abnormally low intelligence （尤指成年人）低能者, 弱智者. (b) (infml 口) stupid or silly person; fool 蠢人; 傻瓜.
imbecile, imbecilic 
adjs [usu attrib 通常作定语] stupid; foolish 愚蠢的; 傻的: an imbecile remark 愚蠢的言语 * imbecile behaviour 愚笨的举止.
imbecility
/ 9ImbE5sIlEtI; 9ImbE`sIlEtI/ n  1 [U] stupidity 愚蠢.  2 [C] stupid act, remark, etc 愚蠢的行为、 言语等.
imbibe
/ Im5baIb; Im`baIb/ v  1 [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) drink (sth, esp alcohol) 喝, 饮（尤指酒类）: Are you imbibing? 你正在喝酒吗?  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) take in or absorb (sth) 吸收或接受（某事物）: imbibe fresh air, knowledge 吸入新鲜空气、 接受知识.
imbroglio
/ Im5brEUlIEU; Im`broljo/ n (pl ~s / -z; -z/) complicated, confused or embarrassing situation, esp a political or an emotional one 错综复杂的局面, 纠缠不清的关系, 尴尬的处境（尤指政治上的或感情上的）.
imbue
/ Im5bju:; Im`bju/ v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth with sth (fml 文) fill or inspire sb/sth with (feelings, etc) 使（某人[某事物]）充满或激起（感情等）: imbued with patriotism, ambition, love, etc 充满爱国主义精神、 雄心勃勃、 满怀爱心 * politicians imbued with a sense of their own importance 自以为举足轻重的政治家们.
IMF
/ 9aI em 5ef; 9aI Zm `Zf/ abbr 缩写 = International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织.
imitate
/ 5ImIteIt; `ImE9tet/ v [Tn]  1 copy the behaviour of (sb/sth); take or follow as an example 学（某人[某物]）的样; 仿效: Decide what you want to do; don't just imitate others. 想做什麽自己决定, 不要一味学别人的样.  2 copy the speech, actions, dress, etc of (sb); mimic 模仿（某人的言谈、 举止、 衣著等）: He's very clever at imitating his friends. 他非常擅长於模仿朋友的言行.  3 be like (sb/sth); look like 与（某人[某事物]）相似; 好像: The stage was designed to imitate a prison cell. 舞台设计成牢房的样子.
imitator 
n person who imitates (esp other people) 模仿（尤指他人）的人.
imitation
/ 9ImI5teIFn; 9ImE`teFEn/ n  1 [C] thing produced as a copy of the real thing 仿制品; 仿造品; 膺品: That's not an original Rembrandt, it's an imitation. 这不是伦勃朗的真品, 是件膺品. * [attrib 作定语] imitationleather, jewellery, etc, ie material made to look like leather, jewellery, etc 人造革、 假珠宝.  2 [U] imitating 仿; 效: learn sth by imitation 通过模仿学习某事物 * The house was built in imitation of a Roman villa. 这所房子是仿罗马别墅式的建筑.  3 [C] impersonation or mimicking of a person's speech or behaviour 扮演或模仿某人的言谈举止: an entertainer who does hilarious imitations of politicians' voices 专门学政治家讲话作滑稽模拟表演的演员.
imitative
/ 5ImItEtIv; ?@ -teItIv; `ImE9tetIv/ adj copying or following a model or example 模仿的; 仿效的; 模拟的: His style of public speaking is imitative of the prime minister. 他的演讲风格是模仿首相的. * Sculpture is an imitative art, ie it copies people, things, etc from real life. 雕刻是模仿的艺术（模刻真实生活中的人、 物等）.
immaculate
/ I5mAkjUlEt; I`mAkjElEt/ adj (approv 褒)  1 perfectly clean and tidy; spotless 整洁的; 无污迹的; 无瑕的: an immaculate uniform 整洁的制服.  2 right in every detail; having no mistakes 精确的; 无误的: animmaculate performance 完美的演出. 
immaculately
adv: immaculately dressed 衣著整洁.
the Immaculate Conception 
Roman Catholic teaching that the Virgin Mary was without sin from the moment of her conception 无原罪始胎, 始胎无玷（天主教会信条, 谓圣母马利亚自怀孕之始即无原罪）.
immanent
/ 5ImEnEnt; `ImEnEnt/ adj ~ (in sth)  1 (fml 文) (of qualities) naturally present; inherent （指特性）天生的, 内在的, 固有的: He believed that beauty was not something imposed, but something immanent. 他认为美丽不是外在的而是内在的.  2 (of God) permanently present throughout the whole universe （指上帝）无处不在的. 
immanence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U].
immaterial
/ 9ImE5tIErIEl; 9ImE`tIrIEl/ adj  1 ~ (to sb) not important; irrelevant 不重要的; 不相干的: The cost is immaterial. 成本微不足道. * It is immaterial (to me) whether he stays or leaves. 他的去留（对我）无所谓.  2 without physical form or substance 非物质的; 非实体的; 无形的: as immaterial as a ghost 虚无如鬼魂.
immature
/ 9ImE5tjUE(r); ?@ -tUEr; 9ImE`tJr/ adj  1 not sensible in behaviour or in controlling one's feelings; less mature than one would expect （行为或控制感情）不成熟的, 不够老练的: He's very immature for his age. 就他的年龄来说, 他还很不成熟.  2 not (yet) fully developed or grown （尚）未充分成长的; 发育（尚）未完全的: immature plants 幼嫩的植物. 
immaturity
/ 9ImE5tjUErEtI; US -tUEr-; 9ImE`tJrEtI/ n [U].
immeasurable
/ I5meVErEbl; I`mZVErEbl/ adj that cannot be measured, esp because of largeness in size or extent 不可计量的, 无限的, 无比的（尤指因体积或程度之大）: the immeasurable depths of the universe 宇宙的无限深广. 
immeasurably
/ -blI; -blI/ adv: Your presence has enriched our lives immeasurably. 有你在, 我们的生活无比丰富. * The task seems immeasurably difficult. 任务似乎极为艰巨.
immediate
/ I5mi:dIEt; I`midIEt/ adj  1 (a) happening or done at once 立即的; 即刻的: I want an immediate reply. 我要求立即答覆我. * The response of the people to the famine appeal was immediate. 人们对救济饥荒的吁求立刻作出了回应. * take immediate action 立刻采取行动. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] existing at the present time 目前的; 当前的: Our immediate concern is for/with the families of those who died. 我们当务之急是安抚死者的家属.  2 [attrib 作定语] nearest in time, space or relationship （在时空上、 关系上）最接近的, 紧接的: What are your plans for the immediate future? 你最近有什麽计画? * There's no post office in the immediateneighbourhood. 附近没有邮局. * his immediate predecessor他的前任 * one's immediate family, ie parents, children, brothers and sisters 直系亲属（父母、 子女、 兄弟、 姐妹）.  3 [attrib 作定语] with nothing coming in between; direct 直接的: The immediate cause of death is unknown. 造成死亡的直接原因不明.
immediacy
/ -EsI; -EsI/ (also immediateness) n [U] closeness or reality of sth, so that one feels directly involved or has to deal with it at once 直接性; 即时性; 直观性; 实感性; 迫切性: the immediacy of the war, as seen on television 战争的实感, 一如电视上所见 * the immediacy of the problem 问题的紧迫性.
immediately 
adv  1 at once; without delay 立刻; 马上; 当即; 毫不耽搁: She answered almost immediately. 她几乎当下就答覆了. * The purpose may not be immediately evident. 这种目的不一定显而易见.  2 being nearest in time or space; directly （在时空上）最接近地, 直接地: in the years immediately after the war 战後最初的几年 * fix the lock immediately below the handle 把锁直接安在把手下方.  3 directly or very closely 直接地; 紧接地: the houses most immediately affected by the motorway 最直接受高速公路影响的房子.  conj (esp Brit) as soon as; the moment that 即刻; 一...就...: I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就立刻认出她来了.
immemorial
/ 9ImE5mR:rIEl; 9ImE`mRrIEl/ adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞)  1 going back beyond the reach of human memory or written records （因年代久远）人类无法追忆的或文字记录所不及的.  2 (idm 习语) from/since time immemorial => time.
immense
/ I5mens; I`mZns/ adj extremely large 巨大的; 广大的: immense difficulties, problems, possibilities, etc 巨大的困难、 问题、 可能性等 * of immense importance 极为重要的.
immensely 
adv to a very great extent; extremely极大地; 无限地; 极端地: immensely popular, rich, successful, etc 极其流行、 富有、 成功等 * They enjoyed the film immensely. 他们非常喜欢这部影片.
immensity
/ I5mensEtI; I`mZnsEtI/ n [U] largeness; great size 巨大; 广大: the immensity of the universe 宇宙的浩瀚无垠.
immerse
/ I5m\:s; I`m[s/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sth (in sth) put sth under the surface of a liquid 使某物浸没於液体中: Immerse the plant (in water) for a few minutes. 把那棵植物（在水里）浸泡几分钟.  2 ~ oneself (in sth) involve oneself deeply (in sth); absorb oneself 使自己沉浸（於某事物）; 使自己深陷於或专心於: be immersed in thought, one's business, a book 沉思、 埋首事务、 专心读书 * He immersed himself totally in his work. 他埋首於工作.
immersion
/ I5m\:Fn; ?@ -Vn; I`m[VEn/ n [U]  1 immersing; being immersed 沉浸; 浸沉.  2 baptism by putting the whole body under water 洗礼; 浸礼. immersion heater electric heater fixed inside a hot-water tank in a home 浸入式加热器（家庭用的）.
immigrate
/ 5ImIgreIt; `ImE9^ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to/into...) enter a foreign country in order to live there permanently 移入（外国定居）. Cf 参看 emigrate.
immigrant
/ 5ImIgrEnt; `ImE^rEnt/ n person who has come to live permanently in a foreign country （自外国移入的）移民: Irish immigrants 来自爱尔兰的移民 * illegal immigrants 非法移民 * [attrib 作定语] the immigrant population 外来的移民人口.
immigration
/ 9ImI5greIFn; 9ImE`^reFEn/ n  1 [U, C] (instance of) moving of people from one country to come to live in another country permanently 移民: restrictions on immigration 对外来移民的限制 * [attrib 作定语] immigration officials （处理外来移民的）移民局官员 * immigration controls （对外来的）移民管制.  2 [U] (also immi`gration control) control point at an airport, sea terminal, etc at which the passports and other documents of people wanting to come into a country are checked （设於机场、 港口等的）移民局检查站（负责检查入境者的护照及有关文件）: go/pass through immigration 通过移民局检查.
imminent
/ 5ImInEnt; `ImEnEnt/ adj (esp of unpleasant events) about to happen; likely to happen very soon （尤指不愉快的事件）即将发生的, 临近的, 逼近的: no warning of imminent danger 没有即将发生危险的警告 *An announcement of further cuts in government expenditure is imminent. 最近将发布进一步削减政府开支的公告. 
imminence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]: the imminence of nuclear war 核战迫近的危险. 
imminently 
adv.
immobile
/ I5mEUbaIl; ?@ -bl; I`mobl/ adj  1 unable to move or be moved 不能活动的; 不能移动的: Her illness has made her completely immobile. 她病得完全失去了活动能力.  2 not moving 不活动的; 静止的: The deer stood immobile among the trees. 那只鹿一动不动地站在树丛里.
immobility
/ 9ImE5bIlEtI; 9Imo`bIlEtI/ n [U] state of being immobile 静止（状态）; 固定; 不能动.
immobilize, immobilise
/ I5mEUbElaIz; I`mobl9aIz/ v [Tn]  1 prevent (sth) from moving or operating normally 使（某物）不动、 固定或不能正常运作: A whole tank regiment was completely immobilized by enemy air attacks. 敌军的空袭将整个坦克团完全钳制住了. * This alarm immobilizes the car. 这种警报一发出, 汽车就停止不动了. * The firm has been immobilized by a series of strikes. 公司因一连串的罢工而陷於瘫痪.  2 keep (a patient, abroken limb, etc) completely still, in order to help recovery固定（病人、 断肢等）以助复元. 
immobilization, immobilisation
/ I9mEUbElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; I9moblE`zeFEn/ n [U].
immoderate
/ I5mCdErEt; I`mBdErEt/ adj too extreme or excessive; not moderate 过度的; 无节制的; 极端的; 不适度的: immoderate eating/drinking habits 无节制的大吃[大喝]的习惯. 
immoderately 
adv.
immodest
/ I5mCdIst; I`mBdIst/ adj  1 indecent or not proper; not modest, esp concerning sexual behaviour 不雅的; 不端庄的; （尤指）猥亵的, 下流的: an immodest dress 过分暴露的连衣裙 * immodest talk, behaviour, etc 不雅的谈话、 举动等.  2 showing or expressing too high an opinion of oneself; conceited 自高自大的; 自负的: If I may be immodest for a moment, let me tell you about the latest book that I've written. 恕我出言无状, 请姑且容我谈谈新近的拙著. 
immodestly 
adv. 
immodesty 
n [U].
immolate
/ 5ImEleIt; `ImE9let/ v [Tn] (fml 文) kill (sb) as a sacrifice 杀（某人）作祭品.
immolation
/ 9ImE5leIFn;9ImE`leFEn/ n [U].
immoral
/ I5mCrEl; ?@ I5mR:rEl; I`mRrEl/ adj  1 not following accepted standards of morality; not moral 不道德的; 邪恶的: It's immoral to steal. 盗窃是不道德的.  2 not following accepted standards of sexual behaviour 放荡的; 猥亵的: Some people still think it is immoral to have sex before marriage. 有些人仍然认为婚前的性行为是不道德的. * an immoral young man 不正经的年轻男子 * immoral earnings, eg from prostitution 不乾净的收入（如卖淫得来的）.
immorality
/ 9ImE5rAlEtI; 9ImE`rAlEtI/ n [U] immoralbehaviour 不道德; 淫荡: a life of immorality 淫荡的生活.
immorally
/ -rElI; -rElI/ adv: behave immorally 淫荡地; 邪恶地; 不正经地; 猥亵地. Cf 参看 amoral.
immortal
/ I5mR:tl; I`mRrtl/ adj  1 living for ever; not mortal 不朽的; 永世的: The soul is immortal. 灵魂不灭.  2 (a) famous for ever; that will be remembered for ever 流芳百世的; 万古流芳的; 名垂千古的: the immortal Shakespeare 不朽的莎士比亚. (b) that will last for a long time or for ever; unfading 永存的; 永世的; 不泯的: immortal fame/glory 不朽的名声[荣耀].
immortal 
n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 person of lasting fame 不朽的人物; 千古流芳之士: Beethoven is regarded as one of the immortals of classical music. 贝多芬被认为是不朽的古典音乐大师.  2 immortal being, esp a god of ancient Greece and Rome 永生不朽者（尤指古代希腊和罗马的神）.
immortality
/ 9ImR:5tAlEtI; 9ImRr`tAlEtI/ n [U] state of being immortal 不朽; 永存: man's belief in immortality 人类对永生的信念.
immortalize, immortalise
/ I5mR:tElaIz; I`mRrtl9aIz/ v [Tn] give endless life or fame to (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）不朽、 永生、 永存、 名垂千古: Wigan pier, as immortalized in George Orwell's book `The Road to Wigan Pier' 因乔治·奥韦尔的《通向威根码头之路》一书而永享盛名的威根码头.
immovable
/ I5mu:vEbl; I`muvEbl/ adj  1 that cannot be moved; impossible to move; fixed 不可移动的; 固定的: an immovable stone column 岿然不动的石柱 * (law 律) immovable property, eg buildings and land 不动产（如建筑物和土地）.  2 not changing; steadfast; firm 不变的; 坚定不移的; 牢固的: immovable in purpose, intent, etc 目标、 意图等坚定不移的. 
immovably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
immune
/ I5mju:n; I`mjun/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语]  1 ~ (to/against sth) that cannot be harmed by a disease or illness, either because of inoculation or through natural resistance 有免疫力（因接种疫苗或自发的）: I'm immune to smallpox as a result of vaccination. 我种过牛痘了, 所以对天花有免疫力.  2 ~ (to sth) not affected by sth; not susceptible to sth 不受某事物影响; 不易感受某事物: immune to criticism, abuse, opposition, etc 不为批评、 漫骂、 反对等所动摇.  3 ~ (from sth) protected or exempt from sth （对某事物）免除, 豁免: immune from additional taxes 免纳附加税 * immune from prosecution 免予起诉.
immunity
/ I5mju:nEtI; I`mjunEtI/ n [U]  1 ~ (to/against sth) ability to resist infection, disease, etc 免疫力: immunity to measles 对麻疹的免疫力 * This vaccine will give you immunity for two years. 接种这种疫苗可有两年的免疫力.  2 ~ (to sth) ability to be unaffected by sth 不受某事物影响的能力: immunity to criticism 不受批评的影响.  3 ~ (from sth) ability to be protected or exempt from sth 受保护; 免除; 豁免: immunity from prosecution 免予起诉 * diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权.
immunize, immunise
/ 5ImjUnaIz; `ImjJ9naIz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (against sth) make sb immune (to a disease or infection), esp by injecting him with a vaccine 使某人免疫（尤指通过注射疫苗）: Have you been immunized (against smallpox) yet? 你接种过（抗天花）疫苗没有? Cf 参看 inoculate, vaccinate. 
immunization, immunisation
/ 9ImjUnaI5zeIFn; ?@ -nI5z-; 9ImjJnE`zeFEn/ n [U, C]: government plans for (a) mass immunization against measles 政府的大规模麻疹免疫注射计画.
immunology
/ 9ImjU5nClEdVI; 9ImjJ`nBlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of protection against and resistance to infection 免疫学.
immure
/ I5mjUE(r); I`mjJr/ v [Tn] (fml 文) imprison (sb); shut in 监禁（某人）; 禁闭: immured in a cold dungeon 监禁在冰冷的地牢中 * He immured himself in a small room to work undisturbed. 他自己关在小屋里埋头工作, 以免受到骚扰.
immutable
/ I5mju:tEbl; I`mjutEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be changed; that will never change 不可改变的; 永恒不变的: an immutable decision 不可更易的决定 * immutable principles/laws 永恒不变的原则[规律]. 
immutability
/ I9mju:tE5bIlEtI; I9mjutE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
immutably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
imp
/ Imp; Imp/ n  1 small devil or evil spirit 小魔鬼; 小恶魔.  2 mischievous child 顽童; 小淘气: What a little imp you are! 你这个淘气包!
impact
/ 5ImpAkt; `ImpAkt/ n  1 [U] (a) hitting of one object against another 撞击; 冲击; 碰撞: the impact of a collision 碰撞时的冲击 * The bomb exploded on impact, ie at the moment of collision. 炸弹在撞击时立即爆炸. (b) force with which one object hits another 撞击力; 冲击力: He collapsed under the full impact of the blow. 他受到重击而倒下.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) strong impression or effect on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的强烈的印象或巨大的影响: Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone. 她的演说对大家震动很大. * the impact of new methods, technology, etc on modern industry 新方法、 新技术等对现代工业的巨大影响.
impact
/ Im5pAkt; Im`pAkt/ v  1 [I, Tn] press, drive or wedge (sth) firmly into sth; press, etc (two things) together 将（某物）压入或插入另一物; （将两物）挤、 压、 塞...到一起.  2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sth (esp US) have an effect on sth 对某事物有影响. impacted adj (of a tooth) wedged in the jaw so that it cannot growthrough the gum normally （指牙齿）阻生的: an impactedwisdom tooth 阻生智齿.
impair
/ Im5peE(r); Im`pZr/ v [Tn] weaken or damage (sth) 削弱或损害（某事物）: Loud noise can impair your hearing. 巨大的噪音有损听觉. * Today's attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area. 今日发动的攻击严重损害了在该地区谋求和平的努力. * impaired vision 受损的视力. 
impairment 
n [U].
impala
/ Im5pB:lE; Im`pBlE/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作impalas) type of African antelope 黑斑羚（产於非洲）.
impale
/ Im5peIl; Im`pel/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) pierce sb/sth with a sharp-pointed object 用尖物刺（某人[某物]）: In former times, prisoners' heads were impaled on pointed stakes. 从前的人把监犯的头钉在尖桩上. 
impalement 
n [U].
impalpable
/ Im5pAlpEbl; Im`pAlpEbl/ adj (fml 文)  1 that cannot be touched or felt physically 触摸不著的; 感觉不到的: impalpable darkness, horror, fear 无形的黑暗、 恐怖、 害怕.  2 not easily understood or grasped by the mind 难以理解的; 不易意会的.
impanel
= empanel.
impart
/ Im5pB:t; Im`pBrt/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) give (a quality) to sth 将（某性质）给予或赋予某事物: Her presence imparted an air of elegance (to the ceremony). 她一出席（给仪式）增添了高雅的气氛. * impart spin to a cricket ball 使板球增加旋转力.  2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make known (information) to sb; reveal sth 将（情况）通知或告知某人; 透露某事物: I have no news to impart (to you). 我没有消息可告诉你.
impartial
/ Im5pB:Fl; Im`pBrFEl/ adj not favouring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral 不偏不倚的; 公正的; 中立的: an impartial judge, judgement公正的法官[判决]. Cf 参看 partial 2. 
impartiality
/,Im,pB:FI 5lEtI; 9ImpBrFI`AlEtI/ n [U]: They showed completeimpartiality in discussing these sensitive issues. 在讨论这些敏感的问题时, 他们完全不偏不倚. 
impartially
/-FElI; -FElI/ adv: treat prisoners impartially 公正地对待犯人.
impassable
/ Im5pB:sEbl; ?@ -5pAs-; Im`pAsEbl/ adj (of a road, route, etc) impossible to travel on or over （指道路、 路线等）不能通行的, 不能超越的: country lanes that are often impassable in winter 在冬天经常不能通行的乡间小路 * roads made impassable by fallen trees 因有倒伏的树木而不能通行的道路.
impasse
/ 5AmpB:s; ?@ 5ImpAs; `ImpAs/ n difficult position or situation from which there is no way out; deadlock 绝境; 僵局; 停顿: The negotiations had reached an impasse, with both sides refusing to compromise. 由於双方都不肯妥协, 谈判陷入僵局.
impassioned
/ Im5pAFnd; Im`pAFEnd/ adj showingstrong deep feeling 充满激情的; 热烈的: an impassionedplea for mercy 希望获得宽恕的热切恳求.
impassive
/ Im5pAsIv; Im`pAsIv/ adj showing no sign of feeling 无动於衷的; 无表情的; 不动声色的: an impassive expression 冷漠的表情. 
impassively 
adv: The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison. 法官宣布对被告判以十年徒刑, 被告木木然坐著毫无反应. 
impassiveness, impassivity
/ 9Imp5sIvEtI; 9ImpA`sIvEtI/ ns [U].
impatient
/ Im5peIFnt; Im`peFEnt/ adj  1 (a) ~ (at sth/with sb) unable to deal calmly with sth/sb or to wait for sth; easily irritated by sb/sth; not patient 不耐烦的; 无耐性的: Don't be so impatient! The bus will be here soon. 别那麽不耐烦! 公共汽车马上就来了. * You're too impatient with her; she's only a child. 你对她太缺乏耐心, 她只不过是个孩子. (b) showing a lack of patience 表示不耐烦的; 焦躁的: another impatient glance at his watch 又一次不耐烦地看了看他的手表.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth); ~ (for sth) very eager to do sth or for sth to happen; anxious 热切（要做某事或期待某事）: Many graduates are impatient to become managers. 很多人毕了业就迫不及待想当经理. * impatient for the summer holidays to come 热切盼望暑假到来.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) intolerant of sth 对某事物不能忍受:impatient of delay 对耽搁时间不能容忍. 
impatience
/ Im5peIFns; Im`peFEns/ n [U]: the government's growing impatience with the unions 政府对工会的容忍已逐渐接近极限. impatiently adv: We sat waiting impatiently for the film to start. 我们乾坐著, 焦躁地等著电影开场.
impeach
/ Im5pi:tF; Im`pitF/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (forsth) accuse (a public official or politician) of committing a serious crime, esp one against the State 控告（公职人员或政治家）犯罪（尤指有害国家的）; 弹劾: The committeedecided to impeach the President. 委员会决定弹劾总统. * impeach a judge for taking bribes 控告法官受贿.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) raise doubts about (sth); question 对（某事物）怀疑; 提出异议: impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机.
impeachable 
adj (of a crime) for which a public official or politician can be impeached （指罪行）可提出控告或弹劾的: an impeachable offence 可弹劾的过失.
impeachment 
n [U].
impeccable
/ Im5pekEbl; Im`pZkEbl/ adj free from mistakes; excellent or faultless 无错误的; 极好的; 无瑕疵的: Your English is impeccable! 你的英语十分好! * impeccable behaviour, manners, style, etc 完美的品行、 礼貌、 风格等. 
impeccably
/ -blI; -blI/ adv: He was impeccably dressed for the occasion. 他的穿著在那种场合非常得体.
impecunious
/ 9ImpI5kju:nIEs; 9ImpI`kjunIEs/ adj (fml 文) having little or no money 一贫如洗的; 不名一文的.
impecuniously 
adv. 
impecuniousness 
n [U].
impedance
/ Im5pi:dEns; Im`pidns/ n [U] resistance of an electric circuit to the flow of alternating current 阻抗.
impede
/ Im5pi:d; Im`pid/ v [Tn] hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of (sb/sth) 阻碍, 妨碍, 阻止（某人[某事物]）: The development of the project was seriouslyimpeded by a reduction in funds. 由於基金削减工程进度严重受阻.
impediment
/ Im5pedImEnt; Im`pZdEmEnt/ n  1 ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that hinders or obstructs the progress or movement of sth 妨碍、 阻碍某事物进展或活动的人或物: The main impediment to growth was a lack of capital. 影响发展的主要障碍是缺乏资本.  2 physical disability of a specified type; defect 身体上的某类残疾; 缺陷: a speech impediment, eg a lisp or a stammer 言语障碍（如口齿不清或口吃）.
impedimenta
/ Im9pedI5mentE; 9ImpZdE`mZntE/ n [pl](fml or joc 文或谑) baggage and other supplies that slow down an army on a long journey 妨碍军队长途行进的行李、 装备等重负: He came with his wife, six children, four dogs and various other impedimenta. 他来时携妻子、 六个孩子、 四条狗以及各式各样的累赘什物.
impel
/ Im5pel; Im`pZl/ v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) force or urge sb to do sth 推动、 推进、 驱策或敦促某人做某事物: Impelled by feelings of guilt, John wrote to apologize. 约翰有感愧疚, 於是写信道歉. * The President's speech impelled the nation to greater efforts. 总统的讲话激励国民更加努力. * I felt impelled to investigate the matter further. 我觉得自己有责任对事情作进一步调查. Cf 参看 compel.
impending
/ Im5pendIN; Im`pZndIN/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] about to happen; imminent 即将发生的; 迫在眉睫的; 行将到来的: his impending arrival, departure, retirement, visit, etc 他即将到达、 离去、 退休、 出访等.
impenetrable
/ Im5penItrEbl; Im`pZnEtrEbl/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) that cannot be entered, passed through, etc 不能通过的; 不可穿越的; 透不过的: an impenetrable jungle, swamp, fortress, etc 无法通过的丛林、 无法经过的沼泽、 不可　越的要塞 * impenetrable darkness, fog, etc, ie that cannot be seen through 一片漆黑、 浓雾重锁 * (fig 比喻) his impenetrable ignorance 无法启迪的愚昧.  2 impossible to understand or solve 不可理解的; 无法解决的: an impenetrable difficulty, mystery, problem, etc 无可克服的困难、 难解之谜、 百思莫解的问题 * This history book is completely impenetrable to me. 这本历史书我完全看不懂. 
impenetrability
/ Im9penItrE5bIlEtI; Im9pZnEtrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
impenetrably
/ -blI;-blI/ adv.
impenitent
/ Im5penItEnt; Im`pZnEtEnt/ adj (fml 文) not sorry for or ashamed of one's misdoings; not penitent不知悔悟的; 不觉羞耻的. 
impenitence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
impenitently 
adv.
imperative
/ Im5perEtIv; Im`pZrEtIv/ adj  1 [usu pred通常作表语] very urgent or important; needing immediate attention 紧急; 重要; 需要立即处理: It is imperative that we make a quick decision. 我们要尽快做出决定.  2 expressing a command; authoritative 命令式的; 必须服从的; 专断的; 权威的: an imperative tone of voice that had to be obeyed 必须服从的命令腔调.  3 (grammar) of the verb form that expresses a command 祈使的: `Go!' is in the imperative mood. `Go!'是祈使语气的句子. Cf 参看 indicative, infinitive, subjunctive.
imperative 
n  1 (grammar) (verb in the) mood2 that expresses a command 祈使语气（的动词）: In `Go away!' the verb is in the imperative. 在`Go away!'中用的是祈使语气的动词. * `Go!' is an imperative. `Go!'是祈使语气的动词.  2 thing that is essential or urgent 必要的事; 紧急的事; 必须履行的责任; 需要; 必要性: Survival is our first imperative. 我们当务之急是设法生存下来. * a moral imperative 道德上的责任.
imperatively 
adv.
imperceptible
/ 9ImpE5septEbl; 9ImpL`sZptEbl/ adj that cannot be noticed or felt because so small, slight or gradual （因细小、 轻微、 渐变）觉察不出的, 感觉不到的, 些微的: an imperceptible change in temperature 温度的难以察觉的变化 * an almost imperceptible shift of opinion 几乎觉察不到的意见上的改变. 
imperceptibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: Almost imperceptibly her expression changed. 她的表情有些变化, 但轻微得几乎觉察不到.
imperfect
/ Im5p\:fIkt; Im`p[fIkt/ adj  1 faulty or defective; not perfect 有缺点的; 有瑕疵的; 残缺的; 不完美的: an imperfect copy 残本 * imperfect knowledge, understanding, etc of sth 对某事物的不完备的知识、 不透彻的理解等.  2 [attrib 作定语] (grammar) of the verb tense that expresses incomplete action in the past (more usually called continuous or progressive) 动词的过去未完成时态（通常多称过去进行时态）: the imperfect tenses in French 法语的过去未完成时态.
imperfect 
n the imperfect [sing] (grammar) (verb in the) tense that expresses incomplete action in the past; continuous aspect （表示过去未完成行为的）过去未完成时态（的动词）; 进行体: `I was speaking' is in the imperfect. `I was speaking'是过去未完成时态.
imperfection
/ 9ImpE5fekFn; 9ImpL`fZkFEn/ n  1 [U] being imperfect 不完美: My father never tolerated imperfection. 我父亲要求一切事情非尽善尽美不可.  2 [C] fault or defect that makes sb/sth imperfect; blemish 缺点; 瑕疵: The only slight imperfection in this painting is a scratch in the corner. 这幅画唯一的小疵是在角落里有一道划痕. * the house's structural imperfections 房子结构上的缺陷.
imperfectly 
adv.
imperial
/ Im5pIErIEl; Im`pIrIEl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of an empire or its ruler(s) 帝国的; 帝王的; 皇帝的: the imperial palace, guards, servants 皇宫、 皇家卫士、 皇帝的侍从 * imperial power, trade 皇权、 帝国的贸易. (b) like or characteristic of such rulers; majestic 至高无上的; 帝王般的; 威严的: with imperial generosity 宽宏大量地.  2 [attrib 作定语] belonging to a legal non-metric system of weights and measures formerly used in the United Kingdom for all goods and still used for certain goods 英制的（非公制的度量衡制, 旧时用於所有物品, 现仍用於某些物品）: an imperial pint, gallon, pound, etc 英制品脱、 加仑、 磅等. 
imperially
/-rIElI; -rIElI/ adv.
imperialism
/ Im5pIErIElIzEm; Im`pIrIEl9IzEm/ n [U](usu derog 通常作贬义) (belief in the) policy of extendinga country's power and influence in the world through diplomacy or military force, and esp by acquiring colonies 帝国主义; 帝国主义政策.
imperialist
/ Im5pIErIElIst; Im`pIrIElIst/ n (usuderog 通常作贬义) person who supports or believes in imperialism 帝国主义者: [attrib 作定语] imperialist policies 帝国主义政策.
imperialistic
/ Im9pIErIE5lIstIk; Im9pIrIEl`IstIk/ adj.
imperil
/ Im5perEl; Im`pZrEl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] (fml 文) put (sb/sth) in danger; endanger 使（某人[某事物]）陷於危险; 危及: The security of the country had been imperilled. 国家安全处於危险之中.
imperious
/ Im5pIErIEs; Im`pIrIEs/ adj (fml 文) proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience 傲慢的; 飞扬跋扈的; 专横的: an imperious look, command, gesture 飞扬跋扈的样子、 专横的命令、 傲慢的姿势. 
imperiously 
adv: The envoys were dismissed imperiously.傲慢地令各国使者散去. 
imperiousness 
n [U].
imperishable
/ Im5perIFEbl; Im`pZrIFEbl/ adj (fml 文) that will not decay; that will never disappear 不腐烂的; 不灭的: imperishable goods 不腐烂的商品 * (fig 比喻) imperishable glory 不朽的光荣.
impermanent
/ Im5p\:mEnEnt; Im`p[mEnEnt/ adj (fml 文) not permanent; temporary 非永久的; 暂时的. 
impermanence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U].
impermeable
/ Im5p\:mIEbl; Im`p[mIEbl/ adj (of a substance) not allowing a liquid to pass through （指物质）不容液体渗透的, 不透水的: an impermeable membrane 不渗透的膜. Cf 参看 permeable (permeate).
impermissible
/ 9ImpE5mIsEbl; 9ImpL`mIsEbl/ adj (fml 文) not allowed or permitted 不允许的; 不许可的.
impersonal
/ Im5p\:sEnl; Im`p[snl/ adj  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) not influenced by, showing or involving human feelings 不受个人情感影响的; 冷淡的; 没有人情味的; 不牵涉个人感情的: a vast impersonal organization庞大而无人情味的组织 * a cold impersonal stare 冷冷的凝视 * Giving people time to get to know one another will make the meeting less impersonal. 让大家有时间互相了解一下, 会议的气氛就能亲切些.  2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) not referring to any particular person; objective 非特指某一个人的; 客观的: an impersonal discussion 客观的讨论. 
impersonally
/ -sEnElI;-snElI/ adv.
impersonate
/ Im5p\:sEneIt; Im`p[sn9et/ v [Tn]  1 pretend to be (another person) in order to entertain others 扮演, 饰演（他人）: He can impersonate many well-known politicians. 他能饰演许多著名政治家的角色.  2 imitate the behaviour of (another person) in order to deceive others 模仿, 假冒（他人）（藉以行骗）: He was caught trying to impersonate a military officer. 他企图冒充军官, 但当场被抓获.
impersonation
/ Im9p\:sE5neIFn; 9Imp[sn`eFEn/ n [C, U]: He does some brilliant impersonations of the president. 他扮演总统有些地方十分出色.
impersonator 
n person who impersonates other people （模仿他人的）演员; 扮演他人的人; 假冒他人的人: a famous female impersonator, ie a man who impersonates women on the stage 著名的男扮女装的演员.
impertinent
/ Im5p\:tInEnt; Im`p[tnEnt/ adj ~ (to sb) not respectful; rude 不礼貌的; 粗鲁的; 不敬的: impertinent remarks 粗鲁的言语 * an impertinent child 没有礼貌的孩子 * It would be impertinent to suggest that he was always wrong. 说他从无是处未免不够礼貌. 
impertinence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词]: I've had enough of your impertinence. 你太没礼貌, 我已经受够了. 
impertinently 
adv.
imperturbable
/ 9ImpE5t\:bEbl; 9ImpL`t[bEbl/ adj not easily troubled or worried; calm 不易受搅扰的; 不易发愁的; 冷静的: She was one of those imperturbable people who never get angry or upset. 她是那种从不生气也不烦恼的人. 
imperturbability
/ 9ImpE9t\:bE5bIlEtI;9ImpL9t[bE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
imperturbably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
impervious
/ Im5p\:vIEs; Im`p[vIEs/ adj ~ (to sth)  1 not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through 不容液体、 气体等透过的; 不能渗透的: This material is impervious to rain-water. 这种材料防雨.  2 not affected or influenced by sth 不受某事物影响的; 无动於衷的: impervious to criticism, argument, fear 对批评我行我素的、 对争论不闻不问的、 将恐惧置之度外的.
impetigo
/ 9ImpI5taIgEU; 9ImpI`taI^o/ n [U] type of contagious skin disease that causes crusty yellow sores 脓孢病（一种传染性皮肤病）.
impetuous
/ Im5petFUEs; Im`pZtFJEs/ adj acting or done quickly and with little thought or care; rash or impulsive 轻率的; 鲁莽的; 冲动的: an impetuous young man 易冲动的年轻人 * impetuous behaviour 鲁莽的行为 * It would be foolish and impetuous to resign over such a small matter. 为这样的小事辞职未免愚蠢而轻率了. 
impetuosity
/ Im9petFU5CsEtI; 9ImpZtFJ`BsEtI/ n [U]. 
impetuously 
adv.
impetus
/ 5ImpItEs; `ImpEtEs/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (to sth/to do sth) thing that encourages a process to develop more quickly 推动; 刺激; 促进: The treaty gave (a) fresh impetus to trade. 这条约使双方的贸易又推进了一步.  2 [U] force with which sth moves 推动力.
impiety
/ Im5paIEtI; Im`paIEtI/ n (a) [U] lack of respect, esp for God and religion 不敬, 不恭（尤指对上帝和宗教）. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] act, remark, etc showing a lack of such respect 不敬的行为、 言论等（尤指对上帝和宗教）.
impinge
/ Im5pIndV; Im`pIndV/ v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) have an effect on sth 对某事物起作用或有影响: In his sleepy state, the sound of a car driving up to the house scarcely impinged on his consciousness. 他困得那副样子, 连汽车朝那房子开去时发出的声音都没能使他清醒.
impious
/ 5ImpIEs; `ImpIEs/ adj (fml 文) showing a lack of respect, esp for God and religion; not pious 不敬的, 不恭的（尤指对上帝和宗教）. 
impiously 
adv.
impish
/ 5ImpIF; `ImpIF/ adj of or like an imp; mischievous（似）顽童的; 顽皮的; 恶作剧的. 
impishly 
adv. 
impishness 
n [U].
implacable
/ Im5plAkEbl; Im`plAkEbl/ adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不能变动的; 无法平息或安抚的: implacable hatred, fury, opposition 无法消解的仇恨、 愤怒、 对立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 势不两立的敌人、 竞争对手等. 
implacably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: implacably opposed to the plan 坚决反对该计画.
implant
/ Im5plB:nt; ?@ -5plAnt; Im`plAnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth)  1 deliberately introduce or fix (ideas, etc) into a person's mind 灌输, 注入（思想等）: implant religious beliefs in young children 向青少年灌输宗教信仰.  2 insert (tissue, etc) into a part of the body 在身体某部植入、 埋置、 嵌入（组织等）; 移植: In this operation the surgeons implant a new lens (in the eye). 医生在这次手术中给病人（眼球）植入了新的水晶体.
implant
/ 5ImplB:nt; ?@ -plAnt; `Im9plAnt/ n [C] thing that has been implanted in the body （植入身体中的）移植物.
implantation
/ 9ImplB:n5teIFn; ?@ -plAnt-; 9ImplAn`teFEn/ n [U].
implausible
/ Im5plR:zEbl; Im`plRzEbl/ adj unlikely to be true; not convincing 不像真实的; 难以置信的; 说服不了人的: an implausible story, excuse, theory, etc 不像真实的故事、 不可信的藉口、 悖於情理的说法. Cf 参看 plausible.
implement
/ 5ImplImEnt; `ImplEmEnt/ n tool or instrument 工具; 器具: farm implements 农具 * Man's earliest implements were carved from stone and bone. 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头制成的. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.
implement
/ 5ImplIment; `ImplE9mZnt/ v [Tn] put (sth) into effect; carry out 使（某事物）生效; 履行; 实施; 贯彻: implement plans, policies, a programme of reforms,etc 执行计画、 政策、 改革计画等. 
implementation
/ 9ImplImen5teIFn; 9ImplEmZn`teFEn/ n [U].
implicate
/ 5ImplIkeIt; `ImplI9ket/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crime 显示某人牵连於某事（尤指罪行）; 涉及: His enemies tried to implicate him (in the murder). 他的仇人竭力想把他牵扯进谋杀案中. * He was deeply implicated (ie involved) in the plot. 他与该阴谋牵涉颇深.
implication
/ 9ImplI5keIFn; 9ImplI`keFEn/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (for sb/sth) thing that is suggested or implied; thingnot openly stated 含意; 暗示; 暗指: Study the implications of the president's statement. 研究总统声明的含义. * The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting. 这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示. * Failure to say `No' may, by implication, be taken to mean `Yes'. 没表示否定, 其含义可能理解为是肯定的.  2 [U] involving or being involved, esp in a crime 卷入, 牵连（尤指於罪行中）: The trial resulted in the implication of several major figures in the organization. 审讯结果表明这个组织中几个主要人物都牵连在案.
implicit
/ Im5plIsIt; Im`plIsIt/ adj  1 ~ (in sth) implied, but not expressed directly; not explicit 含蓄的; 不直接表明的; 不明确的: implicit assumptions 含蓄的假定 * an implicit threat 暗示的恫吓 * obligations which are implicit in the contract 合同中未直接载明的责任.  2 unquestioning and absolute 无疑问的; 绝对的: I have implicit faith in your abilities. 我完全相信你的能力. 
implicitly 
adv: trust sb implicitly 绝对信任某人.
implode
/ Im5plEUd; Im`plod/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) burst or collapse inwards （使某事物）向心聚爆, 内爆: The light bulb imploded. 这灯泡是向内侧爆裂的. Cf 参看 explode 1. 
implosion
/ Im5plEUVn; Im`ploVEn/ n [C, U].
implore
/ Im5plR:(r); Im`plRr/ v [Tn, Dn.t] ask or beg (sb) earnestly; beseech 恳求或乞求（某人）; 哀求: `Help me,' he implored. ｀救救我吧,＇他哀求道. * implore sb's forgiveness, mercy, etc 乞求某人原谅、 宽恕等 * They implored her to stay. 他们恳求她留下. =>Usage at ask用法见ask. 
imploring 
adj: She gave him an imploring look. 她以哀求的眼神看著他. 
imploringly 
adv.
imply
/ Im5plaI; Im`plaI/ v (pt, pp implied)  1 [Tn, Tf] suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint 含有...的意思; 暗示; 暗指: His silence implied agreement. 他沉默不语意味著同意了. * implied criticism 暗含的批评 * I don't wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了.  2 [Tn] suggest (sth) as a logical consequence; entail 必然包含（某事物）; 使（某事物）必然产生或有必要: Freedom does not necessarily imply responsibility. 自由不一定包含著责任. * The fact she was here implies a degree of interest. 她当时在场, 这一事实就意味著她有一定程度的兴趣. Cf 参看 infer.
impolite
/ 9ImpE5laIt; 9ImpE`laIt/ adj rude; not polite 粗鲁的; 不礼貌的: Some people still think it is impolite for men not to stand up when a woman comes into the room. 有些人仍然认为妇女进屋时男子不起立是有失礼貌的. 
impolitely 
adv. 
impoliteness 
n [U].
impolitic
/ Im5pClEtIk; Im`pBlEtIk/ adj (fml 文) not wise; not politic 不明智的; 不当的; 失策的: It might be impolitic to refuse his offer. 谢绝他的好意未免失策.
imponderable
/ Im5pCndErEbl; Im`pBndErEbl/ adj of which the effect or importance cannot be measured or estimated （作用或重要性）无法衡量的, 无法估计的.
imponderable 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, eg a quality or an emotion, that is imponderable 无法估量的事物（如性质或感情）: the great imponderables of love and power 爱情与权力, 极难衡量的事物.
import
/ Im5pR:t; Im`pRrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...);~ sth (into...) bring (goods, ideas, etc) from a foreign country into one's own country 进口, 输入, 引进（货物、 思想等）: The country has to import most of its raw materials. 这个国家原料大部分靠进口. * cars imported from Japan 从日本进口的汽车 * meat imported (into the United Kingdom) 进口（到英国）的肉 * the latest pop music imported from America 从美国传入的最新流行乐曲. Cf 参看 export2.
importation
/ 9ImpR:5teIFn; 9ImpRr`teFEn/ n [U, C]: a ban on the importation of drugs 禁止毒品进口的法令.
importer 
n person, company, etc that imports goods or services 从事进口商品或服务的人或公司: the country's largest importer of tobacco 全国最大的烟草进口商.
import
/ 5ImpR:t; `ImpRrt/ n  1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] imported goods, services, etc 进口货; 引进的劳务等: Britain's food imports (from the rest of the world) 英国（从世界各地）进口的食物 * restrict cheap foreign imports限制廉价外国进口货.  2 [U] action of importing goods 进口; 输入; 引入: the import of coal 煤炭的进口 * tariffs on the import of manufactured goods 工业品的进口税* [attrib 作定语] import controls 进口管制. Cf 参看 export1.
import
/ Im5pR:t; Im`pRrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) mean or convey sth (to sb) （对某人）意味著某事物或传达某事物: What did these developments import to them? 这些新情况对他们来说意味著什麽呢?
import
/ 5ImpR:t; `ImpRrt/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] importance or significance 重要性; 意义: matters of no great import 无关宏旨的事.  2 [sing] meaning (of sth), esp when not directly stated （某事物的）意思（尤指未直接说明的）: the hidden import of his speech 他话中的言外之意.
important
/ Im5pR:tnt; Im`pRrtnt/ adj  1 ~ (to sb/sth) very serious and significant; of great value or concern 重要的; 重大的; 非常有价值的: an important decision, announcement, meeting 重要的决定、 宣布、 会议 * It is vitally important to cancel the order immediately. 最重要的是要立即取消这一定单. * It is important that students (should) attend/for students to attend all the lectures. 所有的课学生都应该去听, 这是很重要的. * They need more money now but, more important, they need long-term help. 目前他们需要更多的钱, 不过更重要的是他们需要长期的援助. * It's important to me that you should be there. 你应该在场, 这对我来说很重要.  2 (of a person) having great influence or authority; influential （指人）有很大影响或权威的: She was clearly an important person. 她显然是个有影响的人. * It's not as if he was very important in the company hierarchy. 他在公司的领导层中似乎无多大权力.
importance
/ -tns; -tns/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) being important; significance or value 重要性; 重大; 有价值: the importance of industry to the economy 工业对经济的重要性 * They attached very great importance to the project, ie They considered it to be very important. 他们对这项目极为重视. * a matter of the utmost political importance 有重大政治意义的事情 * These issues now assume even greater importance. 这些问题现在就显得更加重要了.  2 (idm 习语) full of one's own importance => full.
importantly 
adv: strut about importantly 神气十足地昂首阔步 * More importantly, can he be depended on? 更重要的是, 可以依靠他吗?
importunate
/ Im5pR:tFUnEt; Im`pRrtFEnEt/ adj (fml 文) persistent, esp in making requests or demands 坚持的（尤指提出请求或要求时）: an importunate beggar 缠著讨要的乞丐. 
importunately 
adv. 
importunity
/ 9ImpR:5tju:nEtI; 9ImpL`tjunEtI/ n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数]: irritated by his constant importunities 被他没完没了的强求所激怒.
importune
/ 9ImpR:5tju:n; 9ImpRr`tjun/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) ask sb persistently (for sth), usu in an annoying manner; beg or demand insistently 一再向某人要求（某事物）（尤指令人厌烦）: importune one's creditors for an extension of the borrowing period/to extend the borrowing period 再三乞求债权人延长借贷期限.  2 [I, Tn] (of a prostitute) attempt to attract (clients) （指妓女或男妓）拉（客）: arrested for importuning 因拉客被捕.
impose
/ Im5pEUz; Im`poz/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) (a) place (a penalty, tax, etc) officially on sb/sth 加（惩罚等）於某人; 对某物课（税）: impose a fine, sentence, term of imprisonment, etc 罚款、 判处刑期、 予以监禁 * impose a further tax on wines and spirits 对果酒及烈性酒进一步加税. (b) place (sth unwelcome or unpleasant) on sb/sth; inflict sth 将（不愉快的、 不受欢迎的事物）强加於某人[某事物]: impose one's rule (on a people) 将统治强加（於一民族） * impose restrictions, limitations, restraints, etc (on trade) （对贸易）强行管制、 限制、 约束等.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) try to make sb accept (an opinion or a belief); inflict sth 使某人接受（意见或信仰）; 将某事物强加於: She imposed her ideas on the group. 她竭力把自己的想法强加於全组的人.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (on sb) force sb to accept (oneself, one's company, etc) 强迫某人接纳（自己等）; 硬要与某人在一起: She'd never think of imposing herself. 她决不想勉强别人接纳自己. * He imposed his presence on us for the weekend. 他硬要跟我们一起过周末.  4 (phr v) impose on/upon sb/sth win a favour from sb, esp by using undue pressure 赢得某人的欢心, 占某人便宜（尤指施加不当的压力）: I hope it's not imposing on you/your hospitality, but could I stay to dinner? 我可以在您这儿吃顿饭吗? 不过希望不要使您为难[觉得我不知趣].
imposing 
adj impressive in appearance or manner; grand （外表或举止）壮观的; 令人印象深刻的: an imposing facade, building, person, personality 宏伟的外观、 雄伟的建筑、 威严的人、 突出的个性. 
imposingly 
adv.
imposition
/ 9ImpE5zIFn; 9ImpE`zIFEn/ n ~ (on sb/sth)  1 [U] action of imposing 强加; （税等的）徵收; （惩罚等的）施加: The imposition of the tax on books caused a sharp rise in price. 对书籍课税造成书价急剧上涨.  2 [C] unfair or unpleasant thing that sb is obliged to accept 被迫接受的不公正、 不愉快的事物: I'd like to stay if it's not too much of an imposition (on you). 要是不致（给你）添太多的麻烦的话, 我倒是愿意留下.
impossible
/ Im5pCsEbl; Im`pBsEbl/ adj  1 that cannot be done or exist; not possible 不可能做到或存在的; 不可能的: It's impossible for me to be there before 8.00p.m. 要我晚上8点之前赶到那儿是根本办不到的. * It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately. 精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的. * an almost impossible task 几乎无法完成的任务 * It's an impossible story, ie it cannot be believed. 这不可能是真事.  2 very difficult to bear; hopeless 难以忍受的; 无希望的: an impossible situation 绝境 * Their son is impossible, eg He is very badly behaved. 他们的儿子无可救药（他品行极坏）.
impossibility
/ Im9pCsE5bIlEtI; 9ImpCsE`bIlEtI/ n [U, C]: the impossibility of any improvement 无改进之可能 * a logical impossibility 逻辑上不可能的事.
the impossible 
n [sing] thing that cannot be achieved 不可能做到的事情: ask for, want, attempt, do the impossible 要求、 想要、 尽力做、 做不可能办到的事物.
impossibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: impossibly difficult 极其困难.
impostor
/ Im5pCstE(r); Im`pBstL/ n person pretending to be sb else, usu in order to deceive others 冒名顶替的人（通常为行骗）.
imposture
/ Im5pCstFE(r); Im`pBstFL/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (action of) deliberately deceiving by pretending to be sb else 冒名顶替（行骗）.
impotent
/ 5ImpEtEnt; `ImpEtEnt/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] unable to take effective action; powerless or helpless 不能采取有效行动; 无能为力: Without the chairman's support, the committee is impotent. 没有主席的支持, 委员会是无能为力的.  2 (of men) unable to have sexual intercourse or reach an orgasm （指男子）阳痿的, 不能性交的, 不能达到性高潮的.
impotence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] being impotent 无能为力; 阳痿: political impotence 政治上的无能 * fear of impotence 对阳痿的恐惧.
impotently 
adv.
impound
/ Im5paUnd; Im`paJnd/ v [Tn]  1 take legal possession of (sth) 依法没收, 扣押（某物）: impound goods, property, belongings, etc 扣留货物、 财产、 财物等.  2 put (an illegally parked car or a stray animal) in a pound(2) until it is claimed 将（违章停放的汽车或走失的动物）暂存待领.
impoverish
/ Im5pCvErIF; Im`pBvErIF/ v [Tn]  1 make (sb) poor 使（某人）贫困: an elderly impoverished writer 穷困的老作家.  2 make (sth) poorer or worse in quality 使（某物）贫瘠或恶化: Heavy rain and excessive use have impoverished the soil. 这土地因遭暴雨侵蚀及使用过度已贫瘠不堪. * Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend. 若不是得识我们这位好朋友, 我们的生活一定十分不妙. 
impoverishment 
n [U].
impracticable
/ Im5prAktIkEbl; Im`prAktIkEbl/ adj impossible to put into practice; not practicable 不能实行的: an impracticable scheme 行不通的计画. 
impracticability
/ Im9prAktIkE5bIlEtI; 9ImprAktIkE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
impracticably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
impractical
/ Im5prAktIkl; Im`prAktIkl/ adj  1 not sensible, useful or realistic 不切实际的; 无用的; 不现实的: It was impractical to think that we could build the house in one month. 以为我们用一个月的时间就能把房子盖好, 这种想法不切合实际.  2 not skilled at doingpractical work 不善做实际工作的: an academically cleverbut totally impractical young man 学有专长但毫无实际工作能力的年轻男子. 
impracticality
/ Im9prktI5klEtI; Im9prAktI`kAlEtI/ n [U, C]. 
impractically
/-klI; -klI/ adv.
imprecation
/ 9ImprI5keIFn; 9ImprI`keFEn/ n (fml 文) oath or curse 起誓; 诅咒: mutter imprecations 低声诅咒.
imprecise
/ 9ImprI5saIs; 9ImprI`saIs/ adj not exact or accurate; not correctly or clearly stated; not precise 不精 确的; 不确切的; 不明确的; 不准确的: imprecise thoughts,statements, measurements 含混的想法、 不确切的说法、 不精确的量度. 
imprecisely 
adv. 
imprecision
/ 9ImprI5sIVn; 9ImprI`sIVEn/ n [U]: imprecision in his use of legal terms 他在法律术语的使用上之不确.
impregnable
/ Im5pregnEbl; Im`prZ^nEbl/ adj (a) so strong and well-constructed that it cannot be entered orcaptured 坚固得不能进入或无法占领的: an impregnable fortress 坚不可摧的要塞. (b) (fig 比喻) so strong that it cannot be overcome or broken down 无法征服的; 压不倒摧不垮的: impregnable arguments, defences, reserve 驳不倒的论点、 有理有据的辩护、 无法改变的拘谨. 
impregnability
/ Im9pregnE5bIlEtI; 9ImprZ^nE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
impregnably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
impregnate
/ 5ImpregneIt; ?@ Im5preg-; Im`prZ^net/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (a) cause (one substance) to be filled in every part with another substance; saturate sth 使（一物质）中充满另一物质; 使某物浸透或饱和: water impregnated with salt 饱和的盐水. (b) cause sth to be affected or influenced in every part by sth 使某事物的各方面受他事物的作用或影响: The drawing is impregnated with the artist's personality. 这幅画充分体现了作者的个性.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) fertilize (an egg or ovum) with sperm or pollen; make pregnant 使（卵）受精; 使怀孕; 使妊娠.
impresario
/ 9ImprI5sB:rIEU; 9ImprI`sBrI9o/ n manager or director of a ballet, concert, theatre or opera company （芭蕾舞剧团、 音乐会、 剧院或歌剧团的）经理或指挥.
impress
/ Im5pres; Im`prZs/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) have a favourable effect on sb; make sb feel admiration and respect 给予某人深刻印象; 使某人钦佩而起敬: The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象. * The girl impressed her fiance's family with her liveliness and sense of humour. 姑娘又活泼又富幽默感, 未婚夫家人十分喜欢她. * We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高, 我们极为钦佩.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on/upon sb fix sth in sb's mind; make sb keenly aware of sth 使某人铭记某事物; 使某人深深意识到某事物: His words impressed themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里. * The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 经理让办公室职员认识到做精确记录的重要性.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) press sth hard into a soft surface, leaving a mark 用硬物压入软物表面而留下痕迹; 盖印: designs impressed on/in wax 在蜡板上压印出的图样.
impress
/ 5Impres; `ImprZs/ n (fml 文) mark left by pressing sth hard, eg a seal, into a soft surface 压痕, 印记（如印章的印记）.
impression
/ Im5preFn; Im`prZFEn/ n  1 ~ (on sb) deep lasting effect on the mind or feelings of sb 印象;感想: His first speech as president made a strong impression on his audience. 他当会长後的第一次演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象. * create an unfavourable impression 产生不利的影响.  2 (esp sing 尤作单数) ~ (of sth/doing sth/that...) (unclear or uncertain) idea, feeling or opinion （不清晰的或不确切的）想法, 感觉, 看法: My general impression was that he seemed a pleasant man. 我总的印象是他似乎很和蔼可亲. * I had the distinct impression that I was being followed. 我清楚地感觉到有人跟踪我. * one's first impressions of (ie one's immediate reaction to) the new headmaster 对新校长的初步印象 * He gives the impression of being a hard worker/that he works hard, ie It seems as if he works hard. 他给人的印象是工作很努力. * `I always thought you were a nurse.' `I wonder how you got that impression?' ｀我一向以为你是护士呢.＇｀不知道你这个想法从何而来?＇  3 appearance or effect of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的外貌、 影响或作用:The room's lighting conveys an impression of spaciousness.这个房间的照明给人以宽敞的感觉.  4 ~ (of sb) funny imitation of the behaviour or way of talking of a well-known person （对名人言谈举止的）滑稽的模仿: The students did some marvellous impressions of the teachers at the end-of-term party. 在期末联欢会上, 学生模仿教师惟妙惟肖令人捧腹.  5 mark left by pressing an object hard into a surface 将一物压在另一物上留下的印记: the impression of a leaf in a fossil 化石中一片叶子留下的痕迹. =>illus 见插图.  6 reprint of a book made with few or no alterations to its contents （书的）重印, 再次印刷（内容无甚更动或不作更动）: the fifth impression 第五次印刷. Cf 参看 edition 2. 7 (idm 习语) be under the impression that... have the (usu mistaken) idea that... 有某种（通常指错误的）想法...: I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我以为你明天才来呢.
impressionism
/ -FEnIzEm; -FEn9IzEm/ n (usu 通常作 Impressionism) [U] style of painting developed in France in the late 19th century that creates the general impression of a subject by using the effects of colour and light, without realistic detail 印象主义, 印象派（绘画风格, 19世纪下半叶兴於法国, 主张用颜色及光线效果对物体作总体化描绘, 不著眼於实体细节）. impressionist/ -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n  1 (usu 通常作 Impressionist) artist who paints in the style of Impressionism 印象派画家.  2 person who does impressions (impression 4) of other people 用滑稽方式模仿名流的人.  adj (usu 通常作 Impressionist) of or relating to the style of Impressionism 印象派的; 印象主义的: Impressionist painters, works, exhibitions 印象派画家、 作品、 画展. impressionistic giving a general idea rather than specific facts or detailed knowledge 给人以一般印象的; 不涉及事实或细节的: a purely impressionistic description of the incident 对事情作的纯凭印象的描叙.
impressionable
/ Im5preFEnEbl; Im`prZFEnEbl/ adj easily influenced or affected 易受影响的: children at an impressionable age 处在易受外界影响年龄期的儿童 * impressionable young people 易受影响的年轻人. 
impressionability
/ Im9preFEnE5bIlEtI; Im`prZFEnE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
impressive
/ Im5presIv; Im`prZsIv/ adj having a strong effect on sb, esp through size, grandeur, or importance 给人以深刻印象的（尤指因巨大、 壮观或重要）: an impressive ceremony, building, speech, performance 令人难忘的仪式、 建筑、 讲话、 演出 * His collection of paintings is most impressive. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止. 
impressively 
adv. 
impressiveness 
n [U].
imprimatur
/ 9ImprI5meItE(r), -5mB:tE(r); 9ImprI`mBtL/ n (a) official permission to print a book, esp as given by the Roman Catholic Church 准予印行令（尤指天主教会颁发的）. (b) (fig 比喻) permission or approval 批准; 认可; 同意: give the scheme one's imprimatur 对计画表示同意.
imprint
/ Im5prInt; Im`prInt/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth in/on sth (a) press (sth hard) onto a surface, leaving an impression or mark 将（硬物）压在某物上留下痕迹; 压印; 印: imprint one's hand in soft cement 在未凝固的水泥上压手印. (b) (fig 比喻) fix sth firmly in sb's mind 铭记: details imprinted on his memory/mind 铭记於他的记忆中[头脑中]的细节详情.
imprint
/ 5ImprInt; `ImprInt/ n  1 ~ (in/on sth) mark made by pressing or stamping a surface 印迹; 痕迹: the imprint of a foot in the sand 沙滩上的足迹.  2(usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (on sb/sth) lasting characteristicmark or effect 持久的特徵、 标志或影响: Her face bore the deep imprint of suffering. 她的脸上带著受过苦难的深深的痕迹.  3 name and address of the publisher, usu printed on the title-page of a book 出版者的名称和地址（通常印在书名页上）.
imprinting
/ Im5prIntIN; Im`prIntIN/ n [U] learning process in which young animals recognize and have a strong attachment to members of their own species, esp their mothers 铭印, 铭记, 印随（幼小动物的学习形式, 指辨识同类并产生牢固的依附行为, 尤指依附其母）.
imprison
/ Im5prIzn; Im`prIzn/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) put or keep sb in or as if in prison 监禁某人; 似监禁般束缚某人: Several of the rioters were imprisoned for causing a disturbance. 有几个暴乱者因制造动乱被关押在狱. * conditions in which young mothers feel virtually imprisoned in their own homes 年轻的母亲感到的居家如坐牢一般的处境.
imprisonment
/ -mEnt; -mEnt/ n [U] state of being imprisoned 关押; 监禁; 坐牢: sentenced to one year's, ten years', life, etc imprisonment 被判处一年、 十年、 终身监禁等.
improbable
/ Im5prCbEbl; Im`prBbEbl/ adj not likely to be true or to happen; not probable 不大可能是真实的; 未必会发生的; 不大可能的: an improbable idea, event, result 不切实际的想法、 未必会发生的事情、 不太可能有的结果 * It is very/most improbable that the level of unemployment will fall. 失业率几无可能下降.
improbability
/ Im9prCbE5bIlEtI; Im9prBbE`bIlEtI/ n (a) [U] state of being improbable 不大可能; 未必能发生: the improbablity of his being recaptured 对他再行拘捕之不大可能. (b) [C] event that is improbable 不大可能的事; 未必能发生的事: Don't worry about such improbabilities as floods and earthquakes. 像洪水、 地震这类不大可能发生的事, 就不要担心了.
improbably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
impromptu
/ Im5prCmptju:; ?@ -tu:; Im`prBmptu/ adj, adv (done) without preparation, rehearsal or thought in advance 事先无准备（的）; 临时（的）; 即兴（的）; 即席（的）: an impromptu speech, news conference, performance,etc 即席讲话、 临时召开的记者招待会、 即兴表演 * He spoke impromptu. 他临时发了言.
