R, r
/ B:(r); Br/ n (pl R's, r's / B:z; Brz/)  1 the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十八个字母: `Rabbit' begins with (an) R/`R'. rabbit一字是以r字母开始的.  2 (idm 习语) roll one's r's => roll2. the three `R's reading, (w)riting and (a)rithmetic, as the basis of an elementary education 基本三会（指作为初等教育基础的读、 写、 算）.
R
abbr 缩写 =  1 Queen; King (Latin Regina; Rex) 女王, 国王（源自拉丁文Regina、 Rex: Elizabeth R 伊丽莎白女王.  2 (also symb 符号为 ) (commerce 商) registered(trademark) （商标）: Scotch  苏格兰威士忌.  3 (US politics 政) Republican (party): James W Sistino (R) 詹姆斯·W·西斯提诺（共和党人）. Cf 参看 D.  4 River:R Thames, eg on a map 泰晤士河（如地图上的标示）.
r
abbr 缩写 =  1 recto.  2 right. Cf 参看 l 1.
R and D
/ 9B:r En 5di:; 9Br En `di/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) research and development 研究与开发.
RA
/ 9B:r 5eI; 9Br `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit)  1 Royal Academy; Royal Academician 英国皇家艺术学会; 英国皇家艺术学会会员: George Tophill RA 英国皇家艺术学会会员乔治·托普希尔 * be an RA 为英国皇家艺术学会会员.  2 Royal Artillery 英国皇家炮兵.
rabbi
/ 5rAbaI; `rAbaI/ n (pl ~s) (title of a) spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation; teacher of the Jewish law 拉比（犹太教教士及其头衔; 犹太教法学导师）: the Chief Rabbi, eg of Jewish communities in Britain 首席拉比（例如英国犹太人社区的教会领袖）.
rabbinical 
/ rE5bInIkl; rE`bInIkl/ adj of rabbis; of Jewish doctrine or law 犹太教教士的; 犹太教教义或法规的.
rabbit
/ 5rAbIt; `rAbIt/ n  1 [C] small burrowing animal of the hare family with long ears and a short furry tail 兔; 兔子. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1插图, page iii. Cf 参看 hare.  2 [U] (a) its fur 兔的毛皮: gloves lined with rabbit 兔毛衬里的手套. (b) its flesh used as meat （食用的）兔肉: [attrib 作定语] rabbit pie 兔肉馅饼.  3 [C] (Brit infml 口) poor player of a game, esp tennis 竞技活动（尤指网球）的蹩脚运动员.
rabbit 
v  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ on (about sb/sth) (infmlderog 口, 贬) talk lengthily or in a rambling and pointless way 冗长地或信口开河、 无针对性地谈: What are you rabbiting on about? 你在胡诌些什麽?  2 [I] (usu 通常作 go rabbiting) hunt rabbits 去猎兔.
rabbity 
adj like a rabbit in appearance, smell or taste （外貌、 气味或味道）像兔子一般的.
rabbit-hutch 
n wooden cage for rabbits （木制）兔笼, 兔棚.
rabbit punch 
sharp blow made with the edge of the hand on the back of sb's neck （用掌边对某人颈背的）重击.
rabbit-warren 
n (a) area of land full of connected burrows made by wild rabbits 野兔繁殖区（有野兔挖的相接的洞穴）. (b) (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) building or district full of narrow winding passages 有许多弯曲狭窄通道的建筑物或地方.
rabble
/ 5rAbl; `rAbl/ n  1 [C] disorderly crowd; mob 乱纷纷的人群; 乌合之众; 暴民.  2 the rabble [sing] (derog 贬) the common people; the lowest social classes 平民百姓; 社会最低阶层: speeches, etc appealing to the rabble 对民众很有吸引力的讲话等.
rabble-rouser 
n person who tries to rouse the passions of the mob, eg for political aims 煽动民众的人（如为达到政治目的）. 
rabble-rousing 
adj, n [U]: a rabble-rousing speaker, speech 作煽动性宣传的演说者、 演说.
Rabelaisian
/ 9rAbE5leIzIEn; 9rAbl`ezIEn/ adj full ofbawdy humour, in the style of the French writer Rabelais 法国幽默讽刺作家拉伯雷风格的; 富有拉伯雷式的粗俗幽默情趣的: Rabelaisian prose 具有拉伯雷风格的散文.
rabid
/ 5rAbId; ?@ also 5reIbId; `rAbId, `rebId/ adj  1 suffering from rabies 患狂犬病的: a rabid dog, fox, etc 发疯的狗、 狐狸等.  2 (fig 比喻) (of feelings or opinions) violent or extreme; fanatical （指情绪或见解）疯狂的, 极端的, 狂热的: rabid hate, greed, etc 极其愤恨、 贪心等 * a rabid racist 极端的种族主义者.
rabies
/ 5reIbi:z; `rebiz/ n [U] fatal virus disease causing madness in dogs, foxes and other animals, transmitted to humans usu by a bite 狂犬病, 恐水症. Cf 参看 hydrophobia.