impromptu 
n musical composition, etc that is or appears to be improvised 即兴曲: an impromptu by Schubert 舒伯特的即兴曲.
improper
/ Im5prCpE(r); Im`prBpL/ adj  1 wrong or incorrect 错误的; 不正确的: improper use of a tool, word, drug, etc 工具、 词、 药等的误用.  2 not suited or appropriate to the situation or circumstances; unseemly or indecent 不适合的; 不适当的; 不相宜的; 不得体的; 下流的: Laughing and joking are considered improper behaviour at a funeral. 在葬礼上发笑或开玩笑是失礼的行为.  3 dishonest; irregular 不正当的; 不诚实的; 不正规的: improper business practices 不正当的商业行为. Cf 参看 proper. 
improperly 
adv.
improper fraction 
numerical fraction in which the value above the line is greater than the value below theline 假分数, 如 -720-63 .Cf 参看 proper fraction (proper).
impropriety
/ 9ImprE5praIEtI; 9ImprE`praIEtI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] indecent or unsuitable behaviour; dishonest practice 下流的或不适当的行为; 不正当的做法: The investigation revealed no impropriety. 调查表明没有不正当的做法. (b) [C] instance of this 下流的或不适当的行为.
improve
/ Im5pru:v; Im`pruv/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become better （使某事物）改进, 改善: His work is improving slowly. 他的工作在慢慢改进. * Her health is gradually improving, ie after an illness. 她的健康状况逐渐好转. * The Post Office aims to improve its quality of service. 邮局锐意改善服务质量. * The fertility of the soil has been greatly improved by the use of pesticides. 土壤施用杀虫剂後肥力大增. * He studied harder to improve his French. 他更加努力提高法语水平. * a new improved washing-powder 经改进的新型洗衣粉.  2 (phr v) improve on/upon sth achieve or produce sth of a better standard or quality than sth else 改进或生产出比某物更好的事物: The German girl improved on her previous best performance in the 100 metres. 那个德国姑娘在100米比赛中刷新了自己以往最好的成绩. * This achievement has never been improved on. 这个成就从未有人超过.
improvement 
n  1 [C, U] ~ (on/in sth) action or process of improving; state of being improved 改进; 改善; 改良: cause a distinct/significant/marked improvementin working conditions 使工作环境有明显的[重大的/显著的]改善 * a slight, gradual, etc improvement in the weather 天气的轻微的、 逐渐的...好转 * This year's car is an improvement on (ie is better than) last year's model. 今年的汽车是去年型号的改进型. * There is room for further improvement in your English. 你的英语尚有进一步提高的余地.  2 [C] addition or alteration that improves sth or adds to its value （改进某事物或提高其价值的）增加或修改: home improvements 住宅的装修 * [attrib 作定语] a road improvement scheme 道路改善计画.
improvident
/ Im5prCvIdEnt; Im`prBvEdEnt/ adj (fml 文) not preparing for future needs; wasteful 不顾及将来需要的; 浪费的: improvident spending habits 不为将来打算的花钱习惯. 
improvidence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
improvidently 
adv.
improvise
/ 5ImprEvaIz; ?@ also 9ImprE5vaIz; `ImprE9vaIz, 9ImprE`vaIz/ v [I, Tn]  1 compose or play (music), speak or act without previous preparation （即兴地或即席地）创作、 演奏、 讲话、 表演等: The pianist forgot his music and had to improvise (the accompaniment). 弹钢琴的人把乐谱忘了, 只好即兴伴奏. * an improvised speech 即席的演讲.  2 make (sth) from whatever is available, without preparation （临时就现有的条件）做（某事物）: As we've not got the proper materials, we'll just have to improvise. 我们没有弄到合适的材料, 只好临时凑合了. * a hastily improvised meal 匆匆拼凑的一顿饭. 
improvisation
/ 9ImprEvaI5zeIFn; ?@ also Im9prCvE5zeIFn; 9ImprEvaI`zeFEn, Im9prBvE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].
imprudent
/ Im5pru:dnt; Im`prudnt/ adj (fml 文) not wise or discreet; not prudent 不智的; 不谨慎的;轻率的: It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another. （你）还没有得到新的工作就辞去现有的工作太不慎重了. 
imprudence
/ -ns; -ns/ n [U]. 
imprudently 
adv.
impudent
/ 5ImpjUdEnt; `ImpjJdEnt/ adj very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的; 放肆的; 无礼的; 不尊重的: an impudent child, grin, question 粗俗的孩子、 笑、 问题.
impudence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] being impudent; impudent behaviour or speech 粗鲁; 放肆; 无礼的言行: I've had enough of your impudence! 你这样放肆, 我已经受够了!
impudently 
adv.
impugn
/ Im5pju:n; Im`pjun/ v [Tn] (fml 文) express doubts about (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑: impugn sb's motives, actions, morals, etc 怀疑某人的动机、 行为、 品行等.
impulse
/ 5ImpQls; `ImpQls/ n  1 (a) [C] ~ (to do sth) sudden urge to act without thinking about the results 凭冲动行事（未顾及後果）; 突如其来的念头: He felt an irresistible impulse to jump. 他突然有个无法抗拒的冲动, 想跳下去. * check/curb/resist an impulse 抑制[约束/遏止]冲动. (b) [U] tendency to act in this way 好冲动行事: a man of impulse 易冲动的人.  2 [C] push or thrust; stimulus; impetus 推动; 冲力; 刺激; 推动力: give an impulse to industrial expansion 促进工业的扩展.  3 [C] stimulating force in a nerve or an electric circuit that causes a reaction 神经冲动; 电路脉冲: nerve impulses神经冲动.  4 (idm 习语) on impulse suddenly and without previous thinking or planning 一时冲动: On impulse, I picked up the phone and rang my sister in Australia. 我一时心血来潮, 拿起话筒就给在澳大利亚的妹妹打了个电话.
impulse buying 
buying goods on impulse 凭冲动购买货物.
impulsion
/ Im5pQlFn; Im`pQlFEn/ n [C] ~ (to do sth) (fml 文) strong urge (to do sth) （做某事的）强烈欲望: the impulsion to break away and make a new life 想脱离开, 去过一种新生活的强烈欲望.
impulsive
/ Im5pQlsIv; Im`pQlsIv/ adj (of people or their behaviour) marked by sudden action that is undertaken without careful thought （指人或人的行为）凭冲动的, 易冲动的, 由冲动造成的: an impulsive man, comment, decision, departure 易冲动的人、 一时冲动的评语、 在冲动中做出的决定、 在冲动下离去. 
impulsively
adv: react, behave impulsively 冲动地反应、 表现. 
impulsiveness 
n [U].
impunity
/ Im5pju:nEtI; Im`pjunEtI/ n (idm 习语) with impunity with freedom from punishment or injury 不受惩罚或伤害: You cannot break the law with impunity. 违法者必受惩罚.
impure
/ Im5pjUE(r); Im`pjJr/ adj  1 (dated 旧) morally wrong, esp in one's sexual behaviour 道德败坏的; （尤指）淫猥的: impure thoughts, motives, actions 淫秽的想 法、 动机、 举动.  2 not clean; dirty or contaminated 不洁的; 肮脏的; 污染的.  3 not consisting of one substance,but mixed with another substance of poorer quality 不纯的; 有杂质的: impure metals 不纯的金属.
impurity
/ Im5pjUErEtI; Im`pjJrEtI/ n  1 [U] state orquality of being impure 不纯; 不洁; 淫秽.  2 [C] substancepresent in another substance that makes it of poor quality 杂质: remove impurities from silver 去除银中的杂质.
impute
/ Im5pju:t; Im`pjut/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth(fml 文) put the responsibility for sth on sb/sth; attributesth to sb/sth 将某事物的责任加之於某人[某事物]; 将某事物归因於或归咎於某人[某事物]: He imputed the failure of his marriage to his wife's shortcomings. 他把婚姻的失败归咎於妻子的缺点.
imputation
/ 9Impju:teIFn; 9ImpjJ`teFEn/ n [U, C] (fml 文) action of imputing; accusation 归罪; 归咎; 非难: imputation of guilt 归罪.
in
/ In; In/ adv part (For special uses with many vs 与动词搭配的特殊用法, 如 come in, give in, see the v entries 见有关动词词条.)  1 (to a position) within a particular area or volume （指位置）在里面, 在内: The top drawer is the one with the cutlery in. 最上面的抽屉是放刀叉的. * I'm afraid I can't drink coffee with milk in. 我不能喝搀牛奶的咖啡. * She opened the bedroom door and went in. 她打开卧室的门走了进去. * The children were playing by the river when one of them slipped and fell in. 孩子们在河边玩耍, 突然其中一个滑了一跤跌进河里. * The door opened and in walked my father. 门一开, 父亲进来了.  2 (of people) at home or at a place of work （指人）在家或在工作处: Nobody was in when we called. 我们打过电话, 可是屋里没有人. * She's usually in by seven o'clock. 她通常七点钟就到家了. * I'm afraid the manager isn't in today. 经理今天不在. Cf 参看 out 2.  3 (of trains, buses, etc) at the station or terminus （指火车、 公共汽车等）在站上或在总站: The train was in when we got to the station. 我们赶到车站时, 火车已停在站上了. * It's due in (ie It should arrive) at 6 o'clock. 这班车应在6点钟到达.  4 (of farm animals or crops) brought to the farm from the fields （指家畜或农作物）从田野弄回农场: The cows will be in for milking soon. 奶牛一会儿就赶回来等待挤奶. * We need help to get the wheat in. 我们需要人手来帮助抢收小麦.  5 (of the tide) at or towards its highest point on land （指潮汐）上涨或处最高点: It's one o'clock. The tide must be in. 一点钟了. 潮水准已涨上来了. * Is the tide coming in or going out? 现在是涨潮还是落潮? * (fig 比喻) My luck's in  I won a new car in a raffle. 我的运气来了--在有奖抽彩中我得了一辆新汽车.  6 (of letters, cards, etc) delivered to the destination; received （指信件、 名信片等）投递到, 收到: Applications must be in by 30 April. 申请书必须在4月30��W日以前交来. * Entries should be in on Monday morning. 参加者名单应在星期一上午交来.  7 fashionable; popular 时髦; 入时; 流行: Miniskirts are (coming) in again. 超短裙又（快）时兴了.  8 (of fruit, fish, etc) on sale or obtainable （指水果、 鱼等）上市, 当令, 可买到: Strawberries are never in for long. 草莓上市的时间从来就不长. * Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment? 现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?  9 elected to office 当选; 执政: Labour came in after the war. 战後工党开始执政. * The club president has been in since 1979. 俱乐部主任是自1979年选任的.  10 (sport 体) (a) (in cricket, baseball, etc) batting （板球、 垒球等）击球: England were in first. 英国队首先击球. * He had only been in for 10 minutes when Jones bowled him out. 他击球才十分钟就被琼斯投球杀出局. (b) (in tennis, badminton, etc) (of a ball, etc) having landed inside the line （网球、 羽毛球等）（指球）落在界内: Her service was in. 她发球落入界内. (c) (of the ball in football, hockey, etc) between and behind the goalposts （指足球、 冰球等的球）在球门柱之间或入门: It's in  we've got a goal! 球进了--我们射门得分! Cf 参看 out 16.  11 (of a coal or wood fire) burning （指煤火或柴火）燃烧: The fire was still in when we got home. 我们到家时, 煤火还在燃烧.  12 (idm 习语) be in for sth (infml 口) (a) be about to experience (esp sth unpleasant) 即将体验到（尤指不愉快的事物）: He's in for a nasty shock/surprise! 他就要碰上一件非常糟糕而震惊[意外]的事了! * I'm afraid we're in for a storm. 看来我们要赶上暴雨了. (b) having agreed to take part in sth 同意参加某事: Are you in for this game of whist? 这场惠斯特桥牌你参加吗? * I'm in for the 1000 metres. 我参加一千米赛跑. be/get in on sth (infml 口) participate in sth; have a share or knowledge of sth 参与某事; 对某事知情: I'd like to be in on the scheme. 我很想参与这项计画. * Are you in on her secret? 你知道她的秘密吗? be (well) `in with sb (infml 口) be (very) friendly with sb (and likely to benefit from the friendship) 同某人亲密（且可能从中获益）: He's well in with the boss. 他和老板关系很密切. have (got) it `in for sb (infml 口) want to take revenge on sb; bear ill will towards sb 欲向某人报复; 对某人不怀好意: That teacher has always had it in for me. 那位老师总想跟我过不去. ,in and `out (of sth) sometimes in and sometimes out (of a place) 时进时出（於某处）: He's been in and out of hospital (ie often ill and in hospital) all year. 他一整年经常入院出院.
in- 
(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词)  1 (infml 口) popular and fashionable 流行和时髦: It's the in-thing to do at the moment. 这是目前最时兴的做法了. * the in-place to go 大家一时爱去的地方.  2 shared by or appealing to a small group （小圈子内）分享的或感兴趣的: an in-joke 一则内部笑话.
in-tray 
n tray for holding letters, etc that are waiting to be read or answered 收文盘（放置待阅或待覆信件的）. Cf 参看 out-tray (out).
in
/ In; In/ prep (For special uses with many ns and vs 与名词和动词搭配的特殊用法, 如 in place, in memory of, end in sth, see the n and v entries 见有关名词和动词词条.)  1 (indicating place 表示地方) (a) at a point within the area or volume of (sth) 在（某事物）的范围内的一点上: the highest mountain in the world 世界上最高的山 * a country in Africa 非洲的一个国家 * She lives in a small village in France. 她住在法国的一个小乡村里. * the biggest shop in town 镇上最大的商店 * islands in the Pacific Ocean 太平洋上的岛屿 * children playing in the street 在街上玩耍的孩子 * not a cloud in the sky 天上一朵云彩也没有 * swimming in the pool 在池中游泳 * standing in the corner of a room 站在房间的角落里 (Cf 参看 standing at the corner of the street) * It's in a drawer. 在抽屉里. * I read about it in the newspaper. 那件事我是在报上看到的. * Can you see the dog in the picture? 你看见画里的狗了吗? (b) within the shape of (sth); enclosed by 在（某物）的形体或范围中; 在...之内; 在...之中: lying in bed 躺在床上 (Cf 参看 sitting on the bed) * sitting in a chair, ie an armchair 坐在单座沙发上 * Leave the key in the lock. 钥匙就留在锁孔里吧. * a cigarette in her mouth 她嘴里叼著的香烟 * What have you got in your hand/pocket? 你手[口袋]里有什麽东西?  2 (indicating movement 表示移动) into (sth) 进入（某物）: He dipped his pen in the ink. 他把钢笔往墨水里蘸了蘸. * Throw it in the fire. 把它扔到火里去吧. * She got in her car and drove off. 她进入汽车里把车开走了.  3 during (a period of time) 在（某段时间）内: in the twentieth century 在二十世纪 * in 1999 在1999年 * in spring, summer, etc 在春天、 夏天等 * in March 在三月里 (Cf 参看 on 18 March) * in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午[下午/晚上] * It happened in the past. 这是过去发生的事情. =>Usage at time2 用法见time2.  4 (a) after (a maximum length of time) 在（一整段时间）之後: return in a few minutes, hours, days, months, etc 过几分钟、 几小时、 几天、 几个月...之後回来 * It will be ready in a week. 一周之後即准备妥当. * She learnt to drive in three weeks, ie After 3 weeks she could drive. 她用了三个星期学会了开车. (b) (used after a negative or first, last, etc 用於否定词之後或first、 last等词之後) during; for 在某段时间内: I haven't seen him in years. 我多年没见到他了. * It's the first/only letter I've had in 10 days. 这是我10天中收到的第一封[唯一的一封]信.  5 forming the whole or part of (sth); contained within 构成（某事物）的整体或部分; 包含在...之内: seven days in a week 一星期有七天 * eight pints in a gallon 一加仑有八品脱 * There's a cover charge included in the total. 帐单总额里包括服务费. * I recognize his father in him, ie His character is partly similar to his father's. 我看到他身上有他父亲的某些气质.  6 (indicating ratio 表示比率): a slope/gradient of one in five  1:5的坡度[倾斜度] * taxed at the rate of 15p in the pound 以每镑纳15便士的税率课税 * One in ten said they preferred their old brand of margarine. 有十分之一的人说比较喜欢老牌子的人造黄油.  7 wearing (clothes, colours, etc) 穿戴（衣物等）: dressed/clothed in rags 穿著[衣著]褴褛 * the man in the hat 戴著帽子的男子 * the woman in white 穿著白色衣服的女子 * in uniform, mourning, disguise, armour 穿著制服、 带著孝、 戴著伪装、 披著铠甲 * in high-heeled shoes 穿著高跟鞋 * in a silk shirt 穿著绸衬衫.  8 (indicating physical surroundings, circumstances, etc 表示具体的环境、 情况等): go out in the rain, sun, cold, etc 冒著雨、 顶著太阳、 冒著寒冷等外出.  9 (indicating the state or condition of sb/sth ��W表示某人[某事物]的状态或状况): in order 整齐 * in a mess 乱七八糟 * in good repair 保养良好 * in poor health 健康欠佳 * in a rage 愤怒之中 * in a hurry 匆忙地 * in fun 开玩笑地 * in poverty 在穷困中 * in ruins 呈废墟状态 * in anger, ie angrily 愤怒地.  10 (indicating form, shape, arrangement or quantities 表示形式、 形状、 安排或数量): a novel in three parts 分为三部分的一本小说 * stand in groups 成群地站著 * sit in rows 成排地坐著 * her hair in a pony-tail 她那梳成马尾状的头发 * curtains hanging in folds 挂著的打著褶儿的窗帘 * Tourists queue in (their) thousands to see the tomb. 游客数以千计排著长队参观陵墓.  11 (indicating the medium, means, material, etc 表示媒体、 手段、 材料等): speak in English 用英语说 * write a message in code 用密码写一条消息 * written in biro, ink, pencil, etc 用圆珠笔、 墨水、 铅笔等写的 * printed in italics, capitals, etc 用斜体字、 大写字体等印刷的 * say it in a few words 用几句话来说 * speak in a loud voice 大声地说 * pay in cash 用现金支付 (Cf 参看 by cheque).  12 (used to introduce the name of a particular person 用以引出某人姓名): We have lost a first-rate teacher in Jim. 我们失去了吉姆这位一流的教师. * You've got a real trouble-maker in Wilkins. 你们有个威金斯这个货真价实的捣乱分子. * You will always find a good friend in me, ie I will always be a good friend to you. 我永远是你的好朋友.  13 with reference to (sth); regarding 在（某）方面; 关於; 至於: He's behind the others in reading but a long way ahead in arithmetic. 他在阅读方面不如别人, 但算术却遥遥领先. * lacking in courage 缺乏勇气 * equal in strength 强度一样 * a country rich/poor in minerals 矿藏丰富[贫乏]的国家 * blind in one eye 一目失明 * three feet in length, depth, diameter, etc 长度、 深度、 直径...为三英尺.  14 (indicating sb's occupation, activity, etc 表示某人的职业、 活动等): in the army/navy/air force 在陆军[海军/空军]服役 * in business, insurance, computers, journalism, etc 从事商业、 保险业、 计算机业、 新闻业等 * He's been in politics (ie a politician) all his life. 他一生从政. * killed in action, ie While fighting as a soldier 阵亡 * In (ie While) attempting to save a child from drowning, she nearly lost her own life. 她在抢救溺水的孩子时, 自己几乎丧了命.  15 (idm 习语) in that/ In TEt; In TEt/ (never taking stress 不可重读) for the reason that; because 基於...的理由; 因为: Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition. 私营化的优点在於能促进相互竞争.
in
/ In; In/ n (idm 习语) the ins and outs (of sth) the details and complexities (of an activity or a procedure) （活动或程序的）细节, 始末, 详情: know all the ins and outs of a problem 熟悉问题的来龙去脉 * He's been here for years; he should know the ins and outs of the job by now. 他在这里已经很多年了, 现在理应熟悉工作的各种方面了.
in- (also im-) 
pref 前缀  1 (with vs forming ns and vs 与动词结合构成名词和动词) in; on 在内; 向内; 在上: intake * imprint.  2 (with ns forming vs 与名词结合构成动词) put into a certain state or condition 置於某状态或条件中: inflame * imperil.
in- (also il-, im-, ir-) 
pref 前缀 (forming adjs, advs and ns 用以构成形容词、 副词、 名词) not 不; 非; 无: infinite * illogical * immorally * irrelevance. =>Usage at un- 用法见un.
-in
/ In; In/ (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (becoming dated 渐旧) (added to another word (usu a v) to indicate an activity in which many people participate 附於另一词（通常为动词）後, 表示有很多人参加的活动): a `sit-in * `teach-ins.
in
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or ins 复数或不变或作 ins) (also symb 符号为 ") inch: 4 in x (ie by) 2 in (4" x 2") 4英寸x2英寸(4" x 2") * He is 6 ft 2 in (tall). 他身高6英尺2英寸. Cf 参看 ft, yd.
in extremis
/ 9InIk5stri:mIs; 9InIk`strimIs/ (Latin 拉)  1 (fml 文) (as a last resort when) in an emergency 在紧急关头; 应变措施: This alarm button is only to be used in extremis. 此警报按钮只在紧急情况下使用.  2 (religion 宗) (in the Roman Catholic Church) about to die （天主教会用语）临终: administer the last sacrament to sb in extremis 给临终的人傅油.
in loco parentis
/ In 9lEUkEU pE5rentIs; In9lokopE`rZntIs/ (Latin 拉) acting for or instead of a parent; having the responsibility of a parent 代替父或母; 代尽人父或人母之责: I stand towards her in loco parentis. 我对她代尽其父母亲的责任.
in memoriam
/ 9In mE5mR:rIEm; 9InmE`mRrIEm/ (Latin 拉) (used in epitaphs, on gravestones, etc 用於悼念诗文、 墓碑志文等中) in memory of sb; as a memorial to sb 纪念某人; 作为对某人之纪念.
in situ
/ 9In 5sItju:; In`saItju/ (Latin 拉) in its original or proper place 在原处; 在原位置.
in toto
/ In5tEUtEU; In`toto/ (Latin fml 拉, 文) totally; altogether 完整地; 完全地; 全部地.
in vitro
/ 9In5vi:trEU; In`vitro/ (Latin 拉) (biology 生) (of the fertilization of an egg) by artificial means outside the body of the mother （指卵子受精）在母体外（人工授精）: ,in vitro fertili`zation 体外受精 * an egg fertilized in vitro 体外受精的卵子.
in-built
/ 9In5bIlt; `In`bIlt/ adj = built-in (build).
in-flight
/ 9In5flaIt; `In`flaIt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] occurring or provided during the flight of an aircraft （飞行器）飞行中发生的, 飞行中供应的: ,in-flight refuelling, entertainment 空中加油、 飞行中提供的娱乐活动.
in-group
/ 5In gru:p; `In9^rup/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) group within an organization or in society that behaves in an exclusive way and gives favoured treatment to its own members; clique 小圈子, 自己人团体, 小集团（有排他性质、 对自己成员优予对待之组织或社团）.
in-laws
/ 5In lR:z; `In9lRz/ n [pl] (infml 口) relatives by marriage 姻亲; 亲家: All my in-laws live far away. 我的姻亲全都住得很远.
in-patient
/ 5In peIFnt; `In9peFEnt/ n person who lives in hospital while receiving treatment 住院病人.
in-service
/ 5Ins\:vIs; `In`s[vIs/ adj [attrib 作定语] carriedout while actually working at a job 在职期间进行的; 不脱产的: the in-service training of teachers 教师在职培训.
inability
/ 9InE5bIlEtI; 9InE`bIlEtI/ n [U] ~ (to do sth) lack of power, skill or ability; being unable 无力; 无能; 无技术; 不能: his inability to understand mathematics 他在理解数学方面能力之差.
inaccessible
/ 9InAk5sesEbl; 9InAk`sZsEbl/ adj ~ (to sb) very difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or be contacted (by sb); not accessible 难达到的; 不可及的; 不易进入的; 不可接触的: an inaccessible mountain retreat 很难抵达的山间僻静处 * His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible to his students. 他的时间排得很满, 学生根本无法和他接触. * (fig 比喻) philosophical theories that are inaccessible to (ie cannot be understood by) ordinary people 普通人无法理解的哲学理论. 
inaccessibility
/ 9InAk9sesE5bIlEtI; 9InAk9sZsE`bIlEtI/n [U]. 
inaccessibly
/  9InAk5sesEblI; 9InAk`sZsEblI/ adv.
inaccurate
/ In5AkjErEt; In`AkjErEt/ adj having errors; not correct or accurate 有错误的; 不正确的; 不精确的: an inaccurate report, statement, description, etc 失实的报道、 说法、 叙述等.
inaccuracy
/ In5AkjErEsI; In`AkjErEsI/ n (a) [U] being inaccurate 不准确; 不正确; 误差: an unacceptable level of inaccuracy 误差达无法容许的程度. (b) [C] inaccurate statement; mistake or error 不准确的说法; 错误; 差错: There are so many inaccuracies in this report that it will have to be written again. 这份报告错误百出, 须重写.
inaccurately 
adv. 
inaction
/ In5AkFn; In`AkFEn/ n [U] lack of action; doing nothing; idleness 无行动; 无作为; 不活跃; 懒散.
inactive
/ In5AktIv; In`AktIv/ adj  1 not (physically) active; idle 不活动的; 不活跃的; 懒散的: If you weren't so inactive you wouldn't be so fat! 你要是好动一些也不至於这麽胖! * Some animals are inactive during the daytime. 有些动物白天不活动.  2 not working or operating any more; not in use 不再工作的; 不再运行的; 不再使用的: an inactive machine 停用的机器.  3 not participating fully (in a club, etc) 参加（俱乐部等）活动不踊跃的: inactive members of the music society 音乐协会内不积极参加活动的会员. 
inactivity
/  9InAk5tIvEtI;9InAk`tIvEtI/ n [U]: A holiday need not mean inactivity. 放假不一定就是不进行活动.
inadequate
/ In5AdIkwEt; In`AdEkwEt/ adj  1 not sufficient or enough; not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的; 不足的; 不够好的: The safety precautions are totally inadequate. 这些安全措施完全不合格. * inadequate supplies, income, preparation 不足的供应品、 收入、 准备.  2 not sufficiently able or confident to deal with a difficult situation 不足胜任的; 信心不足的: feel inadequate when faced by a difficult problem 面对难题觉得力不从心.
inadequacy
/ In5AdIkwEsI; In`AdEkwEsI/ n  1 [C, U] (instance or example of) being inadequate 不充分; 不足; 不胜任: the inadequacy of our resources 我们资源的不足 * realize one's personal inadequacy 认识自己的不足.  2 [C] fault or failing; weakness 毛病; 缺陷; 弱点: the inadequacies of the present voting system 现行选举制度的弊病.
inadequately
/ In5AdIkwEtlI; In`AdEkwEtlI/ adv.
inadmissible
/ 9InEd5mIsEbl; 9InEd`mIsEbl/ adj that cannotbe allowed or admitted, esp in a court of law 不允许的, 不许可的, 不能承认的（尤指在法庭上）: inadmissible evidence 不能采纳的证据. 
inadmissibility
/  9InEd9mIsE5bIlEtI; 9InEd9mIsE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inadmissibly
/ 9InEd5mIsEblI; 9InEd`mIsEblI/ adv.
inadvertent
/ 9InEd5v\:tEnt; 9InEd`v[tnt/ adj (of actions) done without thinking or not deliberately （指行动）漫不经心的, 非故意的, 无意的: an inadvertent slip, omission, etc 不经意的失误、 遗漏等.
inadvertence 
n [U].
inadvertently 
adv by accident; unintentionally 偶然地; 非故意地; 无意地: She inadvertently telephoned the wrong person. 她无意中打错了电话.
inadvisable
/ 9InEd5vaIzEbl; 9InEd`vaIzEbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] unwise; not sensible 不明智; 不可取; 失策: It is inadvisable to have too much sugar in your diet. 饮食中糖分太多是不可取的. 
inadvisability
/ 9InEd9vaIzE5bIlEtI; 9InEd9vaIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
inalienable
/ In5eIlIEnEbl; In`elIEnEbl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) that cannot be taken away 不可剥夺的; 不能让与的: inalienable rights 不可剥夺的权利.
inane
/ I5neIn; In`en/ adj without meaning; silly or stupid 无意义的; 愚蠢的: an inane remark, question, etc 无聊的言语、 问题等 * inane conversation 无意义的谈话.
inanely 
adv: They grinned inanely. 他们咧嘴傻笑.
inanity
/ I5nAnEtI; In`AnEtI/ n (a) [U] being inane 无意义; 愚蠢. (b) [C] inane remark or act 无意义的或愚蠢的言行.
inanimate
/ In5AnImEt; In`AnEmEt/ adj  1 not alive, esp in the way that humans and animals are 无生命的: A rock is an inanimate object. 石头是无生命的物体.  2 lacking energy and vitality; dull 无精力的; 无生气的; 单调的: inanimate conversation 沉闷的谈话.
inapplicable
/ In5AplIkEbl, also 9InE5plIkEbl; In`AplIkEbl,9InE`plIkEbl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) that is not relevant or cannot be applied 不相干的; 不适用的: The rules seem to be inapplicable to this situation. 这些规则似乎不适用於这种情况. 
inapplicability
/  In9AplIkE5bIlEtI, also 9InE9plIkE5bIlEtI; 9InAplIkE`bIlEtI, 9InE9plIkE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inapplicably
/  In5AplIkEblI, also 9InE5plIkEblI; In`AplIkEblI, 9InE`plIkEblI/ adv.
inappropriate
/ 9InE5prEUprIEt; 9InE`proprIEt/ adj ~ (to/for sb/sth) not suitable or appropriate (for sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）不恰当的, 不适合的: an inappropriate comment, name, moment 不当的评语、 名称、 时刻 * clothes inappropriate to the occasion 不适合这种场合的衣物 * It seems inappropriate for us to intervene at this stage. 我们在此阶段介入似不甚妥. 
inappropriately 
adv: inappropriately dressed for the funeral 参加葬礼时衣著不当. 
inappropriateness 
n [U].
inapt
/ In5Apt; In`Apt/ adj not relevant, appropriate or useful 不相干的; 不合适的; 无用的: an inapt remark, question, translation 不恰当的言语、 问题、 翻译.
inaptitude
/ In5AptItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; In`AptE9tud/ n [U] ~ (for sth) lack of ability or suitability (for sth) 无能力; 不合适.
inaptness 
n [U] being inapt 不相干; 不合适; 无用.
inarticulate
/ 9InB:5tIkjUlEt; 9InBr`tIkjElEt/ adj  1 unable to express one's words, ideas or feelings clearly 不善表达思想感情的: a clever but inarticulate mathematician 聪明但不善言辞的数学家.  2 not clearly or well expressed 表达得不清楚的; 含糊其辞的: an inarticulate speech, essay, sound 含糊不清的讲话、 文章、 声音 * speaking in an inarticulate mumble 叽哩咕噜地说著.  3 not expressed as spoken words 非言语表达的: Her actions were an inarticulate cry for help. 她的行动是无言的呼救. 
inarticulately 
adv. 
inarticulateness 
n [U].
inasmuch as
/ 9InEz5mQtF Ez; 9InEz`mQtF Ez/ conj (fml 文) since; because; to the extent that 因为; 由於; 鉴於; 至...限度: He is a Dane inasmuch as he was born in Denmark, but he became a British citizen at the age of 30. 他按其出生在丹麦来说是丹麦人, 但他在30岁时成了英国公民.
inattention
/ 9InE5tenFn; 9InE`tZnFEn/ n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) lack of attention; neglect 不注意; 不经心; 疏忽: work marred by inattention to detail 因忽略了细节而嫌美中不足的作品.
inattentive
/ 9InE5tentIv; 9InE`tZntIv/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) not paying attention (to sb/sth); not attentive 不注意的; 不经心的; 疏忽的: inattentive to the needs of others漠视他人需要. 
inattentively 
adv. 
inattentiveness
n [U].
inaudible
/ In5R:dEbl; In`RdEbl/ adj not loud enough to be heard; not audible （因声音低）听不见的: speak in an almost inaudible voice 用低得难以听到的声音说话.
inaudibility
/ In9R:dE5bIlEtI; 9InRdE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inaudibly
/ In5R:dEblI; In`RdEblI/ adv.
inaugural
/ I5nR:gjUrEl; In`R^jErEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or for an inauguration 就职的; 就任的; 开幕的; 创始的: an inaugural speech, lecture, meeting, etc 就职演说、 首次讲课、 开幕典礼.
inaugurate
/ I5nR:gjUreIt; In`R^jE9ret/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a]~ sb (as sth) introduce (a new public official or leader) at a special ceremony 为（新官员或领袖）举行就职典礼: inaugurate the President 为总统举行就职典礼 * He will be inaugurated as president in January. 他将在一月就任总裁.  2 [Tn] mark the beginning of (an organization or undertaking) or open (a building, an exhibition, etc) with a special ceremony 为（组织或工程的创立或开工）举行仪式; 为（建筑物、 展览会等）举行落成或开幕仪式: inaugurate a conference, an organization, a scheme, etc 为会议开幕、 组织成立、 计画创始举行仪式 * The city library was inaugurated by the mayor. 市长主持了市图书馆的落成仪式.  3 [Tn] be the beginning of (sth); introduce 开创, 创始, 引进（某事物）: Concorde inaugurateda new era in aeroplane travel. 协和式飞机开创了空中旅行的新纪元.
inauguration
/ I9nR:gjU5reIFn; In9R^jE`reFEn/ n [C, U] (act of) inaugurating or being inaugurated 就职; 就职典礼; 开幕式; 落成典礼: the President's inauguration 总统就职典礼 * [attrib 作定语] the President's inauguration speech 总统就职演说.
inaugurator 
n person who inaugurates sth 典礼主持人; 创始人.
inauspicious
/ 9InR:5spIFEs; 9InR`spIFEs/ adj havingsigns which show that future success is unlikely; not favourable 不吉的; 不祥的; 不利的: an inauspicious occasion, event, meeting, etc 预兆不祥的情况、 事件、 会面等. 
inauspiciously 
adv. 
inauspiciousness 
n [U].
inboard
/ 5InbR:d; `In9bRrd/ adj, adv (situated) within the sides of or towards the centre of a boat or aircraft （处於）船或飞行器的内部（的）; 向船或飞行器的中心（的）: an inboard motor 舷内机.
inborn
/ 9In5bR:n; In`bRrn/ adj existing in a person or animal from birth; natural; innate 天生的; 先天的; 生来的: an ,inborn ,talent for `music 天赋的音乐才能.
inbred
/ 9In5bred; In`brZd/ adj  1 natural; innate: an ,inbred ,sense of `duty 天生的责任感.  2 produced by inbreeding 同系交配产生的: The long nose on these dogs is an ,inbred characte`ristic. 这些狗的长鼻子是同系交配的特点.
inbreeding
/ 5Inbri:dIN; `In9bridIN/ n [U] breeding among closely related people or animals 人或动物的近亲繁殖; 同系交配: deformities caused by inbreeding 近亲繁殖造成的畸形.
Inc (also inc)
/ INk; INk/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Incorporated: Manhattan Drugstores Inc 曼哈顿药物杂物有限公司. Cf 参看 Ltd, PLC.
incalculable
/ In5kAlkjUlEbl; In`kAlkjElEbl/ adj  1 too large or great to be calculated 不可计算的; 极大的; 不可估量的; 无数的: do incalculable harm to sb's reputation严重损害某人的声誉.  2 that cannot be predicted; uncertain 无法预料的; 难以确定的: a person of incalculable moods 喜怒无常的人. 
incalculably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
incandescent
/ 9InkAn5desnt; 9InkAn`dZsnt/ adj glowing or shining when heated 白炽的; 白热的.
incandescence
/ -sns; -sns/ n [U].
incandescent lamp 
electric lamp with a heated filament that gives off white light 白炽灯.
incantation
/ 9InkAn5teIFn; 9InkAn`teFEn/ n (a) [C] series of words used as a magic spell or charm 符咒; 咒语; 魔法: chant incantations to the evil spirits 向恶魔念符咒. (b) [U] saying or use of these 念符咒; 用魔法.
incapable
/ In5keIpEbl; In`kepEbl/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/doing sth not able to do sth 不能做某事: The children seem to be totally incapable of working quietly by themselves. 这些孩子简直完全不能静静地自己做功课. * incapable of telling a lie, ie too honest to do so 不会说谎（极诚实而不说谎） * incapable of sympathy 不能同情人.  2 unable to do anything well; helpless; not capable 什麽事都做不好的; 不能胜任的; 无能的: As a lawyer she's totally incapable. 她当律师完全不合格.  3 (idm 习语) drunk and incapable => drunk. 
incapability
/ In9keIpE5bIlEtI; 9InkepE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
incapably 
adv.
incapacitate
/ 9InkE5pAsIteIt; 9InkE`pAsE9tet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/from doing sth)  1 make sb unable (to do sth); weaken or disable sb 使某人不能（做某事）; 使某人孱弱或伤残: be incapacitated by an accident 在事故中致残 * Poor health incapacitated him for work/from working all his life. 他身体不好, 一辈子不能工作.  2 deprive sb of the legal ability (to do sth); disqualify sb 使某人无合法的能力（做某事）; 取消某人的资格.
incapacity
/ 9InkE5pAsEtI; 9InkE`pAsEtI/ n [U] ~ (to do sth); ~ (for sth/doing sth) lack of ability and necessary strength (to do sth); weakness or inability 无能力（做某事）; 孱弱; 无能: his increasing incapacity for work 他对工作日渐不能胜任 * society's incapacity to deal with the growing numbers of the elderly 社会对人口老化问题之无能为力.
incarcerate
/ In5kB:sEreIt; In`kBrsE9ret/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) (fml 文) put sb in prison 将某人监禁: He was incarcerated (in the castle dungeon) for years. 他被多年监禁（在古堡的地牢里）. 
incarceration
/ In9kB:sE5reIFn; In9kBrsE`reFEn/ n [U].
incarnate
/ In5kB:neIt; In`kBrnet/ adj (following ns 用於名词之後)  1 in the physical form of a human being 人体化的; 化身的: The guards were sadistic beasts and their leader was the devil incarnate. 那些警卫都是残暴的野兽, 他们的首领是个魔鬼的化身.  2 (of ideas, qualities, etc) appearing in a human form （指思想、 性质等）拟人化的, 具体化的: virtue incarnate 贞洁的化身.
incarnate
/ 5InkB:neIt; In`kBrnet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 give human form to (sth) 赋予（某事物）人的形体; 将（某事物）人格化.  2 put (an idea, a quality, etc) into real or physical form 使（概念, 品质等）具体化或形象化.  3 (of a person) be a living form of (a quality) （指人）为（某特质）的体现: He incarnates all the qualities of a successful manager. 他表现出了事业有成的经理人员所具有的一切品质.
incarnation
/ 9InkB:5neIFn; 9InkBr`neFEn/ n  1 [C] person that prominently displays a particular quality （突出表现某种品质的）典型人物, 化身: She's the very incarnation of goodness. 她是美德的化身.  2 [C, U] (instance of) being alive in human form 化身: the nine incarnations of Vishnu 护持神的九个化身 * He believed he had been a prince in a previous incarnation. 他相信他前生是王子.  3 the Incarnation [sing] (in Christianity) the act of God becoming a man in Jesus （基督教）道成肉身（神以耶稣基督的身分化为人）.
incautious
/ In5kR:FEs; In`kRFEs/ adj acting or done without enough care or thought; not cautious; rash 不谨慎的; 粗心的; 轻率的. 
incautiously 
adv.
incendiary
/ In5sendIErI; ?@ -dIerI; In`sZndI9ZrI/ adj  1 designed to set buildings, etc on fire 放火的; 纵火的: an incendiary bomb, device, attack 燃烧弹、 喷火器、 火攻.  2 tending to create public disturbances or violence 煽动的: an incendiary speech 煽动性演说.
incendiary 
n bomb that causes a fire 燃烧弹.
incense
/ 5Insens; `InsZns/ n [U] (smoke from a) substance that produces a pleasant smell when burnt, used esp in religious ceremonies 香（尤指宗教仪式上用的）; （香冒出的）烟.
incense
/ In5sens; In`sZns/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb) very angry 使（某人）大怒; 激怒（某人）: The decision to reduce pay levels incensed the work-force. 降低工资的决定激怒了工人. * He felt deeply incensed by/at the way he had been treated. 他受到那样的待遇感到非常愤怒.
incentive
/ In5sentIv; In`sZntIv/ n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulus 激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 奖励: the offer of cash incentives 现金奖励的提供 * an incentive to work harder 对更加努力工作的刺激 * They don't try very hard, but then there's no incentive. 他们不太卖力气, 不过却也没给他们奖励. * [attrib 作定语] an incentive scheme 鼓励方案.
inception
/ In5sepFn; In`sZpFEn/ n [sing] (fml 文) start or beginning of sth 开始; 开端: He had been director of the project since its inception. 这项工作从一开始他就是负责人.
incessant
/ In5sesnt; In`sZsnt/ adj not stopping; continual 不停的; 连续的; 不断的: a week of almost incessant rain 雨差不多没有停过的一个星期 * an incessant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的参观人流. 
incessantly 
adv: complain incessantly 不停地抱怨.
incest
/ 5Insest; `InsZst/ n [U] sexual intercourse betweenpeople who are too closely related to marry, eg brother and sister or father and daughter 乱伦, 血亲相奸（如兄妹或父女之间）.
incestuous
/ In5sestjUEs; ?@ -tFUEs; In`sZstFJEs/ adj  1 involving incest; guilty of incest 乱伦的; 犯乱伦罪的: an incestuous relationship 乱伦的关系.  2 (derog 贬) of a group of people that have close relationships with one another and do not include people outside their group 小集团的; 小圈子的: Theatre people are a rather incestuous group, I find. 我觉得戏剧工作者的小圈子针插不进. 
incestuously 
adv.
inch
/ IntF; IntF/ n  1 (abbr 缩写 in) measure of length equal to 2.54 cm or one twelfth of a foot 英寸（1英尺等於12英寸, 1英寸等於2.54厘米）: a pile of books 12 inches high 一摞厚达12英寸的书. =>App 4,5 见附录4、 5.  2 small amount or distance 少量; 短距离: He escaped death by an inch. 他险些丧了命. * We argued for an hour but he wouldn't budge (ie change his attitude or ideas) an inch. 我们争论了一个钟头, 但他毫无回旋余地.  3 amount of rain or snow that would cover a surface one inch deep （一英寸厚的）降雨或降雪量: Three inches of rain fell in Manchester last night. 曼彻斯特市昨夜降雨三英寸.  4 (idm 习语) by inches only just 差一点儿; 险些儿; 几乎: The car missed me by inches. 那辆汽车差一点儿撞著我. every inch (a) the whole area 整个地方: The police examined every inch of the house for clues. 警方为寻找线索彻底检查了整所房子. (b) completely; entirely 完全地; 整个地: He looked every inch a gentleman. 他看上去完全是正人君子. ,give sb an `inch (and he'll ,take a `mile/`yard) (saying 谚) if you surrender a little to sb, he will increase his demands greatly 得寸进尺. ,inch by `inch very slowly and in small steps; by degrees 慢慢地; 逐步地; 一点一点地: They climbed the steep mountain inch by inch. 他们一点一点地攀上那座陡峭的山. within an inch of sth/doing sth very close to sth/doing sth 对某事物[做某事]间不容发; 差一点儿: He came within an inch of being killed. 他差一点儿被弄死. > inch v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) forward, past, through, etc (sth) move (sth) slowly and carefully in the specified direction 使（某物）朝某方向慢慢移动: inch the car forward 开车慢慢前行 * He inched (his way) through the narrow passage. 他慢慢地穿过狭窄的通道.
inchoate
/ In5kEUeIt, 5InkEUeIt; In`koIt/ adj (fml 文) just begun and therefore not fully formed or developed 刚开始的; 未完全成形的; 未充分发展的: inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法、 态度、 愿望等.
incidence
/ 5InsIdEns; `InsEdEns/ n [sing]  1 ~ of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect 事情发生或具有影响的程度; 发生率; 影响范围: This area has a high incidence of crime, disease, unemployment, etc. 这个地区的犯罪率、 发病率、 失业率等很高.  2 way in which a ray of light strikes a surface 光线向物体表面的照射; 入射: the angle of incidence 入射角.
incident
/ 5InsIdEnt; `InsEdEnt/ n  1 event or happening,often of minor importance 事情, 发生的事（常指小事）: He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚.  2 hostile military activity between countries, opposing forces, etc （国际间或敌对力量等之间的）敌对行动, 军事冲突: border incidents 边境事件.  3 [C, U] public disturbance, accident or violence 骚乱; 事故; 暴力事件: The demonstration proceeded without incident. 游行示威进行时没有出事. =>Usage at occurrence 用法见occurrence.
incident
/ 5InsIdEnt; `InsEdEnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to/upon sb/sth (fml 文) forming a natural or expected part of sb/sth; naturally connected with sb/sth 伴随某人[某事物]而来; 与某人[某事物]自然联系: the risks incident to the life of a test pilot 试飞员免不了要冒的生命危险 * responsibilities incident upon one as a parent 为父母者自然要承担的责任.
incidental
/ 9InsI5dentl; 9InsE`dZntl/ adj  1 small and relatively unimportant; minor 小的而较不重要的; 次要的: incidental expenses 杂费.  2 accompanying, but not a major part of sth; supplementary 伴随的; 补充的; 附属的: incidental music for a play 戏剧的配乐.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) liable to occur because of sth or in connection with sth 易伴随发生; 因相关而产生: the risks that are incidental to exploration 探险时容易遇到的危险 * additional responsibilities that are incidental to the job 做这项工作要承担的额外责任.  4 occurring by chance in connection with sth else （伴随某事）偶然发生的.
incidentally
/ -tlI; -tlI/ adv  1 (used to introduce sth additional that the speaker has just thought of 说话者用以引入临时想到补充要说的事情) by the way 顺便提一句: Some people, and incidentally that includes Arthur, just won't look after themselves properly. 有些人, 比如说阿瑟吧, 就是不能好好自理.  2 in an incidental way 偶然地; 不经意地.
incinerate
/ In5sInEreIt; In`sInE9ret/ v [Tn] destroy (sth) completely by burning; burn to ashes 将（某物）烧成灰烬; 焚毁; 火化.
incineration
/ In9sInE5reIFn; 9InsInE`reFEn/ n [U].
incinerator
/ In5sInEreItE(r); In`sInE9retL/ n furnace or enclosed container for burning rubbish, etc （烧垃圾等的）焚化炉.
incipient
/ In5sIpIEnt; In`sIpIEnt/ adj (fml 文) in its early stages; beginning to happen 初始的; 早期的; 刚出现的: signs of incipient tooth decay 早期龋齿的徵象.
incise
/ In5saIz; In`saIz/ v [Tn] (a) make a cut in (a surface) 切, 切开（物体表面）. (b) carve designs into (a surface); engrave 在（某物表面）上雕刻.
incision
/ In5sIVn; In`sIVEn/ n [C, U] (act or instance of) cutting, esp by a surgeon into the flesh for an operation 切, 切开, 切割, 切口（尤指外科手术）: make a deep incision in the thigh 在大腿上深切一刀.
incisive
/ In5saIsIv; In`saIsIv/ adj clear and precise; direct or sharp 清晰而精确的; 直接的; 尖锐的: incisive comments, criticism, advice, etc 中肯的评论、 批评、 劝告等 * an incisive mind 敏锐的头脑. 
incisively 
adv. 
incisiveness 
n [U].
incisor
/ In5saIzE(r); In`saIzL/ n one of the eight sharp cutting teeth at the front of the mouth 门齿; 切牙. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图.
incite
/ In5saIt; In`saIt/ v  1 [Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) urge or persuade sb to do sth by making him very angry or excited 煽动或鼓动某人做某事: incite the workers to violence/against the government 煽动工人暴动[反对政府] * The captain was accused of inciting other officers to mutiny. 该上尉被控煽动军官叛变.  2 [Tn] create or cause (sth) 制造或引起（某事件）: incite a riot/breach of the peace 制造动乱[妨害治安事端].
incitement 
n [U, C] ~ (to sth) action that incites certain behaviour 煽动; 鼓励: incitement to defy authority 煽动反对当局.
incivility
/ 9InsI5vIlEtI; 9InsE`vIlEtI/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] lack of politeness 无礼貌. Cf 参看 uncivil.  2 [C] impolite act or remark 无礼的言行.
incl
abbr 缩写 = including; inclusive: total 29.53 incl tax 连税在内总额29.53英镑.
inclement
/ In5klemEnt; In`klZmEnt/ adj (fml 文) cold and stormy; bad 严寒的; 狂风暴雨的; 恶劣的: inclement weather 恶劣的天气. 
inclemency
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n [U].
inclination
/ 9INklI5neIFn; 9InklE`neFEn/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (to/for/towards sth); ~ (to do sth) feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular way; disposition 倾向; 意向; 意愿: I have little inclination to listen to you all evening. 我可不愿意一晚上都听你说话. * She is not free to follow her own inclination in the matter of marriage. 她的婚姻不能自主.  2 [C] ~ to sth; ~ to be/do sth event that regularly happens; tendency 经常发生的事; 趋向; 趋势: He has an inclination to stoutness/to be fat. 他有发福[发胖]的趋势. * The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings. 这辆汽车天冷时早晨常常熄火.  3 (a) [U] degree of sloping; slant 倾斜度; 坡度; 倾斜. (b) [C] sloping surface; slope 坡面; 斜面; 斜坡: a small inclination just beyond the trees 就在树丛那边的一片小坡地.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] bending or bowing movement 弯曲的动作; 弯腰: an inclination of his head 他点了点头.
incline
/ In5klaIn; In`klaIn/ v  1 [Ipr] ~ towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sth 向某物的方向倾斜: The land inclines towards the shore. 地面向海岸倾斜.  2 [Tn] bend (usu a part of the body) forward 向前弯（通常为身体局部）; 弯腰; 点头: She inclined her head in prayer. 她低下头祈祷.  3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb towards sth persuade sb to do sth; cause a certain tendency in sb; influence sb 说服某人做某事; 使某人有某倾向; 对某人施加影响: His love of languages inclined him towards a career as a translator. 他对语言的热爱促使他从事翻译工作. * His sincerity inclines me to trust him. 他很真诚, 不由得我不信任他. (b) [Ipr] ~ to/towards sth have a physical or mental tendency towards sth （身体上或思想上）有某种倾向; 倾向於; 易於: He inclines to laziness. 他爱偷懒. * She inclines towards depression. 她动不动就情绪低落.
inclined 
adj [pred 作表语]  1 ~ (to do sth) wanting to behave in a particular way; disposed 想以某种方式行事; 准备做某事: I'm inclined to trust him. 我比较信任他. * We can go for a walk, if you feel so inclined. 你要是愿意的话, 咱们去散散步吧.  2 ~ to do sth having a tendency to be/do sth; likely to be/do sth 有某种倾向; 很有可能做某事: He's inclined to be lazy. 他爱偷懒. * The car is inclined to stall when it's cold outside. 这辆汽车天冷时爱熄火.  3 ~ to do sth (used to make what is said sound less strong) holding a particular opinion （用以使语气和缓）持某种意见: I'm inclined to believe he's innocent. 我颇以为他是无辜的. * Generally speaking, I'm inclined to agree with you. 总的说来, 我比较同意你的意见.  4 having a natural ability in a specified subject 有某方面的天赋: Louise is very musically inclined. 路易丝很有音乐天赋.
inclined plane 
plane whose angle to the horizontal is less than 90 斜面（与水平面构成小於90夹角的平面）.
incline
/ 5INklaIn; `InklaIn/ n sloping surface; slope 斜面; 斜坡: a gentle/steep incline 缓的[陡的]斜坡.
inclose
= enclose.
inclosure
= enclosure.
include
/ In5klu:d; In`klud/ v  1 [Tn, Tg] have (sb/sth) as part of a whole 包括, 包含（某人[某事物]）: The conference delegates included representatives from abroad. 大会代表中有来自海外的代表. * The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆. * Does the price include VAT? 这价钱是否已包括增值税在内? * Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查和发送邮件.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/among sth) make sb/sth part of a larger group or set 使（某人[某事物]）成为整体中的一部分: include an article (in a newspaper) （在报纸上）登一篇文章 * We all went, me/myself included, ie I was among those who went. 大家都去了, 我也在内. * Detailed instructions are included in the booklet. 小册子中有详细说明.
including
/ In5klu:dIN; In`kludIN/ prep having (sb/sth) as a part 包括（某人[某事物]）在内: ￡57.50, including postage and packing  57.50英镑, 包括邮费及包装费在内 * The band played many songs, including some of my favourites. 乐队演奏了许多歌曲, 包括几首我最喜爱的. * Sales up to and including last month amounted to ￡10000. 销售额至上月底为止达10000英镑.
inclusion
/ In5klu:Vn; In`kluVEn/ n [U] ~ (in sth) including or being included 包括; 包含: the inclusion of the clause in the contract 合同中该条款包括在内.
inclusive
/ In5klu:sIv; In`klusIv/ adj  1 ~ (of sth) including sth; including much or all 包括或包含某事物的; 包括许多或全部的: The price is ￡800, inclusive of tax. 价格800英镑, 连税在内. * inclusive terms, ie with no extra charges, eg at a hotel 一应费用（一切包括在内, 不再额外收费, 如旅馆中的）.  2 (following ns 置於名词之後) including the limits stated 包括所述的限度: from Monday to Friday inclusive 从星期一至星期五, 共五日 * pages 7 to 26 inclusive 7-26页, 包括第7页及第26页. 
inclusively 
adv.
incognito
/ 9INkCg5ni:tEU; ?@ IN5kCgnEtEU; In`kB^nI9to/ adj [pred 作表语], adv with one's true identity hidden; in disguise 隐瞒个人真实身分; 伪装: He didn't want to be recognized, so he travelled incognito. 他不想被人认出, 所以出行时隐瞒身分.
incognito 
n (pl ~s) pretended identity 假身分.
incoherent
/ 9INkEU5hIErEnt; 9Inko`hIrEnt/ adj  1 not clear or logical 不清楚的; 不合逻辑的: an incoherent explanation 不合逻辑的解释.  2 not expressed clearly 表达不清的: talk incoherent gibberish 语无伦次地胡扯. 
incoherence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
incoherently 
adv. Cf 参看 coherent (cohere).
incombustible
/ 9INkEm5bQstEbl; 9InkEm`bQstEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be burnt 不能燃烧的.
income
/ 5INkQm; `In9kQm/ n [C, U] money received over a certain period, esp as payment for work or as interest on investments 收入（某一段时间所得, 尤指工作报酬或投资收益）: a family with two incomes, eg when the husband and wife both do paid work 有双份收入的家庭（如夫妻皆工作） * Tax is payable on all income over ￡2000. 收入超过2000英镑者徵收所得税. * high/low income groups 高[低]收入阶层 * a useful source of income for the charity 用作慈善事业的能解决问题的收入来源.
income tax 
tax payable according to the level of one's income 所得税: reduce the standard rate of income tax 降低所得税的标准税率. Cf 参看 capital levy (capital2).
income
NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Income is the most general word for money we receive from work, investments, etc. 用以指从工作、 投资等所得的钱, income是最通用词. It can be earned or unearned income. 这个词可指挣来的收入, 也可指并非挣来的收入.  2 Pay is a general word for money we regularly receive from an employer for work done. *pay一般用以指雇主定期付给的工资. Pay-day is the day of the week/month when this money is received. *pay-day指每星期[每月]领取工资的日子.  3 Wages are paid weekly (sometimes daily) and usually in cash. *wages按星期（有时按日）发放, 通常为现款. They are based on an hourly, daily or weekly rate or on a certain amount of work done. *wages按小时、 日、 星期计算或按完成一定的工作量计算. Wage-earners are usually manual workers *wage-earners通常指体力劳动者: A postman's wages are 180 per week. 邮递员的工资为每周180英镑.  4 A salary is paid monthly, often directly into a bank account. *salary按月支付, 常直接拨入领取者的银行帐户内. The amount of salary received is quoted at a yearly rate *salary的收入, 是指一年的收入: a salary of 12000 a year/per annum 每年12000英镑的薪水. Professional people and those who work in offices receive a salary 专业人员和在办公室工作的人员领取salary: The company is offering a salary of 20000 per annum. 这家公司招聘职员, 年薪为20000英镑.  5 A fee is a payment to a lawyer, doctor, etc for professional services *fee是付给律师、 医生等的报酬: I thought the accountant's fee rather high. 我认为那个会计师收费很高.
incoming
/ 5InkQmIN; `In9kQmIN/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 coming in 正来临的: the incoming tide 涨潮 * incoming (ie enemy) artillery fire （敌人）发射来的炮火 * incoming telephone calls 打进来的电话 * incoming passengers 来到的旅客.  2 recently elected or appointed; new or succeeding 新选的; 新任的; 新来的; 继任的: the incoming president 新任总裁.
incommensurable
/ 9INkE5menFErEbl; 9InkE`mZnFErEbl/adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (also incommensurate) ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) that cannot be judged or measured by the same standard (as sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）不能用同一标准鉴定或衡量.
incommensurate
/ 9INkE5menFErEt; 9InkE`mZnFErEt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml 文)  1 ~ (to/with sth) not in proportion to sth; inadequate 不相称; 不成比例; 不足: His abilities are incommensurate to the task. 他的能力和他担负的任务不相称.  2 = incommensurable.
incommode
/ 9INkE5mEUd; 9InkE`mod/ v [Tn] (fml 文) inconvenience or trouble (sb) 给（某人）带来不便; 打扰（某人）.
incommodious
/ 9INkE5mEUdIEs; 9InkE`modIEs/ adj (fml 文) uncomfortable, usu because too small; inconvenient不舒适的（通常因过小）; 不方便的. 
incommodiously
adv.
incommunicable
/ 9INkE5mju:nIkEbl; 9InkE`mjunIkEbl/ adj that cannot be communicated 不能传达的; 不可交流的.
incommunicado
/ 9INkE9mju:nI5kB:dEU; 9InkE9mjunI`kBdo/ adj [pred 作表语], adv without being allowed tocommunicate with other people 不许可与他人接触: Theprisoner was held incommunicado. 那监犯被禁不得与他人接触.
incomparable
/ In5kCmprEbl; In`kBmprEbl/ adj too good, great, etc to have an equal; beyond comparison 无比的; 无双的; 不可比拟的: incomparable singing, hospitality, food 无与伦比的歌唱、 殷勤招待、 食物. 
incomparability
/ In9kCmpErE5bIlEtI; In9kBmpErE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
incomparably
/ In5kCmprEblI; In`kBmprEblI/ adv.
incompatible
/ 9INkEm5pAtEbl; 9InkEm`pAtEbl/ adj  1 ~ (with sb) not able to live or work happily with sb （与某人）不能和谐相处的, 合不来的: temperamentally, sexually, socially incompatible 脾气不相投、 性生活不和谐、 社交上合不来 * I've never seen such an incompatible couple. 我从来没有见过这麽不般配的一对儿.  2 ~ (with sth) not consistent or in logical agreement with sth （与某物）不一致的, 不相符的, 不相配的: behaviour that is totally incompatible with the aims of the society 与社团目标完全背道而驰的行为. 
incompatibility
/ 9INkEm9pAtE5bIlEtI; 9InkEm9pAtE`bIlEtI/ n [U, C].
incompetent
/ In5kCmpItEnt; In`kBmpEtEnt/ adj  1 nothaving or showing the necessary skills to do sth successfully不胜任的; 不称职的: I suppose my application has been lost by some incompetent bureaucrat. 我估计我的申请书不知道让哪个无能的官僚给弄丢了. * criticized for his incompetent handling of the problem 他因处理该问题无能而受到批评.  2 not (esp legally) qualified 无资格的（尤指法律方面）: incompetent to judge 无资格作裁决.
incompetence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] lack of skill or ability to do a task successfully 不胜任; 不称职: He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而遭辞退.
incompetent 
n incompetent person 不能胜任的人; 不称职的人.
incompetently 
adv.
incomplete
/ 9INkEm5pli:t; 9InkEm`plit/ adj not having all its parts; not complete 不完全的; 不完整的; 不完备的: an incomplete set of results 一组不完整的答数. 
incompletely 
adv. 
incompleteness 
n [U].
incomprehensible
/ In9kCmprI5hensEbl; 9InkBmprI`hZnsEbl/ adj that cannot be understood; not comprehensible无法理解的; 难於领悟的: technical expressions that areincomprehensible to ordinary people 普通人难以理解的技术用语. 
incomprehensibility
/ In9kCmprI9hensE5bIlEtI; 9InkBmprI9hZnsE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
incompre-hensibly
/-sEblI; -sEblI/ adv.
incomprehension
/ In9kCmprI5henFn; 9InkBmprI`hZnFEn/n [U] failure to understand sth 不理解; 不领悟: Her explanations were met with blank incomprehension. 大家对她的解释茫然不解.
incompressible
/ 9INkEm5presEbl; 9InkEm`prZsEbl/ adj that cannot be compressed; unyielding 不可压缩的; 不屈的: incompressible gases/liquids 不可压缩的气体[液体].
inconceivable
/ 9INkEn5si:vEbl; 9InkEn`sivEbl/ adj  1 (infml 口) very difficult to believe 难以置信的: It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这麽快, 简直不可思议.  2 that cannot be imagined; not conceivable 不可想像的; 匪夷所思的: the inconceivable vastness of space 宇宙难以想像的广漠.
inconceivably 
adv in a way that is very difficult to believe or understand 难以置信地; 不可思议地: The task proved inconceivably more difficult than we had imagined. 任务的困难程度超过我们的想像, 确实难以置信.
inconclusive
/ 9INkEn5klu:sIv; 9InkEn`klusIv/ adj not leading to a definite decision, conclusion or result 非决定性的; 非结论性的; 无结果的: inconclusive arguments, discussions, evidence, etc 无结果的辩论、 非决定性的讨论、 无效的证据. 
inconclusively 
adv. 
inconclusiveness 
n [U].
incongruous
/ In5kCNgrUEs; In`kBN^rJEs/ adj strange because not in harmony with the surrounding features; out of place 不协调的; 不和谐的; 不一致的: slow traditional methods that seem rather incongruous in this modern technical age 与当今技术时代相比显得格格不入的缓慢的传统方法.
incongruity
/ 9INkCN5gru:EtI; 9InkBN`^ruEtI/ n  1 [U] state of being incongruous 不协调; 不和谐; 不一致: the apparent incongruity of a scientist having a simple religious faith 身为科学家而有单纯的宗教信仰那种明显的不协调.  2 [C] something that is incongruous 不协调的或不一致的事物.
incongruously 
adv.
inconsequent
/ In5kCnsIkwEnt; In`kBnsE9kwEnt/ adj  1 not following logically 不合逻辑的; 不连贯的.  2 = inconsequential. 
inconsequence
/ In5kCnsIkwEns; In`kBnsE9kwEns/ n [U]. 
inconsequently 
adv.
inconsequential
/ In9kCnsI5kwenFl; 9InkBnsE`kwZnFEl/ adj (also inconsequent) trivial or irrelevant; not important 琐细的; 不相干的; 不重要的: inconsequential details, events, questions 琐碎的细节、 事情、 问题. 
inconsequentially
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv.
inconsiderable
/ 9INkEn5sIdrEbl; 9InkEn`sIdrEbl/ adj small in size or value; not worth considering 微小的; 价值低的; 不值得考虑的: a not inconsiderable sum of money, ie a large sum of money 数额不小的一笔钱.
inconsiderate
/ 9INkEn5sIdErEt; 9InkEn`sIdErEt/ adjnot caring about the feelings of other people; thoughtless; not considerate 不体贴别人的; 不替别人著想的; 考虑不周的: How could you have been so inconsiderate? 你怎麽能这样不顾别人呢? * inconsiderate behaviour, remarks 欠考虑的举动、 言语. 
inconsiderately 
adv. 
inconsiderate-ness 
n [U].
inconsistent
/ 9InkEn5sIstEnt; 9InkEn`sIstEnt/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) not in harmony (with sth); containing parts that do not agree with one another 不和谐; 不一致; 不协调: Such behaviour is inconsistent with her high-minded principles. 这样的行为与她情操高尚的原则是格格不入的. * His account of the events was inconsistent. 他对那些事情的说法前後矛盾.  2 not staying the same; changeable 反覆无常的; 易变的: He is inconsistent in his loyalty: sometimes he supports us, sometimes he's against us. 他并非一贯忠心耿耿, 有时支持我们, 有时反对我们.
inconsistency
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n (a) [U] quality of being inconsistent 不一致; 不一贯; 前後矛盾; 反覆无常: inconsistency in the standard of his work 他的工作好坏的前後不一. (b) [C] instance of this 不一致; 不一贯; 前後矛盾; 反覆无常: She noticed several minor inconsistencies in his argument. 她觉察到他的论点有几处略微有些自相矛盾.
inconsistently 
adv.
inconsolable
/ 9INkEn5sEUlEbl; 9InkEn`solEbl/ adj that cannot be comforted 不能安慰的; 无法慰藉的: inconsolable grief 无法抚慰的悲伤 * The children were inconsolable when their father died. 这些孩子因丧父而悲伤不已. 
inconsolably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: weep inconsolably 伤心欲绝地哭泣.
inconspicuous
/ 9INkEn5spIkjUEs; 9InkEn`spIkjJEs/ adj not very noticeable or obvious; not conspicuous 不引人注目的; 不显眼的; 不显著的: a small inconspicuous crack in the vase 花瓶上一道不明显的小裂纹 * The newcomer tried to make herself as inconspicuous as possible, ie tried to avoid attention. 那个新来的人极力使她自己不惹人注意. 
inconspicuously 
adv. 
inconspicuousness 
n [U].
inconstant
/ In5kCnstEnt; In`kBnstEnt/ adj (fml 文)  1 (of people) having feelings and intentions that change often; not faithful （指人）反覆无常的, 不忠的: an inconstant lover 爱情不专的人.  2 having a quantity or value that changes; not fixed （数量或价值）有变化的, 不固定的. 
inconstancy
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n [U, C].
incontestable
/ 9INkEn5testEbl; 9InkEn`tZstEbl/ adj that cannot be disputed or disagreed with 无可争辩的; 不能不同意的: an incontestable fact 无可争辩的事实. 
incontestably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
incontinent
/ In5kCntInEnt; In`kBntEnEnt/ adj  1 unable to control the bladder or bowels in passing waste matter from the body 失禁的: People often become incontinent when they get very old. 人老了就往往有内急失禁现象.  2 lacking self-control, esp in sexual matters 缺乏自制力的（尤指性方面）. 
incontinence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U].
incontrovertible
/ 9INkCntrE5v\:tEbl; 9InkBntrE`v[tEbl/adj so obvious and certain that it cannot be disputed or denied 无可辩驳的; 不容否认的: incontrovertible evidence 确凿无疑的证据. 
incontrovertibility
/ In9kCntrEv\:tE5bIlEtI; 9InkBntrE9v[tE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
incontrovertibly
/ 9INkCntrE5v\:tEblI; 9InkBntrE`v[tEblI/ adv: incontrovertibly true 千真万确.
inconvenience
/ 9INkEn5vi:nIEns; 9InkEn`vinjEns/ n (a) [U] trouble, difficulty or discomfort 不方便; 麻烦; 打扰; 困难; 不适: He apologized for the inconvenience he had caused. 他为打扰了人家而道歉. * put sb to, suffer great inconvenience 给某人带来、 遇到极大的不便. (b) [C] person or thing that causes inconvenience 造成不便的人或事物: Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 换乘火车多少有些不便. * put up with slight inconveniences 忍受些少不便.
inconvenience 
v [Tn] cause inconvenience to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）带来不便; 麻烦; 打扰: The companies were greatly inconvenienced by the postal delays. 邮件延误给这些公司造成极大不便.
inconvenient
/ 9INkEn5vi:nIEnt; 9InkEn`vinjEnt/ adj causing trouble, difficulty or discomfort; awkward 不方便的; 打扰的; 造成困难的; 让人不舒服的; 为难的: They arrived at an inconvenient time  we had just started the meal. 他们来得很不是时候--我们刚开始吃饭. * Living such a long way from the shops can be very inconvenient. 住得离商店这麽远有时候非常不便. 
inconveniently 
adv.
incorporate
/ In5kR:pEreIt; In`kRrpEret/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; include 将某事物包括进去; 包含: Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. 你的建议多已纳入新计画中. (b) [Tn] have (sth) as part of a whole 将（某事物）作为整体的一部分; 合并: The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. 汽车的新设计具备最新安全措施的一切特点.  2 [Tn] (US) form a legal corporation(2b) 组成公司: We had to incorporate the company for tax reasons. 鉴於税务原因, 我们得组成公司. * a company incorporated in the USA 在美国组建的公司.
incorporate
/ In5kR:pErEt; In`kRrpE9rEt/ adj formed into a corporation; incorporated 合成一体的; 组成公司的.
incorporated
/ In5kR:pEreItId; In`kRrpE9retId/ adj (US) (abbr 缩写 Inc) (following the name of a company 置於公司名称之後) formed into a legal organization 组成法人组织的: Nelson Inc 纳尔逊公司.
incorporation
/ In9kR:pE5reIFn; In9kRrpE`reFEn/ n [U] incorporating or being incorporated 包含; 合并; 组成公司.
incorporeal
/ 9INkR:5pR:rIEl; 9InkRr`pRrIEl/ adj (fml 文) without a body or material form 非实体的; 无形体的.
incorrect
/ 9INkE5rekt; 9InkE`rZkt/ adj  1 not correct or true 不正确的; 错误的; 不真实的: an incorrect answer 不正确的答案 * incorrect conclusions 错误的结论.  2 not according to accepted standards; improper 不合公认准则的; 不正当的: incorrect behaviour 不端的行为. 
incorrectly 
adv: answer incorrectly 回答得不正确. 
incorrectness 
n [U].
incorrigible
/ In5kCrIdVEbl; ?@ -5kR:r-; In`kRrIdVEbl/ adj (of people or their faults) that cannot be corrected or improved （指人或毛病）无法改好的, 不可救药的, 难以矫正的: an incorrigible liar, gambler, gossip, etc 不可救药的撒谎的人、 赌徒、 是非小人等 * incorrigible habits 难改的积习. 
incorrigibility
/ In9kCrIdVE5bIlEtI; In9kRrIdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
incorrigibly
/ In5kCrIdVEblI; In`kRrIdVEblI/ adv.
incorruptible
/ 9INkE5rQptEbl; 9InkE`rQptEbl/ adj  1 unable to be corrupted morally, eg with bribes （道德上）不受腐蚀的（如不受贿）: Judges should be incorruptible. 法官应当廉洁.  2 that cannot decay or be destroyed 不腐的; 不可摧毁的. 
incorruptibility
/ 9INkE9rQptE5bIlEtI; 9InkE9rQptE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
incorruptibly
/ 9INkE5rQptEblI; 9InkE`rQptEblI/ adv.
increase
/ In5kri:s; In`kris/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from A) (to B) become or make (sth) greater in number, quantity, size, etc 增加, 增大（数目、 数量、 体积等）: The population has increased from 1.2 million 10 years ago to 1.8 million now. 人口从10年前的120万已增加到现在的180万. * The rate of inflation has increased by 2%. 通货膨胀率已增长了2%. * increased profits 增加的利润 * He increased his speed to overtake the lorry. 他加大速度以超过前面的货车.
increasingly
/ In5kri:sINlI; In`krisINlI/ adv more and more 越来越多地; 逐渐增加地: increasingly difficult, important, popular 日益困难的、 重要的、 普及的 * Increasingly, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人们越来越认识到我们的根本 问题并非经济问题.
increase
/ 5INkri:s; `Inkris/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (in sth) amount by which sth increases 增加的量: Greater spending on education is expected to lead to a large increase in the number of students. 希望在教育上多投资以期多收学生. * an increase of nearly 50% over/on last year 比去年增加近50% * a wage increase 工资增加额 * Some increase in working hours may soon be needed. 也许不久需将工时延长一些.  2 (idm 习语) on the `increase (infml 口) increasing 正在增长: The number of burglaries in the area seems to be on the increase. 这一地区的入室盗窃案件似有增无已.
incredible
/ In5kredEbl; In`krZdEbl/ adj  1 impossible to believe 不可相信的: What an incredible story! 这件事真不可相信!  2 (infml 口) difficult to believe; amazing or fantastic 难以置信的; 不可思议的; 惊人的; 奇异的: He earns an incredible amount of money. 他挣钱多得惊人. * We had an incredible (ie extremely good) holiday! 我们度过了一个极愉快的假日. * She's an incredible actress. 她是个了不起的演员.
incredibility
/ In9kredE5bIlEtI; 9InkrZdE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
incredibly
/ In5kredEblI; In`krZdEblI/ adv  1 to a great degree; extremely or unusually 非常地; 极端地; 异乎寻常地: incredibly hot weather 极热的天气.  2 in a way that is difficult to believe; amazingly 难以置信地; 惊人地: Incredibly, no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before. 真是难以相信, 这样简单的主意竟没有人想到过.
incredulous
/ In5kredjUlEs; ?@ -dVu:l-; In`krZdVElEs/ adj not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief 不肯轻信的; 不能相信的; 表示怀疑的: an incredulous look, stare, gaze, etc 怀疑的神情、 注视、 逼视等. 
incredulity
/ 9INkrI5dju:lEtI; ?@ -5du:-; 9InkrE`dulEtI/ n [U]: an expression of shock and utter incredulity 愕然而十分怀疑的神情. 
incredulously 
adv.
increment
/ 5INkrEmEnt; `InkrEmEnt/ n increase, esp in money paid as a salary; added amount 增加; 增长; （尤指）加薪; 增加量: Your salary will be 12000 a year, withannual increments of 500. 你的年薪为12000英镑, 每年增加500英镑. 
incremental
/ 9INkrE5mentl; 9InkrE`mZntl/ adj: incremental increases 递增的量. 
incrementally
/-tElI; -tElI/ adv.
incriminate
/ In5krImIneIt; In`krImE9net/ v [Tn] make (sb) appear to be guilty of wrongdoing 使（某人）显得有罪: She refused to make a statement to the police in case she incriminated herself. 她拒绝向警方作陈述以免受连累. * incriminating evidence 可显示有罪的证据.
incrimination
/ In9krImI5neIFn; In9krImE`neFEn/ n [U].
incriminatory
/ In5krImInEtrI, -neItErI; In`krImEnE9tRrI/ adj tending to incriminate sb 可显示某人有罪的.
incrustation
/ 9InkrQ5steIFn; 9InkrQs`teFEn/ n  1 [U] formation of a hard outer covering; encrusting 结皮; 形成硬壳.  2 [C] hard outer covering or layer, esp one that forms gradually 硬壳, 外层（尤指逐渐形成的）: incrustations of barnacles on the hull 藤壶附在船身上形成坚硬的外层.
incubate
/ 5INkjUbeIt; `INkjE9bet/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] keep (eggs) warm, usu by sitting on them, until they hatch 孵（卵）; 孵化: a bird incubating (her eggs) 正在孵卵的鸟. (b) [I] (of eggs) be kept warm until ready to hatch （指卵）孵化.  2 [I, Tn] (medical or biology 医或生) (of bacteria, etc) develop under favourable conditions, esp heat; cause (bacteria, etc) to develop （指细菌等）培养; 使（细菌等）繁殖: Some viruses incubate very rapidly. 有些病毒繁殖得很迅速. * incubate germs in a laboratory 在实验室中培养细菌.  3 [I, Tn] (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) develop slowly and patiently （使某事物）逐渐发展, 酝酿: plans for revolution that had long been incubating in their minds 他们心中酝酿已久的革命计画.
incubation
/ 9InkjU5beIFn; 9InkjE`beFEn/ n  1 [U] hatching (of eggs) 孵卵; 孵化: artificial incubation, ie hatching by artificial warmth 人工孵化.  2 [C] (also incu`bation period) (a) (medical 医) period between being infected with a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms （传染病的）潜伏期. (b) (fig 比喻) (period for) developing plans, etc （计画等的）酝酿（期）.
incubator
/ 5INkjUbeItE(r); `INkjE9betL/ n boxlike apparatus for hatching eggs by artificial warmth or for rearing small, weak babies (esp those born prematurely) 孵化器; 恒温育婴箱（尤指培育早产婴儿的）. Cf 参看 hatchery (hatch2).
incubus
/ 5INkjUbEs; `INkjEbEs/ n (pl ~es or  -bi / -baI;-9baI/) (a) male evil spirit formerly supposed to have sex with a sleeping woman 梦淫妖（传说与熟睡女子交合的妖魔）. Cf 参看 succubus. (b) (rhet 修辞) thing (eg an approaching examination, an unpaid debt) that oppresses sb like a nightmare 给某人造成巨大压力的事物（似恶梦中所见的可怕事物, 如临近的考试、 未清偿的债务）.
inculcate
/ 5InkQlkeIt; ?@ In5kQl-; In`kQlket/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sb); ~ sb with sth (fml 文) fix (ideas, principles, etc) firmly in sb's mind, esp by repetition 向某人灌输（思想、 原则等）（尤指反覆地）: inculcate in young people a respect for the law 向年轻人灌输尊重法制的思想 * inculcate young people with a respect for the law 用尊重法制的思想反覆教育年轻人.
incumbent
/ In5kQmbEnt; In`kQmbEnt/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sb (fml 文) necessary as part of sb's duty 有责任; 有义务; 必须履行: It is incumbent upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safety procedure. 凡使用这种设备的人都应熟悉安全程序.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] holding the specified official position; current 现任的; 在职的: the incumbent president 现任总裁.
incumbent 
n person holding an official position, esp in the church 现任者, 在职者（尤指神职）: the present incumbent of the White House, ie the US President 现任美国总统.
incumbency
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n position of an incumbent 现任职位.
incur
/ In5k\:(r); In`k[/ v (-rr-) [Tn] cause oneself to suffer (sth bad); bring upon oneself 遭受; 蒙受; 招致; 引起; 带来: incur debts, great expense, sb's anger 负上债、 须付巨额费用、 惹某人生气.
incurable
/ In5kjUErEbl; In`kjJrEbl/ adj that cannot be cured 不能治愈的; 无可救药的; 不可矫正的: incurable diseases, habits 不治之症、 无法矫正的习惯.
incurable 
n person with an incurable disease 患不治之症的人: a home for incurables 绝症病人收容所.
incurably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: incurably ill, stupid, optimistic 病重得、 愚蠢得、 乐观得到头了.
incurious
/ In5kjUErIEs; In`kjJrIEs/ adj (fml 文) having no curiosity; not inquisitive 无好奇心的; 不追根究底的.
incursion
/ In5k\:Fn; ?@ -Vn; In`k[VEn/ n (fml 文) ~ (into/on/upon sth)  1 sudden attack on or invasion of a place (not usu made in order to occupy it permanently) （对某地的）袭击, 侵犯（通常指非永久性的侵占）: repel a sudden incursion of enemy troops (into/on one's territory) 击退敌军（对领土）的突然入侵.  2 (fig 比喻) inconvenient interruption of sb's time, privacy, etc; intrusion （对某人的时间、 私生活等的）扰乱, 打扰: I resent these incursions into/upon my leisure time. 屡次侵占我的闲暇时间, 我很反感.
incurved
/ 9In5k\:vd; In`k[vd/ adj curved inwards; bent into a curve 向内弯曲的; 弯成曲线的.
Ind
abbr 缩写 = (politics 政) Independent (candidate) 独立的（候选人）: Tom Lee (Ind) 汤姆·李（独立候选人）.
indebted
/ In5detId; In`dZtId/ adj ~ to sb (for sth) owing money or gratitude to sb 负债的; 感激的; 欠情的: be (deeply, greatly, etc) indebted to sb for his help, advice, encouragement, etc （深深地、 非常地等）感激某人的帮助、 建议、 鼓励等. 
indebtedness 
n [U].
indecent
/ In5di:snt; In`disnt/ adj  1 (of behaviour, talk, etc) offending against accepted standards of decency or morality; obscene （指行为、 谈话等）不礼貌的, 粗野的, 下流的, 猥亵的: That short skirt of hers is positively indecent. 她那条短裙实在是不雅观.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] improper; undue 不合适的; 不适当的: leave a party in indecent haste, ie too early or too soon to be polite 在聚会中匆匆离去而失礼. Cf 参看 decent.
indecency
/ -nsI; -nsI/ n  1 [U] being indecent; indecent behaviour 失礼; 粗鲁; 不体面; 下流; 有伤风化的行为: arrested by the police for gross indecency, eg indecent exposure 因猥亵行为遭警方拘留（如猥亵露体）.  2 [C] indecent act, gesture, expression, etc 下流的 动作、 姿势、 表情等.
indecently 
adv.
indecent exposure 
crime of showing one's sexual organs in public 猥亵露体（当众裸露性器官的犯罪行为）.
indecipherable
/ 9IndI5saIfrEbl; 9IndI`saIfrEbl/ adj that cannot be deciphered 不可破译的; 不可辨识的: an indecipherable code, signature, scribble, etc 不可破译的密码、 难以辨识的签字、 潦草莫辨的字迹.
indecision
/ 9IndI5sIVn; 9IndI`sIVEn/ n [U] ~ (about sth) state of being unable to decide; hesitation 优柔寡断; 犹豫不决: He stood outside the door in an agony of indecision. 他站在门外, 不知如何是好, 非常难受.
indecisive
/ 9IndI5saIsIv; 9IndI`saIsIv/ adj (a) not final or conclusive 非最终的; 非决定性的: an indecisive battle, answer, meeting 非决定性的战斗、 答覆、 会议. (b) unable to make decisions; hesitating; uncertain 无能力作决定的; 迟疑不决的; 不肯定的: He's too indecisive to make a good leader. 他优柔寡断, 当不了好领导. 
indecisively 
adv.
indecorous
/ In5dekErEs; In`dZkErEs/ adj (fml 文) not in accordance with dignity, good manners or good taste 不合礼仪的; 失礼的; 不雅观的: forced to make a hasty and indecorous departure without his trousers 他被迫离去, 慌忙中未穿裤子十分不雅. 
indecorously 
adv.
indecorum
/ 9IndI5kR:rEm; 9IndI`kRrEm/ n [U] (fml 文) improper or undignified behaviour; lack of decorum 不当的或不礼貌的行为; 不雅的举止.
indeed
/ In5di:d; In`did/ adv  1 truly; really; certainly 的确; 实在地; 确实. (a) (used to emphasize an affirmative reply 用以强调一肯定答覆的语气): `Did he complain?' `Indeed he did.' ｀他抱怨了吗?＇｀他当然抱怨了.＇ * `Do you agree?' `Yes indeed!' ｀你同意了?＇｀当然同意了!＇ (b) (intensifying an adj, an adv or a n in an exclamation 在感叹句中加强形容词、 副词或名词的语气): That is indeed remarkable! That is indeed a remarkable thing! 那可真了不起! 那真是了不起的事情!  2 (used after very + adj or adv to emphasize a statement, description, etc 用於very+形容词或副词之後以强调陈述、 描述等部分的语气) really 真正地; 实在地: Thank you very much indeed! 确实非常感激您! * I was very sad indeed to hear about it. 我听到这件事, 确实非常难过. * a very big elephant indeed 很大的大象.  3 (fml 文) in fact 事实上; 实际上; 其实: I don't mind. Indeed, I am delighted to help. 我不在乎. 其实, 我很乐於帮忙. * I was annoyed, indeed furious, over what happened. 出了这件事我很不痛快, 实际上是愤怒已极.  4 (as a comment or response 用作评语或回应语) (a) (expressing surprise, but not disbelief 表示惊讶, 但并非不信): `I saw a ghost!' `Indeed? Where was it?' ｀我看见鬼了!＇｀真的吗? 在哪儿呢?＇ (b) (expressing disbelief and even scorn 表示不相信甚或轻蔑之意): `A ghost indeed! I've never heard anything so ridiculous!' ｀真是鬼! 我可从没听说过这种荒谬的事!＇ (c) (showing interest of a critical or an ironical kind 表示挑剔的或反语的兴味): `When will the weather improve?' `When, indeed!' ｀天气什麽时候能好转?＇｀什麽时候? 没时候!＇
indefatigable
/ 9IndI5fAtIgEbl; 9IndI`fAtI^Ebl/ adj (fml approv 文, 褒) never giving up or stopping in spite of tiredness or difficulty; tireless 不顾疲倦的; 不畏困难的; 不屈不挠的; 不懈的: indefatigable workers 不知疲倦的工作者 * an indefatigable campaigner for civil rights 不屈不挠的民权运动人士.
indefensible
/ 9IndI5fensEbl; 9IndI`fZnsEbl/ adj that cannot be defended, justified or excused 无法防守的;无可辩解的; 不可原谅的: indefensible behaviour, rudeness,harshness, etc 不可原谅的行为、 粗暴表现、 苛刻态度. 
indefensibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: indefensibly rude 粗鲁得不可原谅.
indefinable
/ 9IndI5faInEbl; 9IndI`faInEbl/ adj that cannot be defined 不能下定义的; 不能解释的; 轮廓不清的: an indefinable air of mystery 不可言状的神秘气氛. 
indefinably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
indefinite
/ In5defInEt; In`dZfEnEt/ adj  1 not clearly defined or stated; vague 不确定的; 不明确的; 模糊的: He has rather indefinite views on the question. 他对该问题的看法颇暧昧. * He gave me an indefinite answer, ie neither `yes' nor `no'. 他给我的答覆模棱两可.  2 lasting an unspecified time 无限期的; （时间）不确定的: She'll be away for an indefinite period. 她将离开一段时间, 何时回来未定. 
indefinitely 
adv: You may have to wait indefinitely. 你可能得无限期地等下去.
indefinite article 
(grammar) the word `a' or `an'不定冠词, 即a或an. Cf 参看 definite article (definite).
indelible
/ In5delEbl; In`dZlEbl/ adj (of marks, stains, ink, etc) that cannot be rubbed out or removed （指记号、 污迹、 墨迹等）擦不掉的, 难以去除的: an indelible pencil, ie one that makes such marks 笔迹擦不掉的铅笔 * (fig 比喻) indelible shame 雪洗不掉的耻辱 * an indelible memory 无法磨灭的记忆. 
indelibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
indelicate
/ In5delIkEt; In`dZlEkEt/ adj (fml often euph文, 常作委婉语) (of a person, his speech, behaviour,etc) lacking in tact or refinement; rather rude or embarrassing （指人及言行等）不圆通的, 不文雅的, 颇粗鲁或令人难堪的: indelicate remarks 粗鄙的言语 * It was indelicate of you to mention her marriage problems. 你提到她的婚姻难题, 这很失礼.
indelicacy
/ -kEsI; -kEsI/ n  1 [U] being indelicate 不圆通; 不文雅; 颇粗鲁或令人难堪.  2 [C] indelicate act, remark, etc 不圆通或不文雅的言行.
indemnify
/ In5demnIfaI; In`dZmnE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/against sth) (law or commerce 律或商) promise to compensate sb for any harm he may suffer 保证赔偿或补偿某人可能受到的损失: indemnify sb against harm, damage, loss, etc 向某人承担其万一受到伤害、 损害、 损失等时的赔偿.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) repay sb (for sth) （为某事物）向某人赔偿, 补偿: I undertook to indemnify them for expenses incurred on my behalf. 我负责偿还他们为我而用的全部花费.
indemnification
/ In9demnIfI5keIFn; In9dZmnEfE`keFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] indemnifying or being indemnified 赔偿; 补偿; 获得保障.  2 [C] thing given or received as compensation or repayment 赔偿物; 补偿金.
indemnity
/ In5demnEtI; In`dZmnEtI/ n  1 [U] ~ (against/for sth) guarantee against damage or loss; compensationfor these （为防遭伤害或损失的）保障, 保险, 补偿, 赔偿: [attrib 作定语] an indemnity fund 赔偿基金.  2 [C] money, goods, etc given as compensation for damage or loss （为所遭伤害或损失而提供的）赔偿物、 钱、 货物等: The victorious nations are demanding huge indemnitiesfrom their former enemies. 战胜国要求战败国交付巨额赔款.
indent
/ In5dent; In`dZnt/ v  1 [Tn] make a mark or set of marks (as if) by cutting into the edge or surface of (sth) （在物体边缘或面上）造成凹陷、 凹坑或缺口: an indented (ie very irregular) coastline 犬牙交错的海岸线.  2 [I, Tn] start (a line of print or writing) further in from the margin than the other lines 缩进（排印或书写一行的前端）; 缩排; 缩格书写: Please indent the first line of each paragraph. 请於每段第一行缩格书写.  3 [Ipr] ~ (on sb) for sth (commerce 商 esp Brit) make an official order for goods or stores 订购; 订货: indent on the firm for new equipment, ie place an order for which the firm will pay 为公司订购新设备（订货由公司付款）.
indent
/ 5Indent; `IndZnt/ n (commerce 商 esp Brit) official order for stores or equipment （货物或设备）订货, 定单.
indentation
/ 9Inden5teIFn; 9IndZn`teFEn/ n  1 [U] indenting (indent 1, 2) or being indented 作凹坑或锯齿状; 缩进排印或书写.  2 [C] (a) ~ (in sth) mark made by indenting 凹陷; 凹坑; 缺口: the deep indentations of the Norwegian coastline 挪威海岸线的犬牙交错状. (b) space left at the beginning of a line of print or writing （排印或书写的）行首空格.
indentures
/ In5dentFEz; In`dZntFLz/ n [pl] (esp formerly) written contract according to which an apprentice works for and is trained by a particular employer （尤指旧时的）师徒合同.
indenture 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) contract sb to work as an apprentice 与某人签订师徒合同将之收为学徒: His son was indentured to the local blacksmith. 他的儿子拜当地的铁匠为师签订了师徒合同.
independence
/ 9IndI5pendEns; 9IndI`pZndEns/ n [U] ~ (from sb/sth) state of being independent 独立; 自主; 自立: young people who want independence from their parents 不想依赖父母的年轻人 * [attrib 作定语] independence celebrations, eg of a newly independent country 独立庆典（如新独立的国家的）.
Independence 
Day 4 July, celebrated in the US as the anniversary of the day in 1776 on which the American colonies declared themselves independent of Britain 美国独立纪念日（7月4日, 美国国庆日, 纪念1776年脱离英国而独立之日）.
independent
/ 9IndI5pendEnt; 9IndI`pZndEnt/ adj  1 ~ (of sb/sth) not dependent (on other people or things); not controlled (by other people or things) 独立的; 自主的; 自立的: old enough to be independent of one's parents 年岁已大不必依赖父母 * She never borrows anything; she's far too independent for that. 她从不向别人借东西, 她很有独立性. * Barbados was once a British colony, but now it's independent. 巴巴多斯曾是英国的殖民地, 现已独立.  2 ~ (of sb/sth) not connected with each other; separate 不相关联的; 单独的; 独自的; 分开的: Two independent investigators have reached virtually the same conclusions. 两个调查人员各自做出的结论简直完全一致.  3 financed by private rather than government money 靠私人而非政府资助的; 私立的: independent television 私营电视台 * the independent sector in education 私立的教育机构 * independent schools 私立学校.  4 not depending for its validity or operation on the thing(s) involved （不依附所涉及的事物）本身有效的或有作用的: independent evidence, proof, etc 独立的证词、 证据等.  5 not unfairly influenced by the people who are involved; impartial 未受有关的人影响的; 无偏见的: an independent witness, observer, etc 无偏见的证人、 观察者等 * We demand an independent inquiry into the government's handling of the affair. 我们要求对政府处理该事的情况作独立的调查.
independent 
n (abbr 缩写 Ind) (politics 政) MP, candidate, etc who does not belong to a political party 无党派的议员、 候选人等: stand as an independent 作为无党派候选人.
independently 
adv: Scientists in different countries, working independently of each other, have come up with very similar results. 各国科学家各自独立进行研究都得到了非常相似的结果.
independent means 
private income sufficiently large for one not to have to rely financially on anyoneelse 足以自给自足、 不必依赖他人的个人收入: a womanof independent means 靠个人收入生活的女子.
indescribable
/ 9IndI5skraIbEbl; 9IndI`skraIbEbl/ adj too bad or good to be described （好得或坏得）难以形容的: indescribable squalor 难以描述的污秽. 
indescribably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: indescribably beautiful, awful, filthy, etc 美丽得、 糟糕得、 肮脏得...无法形容.
indestructible
/ 9IndI5strQktEbl; 9IndI`strQktEbl/ adj that cannot be destroyed 不可毁灭的; 不能损坏的: Furniture for young children needs to be indestructible. 幼儿用的家具须不易损坏. * (fig joc 比喻, 谑) I'm pretty indestructible; it takes more than a bout of flu to lay me low. 我身体很壮, 得一次流感不致於躺下. 
indestructibility
/ 9IndI9strQktE5bIlEtI; 9IndI9strQktE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
indeterminable
/ 9IndI5t\:mInEbl; 9IndI`t[mInEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be decided or settled 无法决定的; 无法解决的.
indeterminate
/ 9IndI5t\:mInEt; 9IndI`t[mEnEt/ adj (a) not fixed or exact; vague; indefinite 不固定的; 不确切的; 未限定的; 模糊的: a sort of indeterminate colour, half-way between grey and brown 一种介於灰色与棕色之间说不清的颜色. (b) (mathematics 数) of no fixed value 数值不定的; 未定元的: an indeterminate quantity 不定量. 
indeterminacy
/ -nEsI; -nEsI/ n [U].
index
/ 5Indeks; `IndZks/ n (pl ~es复数作indexes; in sense 2,  ~es or  indices/ 5IndIsi:z; `IndE9siz/ 用於下述第2义时复数作indexes或indices; in sense 3, indices 用於下述第3义时复数作indices)  1 (a) list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical order 索引. (b) (also `card index) set of names, book titles, etc filed on cards, usu in alphabetical order (eg in a library) 卡片索引（如图书馆中的）.  2 (a) figure showing the relative level of prices or wages compared with that of a previous date （物价或工资的）指数: the cost-of-`living index 生活费用指数. (b) ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) thing that is a sign of sth else, esp because it increases or decreases proportionately; measure 标志; 表徵; 量度: The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the country's prosperity. 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志.  3 (mathematics 数) small number or letter showing how many times a quantity is to be multiplied by itself; exponent 指数; 幂: In b3n + x, 3 and n are indices. 在b3n + x式中, 3和n是指数.
index 
v  1 (a) [Tn] make an index for (sth) 为（某事物）编索引: The book is not well indexed. 这部书索引做得不好. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) enter sth in an index 将某事物编入索引: index all the quoted names in a book 把书中提到的所有人名编入索引.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) link (wages, pensions, etc) to increases in prices, etc 将（工资、 养老金等）与物价等的上涨相联系.
indexation
/ 9Indek5seIFn; 9IndZk`seFEn/ n [U] indexing (index v 2) of wages, pensions, etc （工资、 养老金等的）调整指数, 指数化.
index finger 
n finger next to the thumb, used for pointing 食指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图.
index-linked 
adj (of wages, pensions, etc) increased according to increases in the cost of living （指工资、 养老金等）按生活指数调整的.
Indian
/ 5IndIEn; `IndIEn/ n, adj  1 (native or inhabitant) of the Republic of India 印度共和国的（土著或居民）; 印度的; 印度人.  2 = American Indian (American): an Indian ceremony, encampment 印第安人的仪式、 营地.  3 (idm 习语) Indian/single file => file3. an ,Indian `summer (a) period of calm dry sunny weather in late autumn 小阳春, 秋老虎（深秋时平和、 乾燥、 阳光充足的天气）. (b) (fig 比喻) period of late success or improvement 迟来的成功或改进时期.
Indian club 
bottle-shaped object for use in juggling, gymnastic exercises, etc 瓶状棒（用於杂耍、 体操等的）.
Indian corn 
maize 玉蜀黍; 玉米.
Indian hemp 
= cannabis.
Indian ink 
thick black ink, used esp for drawing 墨; 墨汁.
indiarubber
/ 9IndIE5rQbE(r); 9IndIE`rQbL/ n piece of rubber for removing pencil or ink marks; eraser （擦掉字迹用的）橡皮.
indicate
/ 5IndIkeIt; `IndE9ket/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) show sth, esp by pointing 指示; 指出; 标示: a sign indicating the right road to follow 指示应走道路的标记 * With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit. 他点头示意我应坐的地方. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] be a sign of (sth); suggest the possibility or probability of 象徵（某事物）; 表明或暗示...的可能性: A red sky at night indicates fine weather the following day/indicates that the following day will be fine. 晚上天边红预示明朝天气好. (c) [Tn] give (the specified reading or measurement) on a scale 在仪表盘上显示出（某读数、 量度）: The speedometer was indicating 95 mph. 速度计指示著每小时95英里. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dp.rf, Dp.rw] ~ sth (to sb) state sth briefly or indirectly （简要或间接）表示某事物: The minister has indicated that he may resign next year. 该大臣已示意他明年可能辞职. * She has not indicated how she proposes to react. 她未表示打算做何回应.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] show the need for or advisability of (sth); call for 显示需要（某事物）; 显示（某事物）可取; 要求: With the government's failure to solve the problem of unemployment, a fresh approach is indicated. 鉴於政府未能处理好失业问题, 有必要采取新的措施. * a diagnosis of advanced cancer indicating an emergency operation 诊断为晚期癌症, 急需动手术.  4 [I, Tf] signal that one's vehicle is going to change direction 发出改变行车方向的信号: Why don't you indicate! 你为什麽不打信号! * He indicated that he was turning right, but then he turned left! 他发出右转信号, 却突然向左转了!
indication
/ 9IndI5keIFn; 9IndE`keFEn/ n  1 [U] indicating or being indicated 指示; 指标; 象徵; 预示.  2 [C, U] ~ (of sth/doing sth); ~ (as to sth/that...) remark, gesture, sign, etc that indicates sth 表示某种意 思的言语、 姿势、 记号等: She gave no indication of having heard us. 看不出她听见我们的声音了. * Can you give me some indication as to your intentions? 你究竟是什麽用意, 能向我透露一点吗? * There are indications that the situation may be improving. 有迹象表明情况可能好转.
indicative
/ In5dIkEtIv; In`dIkEtIv/ adj  1 (grammar) stating a fact or asking questions of fact 陈述的: the indicative mood 陈述语气. Cf 参看 imperative 3, infinitive, subjunctive.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/that... (fml 文) showing or suggesting sth 表示或暗示某事物: Is a large head indicative of high intelligence? 头部大是不是表示智慧高? * Their failure to act is indicative of their lack of interest/indicative that they have no interest in the problem. 他们没采取行动, 表明他们对这个问题不感兴趣.
indicator
/ 5IndIkeItE(r); `IndE9ketL/ n  1 person or thing that points out or gives information (eg a pointer or needle on a machine showing speed or pressure, etc) 指示者; 指示器; 指针: Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence of acid in a solution. 石蕊试纸可用以测试溶液是否含酸.  2 board giving up-to-date information about times of arrival or departure of trains, aircraft, etc （表示火车、 飞机等往来时刻的）指示牌: a `train indicator 列车时刻指示牌 * an ar`rivalsindicator 到达时刻指示牌.  3 device (esp a flashing light) on a vehicle showing that it is about to change direction （车辆的）方向指示装置（尤指闪动的灯光）: a `traffic-indicator 方向指示器 * His left-hand/right-hand indicator is flashing. 他的左[右]信号灯在闪动. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
indices
pl of index.
indict
/ In5daIt; In`daIt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (law 律) accuse sb officially (of sth); charge sb （就某事）控告、 起诉或告发某人: He was indicted for murder/on three counts of murder. 他被控杀人[三项谋杀罪].
indictable 
adj for which one may be indicted 可被控告或起诉的: indictable offences, ie that may be tried by a jury 可起诉的刑事罪（可由陪审团裁决的）.
indictment 
n  1 [C] (a) ~ (against sb) written statement that indicts sb 起诉书; 诉状: bring in an indictment against sb 控告某人. (b) ~ of sb/sth (fig 比喻) reason for condemning sb/sth 谴责某人[某事物]的原因: The rise in delinquency is an indictment of our society and its values. 为非作歹现象有增无已, 这是对我们的社会及其价值观的控诉.  2 [U] indicting or being indicted 控诉; 控告.
indifference
/ In5dIfrEns; In`dIfrEns/ n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) state of being indifferent; absence of interest, feeling or reaction 漠不关心; 冷淡; 无兴趣、 感觉或反应: He treated my request with indifference. 他对我的请求置若罔闻. * It's a matter of complete indifference to me, ie I do not care about it. 这件事对我来说完全无所谓. * her indifference to their appeals 她对他们的请求所抱的漠不关心的态度.
indifferent
/ In5dIfrEnt; In`dIfrEnt/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) having no interest in sb/sth; neither for nor against sb/sth; not caring about sb/sth 不感兴趣; 不置可否; 漠不关心; 满不在乎: How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people? 你怎能对饥民的疾苦无动於衷呢? * explorers indifferent to the dangers of their journey 把征途上的危险置之度外的探险家.  2 of rather low quality or ability 质量或能力低的: an indifferent book, wine, meal 质量低劣的书、 果酒、 饭食 * a very indifferent athlete 极差的运动员. 
indifferently 
adv: He nodded indifferently. 他漠然地点点头. * The team played indifferently today. 今天这个队表现很糟.
indigenous
/ In5dIdVInEs; In`dIdVEnEs/ adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) belonging naturally (to a place); native 本地的; 土产的; 当地的; 土生土长的: Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia. 袋鼠产於澳大利亚. * the indigenous language, culture, etc, ie of the people regarded as the original inhabitants of an area 本地的语言、 文化等.
indigent
/ 5IndIdVEnt; `IndEdVEnt/ adj (fml 文) poor 贫穷的.
indigence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] (fml 文) poverty 贫穷.
indigestible
/ 9IndI5dVestEbl; 9IndE`dVZstEbl/ adj difficultor impossible to digest 难消化的; 不能消化的: Fried onions can be indigestible. 炸洋葱有时很难消化. * (fig 比喻) indigestible statistics, ie hard to understand 难懂的统计资料. 
indigestibility
/ 9IndI9dVestE5bIlEtI;9IndE9dVZstE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
indigestion
/ 9IndI5dVestFEn; 9IndE`dVZstFEn/ n [U] (pain from) difficulty in digesting food 不消化; 消化不良症: suffer from indigestion 患消化不良症 * have an attack of indigestion 消化不良发作 * [attrib 作定语] indigestion pills/tablets, ie taken to cure indigestion 治消化不良的药丸[药片].
indignant
/ In5dIgnEnt; In`dI^nEnt/ adj ~ (with sb)/(at/over/about sth) angry and scornful, esp at injustice or because of undeserved blame, etc 愤慨的, 愤怒的（尤指对不公正或冤屈之事）: She was most indignant with me when I suggested she might try a little harder. 我建议她不妨再努力一些, 她竟大为恼火. * He was terribly indignant at what he saw as false accusations. 他认为那些指责皆属不实之词, 因而十分气愤.
indignantly 
adv.
indignation
/ 9IndIg5neIFn; 9IndI^`neFEn/ n [U] ~ (against sb)/(at/over/about sth) anger caused by sth thought to be unjust, unfair, etc （对不公正的事激起的）愤慨, 愤怒: general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares 公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤 * arouse sb's indignation 激起某人的愤懑 * Much to my indignation, he sat down in my seat. 我生气的是他坐在我的座位上. * righteous indignation, ie which one considers appropriate and justified (but others usu do not) 仗义的愤慨（自觉义愤填膺而别人通常不这样认为的）.
indignity
/ In5dIgnEtI; In`dI^nEtI/ n  1 [U] rude or unworthy treatment causing shame or loss of respect 侮辱; 轻蔑: be subjected to indignity and humiliation 受到侮慢和羞辱.  2 [C] thing said or done that humiliates sb 侮辱性的言行: The highjackers inflicted all kinds of indignities on their captives. 劫持者对人质百般侮辱.
indigo
/ 5IndIgEU; `IndI9^o/ n [U]  1 deep blue dye (obtained from plants) 靛, 靛青, 靛蓝（自植物中提取的颜料）.  2 its colour (in the spectrum between blue and violet) 靛蓝色: a tropical night sky of deepest indigo 靛蓝色的热带夜空. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图.
indirect
/ 9IndI5rekt, -daI5r-; 9IndE`rZkt, -daI`r-/ adj  1 not going in a straight line; circuitous 非直接的; 间接的; 迂回的: an indirect route 迂回的路线 * indirect lighting, ie by reflected light 间接照明（利用反光的）.  2 avoiding direct or explicit mention of a topic; allusive 闪烁其词的; 不直截了当的: make an indirect reference to sth 暗示某事 * an indirect answer to a question 对问题的非正面回答.  3 not primary or immediate; not directly aimed at sth; secondary 非直接相关的; 次要的: an indirect cause, reason, result 次要的原因、 理由、 结果. Cf 参看 direct. 
indirectly 
adv. 
indirectness 
n [U].
indirect object 
(grammar) additional object of certain verbs which refers to the person or thing that an action is done to or for, eg him (= to him) in Give him the money 间接宾语（如在Give him the money一句中的him即是, him = to him）. Cf 参看 object1 5.
indirect question 
(grammar) question in indirect speech 间接疑问句.
indirect speech (also reported speech) 
(grammar) reporting of what sb has said (as compared with direct reproduction of sb's words) 间接引语: In indirect speech, `He said, ``I will come''' becomes `He said he would come.' ｀他说: 　我要来.　＇在间接引语中变成｀他说他要来.＇
indirect tax 
tax that is not paid directly to the government but as an extra amount added to the price of certain goods 间接税（非直接向政府缴纳的, 而是将之加在某些商品的销售价上）.
indiscernible
/ 9IndI5s\:nEbl; 9IndI`s[nEbl/ adj that cannot be discerned 不能识别的; 辨别不清的: an indiscernible difference 难以辨别的差异.
indiscipline
/ In5dIsIplIn; In`dIsEplIn/ n [U] lack of discipline; unruliness 无纪律; 缺乏管教; 无秩序.
indiscreet
/ 9IndI5skri:t; 9IndI`skrit/ adj too open in what one says or does; lacking tact or caution 不稳重的; 不审慎的; 轻率的; 不策略的: Don't tell her any secrets; she's so indiscreet. 什麽秘密都不要告诉她, 她很不稳重. * One indiscreet remark at the wrong moment could ruin the whole plan. 若时机不当, 一言不慎, 可能毁掉整个计画.
indiscreetly 
adv.
indiscretion
/ 9IndI5skreFn; 9IndI`skrZFEn/ n  1 [U] indiscreet conduct; lack of discretion 轻率的行为; 不谨慎的言行.  2 [C] (a) indiscreet remark or act 轻率的言行. (b) offence against social conventions （违反社会准则的）过失: committing youthful indiscretions 犯年轻人的不检点的错误.
indiscriminate
/ 9IndI5skrImInEt; 9IndI`skrImEnEt/ adj (a) ~ (in sth) acting without careful judgement 不加鉴别的; 不加分析的: indiscriminate in his choice of friends （他）择友不慎重. (b) given or done without careful judgement, or at random 不加鉴别的; 任意而为的: indiscriminate praise 随意的夸奖 * indiscriminate bombing of enemy targets, eg that might kill civilians as well as damage military sites 对敌方狂轰滥炸（如既毁军事据点, 又祸及平民）. 
indiscriminately 
adv.
indisposed
/ 9IndI5spEUzd; 9IndI`spozd/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 (often euph 常作委婉语) (slightly) ill 有（小）病: She has a headache and is indisposed. 她患头疼, 略感不适.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (fml 文) not inclined or willing to do sth 不想做或无意做某事: I felt indisposed to help him. 我不愿意帮助他.
indisposition
/ 9IndIspE5zIFn; 9IndIspE`zIFEn/ n [C, U]  1 (often euph 常作委婉语) slight illness; ill health 微恙; 不健康.  2 ~ to do sth (fml 文) feeling of unwillingness or disinclination to do sth 不乐意或不情愿做某事.
indisputable
/ 9IndI5spju:tEbl; 9IndI`spjutEbl/ adj that cannot be disputed or denied 不可争辩的; 不容置疑的; 无可否认的. 
indisputably 
adv: indisputably the best tennis player in the world 世界上无疑最好的网球运动员.
indissoluble
/ 9IndI5sCljUbl; 9IndI`sBljJbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be dissolved or broken up; firm and lasting 不可溶解的; 不可分解的; 牢固持久的: indissoluble bonds of friendship between the two men 这两个人之间牢不可破的友谊 * The Roman Catholic Church regards marriage as indissoluble. 天主教会认为婚姻关系是不容解除的. 
indissolubility
/ 9IndI9sCljU5bIlEtI;9IndI`sBljJ`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
indissolubly
/ 9IndI5sCljUblI;9IndI`sBljJblI/ adv.
indistinct
/ 9IndI5stINkt; 9IndI`stINkt/ adj not distinct; vague 不清楚的; 模糊的: indistinct speech 含糊的讲话 * indistinct sounds, memories 不清晰的声音、 记忆. 
indistinctly 
adv. 
indistinctness 
n [U].
indistinguishable
/ 9IndI5stINgwIFEbl; 9IndI`stIN^wIFEbl/adj ~ (from sth) that cannot be identified as different or distinct; (virtually) identical 不能区别的; 无法辨别的; （实际上）完全相同的: Its colour makes the moth indistinguishable from the branch it rests on. 这蛾子停在树枝上, 其颜色和树枝几不可辨. 
indistinguishably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
indium
/ 5IndIEm; `IndIEm/ n [U] (chemistry 化) soft silvery metallic element found in small quantities in zincores and used to make transistors 铟 =>App 10 见附录10.
individual
/ 9IndI5vIdVUEl; 9IndE`vIdVJEl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (esp after each 尤用於each之後) single; separate 单独的; 个别的: Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每人均须对自己的计画负责.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of or for one person 一个人的; 供一个人用的: food served in individual portions 按一人一份儿供给的食物 * It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class. 教师在人数多的班上很难对各个学生都照顾到. (b) by or from one person 靠个人的; 来自个人的: an individual effort, contribution, etc 个人的努力、 贡献等. Cf 参看 collective.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] characteristic of a single person, animal, plant or thing; particular （人、 动植物或事物）独特的, 特有的: an individual style of dress 个人的衣著风格 * (approv 褒) He writes in a very individual way, ie an original way, not derived or imitative 他的写作方法别具一格（有独创方式, 不沿袭或模仿他人）.
individual 
n  1 single human being 个人: the rights of an/the individual compared with those of society as a whole 针对社会整体权利而言的个人权利.  2 (infml 口) person of the specified sort 有某种特点的人: a pleasant, unpleasant, etc individual 和蔼可亲的、 讨人厌的...人 * What a strange individual! 多怪的家伙!  3 (approv or derog 褒或贬) unusual or eccentric person 不寻常的或古怪的人: He's quite an individual! 他是个十足的怪人!
individually
/ -dVUElI; -dVJElI/ adv separately; one by one 分别地; 各个地; 各自地: speak to each member of a group individually 对组里每个人逐个地说.
individualize, individualise
/ 9IndI5vIdVUElaIz; 9IndE`vIdVJEl9aIz/ v  1 [Tn] give an individual, a distinct or a personal character to (sth); characterize; personalize 使（某事物）个性化、 具有个人特色或个体化: Does your style of writing individualize your work? 你的写作风格是否体现在你的作品中了? * Prisoners try to individualize their cells by hanging up pictures, etc. 监犯在牢房里挂上了画片等东西, 都想营造些个人气氛. * individualized writing paper, ie made for a particular person with his/her address, etc printed on it 私人用笺（印有私人地址等的）.  2 [I, Tn] treat (sth) separately; specify; particularize对（某事物）个别对待; 指明; 个别列举.
individualism
/ 9IndI5vIdVUElIzEm; 9IndE`vIdVJEl9IzEm/ n [U]  1 feeling or behaviour of a person who likes to do things his/her own way, regardless of what other people do （不管别人怎样做）只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为; 我行我素.  2 theory that favours free action and complete liberty of belief for each individual person (contrasted with the theory that favours the supremacy of the state) 个人主义.
individualist
/ -ElIst; -ElIst/ n  1 person who behaves with individualism(1) 我行我素的人: a rugged individualist 豪爽的自行其是的人.  2 supporter of the theory of individualism(2) 个人主义者.
individualistic
/ 9IndI9vIdVUE5lIstIk; 9IndE9vIdVJEl`IstIk/adj of individualism or its principles 我行我素的; 个人主义的. 
individualistically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
individuality
/ 9IndI9vIdVU5AlEtI; 9IndE9vIdVJ`AlEtI/ n  1 [U] all the characteristics that belong to a particular person and that make him/her different from others 个性; 个人特徵: a man of marked individuality 个性突出的男子 * the individuality of sb's work, style, etc 某人工作、 风格等的特色.  2 [U] state of separate existence 个人: The state often presents a threat to individuality. 国家的利益往往对个人自由构成威胁.  3 individualities [pl] individual tastes, preferences, etc 个人的趣味、 爱好等: cater for different people's individualities 迎合人们各式各样的爱好.
indivisible
/ 9IndI5vIzEbl; 9IndE`vIzEbl/ adj that cannot be divided 不可分割的. 
indivisibility
/ 9IndI9vIzI5bIlEtI; 9IndE9vIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
indivisibly
/ 9IndI5vIzEblI;9IndE`vIzEblI/ adv.
Indo-
comb form 构词成分 Indian; of India 印度人; 印度的: the Indo-Pakistan border.
Indo-European
/ 9IndEU9jUErE5pi:En; 9Indo9jJrE`piEn/ adj of the family of languages spoken originally in Europe and parts of western Asia (including eg English, French, German, Latin, Greek, Swedish, Hindi, etc) 印欧语系的（最初在欧洲和西亚部分地区说的语言, 包括英语、 法语、 德语、 拉丁语、 希腊语、 瑞典语、 印地语等）
indoctrinate
/ In5dCktrIneIt; In`dBktrIn9et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (with sth/against sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) cause sb to have (a particular set of beliefs), esp by teaching which excludes any other points of view 向某人灌输（学说或信仰）（尤指排斥其他观点的）: teachers who indoctrinate children with antisocial theories 向儿童灌输反社会学说的教师 * a religious organization which indoctrinates young people against their parents/to disobey their parents 向年轻人灌输反对父母[不听父母话]的思想的宗教组织.
indoctrination
/ In9dCktrI5neIFn; In9dBktrI`neFEn/ n [U] ~ (with/in/against sth) indoctrinating 灌输: indoctrination of prisoners 对监犯进行的思想灌输 * indoctrination of converts in the ways of their new religion 向新皈依者灌输教义.
indolent
/ 5IndElEnt; `IndElEnt/ adj (fml 文) lazy; inactive 懒惰的; 不活跃的; 不活动的. 
indolence
/-Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
indolently 
adv.
indomitable
/ In5dCmItEbl; In`dBmEtEbl/ adj (fml approv 文, 褒) that cannot be subdued or defeated; unyielding 不可屈服的; 不可战胜的: indomitable courage 大无畏的勇气 * an indomitable will 不屈不挠的意志. 
indomitably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
indoor
/ 5IndR:(r); `In9dRr/ adj [attrib 作定语] carried on or situated inside a building; used in or suitable for the inside of a building 在室内进行的或放置的; 使用於或适用於室内的: indoor games, photography, activities 室内游戏、 摄影、 活动 * an indoor swimming-pool 室内游泳池 * indoor clothes 室内用的衣物. Cf 参看 outdoor.
indoor
/ 9In5dR:z; `In`dRrz/ adv in or into a building 在室内; 往室内: go/stay indoors 进[留在]屋内 * kept indoors all week by bad weather 天气恶劣, 整个星期足不出户. Cf 参看 outdoors.
indorse
= endorse.
indrawn
/ 9In5drR:n; `In`drRn/ adj [attrib 作定语] drawn in, esp inhaled 吸入的（尤指吸气）: All that betrayed his surprise was a sharply indrawn breath. 他大大吸了一口气, 无意中流露出他吃了一惊.
indubitable
/ In5dju:bItEbl; ?@ -5du:-; In`dubItEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be doubted; without doubt 不容置疑的; 无可怀疑的. 
indubitably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: That is indubitably the best course of action. 那无疑是上策.
induce
/ In5dju:s; ?@ -du:s; In`dus/ v  1 [Cn.t] (a) persuade or influence (sb) to do sth 劝诱或促使（某人）做某事: We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去. (b) lead or cause (sb) to do sth 导致或使得（某人）做某事: What induced you to do such a stupid thing? 是什麽促使你做出这等蠢事来的?  2 [Tn] (a) bring (sth) about; cause 引起或诱发（某事）; 产生; 造成: illness induced by overwork 过劳造成的疾病. (b) (medical 医) cause (a woman) to begin (childbirth) by means of drugs 用药物为（孕妇）催产: an induced labour 催生 * We'll have to induce her. 我们得给她引产.
inducement 
n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) (a) that which persuades; incentive 引诱; 鼓励; 刺激; 诱因: They have little inducement to work harder. 他们没有什麽更加努力工作的好处. (b) (euph 婉) bribe; bribery 收买; 贿赂: offer sb an inducement 向某人行贿.
inducible 
adj that can be induced 可诱导的; 可诱发的.
induct
/ In5dQkt; In`dQkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (to/into/as sth) install sb formally or with ceremony in a position or an office; admit sb as a member of sth 使某人正式就职; 吸收某人为成员: induct sb to/into the priesthood/as a priest 使某人就任牧师职位[任职牧师].
induction
/ In5dQkFn; In`dQkFEn/ n [U]  1 ~ (into sth/as sb/sth) inducting or being inducted; initiation 就职; 接纳会员; 成为会员: the induction of new employees into their jobs 新雇员参加工作 * his induction as a priest 他之就任牧师 * [attrib 作定语] an induction course, ie to give a new employee, entrant, etc general knowledge of future activities, requirements, etc 入门课（向新雇员、 新成员等介绍情况、 要求等）.  2 inducing 诱导; 引发; 催产: the induction of labour, ie in childbirth 引产（接生时的）.  3 method of logical reasoning which obtains or discovers general laws from particular facts or examples归纳法. Cf 参看 deduction 1.  4 (physics 物) productionof an electric or a magnetic state in an object (eg a circuit) by bringing an electrified or a magnetic object close to but not touching it, or by varying a magnetic field 电磁感应.  5 (engineering 工) drawing a fuel mixture into the cylinder(s) of an internal combustion engine 吸气, 进气（内燃机汽缸吸进油与空气混合物的工作过程）: [attrib 作定语] a fuel-induction system 燃油进气系统.
induction-coil 
n (physics 物) transformer for producing a high voltage from a low voltage 感应线圈.
induction motor 
(physics 物) type of electric motor in which a magnetic field is created that produces an electric current 感应电动机.
inductive
/ In5dQktIv; In`dQktIv/ adj  1 (of logic, mathematics) based on induction （指逻辑学、 数学）归纳的, 归纳法的: inductive reasoning 归纳推理.  2 (physics 物) of magnetic or electrical induction 电磁感应的. 
inductively 
adv.
indulge
/ In5dQldV; In`dQldV/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (with sth) allow oneself/sb to have whatever one/he likes or wants 放纵自己[某人]: They indulge their child too much; it's bad for his character. 他们过分纵容孩子, 这对孩子的性格有不良影响. * I'm really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. 今天晚上我可真要放纵一下自己, 喝他一瓶香槟. (b) [Tn] (fml 文) allow (sb) to proceed without interrupting or hindering him 容许或迁就（某人）做要做的事: If you will indulge me for one moment (ie allow me to continue to speak), I think I can explain the matter to you. 你要是容我把话说完, 我想我可以把此事给你解释清楚.  2 [Tn] satisfy (a perhaps unwarranted or illicit desire) 满足（可能为不正当的或不应有的愿望）: Will you indulge my curiosity and tell me how much it cost? 你能不能满足我的好奇心, 告诉我那值多少钱? * She indulges his every whim. 她对他的怪念头有求必应.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of sth 让自己尽情享受某事物: I shall forget about dieting today. I'm just going to indulge, ie eat and drink what I like. 今天我要把节食计画置之脑後, 想吃什麽就吃什麽. * indulge in (the luxury of) a long hot bath （奢侈地）享受一下泡在浴缸里洗上半天热水澡的美滋味.
indulgent
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj inclined to indulge 放纵的; 纵容的: indulgent parents, ie parents who allow their children to have or do anything 纵容子女的父母. 
indulgently 
adv.
indulgence
/ In5dQldVEns; In`dQldVEns/ n  1 [U] state of being allowed whatever one wants 放纵; 纵容: a life of (self-)indulgence, ie gratifying oneself （自我）放纵的生活 * If I may crave your indulgence for one moment... 祈蒙俯允赐时片刻....  2 [U] ~ in sth (habit of) satisfying one's own desires 放纵, 任性（的习惯）: Constant indulgence in bad habits brought about his ruin. 他长期耽於恶习, 结果毁了自己.  3 [C] thing in which a person indulges 嗜好; 爱好: A cigar after dinner is my only indulgence. 饭後一枝雪茄是我唯一的嗜好.  4 (a) [U] (in the Roman Catholic Church) granting of freedom from punishment for sin （天主教会的）特赦; 赦免; 免罪. (b) [C] instance of this 特赦; 赦免; 免罪: selling indulgences 出售赎罪券.
industrial
/ In5dQstrIEl; In`dQstrIEl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of or engaged in industry 工业的; 产业的; 从事工业的: industrial workers 产业工人 * industrial development 工业发展.  2 for use in industry 用於工业的: industrialdiamonds 工业用金钢石.  3 having many well-developedindustries 工业发达的: an industrial country, society, etc 工业发达的国家、 社会等 * the industrial areas of England 英格兰的工业地区.
industrialism
/ -IzEm; -9IzEm/ n social system in which large industries have an important part 工业主义, 产业主义（以大型工业为主的社会体制）.
industrialist
/ -Ist; -Ist/ n owner of a large industrial firm 工业家; 实业家.
industrialize, industrialise
/ -aIz; -9aIz/ v [Tn] develop (a country or an area) extensively with industries 使（国家或地区）工业化: the industrialized nations 工业化国家. 
industrialization, industrialisation
/ In9dQstrIElaI5zeIFn; ?@-lIz-; In9dQstrIElE`zeFEn/ n [U].
industrially
/ -ElI; -ElI/ adv.
industrial action 
refusing to work normally; striking 工业行动; 怠工; 罢工: take industrial action, ie strike 采取工业行动（罢工）.
industrial alcohol 
alcohol for industrial use (not for drinking) 工业用酒精（非饮用的）.
industrial dispute 
disagreement between workers and management 劳资纠纷.
industrial estate 
area of land, usu on the edge of a town, containing factories 工业区（通常位於市郊）. Cf 参看 trading estate (trade2).
industrial relations 
dealings between employers and employees 劳资关系: setting up a combined workers/management committee to foster good industrial relations 为促进良好的劳资关系建立劳资联合委员会.
the Industrial Revolution 
development of Britain and other western nations into industrial societies in the 18th and 19th centuries 工业革命, 产业革命（18及19世纪英国及其他西方国家转变为工业社会的发展过程）.
industrious
/ In5dQstrIEs; In`dQstrIEs/ adj hard-working; diligent 勤劳的; 勤奋的; 勤勉的. 
industriously 
adv. 
industriousness 
n [U].
industry
/ 5IndEstrI; `IndEstrI/ n  1 [C, U] (a) (branch of) manufacture or production 制造或生产（的部门）; 工业; 企业; 行业: Britain's coal industry 英国的煤炭工业 * heavy industry, ie producing large goods, eg steel or cars 重工业 * nationalized industries 国有化工业. (b) commercial undertaking that provides services （行）业（提供服务的商业性部门）: the catering, hotel, tourist, entertainment, etc industry 饮食、 旅馆、 旅游、 娱乐等（行）业.  2 [U] (fml 文) quality of being hard-working 勤奋; 勤劳: praise sb for his industry 赞扬某人勤奋 *The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold. 这些小蚂蚁很勤奋, 看起来多奇妙.  3 (idm 习语) a captain of industry =>captain.
inebriated
/ I5ni:brIeItId; In`ibrI9etId/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml or joc 文或谑) drunk; intoxicated 喝醉; 醉醺醺: (fig 比喻) inebriated (ie uncontrollably excited) by his success 他因成功而陶醉.
inebriate
/ I5ni:brIEt; In`ibrIEt/ adj, n (fml 文) habitually drunk (person) 醉醺醺的; 酒徒; 酒鬼.
inebriation
/ I9ni:brI5eIFn; In9ibrI`eFEn/ n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) drunkenness 醉; 酒醉.
inedible
/ In5edIbl; In`ZdEbl/ adj (fml 文) not suitable to be eaten 不宜食用的; 不能吃的: The fish was quite inedible. 这种鱼完全不宜食用. Cf 参看 uneatable.
ineffable
/ In5efEbl; In`ZfEbl/ adj (fml 文) too great to be described in words 不可言喻的; 难用言语表达的; 不可言状的: ineffable joy, beauty, etc 难以形容的喜悦、 美丽等. 
ineffably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
ineffective
/ 9InI5fektIv; 9InE`fZktIv/ adj not producing the required effect(s) 不起作用的; 无效果的; 效果不佳的: use ineffective methods 使用无效的方法 * She is totally ineffective as a teacher, ie She cannot teach satisfactorily. 她当老师全然不称职.