RAC
/ 9B:r eI 5si:; 9Br e `si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Automobile Club 英国皇家汽车俱乐部.
raccoon (esp US) (Brit also racoon) 
/ rE5ku:n; ?@ r-; rA`kun/ (also US infml 美式口语作 coon) n  1 [C] small N American flesh-eating mammal with a pointed snout and a bushy black-ringed tail 浣熊（北美产的食肉的哺乳动物）.  2 [U] (US) its fur 浣熊的毛皮.
race
/ reIs; res/ n  1 ~ (against/with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (a) [C] contest of speed between runners, horses, vehicles, etc to see which reaches a certain place first, or does sth first （人、 马、 车等的）速度竞赛: a `horse-race 赛马 * a `boat-race 划船比赛 * a half-`mile race 半英里赛跑 * run a race with sb 同某人赛跑 * We had a race (ie a great hurry) to repair the house before winter. 我们争取在冬季到来以前修好房子. (b) the races [pl] =race-meeting: a day at the races 赛马大会的一天. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport.  2 competition or rivalry 比赛; 竞争: the race for the presidency 总统竞选.  3 [C] strong fast current of water in a river, the sea, etc （河、 海等的）急流: a tidal race 潮汐引起的急流 * a `mill-race, ie a channel taking water to the wheel of a water-mill 磨坊水磨的进水槽.  4 (idm 习语) a ,race against `time desperate effort to do or finish sth before a certain time 和时间赛跑: It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation. 为抢救那些即将饿死的人而分秒必争. the rat race => rat.
racecard 
n programme of the races, times and runners at a race-meeting 赛马项目单.
racecourse 
n (esp Brit) (US usu 美式英语通常作 `race-track) ground where horse-races are run 赛马跑道; 赛马场.
racegoer 
n person who regularly attends horse-races 经常观看赛马的人.
racehorse 
n horse bred or kept to run in races 赛马用的马.
race-meeting 
n (Brit) series of horse-races at one course held at fixed times on one or several days （一天或几天中时间固定的）赛马大会.
race-track 
n  1 (usu oval) track, esp for vehicle races （通常为椭圆形的）跑道（尤指赛车的）.  2 (US) = racecourse.
race
/ reIs; res/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb/sth) take part in a race 参加速度竞赛: race for the prize/to win the prize 参加有奖速度比赛 * The lorries were racing against each other. 一辆辆的卡车在争先恐後地行驶. * The cars raced round the track. 汽车围著跑道进行比赛. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] compete with (sb/sth) in speed 与（某人[某事物]）进行速度竞赛: I'll race you to school, ie try to get there before you do. 我要和你比赛看谁先到学校.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, It] move very fast 急速移动: race along (the road) （沿路）飞奔 * The policeman raced after the thief. 警察追著那个贼. * The days seemed to race by/past. 光阴似箭. * We had to race to catch the train. 我们得快走, 好赶上火车. =>Usage at run1 用法见run1. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sb/sth) to move very fast 使（某人[某物]）急速移动: The patient had to be raced to hospital. 病人得火速送往医院.  3 [I, Tn] compete in (esp) horse-racing or cause (eg a horse, vehicle) to compete in races 赛（尤指赛马）; 使（马、 车等）进行速度竞赛: She races at all the big meetings. 她参加所有大规模的赛马比赛. * race pigeons, dogs, etc 信鸽比赛、 赛狗 * race saloon cars, bikes, etc in rallies 在公路赛车会上赛轿车、 自行车等 * The filly has been raced twice this season. 这匹小牝马本季度曾两次参赛.  4 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) operate at high speed （使某物）高速 运转: Don't race your engine, ie make it run fast when not in gear. 不要让发动机空转. * The driver waited for the green light, his engine racing. 那司机等候绿灯放行, 让发动机空转著.
racer 
n horse, boat, car, etc used for racing 比赛用的马、 小船、 汽车等.
racing 
n [U] hobby, sport or profession of competing in horse or vehicle races 赛马或赛车的嗜好、 运动或职业: [attrib 作定语] a `racing man 赛马迷（或赛车迷）* a `racing car, yacht, etc, ie designed for racing 比赛用的汽车、 快艇等 * keep/run a `racing stable, ie for horses trained to race 经营[管理]赛马马厩.
race
/ reIs; res/ n  1 [C, U] (a) any of several large subdivisions of mankind sharing physical characteristics, eg colour of skin, colour and type of hair, shape of eyes and nose 人种; 种族: the Caucasian, Mongolian, Negro, etc race 高加索、 蒙古、 黑色等人种 * people of mixed race 混血种的人. (b) [C] any of the main species, breeds or varieties of animals or plants （动植物的）类, 属, 种, 族: the human race, ie mankind 人类 * breed a race of cattle that can survive drought 饲养能耐乾旱的一种牛.  2 [C] group of people with a common culture, history, language, descent, etc 民族: the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, Nordic, etc races 盎格鲁　撒克逊、 日耳曼、 北欧日耳曼等民族 * The British are an island race. 英国人是以岛为家的民族.  3 [U] (fml 文) ancestry; descent 世系; 血统: people of ancient and noble race 古老贵族的後裔.
race relations 
relations between two or more races in the same community （同一社区中的）种族关系: Race relations are good here. 此地种族关系良好. * Race relations is a sensitive issue. 种族关系是敏感的问题.
race-riot 
n outbreak of violence due to hostility between races in the same community 种族骚乱（同一社区中的种族由於相互仇视而产生的暴力事件）.
raceme
/ 5rAsi:m, also rE5si:m; ?@ reI-; re`sim/ n (botany 植) flower cluster having separate flowers on stalks evenly spaced along a central stem, with the lower flowers opening first (as in lupins, hyacinths, etc) 总状花序, 串状花（如羽扇豆属植物、 风信子等的花序）.
racial
/ 5reIFl; `reFEl/ adj characteristic of race3(1a); due to or resulting from race 人种的; 种族的; 由种族引起的: a racial feature, type, difference, etc 人种特徵、 类型、 差异等 * racial conflict, harmony, hatred, pride 种族冲突、 和睦、 仇恨、 优越感 * racial discrimination 种族歧视.
racialism 
/ -FElIzEm; -FEl9IzEm/ (also racism) n [U]  1 belief that human abilities, etc depend on race and that some races are superior to others 种族主义; 种族偏见; 种族优越感.  2 (aggressive behaviour, speech, etc showing) hostility between races 种族仇视; 表现种族仇视的挑衅行为、 讲话等.