ineffectively 
adv. 
ineffectiveness 
n [U].
ineffectual
/ 9InI5fektFUEl; 9InE`fZktFJEl/ adj lacking confidence and unable to get things done; without effect 信心不足而又无能为力的; 无效的; 不起作用的: make ineffectual attempts to do sth 徒然尝试做某事 * ineffectual as a leader, teacher, etc 作领袖、 作教师等不能胜任的 * a well-meaning but ineffectual person 心有余而力不足的人. 
ineffectually
/ -tFUElI; -tFJElI/ adv.
inefficient
/ 9InI5fIFnt; 9InE`fIFEnt/ adj  1 (of a machine, process, etc) not producing adequate results; wasteful （指机器、 方法等）无效率的, 无效果的, 效率低的, 不经济的: an inefficient system, method, use of resources, etc 不经济的体制、 方法、 资源利用等.  2 (of a person) wasting time, energy, etc in what one does, and therefore failing to do it well or quickly enough （指人）做事效率低的, 能力差的, 不称职的: dismissed for being inefficient 因效率低遭辞退 * an inefficient management, administration, body of workers, etc 效率低的经理人员、 行政机构、 一群工人等. 
inefficiency
/ -nsI; -EnsI/ n [U]: dismissed for inefficiency 因能力差遭解雇. 
inefficiently 
adv.
inelastic
/ 9InI5lAstIk; 9InI`lAstIk/ adj not flexible or adaptable; unyielding 无弹性的; 无适应性的; 无伸缩性的: (fig 比喻) This timetable is too inelastic. You must allow for possible modifications. 这个时间表太死了, 你总得留有余地吧.
inelegant
/ 9In5elIgEnt; In`ZlE^Ent/ adj not graceful or refined; ugly 不优美的; 不雅的; 不精致的; 丑陋的: an inelegant gesture, reply 有失风雅的姿势、 答覆. 
inelegance
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
inelegantly 
adv.
ineligible
/ In5elIdVEbl; In`ZlIdVEbl/ adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) not having the appropriate or necessary qualifications (for sth) 不合格的; 无资格的: ineligible for the job, for promotion 无资格做该项工作、 晋升 * Any person under the age of 18 is ineligible for benefit.未满18岁者无资格领取补助金. 
ineligibility
/ In9elIdVE5bIlEtI; In9ZlIdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
ineluctable
/ 9InI5lQktEbl; 9InI`lQktEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be escaped from 不可避免的; 难免的: the victim of ineluctable fate 难逃厄运的牺牲品. 
ineluctably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inept
/ I5nept; In`Zpt/ adj (a) ~ (at sth/doing sth) completely unskilful (at sth) 不熟练的; 不擅长的: I've never heard anyone so inept at making speeches. 我从未听说过有这样不会讲话的人. * His inept handling of a minor problem turned it into a major crisis. 他处理不善使小事变大了. (b) said or done at the wrong time; not appropriate or tactful 不合适的; 不恰当的; 不策略的: an inept remark 不当的言语.
ineptitude
/ I5neptItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; In`ZptE9tud/ n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等.
ineptly 
adv.
inequality
/ 9InI5kwClEtI; 9InI`kwBlEtI/ n (a) [U] lack of equality in size, degree, circumstances, etc, esp unfair difference in rank, wealth, opportunity, etc （大小、 程度、 环境等）不均等, 不平等, 不平衡, 不等量（尤指等级、 财富、 机会等的不公平差异）: fight against political, racial, etc inequality 反对政治的、 种族的...不平等. (b) [C] instance of this 不平等; 不均等; 不平衡: Inequalities in wealth cause social unrest. 贫富不均可造成社会动荡.
inequitable
/ In5ekwItEbl; In`ZkwItEbl/ adj (fml 文) unjust; unfair 不公正的; 不公平的: an inequitable divisionof the profits 利润之不公平分配. 
inequitably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inequity
/ In5ekwEtI; In`ZkwEtI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] injustice or unfairness 不公正; 不公平: the inequity of the system 制度的不公正. (b) [C] instance of this 不公正; 不公平.
ineradicable
/ 9InI5rAdIkEbl; 9InI`rAdIkEbl/ adj (esp of sth bad) that cannot be got rid of; firmly and deeply established （尤指坏事）不能根除的, 根深蒂固的, 积重难返的: ineradicable faults, failings, prejudices, etc 不能根除的缺点、 过失、 成见等. 
ineradicably
/ -EblI;-EblI/ adv.
inert
/ I5n\:t; In`[t/ adj  1 without power to move or act 无行动或活动能力的: She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质.  2 (derog 贬) heavy and slow in action, thought, etc; without vigour 迟钝的; 迟缓的; 呆滞的: an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层. 
inertly 
adv. 
inertness 
n [U].
inert gas 
gas (eg helium, neon) that does not react chemically with other substances 惰性气体.
inertia
/ I5n\:FE; In`[FE/ n [U]  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) lack of vigour; lethargy 无活力; 迟钝: I'm unable to throw off this feeling of inertia. 我无法摆脱这种懒散的感觉. (b) tendency to remain unchanged 惰性; 保守: Because of the sheer inertia of the system many badly needed reforms were never introduced. 纯粹是由於制度本身有惰性, 很多事急需改革却从未实行.  2 (physics 物) property of matter by which it remains in a state of rest or, if in motion, continues moving in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force 惯性.
inertial
/ I5n\:Fl; In`[FEl/ adj of or by inertia 惯性的: a missile's inertial guidance system 导弹惯性制导系统.
inertia reel 
type of reel round which one end of a safety-belt is wound so that the belt will tighten automatically over the wearer if it is pulled suddenly 惯性卷筒（安全带伸缩装置, 突然受力时可自动　紧以保护使用者）.
inertia seat-belt 
seat-belt incorporating an inertia reel 惯性卷筒式座位安全带.
inertia selling 
(esp Brit) sending of goods to a person who has not ordered them, in the hope that he will not refuse them and will therefore later have to pay for them 惯性销售（将货物送至未订购者处, 希不遭退货而成交, 事後清帐）.
inescapable
/ 9InI5skeIpEbl; 9InE`skepEbl/ adj that cannot be avoided; inevitable 不可逃避的; 不可避免的;难免的; 免不了的: be forced to the inescapable conclusionthat he is a liar 只能作出舍此无他的结论, 他撒谎了. 
inescapably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inestimable
/ In5estImEbl; In`ZstEmEbl/ adj (fml 文) too great, precious, etc to be estimated （因过大、 过於贵重等）难以估量的, 无法评价的: The value of your assistance is inestimable. 阁下鼎力相助之功不可胜言. 
inestimably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inevitable
/ In5evItEbl; In`ZvEtEbl/ adj  1 that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happen 不可避免的; 必然发生的; 难免的: an inevitable disaster 不可避免的灾难 * It seems inevitable that they'll lose. 看来他们的败局是势不可免了.  2 [attrib 作定语] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) so frequently seen, heard, etc that it is familiar and expected 在意料中的; 熟悉的; 惯常的: a tourist with his inevitable camera 惯常带著照相机的游客.
inevitability
/ In9evItE5bIlEtI; 9InZvEtE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
the inevitable 
n [sing] that which is inevitable 不可避免的事物; 必然性: accept the inevitable 承受不可避免的事物.
inevitably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv as is or was sure to happen 不可避免地; 必然地: The train was inevitably delayed by the accident. 火车不可避免地受到这事故的耽误.
inexact
/ 9InIg5zAkt; 9InI^`zAkt/ adj not exact or precise 不准确的; 不精确的; 不严谨的: Weather forecasting is an inexact science. 天气预报是一门模糊的科学.
inexactitude
/ 9InIg5zAktItju:d; ?@ -tItu:d; 9InI^`zAktE9tud/ n (a) [U] being inexact 不准确; 不精确. (b) [C] instance of this 不准确; 不精确: (joc euph 谑, 婉) a terminological inexactitude, ie a lie 术语误差（即谎言）.
inexcusable
/ 9InIk5skju:zEbl; 9InIk`skjuzEbl/ adj too bad to be excused 不可原谅的; 不可宽恕的; 不可辩解的: inexcusable conduct, delays, inefficiency 不可原谅的行为、 耽搁、 低效率. 
inexcusably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: inexcusably rude, late, etc 粗暴得、 迟迟未到...难以容忍.
inexhaustible
/ 9InIg5zR:stEbl; 9InI^`zRstEbl/ adj that will always continue; that cannot be used up 无穷尽的; 用不完的: an inexhaustible supply of sth 某物源源不绝的供应 * My patience is not inexhaustible, ie I will eventually become angry or impatient. 我的耐心是有限度的. 
inexhaustibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inexorable
/ In5eksErEbl; In`ZksErEbl/ adj continuing unstoppably; relentless 不可阻挡的; 坚持不懈的; 无情的: inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求、 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展. 
inexorability
/ In9eksErE5bIlEtI; In9ZksErE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inexorably
/ In5eksErEblI; In`ZksErEblI/ adv.
inexpedient
/ 9InIk5spi:dIEnt; 9InIk`spidIEnt/ adj (fml 文) not serving a useful purpose; unwise; not expedient 不合宜的; 失策的; 不明智的: It would be inexpedient to inform them at this stage. 在目前阶段就通知他们很不妥当. 
inexpediency
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n [U].
inexpensive
/ 9InIk5spensIv; 9InIk`spZnsIv/ adj low priced; not expensive 价廉的; 不贵的. 
inexpensively 
adv.
inexperience
/ 9InIk5spIErIEns; 9InIk`spIrIEns/ n [U] ~ (in sth) lack of experience 无经验; 缺乏经验: failure due to inexperience 因无经验而失败 * You must forgive my inexperience in these matters. 我在这些事情上没有经验, 你得多包涵.
inexperienced 
adj ~ (in sth) lacking experience 无经验的; 缺乏经验的: inexperienced in love, business, negotiation 在恋爱、 经商、 谈判方面无经验.
inexpert
/ In5eksp\:t; In`Zksp[t/ adj ~ (at sth) unskilled不熟练的; 无技巧的: inexpert advice, guidance, etc 不在行的劝告、 指导等. 
inexpertly 
adv: an inexpertly executed stroke 不熟练地一击.
inexpiable
/ In5ekspIEbl; In`ZkspIEbl/ adj (fml 文) (of an offence) so bad that nothing one can do can make up for it; that cannot be expiated （指罪过）不能自赎的, 不可抵偿的.
inexplicable
/ 9InIk5splIkEbl; 9InIk`splIkEbl/ adj that cannot be explained 无法解释的: an inexplicable phenomenon 神秘莫测的现象. 
inexplicability
/ 9InIk9splIkE5bIlEtI; 9InIk9splIkE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inexplicably
/ 9InIk5splIkEblI; 9InIk`splIkEblI/ adv: Inexplicably, she never turned up. 令人不解的是, 她从未露面.
inexpressible
/ 9InIk5spresEbl; 9InIk`sprZsEbl/ adj too great to be expressed in words 无法用言语表达的: inexpressible sorrow, anguish, joy, etc 难以形容的悲哀、 痛苦、 喜悦等. 
inexpressibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: inexpressibly sad 悲伤得无法用言语表达.
inextinguishable
/ 9InIk5stINgwIFEbl; 9InIk`stIN^wIFEbl/adj (fml 文) that cannot be extinguished or put out 不能熄灭或扑灭的: the inextinguishable flame of liberty 不可扑灭的自由之火 * (fig 比喻) inextinguishable hope, love, desire, etc 不可遏止的希望、 爱情、 欲望等. 
inextinguishably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inextricable
/ 9InIk5strIkEbl, In5ekstrIkEbl; 9InIk`strIkEbl,In`ZkstrIkEbl/ adj  1 so closely linked that separation is impossible 无法分开的: In the Middle Ages, philosophy and theology were inextricable. 在中世纪, 哲学与神学是不分的.  2 that cannot be escaped from 不能逃避的:inextricable difficulties 无法避免的困难. 
inextricably
adv: Her career was inextricably linked with his. 她的事业是和他的事业紧密联系在一起的.
inf
abbr 缩写 = below; further on (in a book, etc) (Latin infra) 在下面, （书等的）下文（源自拉丁文infra）. Cf 参看 sup abbr 缩写.
infallible
/ In5fAlEbl; In`fAlEbl/ adj  1 incapable of making mistakes or doing wrong 不会犯错误的; 不可能错的; 无过失的: None of us is infallible. 我们无人不犯错误.  2 extremely accurate 极准确的; 极精确的: a journalist with an infallible nose (ie instinct) for a story 触角敏锐的新闻记者.  3 never failing; always effective 绝对可靠的; 永远有效的; 万无一失的: an infallible remedy, cure, method, test 万无一失的处方、 妙药、 方法、 试验.
infallibility
/ In9fAlE5bIlEtI; In9fAlE`bIlEtI/ n [U]  1 complete freedom from the possibility of being wrong 绝对正确; 断无错误: the doctrine of Papal infallibility 教皇无谬说的教义.  2 absolute certainty of effectiveness 绝对有效: I can't claim infallibility for this method. 我不敢说这方法绝对有效.
infallibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv  1 in a manner that cannot fail 不可能错地; 万无一失地: infallibly accurate 绝对准确.  2 without exception; always 毫无例外地; 总是; 永远: Every day she arrives, infallibly, five minutes late. I could time my watch by her! 她每天晚到五分钟, 从无例外, 我都能依照她来对表!
infamous
/ 5InfEmEs; `InfEmEs/ adj  1 ~ (for sth) well-known as being wicked or immoral; notorious 声名狼藉的; 恶名昭著的: an infamous traitor 臭名昭彰的叛徒 * a king infamous for his cruelty 以残暴而臭名远扬的国王.  2 (fml 文) wicked; disgraceful 邪恶的; 无耻的; 丢脸的: his infamous treatment of her 他对她恶毒的虐待.
infamously 
adv.
infamy
/ 5InfEmI; `InfEmI/ n (fml 文)  1 (a) [U] infamousbehaviour; wickedness 丑事; 邪恶. (b) [C] wicked act 恶行: guilty of many infamies 罪恶多端.  2 [U] public dishonour or disgrace 臭名; 恶名; 丢脸; 耻辱: His name will live in infamy, ie He will always be held in disgrace. 他的名字将与耻辱共存.
infancy
/ 5InfEnsI; `InfEnsI/ n [U]  1 (a) state or period of being an infant; early childhood 婴儿期; 幼儿期: in early infancy 在婴儿时期. (b) (Brit law 律) period before one reaches the age of 18; minority 未成年（未满18岁者）.  2 (fig 比喻) early stage of development or growth （发展或生长的）初期: The project was cancelled while it was still in its infancy. 这项目尚处於初期阶段时就取消了.
infant
/ 5InfEnt; `InfEnt/ n  1 child during the first few years of life 婴儿; 幼儿: infants, older children and adults 幼儿、 大孩子和成人 * [attrib 作定语] our infant `son 我们的幼小的儿子 * infant `voices 童声 * infant mor`tality rate, ie percentage of children that die in the first few years of life 幼儿死亡率 * an `infant teacher, ie one who teaches infants 幼儿教师 * (fig 比喻) In its first general election, the infant (ie newly-formed) Social Democratic Party won few seats. 新成立的社会民主党初次参加大选所得席位无几.  2 (Brit law 律) person under the age of 18; minor 未成年人（18岁以下者）.
infant prodigy 
unusually talented child that shows signs of genius from an early age 神童.
infant school 
(part of a) primary school for children up to the age of 7 幼儿学校（为七岁以下儿童设置的）.
infanticide
/ In5fAntIsaId; In`fAntE9saId/ n  1 [U] (a) crimeof killing an infant 杀婴（杀害婴儿的罪行）: commit infanticide 犯杀婴罪. (b) (formerly) custom among some people of killing unwanted new-born children （旧时）有些人将不想要的新生儿杀掉的风俗.  2 [C] person who kills an infant 杀害婴儿的人.
infantile
/ 5InfEntaIl; `InfEn9taIl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of infants or infancy 婴儿（期）的; 幼儿（期）的: infantile diseases 幼儿疾病.  2 (derog 贬) (esp of older children or adults) childish （尤指大孩子或成年人）孩子气的, 幼稚的: infantile behaviour 孩子气的行为.
infantilism
/ In5fAntIlIzEm; In`fAntEl9IzEm/ n [U] (of older children and adults) mentally and physically underdeveloped state （指大孩子和成年人）幼稚病, 幼稚型（生理和智力发育不良的状态）.
infantile paralysis 
(dated 旧) poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹症（脊髓灰质炎）.
infantry
/ 5InfEntrI; `InfEntrI/ n [U, Gp] soldiers who fight on foot 步兵: We have less infantry and armour than the enemy. 我们的步兵和装甲兵均比敌军的少. * The infantry is/are defending well. 步兵防守甚佳. * [attrib 作定语] an infantry regiment 步兵团. Cf 参看 cavalry.
infantryman
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men) soldier in an infantry regiment 步兵团的士兵; 步兵.
infatuated
/ In5fAtFUeItId; In`fAtFJetId/ adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋著的,（通常指）痴情的: It's no use talking to him: he's completely infatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事.
infatuation
/ In9fAtFU5eIFn; In9fAtFJ`eFEn/ n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.
infect
/ In5fekt; In`fZkt/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth)  1 cause sb/sth to have a disease; contaminate sb/sth 使某人[某物]传染、 感染; 污染某人[某事物]: The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria. 实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染. * an infected wound 受到感染的伤口 * Clean the infected area with disinfectant. 把受感染的部分用消毒剂消毒. * Police have sealed off infected areas of the country. 警方已将全国各感染区封锁了.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) fill (sb's mind) with undesirable ideas 用坏思想感染（某人的思想）: a mind infected with racial prejudice 受到种族偏见影响的头脑.  3 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) fill (sb's mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings 用快乐的、 好的思想感情感染（某人的心灵）: Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class, ie They became happy too. 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班.
infection
/ In5fekFn; In`fZkFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (with sth) (a) becoming ill through contact with bacteria, etc 传染; 感染; 侵染: be exposed to infection 处於受感染范围 * the infection of the body with bacteria 身体受细菌侵染.(b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) filling the mind with undesirableideas 头脑中充斥著坏思想: the infection of young people with dangerous ideologies 危险的思想意识对年轻人的影响.  2 [C] disease caused by a micro-organism 传染病: spread/pass on an infection 传播[传染]某种病 * People catch all kinds of infections in the winter. 冬天人们易患多种传染病. * an airborne/a waterborne infection 由空气[水]传播的传染病. Cf 参看 contagion.
infectious
/ In5fekFEs; In`fZkFEs/ adj  1 (of a disease) caused by bacteria, etc that are passed on from one person to another （指疾病）传染的, 感染的: Flu is highly infectious. 流感的传染性很强.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a person) in danger of infecting others (with a disease) （指人）能传染他人（疾病）: While you have this rash you are still infectious. 身上还有这种疹子, 就仍然有传染性.  3 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) quickly influencing others; likely to spread to others 有感染力的; 易传播给他人的: infectious enthusiasm 有感染力的热情 * an infectious laugh 有感染作用的笑声. 
infectiously 
adv: laugh infectiously 笑得富有感染力. 
infectiousness 
n [U]. Cf 参看 contagious.
infer
/ In5f\:(r); In`f[/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sth （根据事实或推理）推断, 推定（一想法）; 得出某事物的结论: It is possible to infer two completely opposite conclusions from this set of facts. 从这些事实中可能推断出两种截然相反的结论. * Am I to infer (from your remarks) that you think I'm not telling the truth? （从你的话中）看来你认为我没说实话? Cf 参看 imply.
inference
/ 5InfErEns; `InfErEns/ n  1 [U] process of inferring 推论; 推理; 推断: If he is guilty then by inference so is she, ie This conclusion follows logically from the same set of facts. 如果他有罪, 可推断出她也有罪.  2 [C] ~ (from sth) (that...) that which is inferred; conclusion 结论; 推断结果: Is that a fair inference (to draw) from his statement? 从他的说法中得出这种结论恰当吗? * She'd begun spending a lot of money, and the obvious inference was that she'd stolen it. 她花起钱来大手大脚了, 事情很明显, 钱是偷来的. 
inferential
/ 9InfE5renFl; 9InfE`rZnFEl/ adj that may be inferred 可以推断的: inferential proof 由推论得出的证据. 
inferentially
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv.
inferior
/ In5fIErIE(r); In`fIrIL/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) low(er) in rank, social position, importance, quality, etc （等级、 社会地位、 重要性、 质量等）（较）低的, 次要的, 低等的, 差的: A captain is inferior to a major. 上尉的级别低於少校. * be socially inferior 社会地位低下 * make sbfeel inferior 使某人自惭形秽 * inferior goods, workmanship次货、 劣等手艺. Cf 参看 superior.
inferior 
n person who is inferior (in rank, etc) （级别等）低於他人者; 下级; 下属: one's social inferior 社会地位不如自己的人 * We should not despise our intellectual inferiors. 我们不应轻视智力不如我们的人.
inferiority
/ In9fIErI5CrEtI; ?@ -5R:r-; In9fIrI`RrEtI/ n [U] state of being inferior 下级; 下属; 低人一等: feelings of inferiority 自卑感.
inferiority complex 
(psychology 心) state of mind in which sb feels less important, clever, admired, etc than other people, and often tries to compensate for this by boasting and being aggressive 自卑感; 自卑情结. Cf 参看 superiority complex (superior).
infernal
/ In5f\:nl; In`f[nl/ adj  1 (rhet 修辞) (a) of hell 阴间的; 地狱的: the infernal regions 阴间. (b) devilish; abominable 魔鬼般的; 地狱似的: infernal cruelty 恶魔般的残忍.  2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) annoying; tiresome 讨厌的; 可恶的: That infernal telephone hasn't stopped ringing all day! 那讨厌的电话整天响个不停! * aninfernal nuisance 很可恶的事. 
infernally
/ -nElI; -nlI/adv: infernally rude 粗鲁得讨人厌.
inferno
/ In5f\:nEU; In`f[no/ n (pl ~s / -z; -z/)  1 place or situation like hell, esp in being full of horror and confusion 地狱似的处境（尤指一片恐怖和混乱）: the inferno of war 战争的恐怖景象.  2 (place affected by a) large destructive fire 毁灭性的大火（殃及之处）: The place was a blazing, raging, roaring, etc inferno. 那地方是一片熊熊的、 滚滚的、 咆哮的...火海.
infertile
/ In5f\:taIl; ?@ -tl; In`f[tl/ adj not fertile; barren 贫瘠的; 不结果实的; 不能生育的: infertile land 贫瘠的土地 * an infertile couple, ie unable to have children 不能生育的夫妇. 
infertility
/ 9InfE5tIlEtI; 9InfL`tIlEtI/ n [U].
infest
/ In5fest; In`fZst/ v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (derog 贬) (of pests, vermin, insects, etc) live in (a place) persistently and in large numbers （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批孳生出没, 遍布, 侵扰（某处）: a warehouse infested by rats 有大批老鼠出没的仓库 * clothing infested with lice 爬满虱子的衣服 * a garden infested with weeds 杂草丛生的花园.
infestation
/ 9Infe5steIFn; 9InfZs`teFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) infesting or being infested （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批出没, 侵扰, 骚扰: an infestation of cockroaches 蟑螂的侵扰.
infidel
/ 5InfIdEl; `InfEdl/ n (arch derog 古, 贬) person with no belief in a religion, esp in what is considered to be the true religion 不信宗教者, 无宗教信仰之人（尤指没有正统宗教信仰者）.
infidelity
/ 9InfI5delEtI; 9InfE`dZlEtI/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) disloyalty or unfaithfulness, esp adultery 背信; 不忠实; （尤指）通奸: willing to forgive her husband's little infidelities 愿意原谅丈夫的些微不忠行为.
infield
/ 5Infi:ld; `In9fild/ n the infield  1 (a) [sing] (in cricket) part of the ground near the wicket （板球）内场（靠近三柱门的场地）. (b) [pl v] fielders stationed there （板球）内场全体球员.  2 (a) [sing] (in baseball) area within the diamond(4) （棒球）内场, 内野（垒与垒围线之内的场地）. (b) [pl v] fielders stationed there （棒球）全体内野手或内场手. Cf 参看 outfield.
infielder 
n person fielding in the infield 内野手; 内场手.
infighting
/ 5InfaItIN; `In9faItIN/ n [U]  1 (in boxing) fighting in which the opponents are very close to or holding on to each other （拳击）接近战.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) fierce competition between rivals (eg involving intrigue, betrayal, etc) 对手间的激烈竞争（如事涉阴谋、 出卖等）: I gather a lot of political infighting went on before he got the top job. 我看他一定经历了政治上诸多明争暗斗才获此高位.
infill
/ 5InfIl; `InfIl/ (also infilling) n [U]  1 act of filling gaps (eg in a row of buildings) 填空隙（如一排建筑物之间）.  2 material used to fill a hole or gap (eg in a wall) 填充物（用以填实洞穴或空隙的, 如在墙上）.
infiltrate
/ 5InfIltreIt; In`fIltret/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (through sth) (into sth) (of liquids, gases, etc) pass slowly by filtering; penetrate （指液体、 气体等）渗透, 透入: The thick fog seemed to have infiltrated through the very walls into the room. 浓雾好像透过墙壁进到房间里. * (fig 比喻) the depths of the ocean, where no light can infiltrate 海洋的深处, 光线射不进去.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ A into B/~ B with A cause sth to pass slowly by filtering it into sth else 使某物慢慢渗入或透入他物: infiltrate poison into the water-supply/infiltrate the water-supply with poison 把毒药慢慢渗入水源.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through sth) (into sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) enter (sth) stealthily without being noticed 悄悄进入; 潜入: troops infiltrating through enemy lines into occupied territory 通过敌人封锁线潜入占领区的部队 * Our entire organization had been infiltrated by enemy agents. 敌特已打入我们整个组织.  4 [Tn.pr] (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) ~ sb/sth into sth; ~ sth with sb/sth introduce sb/sth stealthily into sth 暗中使某人[某事物]进入: infiltrate spies into a country 派间谍进入某国家 * infiltrate an organization with one's own men 派自己的人混入某组织.
infiltration
/ 9InfIl5treIFn; 9InfIl`treFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) (into sth) infiltrating or being infiltrated 渗入; 渗透: infiltration of poisonous chemicals into the water-supply 有毒化学药品向水源的渗入.  2 ~ (of sb/sth into sth); ~ (of sth with sb/sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) (a) [U] infiltrating of people, ideas, etc （人员、 思想等的）渗入, 潜入, 混入: the infiltration of spies, troops, etc into an area, organization, etc 特务、 部队等向某地区、 某组织等的潜入 * the infiltration of an organization with one`s agents 己方代理人向某组织的渗入. (b) [C] instance of this 渗透活动; 渗透战术.
infiltrator
/ 5InfIltreItE(r); In`fIl9tretL/ n person who infiltrates 潜入或渗入的人: left-wing infiltrators 左翼潜入分子.
infinite
/ 5InfInEt; `InfEnEt/ adj (a) without limits; endless无限的; 无穷的: infinite space 无限的空间. (b) that cannot be measured, calculated or imagined; very great 无法衡量的; 无法估计的; 难以想像的; 极大的: the infinite goodness of God 上帝无限的恩惠 * have infinite faith/an infinite amount of faith in sb 对某人绝对的信心 * a painting restored with infinite care 经极度精心修复的画 * You need infinite patience for this job. 做这项工作要有极大的耐心.
the Infinite 
n [sing] (rhet 修辞) God 上帝.
infinitely 
adv  1 to an infinite degree 无限地; 无穷地; 极其: The particles in an atom are infinitely small. 原子里的粒子极小.  2 (esp with comparatives 尤与比较级连用) very much 远; 甚: infinitely better, taller, wiser, etc (than sb/sth else) （比某人[某事物]）好、 高、 聪明...得多 * infinitely preferable (to sb/sth else) 远胜（於某人[某事物]）.
infinitesimal
/ 9InfInI5tesIml; 9InfInE`tZsEml/ adj extremelysmall 极小的; 极少的: an infinitesimal increase 微增. 
infinitesimally
/ -mElI; -mlI/ adv.
infinitive
/ In5fInEtIv; In`fInEtIv/ n (grammar)  1 basic form of a verb, without inflections, etc (in English used with or without to, as in he can go; ask him to go) （动词）原形, 不定式（无语尾变化等, 在英语中的用法为带to或不带to, 如he can go、 ask him to go）: a verb in the infinitive 原形动词 * [attrib 作定语] the infinitive form 不定式的形式.  2 (idm 习语) split an infinitive => split.
infinitude
/ In5fInItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; In`fInE9tud/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] state of being endless or boundless; boundless number or extent 无穷; 无极; 无限; 无限量; 无穷数: the infinitude of God's mercy 上帝的慈悲无量. (b) [C] infinite number, quantity or extent 无限的数量或程度: an infinitude of small particles 无数的微小粒子.
ad infinitum
/ 9Ad9InfI5naItEm; `Ad9InfE`naItEm/ (Latin拉) without limit; for ever 无限地; 永远地: I don't want to go on working here ad infinitum. 我不愿意永远在这里干下去.
infinity
/ In5fInEtI; In`fInEtI/ n  1 [U] state of being endless or boundless; infinite nature 无穷; 无极; 无限; 大自然: the infinity of space 空间的无限.  2 [U] infinite distance or point in space 空间中无限远的距离或点: gaze into infinity, ie vaguely into the distance 向茫茫远方望去 * Parallel lines meet at infinity. 平行线永不相交.  3 [U] (mathematics 数) number larger than any other that can be thought of (expressed by the symbol ); infinite quantity 无穷大, 无穷（符号为）: Multiply y by infinity. 以无穷数乘y. =>App 4 见附录4.  4 [sing] indefinitely large amount 无限大的量: an infinity of stars, of troubles, of things to do 星星、 麻烦、 要做的事无限多.
infirm
/ In5f\:m; In`f[m/ adj  1 physically weak (esp from old age or illness) 体弱的, 虚弱的, 衰弱的（尤指因年迈或疾病）: walk with infirm steps 迈著虚弱的步子行走.  2 ~ of sth (fml 文) without strength of sth 欠缺某方面的力量: infirm of purpose, will, etc, ie not purposeful, not resolute 目的不明确、 意志不坚强.
the infirm 
n [pl v] infirm people 体弱的人: support for the aged and infirm 援助年老的人和体弱的人.
infirmity
/ In5f\:mEtI; In`f[mEtI/ n [C, U] (particular form of) weakness 体弱; 虚弱; 衰弱: Old age and infirmity had begun to catch up with him. 他开始显出年老体衰的样子了. * infirmity of purpose 意志薄弱 * Deafness and failing eyesight are among the infirmities of old age. 耳聋眼花是年老体衰的现象.
infirmary
/ In5f\:mErI; In`f[mErI/ n  1 hospital 医院.  2 (in a school or some other institution) room used for people who are ill or injured （学校或其他机构的）医务室.
inflame
/ In5fleIm; In`flem/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with/to sth) cause sb/sth to become angry or over-excited 使某人[某物]愤怒或激动: a speech that inflamed the crowd with anger/to a high pitch of fury 激起听众愤怒的[使群众怒不可遏的]演说.
inflamed 
adj ~ (by/with sth)  1 (of a part of the body) red, hot and sore (eg because of infection) （指身体某部）发炎的, 红肿热痛的（如因感染）: inflamed eyes 红肿的眼睛 * an inflamed boil 发炎的疖子 * a nose inflamed by an infection 受感染而红肿的鼻子.  2 (fig 比喻) roused to anger, indignation, etc 惹怒的; 愤怒的; 激动的: inflamed by sb's words 被某人的话惹得怒火中烧 * inflamed with passion 情绪激动.
inflammable
/ In5flAmEbl; In`flAmEbl/ adj  1 that can be set on fire 可燃的; 易燃的: Petroleum  Highly inflammable, eg on a notice 汽油--易燃品（如告示牌上的字样）. Cf 参看 non-flammable. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) easily excited or aroused 易激动的; 易激怒的: a man with an inflammable temper 脾气暴躁的男子.
inflammation
/ 9InflE5meIFn; 9InflE`meFEn/ n [C, U] condition in which a part of the body is red, swollen and sore or itchy, esp because of infection 炎症; 发炎: (an) inflammation of the lungs, liver, etc 肺、 肝等的炎症.
inflammatory
/ In5flAmEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; In`flAmE9tRrI/ adj  1 (derog 贬) tending to make people angry or over-excited 使人激愤的; 煽动感情的: inflammatory remarks, speeches, words, etc 煽动性的言论、 演说、 言词等.  2 of, being or tending to produce inflammation 炎性的; 发炎的: an inflammatory condition of the lungs 肺部发炎.
inflate
/ In5fleIt; In`flet/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill (a tyre, balloon, etc) with air or gas 使（轮胎、 气球等）充气、 膨胀: a fully inflated tyre 气充得很足的 轮胎. (b) [I] become filled with air or gas; swell 充满气体; 膨胀; 胀大: With a supply of compressed air the large balloon inflated in a matter of seconds. 大气球注入压缩空气後, 几秒钟就充足了气.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) cause (sb's self-opinion) to become too great 使某人自视甚高; 骄傲; 得意: flattery that would inflate the most modest person's ego 把最谦虚的人也能吹捧得趾高气扬的恭维.  3 [I, Tn] (finance 财) take action to increase the amount of money in circulation in (an economy) so that prices rise 物价上涨; 使通货膨胀. Cf 参看 deflate, reflate.
inflatable
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be or must be inflated 可充气的; 必须充气的; 可膨胀的: an inflatable dinghy 充气筏.
inflated 
adj  1 filled with air, gas, etc 充气的.  2 (derog 贬) exaggerated 夸张的; 言过其实的: an inflated opinion of oneself 自视过高 * inflated language, ie full of impressive words, but little meaning 浮夸的语言.  3 (of prices) raised artificially or as a result of financial inflation （指价格）人为抬高的, 因通货膨胀而上涨的.
inflation
/ In5fleIFn; In`fleFEn/ n [U]  1 process of inflating (inflate 1a); being inflated 充气; 膨胀.  2 rise in prices resulting from an increase in the supply of money, credit, etc 通货膨胀; 物价上涨: control/curbinflation 控制[遏制]通货膨胀 * galloping (ie severe andrapid) inflation 失控通胀. 
inflationary
/ In5fleIFnrI; ?@ -nerI; In`fleFEn9ZrI/ adj of, caused by or causing financial inflation 通货膨胀的; 由通货膨胀引起的; 引起通货膨胀的: the inflationary spiral, ie economic situation in which prices and wages rise in turn as the supply of money is increased 恶性通货膨胀（因流通货币增加导致工资与物价交互上涨的现象） * inflationary wage claims 通货膨胀引起的增加工资的要求.
inflect
/ In5flekt; In`flZkt/ v [Tn]  1 (grammar) change the ending or form of (a word) to show its grammatical function in a sentence 使词尾屈折, 使词尾变化（以示其在句中之语法功能）: Most English verbs are inflected with `-ed' in the past tense. 英语大多数动词过去式词尾均变化为-ed的形式.  2 make (the voice) higher or lower in speaking 使（说话的声音）变高或变低: By inflecting the voice more one can hold the attention of an audience. 讲话声音有些抑扬变化可以吸引住听众的注意力.
inflected 
adj (of a language) having many inflected words （指语言）有许多屈折变化词语的: Latin is a more inflected language than English. 拉丁语比英语词尾变化多.
inflection (also inflexion)
/ In5flekFn; In`flZkFEn/ n  1 (grammar) (a) [U] inflecting （词尾的）屈折变化; 词尾变化. (b) [C] suffix used to inflect a word (eg -ed, -ing) （词形变化的）後缀, 屈折尾缀（如-ed、 -ing）.  2 [U] rise and fall of the voice in speaking （说话声音的）抑扬变化. Cf 参看 intonation, stress 3.
inflectional
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or being inflections 词尾变化的; 屈折变化的: inflectional endings/forms, eg -ed 屈折变化的词尾[形式]（如-ed）.
inflexible
/ In5fleksEbl; In`flZksEbl/ adj (a) that cannot be bent or turned 不可弯曲的; 不能转变的: made of an inflexible plastic 用硬塑料制成. (b) (fig 比喻) that cannot be changed, influenced, etc; unyielding 不可改变的; 不受影响的; 不屈的: an inflexible will, determination, purpose, etc 不可动摇的意志、 决心、 目的等 * an inflexible attitude, rule, system 不可改变的态度、 规则、 制度. 
inflexibility
/ In9fleksE5bIlEtI; In9flZksE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inflexibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
inflict
/ In5flIkt; In`flIkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) cause (a blow, penalty, etc) to be suffered (by sb) 使（某人）遭受（打击、 惩罚等）: inflict a severe wound on sb 使某人受重创 * inflict a crushing defeat on the enemy 把敌军打得一败涂地.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth on sb (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) force sb to accept one's unwelcome presence 硬要某人接待自己: apologize for inflicting oneself/one's company on sb 为叨扰某人而道歉 * My uncle is inflicting himself on (ie visiting) us again this weekend. 本周末我的叔叔又要不请自来了.
infliction
/ In5flIkFn; In`flIkFEn/ n (a) [U] inflicting or being inflicted 施加; 蒙受: the unnecessary infliction of pain and suffering 带来不必要的痛苦和苦难. (b) [C] thing inflicted; painful or troublesome experience 施加的事物; 痛苦的或苦恼的经历.
inflorescence
/ 9InflR:5resEns; 9InflR`rZsns/ n (botany 植) arrangement of a plant's flowers on the stem; collective flower of a plant 花序; 花（一植物上花的总称）.
inflow
/ 5InflEU; `In9flo/ n  1 [U] flowing in 流入.  2 [C, U] (a) that which flows in 流入物; 流入量: an inflow of 25 litres per hour 每小时25升的流入量 * [attrib 作定语] an inflow pipe 注入管道. (b) (fig 比喻) influx 注入; 流入; 涌入: an inflow of cash, capital, etc 现款、 资金等的流入.
influence
/ 5InflUEns; `InflJEns/ n  1 [U] ~ (on sth) power to produce an effect; action of natural forces 影响力; 作用: the influence of the moon (on the tides), of the climate (on agricultural production), etc 月球（对潮汐）的作用、 气候（对农业生产）的影响.  2 (a) [sing] ~ (on sb/sth) (exercising of) power to affect sb's actions, character or beliefs through example, fear, admiration, etc 感化（力）; 影响（力）; 支配（力）: the influence of parents on their children 父母对子女的影响 * have a good, bad, beneficial, harmful, civilizing, pernicious, etc influence on sb's behaviour, character, etc 对某人行为、 性格等有良好的、 恶劣的、 有利的、 有害的、 感化性的、 邪恶的...影响 * a young ruler under the influence of his chief minister 受总理大臣左右的年轻统治者 * escape sb's influence 避开某人的势力范围. (b) [C] ~ (on sb/sth) person, fact, etc that exercises such power 有影响的人或事物: Those so-called friends of hers are a bad influence on her. 她那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏. * Religion has been an influence for good in her life. 宗教信仰一直引导她向善. * We are subject to many influences. 我们都受著多方的影响. * The influences at work in this case (ie factors causing it to develop in a particular way) are hard to disentangle. 在此事中起作用的种种因素很难缕析得清楚.  3 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) power to control sb's behaviour 支配力; 控制力: His parents no longer have any real influence over him. 他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了.  4 [U] ~ (with sb) ability to obtain favourable treatment from sb, usu by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc 权力; 势力; 权势: use one's influence (with sb) 利用（与某人的关系的）影响力 * She has great influence with the manager and could no doubt help you. 她对经理很有影响力, 无疑能帮你忙.  5 (idm 习语) under the `influence (of `alcohol) (fml or joc 文或谑) (showing signs of) having had too much to drink 酒喝得太多; 有点醉: be charged with driving under the influence 被控酒後开车.
influence 
v  1 [Tn] have an effect or influence on (sb/sth); cause (sb/sth) to act, behave, think, etc in a particular way 影响（某人[某事物]）; 对（某人[某事物]）起作用: the belief of astrologers that planets influence human character 星相家认为星体能影响人的性格的信念 * I don't want to influence you either way, so I won't tell you my opinion. 我不想对你有任何影响, 所以我不告诉你我的看法. * It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响.  2 [Cn.t] cause or persuade (sb) to do sth 支配或左右（某人）做某事: What influenced you to behave like that? 你是受了什麽支配而那样做的?
influential
/ 9InflU5enFl; 9InflJ`ZnFEl/ adj  1 ~ (in sth/doing sth) having influence; persuasive 有影响的; 有说服力的: factors that are influential (ie have an important effect) in reaching a decision 对做出决定有影响（有重要作用）的因素 * an influential speech 有说服力的演说.  2 having the status, wealth, etc that enables one to persuade others to do sth 有地位、 财富等的（因而能影响他人做某事）: a committee of influential businessmen, union leaders, etc 由有权势的商界人士、 工会领袖等组成的委员会.
influenza
/ 9InflU5enzE; 9InflJ`ZnzE/ n [U] (fml 文) (also infml 口语作 flu/ flu:; flu/) infectious virus disease causing fever, muscular pain and catarrh 流行性感冒; 流感.
influx
/ 5InflQks; `In9flQks/ n ~ (into...) arrival of people or things, esp suddenly and in large numbers or quantities （人或事物的）注入, 涌入, 汇集: frequent influxes of visitors 来访的人纷至沓来 * an influx of wealth 财富的大量汇集.
inform
/ In5fR:m; In`fRrm/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of/about sth) give sb knowledge (of sth); tell sb 通知或报告某人（某事）; 告诉某人: `Some money is missing.' `Have you informed the police?' ｀有些钱不见了.＇｀你报告警方了吗?＇ * Keep me informed (of/about what happens). 有事随时通知我. * inform oneself of the facts, ie find out all that needs to be known 使自己了解事实 * He informed the police that some money was missing. 他向警方报案说有些钱不见了.  2 [Ipr] ~ against/on sb (law 律) give evidence or make an accusation against sb (to the police) （向警方）告发或检举某人: One of the criminals informed against/on the rest of the gang. 有一罪犯告发了同党.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) give (sth) its essential features; pervade 赋予（某事物）其特徵; 贯穿; 遍及: the sense of justice which informs all her writings 体现在她所有写作中的那种正义感.
informant
/ -Ent; -Ent/ n  1 person who gives information 提供消息或情报的人: The journalist did not want to reveal the identity of his informant. 那个新闻工作者不想透露消息提供人的身分.  2 (linguistics 语言) native speaker of a language who helps a scholar make an analysis of the language 发音合作人（为语言学者分析语言提供资料的说本地话的人）.
informed 
adj having or showing knowledge 有知识的; 见闻广的; 了解情况的: an informed critic, member of the public, etc 掌握情况的评论家、 公众等 * informed criticism 有见地的批评 * an informed guess, ie based on some knowledge 有根据的猜测.
informer 
n person who informs, esp against a criminal or fugitive 告密者, 告发者, 检举人（尤指告发罪犯或逃犯的）.
informal
/ In5fR:ml; In`fRrml/ adj  1 not formal; without formality 非正式的; 非正规的; 不拘礼节的; 不讲究形式的: an informal (ie friendly) manner, tone, atmosphere, person 友好的态度、 语调、 气氛、 人 * an informal (ie not official) arrangement, gathering, meeting, occasion, visit 非正式的安排、 聚会、 会晤、 场合、 访问.  2 (of dress, behaviour, etc) chosen to show personal taste rather than follow social conventions of formality （指衣著、 举止等）按个人爱好选择的, 不依从社会习俗的, 日常的.  3 (of language, speech, writing) conversational in style (and marked (infml) in this dictionary) （指语言、 讲话、 文字）口语体的（本词典中以（infml口）标示）: an informal letter 用口语体写的信. Cf 参看 colloquial, slang.
informality
/ 9InfR:5mlEtI; 9InfRr`mAlEtI/ n  1 [U] being informal 非正式; 不拘礼节; 衣著随便; 口语体.  2 [C] informal act 不拘礼节的举动.
informally
/ In5fR:mElI; In`fRrmlI/ adv: They told me informally (ie unofficially) that I had got the job. 他们非正式地告诉我, 我已获得那份工作.
information
/ 9InfE5meIFn; 9InfL`meFEn/ n [U]  1 informing or being informed 通知; 告知: For your information (ie This is sth you may wish to know), the library is on the first floor. 谨奉告, 图书馆在二楼. * (ironic 反语) I'm perfectly able to look after myself, for your information. 我完全能够自己照顾自己, 特此奉告. * (fml 文) My information is that (ie I have been told that) they have all left. 据我所知, 他们已经走了.  2 ~ (on/about sb/sth) facts told, heard or discovered (about sb/sth) （关於某人[某事物]的）情报, 消息, 资料: give, pass on, receive, obtain, seek, find, collect, etc information (on/about sb/sth) 供给、 传递、 收到、 获得、 寻找、 发现、 搜集等（关於某人[某事]的）消息 * For further information please write to... 欲知详情, 请写信致... * a useful bit/piece of information 一份很有价值的情报 * [attrib 作定语] an information bureau, desk, etc 新闻局、 询问处.  3 (idm 习语) a mine of information => mine2.
information science (also information technology) 
study or use of processes (esp computers, telecommunications, etc) for storing, retrieving and sending information of all kinds (eg words, numbers, pictures) 资料学, 信息学, 情报学（研究或使用各种信息的学科, 如文字、 数字、 图象之存储、 检索和发送, 尤指用计算机、 电信等手段进行的）.
informative
/ In5fR:mEtIv; In`fRrmEtIv/ adj giving much information; instructive 提供大量资料或信息的; 授予知识的: an informative book, film, lecture, speaker 令人大开眼界的书、 影片、 讲座、 演讲者.
infra
/ 5InfrE; `InfrE/ adv (Latin fml 拉, 文) further on (in a book, etc); below （书等的）下文, 在下面: see infra 参看下文. Cf 参看 vide.
infra dig
/ dIg; dI^/ [pred 作表语] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) beneath one's dignity; demeaning 有失尊严; 有失身分: Dancing in the street is rather infra dig for a bank manager! 一个银行经理在街上跳舞, 那是颇失身分的!
infra-red 
adj of the (invisible, heat-giving) rays belowthe red in the spectrum 红外线的. Cf 参看 ultraviolet.
infrastructure 
n (a) subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization or an enterprise (eg of an army) （组成一制度、 企业或组织如军队的）基础结构, 基础设施. (b) (economics 经) stock of fixed capital equipment in a country (eg roads, railways, power-stations, water supply, etc) 基础设施, 基础结构（国家的固定基本设备, 如公路、 铁路、 发电站、 供水装置等）.
infra-
pref 前缀 (with adjs 与形容词结合) below 在下: infra-red. Cf 参看 ultra-.
infraction
/ In5frAkFn; In`frAkFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] breaking of a rule, law, etc （对规则、 法律等的）违背, 违犯. (b) [C] instance of this 犯规; 违法: a minor infraction of the rules 轻微的犯规.
infrequent
/ In5fri:kwEnt; In`frikwEnt/ adj not frequent; rare 不频发的; 不经常的; 罕见的: infrequent visits,performances, etc 少有的拜访、 演出等. 
infrequency
/-kwEnsI; -kwEnsI/ n [U]. 
infrequently 
adv.
infringe
/ In5frIndV; In`frIndV/ v  1 [Tn] (a) break (a rule, an agreement, etc) 违反, 违背（规则、 协议等）: infringe the regulations, a copyright agreement, etc 违反规则、 版权协定等. (b) interfere with (sth); violate 干涉; 干扰; 侵犯; 侵害: infringe sb's liberty, rights, etc 干扰某人的自由、 侵犯某人的权利.  2 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth affect sth so as to limit or restrict it; encroach on 侵犯; 侵入; 侵害: infringe upon the rights of other people 侵害他人权利.
infringement
/ -mEnt; -mEnt/ n (a) [U] infringing or being infringed 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: laws subject to frequent infringement 经常触犯的法规. (b) [C] instance of this 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: an infringement of the highway code, of copyright, of sb's privacy 违反公路法、 侵犯版权、 侵犯某人的隐私权.
infuriate
/ In5fjUErIeIt; In`fjJrI9et/ v [Tn] make (sb) extremely angry 使（某人）大怒; 激怒（某人）: I was infuriated by/with their constant criticism. 他们没完没了地批评把我给气坏了.
infuriating 
adj that infuriates 使人大怒的: infuriating delays 让人感到愤怒的耽搁. 
infuriatingly 
adv: Infuriatingly, I just missed my plane. 真气人, 我刚刚误了飞机.
infuse
/ In5fju:z; In`fjuz/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sb/sth; ~ sb/sth with sth put (a quality) into sb/sth; fill sb/sth with (a quality) 将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人[某事物]; 使某人[某事物]获得（某特性）: infuse new life, energy, etc into the workers 使工人获得新的活力、 力量等 * infuse the workers with new life, energy, etc 使工人获得新的活力、 力量等.  2 (a) [Tn] soak (tea or herbs) in a liquid (usu hot water) to extract flavour or ingredients for a drink or medicine （草药）泡（茶）; 泡制. (b) [I] (of tea or herbs) undergo this process （指茶叶或药草）被浸泡: Don't drink the tea until it has finished infusing. 茶泡好再喝.
infusion
/ In5fju:Vn; In`fjuVEn/ n  1 [U] ~ of sth (into sb/sth) infusing a quality or being infused into sb/sth 注入; 灌输; 浸泡; 泡制: infusion of new life (into the enterprise) （给企业）注入新的活力 * This company needs an infusion of new blood, ie needs new employees to give it vigour. 这家公司需要注进新的血液（需要新雇员给公司以活力）.  2 (a) [U] infusing of tea, herbs, etc or being infused （茶叶、 草药等的）沏, 泡. (b) [C] liquid made by infusing 沏、 泡或浸後的液体.
ingenious
/ In5dVi:nIEs; In`dVinjEs/ adj (a) ~ (at sth/doing sth) (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems （指人）善於用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的; 心灵手巧的: So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very ingenious! 那麽说是你把金属线穿过那个小孔的了, 真灵巧! * ingenious at solving difficult crossword puzzles 善於破解困难的纵横填字谜. (b) (of a thing) original in design and well suited to its purpose （指物件）设计独特而精巧的: an ingenious device, gadget, etc 精巧的装置、 小机械等. (c) (of an idea) very clever and original （指主意）别出心裁的, 奇妙的: an ingenious plan, method, solution, etc 别出心裁的计画、 方法、 解决办法等.
ingeniously 
adv.
ingenuity
/ 9IndVI5nju:EtI; ?@ -5nu:-; 9IndVE`nuEtI/ n [U] cleverness and originality in solving problems 心灵手巧; 善於发明创造.
ingenue
/ 5AnVeInju:; ?@ 5AndVEnu:; `AndVE9nu/ n simple innocent girl, esp as portrayed in plays, films, etc 天真无邪的少女（尤指戏剧、 电影等的人物）: [attrib 作定语] an ingenue role 天真少女的角色.
ingenuous
/ In5dVenjUEs; In`dVZnjJEs/ adj (fml 文) not attempting to deceive or conceal; open; innocent 不欺骗的; 不隐瞒的; 坦率的; 天真无邪的: an ingenuous smile纯真的微笑. 
ingenuously 
adv. 
ingenuousness 
n [U].
ingest
/ In5dVest; In`dVZst/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 take (food, etc) into the body, typically by swallowing 咽下, 吞下（食物等）.  2 (fig 比喻) take (sth) in; absorb 获取（某事物）; 摄取: ingest information 获取信息.
ingle-nook
/ 5INgl nUk; `IN^l9nJk/ n small opening beside a wide old-fashioned fireplace in which one can sit close to the fire 壁炉隅（壁炉旁边供近火而坐的角落）.
inglorious
/ In5glR:rIEs; In`^lRrIEs/ adj  1 shameful; ignominious 可耻的; 不光彩的; 不名誉的: an inglorious defeat 可耻的失败 * a new play which suffered the inglorious fate of being taken off after only three days 一出新剧, 只上演三天就遭撤换的不光彩结局.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (rhet 修辞) unknown; obscure 不出名的; 默默无闻的: an inglorious name 不见经传的名字. 
ingloriously 
adv.
ingoing
/ 5INgEUIN; `In9^oIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] going in 进入的; 进来的: the ingoing (ie new) tenant of a flat 公寓里新来的房客.
ingot
/ 5INgEt; `IN^Et/ n (usu brick-shaped) lump of metal esp gold and silver, cast in a mould 铸块, 锭（尤指金、 银铸锭）.
ingrained
/ In5greInd; In`^rend/ adj  1 (of habits, tendencies, etc) deeply fixed; thorough （指习惯、 习性等）根深蒂固的, 一成不变的: ingrained prejudices, suspicions, assumptions, etc 由来已久的成见、 怀疑、 臆见等.  2 (of dirt, stains, etc) going deeply into a substance, and therefore difficult to clean off （指尘土、 污迹等）积深而难於清除的: deeply ingrained dirt 积聚得很深的污垢.
ingratiate
/ In5greIFIeIt; In`^reFI9et/ v [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] (fml derog 文, 贬) ~ oneself (with sb) (attempt to) gain the favour of sb by flattering him, doing things that will please him, etc （竭力）取悦某人（靠奉承或做某事等）: She tried to ingratiate herself with the director, in the hope of getting promotion. 她竭力巴结主任希望得到提升.
ingratiating 
adj (derog 贬) attempting to please, flatter or gain favour 讨好的; 迎合的; 奉承的: an ingratiating smile 阿谀奉承的微笑. 
ingratiatingly 
adv.
ingratitude
/ In5grAtItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; In`^rAtE9tud/ n [U] lack of gratitude 忘恩负义.
ingredient
/ In5gri:dIEnt; In`^ridIEnt/ n  1 any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish （烹调用的）材料, 原料, 成分: the ingredients of a cake 蛋糕的原料 * Mix all the ingredients in a bowl. 将原料放在盆里调匀.  2 (fig 比喻) any of the qualities of which sth is made 因素; 要素; 组分; 成分: the ingredients of a/sb's character, of success, of happiness, etc 某人性格的一方面、 成功的要素、 幸福的因素.
ingress
/ 5INgres; `In^rZs/ n [U] (fml 文) going in; (right of) entrance 进入; 进入的权利: a means of ingress 进入的手段. Cf 参看 egress.
ingrowing
/ 5IngrEUIN; `In9^roIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] growing inwards 向内生长的: an ingrowing toenail, ie one growing into the flesh 向肉里生长的脚指甲.
inhabit
/ In5hAbIt; In`hAbIt/ v [Tn] live in (sth); occupy 居住於（某处）; 占据; 栖居於: an island inhabited only by birds 只有鸟类栖息的岛.
inhabitable 
adj that can be lived in 可居住的; 可栖居的.
inhabitant
/ -Ent; -Ent/ n person or animal living in a place （某地的）居民, 住户, 栖息的动物: the local inhabitants 当地居民 * the oldest inhabitants of the island 岛上最早的栖息者.
inhale
/ In5heIl; In`hel/ v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (a) breathe sth in 吸入某物: inhale deeply 作深吸气 * Inhale! Exhale! ie breathe in; breathe out 吸气! 呼气! * miners who have inhaled coal dust into their lungs 肺里吸入煤尘的矿工. (b) take (tobacco smoke) into the lungs 吸（烟）; 抽（烟）: Smokers who inhale are likely to become addicted to nicotine. 吸烟的人容易对尼古丁上瘾. 
inhaler 
n device that emits medicine in a fine spray to be inhaled, eg by sb with asthma 吸入器（人工呼吸装置）.
inharmonious
/ 9InhB:5mEUnIEs; 9InhBr`monIEs/ adj (fml 文) not harmonious 不协调的; 不和谐的; 不和睦的. 
inharmoniously 
adv. 
inharmoniousness
n [U].
inherent
/ In5hIErEnt, -5her-; In`hIrEnt, -`hZr-/ adj ~ (in sb/sth) existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sth 内在的; 固有的; 本来的: an inherent distrust of foreigners 天生对外国人的不信任 * an inherent weakness in a design 设计本身存在的弱点 * the power inherent in the office of President 总统任内固有的权力. 
inherently 
adv: a design which is inherently weak 有内在缺陷的设计.
inherit
/ In5herIt; In`hZrIt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb)  1 receive (property, a title, etc) as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承（财产、 头衔等）: a youngman inheriting an estate, a title, etc (from his father) 继承（父亲的）地产、 头衔等的年轻人 * She inherited a little money from her grandfather. 她从祖父处继承了一小笔钱财.  2 derive (qualities, etc) from an ancestor 因遗传而获（特性等）: She inherited her mother's good looks and her father's bad temper. 她生来就有母亲的美貌和父亲的坏脾气.  3 (fig 比喻) receive (sth) from a predecessor 从前任接过（某事物）: This government has inherited many problems from the previous one. 上届政府遗留给本届政府很多问题.
inheritance
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) (from sb/sth) inheriting (sth from sb) 继承; 遗传: The title passes by inheritance to the eldest son. 这头衔按世袭传给长子. * (fig 比喻) the inheritance of good looks from one's parents 得自父母遗传的美貌 * [attrib 作定语] inheritance tax 遗产税.  2 [C] ~ (from sb) what is inherited 继承或遗传之物; 遗产; 遗赠物: When she was 21 she came into (ie received) her inheritance. 她21岁时获得遗产. * (fig 比喻) a bitter dispute which left an inheritance of ill-feeling 留下恶感的激烈争辩. Cf 参看 legacy.
inheritor 
n person who inherits 继承人.
inhibit
/ In5hIbIt; In`hIbIt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to do 使某人不能做轻易可做的事: Shyness inhibited him from speaking. 他因害羞而说不出话来.  2 [Tn] hinder or prevent (a process or an action) 阻碍或抑制（某过程或行动）: an enzyme which inhibits a chemical reaction 抑制化学反应的　.
inhibited 
adj (a) (of people) unable to relax or express one's feelings in a natural and spontaneous way （指人）拘谨的, 不能自然表达感情的: She's too inhibited to laugh at jokes about sex. 她很拘谨, 听到性爱笑话也不笑. (b) (of behaviour) not relaxed or spontaneous （指举止）不轻松的, 不自然的: a nervous inhibited laugh 紧张而矜持的笑. 
inhibitedly 
adv.
inhibition
/ 9InhI5bIFn, 9InI5b-; 9InhI`bIFEn, 9InI`b-/ n  1 [U] inhibiting or being inhibited 抑制; 阻止; 禁止; 受抑制: Inhibition of natural impulses may cause psychological problems. 压抑自然的冲动可能会引起心理上的问题.  2 [C] inability to act naturally or spontaneously 抑制力: Alcohol weakens a person's inhibitions, ie makes him behave more naturally. 酒精能削弱人的抑制力. * (infml 口) She had no inhibitions about asking for more, ie did so without hesitation. 她毫无顾忌, 要求再多给她一些.
inhospitable
/ 9InhC5spItEbl; In`hBspItEbl/ adj (a) (of people) not giving a friendly or polite welcome to guests （指人）待客不殷勤的, 不好客的: It was inhospitable of you not to offer her a drink. 你未给她饮品是待客不周. (b) (fig 比喻) (of places) not giving shelter; unpleasant to be in （指地方）无遮蔽处的, 荒凉的: an inhospitable coast 荒凉的海岸. 
inhospitably 
adv.
inhuman
/ In5hju:mEn; In`hjumEn/ adj lacking normal human qualities of kindness, pity, etc; extremely cruel or brutal 无人性的; 无同情心的; 野蛮的; 残酷的: inhuman behaviour, treatment, etc 野蛮的行为、 非人的待遇 * That man is an inhuman monster! 那人是残暴的恶魔! * It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife. 不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了.
inhumanity
/ 9Inhju:5mnEtI; 9Inhju`mAnEtI/ n [U] inhuman conduct or behaviour 无人性; 野蛮; 不近人情; 不人道: man's inhumanity to man 人对人的残忍.
inhumane
/ 9Inhju:5meIn; 9Inhju`men/ adj insensitive to the suffering of others; cruel 对受难者无动於衷的; 不人道的; 残忍的: inhumane treatment of animals, prisoners, the mentally ill, etc 对动物、 囚犯、 精神病人等的残酷对待 * an inhumane law, policy, decision, etc 不人道的法律、 政策、 决定等. 
inhumanely 
adv: animals slaughtered inhumanely 遭残忍方法宰杀的动物.
inimical
/ I5nImIkl; In`ImIkl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文)  1 unfriendly; hostile 不友好; 含敌意: countries that are inimical to us/to our interests 对我们不友好的[有损我国利益的]国家.  2 tending to prevent or discourage sth; harmful 对某事物不利; 有害: actions that are inimical to friendly relations betweencountries 对国家间友好关系有害的行动. 
inimically
/-kElI; -klI/ adv.
inimitable
/ I5nImItEbl; In`ImEtEbl/ adj impossible to imitate; too good, clever, etc to imitate 不能模仿的; 妙处难学的: Frank Sinatra's inimitable style of singing 弗兰克·西纳特拉无人能模仿的演唱风格. 
inimitably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
iniquitous
/ I5nIkwItEs; I`nIkwEtEs/ adj  1 (fml 文) very wicked or unjust 极邪恶的; 极不公正的: an iniquitous system, regime, etc 罪恶的制度、 政权等.  2 (of a price, charge, etc) unfairly or ridiculously high （指价格、 费用等）不公道的, 高得出奇的: Have you seen this bill? It's iniquitous! 你看见这份帐单了吗? 简直是漫天要价!
iniquitously 
adv.
iniquity
/ I5nIkwEtI; I`nIkwEtI/ n  1 (a) [U] (rhet 修辞) wickedness and unjustness 邪恶; 罪恶; 不公正: He regards the city as a place where all forms of iniquity are practised. 他认为该城是万恶丛集的渊薮. (b) [C] wicked and unjust act 邪恶的及不公正的行为.  2 (idm 习语) a den of iniquity/vice => den.
initial
/ I5nIFl; I`nIFEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or at the beginning; first 开始的; 最初的; 第一个的: the initial letter of a word 一个字起首的字母 * in the initial stages (ie at the beginning) (of sth) 某事的创始阶段 * My initial reaction was to refuse. 我最初的反应是予以拒绝.
initial 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) initial letter (of a name) （姓名的）首字母: George Bernard Shaw was well-known by his initials GBS. 人们对萧伯纳姓名的首字母GBS非常熟悉. * Sign your name and initials, ie your surname and the initial letters of your other names. 请签上您的姓及名字的首字母.
initial 
v (-ll-; US usu 美式英语通常作 -l-) [I, Tn] mark or sign (sth) with one's initials 用姓名的首字母签名或作标记: Initial here, please. 请在这儿签上姓名首字母. * initial a note, document, treaty, etc 用名字的首字母签署便条、 文件、 条约等.
initially
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv at the beginning; at first 最初; 开头; 首先: She came initially to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month. 起先她只打算来待几天, 但後来却住了整整一个月.
initiate
/ I5nIFIeIt; I`nIFI9et/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begin 开始实施（计画等）; 发起, 创始, 开始（某事物）: initiate plans, schemes, social reforms, etc 开始实施计画、 方案、 社会改革等 * (law 律) initiate proceedings against sb, ie prosecute sb 起诉某人.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) (a) admit or introduce sb to membership of a group, etc, often by means of a special ceremony 接纳或介绍某人加入某团体等（常通过某种仪式）: initiate sb into a religious sect, secret society, etc 介绍某人加入某教派、 秘密会社等. (b) give sb elementary instruction (in sth) or secret knowledge (of sth) 向某人传授（某事物的）基本要领或秘密知识: an older woman who had initiated him into the mysteries of love 让他初尝云雨情的年长女子.
initiate
/ I5nIFIEt; I`nIFIEt/ n person who has (just) been initiated into a group 经介绍（刚）加入某组织的人.
the initiated
/ I5nIFIeItId; I`nIFI9etId/ n [pl v] people who share special knowledge, secrets, etc known only to a few 掌握仅为少数人知道的专门知识和秘密的人: the government's secret defence committee, known to the initiated as DefCom 政府的秘密防御委员会, 知情人都称之为DefCom.
initiation
/ I9nIFI5eIFn; I9nIFI`eFEn/ n [U]  1 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) bringing sth into effect; starting 开始实施; 开始; 创始; 发起: the initiation of an investigation 调查的开始.  2 ~ (into sth) initiating or being initiated (into sth) 入会; 加入, 被接纳加入（某事物）: [attrib 作定语] an initiation ceremony 入会仪式.
initiative
/ I5nIFEtIv; I`nIFIEtIv/ n  1 [C] action taken to resolve a difficulty 为解决困难而采取的行动: It is hoped that the government's initiative will bring the strike to an end. 希望政府采取的行动可以结束罢工.  2 the initiative [sing] power or right to take action 采取行动的力量或权利; 主动权: The initiative has passed to us.主动权已转到我方. * Because of the general's indecisiveness,our armies have lost the initiative to the enemy. 由於将军未能当机立断, 我军已丧失对敌采取行动的主动权.  3 [U] (approv 褒) capacity to see what needs to be done and enterprise enough to do it, esp without others' help 主动性; 自发性; 积极性: a man who lacks the initiative to be a leader 缺乏当领导人应具备的主动精神的人 * The child showed/displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police. 那孩子极为主动地把警察找来了. * [attrib 作定语] an initiative test 自发的试验.  4 [C] power or right of ordinary citizens to make proposals for new laws (as in Switzerland) （普通公民提出新法规倡议的）创制权（如瑞士的）.  5 (idm 习语) on one's own i`nitiative without anyone else ordering one to do sth, or suggesting that one should do it 主动地; 自发地; 积极地: In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场, 我主动见机行事. take the initiative take the first step in an undertaking, esp one that encourages others to act 带头; 倡导; 发起: It's up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons. 这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器.
inject
/ In5dVekt; In`dVZkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) force (a drug or other liquid) into sb/sth with a syringe or similar implement 给某人[某物]注射（药物或其他液体）: a drug that can be injected or taken by mouth 可供注射或口服的药 * inject penicillin into sb/sb's arm, leg, etc 给某人[某人的胳膊、 腿等部位]注射青霉素 * inject sb/sb's arm, leg, etc with penicillin 给某人[某人的胳膊、 腿等部位]注射青霉素 * inject foam into a cavity wall 向空心墙内注入泡沫填料.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sb/sth) (fig 比 喻) introduce (new thoughts, feelings, etc) into sb/sth 向某人[某事物]介绍, 引进（新思想、 感情等）: inject a few new ideas into the project 在这个项目中加入些新构想 * Try to inject a bit of enthusiasm into your performance.你要尽力在演出中倾注一点热情.
injection
/ In5dVekFn; In`dVZkFEn/ n ~ (of sth) (into sb/sth)  1 [U] injecting 注射: The morphine was administered by injection. 那吗啡是注射进去的. * [attrib 作定语] a fuel-injection system 燃料喷射系统.  2 [C] instance of this 注射; 注入: a lethal injection of the drug 药品的致死量注射 * a course of injections 注射疗程 * If you're going abroad, have you had your injections yet? 你不是要出国吗, 打过防疫针没有? * The firm would be revitalized by an injection of new funds. 该公司重新注入资金即可复苏.
injudicious
/ 9IndVu:5dIFEs; 9IndVu`dIFEs/ adj (fml 文) not appropriate or tactful 不合适的; 不策略的: injudiciousremarks 不适当的言语 * Now would be an injudicious moment to ask for a rise. 现在要求加薪不是时候. 
injudiciously 
adv. 
injudiciousness 
n [U].
injunction
/ In5dVQNkFn; In`dVQNkFEn/ n (fml 文) official order, esp a written order from a lawcourt, demanding that sth shall or shall not be done 命令, 指令, 禁令, 禁制令（尤指法院发出的）: The government has sought an injunction preventing the paper from publishing the story. 政府已申请禁制令, 禁止该报发表此事.
injure
/ 5IndVE(r); `IndVL/ v [Tn] hurt (sb); harm 伤害（某人）; 损害: injure oneself (by falling) （跌倒）受伤 * be slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash 在事故中受的伤很轻[很严重/很重] * (fig 比喻) injure one's health (by smoking, drinking, etc) （因吸烟、 饮酒等）损害健康 * malicious gossip which seriously injured her reputation 严重损害了她名誉的恶毒的流言蜚语.
injured 
adj  1 wounded; hurt 受伤的; 受损害的: an injured man 受伤的男子 * an injured leg 受伤的腿.  2 treated unfairly; wronged 受不公正对待的; 受委屈的: (law 律) the injured party, ie person who has been wronged 被害者.  3 offended 受触犯的: an injured look, voice, etc 不痛快的样子、 声音等. the injured n [pl v] people injured (in an accident, battle, etc) （在事故、 战斗等中）受伤的人: counting the dead and injured 统计伤亡人数 * All 14 injured were later discharged from hospital. 受伤的14人其後全部出院. * [attrib 作定语] on the injured list, ie the list of people injured 在受伤者的名单上. =>Usage at wound1 用法见wound1.
injurious
/ In5dVUErIEs; In`dVJrIEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 ~ (to sb/sth) causing or likely to cause injury; harmful （很可能）造成伤害的; 有害的: Smoking is injurious to the health. 吸烟对健康有害.  2 wrongful; insulting 不正当的; 侮辱的: injurious treatment by sb 受某人的亏待 * injurious remarks 伤人的话.
injury
/ 5IndVErI; `IndVErI/ n ~ (to sb/sth)  1 [U] (a) physical harm to a living being （对生物体的）伤害, 损害: Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏. * a person prone to injury, ie one who is easily or often injured 易受损伤的人. (b) (fig 比喻) damage (to sb's feelings, reputation, etc) （对感情、 名誉等的）损害: injury to one's pride 自尊心的挫伤.  2 [C] instance of harm to one's body or reputation （对身体或名誉的）伤害, 损害: In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms. 在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤. * an eye injury 眼睛受伤 * (fig 比喻) injuries to one's reputation 对个人名声的败坏.  3(idm 习语) add insult to injury => add. do sb/oneselfan `injury (often joc 常作戏谑语) cause sb/oneself (physical) harm 使（某人[自己]）受（身体的）伤害: If you try and lift that suitcase you'll do yourself an injury! 要提起那只箱子, 你就要受伤了!
injury time 
(sport 体) time added on by the referee at the end of a (football, rugby, etc) match, if the game has been interrupted because of injuries to players 受伤延长比赛时间（足球、 橄榄球等因运动员受伤耽搁的时间, 裁判员在比赛之末准予相应追加）.
injustice
/ In5dVQstIs; In`dVQstIs/ n  1 [U] lack of justice 非正义; 不公正; 无道义: a fierce opponent of injustice 反抗非正义行为的顽强斗士.  2 [C] unjust act, etc 不正义的行为等.  3 (idm 习语) do sb an in`justice (a) judge sb unfairly 冤枉某人; 待某人不公: In saying this you do her an injustice. 你这样说就冤枉她了. (b) (fig 比喻) fail to show sb's true merits 未能反映某人的真正优点或长处: His latest novel does him an injustice, ie does not show how well he can write. 他的小说新作未能反映出他的才华.
ink
/ INk; INk/ n  1 [U, C] coloured liquid for writing, drawing and printing 墨水; 油墨: written in ink 用墨水写的 * different coloured inks 不同颜色的墨水 * [attrib 作定语] an ink blot 墨水渍 * a pen-and-ink drawing 钢笔画.  2 [U] black liquid produced by cuttlefish, squids, etc （乌贼、 鱿鱼等分泌的）墨汁.
ink 
v  1 [Tn] cover (sth) with ink (for printing) 给（某物）上油墨（以印刷）: ink the roller of a duplicating machine 给复印机的油墨辊上油墨.  2 (phr v) ink sth in write or draw over (a pencilled word, outline, etc) with ink （在铅笔字、 略图等上）用墨水加描.
inky
/ 5INkI; `INkI/ (-ier, -iest) adj  1 made dirty with ink 用墨水弄脏的: inky fingers 沾有墨水的手指.  2 black like ink 墨汁般黑的; 漆黑的: the inky darkness of a moonless night 无月之夜的一片黑暗.
ink-bottle 
n bottle in which ink is sold 墨水瓶.
ink-pad (also pad) 
n pad for ink used on rubber stamps 印台.
ink-pot 
n pot for holding ink 墨水瓶.
inkstand 
n stand for one or more ink-bottles 墨水瓶架.
ink-well 
n ink-pot that fits into a hole in a desk 墨水池（嵌入写子台上的墨水瓶）.
inkling
/ 5INklIN; `INklIN/ n [sing] ~ (of sth/that...) slight knowledge (of sth secret or not previously known); hint （对秘密的或以前不知道的事物）略知; 暗示: Can you give me some inkling of what is going on? 现在有什麽情况, 你能告诉我一点儿吗? * The first inkling I had that all was not well was when the share prices began to fall. 股票价格一跌落, 我就开始察觉到情况有些不妙.
inlaid
pt, pp of inlay.
inland
/ 5InlEnd; `InlEnd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (a) situated in the interior of a country, not by the sea or by a frontier 内陆的; 内地的: inland areas, towns, waterways, etc 内陆的地区、 城镇、 水路等. Cf 参看 coastal (coast1). (b) (of a sea) (almost) surrounded by land or islands （指海）（几乎）被陆地或岛屿包围的: an inland sea such as the Caspian 如里海那样的内海.  2 (commerce 商 esp Brit) carried on or obtained inside a country 国内的: inland trade, ie domestic trade, as opposed to imports and exports 国内贸易（与进出口贸易相对）.
inland
/ 9In5lAnd; `In9lAnd/ adv in or towards the interior 在内地; 在内陆; 向内地; 向内陆: They live inland. 他们住在内地. * move further inland 更深入地向内地迁移.
Inland Revenue 
(in Britain) government departmentresponsible for collecting taxes （英国）税务局. Cf 参看 Internal Revenue Service (internal).
inlay
/ 9In5leI; In`le/ v (pt, pp inlaid / 9In5leId; In`led/) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B (in/into A) make a design on (a surface) by putting pieces of wood, metal, etc into it in such a way that the resulting surface is smooth; insert (pieces of wood, metal, etc) in this way 镶; 嵌入; 镶饰: ivory inlaid with gold 镶金牙雕 * gold inlaid into ivory 牙雕上的金饰.
inlaid 
adj  1 embedded in a substance 镶嵌的; 嵌饰的: a floor with inlaid tiles 嵌花砖的地板.  2 decorated with inlaid designs 有嵌饰图案的: an inlaid floor 嵌花地板.
inlay
/ 5InleI; `In9le/ n [C, U]  1 design or pattern made by inlaying 嵌镶装饰或图案: a wooden jewel-box with (a) gold inlay 镶金木质首饰盒.  2 (in dentistry) (method of making a) solid filling of gold, plastic, etc for a hole in a tooth （牙科）（金、 塑料等的）镶体, 镶补术.
inlet
/ 5Inlet; `In9lZt/ n  1 strip of water extending into the land from the sea or a lake, or between islands 湾, 水湾（江河湖海伸入陆地或岛屿间的水域）.  2 opening to allow esp liquid to enter 入口, 进口（尤指供液体进入 的）: the fuel inlet 燃料入口 * [attrib 作定语] an inlet pipe输入管道.  3 something put in, eg a piece of material inserted into a garment to make it larger 衬入物, 嵌入物（如填入衣服中的）.
inmate
/ 5InmeIt; `Inmet/ n one of a number of people living together, esp in a hospital, prison or some other institution 同住在一起的人（尤指医院、 监狱或其他机构中的）.
inmost
/ 5InmEUst; `In9most/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 most inward; furthest from the surface 最内的; 最深的: the inmost recesses of the cave 洞穴的最深处.  2 (fig 比喻) most private or secret 纯粹私人的; 最秘密的: my inmost thoughts, feelings, etc 我心灵深处的思想、 感情等.
inn
/ In; In/ n (Brit) public house or small old hotel where lodgings, drink and meals may be had, now usu in the country 客栈, 小而旧的旅馆（现多指乡村的）. Cf 参看 hotel.
innkeeper 
n person who manages an inn 上述客栈或旅馆的老板.
Inn of Court 
(building occupied by) any of four law societies in London having the exclusive right of admitting people to the rank of barrister in England 律师学院（所属的建筑物）（伦敦四个法律学院之任何一所, 又译作律师协会. 此四所学院或协会是唯一有权授予讼务律师资格的组织）.
innards
/ 5InEdz; `InLdz/ n [pl] (infml 口)  1 stomach and/or bowels 胃; 肠; 肠胃: a pain in my innards 我肚子疼.  2 any inner parts 内部部件: To mend this engine I'll have to have its innards out. 要修理这部发动机, 我得拆下里面的部件.
innate
/ I5neIt; I`net/ adj (of a quality, feeling, etc) in one's nature; possessed from birth （指特质、 感情等）天生的, 先天的, 固有的, 天赋的: innate ability, beauty, etc 天生的才能、 丽质等 * an innate desire 固有的欲望.
innately 
adv naturally 自然地; 天然地; 天生地: innately honest 天生诚实.
inner
/ 5InE(r); `InL/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of the) inside 内部的; 里面的: an inner room 内室. Cf 参看 outer.  2 (of feelings) unexpressed （指感情）内心的, 未表达出来的: If she had inner doubts, it was not apparent to anyone else. 她若心中生疑亦不形之於色.  3 (idm 习语) the ,inner `man/`woman (a) (rhet 修辞) a person's mind or soul 人的精神或灵魂. (b) (joc 谑) one's appetite 胃; 食欲: satisfy the inner man/woman 喂饱肚子.
innermost
/ -mEUst; -9most/ adj [attrib 作定语] most inward; inmost 最内的; 最深的: the innermost depths of a forest 密林深处 * encouraging her to express her innermost feelings 鼓励她表达个人内心深处的感情.
inner circle 
small, often secretive, controlling group of people within an organization 核心集团（组织内部少数人, 常为不公开的人物组成的有权力的小集团）.
inner city 
oldest parts of a city, at or near its centre （近市中心的）旧城区: [attrib 作定语] ,inner-city `slums, de`cay, `housing problems 旧城区的贫民窟、 衰败、 住房问题.
inner lane 
= inside lane (inside).
inner tube 
inflatable rubber tube inside a tyre （轮胎的）内胎.
innings
/ 5InINz; `InINz/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)   1 (in cricket) time during which a team or single player is batting （板球的）局, 回合（一球队或一队员击球的时间）: England made 300 runs in their first innings. 英格兰队在最初几局里获300分.   2 (idm 习语) have had a good `innings (Brit infml 口) have had a long and happy life 一生幸福且长寿.
inning 
n (pl ~s) (in baseball) time during which one team is batting; division of a game in which both teams have a turn to bat （棒球的）局, 回合（比赛两队各攻守一次的时间）.
innocent
/ 5InEsnt; `InEsnt/ adj  1 ~ (of sth) not guilty (of wrongdoing) 无辜的; 无罪的; 清白的: They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子. * innocent of a crime, a charge, an accusation 未犯某罪、 被指控的罪、 被指责的事.  2 [attrib 作定语] suffering harm although not involved 无辜受害的; 被殃及的: an innocent bystander 无端受害的旁观者 * innocent victims of the bomb blast 炸弹下的无辜牺牲者.  3 harmless; innocuous 无害的; 无恶意的: innocent amusement, enjoyment, etc 无害的娱乐、 享受等 * It was a perfectly innocent question. Why get so worked up about it? 那纯粹是无所谓的问题. 何必那麽激动?  4 knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真无邪的; 纯真的; 单纯的: as innocent as a new-born babe 像初生婴儿般纯洁.  5 foolishly simple 头脑简单的; 愚钝的: Don't be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you. 别那麽幼稚, 以为政客说的一切都是可信的.  6 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) lacking sth 没有或缺少某事物: a bare room, innocent of any decoration 空荡荡的房间, 了无装饰.
innocence
/ -sns; -sns/ n [U] ~ (of sth) quality or state of being innocent(1, 4, 5) 无辜; 清白; 天真纯洁;愚钝: do sth in all innocence, ie without any evil intentionor knowledge 做事无私心杂念 * She protested her innocence, ie kept saying she was innocent. 她坚称自己无罪. * Children lose their innocence as they grow older. 童稚的天真随著年龄的增长而消逝.
innocent 
n innocent person, esp a young child 天真无邪的人（尤指小孩）.
innocently 
adv.
innocuous
/ I5nCkjUEs; I`nBkjJEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 causing no harm 无害的; 无毒的: innocuous snakes, drugs 无毒的蛇、 无害的药品.  2 not intended to offend 无意得罪人的: a fairly innocuous remark, statement, etc 无伤大雅的言语、 说法等. 
innocuously 
adv. 
innocuousness 
n [U].
innovate
/ 5InEveIt; `InE9vet/ v [I] make changes; introduce new things 革新; 改革; 创新; 引入新事物: prepared to innovate in order to make progress 为取得进步准备革新.
innovation
/ 9InE5veIFn; 9InE`veFEn/ n (a) [U] innovating 革新; 改革; 创新; 引入新事物: a period of innovation 革新时期. (b) [C] instance of this; new technique, idea, etc 新方法、 新技术、 新思想等: one innovation after another 一个又一个的革新项目 * technical innovations in industry 工业中的技术革新.
innovative
/ 5InEveItI; `InE9vetIv/ (also innovatory / 9InE5veItErI; `InE9vetErI/) adj (approv 褒) introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc 革新的; 有革新精神的; 采用新思想、 新技术的: an innovative firm 革故鼎新的商行.
innovator
/ 5InEveItE(r); `InE9vetL/ n person who innovates 革新者; 创新者.
innuendo
/ 9Inju:5endEU; 9InjJ`Zndo/ n [C, U] (pl ~es / -z; -z/) (derog 贬) indirect reference (usu suggesting sth bad or discreditable about sb) 影射; 暗射: There have been too many unpleasant innuendoes in this debate and not enough facts. 在这场辩论中据实而争者少, 含沙射影者多, 令人生厌. * He had been subject to a campaign of innuendo in the press. 他一直受到新闻界指桑骂槐的影射.
Innuit (also Inuit)
/ 5Inu:It, -nju:-; `InjuIt/ n (pl unchanged复数不变) = Eskimo.
innumerable
/ I5nju:mErEbl; ?@ I5nu:-; I`numErEbl/ adj too many to be counted 无数的; 数不清的. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable.
innumerate
/ I5nju:mErEt; In`jumErEt/ adj without a basic knowledge of mathematics; unable to count or do sums 不懂数学的; 不会数数的; 不会计算的; 数学盲的.
innumeracy
/ -rEsI; -rEsI/ n [U] state of being innumerate 无数学基本知识; 数学盲: the problem of innumeracy and illiteracy among young people 年轻人中的数学盲和文盲的问题.
inoculate
/ I5nCkjUleIt; In`BkjE9let/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (against sth) inject sb with a mild form of a disease, so that he will not catch the disease itself （给某人）接种, 作预防注射, 打预防针: inoculate sb (with a vaccine) 给某人注射疫苗 * inoculate sb against cholera 给某人注射霍乱预防针. Cf 参看 immunize (immune), vaccinate.
inoculation
/ I9nCkjU5leIFn; In9BkjE`leFEn/ n ~ (with sth) (against sth) (a) [U] inoculating or being inoculated 接种; 预防注射. (b) [C] instance of this 接种; 预防注射: have inoculations against cholera and yellow fever 进行霍乱和黄热病的防疫注射.
inoffensive
/ 9InE5fensIv; 9InE`fZnsIv/ adj not giving offence; not objectionable 不触犯人的; 不招人讨厌的: an inoffensive remark, person 不讨人嫌的话、 人. 
inoffensively 
adv. 
inoffensiveness 
n [U].
inoperable
/ In5CpErEbl; In`BpErEbl/ adj  1 (of tumours, etc) that cannot be cured by a surgical operation （指肿瘤等）不能动手术的, 手术无法治愈的.  2 (fml 文) that cannot be made to work; not practicable 不能实行的; 行不通的; 不实用的: an inoperable solution to a problem 不能解决问题的办法.
inoperative
/ 9In5CpErEtIv; In`BpErEtIv/ adj (of laws, rules, etc) not working or taking effect; invalid （指法律、 规则等）不生效的, 无效的, 不起作用的: a bus, train, air service that is inoperative 停止运作的公共汽车、 铁路、 航空服务 * This rule is inoperative until further notice. 此规则何时生效待通知.
inopportune
/ 9In5CpEtju:n; ?@ -tu:n; 9InBpL`tun/ adj (esp of time) not appropriate or convenient （尤指时间）不合适的, 不方便的: at an inopportune moment 在不当的时刻. 
inopportunely 
adv: arrive inopportunely 到达得不是时候.
inordinate
/ In5R:dInEt; In`RrdnEt/ adj (fml 文) beyond proper or normal limits; excessive 超出适当或正常限度的; 无节制的; 过度的: the inordinate demands of the tax collector 税收员过分的要求 * inordinate delays 过分的拖延. 
inordinately 
adv: inordinately fond of sth 过分喜爱某事物.
inorganic
/ 9InR:5gAnIk; 9InRr`^AnIk/ adj  1 not composed of living substances 无生物的; 无机的: Rocks and minerals are inorganic. 岩石和矿物都是无机物.  2 (fig 比喻) not the result of natural growth; artificial 非自然生长的; 人造的: an inorganic form of society 一种非由自然发展而形成的社会形式. Cf 参看 organic 2. 
inorganically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
inorganic chemistry 
branch of chemistry that deals with substances which do not contain carbon 无机化学. Cf 参看 organic chemistry (organic).
input
/ 5InpUt; `In9pJt/ n ~ (into/to sth)  1 (a) [U] action of putting sth in 放入; 投入; 输入: the input of additional resources into the project 给这项工程额外注入的资金. (b) [C, U] that which is put in 投入物: an input of energy (to a system) （向某系统的）能量输入 * electrical input 电的输入. (c) [C] place in a system where this happens 输入端.  2 (computing 计) (a) [U] putting of data into a computer for processing or storage 数据输入（以备处理或存储）. (b) [C, U] data that is put in 输入的数据. (c) [C] place in a computer where this is done 输入端: [attrib 作定语] an input key, code, level 输入键、 代码、 电平. Cf 参看 output 3.
input 
v (-tt-, pt, pp input or inputted) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into/to sth) (computing 计) put (data) into a computer 将（数据）输入计算机. Cf 参看 output v.
input circuit 
(computing 计) circuit that controls input 输入电路; 输入回路.
input device 
(computing 计) equipment by which data is transferred from a memory store to a computer 输入装置; 输入设备.
inquest
/ 5INkwest; `InkwZst/ n ~ (on/into sth)  1 official inquiry to discover facts, esp about a death which may not have been the result of natural causes 审问, 审理（尤指调查疑为非自然死亡者的死因）.  2 (infml 口) discussion about sth which has been unsatisfactory （对不满意的事进行的）事後讨论: hold an inquest on the team's performance in the match 对球队在比赛中的表现进行评议.
inquietude
/ In5kwaIEtju:d; ?@ -tu:d; In`kwaIE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) uneasiness of mind; anxiety 不安; 忧虑.
inquire (also enquire)
/ In5kwaIE(r); In`kwaIr/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (of sb) ask to be told sth (by sb) 询问: inquire sb's name 询问某人的姓名 * `How are you?' she inquired. ｀你好吗?＇她问道. * inquire where to go, how to do sth, etc 询问一下到哪儿去, 如何做某事等 * She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue. 她非常有礼貌地问我是否想继续下去.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sb/sth) ask for information 打听消息: `How much are the tickets?' `I'll inquire.' ｀票价多少钱?＇｀我去打听一下.＇ * inquire at the information desk 在询问处查问 * inquire about trains to London 查询到伦敦去的车次.  3 (phr v) inquire after sb ask about sb's health or welfare 问好; 问候; 问安: People called to inquire after the baby. 大家打电话来打听婴儿的情形. inquire into sth try to learn the facts about sth; investigate sth 调查; 查问; 究问: We must enquire further into the matter. 我们须进一步调查此事.
inquirer
/ In5kwaIErE(r); In`kwaIrL/ n person who inquires 调查者; 查问者.
inquiring
/ In5kwaIErIN; In`kwaIrIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 showing an interest in learning 爱询问的; 爱打听的: an inquiring mind 爱探索的头脑.  2 suggesting that information is needed 探询的; 追究的: an inquiring look 追究的神情. 
inquiringly 
adv.
inquiry (also enquiry)
/ In5kwaIErI; ?@ 5InkwErI;`InkwErI/ n  1 (a) [C] ~ (about/concerning sb/sth) (fml 文) request for help or information (about sb/sth) 请求帮助; 询问: In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日询问的书暂时无货, 谨此奉覆. * I've been making (some) inquiries (ie trying to find out) about it. 我一直在（多方）打听这件事. * [attrib 作定语] an inquiry desk/office 问讯台[处]. (b) inquiries [pl] place from which one can get information 问讯处: `How do I apply for this licence?' `You want inquiries.' ｀怎样申请许可证?＇｀你得到问讯处打听.＇ * directory inquiries, ie giving information about telephone numbers 电话号码查询台.  2 [U] (fml 文) asking; inquiring 问询; 调查; 查询: learn sth by inquiry 经查询得知某事 * The police are following several lines of inquiry. 警方正沿几条线索进行调查. * On inquiry (ie Having asked) I found it was true. 我经打听方知事情属实.  3 [C] ~ (into sth) investigation 调查; 查究: hold an official inquiry 进行正式调查 * call for a public inquiry into safety standards 要求公开调查安全情况.
inquiry agent 
private detective 私人侦探.
inquisition
/ 9InkwI5zIFn; 9InkwE`zIFEn/ n  1 the Inquisition(also the Holy `Office) [sing] organization appointed by the Roman Catholic Church to suppress heresy (esp from the 15th to the 17th century) （天主教镇压异教徒的）异端裁判所, 宗教法庭（尤指15至17世纪的）.  2 [C] ~ (into sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) investigation or interrogation, esp one that is severe and looks closely into details 调查, 查究, 盘问（尤指严格而详细的）: I was subjected to a lengthy inquisition into the state of my marriage and the size of my bank balance. 有关方面就我的婚姻状况以及银行存款余额对我进行了详细的调查.
inquisitive
/ In5kwIzEtIv; In`kwIzEtIv/ adj (too) fond of inquiring into other people's affairs （太）好打听别人的事情的: `What's that you're hiding?' `Don't be so inquisitive!' ｀你藏什麽东西呢?＇｀别那麽爱管闲事!＇ 
inquisitively 
adv. 
inquisitiveness 
n [U].
inquisitor
/ In5kwIzItE(r); In`kwIzEtL/ n investigator, esp an officer of the Inquisition 调查人（尤指天主教的宗教法庭审判官）.
inquisitorial
/ In9kwIzI5tR:rIEl; In9kwIzE`tRrIEl/ adj of or like an inquisitor （似）审判官的. 
inquisitorially
/ -rIElI; -rIElI/ adv.
inroad
/ 5InrEUd; `In9rod/ n (esp pl 尤作复数)  1 ~ (into sth) sudden attack on another's territory; raid 突然侵袭他人领地; 突袭: inroads into enemy territory 突袭敌国领土.  2 (idm 习语) make inroads into/on sth gradually use up or consume more and more of sth; lessen the amount of sth available 消耗某物: Hospital bills had made deep inroads into her savings. 住院的花销用去她一大笔积蓄. * Already the children had made considerable inroads on the food. 孩子们早已吃掉不少食物.
inrush
/ 5InrQF; `In9rQF/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) rushing in (of sth); sudden arrival in large numbers 涌入; 冲入; 大量突然抵达: an inrush of air, water, etc 空气、 水等流入 * an inrush of tourists, visitors, etc 纷至沓来的游客、 观光的人等.
insalubrious
/ 9InsE5lu:brIEs; 9InsE`lubrIEs/ adj (fml 文) unhealthy 有损健康的; 不卫生的: insalubrious alleys and slums 卫生条件恶劣的陋巷和贫民窟.
insane
/ In5seIn; In`sen/ adj not sane; mad; senseless 精神失常的; 疯狂的; 愚蠢的: an insane person 精神错乱的人 * an insane desire, idea, decision, policy 疯狂的欲望、 想法、 决定、 政策.
the insane 
n [pl v] insane people 精神错乱的人: an institution for the insane 精神病院.
insanely 
adv: insanely jealous 忌妒得发狂.
insanity
/ In5sAnEtI; In`sAnEtI/ n [U] madness; being mad 疯狂; 精神错乱: a plea of insanity, ie a plea in a court of law that a crime was due to the defendant having a mental disorder 精神失常的抗辩（在法庭上被告的辩护, 称作案时精神失常）.
insane asylum 
(dated 旧) = mental home (mental).
insanitary
/ In5sAnItrI; ?@ -terI; In`sAnE9tZrI/ adj not sanitary 不卫生的: insanitary living conditions 不卫生的生活环境.
insatiable
/ In5seIFEbl; In`seFEbl/ adj ~ (for sth) that cannot be satisfied; very greedy 不能满足的; 极贪心的: Another cake? You're insatiable! 再来一块蛋糕? 你可真贪得无厌! * an insatiable appetite, curiosity, desire, thirst (for knowledge), etc 永不满足的食欲、 好奇心、 欲望、 （求知）如渴之欲等 * a politician who is insatiablefor power 权欲心重的政客. 
insatiably
/ -FEblI;-FEblI/adv.
insatiate
/ In5seIFIEt; In`seFIEt/ adj (fml 文) never satisfied 永不满足的.
inscribe
/ In5skraIb; In`skraIb/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ A (on/in B)/~ B (with A) write (words, one's name, etc) on or in sth, esp as a formal or permanent record 在某物上写, 题（词语、 名字等）（尤指作正式的或永久性的记录）: inscribe verses on a tombstone/inscribe a tombstonewith verses 在墓碑上题诗 * inscribe one's name in a book/inscribe a book with one's name 在书上签名 * The book was inscribed `To Cyril, with warmest regards.' 这本书题有｀西里尔惠存, 谨致最亲切的问候＇的字样.
inscription
/ In5skrIpFn; In`skrIpFEn/ n words written on sth, cut in stone (eg on a monument) or stamped on a coin or medal 题名, 题字, 铭文（写、 刻或压印於某物上的, 如纪念碑、 硬币或勋章）: an illegible inscription carved on the doorpost 刻在门柱上的已模糊不清的字迹 * What does the inscription say? 这碑文记叙的是什麽?
inscrutable
/ In5skru:tEbl; In`skrutEbl/ adj that can not be understood or known; mysterious 不可理解的; 不可知的; 神秘的: the inscrutable ways of Providence 不可思议的天道 * his inscrutable face, ie which does not show what he is thinking 他那神秘莫测的面孔（看不出他在想什麽）. 
inscrutability
/ In9skru:tE5bIlEtI; In9skrutE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inscrutably
/ In5skru:tEblI; In`skrutEblI/ adv.
insect
/ 5Insekt; `InsZkt/ n  1 type of small animal (eg an ant, a fly, a wasp) having six legs, no backbone and a body divided into three parts (head, thorax and abdomen) 昆虫: [attrib 作定语] an insect bite 昆虫咬伤. =>illus 见插图.  2 (in incorrect but common usage 不确切的通俗用法) any small, crawling creature (eg a spider) 爬行的小动物（如蜘蛛）.
insecticide
/ In5sektIsaId; In`sZktE9saId/ n [C, U] substance used for killing insects (eg DDT) 杀虫剂, 杀虫药（如滴滴涕）: [attrib 作定语] an insecticide spray, powder, etc 灭虫喷雾剂、 粉剂等. Cf 参看 pesticide. 
insecticidal
/ In9sektI5saIdl; In9sZktE`saIdl/ adj.
insectivore
/ In5sektIvR:(r); In`sZktE9vRr/ n animal that eats insects 食虫动物. 
insectivorous
/ 9Insek5tIvErEs; 9InsZk`tIvErEs/ adj that eats insects 食虫的: Swallows are insectivorous. 燕子以虫为食.
insecure
/ 9InsI5kjUE(r); 9InsI`kjJr/ adj  1 not secure or safe; not providing good support; that cannot be relied on 不保险的; 不安全的; 不牢固的; 不稳定的; 不可靠的: have an insecure hold/grip on sth, eg when climbing 未抓牢某物（如攀登时） * (fig 比喻) an insecure arrangement, plan, etc 不可靠的安排、 计画等 * an insecure job, ie from which one may be dismissed at any time 不稳固的工作（随时有被解雇的可能） * insecure evidence, ie not reliable enough to convict sb in a court of law 不可靠的证据（即不足以在法庭上给被告定罪的）.  2 ~ (about sb/sth) not feeling safe or protected; lacking confidence 缺乏安全感的; 感到无保障的; 信心不足的: an insecure person 缺乏安全感的人 * She feels very insecure about her marriage. 她对自己的婚姻缺乏信心. 
insecurely 
adv: insecurely fastened 固定得不很牢靠. 
insecurity
/ 9InsI5kjUErEtI; 9InsI`kjJrEtI/ n [U]: suffer from feelings of insecurity 感到不安全.
inseminate
/ In5semIneIt; In`sZmE9net/ v [Tn] put sperm into (a female, esp a female animal) either naturally or artificially 使（尤指动物）受精（自然受精或人工授精）: inseminate a cow 使母牛受精.
insemination
/ In9semI5neIFn; In9sZmE`neFEn/ n [U] inseminating 受精.
insensate
/ In5senseIt; In`sZnset/ adj (fml 文)  1 without the power to feel or experience 无感觉的; 无感知能力的: insensate rocks 顽石.  2 unfeeling, esp in a foolish way 无情的; （尤指）蠢笨无情的: insensate rage, cruelty, etc 无理性的狂怒、 残忍等. 
insensately 
adv.
insensibility
/ In9sensE5bIlEtI; 9InsZnsE`bIlEtI/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 unconsciousness 无知觉; 无意识: lying in a state of drugged insensibility 用药後一直躺著, 毫无知觉.  2 ~ (to sth) (a) lack of physical feeling （肉体上）无感觉: insensibility to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉. (b) (derog 贬) lack of ability to respond emotionally （情感上）缺乏反应能力: insensibility to art, music, beauty, etc 对艺术、 音乐、 美等无欣赏能力. (c) (derog 贬) indifference 漠不关心; 冷淡: He showed total insensibility to the animal's fate. 他对那个动物的命运漠不关心.
insensible
/ In5sensEbl; In`sZnsEbl/ adj (fml 文)  1 unconscious as the result of injury, illness, etc （因伤、 病等）昏迷不醒的, 失去知觉的: knocked insensible by a falling rock 被落石击中而失去知觉.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) without knowledge (of sth); unaware 一无所知; 未觉察到: be insensible of (one's) danger 对（自己）面临的危险懵然无知 * I'm not insensible how much I owe to your help. 你帮了我这许多忙, 我不是不知道的.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) not able to feel (sth); insensitive(2) 无知觉; 无感觉: insensible to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉.  4 [attrib 作定语] (of changes) too small or gradual to be noticed; imperceptible （指变化）（因细微或缓慢）不易觉察的, 感觉不到的: by insensible degrees 不知不觉地.
insensibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
insensitive
/ In5sensEtIv; In`sZnsEtIv/ adj  1 not realizing or caring how other people feel, and therefore likely to offend them 未意识到或不顾及他人的感受的（因而易触犯他人）: It was rather insensitive of you to mention his dead wife. 你也太粗心了, 竟然提起他已故的妻子来.  2 ~ (to sth) not able to feel sth 无感觉的; 麻木不仁的: insensitive to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉 * (fig 比喻) He's insensitive to criticism. 他对批评毫无反应. 
insensitively 
adv. 
insensitivity
/ In9sensE5tIvEtI; In9sZnsE`tIvEtI/ n [U].
inseparable
/ In5seprEbl; In`sZprEbl/ adj ~ (from sb/sth) that cannot be separated 不可分的; 分不开的: Rights are inseparable from duties. 权利和职责是分不开的. * inseparable (ie extremely close) friends 形影不离的朋友. 
inseparability
/ In9seprE5bIlEtI; In9sZprE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inseparably
/ In5seprEblI; In`sZprEblI/ adv.
insert
/ In5s\:t; In`s[t/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into/between sth) put, fit, place sth into sth or between two things 插入、 放入、 置入或嵌於某物或某两物间: insert an additional paragraph in an essay, an advertisement in a newspaper, etc 在文章中加插一个段落、 在报上刊登一段广告 * insert a key into a lock 把钥匙插进锁中 * Insert your fingers between the layers and press them apart. 把手指插入两层之间, 用力将之分开.
insert
/ 5Ins\:t; `Ins[t/ n ~ (in sth) thing inserted (esp an additional section in a book, newspaper, etc) 插入物（尤指书、 报等的插页）: an eight-page insert 八页的附加页.
insertion
/ In5s\:Fn; In`s[FEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (into sth) inserting or being inserted 插入; 放入; 置入: the insertion of a coin into a slot 往投币孔塞进一枚硬币.  2[C] thing inserted, eg an announcement or advertisementput in a newspaper 插入物（如在报纸上刊登的启事或广告）.
inset
/ 5Inset; `In9sZt/ n additional thing put in, esp a small picture, map, diagram, etc within the border of a printed page or of a larger picture 添入物（尤指一页印刷品或大图中插入或套印的小图）.
inset 
v (-tt-, pt, pp inset) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (intosth) put sth in as an inset 嵌入; 插入: For an explanationof the symbols see the key, inset left. 有关各符号的意义请见左边附表.
inshore
/ 9In5FR:(r); `In9FRr/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sth at sea) close to the shore （指海上某物）近海岸的, 向陆的: an ,inshore `current 近滨流 * ,inshore `fisheries 近海渔场. 
inshore 
adv: fishing inshore or out at sea 沿海或出海捕鱼.
inside
/ In5saId; `In`saId/ n  1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] inner side or surface; part within 里面; 背面; 内侧; 内部: The inside of the box was lined with silk. 那盒子用丝作衬里. * This cup is stained on the inside. 这杯子的内侧有积垢. * chocolates with a creamy inside 有奶油心的巧克力 * Which paint is suitable for the inside of a house? 房子内部刷什麽漆合适? * The room had been locked from/on the inside. 这房间已从里面锁上了. * The insides of the cylinders must be carefully cleaned. 汽缸内部必须仔细清理乾净. (b) [sing] part of a road or track nearest to the inner side of a curve （道路或跑道）转弯处的内侧, 内圈, 里道: Daley Thomson is coming up on the inside. 戴利·汤姆森正从里圈赶上来了. (c) [sing] side of a pavement or footpath that is furthest away from the road （人行道）远离车道的一侧, 内侧: Walk on the inside to avoid the traffic fumes. 在人行道的内侧走, 避开车辆的废气. Cf 参看 outside1.  2 [sing] (also insides/ In5saIdz; In`saIdz/ [pl]) (infml 口) stomach and bowels 肠胃: a pain in his inside 他肚子痛 * My insides are crying out for food. 我饿得肚子直叫.  3 (idm 习语) ,inside `out (a) with the normal inner side on the outside 里面朝外: wearing his socks inside out 他把袜子穿反了. * Turn the blouse inside out before drying it. 把衬衫翻过来再乾衣. * My umbrella has blown insideout. 我的雨伞给吹得翻过去了. =>illus at back1 见back1. (b) thoroughly; completely 彻底地; 完全地: know a subject inside out 非常熟悉某问题 * turn a cupboard, drawer, etc inside out, ie search thoroughly by emptying it and looking through its contents 把碗橱、 抽屉等里面的东西全倒出来彻底翻找. on the in`side (a) within a group or an organization so that one has direct access to information, etc 处於集团或组织内部因而知内情: The thieves must have had someone on the inside to help them break in. 那伙盗贼一定有内应, 协助他们闯了进去. (b) (of motorists, motor vehicles, etc) using the lane that is furthest away from the centre of the road or motorway （指开汽车的人或机动车辆等）使用内车道: The driver behind me tried to overtake on the inside. 我後面的驾驶员想从内车道超过我.
inside 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 forming the inner part of sth; not on the outer side 内部的; 里面的; 内侧的: He kept his wallet in an ,inside `pocket. 他把钱包放在里面的口袋里. * What does your inside leg (ie from the crutch to the inner side of the foot) measure? 你的腿从内侧量有多长? * the inside pages of a newspaper 报纸中间的各版 * choosing to run on the inside track 选择在内跑道跑.  2 told or performed by sb who is in a building, a group or an organization 从内部得到的; 得自内线的: Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest the gang before the robbery occurred. 警方根据匪徒内部情报, 在劫案发生前把他们一网打尽. * The robbery appeared to have been an inside job. 这抢劫案看来是内部的人干的.
insider
/ In5saIdE(r); In`saIdL/ n person who, as a member of a group or an organization, is able to obtain information not available to others 内部的人; 知情人. insider `dealing (also in,sider `trading) buying or selling with the help of information known only by those connected with the business 内幕交易.
inside lane 
section of a road or motorway where the traffic moves more slowly 内车道: After overtaking you should move back into the inside lane. 超车後应回到内车道行驶.
inside left, inside right player 
(in football, etc) in the forward line who is immediately to the left/right of the centre-forward （足球等的）左内锋, 右内锋.
inside
/ In5saId; `In`saId/ (also esp US inside of) prep  1 on or to the inner side of (sb/sth); within 在或往（某人[某物]）里面: go inside the house 走进房子里 * put it inside its cage 把它放到笼子里去 * Inside the box there was a gold coin. 盒子里面曾有一块金币. * You'll feel better with a good meal inside you, ie when you've eaten a good meal. 你好好吃上一顿饭, 就会觉得好些. Cf 参看 outside2.  2 (of time) in less than (sth) （指时间）少於: The job is unlikely to be finished inside (of) a year. 这工作一年之内不见得能完成.
inside 
adv  1 on or to the inside 在或向里面: The coat has a detachable lining inside. 这件大衣有活里儿. * She shook it to make certain there was nothing inside. 她把它摇了摇, 想知道里面确实没有东西. * The guests had to move inside (ie indoors) when it started to rain. 外面下起雨来, 客人只好都回到屋里.  2 (sl 俚) in prison 在监狱里; 在押.
insidious
/ In5sIdIEs; In`sIdIEs/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effects 隐伏的; 潜在的; 暗中为害的: an insidious disease 潜伏的疾病 * insidious jealousy 暗暗产生的忌妒. 
insidiously 
adv: He had insidiously wormed his way into her affections. 他已神不知鬼不觉地逐渐赢得了她的爱情. 
insidiousness 
n [U].
insight
/ 5InsaIt; `In9saIt/ n ~ (into sth)  1 (a) [U] (approv 褒) ability to see into the true nature (of sth); deep understanding 洞察力; 深刻的了解: a person of insight 有洞察力的人 * show insight into human character 表现出对人性的深刻了解. (b) [C] instance of this 洞察力; 深刻的了解: a book full of remarkable insights 很有真知灼见的书.  2 [C] (sudden) perception or understanding of the true nature (of sth) （突然的）领悟, 猛省: She was given an unpleasant insight into what life would be like as his wife. 她恍然大悟嫁给他就要过那种日子, 心里十分难过. * have/gain an insight into a problem 对某问题豁然开朗.
insightful
/ -fUl; -fEl/ adj (approv 褒) showing insight 富有洞察力的; 有深刻见解的: an insightful remark 有真知灼见的言语.
insignia
/ In5sIgnIE; In`sI^nIE/ n [pl] (a) symbols of rank or authority, eg the crown and sceptre of a king or queen 官阶识别符号, 象徵（如国王或王后的王冠及权杖）: the insignia of office 官职的标记. (b) identifying badge of a military regiment, squadron, etc 军队、 航空队等的标记、 标志.
insignificant
/ 9InsIg5nIfIkEnt; 9InsI^`nIfEkEnt/ adj having little or no value, use, meaning or importance 无价值的; 无用的; 无意义的; 不重要的; 无足轻重的: The rate has fallen by an insignificant (ie too small to be important) amount. 比率虽有下降, 但微不足道. * an insignificant-looking little man who turned out to be the managing director 一个其貌不扬的男人, 却原来是总经理. 
insignificance
/ -kEns; -kEns/ n [U]: reduced toinsignificance 削弱到无足轻重的程度. 
insignificantly
adv.
insincere
/ 9InsIn5sIE(r); 9InsIn`sIr/ adj not sincere 不真诚的; 不诚恳的. 
insincerely 
adv. 
insincerity
/ 9InsIn5serEtI; 9InsIn`sZrEtI/ n [U].
insinuate
/ In5sInjUeIt; In`sInjJ9et/ v  1 [Tn, Dn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) suggest sth (to sb) unpleasantly and indirectly （向某人）旁敲侧击示意某事物: What are you insinuating? 你旁敲侧击, 究竟指的是什麽? * Are you insinuating that I am a liar? 你绕来绕去是否暗指我撒谎?  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/oneself into sth (fml 文) place sth/oneself smoothly and stealthily into sth 使某事物[自己]悄然潜入某事物中: insinuate one's body/person into a narrow opening 使自己的身体[自己]小心翼翼地钻入狭窄的孔隙中 * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) insinuate oneself into sb's favour, ie ingratiate oneself with sb 巧妙地逐渐取得某人的宠信.
insinuation
/ In9sInjU5eIFn; In9sInjJ`eFEn/ n (a) [U] insinuating 旁敲侧击; 巧妙地进入; 巴结: blacken sb's character by insinuation 含沙射影地贬低某人的品格. (b) [C] ~ (that...) thing that is insinuated; indirect suggestion 影射; 暗示的批评; 讨好的委婉话; 谀词: I object to your (unpleasant) insinuations! 我讨厌你那些（令人不快的）拐弯抹角的话!
insipid
/ In5sIpId; In`sIpId/ adj (derog 贬)  1 having almost no taste or flavour 无味道的: insipid food 无味道的食物.  2 (fig 比喻) lacking in interest or vigour 乏味的; 无生气的: painted in pale, insipid colours 涂有灰暗的、 死气沉沉的颜色 * an insipid performance of the symphony 交响乐团乏味的演奏 * a good-looking but insipid young man 外貌好看而无情趣的小伙子. 
insipidity
/ 9InsI5pIdEtI; 9InsI`pIdEtI/ (also insipidness) n [U]. 
insipidly 
adv.
insist
/ In5sIst; In`sIst/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (on sth) demand (sth) forcefully, not accepting a refusal 坚持或坚决要求（某事物）: `You really must go!' `All right, if you insist.' ｀你真得走了!＇｀好吧, 你一定要我走, 我就走.＇ * I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right. 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好.  2 [Ipr] ~ on sth/doing sth require or demand (the specified thing), refusing to accept an alternative 一定要（某事物）; 坚决主张: I always insist on wholemeal bread. 我一贯主张要吃全麦面包. * (fig 比喻) She will insist on getting up early and playing her radio loud, ie She always does this, annoyingly. 她老是一大早起来就把收音机音量开得很大.  3 [Ipr, Tf] ~ on sth state or declare sth forcefully, esp when other people oppose or disbelieve one 坚持说, 固执地声称（尤指别人反对或不信时）: She kept insisting on her innocence/insisting that she was innocent. 她坚持说她是清白的.
insistent
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj ~ (about/on sth); ~ (that...) tending to insist; not allowing refusal or opposition 坚持的; 不容拒绝或反对的: She's a most insistent person; she won't take `no' for an answer. 她是个说一不二的人, 决不容别人反对. * You mustn't be late; he was most insistent about that. 你万不可迟到, 他对这一点最严格. * (fig 比喻) this job's insistent demands 此工作之硬性要求 * (fig 比喻) the insistent (ie constantly and noticeably repeated) horn phrase in the third movement of the symphony 交响乐第三乐章中反覆突出的号音. 
insistence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] ~ (about/on sth); ~ (that...). 
insistently 
adv.
insofar as
/ 9InsE5fB:r Ez; 9InsE`fBr Ez/ = in so far as (far).
insole
/ 5InsEUl; `In9sol/ n inside surface of the bottom of a shoe 鞋的内底; 鞋垫.
insolent
/ 5InsElEnt; `InsElEnt/ adj ~ (to/towards sb) extremely rude, esp in expressing contempt 粗鲁的; 粗野的; 无礼的; 侮慢的: insolent children, remarks, behaviour 无礼的儿童、 言语、 举止.
insolence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] ~ (to/towards sb) being insolent 粗野; 无礼; 傲慢; 侮辱: That's enough of your insolence, boy! 不要再放肆了, 小伙子! * dumb insolence, ie expressed by behaviour rather than verbally 无声的侮慢（用行为而非言语表达的）.
insolently 
adv.
insoluble
/ In5sCljUbl; In`sBljEbl/ adj  1 (of substances) that cannot be dissolved; not soluble （指物质）不能溶解的.  2 (fig 比喻) that cannot be solved or explained 不能解决的; 不能解释的: an insoluble problem, mystery, riddle, etc 不能解决的问题、 无法解释的奥秘、 不解之谜.
insolvent
/ In5sClvEnt; In`sBlvEnt/ adj unable to pay debts; bankrupt 无力偿付债务的; 破产的.
insolvency
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n [U].
insolvent 
n insolvent person 无力偿付债务的人; 破产者.
insomnia
/ In5sCmnIE; In`sBmnIE/ n [U] inability to sleep 失眠; 失眠症: suffer from insomnia 患失眠症.
insomniac
/ In5sCmnIAk; In`sBmnIAk/ n person who finds it difficult to go to sleep 失眠者; 失眠症患者.
insomuch
/ 9InsEU5mQtF; 9Inso`mQtF/ adv ~ as... becauseof the fact that...; to the degree or extent that...; inasmuch as... 因为; 由於; 鉴於; 至如此程度: This statement was important insomuch as it revealed the extent of their knowledge. 这一陈述显示了他们了解情况之多, 因而十分重要.
insouciance
/ In5su:sIEns; In`susIEns/ n [U] (fml 文) state of being unconcerned, esp in a light-hearted way; nonchalance 无忧无虑; 满不在乎; 漠不关心; 漫不经心. 
insouciant
/ -sIEnt; -sIEnt/ adj.
Insp
abbr 缩写 = Inspector (esp in the police force): Chief Insp (Paul) King 总巡官（保罗·）金.
inspect
/ In5spekt; In`spZkt/ v  1 [Tn] (a) examine (sth) closely 检查（某事物）: The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照. (b) visit (sth) officially to see that rules are obeyed, that work is done properly, etc 视察（某事物）: inspect a school, factory, regiment, etc 视察学校、 工厂、 团队等.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth for sth examine sb/sth in order to detect the presence of sth 检查; 查看; 察看; 审视: inspect sb/sb's head for lice, dandruff, etc 检查某人头部有无头虱、 头皮屑等 * inspect an object for fingerprints察看一物件以寻找指纹.
inspection
/ In5spekFn; In`spZkFEn/ n  1 [U] inspecting or being inspected 检查; 视察: On inspection (ie When inspected) the notes proved to be forgeries. 经检查发现钞票是伪造的. * after inspection (of the factory) for signs of inefficiency 视察（工厂）有无效率低的迹象之後.  2 [C] instance of this 检查; 视察: carry out frequent inspections 进行经常性检查.
inspector
/ In5spektE(r); In`spZktL/ n  1 official who inspects eg schools, factories, mines 检查员; 视察员; 巡视员; 稽查员; 检验员; 督学.  2 (Brit) police officer between the ranks of chief-inspector and sergeant （警察）巡官: Inspector Davies 戴维斯巡官.  3 official who examines bus or train tickets to ensure that they are valid （公共汽车或火车的）查票员.
inspectorate
/ In5spektErEt; In`spZktErEt/ n [CGp] inspectors collectively 视察人员（总称）; 视察团: the primary schools inspectorate 小学督学团.
inspector of taxes (also tax inspector) 
official who examines statements of people's income and decides the tax to be paid on it 税务稽查员.
inspiration
/ 9InspE5reIFn; 9InspE`reFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (to do sth) stimulation of the mind, feelings, etc to do sth beyond a person's usual ability, esp creative ability in art, literature, music, etc; state or quality of being inspired 灵感: Wordsworth found (his) inspiration in/drew (his) inspiration from the Lake District scenery. It was a great source of inspiration to him. 华兹华斯从风景优美的英格兰湖区获得灵感. 那地方是他灵感的巨大源泉. * Her work shows real inspiration. 她的作品表现出她很有灵感. * I sat down to write my essay, but found I was completely without inspiration, ie could think of nothing to write. 我坐下来写文章, 可是发觉自己毫无灵感（想不出写什麽）. * (saying 谚) Genius is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration, ie hard work. 天才是10%的灵感加上90%的勤奋.  2 [C] ~ (to/for sb) person or thing that causes this state 鼓舞或激励人的人或事物: This woman's an inspiration to all of us, ie is so excellent that she inspires us. 这一女子就是鼓舞我们大家的人.  3 [C] (infml 口) (sudden) good idea resulting from such a state （心血来潮的）妙计, 好主意, 灵机: I've just had an inspiration: why don't we try turning it the other way! 我突然想到一个好主意, 我们何不试试向相反的方向转一转呢!
inspirational
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj providing inspiration 启发灵感的; 鼓舞或激励人的: an inspirational piece of writing 一篇鼓舞人心的文字.
inspire
/ In5spaIE(r); In`spaIr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) fill sb with the ability or urge to do, feel, etc sth beyond his usual ability, esp to write, paint, compose, etc 赋予某人灵感（尤指写作、 绘画、 作曲 等）; 启示; 启迪: His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力. * The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry. 英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth)/~ sth (in sb) fill sb with thoughts, feelings or aims 激励或鼓舞某人: Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence/inspire much confidence in us. 我们一见到那旅店昏暗肮脏, 心里就很不痛快. * inspire hope, loyalty, enthusiasm, etc in sb 燃起某人的希望、 唤起某人的忠诚、 激起某人的热情 * gloomy statistics which inspired panic in the stock market/among the stockbrokers 在证券市场[证券经纪人]中引起恐慌的令人沮丧的统计数字.
inspired 
adj (approv 褒)  1 filled with creative power 有创作力的: an inspired poet, artist, etc 有创作力的诗人、 艺术家等.  2 full of a spirit that leads to outstanding achievements 有雄心壮志的: act like aman/woman inspired 表现得像是很有雄心壮志的人.  3 produced (as if) by or with the help of inspiration 受灵感启示的; （彷佛）得自灵感的: an inspired work of art 得自灵感的艺术作品 * an inspired effort 由灵感产生的力量 * an inspired guess, ie made by intuition rather than logic, but usu correct 凭灵感的猜测（靠直觉而不靠逻辑, 但往往正确）.
inspiring
/ In5spaIErIN; In`spaIrIN/ adj  1 that inspires (sb to do sth) 鼓舞人的: an inspiring thought 鼓舞人心的想法.  2 (usu with negatives 通常与否定词连用) (infml 口) filling one with interest and enthusiasm 使人感兴趣的; 吸引人的: a book on a not very inspiring subject 题材并不十分令人感兴趣的书.