racialist 
/ -FElIst; -FElIst/ (also racist) n, adj (of or like a) believer in racialism, esp one who is hostile to races thought to be inferior 种族主义者; （似）种族主义的: a racialist theory, book, speech 宣扬种族主义的理论、 书、 讲话.
racially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv: a racially diverse community 多种族的社区.
racily
=> racy.
raciness
=> racy.
racism
/ 5reIsIzEm; `resIzEm/ n [U] =racialism. 
racist 
/ 5reIsIst; `resIst/ n, adj =racialist.
rack
/ rAk; rAk/ n  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) framework, usu with bars or pegs, for holding things or for hanging things on （放东西或挂东西用的）架子: a `plate-rack 盘碟架 * a `wine-rack, ie for holding wine bottles 酒瓶架 * a `toast-rack 面包片架 * a `hat-rack 帽架.  2 type of shelf for light luggage, coats, etc over the seats of a bus, train, plane, etc （公共汽车、 火车、 飞机等座位上方放置轻便行李、 衣物等的）行李架: a `luggage-rack 行李架.  3 rod, bar or rail with teeth or cogs, into which those of a wheel, gear, etc fit 齿条; 齿板; 齿轨: a `steering rack, eg on a cable car 转向齿条（如缆车上的）. Cf 参看 pinion2.
rack-railway (also esp US cog-railway) 
n railway that has a cogged central rail with which a cogged wheel on the train engages to drive the train up a steep slope 齿轨铁道（设有带齿的中轨, 与列车带齿的车轮啮合, 将列车送上陡坡）.
rack
/ rAk; rAk/ n  1 (usu 通常作 the rack) (formerly) instrument of torture consisting of a frame with rollers to which a person's wrists and ankles were tied so that his joints were stretched when the rollers were turned （旧时）拉肢拷问台（一种刑具）: put sb on the rack 对某人施以拉肢之刑.  2 (idm 习语) on the `rack in severe pain or mental distress （肉体或精神上）受极大折磨.
rack 
v  1 [Tn] torture (sb) on the rack 以拉肢之刑拷问或折磨（某人）.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of disease, pain or mental distress) cause agony to (sb) （指疾病、 疼痛、 苦恼等）使（某人）极为痛苦: racked with pain, fever, etc 因疼痛、 发烧等而痛苦 * A coughing fit racked her whole body. 她一阵咳嗽全身都十分难受. * a voice racked by sobs/weeping 抽抽搭搭[哭哭啼啼]的痛苦的声音 * racked by (feelings of) guilt, remorse, doubt, etc 深受内疚、 悔恨、 怀疑等之苦.  3 (idm 习语) rack one's `brain(s) try very hard to think of sth or recall sth 苦思某事; 努力回忆某事: We racked our brains for an answer. 我们为寻找答案而绞尽脑汁. * I've been racking my brains (trying) to remember his name. 我一直在回想他的名字.
rack-rent 
n [C, U] unfairly high rent 过高的租金.
rack
/ rAk; rAk/ n (idm 习语) go to ,rack and `ruin fall into a ruined or disorganized state through neglect 因忽视而致毁坏、 混乱或瓦解: The old empty house soon went to rack and ruin. 这所旧的空房子很快就毁坏了. * This country is going to rack and ruin; we need a change of government. 这个国家正在分崩离析, 我们需要更换政府.
racket (also racquet) 
/ 5rAkIt; `rAkIt/ n  1 [C] bat with a round or oval stringed frame, used for hitting the ball in tennis, badminton, etc （网球、 羽毛球等的）球拍. =>illus at squash, tennis 见 squash、 tennis 插图.  2 rackets (also racquets) [sing v] ball-game for two or four people played with rackets and a small hard ball in a four-walled court 墙网球（二人或四人玩的球戏, 使用球拍和一质硬小球, 场地四面有围墙）: [attrib 作定语] a rackets court, ball, match 墙网球的球场、 球、 比赛. Cf 参看 squash n 3.
racket-press 
n frame worked by a spring, used for holding a racket tightly when not in use, to prevent warping, etc 球拍夹（有弹簧的架框, 用以保存球拍）.
racket
/ 5rAkIt; `rAkIt/ n (infml 口)  1 [sing] loud noise; uproar or noisy disturbance 喧嚷; 吵闹: What a racket the children are making! 这些孩子太吵了! * The students kicked up no end of a racket (ie were very noisy and boisterous) in the street. 这些学生在街上大吵大闹.  2 [C] (a) dishonest or illegal way of getting money 敲诈; 勒索; 诈骗: the gambling/protection/drugs racket 赌博[收取保护费/贩毒]的勾当 * Police investigating the fraud suspected him of being in on (ie profiting by) the racket. 警方调查这一诈骗案时怀疑他涉嫌参与诈骗活动. (b) business or occupation 生意; 职业: What's your racket? 你是干哪一行的? * How did she get into the modelling racket? 她是怎样当上模特儿的?
racket 
v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (infml 口) move about noisily; join in wild social activities 到处闹腾; 参加喧闹的社交活动.
racketeer 
/ 9rAkE5tIE(r); 9rAkEt`Ir/ n (derog 贬) personinvolved in or controlling a racket2(2) 敲诈勒索的骗子或主谋. 
racketeering 
n [U] (derog 贬) activity of racketeers 敲诈勒索活动.
rackety 
adj (infml 口) noisy 嘈杂的; 吵闹的: a rackety old bicycle 嘎吱嘎吱响的旧自行车.
raconteur
/ 9rAkCn5t\:(r); 9rAkBn`t[/ n person who tells stories skilfully and wittily 善於讲故事的人: She's a brilliant raconteur. 她是讲故事的高手.
racoon
=raccoon.
racy
/ 5reIsI; `resI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of speech, writing, etc) lively or spirited; vivid （指语言、 文字等）生动的, 活泼的, 有活力的: a racy account of his adventures 对他冒险经历的生动叙述.  2 (infml 口) slightly improper or indecent 有失体统的; 不雅的: Her racy stories can be rather shocking. 她那些下流的故事讲起来有时很让人吃惊.  3 strong and distinctive in flavour 味浓而富有特色的: a racy wine 醇厚的酒. 
racily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
raciness 
n [U].