Inst
abbr 缩写 = Institute; Institution.
inst
/ Inst; Inst/ abbr 缩写 = (dated or fml commerce 旧或文, 商) instant (of this month) 本月的: your letter of the 6th inst 您本月6日的信.
instability
/ 9InstE5bIlEtI; 9InstE`bIlEtI/ n [U] lack of stability 不稳定; 不稳固: mental instability, ie liability to fits of madness 精神不稳定 * the inherent instability of this chemical, eg one which may blow up or catch fire 这种化学药品固有的不稳定性（如易爆炸或著火）.
install (US also instal)
/ In5stR:l; In`stRl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fix equipment, furniture, etc inposition for use, esp by making the necessary connectionswith the supply of electricity, water, etc 安装, 设置（设备、 家具等）: install a heating or lighting system (in a building) （在建筑物中）安装暖气或照明设备 * I'm having a shower installed. 我正在安装淋浴设备.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) settle sb/oneself in a place 将某人安顿或安置於某处[在某处安顿下来]: be comfortably installed in a new home 在新居舒适地安顿下来 * She installed herself in her father's favourite armchair. 她坐在她父亲最喜欢坐的单座沙发上.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) place sb in a new position of authority with the usual ceremony （以例行仪式）使某人就新职: install a priest (in office) 使一牧师就职.
installation
/ 9InstE5leIFn; 9InstE`leFEn/ n  1 (a) [U]installing or being installed 安装; 设置; 就职: Installationrequires several days. 安装工程需时数日. * the installationof the new vice-chancellor 大学校长的就职 * [attrib 作定语] installation costs/charges 安装费. (b) [C] instance of this 安装; 设置; 就职: carry out several installations 实施几项安装工程.  2 [C] (a) that which is installed 安装物; 装置; 设备: a heating installation 取暖装置. (b) site housing military equipment 军事设施: attacking the enemy's missile installations 攻击敌人的导弹设施.
instalment (US usu 美式英语通常作 installment)
/ In5stR:lmEnt; In`stRlmEnt/ n  1 any one of the separate but connected parts in which a story is presented over a period of time （一故事分段连载或连播等的）一集: a story that will appear in instalments 分段连载的故事 * Don't miss the next instalment! 下期续载, 切勿错过!  2 ~ (on sth) any one of the parts of a payment spread over a period of time （分期付款的）一期付款: pay for a house by monthly instalments 按月分期付款买房 * keep up the instalments (ie maintain regular payments) on the house 为买该房按时分期付款.
instalment plan 
(esp US) = hire purchase (hire).
instance
/ 5InstEns; `InstEns/ n  1 ~ (of sth) particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case 例子; 实例; 事例: I can quote you several instances of her being deliberately rude. 我可以给你举出她故意粗暴待人的几个例子. * In most instances (ie Mostly) the pain soon goes away. 在多数情况下, 这种疼痛很快就消失.  2 (idm 习语) at the instance of sb (fml 文) at sb's (urgent) request or suggestion 应某人之（紧急）请求或建议. for `instance as an example; for example 例如; 比如: Several of his friends came: Ben, Carol and Mike, for instance. 他的几个朋友来了, 比如本、 卡罗尔、 麦克. in the `first instance (fml 文) at the beginning; intially 首先; 第一: In the first instance I was inclined to refuse, but then I reconsidered. 起初我想拒绝, 但後来还是重新考虑了. in `this instance on this occasion; in this case 在这种情况下.
instance 
v [Tn] give (sth) as an example 举（某事物）为例.
instant
/ 5InstEnt; `InstEnt/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] coming or happening at once 立即的; 立刻的: a new book that was an instant success 一出版就大获成功的新书 * feel instant relief after treatment 医治後随即感到舒服了 * instant hot water, ie as soon as the tap is turned on 瞬间致热的水（一开龙头水就热）.  2 (of food preparations) that can very quickly and easily be made ready for use （指食品的制备）调制快速方便的, 速成的: instant coffee, ie made by adding hot water or milk to a powder 速溶咖啡.  3 (abbr 缩写 inst) (dated commerce 旧, 商) (after dates 用於日期之後) of the present month 本月的: in reply to your letter of the 9th inst 兹覆本月9日来函.  4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) urgent 紧急的; 急迫的: attend to sb's instant needs 满足某人紧急的需要 * in instant need of help 在需要紧急援助时.
instantly 
adv at once; immediately 立刻; 马上; 瞬即: an instantly recognizable face 一眼就可以认得出来的面孔.  conj as soon as 一...就...: Tell me instantly he arrives. 他一到就告诉我.
instant
/ 5InstEnt; `InstEnt/ n (esp sing 尤作单数)  1 precise point of time 当时: Come here this instant! ie at once! 马上到这里来! * He left (at) that (very) instant. 他立刻离开了. * leave on the instant of six o'clock, ie not a second later than six 六时整离开 * I recognized her the instant (that) (ie as soon as) I saw her. 我一眼就认出是她.  2 short space of time; moment 顷刻; 刹那; 瞬间; 片刻: I shall be back in an instant. 我马上就回来. * Help came not an instant too soon. 援助来得正是时候. * Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse. 我脑中有一闪念, 以为他要拒绝了.
instantaneous
/ 9InstEn5teInIEs; 9InstEn`tenIEs/ adj happening or done immediately 即时的; 瞬间的: Death was instantaneous, eg in a fatal accident. 当即死去（如在致命事故中）. 
instantaneously 
adv.
instead
/ In5sted; In`stZd/ adv as an alternative or replacement 代替; 更换: We've no coffee. Would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了. 改喝茶好麽? * It will take days by car, so let's fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢, 咱们还是坐飞机去吧. * Stuart was ill so I went instead. 斯图尔特病了, 所以换了我去.
instead of 
prep as an alternative or replacement to (sb/sth) 作为（某人[某事物]）的替换: Let's play cards instead of watching television. 咱们玩纸牌吧, 别看电视了. * We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. 我们有时候吃大米, 不吃土豆. * Instead of Graham, it was Peter who moved in. 搬进来的不是格雷厄姆, 而是彼得.
instead
/ In5sted; In`stZd/ adv as an alternative or replacement 代替; 更换: We've no coffee. Would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了. 改喝茶好麽? * It will take days by car, so let's fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢, 咱们还是坐飞机去吧. * Stuart was ill so I went instead. 斯图尔特病了, 所以换了我去.
instep
/ 5Instep; `In9stZp/ n (a) upper surface of the human foot between the toes and the ankle 脚背. =>illus at foot 见 foot 插图. (b) part of a shoe, etc covering this （鞋等的）覆盖脚背的部分; 鞋面. =>illus at shoe 见 shoe 插图.
instigate
/ 5InstIgeIt; `InstE9^et/ v [Tn] cause (sth) to begin or happen; initiate 使（某事物）开始或发生; 鼓动; 唆使; 煽动; 怂恿: instigate a strike, strike action, etc 煽动罢工、 罢工行动等 * The minister has instigated a full official inquiry into the incident. 部长已开始正式全面调查这一事件.
instigation
/ 9InstI5geIFn; 9InstE`^eFEn/ n [U] instigating or being instigated 发起; 鼓动; 唆使; 煽动; 怂恿: At his instigation we concealed the facts from the authorities, ie He encouraged us to do so. 我们受他的怂恿向当局隐瞒了事实.
instigator
/ 5InstIgeItE(r); `InstE^e9tL/ n person who instigates (esp sth bad) 发起者; （尤指）教唆者, 煽动者, 挑动者: the instigators of violence in our society 在我们社会中那些鼓吹使用暴力的人.
instil (US instill)
/ In5stIl; In`stIl/ v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sb) cause sb gradually to acquire (a particular desirable quality) 逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质）; 逐步灌输: instilling a sense of responsibility (in/into one's children) 逐步培养（孩子的）责任感. 
instillation
/ 9InstI5leIFn; 9InstI`leFEn/ n [U].
instinct
/ 5InstINkt; `InstINkt/ n ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) [U, C]  1 natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way without reasoning or training 本能: Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鸟会飞是出自本能. * Birds have the instinct to learn to fly. 鸟有飞的本能.  2 natural feeling that makes one choose to act in a particular way 直觉: When I saw the flames I acted on instinct and threw a blanket over them. 我看见火焰时便凭直觉把一张毯子扑在火焰上. * My first instinct was to refuse, but later I reconsidered. 最初我凭直觉加以拒绝, 但後来又重新考虑了. * have an instinct for survival 有求生的直觉 * Trust your instincts and marry him! 要相信你的直觉, 就嫁给他吧! * I'm afraid I gave way to my worst instincts and hit him. 真遗憾, 我一时任性打了他. * The sight of the helpless little boy aroused her maternal instinct(s). 她看见那孤苦无助的小男孩激发了她的母性. * (ironic 反语) have an instinct for doing or saying the wrong thing 有做错事或说错话的本领 * (fig 比喻) I'm afraid he lacks the killer instinct, ie ability to be ruthless. 我看他不够心狠手辣.
instinctive
/ In5stINktIv; In`stINktIv/ adj based on instinct; not coming from training or based on reasoning 凭本能的; 天生的; 直觉的: an instinctive fear of fire 天生怕火 * an instinctive dislike of sb 对某人出自直觉的讨厌 * an instinctive reaction 本能的反应. instinctivelyadv: I instinctively raised my arm to protect my face. 我本能地抬起手臂护著脸.
institute
/ 5InstItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `InstE9tut/ n (building that contains a) society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose 会; 社; 学会; 协会; 会址; 会所; 社址: the Working Men's institute 工人会馆 * the Institute of Chartered Surveyors 特许土地测量师学会.
institute
/ 5InstItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `InstE9tut/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] establish or start (an inquiry, a custom, a rule, etc) 建立, 设立, 制定（习俗、 规则等）; 开始, 著手（调查等）: institute legal proceedings against sb 起诉某人 * Police have instituted inquiries into the matter. 警方已就此事展开调查.  2 [Tn] place (sb, esp a clergyman) officially in a new post with a formal ceremony 以正式仪式授予（某人, 尤指牧师）新职位.
instruction
/ In5strQkFn; In`strQkFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (in sth) process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given （对知识的）教授, 传授; （传授的）知识; 教导: In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中, 学生能学到基础工程学的知识.  2 [C] ~ (to do sth/that...) (a) order or direction given 命令; 指令; 指示: leave, give detailed instructions 留下、 给予详细指令 * understand, carry out an instruction 理解、 执行命令. (b) (computing 计) word, code, etc that, when input into a computer, makes it perform a particular operation （输入计算机的）指令.  3 instructions [pl] ~ (to do sth/that...) statements telling sb what he should or must do 用法说明; 操作指南; 吩咐; 命令: follow the instructions on a tin of paint, in a car repair manual, etc 依照颜料桶上的用法说明、 按照汽车维修手册的操作指示 * My instructions are that I am not to let anyone in, ie I have been ordered not to. 我得到吩咐不让任何人入内. * instructions to a lawyer 给律师的指示.
instructional
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj giving instruction; educational 教学的; 有教育内容的: instructional films 教学影片.
instructive
/ In5strQktIv; In`strQktIv/ adj (approv 褒) giving much useful information 提供丰富知识的; 有益的: instructive books 有教育意义的书 * The minister's visit to the prison was not instructive. 这个牧师这次探监没有什麽有益的贡献. 
instructively 
adv.
instrument
/ 5InstrUmEnt; `InstrEmEnt/ n  1 implement or apparatus used in performing an action, esp for delicate or scientific work 器具; 器械; 仪器: a surgicalinstrument, eg a scalpel 外科器械（如手术刀） * an opticalinstrument, eg a microscope 光学仪器（如显微镜） * instruments of torture 刑具.  2 apparatus for producing musical sounds, eg a piano, violin, flute or drum 乐器（如钢琴、 小提琴、 笛或鼓）: learning to play an instrument 学习演奏乐器 * the instruments of the orchestra 演奏管弦乐的乐器.  3 measuring device giving information about the operation of an engine, etc or in navigation （发动机等或航海、 航空中用的）测量仪器, 仪表: a ship's instruments 船用测量仪器 * [attrib 作定语] an instrument panel 仪表盘. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.  4 (a) ~ of sb/sth person used and controlled by another person, organization, etc, often without being aware of it 受人利用或控制的人（常为不自觉的）: We humans are merely the instruments of fate. 我们人类只不过是天命的工具. (b) ~ of sth person or thing that brings sth about 促成某事的人或物: The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 他创建起来的组织到头来却成为促使他倒台的根本原因了.  5 ~ (of sth) formal (esp legal) document 正式的（尤指合法的）文件、 文书: The king signed the instrument of abdication. 国王签署了逊位的文告.
instrumentation
/ 9InstrUmen5teIFn; 9InstrEmZn`teFEn/ n [U]  1 arrangement of music for instruments 为器乐的 编曲: The instrumentation is particularly fine. 这首器乐曲编得特别细致.  2 instruments (instrument 3) 测量仪器; 仪表: monitoring the spacecraft's instrumentation 监控宇航器的检测仪表.
instrumental
/ 9InstrU5mentl; 9InstrE`mZntl/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ in doing sth being the means of bringing sth about 作为促成某事物之手段; 有帮助; 起作用: Our artistic director was instrumental in persuading the orchestra to come and play for us. 我们的艺术指导大费唇舌请来管弦乐队为我们演出.  2 of or for musical instruments 乐器的; 为器乐用的: instrumental music 器乐曲.
instrumentalist
/ -tElIst; -tlIst/ n player of a musical instrument 乐器演奏者. Cf 参看 vocalist (vocal).
instrumentality
/ 9InstrUmen5tAlEtI; 9InstrEmZn`tAlEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) condition of being instrumental(1); means 手段; 工具: by the instrumentality of sb, ie by means of sb 借助於某人.
insubordinate
/ 9InsE5bR:dInEt; 9InsE`bRrdnEt/ adj disobedient; rebellious 不服从的; 反抗的; 犯上的.
insubordination
/ 9InsE9bR:dI5neIFn; 9InsE9bRrdn`eFEn/ n (a) [U] being insubordinate 不服从; 违抗; 犯上: gross/rank insubordination 不折不扣的忤逆行为. (b) [C] instance of this 不服从; 违抗; 犯上.
insubstantial
/ 9InsEb5stAnFl; 9InsEb`stAnFEl/ adj  1 not solid or real; imaginary 非实体的; 非实质的; 非实在的; 非真实的; 幻想的: an insubstantial vision, figure, creature 虚幻的景象、 人物、 生物.  2 not firmly or solidly made; weak （做得）不坚固的, 不坚实的, 薄弱的: Early aircraft were insubstantial constructions of wood and glue. 早期的飞行器是木头和胶粘合的脆弱机器. * (fig 比喻) an insubstantial argument, accusation, claim, etc 无真凭实据的争论、 指控、 索赔要求等.
insufferable
/ In5sQfrEbl; In`sQfrEbl/ adj  1 too extreme to be tolerated; unbearable 过於偏激而不能容忍的; 难以忍受的: insufferable insolence 令人不堪忍受的侮慢.  2 (of a person) extremely annoying and unpleasant, esp because of conceit （指人）令人嫌憎的, 令人厌恶的（尤指因自负）: He really is insufferable! 他真可恶! 
insufferably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
insufficient
/ 9InsE5fIFnt; 9InsE`fIFEnt/ adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) not sufficient 不充足的; 不充分的; 不足的; 不够的: The case was dismissed because of insufficient evidence. 该案因证据不足而撤销. 
insufficiency
/-FnsI; -FEnsI/ n [U]. 
insufficiently 
adv.
insular
/ 5InsjUlE(r); ?@ -sElEr; `InsElL/ adj  1 of an island 岛的; 岛上的: an insular climate, way of life 海岛的气候、 生活方式.  2 (derog 贬) narrow-minded and avoiding contact with others 偏狭的; 不愿与他人接触的: an insular attitude 偏狭的态度 * insular habits and prejudices 狭隘的习性和偏见.
insularity
/ 9InsjU5lArEtI; ?@ -sE5l-; 9InsE`lArEtI/ n [U] state of being insular(2) 偏狭性.
insulate
/ 5InsjUleIt; ?@ -sEl-; `InsE9let/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from/against sth) (with sth) protect (sth) by covering it with a material that prevents sth (esp heat, electricity or sound) from passing through 使（某事物）隔离或绝缘（尤指对热量、 电流或声音）: material which insulates well 绝缘性能良好的材料 * insulate pipes from loss of heat with foam rubber 用泡沫橡胶封裹管道以防热量损失.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth from/against sth (fig 比喻) protect sb/sth from the unpleasant effects of sth 使某人[某物]与不良影响隔绝: children carefully insulated from harmful experiences 受到细心保护免受不良影响的孩子们 * Index-linked pay rises insulated them against inflationary price increases. 与生活指数挂钩的工资增长使他们免受通货膨胀带来的损失.
insulated 
adj protected in this way （受到）绝缘的, 隔热的, 隔音的: an insulated wire, ie to avoid an electric shock 绝缘电线 * a well-insulated house, ie to avoid loss of heat 隔热性能良好的房子.
insulating 
adj giving this kind of protection （提供）绝缘的, 隔热的, 隔音的: insulating materials 绝缘材料.
insulation
/ 9InsjU5leIFn; ?@ -sE5l-; 9InsE`leFEn/ n [U] (a) insulating or (state of) being insulated 隔离; 隔绝; 绝缘; 隔热; 隔音: Foam rubber provides good insulation. 泡沫橡胶隔绝性能良好. (b) materials used for this 绝缘、 隔热或隔音等的材料: pack the wall cavity with insulation 用隔热材料填充壁腔.
insulator
/ 5InsjUleItE(r); ?@ -sEl-; `InsE9letL/ n substanceor device for insulating, esp a porcelain support for bare electric wires and cables 绝缘、 隔热或隔音等的物质或装置; （尤指）绝缘子.
insulating tape 
tape used for covering joins in electrical wires, preventing the possibility of an electrical shock 绝缘胶带; 电线胶布.
insulin
/ 5InsjUlIn; ?@ -sEl-; `InsElIn/ n [U] substance (a hormone) produced in the pancreas, controlling the absorption of sugar by the body 胰岛素: [attrib 作定语] People suffering from diabetes have to have insulin injections, because they cannot produce their own. 患糖尿病的人需注射胰岛素, 因为病人本身不能分泌胰岛素.
insult
/ In5sQlt; In`sQlt/ v [Tn] speak or act in a way that hurts or is intended to hurt the feelings or dignity of (sb); be extremely rude to (sb) 侮辱; 辱骂; 侮慢: I felt most insulted when they made me sit at a little table at the back. 他们让我坐到尽里头的一张小桌旁, 我觉得受到极大侮辱.
insult
/ 5InsQlt; `InsQlt/ n  1 ~ (to sb/sth) remark or action that insults 侮辱; 辱骂; 侮慢: She hurled insults at the unfortunate waiter. 她大骂那个倒霉的服务员. * Don't take it as an insult if I go to sleep during your speech; I'm very tired. 要是你讲著话时我睡著了, 可别以为是不敬, 我太累了.  2 (idm 习语) add insult to injury => add. a calculated insult => calculate. an insult to sb's in`telligence task, explanation, etc that is too easy, foolish, etc to be worthy of sb's attention 对某人智慧的侮辱（指任务、 解释等容易得不值某人一顾）.
insulting 
adj uttering or being an insult 出言不逊的; 侮辱的; 无礼的: He was most insulting to my wife. 他对我的妻子非常粗野无礼. * insulting remarks, behaviour 侮辱性的言语、 行为.
insuperable
/ In5su:pErEbl or, in British use, 英式英语读作 -5sju:-; In`supErEbl/ adj (fml 文) (of difficulties) that cannot be overcome （指困难）不能克服的: insuperablebarriers, obstacles, etc 不可逾越的障碍、 阻碍等. Cf 参看 insurmountable. 
insuperably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
insupportable
/ 9InsE5pR:tEbl; 9InsE`pRrtEbl/ adj (fml 文) unbearable; too bad to be endured 不能忍受的; 难以容忍的: insupportable behaviour, rudeness, etc 不能容忍的行为、 粗暴等.
insurance
/ In5FR:rEns; ?@ -5FUEr-; In`FJrEns/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (against sth) (contract made by a company or society, or by the state, to provide a) guarantee of compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death, etc in return for regular payment 保险（契约）: People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. 未投保者需自付修理费. * an insurance against theft, fire, etc 盗窃保险、 火险 * household, personal, etc insurance 家庭、 人身保险等 * [attrib 作定语] an insurance company, ie one that provides this 保险公司 * an insurance salesman 保险公司推销员.  2 [U] business of providing such contracts 保险业: Her husband works in insurance. 她丈夫在保险业工作.  3 [U] payment made by or to such a company, etc 保险费: When her husband died, she received 50000 in insurance. 她丈夫去世後, 她得到50000英镑的保险金.  4 [C, U] ~ (against sth) (fig 比喻) any measure taken as a safeguard against loss, failure, etc 保险措施; （预防损失、 失败等的）安全保障: He's applying for two other jobs as an insurance against not passing the interview for this one. 他还申请了另外两份工作, 以防这份工作面试不合格.
insurance broker 
person whose business is providing insurance 保险经纪人.
insurance policy 
contract between the company insuring and the insured person 保险单: (fig 比喻) They regard nuclear weapons as an insurance policy against conventional attack. 他们认为有核武器是防止遭常规武器进攻的保障.
insurance premium 
one of the regular sums paid in order to be insured （定期交付的）保险费.
insure
/ In5FR:(r); ?@ In5FUEr; In`FJr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sth) make a contract that promises to pay sb an amount of money in case of accident, injury, death, etc, or damage to or loss of sth 保险; 投保: insure oneself/one's life for 50000 为自己投50000英镑的人寿保险 * insure one's house against fire 为自己的房子保火险.  2 (esp US) = ensure.
the insured 
n [sing or pl v] person or people to whom payment will be made in the case of loss, etc 被保险人; 保户; 投保人.
insurer
/ In5FR:rE(r); ?@ In5FUErEr; In`FJrL/ n person or company undertaking to make payment in case of loss, etc 承保人; 保险公司.
insurgent
/ In5s\:dVEnt; In`s[dVEnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in revolt; rebellious 起义的; 叛乱的; 造反的: insurgent troops 叛军 * an insurgent mob 暴民.
insurgent 
n rebel soldier 叛乱士兵: an attack by armed insurgents 武装叛乱士兵发起的攻击.
insurmountable
/ 9InsE5maUntEbl; 9InsL`maJntEbl/ adj (fml 文) (of obstacles, difficulties, etc) that cannot be overcome （指障碍、 困难等）无法超越的, 不能克服的: The problems are not insurmountable. 问题不是无法解决的. Cf 参看 insuperable.
insurrection
/ 9InsE5rekFn; 9InsE`rZkFEn/ n  1 [U] sudden,usu violent, action taken by (part of) the population to try to remove the government 起义; 暴动; 叛乱; 造反.  2 [C] instance of this; revolt 起义; 暴动; 叛乱; 造反.
insurrectionist
/ -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ adj of or taking part in an insurrection 起义的; 暴动的; 参加叛乱的.
int
abbr 缩写 =  1 interior; internal. Cf 参看 ext 1.  2 international.
intact
/ In5tAkt; In`tAkt/ adj undamaged; complete 无损伤的; 完整的: a box recovered from an accident with its contents intact 从事故中抢救出来的箱子, 里面的东西完好无损 * He can scarcely survive this scandal with his reputation intact. 他经此丑闻名誉很难不受损.
intaglio
/ In5tB:lIEU; In`tBlIo/ n (pl ~s / -z; -z/)  1 [U] (process or technique of) carving deeply into stone or metal 凹雕; 凹刻; 凹雕术.  2 [C] (gem with a) figure or design made by cutting into the surface 凹纹图形; 刻有凹纹图形的宝石.
intake
/ 5InteIk; `In9tek/ n  1 (a) [U] process of taking liquid, gas, etc into a machine, etc 吸入, 纳入（液体、 气体等）. (b) [C] place where liquid, etc enters （液体等的）进入口: the fuel intake 燃油进入口 * [attrib 作定语] an intake pipe 吸入管.  2 (a) [C, U] quantity, number, etc of people entering or taken in (during a particular period) （一定时期内）进入或纳入的人数: an annual intake of 100000 men for military service 每年徵召100000人入伍服役 * Intake in state primary schools is down by 10%. 公立小学入学人数下降了10%. (b) [CGp] such people 新进入或纳入的人: This year's intake seems/seem to be quite bright. 今年新招入的人看来十分聪明.
intangible
/ In5tAndVEbl; In`tAndVEbl/ adj  1 that cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped; indefinable 难以捉摸的; 难以理解的; 无法确定的: The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it. 那座古老建筑物周围笼罩著说不出的凄凉气氛.  2 (commerce 商) (of a business asset) that has no physical existence （指企业资产）无形的: the intangible value of a good reputation 良好商誉的无形价值. 
intangibility
/ In9tndVE5bIlEtI; In9tAndVE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
intangibly 
adv.
integer
/ 5IntIdVE(r); `IntEdVL/ n (mathematics 数) wholenumber (contrasted with a fraction) 整数（fraction之对）: 1, 2 and 3 are integers; 1/3 is not an integer. 1、 2、 3是整数, 1/3 不是整数.
integral
/ 5IntIgrEl; `IntE^rEl/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) necessary for completeness 构成整体所必需的: The arms and legs are integral parts of the human body; they are integral to the human body. 手臂和腿是人体的组成部分, 是构成完整的人体必不可少的.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or containing all parts that are necessary for completeness; whole 具备构成整体所必需的所有部分的; 完整的: an integral design 完整的设计.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] included as part of the whole, rather than supplied from outside 作为整体的一部分的（并非来自外部的）: a machine with an integral power source 有内置电源的机器.  4 (mathematics 数) of or being an integer; made up of integers 整数的; 由整数组成的; 积分的. 
integrally
/ -grElI; -^rElI/ adv.
integral calculus 
(mathematics 数) branch of calculus concerned with finding out the sum total of a lot of extremely small numbers, and with applying this knowledge to calculating areas, volumes, etc 积分学. Cf 参看 differential calculus (differential).
integrate
/ 5IntIgreIt; `IntE9^ret/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth else （将某事物与另一事物结合）构成整体: integrating private schools into the state education system 将私立学校纳入国家教育体系 * The buildings are well integrated with the landscape/The buildings and the landscape are well integrated. 这些建筑物和周围的自然景物相融合, 浑然一体.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (into sth/with sth) (cause sb to) become fully a member of a community, rather than remaining in a separate (esp racial) group （使某人）与社区融合（尤指种族间）: foreign immigrants who don't integrate well 未能完全融入当地社会的外国移民 * integrating black people into a largely white community 使黑人融合进以白人为主的社区. Cf 参看 segregate.
integrated
/ -tId; -tId/ adj with various parts fitting well together 各部分配合好的; 综合的; 完整的: an integrated transport scheme, eg including buses, trains, taxis, etc 综合联运计画（如公共汽车、 火车、 计程车等） * an integrated personality, ie sb who is psychologically stable 统合性格（即其人心理状态稳定）.
integration
/ 9IntI5greIFn; 9IntE`^reFEn/ n [U] ~ (into sth) integrating or being integrated 结合; 综合; 融合: the integration of black children into the school system inthe Southern States of America 美国南方各州准许黑人儿童进入白人学校之事. Cf 参看 segregation (segregate).
integrated circuit 
very small electronic circuit(2b) made of a single small piece of semiconductor material (eg a silicon chip), designed to replace a conventional electric circuit of many parts 集成电路.
integrity
/ In5tegrEtI; In`tZ^rEtI/ n [U]  1 quality of being honest and morally upright 诚实而正直: He's a man of integrity; he won't break his promise. 他为人诚实正直, 决不食言. * personal, commercial, intellectual, etc integrity 为人的、 商业上的、 做学问的...诚实正直.  2 condition of being whole or undivided 完整; 整体: respect, preserve, threaten, etc a nation's territorial integrity 尊重、 保持、 威胁...国家领土的完整.
integument
/ In5tegjUmEnt; In`tZ^jEmEnt/ n (fml 文) (usu natural) outer covering, eg a skin, husk, rind or shell （通常指天然的）覆盖物, 外皮（如皮肤、 果壳、 果皮或甲壳）.
intellect
/ 5IntElekt; `Intl9Zkt/ n  1 [U] power of the mind to reason and acquire knowledge (contrasted with feeling and instinct) 智力, 思维能力, 领悟力, 理解力（与感情及本能相对）: a man of (great) intellect （极）具聪明才智的人 * Intellect distinguishes humans from other animals. 人类与禽兽之别在於人具有思维能力.  2 [C] person of high intelligence and reasoning power 有高智慧和推理能力的人: He was one of the most formidable intellects of his time. 他是该时代的盖世奇才.
intellectual
/ 9IntI5lektFUEl; 9Intl`ZktFJEl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the intellect 智力的; 理智的: the intellectual faculties 智能.  2 of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sake) rather than practical matters 思维的, 善思考的, 能运用聪明才智的（如艺术、 思想等方面, 并非指实际事情）: intellectual people 善思考的人 * intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好、 研究等.
intellectual 
n intellectual person 知识分子; 脑力劳动者: a play, book, etc for intellectuals 以知识分子为对象的剧、 书等.
intellecttually 
adv.
intelligence
/ In5telIdVEns; In`tZlEdVEns/ n  1 [U] power of learning, understanding and reasoning; mental ability 学习、 理解和推理的能力; 智力; 脑力: a person of high, great, average, little, low intelligence 智力高的、 有智慧的、 智力中等的、 无头脑的、 智能低下的人 * When the water pipe burst, she had the intelligence to turn off the water at the main. 水管裂开时, 她很有头脑, 连忙把总水门关上了.  2 (a) [U] information, esp of military value 情报, 信息（尤指有军事价值的）: an intelligence-gathering satellite 搜集情报的卫星 * [attrib 作定语] the government's Secret Intelligence Service, ie organization that gathers such information, esp by spying 政府的秘密情报部门. (b) [Gp] people engaged in gathering such information 情报人员: Intelligence has/have reported that the enemy is planning a new attack. 情报人员报告说敌军正在策画发动新攻势.
intelligent
/ -dVEnt; -dVEnt/ adj having or showing intelligence 聪明的; 有才智的; 有头脑的: an intelligent child 聪明的孩子 * an intelligent expression on sb's face 某人脸上聪慧的神情 * intelligent questions, answers, remarks, etc 巧妙的问题、 回答、 言语等 * take an intelligent interest in sth 对某事物产生琢磨的兴趣. 
intelligently 
adv.
intelligence test 
test to measure sb's mental ability 智力测验. Cf 参看 aptitude test (aptitude).
intelligentsia
/ In9telI5dVentsIE; In9tZlE`dVZntsIE/ n the intelligentsia [Gp] (usu approv or derog 通常作褒义或作贬义) those people within a community who areof high intelligence and concern themselves with mattersof culture, learning, etc; intellectuals as a class 知识界; 知识阶层.
intelligible
/ In5telIdVEbl; In`tZlIdVEbl/ adj that can be (easily) understood 可（易）理解的: intelligible speech 明白易懂的讲话 * a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible 难以理解的胡涂解释.
intelligibility
/ In9telIdVE5bIlEtI; In9tZlIdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U] quality of being intelligible 可理解性.
intelligibly 
adv.
intemperate
/ In5tempErEt; In`tZmpErEt/ adj (fml 文) showing lack of self-control 无节制的; 放纵的: intemperatehabits, ie esp excessive drinking of alcohol 无节制的习惯（尤指纵酒） * His intemperate (ie thoughtlessly angry or rude) remarks got him into trouble. 他言语肆无忌惮, 惹出了是非. 
intemperance
/ -pErEns; -pErEns/ n [U]. 
intemperately 
adv.
intend
/ In5tend; In`tZnd/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Cn.n/a, Dn.n] ~ sth (as sth) have (a particular purpose or plan) in mind; mean 打算; 意欲; 想要: I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I intended (it should). 我本想随便商量一下, 结果事与愿违. * It's not what I intended (it to be). 那并不是我的本意. * I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了. * I intended to do it, but I'm afraid I forgot. 我本有意去做, 但很遗憾, 我忘记了. * I don't intend to listen to this rubbish any longer! 我再也不想听这种无稽之谈了! * I intended it as a joke. 我不过说笑罢了. * He intends you no harm, ie does not plan to harm you. 他对你并无恶意. (b) [Tf, Tnt] have (sth) as a fixed plan or purpose for sb else 为某人定下计画或目标: I intend that you shall take over the business. 我有意让你接管公司. * I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管. * You weren't intended (ie supposed) to hear that remark. 你按说不应该听那些话.  2 [Dn.pr] ~ sth for sb plan that sb should receive or be affected by sth 为某人准备某事物; 要使某人受某事物的影响: I think the bomb was intended for (ie planned to harm) me. 我认为那颗炸弹是要炸我的.  3 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth plan that sth should be or become sth 打算使某事物成为另一事物: Was that remark intended as (ie supposed to be) a joke? 那句话是不是当作笑话说的?  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth plan that sth should have the specified meaning 欲使某事物具有某意义; 意指; 意谓: What did he intend by that remark? 他说那话是什麽意思?
intended
/ -dId; -dId/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] planned; meant; desired 计画的; 打算的; 意欲的: the intended meaning, result, effect, purpose 原来的意思、 想要的结果、 预期的效果、 原有的目的.  2 ~ for sb/sth [pred 作表语] planned or designed for sb/sth 为（某人[某事物]）计画或设计: a book, course, programme, etc intended for children, adults, beginners, etc 为儿童、 成人、 初学者等而写的书、 开设的课程、 编排的节目等 * water (not) intended for drinking （非）饮用水.
intense
/ In5tens; In`tZns/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (of sensations) very great or severe; extreme （指感觉）强烈的, 剧烈的, 极度的: intense heat, pain, etc 酷热、 剧痛.  2 (of emotions, etc) very strong （指感情等）强烈的, 热烈的: intense interest, anger, jealousy, convictions, etc 浓厚的兴趣、 盛怒、 极端的忌妒、 强烈的信念.  3 (of people) highly emotional （指人）热情的, 易动感情的.
intensely 
adv.
intensify
/ -sIfaI; -sE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become more intense or intensive （使某事物）变得更强烈、 剧烈或尖锐; 加剧: Her anger intensified. 她更加生气了. * The terrorists have intensified their bombing campaign. 恐怖分子增加了炸弹爆炸活动. 
intensification
/ In9tensIfI5keIFn; In9tZnsEfE`keFEn/ n [U]. 
intensifier
/ In5tensIfaIE(r); In`tZnsE9faIL/ n (grammar) word (esp an adj or adv, eg so, such, very) that strengthens the meaning of another word 强调成分（尤指形容词或副词, 如so、 such、 very, 起加强另一词词义的作用）.
intensity
/ -sEtI; -sEtI/ n [U]  1 state or quality of being intense 强烈; 剧烈; 紧张: work with greater intensity 更加紧张地工作.  2 strength of emotion （感情的）强烈程度, 深刻程度: I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue. 我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋.
intensive
/ In5tensIv; In`tZnsIv/ adj  1 (a) concentrating all one's effort on a specific area 集中的; 密集的: intensive bombardment of a town 密集轰击某城镇 * intensive farming, ie aimed at producing large quantities of food by concentrating labour and care in small areas 集约耕作（旨在小块土地上集中劳力精耕细作以获高产的方法）. (b) involving hard work concentrated into a limited amount of time 在有限时间内紧张工作的: They teach you English in an intensive course lasting just a week; it's quite an intensive few days! 他们用一周时间教速成英语课程, 那几天可真紧张!  2 extremely thorough 彻底的: An intensive search failed to reveal any clues. 经过彻底搜查未发现任何线索.  3 (grammar) giving force and emphasis 加强语气的: In `It's a bloody miracle!', `bloody' is used as an intensive word. 在`It's a bloody miracle!'一句中, `bloody'是用作加强语气的词.
intensive 
n (grammar) intensive word; intensifier 增强语气的词; 强调成分.
-intensive 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) using or requiring a lot of the stated thing 集约的; 密集的: a capital-intensive/labour-intensive industry.
intensively 
adv.
intensive care 
(part of a hospital giving) constant attention in the treatment of seriously ill patients （医院中对重病人的）特别护理（病房）: The accident victims are in/have been taken into intensive care. 事故受害者在特别护理中[已送进特别护理病房].
intent
/ In5tent; In`tZnt/ adj  1 (of looks, attention, etc) full of eager interest and concentration （指神情、 注意力等）专心的, 渴望的, 热切的: watch with an intent gaze, look, expression, etc 以专心致志的目光、 样子、 神情等看著.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth/doing sth (a) having the stated firm intention 热中; 坚决: He's intent on getting promotion, and no one's going to stop him! 他一心一意想得到晋升, 谁也劝阻不了他. (b) occupied in doing sth with great concentration 专心; 专注: I was so intent (up)on my work that I didn't notice the time. 我专心工作, 没有留意时间. 
intently 
adv: I listened intently to what she had to say. 我聚精会神地听她说话. 
intentness 
n [U].
intent
/ In5tent; In`tZnt/ n  1 [U] ~ (to do sth) (esp law 尤用於法律) intention; purpose 意图; 意向; 目的: act with criminal intent 带犯罪意图行事 * fire a weapon with intent to kill 蓄意开枪杀人 * arrest sb for loitering with intent, ie for apparently intending to commit a crime 因某人闲荡有犯罪意图而予扣留.  2 (idm 习语) to all intents (and purposes) in all important respects; virtually 在一切重要方面; 实际上: Although there was still a faint heartbeat, he was to all intents and purposes dead. 他虽然仍有隐隐心搏, 但从身体各方面看已经死亡.
intention
/ In5tenFn; In`tZnFEn/ n  1 (a) [C, U] ~ (of doing sth/that...) that which one proposes or plans to do 意图; 意向; 目的; 打算: What are your intentions? ie What do you plan to do? 你有什麽打算? * She's keeping her intentions to herself, ie not telling anyone what she plans to do. 她对自己的意图秘而不宣. * I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave. 我来时一心想留下, 但现在我已决定离开. * My intention was to stay. 我原意要留下. * I have no intention of coming (ie I shall certainly not come) to this terrible place again! 我再也不想到这个糟糕的地方 来了. * (dated 旧) Peter asked the young man if his intentions were honourable, ie if he intended to marry his daughter, whom he was courting. 彼得问那年轻人是否真心实意要娶他的女儿. (b) [U] (fml 文) intending 有意; 蓄意: I'm sorry I offended you; it wasn't my intention. 对不起, 我冒犯您了, 但决不是有意的.  2 [C] purpose or aim; meaning 意图; 目的; 意思: What do you think was the author's intention in this passage? 你认为作者写这一段的用意是什麽?  3 (idm 习语) the road to hell is paved with good intentions => road. with the best of intentions => best3.
-intentioned 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified intentions 有某种意图的: ill-intentioned * well-intentioned.
intentional
/ In5tenFEnl; In`tZnFEnl/ adj done on purpose; not accidental; intended 存心的; 故意的; 蓄意的: If I hurt your feelings, it was not intentional. 我若伤了你的感情, 那并不是有意的. * an intentional foul in football 足球赛中的故意犯规.
intentionally
/ -FEnElI; -FnElI/ adv deliberately 故意地; 蓄意地; 存心地: I would never intentionally hurt your feelings. 我决不会有意伤害你的感情.
inter
/ In5t\:(r); In`t[/ v (-rr-) [Tn] (fml 文) put (a corpse) in a grave or tomb; bury 埋葬（尸体）. Cf 参看 interment.
inter-
pref 前缀 (with vs, ns and adjs 与动词、 名词、 形容词结合)  1 between; from one to another 在...之间; 在...之内; 由此至彼: interleave * interface * international.2 together; mutually 共同; 互相; 彼此: interconnect * interlink.
inter alia
/ 9IntEr 5eIlIE; 9IntL`elIE/ (Latin 拉) among other things 除了其他事物之外.
inter-city
/ 9IntE5sItI; 9IntL`sItI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of fast transport) operating between cities, esp without making stops on the way （指高速运输）市际间的, （尤指）直达的: an inter-city train, coach, etc 市际直通火车、 长途汽车等 * an inter-city air shuttle 市际班机.
inter-city 
n (a) [U] such a service 市际交通服务: travel by inter-city 乘坐市际交通工具. (b) [C] (infml 口) such a train, coach, etc 往返市际间的火车、 长途汽车等: catch the inter-city 赶乘市际火车.
interact
/ 9IntEr5Akt; 9IntL`Akt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用; 相互影响: chemicals that interact to form a new compound 相互作用形成新化合物的化学物质 * ideas that interact 相互影响的想法.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (of people) act together or co-operatively, esp so as to communicate with each other （指人）一起活动或互相合作（尤指为互相联系）: a sociologist studying the complex way in which people interact (with each other) at parties 研究人们在聚会中互相交往的复杂方式的社会学家.
interaction
/ -5AkFn; -`AkFEn/ n (a) [U] ~ (among/between sb/sth); ~ (with sb/sth) interacting; co-operation 一起活动; 合作; 配合: Increased interactionbetween different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 加强警察队伍之间的相互配合可改善处理罪案的效率. (b) [C] instance of this 一起活动; 合作; 配合.
interactive
/ -5AktIv; -`AktIv/ adj  1 ~ (with sb/sth) (of two or more people or things) interacting （指至少两个人或物）一起活动或互相合作的: The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups. 这种心理治疗是在一起活动的小组之间进行的.  2 (computing 计) allowing a continuous two-way transfer of information between a computer and the person using it 交互式的; 人机对话的.
interbreed
/ 9IntE5bri:d; 9IntL`brid/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause individuals of different species to) breed together, so producing a hybrid （使）杂交繁殖, 生育杂种: These two types of dog can interbreed/be interbred (with each other). 这两种类型的狗可以杂交繁殖.
intercede
/ 9IntE5si:d; 9IntL`sid/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for/on behalf of sb) plead (with sb) to be merciful (to sb) （为他人）（向某人）求情: We have interceded with the authorities on behalf of people unfairly imprisoned there, ie asked them to release the prisoners. 我们代表含冤系狱的人向当局求情（予以释放）.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) act as an intermediary (between two people, groups, countries that cannot agree), trying to help them settle their differences （在两人、 两集团、 两国之间）调解, 调停, 斡旋.
intercession
/ 9IntE5seFn; 9IntL`sZFEn/ n (a) [U] interceding 求情; 调解; 调停; 斡旋. (b) [C] plea on behalf of sb 代某人求情.
intercept
/ 9IntE5sept; 9IntL`sZpt/ v [Tn] stop or catch (sb travelling or sth in motion) before he or it can reach a destination 中途阻止或拦截（某人[某物]）: Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance. 他想从後门溜走, 记者把他截住了. * Effective defence is a matter of intercepting their missiles before they can reach us. 有效的防卫是不待对方导弹击中我们而先行将其拦截. * The police had been intercepting my mail, ie reading it before it was delivered. 警方一直截查我的邮件.
interception
/ 9IntE5sepFn; 9IntL`sZpFEn/ n (a) [U] intercepting 中途阻止或拦截. (b) [C] instance of this 中途阻止或拦截.
interceptor
/ -tE(r); -tL/ n person or thing that intercepts (esp a fast military plane which attacks incoming bombers) 进行中途阻止或拦截的人或物; （尤指）截击机.
interchange
/ 9IntE5tFeIndV; 9IntL`tFendV/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (of two people, etc) give sth to and receive sth from each other; exchange （指两人等）交换事物, 互换: We interchanged partners; he danced with mine, and I danced with his. 我们交换了舞伴; 他和我的舞伴跳, 我和他的舞伴跳.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth/sb) put each of two things or people in the other's place 使两人或两物相互易位: interchange the front and rear tyres of a car 把汽车的前後轮胎对调 * interchange the front tyres with the rear ones 把前轮胎和後轮胎互相调换.  3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) alternate（使某事物）交替变化: the city's brightly-lit Christmas decorations, with their constantly interchanging colours 市里圣诞节五彩缤纷的装饰, 颜色不断变幻.
interchange
/ 5IntEtFeIndV; `IntL9tFendV/ n  1 (a) [U] interchanging 交换; 互换: a regular interchange of letters 经常通信. (b) [C] instance of this 交换; 互换.  2 [C] junction (eg on a motorway) where vehicles leave or join a road without crossing other lines of traffic 立体交叉道（如高速公路上的）.
interchangeable
/ 9IntE5tFeIndVEbl; 9IntL`tFendVEbl/ adj ~ (with sth) that can be interchanged, esp without affecting the way in which sth works 可交换的, 可互换的, 可交替的（尤指不影响操作的）: a machine withinterchangeable parts 零件可替换的机器 * True synonymsare entirely interchangeable (with one another). 真正的同义词是完全可以（彼此）互换的. 
interchangeably 
adv.
intercollegiate
/ 9IntEkE5li:dVIEt; 9IntLkE`lidVIEt/ adj existing or done between colleges 学院之间的; 大学之间的: intercollegiate games, debates, etc 大学校际运动会、 辩论会等.
intercom
/ 5IntEkCm; `IntL9kBm/ n system of communicationby means of microphones and loudspeakers, as used on an aircraft, in a large building (eg a factory), etc 内部通话系统或设备（用话筒及扩音器在飞行器、 工厂等大建筑物内进行通话的　: make an announcement on/over the intercom 用内部通话设备宣布 * [attrib 作定语] an intercom system 内部通话设备.
intercommunicate
/ 9IntEkE5mju:nIkeIt; 9IntLkE`mjunE9ket/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) communicate with one another; give messages to each other 互通消息; 互相联系: The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other). 缺乏共同语言很难（相互）联系.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (also interconnect) (of two or more rooms, compartments, etc) have a means (eg door or corridor) of passing from one to another （指房间、 隔间等）相通（如经门或过道）: We had intercommunicating rooms. 我们的房间是通间. 
intercommunication
/ 9IntEkE9mu:nI5keIFn;9IntLkE9mjunE`keFEn/ n [U].
intercommunion
n [U] mutual communion, esp between different Churches, eg Catholic and Orthodox 互相交往（尤指教会间, 如天主教与东正教之间的）.
interconnect
/ 9IntEkE5nekt; 9IntLkE`nZkt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth)  1 be connected with each other 互相连接; 互相联系: It's strange how people's lives interconnect. 人们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的, 真是不可思议.  2 = intercommunicate2.
interconnected
/ -tId; -tId/ adj ~ (with sth) that have a connection (with one another); not independent （彼此）有联系的; 相互依存的: I see these two theories as somehow interconnected. 我认为这两种理论在某种程度上是互相关联的.
interconnecting 
adj [attrib 作定语] joining two or more things together 将事物联结在一起的; 互相连接的: an interconnecting corridor 相连接的走廊.
interconnection
/ -5nekFn; -`nZkFEn/ n (a) [U] connecting two or more things together 相互联结. (b) [C] mutual connection between two or more things 相互联系.
intercontinental
/ 9IntE9kCntI5nentl; 9IntL9kBntE`nZntEl/ adj between continents 洲际的; 洲与洲之间的: intercontinental travel 洲际旅行.
intercontinental ballistic missile (abbr 缩写 ICBM) 
missile capable of being fired a very long distance, from one continent to another, and typically having a nuclear warhead 洲际弹道导弹.
intercourse
/ 5IntEkR:s; `IntL9kRrs/ n [U] ~ (with sb); ~ (between sb and sb) (fml 文)  1 = sexual intercourse (sexual).  2 dealings with people, nations, etc （与人、 国家等的）交往, 交际: a shy person who avoids all human intercourse 避免一切人际关系的害羞的人.
interdenominational
/ 9IntEdI9nCmI5neIFEnl; 9IntLdI9nBmE`neFEnl/ adj common to or shared by different religious denominations, eg Methodist, Baptist, Catholic 各不同宗教派别（如循道公会、 浸礼会、 天主教）间所共有的; 超宗派的.
interdepartmental
/ 9IntE9di:pB:t5mentl; 9IntLdi9pBrt`mZntl/ adj of or done by more than one department 各系、 部门等之间的. 
interdepartmentally
/ -tElI;-tlI/ adv.
interdependent
/ 9IntEdI5pendEnt; `IntLdI`pZndEnt/ adj depending on each other 互相依赖的; 互相依存的: Allnations are interdependent in the modern world. 当今世界上所有国家都是互相依存的. 
interdependence
/-Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
interde-pendently 
adv.
interdict
/ 9IntE5dIkt; 9IntL`dIkt/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 (esp law 尤用於法律) prohibit (an action); forbid the use of (sth) 禁止（某行动）; 禁用（某物）.  2 (in the Roman Catholic Church) forbid sb from taking part in church services and receiving Communion （天主教）禁止某人参加礼拜及领圣体.
interdict
/ 5IntEdIkt; `IntL9dIkt/ n (fml 文) (a) (law 律) prohibition from doing sth by an official order of the court （法庭的）强制令, 禁令. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) order forbidding sb from taking part in church services, etc （天主教）不准某人参加礼拜等之禁令, 褫夺教权的禁令.
interdiction
/ 9IntE5dIkFn; 9IntL`dIkFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) interdicting 禁止; 禁用; 禁令; 褫夺教权.
interdisciplinary
/ 9IntE5dIsIplInErI; IntL9dIsE`plInErI/ adj of or covering more than one area of study 各学科间的; 跨学科的: interdisciplinary studies 跨学科研究 * an interdisciplinary course, qualification, degree, etc 多学科课程、 资格、 学位等.
interest
/ 5IntrEst; `IntrEst/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (in sb/sth) state of wanting to learn or know (about sb/sth); curiosity; concern 兴趣; 好奇心; 关心: feel, have, show, express (an) interest in sb or sth 对某人或某事物觉得有、 有、 表现有、 表示有兴趣 * a topic that arouses, provokes, stimulates, etc a lot of interest 能引起、 激起、 唤起...很大兴趣的话题 * Now he's grown up he no longer takes any interest in his stamp collection: he's lost all interest in it. 他已经长大了, 对集邮不再感兴趣了, 完全失去了兴趣了. * do sth (just) for interest/out of interest/for interest's sake, ie (just) to satisfy a desire for knowledge （纯粹）因为有兴趣[从兴趣出发/为了兴趣]而做某事（以满足求知欲）.  2 [U] quality that arouses concern or curiosity; power to hold one's attention 引起关心或好奇心的性质; 趣味; 吸引力: The subject may be full of interest to you, but it holds no interest for me. 这个问题即使你兴味盎然, 我也是兴味索然. * Suspense adds interest to a story. 故事中的悬疑情节更加引人入胜.  3 [C] thing with which one concerns oneself or about which one is enthusiastic 令人感兴趣的事物; 爱好: a person of wide, varied, narrow, limited interests 兴趣广泛、 多样、 狭窄、 有限的人 * Her main interests in life are music, tennis and cooking. 她生活中的主要爱好是音乐、 网球和烹饪.  4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] advantage; benefit 好处; 利益; 福利: look after, protect, safeguard, etc one's own interests, ie make sure that nothing is done to one's disadvantage 照顾、 保护、 保卫...自己的利益 * He has your best interests at heart, ie is acting for your advantage. 他处处为你的利益著想.  5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (in sth) legal right to share in sth (eg a business), esp in its profits （某事物中的）合法权益（如企业中的）（尤指利润）: He has considerable business interests. 他有很多企业股份. * American interests in Europe, eg capital invested in European countries 美国在欧洲的权益（如在欧洲各国的投资） * sell one's interest in a company 把自己在某公司的股份售出.  6 [C] ~ (in sth) personal connection with sth from which one may benefit, esp financially 利害关系（尤指财务上的）: If a Member of Parliament wishes to speak about a company with which he is connected, he must declare his interest. 下院议员若想谈论与其有关的公司的事, 则必须申明他和该公司的利益关系.  7 [U] ~ (on sth) (finance 财) money charged for borrowing money, or paid to sb who invests money 利息: pay interest on a capital sum 付一笔资金的利息 * the rate of interest, ie payment made by the borrower expressed as a percentage of capital 利率 * interest at 10% 利率为10% * [attrib 作定语] the interest rate 利率 * an interest-free loan, ie on which one does not have to pay interest 无息贷款.  8 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (often derog 常作贬义) group of people engaged in the same business, etc or having sth in common （企业等的）同行; 有共同之处的人: landed interests, ie landowners 土地所有者 * Powerful business interests (ie large business firms collectively) are influencing the government's actions. 强有力的企业集团影响著政府采取的措施. * [attrib 作定语] influential interest groups 有影响的有共同利益的各集团.  9 (idm 习语) in sb's interest(s) for or to sb's advantage 为某人的利益; 对某人有好处; 有利於某人: sth that is not in the public interest 不符合公众利益的事 * It would be in your interests to accept. 接受下来对你有利. in the interest(s) of sth for the sake of sth 为某事物的缘故: In the interest(s) of safety, no smoking is allowed. 为了安全, 严禁吸烟. a vested interest => vest2. (repay, return, etc sth) with interest (a) (finance 财) (give back a sum of money) adding a percentage of interest 加息（还款）. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) (respond to an action, good or bad, by doing it to the doer) with added force 加重回报: return a blow, a kindness with interest 重重回击、 加倍报答好意.
interest
/ 5IntrEst; `IntrEst/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (in sth) (a) cause oneself/sb to give one's/his attention (to sth) or to be concerned (about sth) 使自己[某人]注意、 关心或感兴趣: a topic that interests me greatly 使我大感兴趣的题目 * Having lost his job, he'd begun to interest himself in local voluntary work. 他失业後便开始关注地方的志愿工作了. * It may interest you to know that she's since died. 你可能不知道吧, 她後来死了. (b) arouse sb's desire to do, buy, eat, etc sth 引起某人要做、 买、 吃等的欲望: Can I interest you in our latest computer? 我给您介绍一下我们最新的计算机好吗?
interested
/ -tId; -tId/ adj  1 ~ (in sth/sb) showing curiosity or concern (about sb or sth) （对某人或某事物）感兴趣的, 关心的: Are you interested in history? 你喜欢历史吗? * I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasn't interested. 我想把这件事告诉他, 可他简直不感兴趣. * interested listeners 感兴趣的听众 * an interested look 显出好奇的样子 * I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道情况会怎样.  2 ~ (in sth) in a position to obtain an advantage (from sth); not impartial 处於获利益的地位的; 有关系的: As an interested party (ie sb likely to profit), I was not allowed to vote. 因为其中有我的利益, 所以我不得投票.
interesting 
adj holding the attention; arousing curiosity 有趣的; 引起兴趣的: interesting people, books, conversation 有趣的人、 书籍、 谈话. 
interestingly 
adv: She was there but her husband, interestingly, wasn't. 她在那儿, 有趣的是她丈夫却没在那里.
interest
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The adjective interested can mean *interested这一形容词的意思有两个  1 `desiring to learn or know (about something)' ｀（对某事）想知道的＇: I am very interested in local history. 我很想了解本地的历史.  2 `having an involvement (in something)' ｀（与某事）有牵连的＇: The lawyer invited the interested parties to discuss the problem. 律师邀请有关的当事人一起商讨问题. Uninterested relates to sense 1 *uninterested涉及第1义: She seemed completely uninterested in what I had to tell her about my new job. 我想把我新工作的事告诉她, 她好像丝毫不感兴趣. Disinterested relates to sense 2 *disinterested涉及第2义: In financial matters it is important to get disinterested advice, ie from somebody who is not directly involved. 在财务方面, 要徵询与之无利益关系者的意见, 这是十分重要的.
interface
/ 5IntEfeIs; `IntL9fes/ n  1 surface common to two areas 界面; 分界面.  2 (computing 计) electrical circuit linking one device with another and enabling data coded in one format to be transmitted in another 接口（连接两装置的电路, 可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码）.  3 (fig 比喻) place where two subjects, etc meet and affect each other （两学科等的）相接触并相互影响之处: at the interface of art and science 在艺术与科学的交汇处 * at the art/science interface 在艺术[科学]交接处.
interfere
/ 9IntE5fIE(r); 9IntL`fIr/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb) concern oneself with or take action affecting sb else's affairs without the right to do so or being invited to do so 干涉; 介入; 干预: Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you! 不要干预与你无关的事! * It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife. 夫妻间的事最好不要管.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (a) handle, adjust, etc sth without permission, esp so as to cause damage （未得允许）摆弄; （尤指）弄坏: Who's been interfering with the clock? It's stopped. 是谁摆弄这钟来著? 已经不走了. (b) obstruct sth wholly or partially; prevent sth from being done or carried out properly 阻碍; 妨碍; 妨害: interfere with sb else's plans 妨碍某人的计画 * Don't allow pleasure to interfere with duty. 不要让娱乐妨碍了职责.  3 [Ipr] ~ with sb (a) distract or hinder sb 干扰或妨碍某人: Don't interfere with him while he's working. 他工作的时候不要打搅他. (b) (Brit euph 婉) assault sb sexually （在性方面）侵犯某人: The police reported that the murdered child had not been interfered with. 警方报告说被害儿童没有遭到性侵犯.
interference
/ 9IntE5fIErEns; 9IntL`fIrEns/ n [U]  1 ~ (in/with sth) interfering 干涉; 干预; 摆弄; 妨碍; （性的）侵犯: I don't want any interference from you! 我用不著你来干涉!  2 (a) (radio 无) prevention of clear reception because a second signal is being transmitted on a wavelength close to the first 干扰: interference from foreign broadcasting stations 外来广播电台的干扰. (b) (computing 计) presence of unwanted signals in a communications circuit 干扰. (c) (sport 体 esp US) (in ice hockey, American football, etc) unlawful obstruction of an opposing player （冰球, 美国橄榄球等）阻挡犯规.
interfering 
adj [attrib 作定语] likely to concern oneself annoyingly with other people's affairs, to try to control what they do, etc 好干涉的; 爱管闲事的: She's an interfering old busybody! 她是个爱管闲事的女人!
interferon
/ 9IntE5fIErEn; 9IntE`fI9rBn/ n [U] type of protein produced by the body cells when attacked by a virus which acts to prevent the further development of the virus 干扰素.
interim
/ 5IntErIm; `IntErIm/ n (idm 习语) in the interimduring the time that comes between; meantime 在其间; 在其时: `My new job starts in May.' `What are you doing in the interim?' ｀我的新工作五月开始.＇｀这期间你干什麽呢?＇
interim 
adj [attrib 作定语] existing or in force only for a short time; temporary; provisional 暂时的; 临时的: interim arrangements, measures, proposals, etc 临时的安排、 措施、 建议等 * an interim loan, payment, etc 临时的借贷、 付款等 * an interim report, ie one made before the main or final report 期中报告.
interior
/ In5tIErIE(r); In`tIrIL/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] inner part; inside 内部; 里面: the interior of a house 房子的内部 * a house with a classical exterior and a modern interior 外表古色古香而内部装饰现代化的房子 * [attrib 作定语] an interior room 内室 * an interior-sprung mattress, ie with springs inside 弹簧床垫 * (fig 比喻) an interior monologue, ie sb's thoughts, eg as recorded in a novel 内心独白（如小说中的）. Cf 参看 exterior.  2 the interior [sing] inland part of a country or continent 内地; 腹地; 内陆: the jungles of the interior of Africa 非洲内地的丛林 * explorers who penetrated deep into the interior 深入腹地的探险者.  3 the Interior [sing] domestic affairs of a country, as dealt with by its government (in the UK, the responsibility of the Home Office) 内政, （国家的）内务（在英国指内政部的事务）: the Department/Minister of the Interior 内政部[大臣].
interior decorator 
person who decorates the inside of a house or other building with paint, wallpaper, etc 室内装饰工匠.
interior design 
planned choice of style, colour, furnishing, etc for the inside of a house, flat, etc 室内设计.
interior designer 
person who is expert in this 室内设计师.
interject
/ 9IntE5dVekt; `IntL`dVZkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (into sth) make (a sudden remark) that interrupts what sb else is saying 突然插入（言语）; 打断（别人的话）: If I may interject a note of caution into the discussion... 请容我在讨论中插句话, 要注意... * When I brought up the question of funding, he quickly interjected that it had been settled. 我刚提出筹集基金的问题, 他急忙插嘴说问题已经解决了.
interjection
/ 9IntE5dVekFn; 9IntL`dVZkFEn/ n (grammar) word or phrase used as an exclamation (eg Oh!, Hurray! or For goodness sake!) 叹词, 感叹语（如｀啊!＇｀好哇!＇或｀看在老天爷的面上!＇）.
interlace
/ 9IntE5leIs; 9IntL`les/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause things to) be joined by weaving or lacing together; cross (one thing with another) as if woven （使东西）编结, 交织; 使（物与另一物）交错: interlacing branches 交错的树枝 * interlace sb's hair with ribbons 用缎带把某人的头发编扎起来.
interlard
/ 9IntE5lB:d; 9IntL`lBrd/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth (rhet often derog 修辞, 常作贬义) mix (ordinarywriting, speech, etc) with unusual or striking expressions,eg quotations or foreign phrases 使（一般的文字、 话语等）夹杂生僻的或惊人的词语（如语录或外来语）: essays liberally interlarded with quotations from the poets 大量掺杂诗人名句的文章.
interleave
/ 9IntE5li:v; 9IntL`liv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ B (between A)/~ A (with B) insert (extra pages, usu blank ones) between the pages of a book 在书页间加（页, 通常为空白页）: The exercise book has plain pages interleaved between its lined ones/has lined pages interleaved with plain ones. 横格练习簿的页间已插入空白页.
interline
/ 9IntE5laIn; 9IntL`laIn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)  1 put an extra layer of material between the fabric of (a garment) and its lining in order to give firmness or extra warmth （在衣服的面与里之间）加内衬: interline a coat (with wool, acrylic fibre, etc) 在大衣内加（毛的、 丙稀酸纤维等的）内衬.  2 (also interlineate / 9IntE5lInI`eIt; 9IntL`lInI9et/) write or print additional material between the lines of (a text) 在（正文）的字行间加写或加印: interline a book with notes, glosses, etc 在书中作评注、 注解等.
interlining
/ 5IntElaInIN; `IntL9laInIN/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) material used to interline a garment 作内衬的材料; 衬布.
interlinear
/ 9IntE5lInIE(r); 9IntL`lInIL/ adj (written or printed) between the lines of a text 在行间（书写或印刷）的.
interlink
/ 9IntE5lINk; 9IntL`lINk/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (a) link (sth) (with sth) 将（某物）（与他物）连结: chains which interlink/are interlinked 互相连结的链子. (b) (fig 比喻) connect (sth) or be connected closely (with sth) 将（某物）（与他物）相连或相接: transport systems that interlink with each other 互相衔接的交通运输系统 * destinies that are interlinked 休戚与共的命运.
interlock
/ 9IntE5lCk; 9IntL`lBk/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) fit (things which are joined together) firmly so they do not come apart 使（东西）结合、 连接、 连锁、 互锁: a system of interlocking parts 各部分互相结合的设备 * two pieces of machinery, pipe, etc that interlock 互相连接的两个机械、 管子等 * They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错, 携手而行. * interlock one pipe with another 把一根管子和另一根管子连接起来.
interlock
/ 5IntElCk; `IntL9lBk/ n  1 [C] (computing 计) device used in a logic circuit to prevent certain operations from occurring unless preceded by certain events 互锁设备.  2 [U] machine-knitted fabric with fine stitches 双罗纹针织品.
interlocutor
/ 9IntE5lCkjUtE(r); 9IntL`lBkjEtL/ n (fml 文) person taking part in a conversation or discussion 参加对话或讨论的人: my interlocutor, ie the person talking to me 我的对话者（与我谈话的人）.
interloper
/ 5IntElEUpE(r); 9IntL`lopL/ n person who is present in a place where he does not belong, interferes in sth which is not his affair, etc; intruder 闯入者; 干涉他人事务者: Security guards were stationed at the door to deal with any interlopers. 门口已设警卫人员以阻止闯入的人.
interlude
/ 5IntElu:d; `IntL9lud/ n  1 (a) short period of time separating the parts of a play, film, etc; interval （戏剧、 电影等的）中间休息, 幕间休息: There will now be a 15-minute interlude. 现在有15分钟的中间休息. (b) piece performed during this 中间休息时演出的节目: a musical interlude 音乐插曲.  2 period of time coming between two events 两事件间的时间: a brief interlude of peace between two wars 两场战争之间的短暂的和平.  3 event or phase of a different kind occurring in the middle of something 某事过程中发生的事件或片段: a comic interlude, ie during a serious drama or during sb's life 幽默插曲（幕间的或某人生活中的）. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.
intermarry
/ 9IntE5mArI; 9IntL`mArI/ v (pt, pp -ried) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb)  1 (of racial, religious, etc groups) become connected by marriage with other groups （指不同种族、 宗教等的人）通婚: blacks intermarrying with whites 与白人通婚的黑人 * Catholics intermarrying with Protestants 和基督教徒通婚的天主教徒.  2 marry sb within one's own family or group （家族或群体内部）通婚: cousins who intermarry (with one another), eg in a royal family 通婚的堂表兄弟姐妹（如在皇族中）.
intermarriage
/ 9IntE5mArIdV; 9IntL`mArIdV/ n [U] such marriage （种族、 宗教、 家族之间的）通婚.
intermediary
/ 9IntE5mi:dIErI; ?@ -dIerI; 9IntL`midI9ZrI/ n ~ (between sb and sb) person who acts as a means of communication between two or more others 中间人; 调解人; 斡旋人: They disliked each other too much to meet, so they conducted all their business through an intermediary. 他们彼此交恶不愿相见, 有事均通过中间人处理.
intermediary 
adj acting in such a way 居间的; 中间人的; 调解的: play an intermediary role in a dispute 在一场争吵中起调停人的作用.
intermediate
/ 9IntE5mi:dIEt; 9IntL`midIEt/ adj ~ (between A and B) (a) situated or coming between two people, things, etc in time, space, degree, etc （时间、 空间、 程度等）介於（两人、 物等）之间的, 居间的: at an intermediate point, level, stage, etc 在中间的一点、 水平、 阶段等 * The pupa is at an intermediate stage of development; it is intermediate between the egg and the adult butterfly. 蛹是蝴蝶发育的中间阶段, 介於卵和成虫之间. (b) between elementary and advanced 中级的: an intermediate course, book, level 中级的课程、 书、 水平. 
intermediately 
adv.
intermediate-range (ballistic) missile 
missile (typically nuclear) designed to attack targets between long-range and short-range 中程（弹道）导弹（多为核导弹）.
interment
/ In5t\:mEnt; In`t[mEnt/ n (fml 文) [C, U] burying of a dead body 埋葬; 安葬. Cf 参看 inter.
intermezzo
/ 9IntE5metsEU; 9IntL`mZtso/ n (pl ~s or -zzi / -tsI; -tsI/) (music 音) (a) short composition to be played between the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that comes between the main movements of a symphony or some other large work 幕间插曲; 间奏曲. (b) short instrumental piece in one movement 单乐章的短小的器乐曲: two intermezzi by Brahms 布拉姆斯的两首单乐章的短小的器乐曲.
interminable
/ In5t\:mInEbl; In`t[mInEbl/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) going on too long, and usu therefore annoying or boring 持续得过长的（通常指使人恼怒或厌烦）: an interminable argument, debate, sermon, etc 没完没了的争论、 辩论、 说教等. 
interminably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv: We had to wait interminably. 我们只好乾等著.
intermingle
/ 9IntE5mINgl; 9IntL`mIN^l/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people, ideas, substances, etc to) mix together （使人、 思想、 物质等）混合: Oil and water will not intermingle. 油和水不相融合. * a busy trading port, where people of all races intermingle (with each other) 一个繁忙的贸易港口, 各种族的人（相互）混在一起 * a book which intermingles fact with fiction 事实和虚构情节交织的书.
intermission
/ 9IntE5mIFn; 9IntL`mIFEn/ n [C, U] period of time during which sth stops before continuing; interval; pause 暂停; 中间休息; 幕间休息: a short intermission halfway through a film 电影放映中途的短暂休息 * The fever lasted five days without intermission. 连续发烧五天. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.
intermittent
/ 9IntE5mItEnt; 9IntL`mItnt/ adj continually stopping and then starting again; not constant 断续的; 间歇的: intermittent flashes of light from a lighthouse 灯塔发出的一闪一灭的光 * intermittent bursts of anger, energy, interest, etc 一阵一阵的怒气、 精力、 兴趣等 * an intermittent fever 间歇热. 
intermittently 
adv.
intermix
/ 9IntE5mIks; 9IntL`mIks/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people, things, ideas, etc to) mix together; intermingle （使人、 物、 思想等）混合.
intermixture
/ 9IntE5mIkstFE(r); 9IntL`mIkstFL/ n [C, U] (instance of) intermixing 混合: a confusing intermixture of fact and fiction 事实和虚构情节杂乱的大混合.
intern
/ In5t\:n; In`t[n/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) put sb (eg a terrorist or sb from an enemy country) in prison, a camp, etc, esp during a war and without trial 将某人（如恐怖分子或敌国的人）拘留、 扣押（於监狱、 拘留营等, 尤指战时不经审讯的）.
internee
/ 9Int\:5ni:; 9Int[`ni/ n person who is interned （在上述情况下）被拘留者.
internment
/ In5t\:nmEnt; In`t[nmEnt/ n [U]: the internment of enemy aliens 对敌国侨民的拘留 * [attrib 作定语] an internment camp 拘留营.
intern (also interne)
/ 5Int\:n; `Int[n/ n (US) (Brit `houseman) young doctor who is completing his training by living in a hospital and acting as an assistant physician or surgeon there 住院实习医生.
internal
/ In5t\:nl; In`t[nl/ adj  1 of or on the inside 内部的; 在内部的: the internal workings of a machine 机器内部的运转 * holding an internal inquiry (ie within an organization) to find out who is responsible 进行内部调查, 找出应对此事承担责任的人 * (mathematics 数) an internal angle, eg one of the three inside a triangle 内角. Cf 参看 external.  2 (medical 医) of the inside of the body 体内的: internal organs 内脏 * internal medicine, ie medical study of the interior of the body 内科学 * (infml 口) She's been having some internal problems. 她一直有些内科疾病.  3 of the mind, but not outwardly expressed 内心的; 精神的: wrestling with internal doubts 疑虑重重心神不定.  4 (of examinations, etc) set and marked within a school, university, college, etc （指考试等）校内的: an internal examiner, ie one who marks papers from his own college, etc 校内主考人.  5 of political, economic, etc affairs within a country, rather than abroad; domestic 国内的; 内政的: internal trade, revenue, etc 国内贸易、 税收等.  6 (derived from) within the thing itself （得自）本身的: a theory which lacks internal consistency, ie of which the parts do not fit together 缺乏内部一致性的理论 * internal evidence, eg of when a book was written 内在证据（如从书中可知悉其写作时间）.
internalize, internalise
/ -nElaIz; -nlaIz/ v [Tn] (psychology心) make (attitudes, behaviour, language, etc) fully part of one's nature or mental capacity, by learning or unconsciously assimilating them 使（态度、 看法、 行为、 语言等经学习或同化）内在化（成为本性或主观意识）. 
internalization, internalisation
/ In9t\:nElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; In9t[nElE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].
internally
/ -nElI; -nlI/ adv: medicine that is not to be taken internally, ie not swallowed 不可内服的药 * a theory which is not internally consistent 不能自圆其说的理论.
internal combustion 
process by which power is produced by the explosion of gases or vapours inside a cylinder (as in a car engine) 内燃（由气缸内气体膨胀产生动力的方法, 如汽车的发动机的）: [attrib 作定语] an internal-combustion engine 内燃机.
Internal Revenue Service 
(US) government departmentresponsible for collecting domestic taxes 国内税务署. Cf 参看 Inland Revenue (inland).
international
/ 9IntE5nAFnEl; 9IntL`nAFEnl/ adj of, carried on by or existing between two or more nations 国际的; 国际间进行的: international sport, trade, law 国际体育运动、 国际贸易、 国际法 * an international agreement, conference, flight 国际协定、 会议、 航班 * an international call, ie a telephone call to another country 国际电话 * an international incident, ie a crisis between two or more nations 国际事件 * a pianist with an international reputation 享有国际声誉的钢琴家.
international 
n  1 (sport 体) (a) contest involving teams from two or more countries 国际比赛: the France-Scotland Rugby international 法国对苏格兰的橄榄球赛. (b) player who takes part in an international contest 国际比赛选手: a retired Welsh Rugby international 退休的威尔士橄榄球队国际选手.  2 International any of four socialist or communist associations for workers of all countries, formed in 1864, 1889, 1919 and 1938 第一国际（1864年）、 第二国际（1889年）、 第三国际（1919年）或第四国际（1938年）.
internationalize, internationalise
/ 9IntE5nAFnElaIz; 9IntL`nAFEnl9aIz/ v [Tn] bring (sth) under the combined control or protection of all or many nations; make international 将（某事物）置於国际共管之下; 使国际化: Should the Suezand Panama Canals be internationalized? 苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河应归国际共管吗? 
internationalization, internationalisation
/ 9IntE9nAFnElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9IntL9nAFEnlE`zeFEn/ n [U].
internationally
/ -nElI; -nlI/ adv: an internationally known pianist 国际知名的钢琴家.
Internationale
/ 9IntEnFE5nB:l; 9IntLnAFE`nBl/ n the Internationale [sing] (revolutionary) socialist song 《国际歌》.
internationalism
/ 9IntE5nAFnElIzEm; 9IntL`nAFEnl9IzEm/ n [U] belief in the need for friendly co-operation between nations 国际主义.
internationalist
/ -FnElIst; -FEnElIst/ n person who supports or believes in internationalism 国际主义者.
interne
= intern2.
internecine
/ 9IntE5ni:saIn; 9IntL`nisaIn/ adj causing destruction to both sides 两败俱伤的: internecine strife, war, conflict, etc 两败俱伤的争斗、 战争、 冲突等.
interpellate
/ In5t\:peleIt; ?@ 9IntEr5peleIt; 9IntL`pZlet/ v [Tn] (in some parliaments, eg the French and Japanese) question (a government Minister) about a matter of government policy, thus interrupting parliamentary proceedings （在某些议会中如法国和日本）（就政府政策）质询（部长或大臣）而中断议会议程.
interpellation
/ In9t\:pE5leIFn; In9t[pE`leFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) interpellating （议会中就政府政策向部长或大臣提出的）质询.
interpenetrate
/ 9IntE5penItreIt; 9IntL`pZnE9tret/ v [I,Tn] penetrate (each other), esp so as to lose individuality; spread through (sth) thoroughly in each direction 互相渗透（尤指因而失去原有特性）; 贯穿; 扩散: two cultures, originally distinct, which have so interpenetrated (each other) as to become virtually a single culture 两种起源截然不同的文化互相渗透以致实际上已融为一体.
interpenetration
/ 9IntE9penI5treIFn; 9IntL9pZnE`treFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) interpenetrating or being interpenetrated 渗透; 贯穿; 扩散.
interpersonal
/ 9IntE5p\:sEnl; 9IntL`p[sEnl/ adj existingor done between two people 人与人之间的; 人际的: interpersonal relations 人际关系.
interplanetary
/ 9IntE5plAnItrI; ?@ -terI; 9IntL`plAnE9tZrI/ adj between planets 行星间的: an interplanetary flight 在行星间的航行.
interplay
/ 5IntEpleI; `IntL9ple/ n [U] ~ (of A and B/between A and B) way in which two or more things have an effect on each other; interaction 相互作用; 相互影响; 互相合作; 一起活动: the subtle interplay of colours (ie their combined effect) in Monet's painting 莫奈绘画中的色彩的相互掩映 * the interplay between generosity and self-interest which influences people's actions 影响人的行为的慷慨与私利两者的相互作用.
Interpol
/ 5IntEpCl; `IntL9pol/ n [Gp] International Police Commission, an organization through which national police forces can co-operate with each other 国际刑事警察组织.
interpolate
/ In5t\:pEleIt; In`t[pE9let/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (fml 文)  1 make (a remark, etc) which interrupts a conversation, speech, etc 插入（言语等）: If I may interpolate a comment, before you continue your speech... 很抱歉打断你的演讲, 请让我插句话....  2 add (sth) to a text, book, etc, sometimes misleadingly （在文章、 书等中）插入文字等（有时指篡改）: Close inspection showed that many lines had been interpolated into the manuscript at a later date. 经仔细检查发现不少字句是後来添写进原手稿中去的.
interpolation
/ In9t\:pE5leIFn; In9t[pE`leFEn/ n (a) [U] interpolating or being interpolated 插入言语、 文字或篡改. (b) [C] thing interpolated 插入的言语或文字.
interpose
/ 9IntE5pEUz; 9IntL`poz/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (between A and B) place sb/sth between others 使某人[某事物]介入二者之间: He interposed his considerable bulk (ie body) between me and the window, so that I could not see out. 他个头很大, 夹在我和窗户之间, 我看不见外边的东西了.  2 [I, Tn] interrupt, esp by making (a remark) 打断谈话; （尤指）插入（言语）: `But how do you know that?' he interposed. ｀那麽你是怎麽知道那件事的呢?＇他插嘴问道.
interposition
/ 9IntEpE5zIFn; 9IntLpE`zIFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] interposing or being interposed 介入; 打断谈话; 插嘴. (b) [C] thing interposed 插入物; 插入的话.
interpret
/ In5t\:prIt; In`t[prIt/ v  1 [Tn] (a) explain (sth which is not easily understandable) 解释; 说明: interpret a difficult text, an inscription, sb's dream, etc 解释一篇难懂的文字、 一篇铭文、 某人的梦等. (b) make clear or bring out the intended meaning of (a character, composition, etc) 表明或体现（人物、 作品等）的内涵: interpret a role in a play 表演剧中某角色 * interpret a piece of music, ie as player or conductor 演奏一首乐曲（任演奏者或指挥） * Poetry helps us to interpret life. 诗歌有助於我们阐发人生的意义.  2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth understand sth in a particular way 理解; 了解: `How would you interpret his silence?' `I would interpret it as a refusal.' ｀你认为他的沉默是什麽意思?＇｀我认为意思是拒绝.＇  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) give a simultaneous spoken translation from one language to another 作口译: Will you please interpret for me? 请你为我翻译一下好吗? Cf 参看 translate.
interpretation
/ In9t\:prI5teIFn; In9t[prI`teFEn/ n (a) [U] interpreting 解释; 说明; 表明; 体现; 理解; 口译. (b) [C] result of this; explanation or meaning 解释; 翻译; 含义: the conductor's controversial interpretation of the symphony 该指挥对那交响乐曲值得商榷的理解* These facts allow of/may be given many possible interpretations. 这些事实容或[可以]作多种解释. * What interpretation would you put/place on them? ie How would you explain them? 你对这些作何解释?
interpretative
/ In5t\:prItEtIv; In`t[prItEtIv/ adj (Brit)(also esp US interpretive / In5t\:prItIv; In`t[prItIv/) of or concerning interpretation 解释的; 说明的; 表明的; 体现的; 理解的; 口译的: the pianist's considerable interpretative skills 那个弹钢琴的人深刻理解原作而表现的演奏技巧.
interpreter 
n person who gives a simultaneous translation of words spoken in another language 作口译的人. Cf 参看 translator (translate).
interpreting 
n [U] activity of an interpreter 口译.
interracial
/ 9IntE5reIFl; 9IntL`reFEl/ adj between or involving different races 种族间的: interracial conflict, harmony, cooperation, etc 种族间的冲突、 和谐、 合作等.
interregnum
/ 9IntE5regnEm; 9IntL`rZ^nEm/ n (pl ~s or -na / -nE; -nE/)  1 (a) period when a state has no normal or lawful ruler, esp at the end of a sovereign's reign and before the appointment of a successor （国家无正常统治者或合法统治者的）空位期（尤指一君主的统治权结束而继任者尚未执政的时期）. (b) period in an organization when no appointed head or leader is in charge, after the resignation or death of the previous one, until a new appointment is made （一组织的新旧领导人交替间的）空位期（旧任辞职或死亡, 新任未定之际）.  2 (fig 比喻) interval or pause; gap in continuity 间歇; 停顿; 中断期间.
interrelate
/ 9IntErI5leIt; 9IntLrI`let/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause parts, etc to) be connected very closely so that they have an effect on each other （使各部分等）紧密联系（而相互作用）: Many would say that crime and poverty interrelate/are interrelated (with one another). 很多人都说犯罪与贫穷是密切相关的.
interrelated 
adj mutually related 相互联系的; 相互关联的: a complex network of interrelated parts 由相互关联的部分组成的复杂网络.
interrelation
/ 9IntErI5leIFn; 9IntLrI`leFEn/, interrelationship ns [U, C] ~ (of A and B/between A and B) mutual relationship 相互关系.
interrogate
/ In5terEgeIt; In`tZrE9^et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) question sb aggressively or closely and for a long time （长时间）讯问、 审问、 盘问或质问某人: interrogate a prisoner 审问犯人 * He refused to be interrogated about his friends. 盘问他他朋友的事, 他拒不回答.
interrogation
/ In9terE5geIFn; In9tZrE`^eFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) interrogating or being interrogated 讯问; 审问; 盘问; 质问: several interrogations by police officers 由警察主持的几次审问 * The prisoner gave way under interrogation. 犯人受审而招供了. * [attrib 作定语] interrogation techniques 审问的技巧.
interrogator 
n person who interrogates 讯问者; 审问者; 质问者.
interrogative
/ 9IntE5rCgEtIv; 9IntE`rB^EtIv/ adj  1 (fml 文) asking or seeming to ask a question; inquiring 讯问的; 疑问的; 探问的: an interrogative look, glance, remark, etc 疑问的神情、 目光、 言语等 * in an interrogative tone, manner, etc 疑问的口吻、 态度等.  2 (grammar) used inquestions 用於疑问句的: interrogative pronouns, determiners, adverbs, eg who, which, why 疑问代词、 疑问限定词、 疑问副词（如who、which、why）.
interrogative 
n (grammar) interrogative word, esp a pronoun or determiner 疑问词（尤指代词或限定词）. 
interrogatively 
adv.
interrogatory
/ 9IntE5rCgEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; 9IntE`rB^E9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) interrogative(1) 讯问的; 疑问的; 探问的: in an interrogatory tone, voice, manner, etc 以疑问的口吻、 声音、 态度等.
interrupt
/ 9IntE5rQpt; 9IntE`rQpt/ v  1 [Tn] break the continuity of (sth) temporarily 暂时中断或中止（某事物）: Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the war. 两国间贸易因战争而中断. * We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash. 我们中断节目, 报告新闻快讯.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sth) (derog 贬) stop (sb) speaking, etc or (sth) happening by speaking oneself or by causing some other sort of disturbance 打断（某人）讲话; 打岔; 打扰: Don't interrupt (me) while I'm busy! 我正忙著, 不要打搅我! * Don't interrupt the speaker now; he will answer questions later. 现在不要打断他的话, 他稍後再回答问题. * Hecklers interrupted her speech with jeering. 诘问者的嘲笑打断了她的讲话.  3 [Tn] destroy the uniformity of (sth) 打破（某事物）的同一性或均衡性: a vast flat plain interrupted only by a few trees 只有几棵树的广阔平原.  4 [Tn] obstruct (sth) 阻碍（某事物）: These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea. 这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野.
interrupter 
n person or thing that interrupts 造成中断、 中止、 打搅或阻碍的人或事物.
interruption
/ 9IntE5rQpFn; 9IntE`rQpFEn/ n (a) [U] interrupting or being interrupted 中断; 中止; 阻碍. (b) [C] instance of this; thing that interrupts 中断; 中止;阻碍; 阻断物; 障碍物: Numerous interruptions have prevented me from finishing my work. 我屡遭搅扰以致工作未能完成.
intersect
/ 9IntE5sekt; 9IntL`sZkt/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] divide (sth) by going across it 横断, 横切, 横穿（某物）: a landscape of small fields intersected by hedges and streams 有绿篱和小溪纵横交错分成许多小块的田野景色.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (with sth) (of lines, roads, etc) meet and go past (another or each other) forming a cross shape （指线条、 道路等）相交, 交叉: The lines AB and CD intersect at E. 直线AB与直线CD相交於E点. * The line AB intersects the line CD at E. 直线AB与直线CD相交於E点. * How many times do the road and railway intersect (with one another) on this map? 在这张地图上公路与铁路（彼此）相交共有多少次?
intersecting 
adj that intersect 相交的; 交叉的: intersecting lines 相交的线.
intersection
/ 9IntE5sekFn; 9IntL`sZkFEn/ n  1 [U] intersecting or being intersected 横断; 横切; 相交; 交叉.  2 [C] point where two lines, etc intersect 交点.  3 [C] place where two or more roads intersect; crossroads 交叉路口; 十字路口.
intersperse
/ 9IntE5sp\:s; 9IntL`sp[s/ v [Tn.pr] ~ B among/between/in/throughout A; ~ A with B vary sth by placing other things at irregular intervals among it 散置; 散布; 点缀: intersperse flower-beds among/between the trees 树与树之间点缀著花坛 * a landscape of trees interspersed with a few flower-beds 树丛间有几个花坛的景致 * a day of sunshine interspersed with occasional showers 间中有阵雨而充满阳光的一天.
interstate
/ 9IntE5steIt; 9IntL`stet/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] between states, esp in the USA 州与州间的, 州际的（尤指美国的）: ,interstate `rivalry, `tensions, `highways 州际竞争、 紧张关系、 公路.
interstellar
/ 9IntE5stelE(r); 9IntL`stZlL/ adj between the stars 星与星间的; 星际的: interstellar matter, eg the masses of gas between stars 星际物质（如星间的气团） * interstellar communication 星际通讯. Cf 参看 stellar.
interstice
/ In5t\:stIs; In`t[stIs/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) ~ (of/between/in sth) (fml 文) very small gap or crack 裂隙; 缝隙; 空隙: The interstices between the bricks let in cold air. 冷空气透过砖缝进入室内.
intertribal
/ 9IntE5traIbl; 9IntL`traIbl/ adj between tribes 种族间的; 部落间的: intertribal wars 部落间的战争.
intertwine
/ 9IntE5twaIn; 9IntL`twaIn/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) be twisted so as to become joined; twist (things) so as to join them 缠结在一起; 使（东西）缠绕在一起: Their fingers intertwined. 他们的手指在一起勾著. * His fingers intertwined with hers. 他的手指勾著她的手指. * They intertwined their fingers. 他们把手指勾在一起. * He intertwined his fingers with hers. 他用手指勾著她的手指. * (fig 比喻) Our fates seemed inextricably intertwined, ie linked. 我们的命运好像紧密相连, 难分难解.
interval
/ 5IntEvl; `IntLvl/ n  1 ~ (between sth) (a) time between two events （两事件中的）间隔时间: the interval between a flash of lightning and the sound of thunder 闪电和雷声之间的间隙 * go out, and return after an interval of half an hour 出去, 隔半小时再回来. (b) space between two or more things （物体之间的）间隔空间: They planted trees in the intervals between the houses. 他们在房子与房子之间种上了树.  2 (Brit) short period of time separating parts of a play, film, concert, etc （戏剧、 电影、 音乐会等的）幕间休息, 中间休息: an interval of 15 minutes after the second act 第二幕之後的十五分钟幕间休息.  3 pause; break in activity 停顿; 中断: an interval of silence to show respect for the dead 向死者致敬的片刻默哀 * He returned to work after an interval in hospital. 他住院一段时间以後又回来上班了. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.  4 (esp pl 尤作复数) limited period during which sth occurs （某事发生的）一段时间: sunny/showery intervals, ie non-continuous periods of sunshine/rain 间中放晴[有雨]的一段一段时间 * She's delirious, but has lucid intervals. 她神志昏乱, 但时而清醒.  5 (music 音) difference in pitch between two notes 音程: an interval of one octave 一个八度音程.  6 (idm 习语) at intervals (a) with time between 每隔...时间; 间或; 不时; 时而: At intervals she would stop for a rest. 她不时停下来休息. * He comes back to see us at regular intervals. 他每隔一段时间就回 来看看我们. * The runners started at 5-minute intervals. 赛跑的人每隔五分钟出发一批. (b) with spaces between 每隔...距离: The trees were planted at 20 ft intervals. 这些树是每隔20英尺栽种一棵的.
intervene
/ 9IntE5vi:n; 9IntL`vin/ v (fml 文)  1 [I] (of time) come or be between （指时间）进入, 介入, 在其间: during the years that intervened 这期间的若干年里.  2 [I] (of events, circumstances) happen in such a way as to hinder or prevent sth from being done （指事情、 情形）发生（以致阻碍某事）: I will come if nothing intervenes. 假若没有别的事, 我一定来. * We should have finished harvesting, but a storm intervened. 我们本可以收割完, 但却遇上了暴风雨.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/between A and B) (of people) interfere so as to prevent sth happening or to change the result （指人）干涉, 干预, 调停, 调解, 斡旋: When rioting broke out, the police were obliged to intervene. 暴乱发生时, 警察有责任干预. * intervene in a dispute, quarrel, etc 调解纠纷、 争吵等 * intervene between two people who are quarrelling 在吵架的两人间作调解 * I intervened on her behalf to try and get the decision changed. 我为她力争以求改变决定.
intervening 
adj coming between 发生於其间的: When she came back, she found that much had changed in the intervening years. 她回来後发现这几年有了很大的变化.
intervention
/ 9IntE5venFn; 9IntL`vZnFEn/ n ~ (in sth) [C, U] (instance of) interfering or becoming involved, eg to prevent sth happening 干涉, 干预, 介入（如阻止某事发生）: armed intervention by one country in the affairs of another 一国对另一国内政的武力干涉 * He had been saved from death as if by divine intervention, ie as though God had taken action to save him. 他得以死里逃生似有神助. 
interventionist
/ -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n person in favour of intervening in the affairs of other countries 干涉主义者; 主张干预的人: [attrib 作定语] interventionist policies 干涉主义政策.
interview
/ 5IntEvju:; `IntL9vju/ n ~ (with sb)  1 meeting at which sb (eg sb applying for a job) is asked questions to find out if he is suitable 面试; 面谈: a job interview 招聘面试 * I've got an interview with National Chemicals. 我已获全国化学制品公司邀约面试. * Applicants will be called for interview in due course. 申请者将於适当时候获邀约面谈. * [attrib 作定语] an interview panel 面试小组.  2 meeting at which a reporter, etc asks sb questions in order to find out his views （记者等的）采访, 交谈, 晤谈: a TV interview 电视采访 * I never give interviews. 我从不接受采访. * In an exclusive interview with David Frost, the former president made many revelations. 前总裁在接受戴维·弗罗斯特独家采访时透露了不少内幕情况.  3 meeting between two people to discuss important matters, usu rather formally （两人之间）会谈, 晤谈, 商谈, 面谈: a careers interview 职业前途面谈 * I asked for an interview with my boss to discuss my future. 我请求和老板谈谈我的未来.
interview 
v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) conduct an interview with sb (eg a job applicant) 对某人进行面试或面谈（如对求职者）: I'm interviewing all this afternoon. 今天整个下午我都要进行面试. * interview a number of candidates 对一些候选人进行面谈 * We interviewed 20 people for the job. 为这份工作我们对20人进行了面试.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (of a reporter, etc) ask sb questions in an interview （指记者等）采访, 访问: interview the Prime Minister (about government policy) （就政府政策）采访首相.
interviewee
/ 9IntEvju:5i:; 9IntLvju`i/ n person who is interviewed （面试中）受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者.
interviewer
/ 5IntEvju:E; `IntE9vjuL/ n person who conducts an interview 主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者.
interweave
/ 9IntE5wi:v; 9IntL`wiv/ v (pt -wove / -5wEUv; -`wov/, pp -woven / -5wEUvn; -`wovEn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) be woven or weave (sth) together 交织; 编结; 编织; 将某物交织在一起: threads that interweave (with one another) 合股的线 * interweave wool with cotton/wool and cotton 棉毛交织.  2 [usupassive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)(fig 比喻) (a) join (two or more lives, etc) together so that they seem to be no longer separate or independent 使（至少两个生命等）结合（成一体或密不可分）: Our lives are interwoven. 我们的命运已经结合在一起了. * Your destiny is interwoven with mine. 你的命运已和我的命运结合在一起了. (b) combine different features in writing, artistic creation, etc 将（写作、 艺术创作等的不同特点）混在一起: primitive dance rhythms interwoven with folk melody 混有民间曲调的原始舞蹈节奏.
intestate
/ In5testeIt; In`tZstet/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (law 律) not having made a will before death occurs 无遗嘱: die intestate 死时没有留下遗嘱.
intestacy
/ In5testEsI; In`tZstEsI/ n [U] (law 律) condition of being intestate （死亡时）无遗嘱.
intestine
/ In5testIn; In`tZstIn/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) long tube in the body which helps to digest food and carries it from the stomach to the anus 肠: a pain in the intestines 由肠疾患引起的疼痛 * Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine and from there to the large intestine. 食物由胃进入小肠再进入大肠. Cf 参看 abdomen. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.
intestinal
/ In5testInl or, in British use, 英式英语读作 9Intes5taInl; In`tZstInl/ adj of the intestines 肠的: intestinal disorders 肠疾.
intimate
/ 5IntImEt; `IntEmEt/ adj  1 ~ (with sb) (a) having or being a very close and friendly relationship 亲密的; 密切的: intimate friends 密友 * an intimate friendship 亲密的友情 * We had been intimate (ie very close friends) for some time. 我们曾经是极要好的朋友. (b) (euph 婉) having a sexual relationship, esp outside marriage 有性关系的（尤指婚外的）: She was accused of being intimate with several men. 有人说她与几个男人关系暧昧.  2 likely or intended to encourage close relationships, esp sexual ones, typically by being small, quiet and private 便於有亲昵关系的（尤指性关系, 因环境范围小、 幽静、 无人打扰）: an intimate restaurant, atmosphere 适宜幽会的餐厅、 气氛.  3 private and personal 私人的; 个人的: tell a friend the intimate details of one's life 把自己生活中的隐私告诉朋友 * an intimate diary, ie one in which sb records private experiences, thoughts, emotions, etc 私人日记.  4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of knowledge) detailed and obtained by deep study or long experience （指知识）精通的, 详尽的: an intimate knowledge of African religions 对非洲宗教的广博知识.  5 (idm 习语) be/get on intimate `terms (with sb) (come to) know sb very well and be friendly with him （渐渐）熟悉某人且关系密切: We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often. 我们虽算不上关系密切, 但还常见面.
intimacy
/ 5IntImEsI; `IntEmEsI/ n  1 [U] (a) state of being intimate; close friendship or relationship 亲密; 亲切; 亲昵; 关系密切. (b) (euph 婉) sexual activity 性行为.  2 intimacies [pl] (rhet 修辞) intimate actions, eg caresses or kisses 亲昵行为（如爱抚、 接吻）.
intimate 
n intimate friend 至交; 知己; 密友; 挚友: Sir Reginald, known to his intimates as `Porky'. 雷金纳德爵士, 他的至交都叫他｀胖子＇.
intimately 
adv.
intimate
/ 5IntImeIt; `IntE9met/ v [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) make sth known (to sb), esp discreetly or indirectly 将某事透露（给某人）; （尤指谨慎地或间接地）示意; 暗示: He intimated his wishes with a slight nod of his head. 他微微颔首示意. * She has intimated (to us) that she no longer wishes to be considered for the post. 她已（向我们）透露希望不再考虑让她担任该职. * The judge has not intimated (to the jury) whether they will be allowed to reach a majority verdict. 法官没有指示（陪审团）他们可否达成大多数裁定.
intimation
/ 9IntI5meIFn; 9IntE`meFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] intimating 透露; 示意; 暗示. (b) [C] ~ (of sth/that...) something intimated; hint; notification 透露的事; 暗示; 通知: He has given us no intimation of his intentions/what he intends to do. 他没有向我们透露他的意图.
intimidate
/ In5tImIdeIt; In`tImE9det/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) frighten sb (in order to make him do sth) 恐吓, 威胁（某人做某事）: intimidate a witness (into silence, into keeping quiet, etc), eg by threatening him 恐吓目击证人（迫使其不出声、 保持缄默等）.
intimidating 
adj frightening, esp because of seeming difficulty or impossibility 吓人的, 令人惊恐的（尤指因为看似很困难或不可能）: The intimidating bulk of Mt Everest rose up before the climbers. 登山者面前耸立著险峻的埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）.
intimidation
/ In9tImI5deIFn; In9tImE`deFEn/ n [U] intimidating or being intimidated 恐吓; 威胁: give way to intimidation 向所受的威胁让步 * keep people in order by intimidation 用恫吓手段迫使人们就范.
intimidatory
/ In9tImI5deItErI; In`tImE9detErI/ adj tending to intimidate 恐吓的; 威胁的: intimidatory tactics 恫吓手法.
into
/ 5IntE; `IntE, before vowels and finally 元音前及句末读作 5Intu:; `Intu/ prep  1 (a) (moving) to a point within (an enclosed space or volume) 进入; 到...里面: Come into the house. 到房子里来. * Throw it into the fire. 把它扔进火里. * go into town 进城 * She dived into the swimming-pool. 她头向下跳进游泳池里. * (fig 比喻) He turned and walked off into the night. 他转身走开, 消失在夜幕中. * put money into an account 把钱存入帐户. Cf 参看 out of. (b) in the direction of (sth) 朝; 向; 对著: Speak clearly into the microphone. 对著话筒说清楚些. * Driving into the sun, we had to shade our eyes. 车朝著有太阳的方向开, 我们只好遮挡著眼睛. (c) to a point at which one hits (sb/sth) 触及或撞上（某人[某物]）: I nearly ran into a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me. 前面一辆公共汽车突然停住, 我险些撞上. * A lorry drove into a line of parked cars. 一辆卡车撞上了一排停著的汽车.  2 until a point during (sth) 在（某过程）中直到某一点: He carried on working long into the night. 他一直工作到深夜. * She didn't get married until she was well into middle age. 她步入中年以後才结婚. * We're usually into May before the weather changes. 我们这儿的天气到五月份才有变化.  3 (a) (indicating a change in form as the result of an action 指因一行动而产生在形式上的变化): turn the spare room into a study 把空房改成书房 * cut the paper into strips 把纸裁成小条 * fold the napkin into a triangle 把餐巾摺成三角形 * collect the rubbish into a heap 把垃圾堆在一起. Cf 参看 out of. (b) (indicating a change to a specified condition or action 指改变成某种情况或行动): frighten sb into submission 威逼某人屈从 * shocked into a confession of guilt 吓得承认有罪 * She came into power in 1979. 她於1979年掌权. (See n entries for similar examples 类似示例见有关名词词条.)  4 (used to express division in mathematics 用以表示数学的｀除＇): 5 into 25 = 5. 5除25等於5.  5 (idm 习语) be into sth (infml 口) be enthusiastic about sth in which one takes an active interest 对某事物很有兴趣; 非常喜欢: be (heavily) into yoga, science fiction, stamp collecting （极）喜爱瑜伽、 科幻小说、 集邮.
intolerable
/ In5tClErEbl; In`tBlErEbl/ adj too bad to be borne or endured 无法忍受的; 难以容忍的: intolerable heat, noise, etc 无法忍受的炎热、 嘈杂声等 * intolerable insolence, behaviour, etc 不能容忍的侮慢、 行为等 * This is intolerable: I've been kept waiting for three hours! 太不像话了, 让我一直等了三个小时! 
intolerably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: intolerably rude 粗鲁得难以忍受.
intolerant
/ In5tClErEnt; In`tBlErEnt/ adj ~ (of sb/sth)(usu derog 通常作贬义) not tolerant 不容忍的: intolerantof opposition 不容反对. 
intolerance
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n[U]: religious intolerance 宗教上的不容异说. 
intolerantly
adv.
intonation
/ 9IntE5neIFn; 9IntE`neFEn/ n  1 [U] intoning 吟诵; 吟唱: the intonation of a prayer 祈祷文的吟诵.  2 (a) [C, U] rise and fall of the pitch of the voice in speaking, esp as this affects the meaning of what is said 语音的抑扬; 语调; 音调: In English, some questions have a rising intonation. 英语中有些疑问句需用升调. * a change of intonation 语调的变化 * [attrib 作定语] intonation patterns 语调类型. Cf 参看 inflection 2, stress 3. (b) [C] slight accent in speaking （说话时稍含民族的、 地方的或个人的）口音: speak English with a Welsh intonation 说英语稍带威尔士口音.  3 [U] (music 音) quality of playing or singing in tune （演奏或唱歌中的）调音: The violin's intonation was poor. 这个小提琴的调音不准.
intone
/ In5tEUn; In`ton/ v  1 [I, Tn] recite (a prayer, psalm, etc) in a singing tone 吟诵, 吟唱（祈祷文、 赞美诗等）.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) say (sth) in a solemn voice 用庄重的语调说（话）.
intoxicant
/ In5tCksIkEnt; In`tBksEkEnt/ n intoxicating substance, esp alcoholic drink 醉人的物质（尤指酒类饮料）.
intoxicate
/ In5tCksIkeIt; In`tBksE9ket/ v (fml 文)  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) cause sb to lose self-control as a result of the effects of a drug, a gas, or (esp alcoholic) drink （用药物、 气体或饮料, 尤指酒）使某人失去自制力; 使醉: He'd been in the bar all night and was thoroughly intoxicated. 他整夜泡在酒吧里, 烂醉如泥.  2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth (fig 比喻) excite sb greatly, beyond self-control 使某人兴奋得不能自制: intoxicated by success, by a sense of power, etc 因成功、 觉得威风等而欣喜若狂 * intoxicated with joy, with the fresh air 为欢乐、 清新空气所陶醉.
intoxication
/ In9tCksI5keIFn; In9tBksE`keFEn/ n [U] state of being intoxicated, esp drunkenness 极度兴奋; （尤指）酒醉.
intra-
pref 前缀 (with adjs 与形容词结合) on the inside; within 在内部; 在内: intramuscular * intramural.
intra-uterine
/ 9IntrE5ju:tEraIn; 9IntrE`jutEraIn/ adj (medical医) within the uterus 子宫内的.
intra-uterine device (abbr 缩写 IUD) (also coil) 
loop or spiral inserted in the uterus as a contraceptive 子宫内避孕器; 避孕环.
intractable
/ In5trAktEbl; In`trAktEbl/ adj (fml 文) not easily controlled or dealt with; hard to manage 难控制的; 难对付的; 难处理的: intractable children 难管教的儿童 * an intractable problem 伤脑筋的问题. 
intractability
/ In9trAktE5bIlEtI; 9IntrAktE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
intractably
/ In5trAktEblI; In`trAktEblI/ adv.
intramural
/ 9IntrE5mjUErEl; 9IntrE`mjJrEl/ adj  1 intended for full-time students living within a college 为大专住校生而设的: intramural courses, studies, staff 大专院校的校内课程、 学业、 教职工.  2 (US) between teams or players from the same school 校内运动队间或选手间的: an intramural game, league 校内比赛、 校内运动队联合会.
intramuscular
/ 9IntrE5mQskjUlE(r); 9IntrE`mQskjElL/ adj (medical 医) within a muscle or muscles 肌肉内的: an intramuscular injection 肌肉注射.
intransigent
/ In5trAnsIdVEnt; In`trAnsEdVEnt/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) unwilling to change one's views or be co-operative; stubborn 固执己见的; 不愿合作的;顽固的: Owing to their intransigent attitude we were unable to reach an agreement. 由於他们态度僵硬, 我们无法达成协议. 
intransigence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
intransigently 
adv.
intransitive
/ In5trAnsEtIv; In`trAnsEtIv/ adj (grammar)(of verbs) used without an object （指动词）不及物的. Cf 参看 transitive. 
intransitively 
adv.
intrastate
/ 9IntrE5steIt; 9IntrE`stet/ adj (existing) within one state, esp of the USA （存在於）州内的（尤指美国）: intrastate highways 州内公路.
intravenous
/ 9IntrE5vi:nEs; 9IntrE`vinEs/ adj (medical 医) within a vein or veins 静脉内的: an intravenous injection, ie into the bloodstream 静脉注射. 
intravenously 
adv.
intrench
= entrench.
intrepid
/ In5trepId; In`trZpId/ adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) fearless; brave 无畏的; 勇敢的: our intrepid hero 我们的无畏的英雄.
intrepidity
/ 9IntrI5pIdEtI; 9IntrE`pIdEtI/ n [U] fearlessness 无畏.
intrepidly
/ In5trepIdlI; In`trZpIdlI/ adv.
intricate
/ 5IntrIkEt; `IntrEkEt/ adj made up of many small parts put together in a complex way, and therefore difficult to follow or understand 错综复杂的: an intricate piece of machinery 一部复杂的机器 * a novel with an intricate plot 情节错综复杂的小说 * the intricate windings of a labyrinth 迷宫中扑朔迷离的路线 * an intricate design, pattern, etc 复杂的设计、 图案等.
intricacy
/ 5IntrIkEsI; `IntrEkEsI/ n (a) [U] quality of being inticate 错综复杂. (b) intricacies [pl] intricate things, events, etc 错综复杂的事物: unable to follow the intricacies of the plot 难以理解情节中复杂的关系.
intricately
/ -EtlI; -EtlI/ adv.
intrigue
/ In5tri:g; In`tri^/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (against sb) make and carry out secret plans or plots to do sth bad 搞阴谋诡计: She was intriguing with her sister against her mother. 她和妹妹串通捣鬼跟母亲作对. * Some of the members had been intriguing to get the secretary dismissed. 有些人一直搞鬼想让老板把秘书解雇.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) arouse sb's interest or curiosity 激起某人的兴趣或好奇心: What you say intrigues me; tell me more. 你说的很有意思, 多给我讲些吧. * intrigue sb with an exciting story, a piece of news, etc 以使人兴奋的故事、 新闻等引起某人的兴趣.
intrigue
/ 5Intri:g, In5tri:g; `Intrig, In`tri^/ n  1 [U] making of secret plans to do sth bad; conspiracy 密谋策画; 阴谋: a novel of mystery and intrigue 有神秘和阴谋情节的小说.  2 [C] (a) secret plan to do sth bad 阴谋; 密谋. (b) secret arrangement 秘密安排: amorous intrigues 偷情.
intriguer
/ In5tri:gE; In`tri^L/ n person who intrigues (intrigue 1) 搞阴谋诡计的人.
intriguing 
adj full of interest, esp because unusual; fascinating 饶有兴味的（尤指因稀奇）; 迷人的: What an intriguing story! 多麽引人入胜的故事啊!
intrinsic
/ In5trInsIk, -zIk; In`trInsIk, -zIk/ adj (of a value or quality) belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outside （指价值或性质）固有的, 内在的, 本质的: a man's intrinsic worth, eg arising from such qualities as honour and courage, rather than how much he owns, etc 一个人的内在价值（如正义感、 勇敢等品质, 而不在财富多寡） * the intrinsic value of a coin, ie the value of the metal in it, usu less than the value of what it will buy 一硬币的本身价值（即所含金属的价值, 通常低於用其所购物品的价值）. Cf 参看 extrinsic. 
intrinsically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: He is not intrinsically bad. 他本质并不坏.
intro
/ 5IntrEU; `Intro/ n (pl ~s) (infml 口) introduction 介绍: I'd like an intro to that girl you were talking to! 我想请你把我介绍给刚才你和她说话的那姑娘! * (music 音) There's an intro of eight bars before you come in. 你在八小节的前奏之後加入.
introduce
/ 9IntrE5dju:s; ?@ 5du:s; 9IntrE`dus/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb known formally to sb else by giving the person's name, or by giving each person's name to the other 把某人介绍给另外的人; 使相互认识; 引见: Allow me to introduce my wife. 让我介绍一下, 这是我太太. * I don't think we've been introduced, ie and therefore I do not know your name. 我想我们未曾彼此介绍过（因此不知您怎麽称呼）. * I was introduced to the president at the party. 在聚会上有人把我介绍给总裁了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) announce and give (details of a speaker or broadcast, programme, etc) to listeners or viewers （向听众或观众）宣布并介绍（演讲者或广播、 节目等的细节）: The next programme is introduced by Mary Davidson. 下一个节目由玛丽·戴维森主持.  3 [Tn] present (sth new) formally for discussion 提出（新问题）供讨论: introduce a Bill before Parliament 向议会提出法案.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth (a) lead sb up to the main part of sth 引导或带领某人接触某事物的主体: The first lecture introduces new students to the broad outlines of the subject. 第一堂课是让新同学概括地了解这一科目. * It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到参加品酒会的乐趣. (b) cause sb to start using or experiencing sth 使某人开始采用或体验某事物: introduce young people to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, etc 教年轻人喝酒、 抽烟、 吸毒等.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) bring sth into use or operation for the first time 初次投入使用或运作; 引进; 推行; 采用: The company is introducing a new family saloon this year. 公司准备今年推出一种新型家庭轿车. * introduce computers (into schools) （使学校）采用计算机 * introduce a ban on smoking in public places 推行在公共场所禁止吸烟的规则.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (fml 文) put sth (into sth) 将某物放或插（入某物）: introduce a hypodermic needle into a vein 将一皮下注射针头插入静脉 * (fig 比喻) introduce a subject into a conversation 在谈话中加进一话题.  7 [Tn] begin (a piece of music, book, play, etc) 作为（一段音乐、 一本书、 一场戏等）的开头: A slow theme introduces the first movement. 第一乐章以缓慢的主旋律开始.
introduction
/ 9IntrE5dQkFn; 9IntrE`dQkFEn/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (to sb) formal presentation of one person to another, in which each is told the other's name （正式的）介绍; 引见: It is time to make introductions all round, ie introduce many people to one another. 是大家互相介绍的时候了. * a person who needs no introduction, ie who is already well-known 不需作介绍的人（大家都知道的） * a letter of introduction, ie which tells sb who you are, written by a mutual acquaintance 介绍信.  2 [C] (a) ~ (to sth) something that leads up to the main part of sth (eg an explanatory article at the beginning of a book) 引至主要部分的事物（如书中的序言）: a short, brief, detailed, general, long, etc introduction 短序、 简短的序言、 绪论、 前言、 长的序言 * The introduction explains how the chapters are organized. 前言部分说明各章的编排情况. Cf 参看 preface. (b) ~ (to sth) textbook for people beginning a subject 入门（初级读物）: `An Introduction to Astronomy' 《天文学入门》.  3 [sing] ~ to sth first experience of sth 对某事物的初次经历或体验: his introduction to modern jazz 他对现代爵士音乐的初次接触.  4 [U] bringing into use or operation for the first time 初次投入使用或运作; 引进; 推行; 采用: the introduction of new manufacturing methods 新的制造方法的采用.  5 [C] ~ (in/into sth) thing introduced, esp a new animal or plant species 引进的事物（尤指新动植物品种）; 引种: The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子在澳洲是较为近期引进的动物.  6 [C] (music 音) short section at the beginning of a musical composition, leading up to the main part 前奏; 导奏: an eight-bar introduction 八小节组成的前奏.
introductory
/ 9IntrE5dQktErI; 9IntrE`dQktErI/ adj acting as an introduction(2) 引导的; 序言的: some introductory remarks by the chairman 主席的开场白 * an introductory chapter 序篇.
introspect
/ 9IntrE5spekt; 9IntrE`spZkt/ v [I] (fml 文) examine or be concerned with one's own thoughts, feelings and motives 反省; 内省.
introspection
/ 9IntrE5spekFn; 9IntrE`spZkFEn/ n [U] introspecting 反省; 内省.
introspective
/ -5spektIv; -`spZktIv/ adj (a) inclined to introspect 好反省的; 好内省的: an introspective person 好自我反省的人. (b) characteristic of sb who does this 反省的; 内省的: in an introspective mood 以反省的心情 * introspective writing 反思的文字.
introvert
/ 5IntrEv\:t; `IntrE9v[t/ n person who is more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things outside himself, and is often shy and unwilling to speak or join in activities with others （思想感情等）内向的人. Cf 参看 extrovert.
introverted
/ 9IntrE5v\:tId; 9IntrE`v[tId/ adj having the quality of an introvert （思想感情等方面）内向的.
introversion
/ 9IntrE5v\:Fn; ?@ -5v\:rVn; 9IntrE`v[VEn/ n [U] state of being introverted （思想感情等的）内向.
intrude
/ In5tru:d; In`trud/ v [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) on/upon sb/sth; ~ (oneself/sth) into sth (esp fml 尤作文雅语) put (oneself/sth) into a place or situation where one/it is unwelcome or unsuitable 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: I don't wish to intrude, but could I talk to you for a moment? 我无意打扰您, 不过我可以跟您谈一会儿吗? * I felt as though I was intruding on their private grief. 他们正伤心时, 我觉得我好像骚扰了他们. * If I could intrude a note of seriousness into this frivolous conversation... 我真想说一句, 叫他们谈话放严肃些....
intruder 
n person or thing that intrudes, esp sb who enters another's property illegally 闯入的人或物（尤指非法进入属於他人的地方的）.
intrusion
/ In5tru:Vn; In`truVEn/ n ~ (on/upon/into sth) (a) [U] intruding 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: guilty of intrusion upon sb's privacy 侵犯某人的隐私. (b) [C] instance of this 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: This newspaper article is a disgraceful intrusion into my private life. 报纸上这篇文章是对我私生活的侵扰, 这种做法很不光彩.
intrusive
/ In5tru:sIv; In`trusIv/ adj intruding 闯入的; 侵入的; 打搅的; 侵扰的: intrusive neighbours 打扰人的邻居 * the intrusive `r' often heard between vowel sounds, eg in `law and order' 元音之间常听到的外加音r（如在law and order中的）.
intuit
/ In5tju:It; ?@ 5tu:-; In`tJIt/ v [I, Tn, Tf] (fml 文) sense (sth) by intuition 凭直觉感知（某事物）: incapable of intuiting (sb's intentions, feelings, etc) 不善於凭直觉了解（某人的意图、 感情等）.
intuition
/ 9Intju:5IFn; ?@ -tu-; 9Intu`IFEn/ n (often approv 常作褒义)  1 [U] (power of) understanding things (eg a situation, sb's feelings) immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning or study 直觉; 直觉力: know sth by intuition 凭直觉了解某事物 * Nobody told me where to find you. It was sheer intuition. 没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你. 我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的. * Intuition told me you were here. 我凭直觉知道你在这儿.  2 [C] ~ (about sth/that...) piece of knowledge gained by this power 凭直觉感知的信息: I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels. 我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知. * I had an intuition that we would find them there. 我有一种直觉, 我们可以在那里找到他们. * My intuitions proved correct. 我的直觉确实是正确的.
intuitive
/ In5tju:ItIv; ?@ 5tu:-; In`tuItIv/ adj (a) of or coming from intuition 直觉的; 来自直觉的: intuitive knowledge 凭直觉知道 * an intuitive feeling (about sb), approach (to sth), assessment (of sth), etc （对某人）直觉的感觉、 （对某事）直觉的态度、 （对某事物）直觉的评价. (b) possessing intuition 有直觉力的: Are women more intuitive than men? 女子比男子的直觉力更强吗? 
intuitively 
adv: He seemed to know intuitively how to do it. 他似乎凭直觉知道如何做.
intumescence
/ 9Intju:5mesns; ?@ -tu:-; 9Intu`mZsns/ n [U, C] (medical 医) (process or condition of) swelling 隆起; 肿胀; 肿块; 疙瘩.
Inuit
= Innuit.
inundate
/ 5InQndeIt; `InQn9det/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(with sth) (fml 文) cover sth with water by overflowing; flood 泛滥; 淹没: When the river burst its banks the fields were inundated. 河岸决堤後, 田地遭洪水淹没.  2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fig 比喻) give or send sb so many things that he can hardly deal with them all; overwhelm 给予或交予某人很多事物使之难以应付; 使某人不胜负荷: We were inundated with enquiries. 查询的人很多, 我们应接不暇.
inundation
/ 9InQn5deIFn; 9InQn`deFEn/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) flooding 泛滥; 淹没.
inure
/ I5njUE(r); In`jJr/ v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (to sth) (fml 文) accustom oneself/sb (usu to sth unpleasant) 使自己[某人]习惯於（通常指厌恶的事物）: After living here for years I've become inured to the cold climate. 我在此地居住多年, 已习惯寒冷的气候. * One cannot inure oneself altogether to such malicious criticism. 谁也不能总是忍受这种恶意批评.
invade
/ In5veId; In`ved/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy it 武装进入（一国或一领地）; 侵犯; 侵入; 侵略: He ordered the army to invade at dawn. 他命令军队拂晓侵入该国. * Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army. 亚历山大大帝曾率领大军入侵印度. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) enter (sth) in large numbers, esp so as to cause damage; crowd into 涌入（某事物）（尤指为破坏）; 侵袭: The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body. 癌细胞可能侵袭身体的其他部分. * a city invaded by tourists 游客大批涌入的城市 * a mind invaded with worries, anxieties, etc 充满烦恼、 焦虑等的心境.  2 [Tn] interfere with (sth); intrude on 干扰（某事物）; 侵扰: invade sb's rights, privacy, etc 侵犯某人的权利、 隐私权等.
invader 
n person or thing that invades 侵入的人或物; 武装进入者; 侵犯者.
invalid
/ In5vAlId; In`vAlId/ adj  1 not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning 无适当根据的; 无道理的; 站不住脚的: an invalid argument, assumption, claim, etc 站不住脚的论据、 没有根据的假定、 没有道理的要求.  2 not usable; not officially acceptable (because of an incorrect detail or details); not legally recognized 无用的; 不能正式接受的; 法律上不承认的; 无效的: A passport that is out of date is invalid. 护照过期是无效的. * an invalid will 无效的遗嘱 * declare a marriage invalid 宣布一婚姻在法律上无效.
invalidate
/ In5vAlIdeIt; In`vAlE9det/ v [Tn] make (sth) invalid 使（某事物）无效或作废: faulty logic which invalidated her argument 造成她的论据不能成立的错误逻辑. invalidation/ In9vAlI5deIFn; In9vAlE`deFEn/ n [U] (action of) making sth invalid 无效; 作废: The making of false statements could result in the invalidation of the contract. 提供虚假资料可能导致合同失效.
invalidity
/ 9InvE5lIdEtI; 9InvE`lIdEtI/ n [U] state of being invalid 无根据; 无道理; 无用; 无效: the invalidity of his passport 他的护照之无效.
invalid
/ 5InvElId, 5InvEli:d; `InvElId/ n person weakened through illness or injury; one who suffers from ill health for a very long time 病弱者; 伤残者; 久病者: He has been an invalid all his life. 他终身残废. * [attrib 作定语] her invalid mother, father, etc 她那长期抱病的母亲、 父亲等 * an invalid diet, ie one planned for an invalid 伤病残者的规定饮食 * an invalid chair, ie one with wheels on for moving an invalid easily 轮椅.
invalid 
v  1 (idm 习语) invalid sb `home send sb (esp a soldier) home (esp from abroad) because of ill health （因健康恶劣）遣送某人（尤指士兵）回家（尤指回国）.  2 (phr v) invalid sb out (of sth) cause sb to leave (esp the armed forces) because of ill health （因健康恶劣）使某人离去, （尤指）退役: He was invalided out of the army because of the wounds he received. 他因负伤而退役.
invalidism
/ -IzEm; -9IzEm/ n [U] long-lasting ill health 久病体弱: a life of invalidism 久病的一生.
invalidity
/ 9InvE5lIdEtI; 9InvE`lIdEtI/ n [U] state of being an invalid 病弱; 伤残; 久病: [attrib 作定语] an invalidity pension 伤病残补助金.
invaluable
/ In5vAljUEbl; In`vAljJEbl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) of value too high to be measured; extremely valuable 价值高得无法估量的; 极宝贵的: an invaluable collection of paintings 珍品画的收藏 * invaluable help, advice, etc 宝贵的帮助、 意见等 * Your help has been invaluable to us. 你对我们的帮助是非常宝贵的.
invaluable
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A few adjectives have misleading `negative' affixes such as in- or -less. 有几个形容词带有貌似｀否定＇的词缀, 如in-或-less.  1 Invaluable means `extremely valuable'. *invaluable意思是｀极有价值的＇. It is not the opposite of valuable, which is valueless (or worthless). 这个词并不是valuable的反义词, valuable的反义词是valueless（或worthless）.  2 Priceless means `too valuable to be priced', ie `having a very high price'.*priceless意思是｀贵重得无法定出价格的＇, 即｀价格非常高的＇.  3 Innumerable and numberless mean `too many to be counted' or `very numerous'. *innumerable和numberless 意思是｀多得数不清的＇或｀极多的＇.  4 Flammable and inflammable have the same meaning (opposite: non-flammable). *flammable和inflammable意思一样, 是｀易燃的＇（反义词是: non-flammable｀不易燃的＇）.
invariable
/ In5veErIEbl; In`vZrIEbl/ adj never changing; always the same; constant 永不变的; 始终如一的; 恒定的: an invariable pressure, temperature, amount 恒定的压力、 温度、 数量 * a noun with an invariable plural 复数形式不变的名词 * his invariable courtesy 他那一贯的谦恭有礼. 
invariability
/ In9veErIE5bIlEtI; In9vZrIE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
invariably
/ In5veErIEblI; In`vZrIEblI/ adv: She invariably (ie always) arrives late. 她老是迟到.
invasion
/ In5veIVn; In`veVEn/ n (a) [U] invading or being invaded 侵略; 侵犯: suffer invasion by enemy forces 遭受敌军的侵犯 * the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939  1939年德国对波兰的侵略. (b) [C] instance of this 侵略; 侵犯: an outrageous invasion of privacy 对隐私权的粗暴侵犯.
invasive
/ In5veIsIv; In`vesIv/ adj tending to spread harmfully 有扩散危害的; 扩散性的; 蔓延性的: invasive cancer cells 扩散性癌细胞.
invective
/ In5vektIv; In`vZktIv/ n [U] (fml 文) violent attack in words; abusive language 猛烈抨击; 咒骂: a speech full of invective 大张挞伐的讲话 * let out a stream of invective 破口大骂.
inveigh
/ In5veI; In`ve/ v [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth (fml 文) attack sb or sth violently in words 痛骂; 痛斥; 猛烈抨击: inveigh against God, destiny, the elements, the system 亵渎上帝、 咒骂命运、 诅咒天气、 抨击该制度.
inveigle
/ In5veIgl; In`ve^l/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth persuade sb to go somewhere or do sth by using flattery and deception 引诱; 诱惑; 哄骗: She inveigled him into the house and robbed him while he slept. 她把他骗进房子, 趁他睡著时偷走了他的东西. * He inveigled them into buying a new car, even though they didn't really want one. 他诱惑他们买了一辆新汽车, 其实他们并不真正需要.
invent
/ In5vent; In`vZnt/ v [Tn]  1 make or design (sth that did not exist before); create by thought 发明; 创造: Laszlo Biro invented the ball-point pen. 拉斯洛·拜罗发明了圆珠笔. Cf 参看 discover 1.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) make up or think of (esp sth that does not exist or is not true) 虚构; 捏造; 胡编: Use an invented name, such as Anytown, not a real one. 瞎编个名字吧, 比方叫｀A城＇吧, 别用真名. * Can't you invent a better excuse than that? 你就不能编造一个高明些的藉口吗?
inventive
/ In5ventIv; In`vZntIv/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of or for invention 发明的; 创造的: using one's inventive powers 发挥自己的发明创造才能.  2 (approv 褒) having or showing the ability to invent things and think originally 善於发明创造的; 具有创造性思考能力的: an inventive mind 有发明创造力的头脑 * an inventive design 独创性的设计.
inventor 
n person who invents things 发明者; 发明家; 创造者.
invention
/ In5venFn; In`vZnFEn/ n  1 [U] (a) action of inventing 发明; 创造; 虚构; 捏造: the invention of radio by Marconi 马可尼对无线电的发明 * a story of one's own invention, ie invented by oneself 自己杜撰的故事. (b) capacity for inventing 发明或创造的才能; 虚构或捏造的能力. (c) (euph 婉) making up of untrue or unreal things; lying 虚构; 捏造; 造假; 撒谎: I'm afraid he is guilty of a good deal of invention. 我看他撒了很多谎.  2 [C] thing that is invented 发明物: the scientific inventions of the 20th century 20世纪的科技发明.  3 (idm 习语) necessity is the mother of invention => necessity.
inventory
/ 5InvEntrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `InvEn9tRrI/ n detailed list, eg of goods, furniture, jobs to be done 详细目录, 清单（如商品、 家具、 要做的事的单子）: keep/make a full, complete, careful inventory (of sth) 记录[开列]（某事物的）详尽的、 完整的、 仔细的清单.
inventory 
v (pt, pp -ried) [Tn] make an inventory of (sth); put in an inventory 列出（某事物）的清单; 编入目录: inventory the contents of a house 列出房子内各项物品的清单 * These items have not been inventoried yet. 这些物品尚未编入目录.
inverse
/ 9In5v\:s; In`v[s/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] reversed in position, direction or relation （位置、 方向或关系）相反的, 反向的: The number of copies the paper sells seems to be in ,inverse `ratio/pro`portion to the amount of news it contains, ie The more news, the fewer copies it sells. 这种报纸的销售量似乎与刊登的新闻多寡成反比（新闻越多, 销售量越少）.
inverse
/ 5Inv\:s; `Inv[s/ n the inverse [sing]  1 (esp mathematics 尤用於数学) inverted state 反数; 倒数: The inverse of 2 (2/1) is 1/2.  2（即2/1）的倒数是1/2.  2 direct opposite 相反; 颠倒; 反面: This is the inverse of his earlier proposition. 这和他早些时候提的建议截然相反.
inversely
/ In5v\:slI; In`v[slI/ adv: inversely proportional to each other 互成反比.
inversion
/ In5v\:Fn; ?@ In5v\:rVn; In`v[VEn/ n [U, C] (a) inverting or being inverted; instance of this 倒置; 倒转; 颠倒: (an) inversion of word order 词序的倒装. (b) (music 音) (arrangement of a) chord1 with a different note in the first or basic position 转位; 转回: A chord of C major with E in the bass is in the 1st inversion. 用E做最低音的C大调主和弦是第一转位.
invert
/ In5v\:t; In`v[t/ v [Tn] put (sth) upside down or in the opposite order, position or arrangement 使（某物）倒置、 倒转或颠倒: invert a glass 把玻璃杯倒过来 * invert the word order in a sentence 颠倒句中的词序.
inverted commas 
(Brit) quotation-marks, ie ` ' or `` '' 引号（｀ ＇或 " " ）. =>App 3 见附录3.
inverted snob 
(derog 贬) person who unnecessarily finds fault with things of good quality or things which suggest wealth or social superiority; one who wishes to prove that he is not a snob 反面势利眼（对高级物品横加挑剔的人; 想证明自己并非势利眼的人）. inverted `snobbery attitude or behaviour of such a person 反面势利眼的态度或行为.
invertebrate
/ In5v\:tIbreIt; In`v[tEbrEt/ n, adj (animal) not having a backbone or spinal column 无脊椎的（动物）: Molluscs, insects and worms are all invertebrates. 软体动物、 昆虫、 蠕虫都是无脊椎动物.
invest
/ In5vest; In`vZst/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest or bring profit 投资; 投资於: The best time to invest is now. 现在是投资的最佳时机. * invest 1000 (in government bonds) 投资1000英镑（於公债） * invest (one's money) in a business enterprise 把（自己的钱）投资於一企业 * invest (money) with a firm 向一公司投资.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth/doing sth give (time, effort, etc) to a particular task, esp in a way that involves commitment or self-sacrifice 为某任务付出（时间、 精力等）（尤指涉及承诺或自我牺牲的）: invest one's time in learning a new language 花时间学习一种新语言 * invest all one's efforts in passing an exam 为考试及格而全力以赴 * She's invested a lot of emotional energy in that business. 她为那事费尽心血.  3 [Ipr] ~ in sth (infml 口) buy sth expensive but useful 购买价钱高的有用之物: I'm thinking of investing in a new car. 我打算花一笔钱买辆新汽车.  4 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth/as sth) (fml 文) confer a rank, an office or power on sb 授予某人官阶、 职位或权力: The governor has been invested with full authority to act. 总督已获全权进行处理. * Prince Charles was invested as Prince of Wales in 1969. 查尔斯王子於1969年受封为威尔士亲王.  5 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sth (fml 文) cause sb/sth to have a quality 赋予某人[某事物]以某种性质: The crimes committed there invested the place with an air of mystery and gloom. 在那里发生罪案後, 该地笼罩上一种阴森诡秘的气氛.  6 [Tn] (dated 旧) surround (a fort, town, etc) with armed forces 包围（要塞、 城镇等）.
investment 
n  1 [U] ~ (in sth) investing of money 投资: make a profit by careful investment 谨慎投资以赚取利润.  2 [C] ~ (in sth) (a) sum of money that is invested 投资额: an investment of 500 in oil shares 金额为500英镑的石油股份投资. (b) company, etc in which money is invested 接受投资的公司等: Those oil shares were a good investment, ie have been profitable. 那些石油股票是有利可图的投资.  3 = investiture.
investor 
n person who invests money 投资者.
investigate
/ In5vestIgeIt; In`vZstE9^et/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tw] find out and examine (all the facts about sth) in order to obtain the truth 调查; 侦查: The police were baffled, and Sherlock Holmes was called in to investigate. 警方被难住了, 於是请福尔摩斯前来侦查. * Scientists are investigating to find out the cause of the crash/are investigating how the crash occurred. 科学家们正在调查失事的原因[事故是如何发生的]. * The police are investigating the murder. 警方正在调查那起凶杀案.  2 [Tn] find out detailed facts about (sb or his character) by questioning, observation, etc 审问; 审查: Applicants for government posts are always thoroughly investigated before being appointed. 申请担任政府公职的人总要经过彻底审查才能受到委任.  3 [Tn] try to discover (sth) by detailed study, research, etc 详细研究; 调查; 查明: investigate the market for a product, ways of increasing profits, etc 对某商品、 增加利润的方法等作市场调查 * We might be able to help you; I'll investigate the possibilities. 我们也许能帮助你, 我要研究一下这种可能性.  4 [I] (infml 口) make a brief check 作简短的检查: `What was that noise outside?' `I'll just go and investigate.' ｀外面是什麽声音?＇｀我去查看一下.＇
investigation
/ In9vestI5geIFn; In9vZstE`^eFEn/ n (a) [U] investigating or being investigated 调查研究: The matter is under investigation. 事情正在调查中. * It is subject to investigation, ie It must be investigated. 那事得进行调查. (b) [C] ~ (into sth) instance of this 调查研究: Scientists are conducting an investigation into the causes of the accident. 科学家们就事故的原因正展开调查. * carry out fresh investigations 重新调查.
investigative
/ In5vestIgEtIv; ?@ -geItIv; In`vZstE9^etIv/, investigatory / In5vestIgeItErI; ?@ -gEtR:rI; In`vZstE^E9tRrI/ adjs of or concerned with investigating 调查的; 侦查的; 审问的; 审查的: investigative/investigatory methods used by the police 警方采取的调查方式 * investigative journalism, ie in which reporters try to uncover important facts of public interest which have been concealed 调查性质的新闻报道（记者追查并揭露被掩饰的公众关心的重要事实）.
investigator
/ In5vestIgeItE(r); In`vZstE^etL/ n person who investigates 调查者; 侦查员; 审阅者; 审查者: accident investigators who find out the causes of air crashes 飞机失事原因的事故调查人员 * insurance investigators 保险事故调查人员.
investiture
/ In5vestItFE(r); ?@ -tFUEr; In`vZstEtFJL/ (also investment) n [U, C] ceremony of conferring an office, a rank or power on sb 对某人授职、 授衔或授权的仪式: the investiture of the Prince of Wales 册封威尔士亲王的仪式.
inveterate
/ In5vetErEt; In`vZtErEt/ adj (derog 贬)  1 (of bad feelings, habits, etc) that have lasted a long time and seem likely to continue （指恶感、 陋习等）根深蒂固的, 由来已久的: inveterate hatred, prejudice, drunkenness,etc 根深蒂固的仇恨、 由来已久的偏见、 长醉不醒的状态.  2 (of people) habitually doing the specified bad thing; addicted （指人）有恶习的, 成瘾的: an inveterate smoker, drinker, gambler, liar, etc 积习已久的烟鬼、 酒徒、 赌棍、 撒谎家等. 