RADA
/ 5rB:dE; `rBdE/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Academy of Dramatic Art 英国皇家戏剧艺术学院: a student at RADA 英国皇家戏剧艺术学院的学生.
radar
/ 5reIdB:(r); `redBr/ n [U] (a) system for detecting the presence, position or movement of solid objects within its range by sending out short radio waves which they reflect 雷达: locate an aircraft by radar 用雷达测定一飞机的位置. (b) equipment used for this 雷达装置: Enemy ships were detected on the radar (screen). 敌舰的影像已显现在雷达（屏幕）上. * [attrib 作定语] a radar operator, installation, scanner 雷达手、 设备、 扫描天线. Cf 参看 sonar.
radar trap (also speed trap) 
section of road where the police use a radar device to detect vehicles travelling faster than the speed limit 雷达监测路段（警方用雷达装置监测超速车辆的路段）.
radial
/ 5reIdIEl; `redIEl/ adj of or arranged like rays or radii; having bars, lines, etc that radiate from a central point 放射（式）的; 辐射（状）的; 径向的; 星形的: radial spokes, eg in a bicycle wheel 径向辐（如自行车的辐条） * a radial engine, ie one with cylinders pointing outwards from a central crankshaft 星形发动机.
radial 
n (also radial-ply tyre) tyre with the cords in its outer casing arranged radially to the hub of the wheel, so making it stronger and able to grip better on wet road surfaces 径向帘布轮胎; 子午（线轮）胎; 辐射状轮胎. Cf 参看 cross-ply.
radially 
/ -IElI; -IElI/ adv.
radiant
/ 5reIdIEnt; `redIEnt/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] sending out rays of light; shining brightly 光芒四射的; 光辉灿烂的: the radiant sun 光辉灿烂的太阳.  2 ~ (with sth) (of a person, his eyes, look, etc) bright with joy, hope or love （指人、 人的眼睛、 面容等）容光焕发的; 喜形於色的: a radiant face, smile 容光焕发的脸、 喜气洋洋的微笑 * radiant beauty 解颐美人 * She was radiant with joy at her wedding. 她在举行婚礼时喜气洋洋. * You look absolutely radiant! 你看上去真是满面春风!  3 (physics 物) [attrib 作定语] (a) transmitting heat or energy by radiation 发出辐射热或能的: a radiant heater 辐射加热器. (b) (of heat or energy) transmitted by radiation （指热或能）辐射的.
radiance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] quality of being radiant(1, 2) 发光; 灿烂; 容光焕发.
radiantly 
adv: smiling radiantly 喜笑颜开.
radiate
/ 5reIdIeIt; `redI9et/ v  1 (a) [Tn] send out rays of (light or heat) 发出（光或热）: a stove that radiates warmth 发出热量的火炉. (b) [Ipr] ~ from sth (of light or heat) be sent out from sth by radiation （指光或热）从某物中发出: warmth radiating from the stove 从火炉中散发出来的热量.  2 (a) [Tn] (fig 比喻) (of a person) give forth a feeling of (sth) （指人）显露（某种神情或样子）: radiating confidence, enthusiasm, health, etc 显示出信心、 热情、 健康等. (b) [Ipr] ~ from sb/sth (fig 比喻) (of a feeling) be given forth by sb/sb's eyes, etc （指感情）自某人[某人的眼睛]等处流露出来.  3 (of lines, etc) spread out like radii from a central point （指线路等）自中心向各方伸展: Five roads radiate from this roundabout. 有五条道路以这个环状交叉路为中心向各方伸展开.
radiation
/ 9reIdI5eIFn; 9redI`eFEn/ n  1 [U] (a) (the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of rays （热、 能等的）放射; 辐射的热、 能等: a combination of radiation and convection, eg in a gas fire 辐射和对流的结合（如在煤气炉中）. (b) (the sending out of) rays and atomic particles from radioactive substances （自放射性物质中放射出的）射线和原子粒子; 放射; 放射现象: a low/high level of radiation 低[高]强度辐射 * [attrib 作定语] Some cancers are treated by radiation therapy. 有些癌症可用放射疗法治疗.  2 [C] thing that is radiated, esp radioactive particles 放射物; （尤指）放射性微粒, 放射线: radiations emitted by an X-ray machine X射线机放射出来的放射线.
radiation sickness 
illness caused when the body is exposed to high radiation, eg from radioactive material or X-rays 放射病; 辐射病.
radiator
/ 5reIdIeItE(r); `redI9etL/ n  1 apparatus for radiating heat into rooms, etc, esp a metal casing through which hot water or steam is circulated （取暖用的）散热器; （尤指以热水或蒸汽循环供热的）暖气装置.  2 device for cooling the engine of a vehicle or an aircraft （车辆或飞机之发动机的）冷却器: This car has a fan-cooled radiator. 这辆汽车有一个风扇冷却器. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1插图, page xii.
radical
/ 5rAdIkl; `rAdIkl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of or from the root or base; fundamental 根本的; 基本的: a radical flaw, error, fault, etc in the system 制度中的基本缺陷、 错误、 缺点等.  2 thorough or complete; drastic 彻底的; 完全的; 激烈的: radical reforms, changes, etc 彻底的改革、 改变等.  3 favouring thorough political or social reform; holding extreme views 赞成实行彻底的政治或社会改革的; 持激进观点的: a radical politician, thinker, writer, etc 思想激进的政治家、 思想家、 作家等 * She is radical in her demands. 她的要求十分偏激.