inveterately 
adv.
invidious
/ In5vIdIEs; In`vIdIEs/ adj likely to cause resentment or unpopularity (esp because it is or seems to be unjust) 易招怨恨的, 引起不满的（尤因不公正）: an invidious comparison, distinction, argument, etc 招人反感的对比、 区分、 论证等 * You put me in an invidious position by asking me to comment on my colleague's work. 你要我评论同事的工作, 这无异置我於招人怨尤的境地. 
invidiously 
adv. 
invidiousness 
n [U].
invigilate
/ In5vIdVIleIt; In`vIdVE9let/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sth) (Brit) be present during (an examination) to make sure that it is properly conducted, that no cheating occurs, etc （在考场上）监考: invigilate (at) a history exam 监考历史.
invigilation
/ In9vIdVI5leIFn; In9vIdVI`leFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) invigilating or being invigilated 监考: pupils under invigilation 在监考中应考的学生.
invigilator
/ In5vIdVIleItE(r); In9vIdVI`letL/ n person who invigilates 监考人.
invigorate
/ In5vIgEreIt; In`vI^E9ret/ v [I, Tn] make (sb) feel more lively and healthy 使（某人）感觉健壮有精神: I feel invigorated by all this fresh air! 空气很清新, 我觉得精神焕发!
invigorating 
adj that invigorates 使人健壮; 使人有精神的: an invigorating climate, morning, swim, walk 使人爽快的气候、 早晨、 游泳、 散步. 
invigoratingly 
adv.
invincible
/ In5vInsEbl; In`vInsEbl/ adj too strong to be overcome or defeated 不能克服的; 不可战胜的; 不能征服的: an invincible army 不可战胜的军队 * (fig 比喻) an invincible will 坚强的意志. 
invincibility
/ In9vInsE5bIlEtI; In9vInsE`bIlEtI/ n [U]: the apparent invincibility of their forces 他们部队的凛然不可侵犯的气概. 
invincibly
/ In5vInsEblI; In`vInsEblI/ adv.
inviolable
/ In5vaIElEbl; In`vaIElEbl/ adj (fml 文) that must not be violated or dishonoured 不可侵犯的; 不可违背的; 不可亵渎的: The people possess inviolable rights. 人民享有不可侵犯的权利. * an inviolable oath, law,treaty 不容违背的誓言、 法律、 条约. 
inviolability
/ In9vaIElE5bIlEtI; In9vaIElE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
inviolably
/ In5vaIElEblI; In`vaIElEblI/ adv.
inviolate
/ In5vaIElEt; In`vaIElEt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) that has not been or cannot be violated or harmed 未受侵犯; 不可侵犯; 未受破坏; 不可破坏: The treaty remained/stood inviolate,ie was not broken. 没有违反该条约的现象. * They considered themselves inviolate from attack. 他们认为自己是不可侵犯的.
invisible
/ In5vIzEbl; In`vIzEbl/ adj  1 ~ (to sb/sth) that cannot be seen; not visible 看不见的; 不可见的: distant stars that are invisible to the naked eye, ie that cannot be seen except with a telescope or binoculars 肉眼看不到的遥远的星球.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) in the form of services (eg banking, insurance, tourism, etc) rather than goods or raw materials 服务业形式的（如银行、 保险、 旅游等）; 非贸易的; 无形的: invisible exports/trade 无形输出[贸易]. 
invisibility
/ In9vIzE5bIlEtI; 9InvIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
invisibly
/ In5vIzEblI; In`vIzEblI/ adv.
invisible ink 
ink which, when used for writing, cannot be seen until specially treated, eg by heat 隐形墨水（需经特殊处理方可显现字迹, 如加热）.
invisible mending 
repair of woven materials, etc by interweaving threads so that the repair is hardly noticeable 织补.
invite
/ In5vaIt; In`vaIt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to/for sth) (a) ask sb in a friendly way to go somewhere or do sth （朋友般地）邀请, 约请: `Are you coming to the party?' `No, I haven't been invited.' ｀你来参加聚会吗?＇｀不, 我没有受到邀请.＇ * invite sb for/to dinner/to have dinner 请某人吃饭 * invite sb home/to one's house 邀请某人到家中作客 * invite sb to a party/to come to a party 邀请某人参加聚会. (b) ask sb formally to go somewhere or do sth （正式地）邀请, 约请: Candidates will be invited for interview early next month. 下月初将约请候选人面试. * I've been invited to give a talk at the conference. 我已受邀在大会上发言.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) ask for (comments, suggestions, etc) 请求、 要求或徵求（意见、 建议等）: After his speech he invited questions and comments (from the audience). 他讲完话後请听众提问题和意见.  3 [Tn] act so as to be likely to cause (sth bad) usu without intending to 引起, 招致（坏的事物）（通常并非本意）: Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble! 汽车不锁上纯粹是自找麻烦! * behaviour that is sure to invite criticism, hostility, ridicule, etc 肯定招致批评、 敌视、 嘲笑等的行为.  4 [Tn, Cn.t] attract (sb/sth); tempt 吸引（某人[某事物]）; 引诱: Cover the jam! It's sure to invite the wasps. 盖上果酱瓶! 要不准得招黄蜂. * Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗户不关犹如开门揖盗.  5 (phr v) invite sb along ask sb to accompany one 邀某人作伴. invite sb away ask sb to go away with one, eg on holiday 邀某人同行（如度假）. invite sb back (a) ask sb to return with one to one's home 邀某人回自己家里（作客）: Shall we invite them back after the theatre? 看完戏我们把他们邀回家去好吗? (b) ask sb who has been one's host to come to one's home as a guest 回请（被人请後, 还请对方）. invite sb down ask sb to come for a visit at some distance, esp in the country or by the sea 邀请某人自远方来（尤指到乡间或海滨）: They've invited us down to their country cottage for the weekend. 他们邀请我们到他们的乡间小屋去度周末. invite sb in ask sb to enter a room, house, etc 请某人进入房间、 房子等. invite sb out ask sb to come out with one for a walk, a ride, entertainment, etc, esp for the purpose of courting 邀请某人一同出外散步、 骑马、 开车、 娱乐等（尤指为谈情说爱）. invite sb over/round ask sb to visit one's home 邀请某人到家中作客: I've invited the Smiths round for drinks next Friday. 我已邀请史密斯一家下周五来家中小酌. invite sb up ask sb to come upstairs 请某人上楼来.
invitation
/ 9InvI5teIFn; 9InvE`teFEn/ n  1 [U] inviting or being invited 邀请: a letter of invitation 邀请信 * Admission is by invitation only. 凭请柬入场.  2 [C] ~ (to sth/to do sth) request to go or come somewhere, or do sth 敦请某人去或来某处或做某事: send out invitations to a party 发出宴会请帖 * I gladly accepted their invitation to open the fete. 我愉快地接受了他们的邀请, 为义卖会主持开幕式. * [attrib 作定语] an invitation card 请帖.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ to sb/sth (to do sth) that which tempts or encourages sb to do sth 引诱、 鼓励或怂恿（某人做某事）的事物: An open window is an invitation to burglars/an invitation to crime. 窗户开著会引贼入室[引发窃案].
invite
/ 5InvaIt; `InvaIt/ n (infml 口) invitation, eg to a party 邀请（如赴宴）: Did you get an invite? 你接到邀请了吗?
inviting
/ In5vaItIN; In`vaItIN/ adj tempting; attractive 诱人的; 动人的: an inviting look, smell, prospect, idea 诱人的样子、 气味、 前景、 主意 * an inviting smile, place, meal 动人的微笑、 吸引人的场所、 诱人的美餐. 
invitingly 
adv.
invocation
=> invoke.
invoice
/ 5InvRIs; `InvRIs/ n ~ (for sth) (commerce 商) list of goods sold or services provided with the price(s) charged, esp sent as a bill 发票; 发货清单; 服务费用清单: make out an invoice for the goods 开发货清单.
invoice 
v (commerce 商)  1 [Tn] make a list of (such goods) 开（货物）的发票: invoice the orders, goods, etc 开定单、 货物等的发票.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth)/~ sth to sb send such a list to sb, esp as a request for payment 给某人开发票（尤指要求付款的）: invoice sb (for an order, for goods, etc) 给某人开（定单、 货物等的）发票.
invoke
/ In5vEUk; In`vok/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] use (sth) as a reason for one's action 援用（某事物）为行动依据或理由: The government has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having the book banned. 政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书.  2 [Tn] (a) call upon (God, the power of the law, etc) for help or protection 祈求（上帝）的保佑; 求助於（法律的力量等）. (b) summon (sth) up (as if) by magic （似）用法术召唤（某事物）: invoke evil spirits 用法术召来恶鬼.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) beg for sth (as if) by praying （似）以祷告祈求某事物: invoke help, assistance, etc in a desperate situation 在走投无路时祈祷求救、 求助等 * invoke vengeance (up)on one's enemies 求神降祸给敌人.
invocation
/ 9InvE5keIFn; 9InvE`keFEn/ n ~ (to sb) (a) [U] invoking or being invoked 援用; 求助於神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求. (b) [C] instance of this 援用; 求助於神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求.
involuntary
/ In5vClEntrI; ?@ -terI; In`vBlEn9tZrI/ adj done without intention; done unconsciously 非有意的; 无意的; 无意识的; 不自觉的: an involuntary movement of surprise, eg jumping when startled 因吃惊而引起的不自觉的动作（如吓得跳起来）. Cf 参看 voluntary1.
involuntarily
/ In5vClEntrElI; ?@ In9vClEn5terElI; In`vBlEn9tZrElI/ adv. 
involuntariness 
n [U].
involute
/ 5InvElu:t; `InvE9lut/ (also involuted) adj  1 complex or intricate 复杂的; 纷繁的.  2 (botany 植) (esp of leaves or petals in bud and of shells) curling inwards at the edges （尤指叶片或花蕾的瓣及甲壳）边缘向内卷曲的, 内卷的, 内旋的. 
involution
/ 9InvE5lu:Fn; 9InvE`luFEn/ n [U, C].
involve
/ In5vClv; In`vBlv/ v  1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] make (sth) necessary as a condition or result; entail 使（某事物）成为必要条件或结果; 需要: The scheme involves computers.这一设计离不开计算机. * The job involved me/my living in London. 工作需要我住在伦敦.  2 [Tn] include or affect (sb/sth) in its operation 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连（某人[某事物]）: The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工. * a situation in which national security is involved 涉及国家安全的形势.  3 [Cn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth in (doing) sth cause sb/sth to take part in (an activity or a situation) 使某人[某事物]参与某活动或陷入某情况: Don't involve me in solving your problems! 你解决你的问题, 不要把我拉进去! (b) ~ sb/sth in sth bring sb/sth into (a difficult situation) 使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）: involve sb in expense, a lot of trouble 使某人破费、 招惹许多麻烦 * He was involved in a heated argument. 他参与了一场激烈的争论. (c) ~ sb in sth show sb to be concerned in (a crime, etc) 表明某人与（某罪行等）有关联: The witness's statement involves you in the robbery. 证人的证词表明你与劫案有涉.
involved 
adj  1 complicated in thought or form （思想或形式上）复杂的: an involved sentence, explanation, style of writing, etc 复杂的句子、 解释、 文体等.  2 (a) ~ (in sth) concerned (with sth) （与某事物）有关联的: be/become/get involved in politics, criminal activities, etc 与政治、 犯罪活动等有关联. (b) ~ (with sb) (closely) connected (with sb) （与某人）有（密切）关系的: become emotionally involved with sb 与某人感情缠绵 * He sees her often but doesn't want to get too involved. 他常与她来往, 但不愿缱绻难分.
involvement 
n [U, C].
invulnerable
/ In5vQlnErEbl; In`vQlnErEbl/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) that cannot be wounded, hurt or damaged by attack 不能伤害的; 不能攻破的: a fortification that is invulnerable to attack 固若金汤的防御工事.  2 (fig 比喻) secure; safe 安全的; 保险的: in an invulnerableposition 立於不败之地. 
invulnerability
/ In9vQlnErE5bIlEtI; In9vQlnErE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
inward
/ 5InwEd; `InwLd/ adj  1 situated within; inner (esp in the mind or spirit) 内部的; 里面的; （尤指）内心的, 精神的: inward thoughts, feelings, doubts, etc 内心的思想、 感情、 怀疑等 * sb's inward nature 某人的心性.  2 turned towards the inside 向内的: an inward curve 向内的弧. Cf 参看 outward.
inward (also inwards) 
adv  1 towards the inside 向内: toes turned inwards 内曲的脚趾.  2 into or towards the mind or soul 进入内心或灵魂; 向内心或灵魂: thoughts turned inwards 转向内省的思想 * be inward-looking, ie introvert 性格内向. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.
inwardly 
adv  1 in mind or spirit 内心或精神方面: inwardly grateful, relieved, etc 内心铭感的、 解脱的等 * grieve inwardly, ie not show one's grief 内心痛苦（不表露出来）.  2 (idm 习语) groan inwardly => groan.
inwardness 
n [U] spiritual quality 本性; 心性; 灵性: the true inwardness of Christ's teaching 基督教训的真谛.
iodine
/ 5aIEdi:n; ?@ -daIn; `aIE9daIn/ n [U]  1 (chemistry 化) non-metallic element found in sea water and seaweed 碘. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 solution of this used as an antiseptic 碘酒; 碘酊.
iodize, iodise
/ 5aIEdaIz; `aIE9daIz/ v [Tn] treat (a substance) with iodine or a compound of iodine 用碘酒或碘剂处理（某物）.
IOM
abbr 缩写 = Isle of Man 马恩岛.
ion
/ 5aIEn; ?@ also 5aICn; `aICn/ n (chemistry or physics 化或物) electrically charged particle resulting from the breakdown of atoms through solution in water and making this solution a conductor of electricity 离子.
ionize, ionise
/ 5aIEnaIz; `aIEn9aIz/ v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be converted or convert (sth) into ions 电离; 使（某物）电离成离子. 
ionization, ionisation
/ 9aIEnaI5zeIFn; ?@ -nI5z-; 9aIEnE`zeFEn/ n [U].
-ion (also -ation, -ition, -sion, -tion, -xion) 
suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or condition of ...的动作或状态: confession * hesitation * competition.
Ionic
/ aI5CnIk; aI`CnIk/ adj (architecture 建) of the type of column(1) in ancient Greek architecture having scrolls on the capital1(3) 爱奥尼亚柱式的（古希腊建筑风格, 柱顶有涡卷形装饰）. Cf 参看 Corinthian 2, Doric.
ionosphere
/ aI5CnEsfIE(r); aI`BnE9sfIr/ n [sing] set of layers of the earth's atmosphere that reflect radio waves round the earth 电离层. Cf 参看 Heaviside layer, stratosphere.
iota
/ aI5EUtE; aI`otE/ n  1 the Greek letter I, i 希腊字母I, i.  2 (fig 比喻) (esp in negative expressions 尤用於否定式) smallest amount 极少量: not an iota of truth (ie no truth at all) in the story 所说的没有一点真事.
IOU
/ 9aI EU 5ju:; `aI9o`ju/ n (infml 口) (abbr of I owe you  I owe you的缩写) signed paper acknowledging that one owes the sum of money stated 借据; 欠条: give sb an IOU for 20 给某人开具借款20英镑的字据.
IOW
abbr 缩写 = Isle of Wight 怀特岛.
IPA
/ 9aI pi: 5eI; `aI9pi`e/ abbr 缩写 = International Phonetic Alphabet/Association 国际音标; 国际语音学协会.
ipso facto
/ 9IpsEU 5fktEU; `Ipso`fAkto/ (Latin 拉) (fml 文) by that very fact 就该事实而论: He was an outstanding pupil and, ipso facto, disliked by the rest of the class. 他是优秀的学生, 正因为这个缘故, 全班都不喜欢他.
IQ
/ 9aI 5kju:; 9aI `kju/ abbr 缩写 = intelligence quotient (a comparative measure of a person's intelligence) 智商: have a high/low IQ 智商高[低] * an IQ of 120 智商120.
ir-
=> in-.
IRA
/ 9aI B:r 5eI; 9aI Br `e/ abbr 缩写 = Irish Republican Army 爱尔兰共和军: an IRA attack 爱尔兰共和军的攻击 * a member of the IRA 爱尔兰共和军成员.
irascible
/ I5rAsEbl; I`rAsEbl/ adj (fml 文) (of a person) easily made angry （指人）易怒的, 性情暴躁的.
irascibility
/ I9rAsE5bIlEtI; I9rAsE`bIlEtI/ n [U] tendency to become angry; angry behaviour 易怒; 性情暴躁.
irascibly
/ I5rAsEblI; I`rAsEblI/ adv.
irate
/ aI5reIt; aI`ret/ adj (fml 文) angry 发怒的; 愤怒的. 
irately 
adv.
IRBM
/ 9aI B: bi: 5em; 9aI Br bi `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = intermediate-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹. Cf 参看 ICBM, MRBM.
ire
/ 5aIE(r); aIr/ n [U] (fml 文) anger 愤怒.
Dail E'ireann
/ 9dRIl 5eErEn; `dRIl `ZrEn/ (also the Dail) the legislative assembly of the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国的众议院.
iridescent
/ 9IrI5desnt; 9IrE`dZsnt/ adj (fml 文)  1 showing colours like those of the rainbow 彩虹色的.  2 changing colour as its position changes （因位置改动）变色的: jewels sparkling with iridescent colours 闪烁著奇光异彩的珠宝. 
iridescence
/ -5desns; -`dZsns/ n [U].
iridium
/ I5rIdIEm; I`rIdIEm/ n [U] (chemistry 化) hard white metallic element of the platinum group 铱. =>App 10 见附录10.
iris
/ 5aIErIs; `aIrIs/ n  1 (anatomy 解) coloured part round the pupil of the eye 虹膜. =>illus at eye 见eye插图.  2 any of various types of tall plant with sword-shaped leaves and large bright flowers 鸢尾属植物（株高, 叶呈剑状, 花大色艳）. Cf 参看 flag4. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.
Irish
/ 5aIErIF; `aIrIF/ adj of Ireland, its culture, language or people 爱尔兰的; 爱尔兰文化的; 爱尔兰语的; 爱尔兰人的: the Irish Republic, ie Eire 爱尔兰共和国.
Irish 
n  1 the Irish [pl] the Irish people 爱尔兰人.  2 (also Erse) [U] the Celtic language of Ireland 爱尔兰凯尔特语.
Irish coffee 
hot coffee mixed with whiskey and having thick cream on top 爱尔兰咖啡（掺威士忌和浓奶油的热咖啡）.
Irishman
/ -mEn; -mEn/, `Irishwoman ns (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/, -women / -9wImIn; -9wImIn/) native of Ireland 爱尔兰人.
Irish setter (also red setter) 
type of dog with a silky reddish-brown coat 爱尔兰猎狗（被毛光滑, 呈红棕色）.
Irish stew 
stew of mutton boiled with onions and other vegetables 炖羊肉（加洋葱及其他蔬菜）.
irk
/ \:k; [k/ v [Tn] (esp in constructions with it 尤与it连用) be tiresome to (sb); annoy 使（某人）厌烦; 使烦恼: It irks me to see money being wasted. 我看著浪费金钱就讨厌. * It irked him that she had thought of it first. 她竟先想到那件事, 为此他很不痛快.
irksome
/ 5\:ksEm; `[ksEm/ adj tiresome; annoying 令人厌烦的; 令人烦恼的: an irksome task 令人厌烦的工作 * irksome complaints 令人厌恶的牢骚.
iron
/ 5aIEn; ?@ 5aIErn; `aILn/ n  1 [U] (chemistry 化) common hard silver-white metallic element capable of being magnetized and used in various forms 铁: cast iron 铸铁 * wrought iron 熟铁 * scrap iron 废铁 * as hard as iron 铁一般的坚硬 * [attrib 作定语] iron ore, ie rock containing iron 铁矿石 * an iron bar, gate, railing, ie made of iron 铁棒、 铁门、 铁栏. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 [C] implement with a smooth flat base that can be heated to smooth clothes, etc 熨斗: a `steam-iron 蒸汽熨斗. =>illus 见插图.  3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) tool made of iron 铁制的工具: `fire-irons, ie poker, tongs, etc used at a fireplace * a `branding-iron, eg for marking cattle, etc. =>illus 见插图.  4 [C] golf-club with an iron or steel head （高尔夫球的）铁头球棒. Cf 参看 wood 4.  5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] metal splint or support worn on the leg （腿上用的）金属夹板或夹具.  6 irons [pl] fetters 镣铐: put/clap sb in irons, ie fasten his wrists and ankles in chains 给某人戴上镣铐.  7 [U] a preparation of iron as a tonic 铁质补剂.  8 [U, esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) (showing) physical strength or moral firmness or harshness 坚强; 刚强; 坚定; 冷酷: have an iron constitution, ie very good health 有钢铁般的强壮体魄 * a man of iron 铁汉 * have a will of iron/an iron will 有钢铁般的意志 * impose an iron rule, ie rule very strictly 施以铁腕.  9 (idm 习语) an ,iron ,fist/,hand in a ,velvet `glove an appearance of gentleness concealing severity, determination, etc 外柔内刚. have many, etc irons in the fire have many resources available or be involved in many undertakings at the same time 有多种现成手段; 同时参与很多事务. rule with a rod of iron => rule. strike while the iron is hot => strike2.
the Iron Age 
the prehistoric period following the Bronze Age, when iron began to be used for making tools and weapons 铁器时代.
the Iron Curtain 
(fig 比喻) the frontier separating the former USSR and other communist countries of Eastern Europe from the West, seen by the West as a barrier to information and trade 铁幕（从西方观点看前苏联及东欧共产党国家与西方之间在信息、 贸易等方面的屏障）: life behind the Iron Curtain 铁幕後的生活 * [attrib 作定语] Iron Curtain countries, ie countries of the former Soviet bloc 铁幕国家（即前苏联集团各国）.
iron foundry 
foundry where cast iron is produced 铸铁厂.
iron-grey 
adj, n (of the) colour of freshly broken cast iron 铁灰色（的）: ,iron-grey `hair 铁灰色的毛发.
iron lung 
metal case fitted over the whole body, except the head, to provide a person with prolonged artificial respiration by the use of mechanical pumps 铁肺; 人工呼吸器.
iron-mould (US iron-mold) 
n [U] brown mark caused by iron-rust or an ink-stain 铁锈迹; 墨迹.
iron rations 
small supply of (esp tinned) food to be used only in an emergency (by troops, explorers, etc) （部队或探险人员等的）应急口粮（尤指罐头食品）.
ironstone 
n [U]  1 (also ,ironstone `china) type of hard-wearing white pottery 硬质陶器; 坚质陶器.  2 hard iron ore 铁矿石.
ironware
/ -weE(r); -9wZr/ n [U] (esp domestic) articles made of iron （尤指家用的）铁制用具.
ironwork 
n [U] things made of iron, eg gratings, rails, railings 铁制品（如格栅、 铁轨、 栏杆）.
ironworks 
n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用]; (Brit) place where iron is smelted or where heavy iron goods are made 钢铁厂.
iron
/ 5aIEn; ?@ 5aIErn; `aILn/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn] smooth (clothes, etc) with an iron1(2) （用熨斗）熨平（衣物等）: This material irons well/easily, ie the creases come out quickly. 这种材料很好熨. * She was ironing (away) all evening. 她整个晚上都在熨衣服. * I prefer to iron my shirts while they are still damp. 我喜欢在衬衫尚潮湿时熨烫.  2 (phr v) iron sth out (a) remove sth by ironing 用熨烫方法去除某物: iron out creases 把皱褶熨平. (b) (fig 比喻) resolve sth by discussion 通过商讨解决: iron out misunderstandings, problems, difficulties, etc 消除误会、 解决问题、 排除困难.
ironing 
n [U]  1 action of smoothing clothes with an iron 熨烫.  2 clothes that need to be or have just been ironed 待烫的衣物; 刚熨好的衣物: do the ironing 熨衣服.
ironing-board 
n padded board, usu fitted with adjustable legs, on which clothes are ironed 熨衣板. =>illus at iron 见iron插图.
ironic
/ aI5rCnIk; aI`rBnIk/ (also ironical / aI5rCnIkl; aI`rBnIkl/) adj using or expressing irony; full of irony 用反语的; 有很多反语的; 讽刺的: an ironic expression, smile, remark etc, ie one showing that you do not expect to be taken seriously or literally 揶揄的表情、 微笑、 言语等 * His death gave an ironic twist to the story, eg because he died before he could enjoy the money he had stolen. 他这一死使整件事啼笑皆非（如偷了钱未及享用即已一命呜呼）.
ironically
/ -klI; -klI/ adv  1 in an ironic manner 用反语或讽刺的方式: He smiled ironically. 他微笑中带有讽刺意味.  2 it seems ironic (that) 具有讽刺意味的（是...）: Ironically, most people came to watch the match on the day it poured with rain. 老天爷好像成心捉弄人, 很多人前来看比赛却偏偏下起瓢泼大雨.
ironmonger
/ 5aIEnmQNgE(r); `aILn9mQN^L/ n (Brit) (US `hardware dealer) dealer in tools, householdimplements, etc 五金商人. 
ironmongery
/ -mQNgErI;-9mQN^ErI/ n [U] (Brit) (US hardware).
irony
/ 5aIErEnI; `aIrEnI/ n  1 [U] expression of one's meaning by saying the direct opposite of one's thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic, etc 反语; 反话: `That's really lovely, that is!' he said with heavy irony. ｀那真是可爱极了, 真的!＇他故意说反话.  2 [U, C] situation, event, etc that is desirable in itself but so unexpected or ill-timed that it appears to be deliberately perverse 有讽刺意味的情况、 事情等（其本身未始不可取, 但因出人意料或来非其时而似故意乖违）: the irony of fate 命运的嘲弄 * He inherited a fortune but died a month later; one of life's little ironies. 他继承一笔遗产後一个月就死了, 有点时乖命蹇吧.
irradiate
/ I5reIdIeIt; I`redI9et/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) send rays of light upon sth; subject sth to sunlight, ultraviolet rays or radioactivity 照耀某物; （用阳光、 紫外线或放射线）照射某物.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth with sth (fig 比喻) light up or brighten sth 使某事物生辉; 焕发: faces irradiated with joy 闪露著喜悦之光的脸.
irrational
/ I5rAFEnl; I`rAFEnl/ adj  1 not guided by reason; illogical or absurd 没有道理的; 不合逻辑的; 荒谬的: irrational fears, behaviour, arguments 荒唐无稽的恐惧、 行为、 论据.  2 not capable of reasoning 无理性的: behave like an irrational animal 表现得像无理性的野兽. 
irrationality
/ I9rAFE5nAlEtI; I9rAFE`nAlEtI/ n [U]. 
irrationally
/ I5rAFnElI; I`rAFEnlI/ adv.
irreconcilable
/ I5rekEnsaIlEbl, I9rekEn5saIlEbl; I`rZkEn9saIlEbl/ adj (fml 文) ~ (with sb/sth) (a) (of people) that cannot be reconciled （指人）不能和解的. (b) (of ideas, actions) that cannot be brought into harmony with each other （指思想、 行动）不能调和的: We can never agree  our views are irreconcilable. 我们永远不能一致--彼此的看法无法调和. 
irreconcilably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irrecoverable
/ 9IrI5kQvErEbl; 9IrI`kQvErEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be recovered or remedied 无法挽回的; 不能治愈的; 无法补救的: suffer irrecoverable losses, eg in business 遭受无法挽回的损失（如在商业中）. 
irrecoverably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irredeemable
/ 9IrI5di:mEbl; 9IrI`dimEbl/ adj  1 (finance财) (a) (of government annuities, bonds, shares, etc) that cannot be terminated by repayment （指政府年金, 债券、 股票等）不能藉偿还而终止的. (b) (of paper money) that cannot be exchanged for money in coins （指纸币）不能兑成硬币的.  2 (fml 文) that cannot be restored, reclaimed or saved 不能恢复的; 不能收回的; 不能挽救的: an irredeemable loss, misfortune, etc 不能挽救的损失、 不幸等. 
irredeemably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv (fml 文).
irreducible
/ 9IrI5dju:sEbl; ?@ -5du:s-; 9IrI`dusEbl/ adj (fml 文)  1 that cannot be reduced or made smaller 不能减低的; 不能缩小的: Expenditure on road repairs has been cut to an irreducible minimum. 修路费已削减到不能再减的最低限度了.  2 that cannot be made simpler 不可简化的: a problem of irreducible complexity 复杂性不可简化的问题. 
irreducibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irrefutable
/ 9IrI5fju:tEbl, also I5refjUtEbl; 9IrI`fjutEbl,I`rZfjJtEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be proved false 驳不倒的: an irrefutable argument 无法反驳的论点 * irrefutable evidence, proof, etc 无法推翻的证据、 证明等. 
irrefutably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: irrefutably the greatest living violinist 当今无可争议的最伟大的小提琴家.
irregular
/ I5regjUlE(r); I`rZ^jElL/ adj ~ (in sth)  1 not regular in shape, arrangement, etc; uneven （形状）不规则的; （安排）无规律的; 不平坦的: a coast with an irregular outline, eg with many bays, inlets, etc 曲折的海岸线（如有很多的海湾等）.  2 not happening, coming, going, etc regularly; varying or unequal （发生、 来、 去等）无规律的; 变化的; 不均等的: an irregular pulse 不均匀的脉搏 * occur at irregular intervals 不定期发生 * be irregular in attending class 听课次数不定.  3 contrary to the rules or to what is normal or established 不规则的; 不合常规的; 非正规的: an irregular practice, situation 不合常规的做法、 情况 * keep irregular hours, eg get up and go to bed at unusual times 不守常时（如不於正常时间起床和入睡） * His behaviour is highly irregular. 他的行为很不规矩.  4 (grammar) not inflected in the usual way 不规则（变化）的: `Child' has an irregular plural, ie `children'. Child一词的复数形式不规则, 即children. * irregular verbs 不规则动词. =>App 2 见附录2.  5 (of troops) not belonging to the regular armed forces （指部队）非正规的.
irregular 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) member of an irregular military force 非正规军成员.
irregularity
/ I9regjU5lrEtI; 9IrZ^jE`lArEtI/ n  1 [U] state or quality of being irregular 不整齐; 不平坦; 无规律; 不规则; 不合常规.  2 [C] thing that is irregular 不整齐、 不平坦、 无规律、 不规则或不合常规的事物: the irregularities of the earth's surface 地球表面的凹凸不平 * There were some irregularities in the accounts, eg figures that were not correct. 帐目中有些出入（如数字不确）.
irregularly 
adv.
irrelevant
/ I5relEvEnt; I`rZlEvEnt/ adj ~ (to sth) not connected (with sth); not relevant (to sth) （与某事物）不相关的, 无关系的; 不切题的: irrelevant remarks 不相关的言语 * What you say is irrelevant to the subject. 你说的话不切题.
irrelevance
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] state of being irrelevant 不相关; 无关系; 不切题.
irrelevancy
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n  1 [U] = irrelevance.  2 [C] irrelevant remark, question, etc 不相干的言语、 问题等: Let us ignore these irrelevancies. 咱们不必管这些不相干的事.
irrelevantly 
adv.
irreligious
/ 9IrI5lIdVEs; 9IrI`lIdVEs/ adj feeling no interest in, or feeling hostile to, religion; irreverent 漠视宗教的; 敌视宗教的; 不虔敬的: an irreligious act, person 反宗教的行为、 人.
irremediable
/ 9IrI5mi:dIEbl; 9IrI`midIEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be remedied or corrected 无可救药的; 不能补救的; 无法改正的: an irremediable loss, mistake 无法补救的损失、 错误. 
irremediably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irremovable
/ 9IrI5mu:vEbl; 9IrI`muvEbl/ adj that cannot be removed 不能移动的; 不能除去的.
irreparable
/ I5repErEbl; I`rZpErEbl/ adj (of a loss, an injury, etc) that cannot be put right, restored or repaired （指损失、 伤害等）不可弥补的, 无法恢复的, 不能修补的: irreparable damage, harm, etc 无法修复的损坏、 无可弥补的伤害. 
irreparably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irreplaceable
/ 9IrI5pleIsEbl; 9IrI`plesEbl/ adj that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged （若失掉或损坏时）不能替代的: an irreplaceable antique vase, the only one of its kind 一件举世无双、 独一无二的古花瓶.
irrepressible
/ 9IrI5presEbl; 9IrI`prZsEbl/ adj that cannot be held back or controlled 不能抑制的; 不能控制的: irrepressible laughter, envy, high spirits, etc 情不自禁的笑声、 羡慕、 高昂情绪等 * You cannot keep her quiet for long; she's irrepressible! 想让她多安静会儿可办不到, 她总是欢蹦乱跳的! 
irrepressibly
/ -EblI;-EblI/ adv.
irreproachable
/ 9IrI5prEUtFEbl; 9IrI`protFEbl/ adj freefrom blame or fault 无可指责的; 无过失的: irreproachable conduct 无可指责的行为. 
irreproachably
/ -EblI;-EblI/ adv.
irresistible
/ 9IrI5zIstEbl; 9IrI`zIstEbl/ adj  1 too strong tobe resisted （强大得）不可抵抗的: an irresistible temptation,urge, impulse, etc 无法抗拒的诱惑、 强烈愿望、 冲动等 * His arguments were irresistible. 他的论据是无从反驳的.  2 too delightful or attractive to be resisted （因讨人喜爱或吸引人）使人不能自己的: On such a hot day, the sea was irresistible, ie We couldn't resist the desire to swim in it. 天这麽热, 我们不禁要下海游泳. * With her beauty, wit and charm, he found her irresistible. 她漂亮、 聪明、 帅气, 他不由得一见倾心. 
irresistibly
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irresolute
/ I5rezElu:t; I`rZzE9lut/ adj (fml 文) feeling or showing uncertainty; hesitating 优柔寡断的; 犹豫不决的. 
irresolutely 
adv. 
irresolution
/ I9rezE5lu:Fn;9IrZzE`luFEn/ n [U].
irrespective
/ 9IrI5spektIv; 9IrI`spZktIv/ irrespective of prep not taking account of or considering (sth/sb) 不顾或不考虑（某事物[某人]）: The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, creed or colour. 法律适用於所有的人, 不分种族、 信仰或肤色.
irresponsible
/ 9IrI5spCnsEbl; 9IrI`spBnsEbl/ adj (of people, actions, etc) not showing a proper sense of responsibility （指人、 行为等）不负责任的, 没有责任感的: an irresponsible child 没有责任感的孩子* irresponsible behaviour 不负责任的行为 * It is irresponsible of you not to prepare students for their exams. 你不帮助学生准备考 试就是不负责. Cf 参看 responsible 4. 
irresponsibility
/ 9IrI9spCnsE5bIlEtI; 9IrI9spBnsE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
irresponsibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irretrievable
/ 9IrI5tri:vEbl; 9IrI`trivEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be retrieved or remedied 不可挽回的; 不能补救的: an irretrievable loss 不可弥补的损失 * The breakdown of their marriage was irretrievable. 他俩婚姻破裂, 已无法和好如初. 
irretrievably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irreverent
/ I5revErEnt; I`rZvErEnt/ adj feeling or showing no respect for sacred things （对神圣之物）不敬的. 
irreverence
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
irreverently 
adv.
irreversible
/ 9IrI5v\:sEbl; 9IrI`v[sEbl/ adj that cannot be reversed or revoked; unalterable 不能反转的; 不能撤销的; 不能更改的: He suffered irreversible brain damage in the crash. 他在事故中大脑受伤无法治愈. 
irreversibly
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irrevocable
/ I5revEkEbl; I`rZvEkEbl/ adj (fml 文) that cannot be changed or revoked; final 不能改变的; 不能撤回的; 不能取消的; 最後确定性的: an irrevocable decision, judgement, etc 不可改变的决定、 判决等 * (finance 财) an irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证. 
irrevocably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irrigate
/ 5IrIgeIt; `IrE9^et/ v [Tn]  1 supply (land or crops) with water (by means of streams, reservoirs, channels, pipes, etc) 灌溉（田地或作物）: irrigate desert areas to make them fertile 灌溉荒芜地区使之肥沃.  2 (medical 医) wash (a wound, etc) with a constant flow of liquid 冲洗（伤口等）.
irrigable
/ 5IrIgEbl; `IrI^Ebl/ adj that can be irrigated 可灌溉的; 可冲洗的.
irrigation
/ 9IrI5geIFn; 9IrE`^eFEn/ n [U]: [attrib 作定语] an irrigation project 灌溉工程 * irrigation canals 灌溉渠.
irritable
/ 5IrItEbl; `IrEtEbl/ adj easily annoyed or made angry; touchy 急躁的; 易怒的; 暴躁的. 
irritability
/ 9IrItE5bIlEtI; 9IrEtE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
irritably
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
irritant
/ 5IrItEnt; `IrEtEnt/ adj causing irritation; irritating 有刺激性的; 刺激的: a substance that is irritant to sensitive skins 对敏感的皮肤有刺激性的物质.
irritant 
n (a) substance that irritates, eg pepper in the nose 刺激物（如呛到鼻子里的胡椒）. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that annoys 令人烦恼的事物: The noise of traffic is a constant irritant to city dwellers. 车辆的噪音对城市居民是永无止境的骚扰.
irritate
/ 5IrIteIt; `IrE9tet/ v [Tn]  1 make (sb) angry, annoyed or impatient 使（某人）愤怒、 烦恼或急躁: irritated by/at the delay 受耽搁而恼怒 * It irritates me to have to shout to be heard. 我得大嚷大叫别人才能听见, 我为此十分不快.  2 (a) (biology 生) cause discomfort to (a part of the body) 使（身体某部）不适; 刺激: Acid irritates the stomach lining. 酸能刺激胃黏膜. (b) make sore or inflamed 使疼痛或发炎: The smoke irritates my eyes. 烟熏得我眼睛发痛.
irritation
/ 9IrI5teIFn; 9IrE`teFEn/ n (a) [U] irritating or being irritated 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎 . (b) [C] instance of this 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎.
irruption
/ I5rQpFn; I`rQpFEn/ n [C] (fml 文) ~ (into sth)sudden and violent entry; bursting in 突然冲入; 闯入: the irruption of a noisy group of revellers 参加欢宴的喧闹人群一涌而入.
is
=> be.
Is
abbr 缩写 = Island(s); Isle(s): (the) Windward Is, ie Islands 向风群岛 * (the) British Is, ie Isles 不列颠群岛. Cf 参看 I abbr 缩写.
is(o)-
comb form 构词成分 equal 相同; 相等: isobar * isometric.
ISBN
/ 9aI es bi: 5en; 9aI Zs bi `Zn/ abbr 缩写 = International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号: ISBN 0 19 861131 5, eg on the cover of a book  ISBN 0 19 861131 5（如印於书皮上的字样）.
ISD
/ 9aI es 5di:; 9aI Zs `di/ abbr 缩写 = international subscriber dialling 国际电话用户拨号服务.
-ise
=> -ize.
-ize, -ise
suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词)  1 become or make like 成为...; 使像...; 使...化: dramatize * miniaturize.  2 act or treat with the qualities of 以...方式处理或对待: criticize * deputize.  3 place in 置於: containerize * hospitalize. 
-ization, -isation 
(forming ns 用以构成名词): immunization. 
-izationally, -isationally 
(forming advs 用以构成副词): organizationally.
-ise, -ize
NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 In some words ending with the sound/ aIz; aIz/ -ize and -ise are equally acceptable spellings 有些字的字尾读音为/ aIz; aIz/, 其拼写法作-ize和-ise均可: emphasize/emphasise, criticize/criticise. -ise is more common in British than in US English. *-ise的拼法在英式英语中比在美式英语中常见. In this dictionary both spellings are shown when both are possible. 在两种拼法皆可时, 本词典将之一并列出.  2 There are some words which, because of their origin, are always spelt with -ise 有些字, 因字源关系, 一向拼作 -ise: advertise (US also advertize), advise, comprise, despise, exercise, etc.  3 Some people criticize the over-use of -ize or -ise to form words such as burglarize (= `burgle') or hospitalize (= `send to hospital'). 有些人批评滥用 -ize或 -ise造字的现象, 如burglarize(= burgle)或hospitalize (= send to hospital).
-ish
suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) (language or people) of the specified nationality 某国家或某民族（语言或民族）: Danish * Irish.  2 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) of the nature of; resembling ...性的; ...一样的; 像...似的: childish * bookish * stand-offish.  3 (with adjs 与形容词结合) somewhat; approximately 稍为...的; 有点儿...的: reddish * twentyish. > -ishly (with sense 2 forming advs 按上述第2义构成副词).
isinglass
/ 5aIzINglB:s; ?@ -glAs; `aIzIN9^lAs/ n [U]clear white jelly from the air bladders of some freshwaterfish, used for making jellies, glue, etc 鱼胶（用鱼鳔制成, 可制果冻及胶水等）.
Islam
/ Iz5lB:m; ?@ 5IslB:m; `IslBm/ n  1 [U] Muslimreligion, based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad伊斯兰教; 回教.  2 [sing] all Muslims; all the Muslim world （全体）伊斯兰教徒, 回教徒; 伊斯兰世界. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian. 
Islamic
/ Iz5lmIk; US Is5lB:mIk; Is`lBmIk/ adj.
island
/ 5aIlEnd; `aIlEnd/ n  1 (abbrs 缩写 I, Is) piece of land surrounded by water 岛: a group of tropical islands 在热带的一些岛上 * [attrib 作定语] The Shetlanders are an island race. 设得兰人是岛屿民族.  2 = traffic island (traffic).
islander 
n person living on an island, esp a small or an isolated one 岛民, 岛上居民（尤指小岛或孤岛上的）.
isle
/ aIl; aIl/ n (abbrs 缩写 I, Is) (esp in poetry and proper names 尤用於诗歌和专有名词中) island 岛: the Isle of Wight 怀特岛 * the British Isles 不列颠群岛.
islet
/ 5aIlIt; `aIlIt/ n small island 小岛.
ism
/ 5IzEm; `IzEm/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) any distinctive doctrine or practice 主义; 学说; 制度: behaviourism and all the other isms of the twentieth century 二十世纪的行为主义及一切其他学说.
-ism
suff 後缀  1 (with vs ending in -ize forming ns 与以-ize结尾的动词结合构成名词): baptism * criticism.  2 (a) (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) showing qualities typical of 表现有...的典型特徵、 特性或状态: heroism * Americanism. (b) (with proper ns forming uncountable ns 与专有名词结合构成不可数名词) doctrine, system or movement 主义、 学说、 体系或运动: Buddhism * Communism. (c) (with ns 与名词结合) medical condition or disease 病的状态; 疾病: alcoholism. (d) (with ns 与名词结合) practice of showing prejudice or discrimination because of 因...的偏见或歧视: sexism * racism.
isn't
=> be.
ISO
/ 9aI es 5EU; 9aI Zs `o/ abbr 缩写 = International Standardization/Standards Organization 国际标准化组织. Cf 参看 ASA 2, BSI.
isobar
/ 5aIsEbB:(r); `aIsE9bBr/ n line on a map, esp a weather chart, joining places with the same atmospheric pressure at a particular time 等压线.
isolate
/ 5aIsEleIt; `aIsl9et/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr]  1 ~sb/sth (from sb/sth) put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth 使某人[某事物]与他人他事物完全隔离; 孤立某人[某事物]: isolate a problem, ie in order to deal with it separately 将一问题剔出（以便单独处理） * When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually isolated (from other people). 人患传染病时通常要（与他人）隔离. * Several villages have been isolated by heavy snowfalls. 下过大雪後有几个村子与外界隔绝了.  2 ~ sth (from sth) (chemistry 化) separate (a single substance, germ, etc) from its combination with others 将（某物质、 细菌等）从其种群中离析或分离出来: Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic. 科学家们已分离出引起这种流行病的病毒.
isolated 
adj  1 separate; single or unique 隔离的; 分离的; 孤立的; 单独的; 独一无二的: an isolated outbreak of smallpox 局部地区的天花病突发 * an isolated case, instance, occurrence, etc 个别的事例、 例子、 现象等.  2 standing alone; solitary 孤立的; 孤独的: an isolated building 独立的建筑物 * lead an isolated existence, eg as a lighthouse-keeper 过著与世隔绝的生活（如灯塔看守人）.
isolation
/ 9aIsE5leIFn; 9aIsl`eFEn/ n [U]  1 ~ (from sb/sth) isolating or being isolated 隔离; 脱离; 分离; 孤立.  2 (idm 习语) in isolation (from sb/sth) separately; alone 单独地; 独自地; 个别地: examine each piece of evidence in isolation, ie without considering the others 分别审查每一证据（不考虑与其他证据的关系） * Looked at in isolation, these facts are not encouraging. 孤立地看, 这些事实并不乐观.
isolation hospital, isolation ward 
hospital or ward for people with infectious diseases 隔离病院; 隔离病房.
isolationism
/ 9aIsE5leIFEnIzEm; 9aIsl`eFEnIzm/ n [U] ~ (from sth) policy of not participating in the affairs of other countries or groups 孤立主义.
isolationist
/ -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n, adj (person) supporting isolationism 孤立主义的; 孤立主义者.
isometric
/ 9aIsE5metrIk; 9aIsE`mZtrIk/ adj  1 having equal dimensions and measurements 有相等的量度的;等量的.  2 (in physiology) (of muscle action) contractingand developing tension while the muscle is prevented from shortening （生理学上）（指肌肉运动）提高肌张力而肌肉不缩短的.  3 (of a drawing, etc) without perspective, so that lines along the three axes are of equal length （指图样等）等长的, 等角的, 等距的.
isomorph
/ 5aIsEmR:f; `aIsE9mRrf/ n substance or organism with the same form or structure as another 同形体; 同晶体. 
isomorphic
/ 9aIsE5mR:fIk; 9aIsE`mRrfIk/ (also isomorphous / 9aIsE5mR:fEs; 9aIsE`mRrfEs/) adj.
isosceles
/ aI5sCsEli:z; aI`sBsl9iz/ adj (geometry 几) (of a triangle) having two sides equal in length （指三角形）二等边的, 等腰的. =>illus at triangle 见triangle插图.
isotherm
/ 5aIsEW\:m; `aIsE9W[m/ n line on a map joining places that have the same average temperature 等温线.
isotope
/ 5aIsEtEUp; `aIsE9top/ n one of two or more forms of a chemical element with different atomic weight and different nuclear properties but the same chemical properties 同位素: radioactive isotopes, ie unstable forms of atoms used in medicine and industry 放射性同位素（用於医学和工业）.
issue
/ 5IFu:, 5Isju:; `IFJ/ n  1 (a) [U] outgoing; outflow 放出; 发出; 流出: the place/point of issue 发出地[点]. (b) [sing] instance of flowing out 放出; 发出; 流出: an issue of blood, eg from a wound 流血（如自伤口流出）.  2 (a) [U] supply and distribution of items for use or sale 发出; 分发: buy new stamps on the day of issue 於邮票发行日购买新邮票 * the issue of rifles and ammunition to troops 发给部队枪枝弹药 * the issue of a new edition of this dictionary 这部词典的新版本的出版. (b) [C] number, quantity or set of items supplied and distributed at one time 一次发出、 分发的数量或一套: a special issue of stamps/ banknotes/ shares 特别发行的邮票[钞票/股票] * emergency issues of blankets to refugees 向难民紧急发放的毛毯. (c) [C] one of a regular series of publications （出版物的）期号: the July issue, eg of a magazine 七月号（如杂志的）.  3 [sing] (fml 文) result or outcome 结果; 结局: await the issue 等待结果 * bring a campaign to a successful issue 使一活动获得良好结果.  4 [C] important topic for discussion; point in question 重要的议题; 争论点; 争端: a vital, political, topical, etc issue 重大的、 政治的、 时事的...问题 * debate an issue 辩论一问题 * raise a new issue 提出新议题 * evade/avoid the issue 回避该问题 * confuse the issue 混淆该问题.  5 [U] (law 律) children considered as part of one's family 子女; 子孙: die without issue, ie childless 身故无後.  6 (idm 习语) (the matter, point, etc) at issue (the matter, point, etc) being discussed or debated 讨论或争议中的（问题、 争论点等）: What's at issue here is the whole future of the industry. 争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景. force the issue => force2. make an issue (out) of sth treat (a minor matter) as if it needed serious discussion like a major matter （像对待大事一样）处理（小事）: It's only a small disagreement,  let's not make an issue of it. 那仅仅是个小小的分歧--咱们别小题大作了. take issue with sb (about/ on/ over sth) proceed to disagree or argue with sb (about sth) （就某事）向某人提出异议或与某人争论.
issue 
v (fml 文)  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from sth; ~ out/forth (from sth) come, go or flow out 出来; 出去; 流出: blood issuing from a wound 从伤口流出的血 * smoke issuing (forth) from a chimney 从烟囱中冒出的烟.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb)/sb with sth supply or distribute sth to sb for use 将某物发给、 供给或分配给某人使用: issue visas to foreign visitors 给外国游客签证 * issue warm clothing to the survivors 给幸存者分发御寒衣物 * issue them with warm clothing 发给他们御寒衣物.  3 [Tn] publish (books, articles, etc) or put into circulation (stamps, banknotes, shares, etc) 出版或发表（书、 文章等）; 发行（邮票、 钞票、 股票等）.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send sth out; make sth known 发出; 颁布; 公布: issue orders, instructions, etc 发布命令、 指示等 * The minister issued a statement to the press. 部长向新闻界发表声明.  5 [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) result or be derived from sth 由某事物得出或产生.
-ist
suff 後缀  1 (with vs ending in -ize forming ns 与以-ize结尾的动词结合构成名词): dramatist * publicist.  2 (with ns ending in -ism 与以-ism结尾的名词结合) believer in; practiser of ...的信仰者; ...主义者; ...实行者: atheist * socialist.  3 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) person concerned with 从事...的人; ...专业人员: physicist * motorist * violinist.
-ist
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ist and -ite form nouns indicating people who have certain beliefs. *-ist-ite都可用以构成名词, 指有某种信仰的人. -ist suggests a strong belief in a theory, religion, etc *-ist指对某学说、 宗教等有坚定信念的人: She's a convinced Marxist, Buddhist, etc. 她是坚定的马克思主义者、 佛教徒等. Nouns with -ite generally indicate a follower of someone or a member of a group. *-ite型的名词一般指某人的追随者或某集团的成员. They are often used in a derogatory way 这类名词常用於贬义: a committee full of Unionites, Thatcherites, etc 主要由工会成员、 撒切尔夫人的支持者等组成的委员会.
isthmus
/ 5IsmEs; `IsmEs/ n (pl ~es) narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land that would otherwise be separated by water 地峡: the Isthmus of Panama 巴拿马地峡.
it
/ It; It/ pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject or object of a v or after a prep 用作动词的主体或宾语或用於介词之後)  1 (a) animal or thing mentioned earlier or being observed now 它: `Where's your car?' `It's in the garage.' ｀你的汽车在哪儿呢?＇｀在车库里＇. * Did you hit it? 你打中了吗? * Fill a glass with water and dissolve this tablet in it. 倒杯水把药片放进去溶解了. * We've got 500. Will it be enough for a deposit? 我们有500英镑了. 够不够作押金的? (b) baby, esp one whose sex is not known or unimportant 他（指婴儿, 尤指性别不详或无所谓时）: Her baby's due next month. She hopes it will be a boy. 她怀的孩子该下月出生. 她希望是个男孩儿. * The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night. 隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不著觉. 他整夜哭个没完.  2 fact or situation already known or implied （已知的或暗含的）事实或情况: When the factory closes, it (ie this event) will mean 500 redundancies. 工厂一旦关闭, 那就意味著要有500人遭遣散. * Yes, I was at home on Sunday. What about/of it? 是啊, 我星期天在家来著. 怎麽了?  3 (used to identify a person 用以确定一人的身分): It's the milkman. 那是送牛奶的. * It's Peter on the phone. 是彼得打来的电话. * Was it you who put these books on my desk? 是你把这些书放到我桌上的吗?  4 (idm 习语) this/that is `it (a) this/that is what is required 这[那]正是所需要的: We've been looking for a house for months and I think this is it. 我们找房子已经找了好几个月了, 我看这所就是我们要找的. (b) this/that is the reason for the lack of success 这[那]正是未能成功的原因: That's just it  I can't work when you're making so much noise. 原因就在这里--你弄出这麽大的声音, 我工作不了. (c) this/that is the end 这[那]就是终结: I'm afraid that's it  we've lost the match. 我看到此为止了--这场比赛我们已经输了.
its
/ Its; Its/ possess det of or belonging to a thing, an animal or a baby 它的, 他的（指事物、 动物或幼儿）: We wanted to buy the table but its surface was damaged. 我们想买那张桌子, 可惜桌面残了. * Have you any idea of its value? 你知道这东西的价值吗? * The dog was howling  its paw was hurt. 那条狗在嗥叫--它的爪子受伤了. * The baby threw its food on the floor. 那个小孩儿把食物扔到地上了.
it
/ It; It/ pron  1 (used in the normal subject or object position to indicate that a longer subject or object has been placed at the end of a sentence 作长的主语或宾语的先行代词): It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks. 两位领导人好像在举行秘密会谈. * Does it matter what colour it is? 是什麽颜色有关系吗? * It's impossible (for us) to get there in time. （我们）不可能及时赶到那里. * It's no use shouting. 叫喊并没有用. * She finds it boring staying/to stay at home. 她觉得待在家中很无聊. * I find it strange that she doesn't want to travel. 她竟不想旅游, 我觉得很奇怪.  2 (used in the normal subject position to make a statement about time, distance or weather 指时间、 距离或天气时作句中主语): It's ten past twelve. 现在十二点十分. * It's our anniversary. 今天是我们的周年纪念. * It's two miles to the beach. 离海滨有两英里远. * It's a long time since they left. 他们走後很久了. * It was raining this morning. 今晨下雨来著. * It's quite warm at the moment. 现在天气很暖和. * It's stormy out at sea. 海上有风暴.  3 circumstances or conditions; things in general 环境或情况; 泛指的事物: If it's convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的话, 我明天可以见你. * It's getting very competitive in the car industry. 汽车工业方面的竞争日益加剧.  4 (used to emphasize any part of a sentence 用以强调句中任何部分): It's `Jim who's the clever one. 聪明的是吉姆. * It's `Spain that they're going to on holiday. 他们假日要去的地方是西班牙. * It was three weeks `later that he heard the news. 三个星期以後他才听到这消息.
IT
/ 9aI 5ti:; 9aI `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) InformationTechnology.
it'd
/ 5ItEd; `ItEd/ contracted form 缩约式  1 it had => have.  2 it would => will1, would2.
it'll
/ 5Itl; `Itl/ contracted form 缩约式 it will => will1.
it's
/ Its; Its/ contracted form 缩约式  1 it is => be.  2 it has => have.
ita
/ 9aI ti: 5eI; 9aI ti `e/ abbr 缩写 = initial teaching alphabet (a partially phonetic system used to teach reading) 启蒙教学字母.
Italian
/ I5tAlIEn; I`tAljEn/ adj of Italy, its culture, language or people 意大利的; 意大利文化的; 意大利语的; 意大利人的.
Italian 
n native of Italy 意大利人.
Italianate
/ I5tAljEneIt; I`tAljEn9et/ adj of Italian style or appearance 意大利风格的; 意大利式的.
italic
/ I5tAlIk; I`tAlIk/ adj  1 (of printed letters) sloping forwards （指印刷字母）斜体的: This sentence is in italic type. 本句是用斜体字印刷的. Cf 参看 roman 3.  2 of or for a compact pointed style of handwriting （书写）斜体的: write in italic script 用斜体写 * an italic pen-nib 写斜体字用的钢笔尖.
italicize, italicise
/ I5tAlIsaIz; I`tAlE9saIz/ v [Tn] print (sth) in italic type 用斜体字印刷（某物）.
italics 
n [pl] printed italic letters 印刷的斜体字母: Examples in this dictionary are in italics. 本词典中的示例均为斜体字. =>App 3 见附录3.
Italo-
comb form 构词成分 Italian; of Italy 意大利的: the Italo-Swiss frontier.
itch
/ ItF; ItF/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] feeling of irritation on the skin, causing a desire to scratch 痒:suffer from, have, feel an itch 觉得痒.  2 [sing] ~ for sth/to do sth (infml 口) restless desire or longing 热望; 渴望: have an itch for adventure 渴望冒险 * She cannot resist the/her itch to travel. 她巴不得要去旅行.  3 (idm 习语) the seven-year `itch (joc infml 谑, 口) the desire for new sexual experience that is thought to be felt after about seven years of marriage 七年之痒（据认为结婚约七年後会有喜新厌旧之感）.
itch 
v  1 [I] have or cause an itch 发痒: scratch where it itches 搔痒处 * Scratch yourself if you itch! 觉得痒就挠挠! * Are your mosquito bites still itching? 蚊子咬的地方还痒吗?  2 [Ipr, It] ~ for sth/to do sth (infml 口) feel a strong restless desire for sth 渴望; 热望: pupils itching for the lesson to end 盼著下课的学生 * I'm itching to tell you the news! 我巴不得要把这消息告诉你!  3 (idm 习语) have an itching `palm be greedy for money 贪财.
itchy 
adj (-ier / 5ItFIE(r); `ItFIL/, -iest / 5ItFIIst; `ItFIIst/)  1 having or producing irritation on the skin 发痒的: an itchy scalp, eg caused by dandruff 发痒的头皮（如因有头皮屑）.  2 (idm 习语) (get/have) itchy feet (infml 口) (feel a) restless desire to travel or move from place to place 渴望各处走动. itchiness n [U].
-ite
suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming ns 与专有名词结合构成名词) follower or supporter of 追随者; 支持者: Labourite * Thatcherite. =>Usage at -ist 用法见-istist.
item
/ 5aItEm; `aItEm/ n  1 single article or unit in a list, etc 条款; 项目: the first item on the agenda 议事日程上的第一项 * number the items in a catalogue 给目录中各条目编号.  2 single piece of news 一则或一条新闻: There's an important news item/item of news in today's paper. 今天报上有一则重要新闻.
item 
adv (used to introduce each of several articles in a list 逐条列举时用以起首) also （还有）一项: item, one chair; item, two carpets, etc 一项, 椅子一把; 还有一项, 地毯两张等.
itemize, itemise
/ 5aItEmaIz; `aItEmaIz/ v [Tn] give or write every item of (sth) 逐项列出或记载: an itemized list, account, bill, etc 分项开列的清单、 记载帐目、 帐单等.
iterate
/ 5ItEreIt; `ItE9ret/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~sth (to sb) (fml 文) say sth again and again; make (an accusation, a demand, etc) repeatedly 反覆说某事; 一再提出（指责、 要求等）. Cf 参看 reiterate. 
iteration
/ 9ItE5reIFn; 9ItE`reFEn/ n [U].
itinerant
/ aI5tInErEnt, I5tInErEnt; aI`tInErEnt, I`tInErEnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] travelling from place to place 巡回的; 流动的: an itinerant musician, entertainer, preacher, etc 巡回音乐家、 演员、 牧师等.
itinerary
/ aI5tInErErI, I5tInErErI; ?@ -rerI; aI`tInE9rZrI,I`tInE9rZrI/ n plan for, or record of, a journey; route 旅行的计画或记录; 旅行路线: keep to, depart from, follow one's itinerary 按照、 离开、 根据自己的旅行计画.
-ition
=> -ion.
-itis
suff 後缀 (with ns forming uncountable ns 与名词结合构成不可数名词)  1 (medical 医) inflammatory disease of ...炎症; ...炎: appendicitis * tonsillitis.  2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) excessive interest in or exposure to 过分沉迷於...; ...迷、 癖或狂: World Cup-itis.
ITN
/ 9aI ti: 5en; 9aI ti `Zn/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Television News 独立电视新闻公司: news at 10 on ITN 独立电视新闻公司10点钟的新闻.
its
=> it1.
itself
/ It5self; It`sZlf/ reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 只在句中表示强调时方重读)  1 (reflex 反身) (used when the animal, thing, etc causing the action is also affected by it 用以复指施动的动物、 事物等): The wounded horse could not ,raise itself from the `ground. 那受伤的马自己站不起来了. * The committee decided to a,ward itself a `pay increase. 委员会决定给委员本身加薪.  2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize an animal, a thing, etc 用以指动物、 事物等以加强语气): The name it`self sounds foreign. 这名字本身听起来就很陌生.  3 (idm 习语) by it`self (a) automatically 自动地: The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 机器在几秒钟後会自动开启. (b) alone 独自地; 单独地: The statue stands by itself in the square. 广场上孤零零地立著这座雕像.
ITT
/ 9aI ti: 5ti:; 9aI ti `ti/ abbr 缩写 = International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation 国际电话电报公司: work for ITT 为国际电话电报公司工作.
ITV
/ 9aI ti: 5vi:; 9aI ti `vi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Television 独立电视公司: watch a film on ITV 看独立电视公司播放的影片 * an ITV documentary 独立电视公司的记录片. Cf 参看 BBC, IBA.
-ity
suff 後缀 (with adjs forming ns 与形容词结合构成名词): purity * oddity.
IUD
/ 9aI ju: 5di:; 9aI ju `di/ (also IUCD / 9aI ju: si: 5di:; 9aI ju si `di/) abbr 缩写 = intra-uterine (contraceptive) device.
-ive
suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns and adjs 与动词结合构成名词和形容词) (person or thing) having a tendency to or the quality of 有...倾向的或有...性质的（人或事物）: explosive * captive * descriptive.
ivory
/ 5aIvErI; `aIvErI/ n  1 [U] creamy-white bone-like substance forming the tusks of elephants, walruses, etc 象牙; （海象等的）长牙: [attrib 作定语] an ivory statuette 象牙制的小雕像.  2 [C] object made of this 象牙制品: a priceless collection of ivories 象牙的稀世珍品收藏.  3 [U] colour of ivory 象牙色的; 乳白色的: [attrib 作定语] an ivory skin, complexion, etc 乳白色的皮肤、 面色等 * ivory-coloured silk 乳白色的丝绸.  4 (idm 习语) an ,ivory `tower place or situation where people retreat from the unpleasant realities of everyday life and pretend that these do not exist 象牙塔（对日常生活中烦恼的现实视而不见者的退身之所或处境）: live in an ivory tower 生活在象牙塔中 * [attrib 作定语] lead an,ivory-tower e`xistence 过象牙塔式的生活.
ivy
/ 5aIvI; `aIvI/ n [U] any of various types of climbing evergreen plant, esp one with dark shiny five-pointed leaves 常春藤: [attrib 作定语] an ivy leaf 常春藤叶.
ivied
/ 5aIvId; `aIvId/ adj covered with ivy 爬满常春藤的: ivied walls 长满常春藤的墙壁.
Ivy League 
group of traditional universities inthe eastern US with a reputation for high academic standards and social prestige 常春藤联盟（美国东部有高度学术水平和社会声誉的名牌大学的通称）.