radical 
n  1 person with radical(3) opinions 激进分子.  2 (mathematics 数) quantity forming or expressed as the root of another 根数; 根式; 根号.  3 (chemistry 化) group of atoms forming part of a compound and not changing during chemical reactions 基; 根; 原子团.
radicalism 
/ -kElIzEm; -klIzm/ n [U] (belief in) radical(3) ideas and principles 激进主义; 激进的思想和原则.
radically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: radically altered, improved, etc 根本地改变、 改善等.
radicle
/ 5rAdIkl; `rAdIkl/ n part of a plant embryo that develops into the main root 幼根; 胚根.
radii
pl of radius.
radio
/ 5reIdIEU; `redI9o/ n (pl ~s)  1 [U] process of sending and receiving messages, etc by electromagnetic waves without a connecting wire 无线电传送: contact a ship at sea by radio 用无线电与海上的船只联络 * [attrib 作定语] `radio waves, communi`cations 无线电波、 无线电通讯 * a radio `telephone 无线电话.  2 [C] (a) (also `radio set) apparatus, eg on ships or planes, for sending and receiving messages in this way 无线电收发报机（如船只、 飞机等的）: hear a gale warning on/over a ship's radio 在船上的无线电收发报机中听到大风警报 * [attrib 作定语] a radio receiver, transmitter 无线电接收机、 发射机. (b) (also dated 旧作  wireless) apparatus, eg in the house, for receiving sound broadcasting 无线电; 收音机: a portable, transistor radio 便携式的、 晶体管的收音机.  3 (often 常作 the radio) [U, sing] sound broadcasting by this means 无线电广播: I heard it on the radio. 我从无线电广播中听到了这消息. * She always listens to the radio. 她经常听无线电广播. * a play specially written for radio 专为无线电广播编写的剧本 * Do you prefer radio or television? 你喜欢听广播, 还是喜欢看电视? * [attrib 作定语] a radio programme, announcer, station 无线电广播节目、 播音员、 电台.
radio 
v (pt, pp radioed) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.f, Dpr.f, Dpr.w, Dpr.t no passive 不用於被动语态] send a message by radio 用无线电发送讯息; 发报: radio (to sb) for help 用无线电（向某人）呼救 * radio (sb) one's position 用无线电告知（某人）自己的位置 * We radioed (to) headquarters that we were in trouble. 我们向大本营发报, 说我们遇到了困难. * Radio to them to come/where we are. 用无线电通知他们前来[告知他们我们所在的地方].
radio astronomy 
branch of astronomy in which radio waves from space are received and analysed 射电天文学.
radio car, radio cab 
car or cab equipped with a radiofor communication 装有无线电通讯设备的汽车或计程车.
radio-controlled 
adj controlled from a distance by radio signals 由无线电控制的: a ,radio-controlled `taxi 由无线电控制的计程车.
radio-frequency 
n frequency of electromagnetic waves used in radio and TV transmission, between 10kilocycles per second and 3000000 megacycles per second射频, 无线电频率（无线电传递和电视发送所用电磁波的频率, 其范围从每秒10千周到3000000兆周之间）.
radiogram 
n  1 telegram sent by radio 无线电报.  2 (Brit) (esp formerly) combined radio and record player （尤指旧时）收音电唱两用机.
radio telescope 
apparatus for finding stars, tracking spacecraft, etc by means of radio waves from outer space 射电望远镜（藉来自外层空间的无线电波发现星体、 追踪宇宙飞船等）.
radio-
comb form 构词成分 of radiation or radioactivity 放射的; 辐射的; 放射性的: radioactive * radiologist * radio-therapy.
radio-carbon
/ 9redIEU 5kB:bEn; 9redIo`kBrbEn/ n [U] radioactive form of carbon present in organic materials, used in carbon dating 放射性碳（有机材料中碳元素的放射性形式, 用以测定某物的年代）.
radio-therapy
/ 9reIdIEU 5WerEpI; `redIo`WZrEpI/ n [U] treatment of disease by radiation, esp X-rays 放射疗法; （尤指）X射线疗法.
radio-therapist 
n expert in radio-therapy 放射治疗专家.
radioactive
/ 9reIdIEU5AktIv; 9redIo`AktIv/ adj having atoms that break up and send out radiation which canpenetrate opaque bodies and sometimes produce harmfulelectrical effects 放射性的; 有辐射能的: Radium and uranium are radioactive elements. 镭和铀是放射性元素. * ,radioactive `fall-out, ie dust carried by winds around the earth after a nuclear explosion, etc 放射性微粒回降（核爆炸等之後放射性尘埃随风散落到地面） * radioactive waste, ie waste material from nuclear power-stations, etc 放射性废料（核电站等产生的核废料）. 
radioactivity 
/ 9reIdIEUAk5tIvEtI; `redI9oAk`tIvEtI/ n [U].
radiograph
/ 5reIdIEUgrB:f; ?@ -grAf; `redIE9^rAf/ n = X-ray 2.
radiographer 
/ 9reIdI5CgrEfE(r); 9redI`B^rEfL/ n person who takes radiographs X 射线摄影师.
radiography 
/ 9reIdI5CgrEfI; 9redI`B^rEfI/ n [U] production of X-ray photographs X射线照相（术）.
radioisotope
/ 9reIdIEU5aIsEtEUp; 9redIo`aIsE9top/ n radioactive form of an element, used in medicine, industry, etc to study the path and speed of substances through bodies and objects 放射性同位素.
radiology
/ 9reIdI5ClEdVI; 9redI`BlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of X-rays and other radiation, esp as used in medicine 放射学（尤指用於医学的）.
radiologist 
/ 9reIdI5ClEdVIst; 9redI`BlEdVIst/ n expert in radiology 放射学家.
radish
/ 5rAdIF; `rAdIF/ n (a) plant with a crisp hot-tasting root 萝卜. (b) this root, eaten raw in salads 萝卜（於色拉中生吃的）: bunches of radishes 成捆的萝卜.
radium
/ 5reIdIEm; `redIEm/ n [U] chemical element, a shining white radioactive metal used in the treatment of some diseases, eg cancer 镭: [attrib 作定语] radium therapy 镭疗法. =>App 10 见附录10.
radius
/ 5reIdIEs; `redIEs/ n (pl -dii / -dIaI; -dI9aI/)  1 (length of a) straight line from the centre of a circle or sphere to any point on its circumference or surface 半径（距离）. =>App 5 见附录 5. =>illus at circle 见circle插图.  2 circular area measured by its radius 用半径度量的圆形面积; 半径范围: Police searched all the woods within a six-mile radius/within a radius of six miles. 警方搜索了在周围六英里以内的树林各处.  3 (anatomy 解) outer shorter bone in the human forearm; corresponding bone in an animal's foreleg or a bird's wing （人与兽的）桡骨; 鸟翼中相当於桡骨的骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. Cf 参看 ulna.
radon
/ 5reIdCn; `redBn/ n [U] chemical element, a radioactive gas produced by the decay of radium 氡. =>App 10 见附录10.
RAF
/ 9B:r eI 5ef, or, in infml use, 俗读作 rf; 9Br e `Zf, rAf/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Air Force 皇家空军.
raffia
/ 5rAfIE; `rAfIE/ n [U] soft fibre from the leaves of a type of palm-tree, used for tying up plants, weaving table-mats, etc 酒椰叶纤维（由酒椰棕榈树叶制成, 质软, 用於捆扎植物、 编织桌席等）.
raffish
/ 5rAfIF; `rAfIF/ adj (esp of men, their appearance or behaviour) flashy or slightly disreputable; rakish （尤指男子、 其外表或行为）花里胡哨的, 有失体面的, 放荡不羁的: He was drinking cheap champagne with a raffish air. 他喝著廉价的香槟酒, 样子十分放荡. 
raffishly 
adv. 
raffishness 
n [U].
raffle
/ 5rAfl; `rAfl/ n lottery (esp for charity) with an article as the prize 抽彩（尤指为慈善捐款）: win a video in a raffle 在抽彩中得了一台录像机 * [attrib 作定语] a raffle ticket 抽彩的彩券. Cf 参看 draw1 1.
raffle 
v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) offer (goods) as a prize in a raffle 在抽彩中奖给（货物）.
raft
/ rB:ft; ?@ rAft; rAft/ n (a) flat floating structure of logs, barrels, etc tied together, used esp as a substitute for a boat 筏; 筏子: shipwrecked sailors on a makeshift raft 在临时代用的筏子上的遇难船员. (b) number of logs tied together to be floated down a river 木排.
raft 
v (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] carry (people or goods) on a raft 用筏子载运（人或货物）: raft people across/over/up/down (a river) 用筏子载运人过河[到对岸/逆流而上/顺流而下]. (b) [Ipr, Ip] cross a river, etc on a raft 乘筏过河等.
raft
/ rB:ft; ?@ rAft; rAft/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) (US infml 口) large number or amount 大量; 许多: She got a raft of presents. 她收到了许多礼物.
rafter
/ 5rB:ftE(r); ?@ 5rAf-; `rAftL/ n any of the parallel sloping beams supporting the tiles, slates, etc of a roof 椽: hams hanging from the rafters, eg in an old inn 悬挂在椽子上的火腿（如在昔时酒店所见）.
raftered 
/ 5rB:ftEd; ?@ 5rAf-; `rAftLd/ adj having rafters, esp ones that are exposed, eg because there is no ceiling 有椽的; （尤指）椽暴露在外面的（如因无天花板）.
rag
/ rAg; rA^/ n  1 [C, U] odd (scrap of) cloth, usu torn, frayed, etc 碎布（通常指撕碎、 磨破的）: I use an oily rag to clean my bike with. 我用沾满油污的碎布擦我的自行车. * Instead of a handkerchief he had an old (piece of) rag. 他拿一块旧布当作手绢用. * [attrib 作定语] a rag doll, ie one stuffed with rags 碎布娃娃（以碎布做填塞物的）.  2 rags [pl] (a) old, worn or torn clothes 破旧衣服: a tramp dressed in rags and tatters 衣衫褴褛的流浪汉 * trade in rags and waste paper 做破旧衣服和废纸生意. (b) pieces of waste cloth used to make good quality paper 用以制造优质纸的废旧布片: [attrib 作定语] `rag paper （以破布做原料的）优质纸.  3 [C] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) newspaper or journal 报纸; 杂志: I read it in the local rag. 我从本地的报纸上看到了这条消息.  4 (idm 习语) chew the fat/rag => chew. from ,rags to `riches from extreme poverty to wealth 从赤贫到巨富: [attrib 作定语] Hers was a rags-to-riches story. 她的经历可谓白手起家. glad rags => glad. like a wet rag => wet. lose one's rag => lose. a red rag to a bull => red1.
rag-and-bone man 
(Brit) person who goes round buying and selling old clothes, discarded furniture, etc 四处买卖旧衣物、 废弃家具等的人.
rag-bag 
n  1 [C] bag in which scraps of fabric are kept, eg to mend clothes 存放碎布的袋子（如供修补衣物用的）.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) confused assortment; hotchpotch杂七杂八的东西; 杂凑: a rag-bag of strange ideas, theories, etc 奇思、 怪论等的大杂烩.
the rag trade 
(infml 口) business of designing, making and selling (esp women's) clothes 设计、 制造和销售服装的行业（尤指女装）: go into the rag trade 从事服装业.
rag
/ rAg; rA^/ v (-gg-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/for sth) (Brit infml 口) play practical jokes on sb; tease sb 拿某人取乐; 戏弄某人: They are always ragging the teacher about his accent. 他们总是取笑这位老师的口音.
rag 
n  1 practical joke; prank 恶作剧; 玩笑: We hid her clothes for a rag. 我们开了个玩笑, 把她的衣服藏了起来.  2 annual entertainment held by students to collect money for charity 学生一年一度为募集慈善基金举行的娱乐活动: the college `rag 学院的募捐联欢 * [attrib 作定语] hold a `rag week 举办募捐联欢周.
rag
/ rAg; rA^/ n piece of ragtime music 雷格泰姆音乐的曲子.
ragamuffin
/ 5rAgEmQfIn; `rA^E9mQfIn/ n person, esp a small boy, in dirty untidy clothes 衣衫褴褛的人（尤指小男孩）.
rage
/ reIdV; redV/ n  1 [U, C] (a) (fit of) violent anger （一阵）狂怒; 盛怒（之爆发）: trembling with rage 气得直哆嗦 * white/livid with rage 气得脸色发白[发青] * be in/fly into a (towering) rage 勃然大怒 * Her rages don't last long. 她发脾气很快就消气. (b) (fig 比喻) (instance of) violence in nature 大自然的狂暴: The storm's rage continued. 暴风雨肆虐不已.  2 (idm 习语) all the fashion/rage => fashion.
rage 
v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against sb/sth) show violent anger 大发脾气; 动怒: He raged against me for disagreeing. 他因我有异议对我大发雷霆. * I raged for hours at the decision. 我对这个决定几小时怒不可遏. (b) [I] (of storms, fires, battles, etc) continue violently （指暴风雨、 火势、 战斗等）猛烈地继续下去.  2 [I, Ipr] (esp of illnesses) spread rapidly （尤指疾病）迅速蔓延: A flu epidemic raged through the school for weeks. 流感在这所学校里蔓延了几个星期.
raging 
adj [attrib 作定语] extreme or painful 极端的; 痛苦的: raging hunger, thirst, passion 极其饿、 渴、 热情 * have a raging headache, toothache, etc 头痛、 牙痛...已极.
ragged
/ 5rAgId; `rA^Id/ adj  1 (a) (of clothes) badly worn or in rags; tattered （指衣服）破旧的; 褴褛的: a ragged coat, suit, etc 破旧的大衣、 西服等 * His sleeves were ragged at the cuffs. 他的袖口磨破了. (b) (of people) wearing badly worn or torn clothes （指人）衣衫褴褛的: a ragged old man 衣衫褴褛的老人.  2 (fig 比喻) having an uneven outline, edge or surface; jagged （外形）不规则的; （边缘）锯齿状的; （表面）凹凸不平的: the ragged profile of the cliffs 参差不齐的峭壁 * ragged clouds driven by the wind 被风吹散的残云.  3 (fig 比喻) lacking smoothness or uniformity; imperfect 不流畅的;不一致的; 不完美的: The choir gave a ragged performance,ie The singers were not following the conductor. 合唱队演唱得很不和谐（歌唱者不听从指挥）. * A ragged shout went up from the small crowd. 这一小群人发出了刺耳的喊叫. 
raggedly 
adv. 
raggedness 
n [U].
raglan
/ 5rAglEn; `rA^lEn/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (sleeve) that is joined to the body of a garment by sloping seams from the armpit to the neckline 插肩的（袖子）. (b) (coat, sweater, etc) having sleeves of this kind 插肩袖的（大衣、 毛衣等）.
ragout
/ 5rAgu:; ?@ rA5gu:; rA`^u/ n [C, U] (dish of) meat and vegetable stew （一道）蔬菜炖肉.
ragtag
/ 5rAgtAg; `rA^9tA^/ n (idm 习语) ,ragtag and `bobtail disreputable people; riff-raff 声名狼藉之辈; 流氓.
ragtime
/ 5rAgtaIm; `rA^9taIm/ n [U] type of popular 1920's jazz music first played by Blacks in the US, in which the beat of the melody just precedes the beat of the accompaniment 雷格泰姆音乐（二十世纪二十年代流行的美国黑人爵士音乐）: [attrib 作定语] a ,ragtime `band 演奏雷格泰姆音乐的乐队.
ragweed
/ 5rAgwi:d; `rA^9wid/ n [U, C] N American weed producing large amounts of pollen which causes hay fever 豚草（产於北美, 其花粉能使人患枯草热）.
ragwort
/ 5rAgw\:t; `rA^9w[t/ n [C, U] wild plant with yellow daisy-like flowers and ragged leaves 千里光（野生植物, 开黄花似雏菊, 叶呈不规则齿形）.
raid
/ reId; red/ n ~ (on sth)  1 sudden surprise attack and withdrawal by troops, ships or aircraft （部队、 舰艇或飞机的）突袭, 突击: make/launch a bombing raid (ie by aircraft) on enemy bases 对敌方基地进行突然的空袭.  2 sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （突如其来的）抢劫, 行凶: an armed raid 持械抢劫 * A security guard was killed in the bank raid. 这次银行劫案中有一名保安员遇害.  3 sudden surprise visit by the police, etc, eg to arrest people or seize illicit goods （警方等的）突然搜查或搜捕（如为捕人或搜寻违禁品）: carry out a dawn raid 破晓时进行的搜捕 * a police drugs raid 警方进行的毒品搜查.  4 (finance 财) attempt by a group of people to lower eg share prices by selling at the same time （为使价格如股价下跌）集体抛售.
raid 
v [Tn] make a raid on (a place) 对（某处）进行突然袭击、 抢劫或搜查: Customs men raided the house. 海关人员突然搜查了这所房子. * (fig 比喻) raid the larder, ie take food from it, usu between meals 翻柜橱找吃的（通常指两顿饭之间） * boys raiding an orchard, ieto steal fruit 在果园里偷水果的男孩子. 
raider 
n person, ship, aircraft, etc that makes a raid 进行袭击、 抢劫或搜捕的人; 进行突袭的舰艇、 飞机等.
rail
/ reIl; rel/ n  1 [C] (a) level or sloping bar or connected series of bars of wood or metal, eg forming part of a fence, the top of a banister, a protective barrier, etc （护栏等的）横条, 横挡, 扶手: wooden rails in front of an altar 祭坛前的木栏杆 * the horses on the rails, ie those on the inside curve of a racecourse 挨近围栏的马（在跑道内圈一侧的） * Hold the `handrail for safety, eg while descending steps. 抓住扶手以防　倒（如下楼时）. * leaning on the ship's (guard-)rail looking out to sea 倚著船上的护栏眺望大海. (b) level bar fixed to a wall for hanging things on （固定在墙上用来挂东西的）横杆: a `towel-rail, eg beside a wash-basin 挂毛巾的横杆（如脸盆旁的） * a `curtain rail 窗帘横杆. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.  2 (a) [C esp pl 尤作复数] steel bar or continuous line of steel bars fixed to the ground as one side of a track for trains or trams 铁轨; 轨道. =>illus at flange 见flange插图. (b) [U, often attrib 常作定语] railways as a means of transport 铁路（交通）; 铁路运输: a rail strike 铁路员工罢工 * rail travel, freight, etc 乘火车的旅行、 铁路货运 * send sth by rail 由铁路运输某物 * British Rail 英国铁路.  3 (idm 习语) free on board/rail => free1. go off the `rails (Brit infml 口) (a) become disorganized or out of control 陷於混乱; 失去控制: Our schedule went completely off the rails during the strike. 我们的预定计画在罢工期间完全被打乱了. (b) become mad or crazy 发疯; 发狂. jump the rails/track => jump2.
rail 
v (phr v) rail sth in/off surround or separate sth with rails 用栏杆围住或隔开某物: rail off a field (from a road) 用栏杆把场地（与道路）隔开 * The winners' enclosure was railed in. 授奖区有栏杆围著.
railhead 
n (a) furthest point reached by a railway that is being built 修建中的铁路已到达的最远点. (b) point on a railway at which road transport begins or ends 铁路运输的起点或终点.
railroad 
n (US) railway 铁路.  v (phr v) railroad sb into (doing) sth (infml 口) force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事: I won't be railroaded into buying a car I don't want! 谁也不能强迫我购买我根本不想要的汽车! railroad sth through (sth) (infml 口) get sth passed, accepted, etc quickly by applying pressure 施加压力促使某事物迅速通过、 获准等: railroad a bill through Congress 强使法案在国会中迅速通过.
rail
/ reIl; rel/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against sb/sth) complain, protest or reproach sb/sth strongly 极力抱怨、 挑剔或责备某人[某事物]: railing against fate 抱怨命运不好 * She railed at (him for) his laziness. 她因他懒惰而责备他.
railing
/ 5reIlIN; `relIN/ n (often pl 常作复数) fence or barrier made of rails (rail1 1a), supported by upright bars （有立柱支撑的）横条的栏杆、 栅栏或扶手.
raillery
/ 5reIlErI; `relErI/ n [U] good-humoured mockery or ridicule 善意的嘲讽或揶揄.
railway
/ 5reIlweI; `rel9we/ (US railroad) n  1 track with rails (rail1 2a) for trains to run on 铁路; 铁道: railways under construction 修建中的铁路.  2 (often pl 常作复数) system of such tracks, together with the trains, etc running on them, and the organization and people needed for their operation 铁路系统; 铁路部门: work on/for the railway(s) 在铁路部门工作 * a network of railways run by the state 国营铁路网 * [attrib 作定语] a railway station, carriage, engineer 火车站、 火车车厢、 铁路工程师.
railwayman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) man who works for a railway company 铁路员工.
raiment
/ 5reImEnt; `remEnt/ n [U] (arch 古) clothing 衣物.
rain
/ reIn; ren/ n  1 [U] condensed moisture of the atmosphere falling as separate drops; fall of these drops 雨; 下雨: heavy/light rain 大[小]雨 * Don't go out in the rain. 不要冒著雨出去. * Come in out of the rain. 快进来, 别让雨淋著. * It looks like (ie as if there will be a fall of) rain. 像是要下雨了.  2 the rains [pl] season of heavy continuous rain in tropical countries （热带地区 的）雨季: The rains come in September. 雨季於九月到来.  3 [sing] (preceded by an adj 用於形容词之後) shower of rain of the specified type 某种类型的雨: There was a heavy rain during the night. 夜间下了一场大雨.  4 [sing] ~ of sth (esp fig 尤作比喻) great number of things falling like rain 像雨点般降落的东西: a rain of arrows, bullets, etc 箭、 子弹等如雨点一般 * a rain of ashes, eg from a volcano 如雨点般落下的灰尘（如从火山口中喷出者）.  5 (idm 习语) come ,rain, come `shine; (come) ,rain or `shine whether there is rain or sunshine; whatever happens 不论晴雨; 不管发生什麽事情: The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine. 游园义卖会定於星期日举行, 风雨无阻. right as rain => right. 
rainless 
adj: a rainless day 无雨天.
rainbow 
/ 5reInbEU; `ren9bo/ n arch containing the colours of the spectrum, formed in the sky when the sun shines through rain or spray 虹; 彩虹: silks dyed in all (the) colours of the rainbow 染成彩虹那样七种颜色的丝绸服装. `rainbow trout black-spotted trout with two reddish bands from nose to tail 虹鳟鱼（身上有黑点, 从鼻到尾有两条红线）.
rain-check 
n (US)  1 ticket for later use when a match, show, etc is cancelled because of rain （比赛、 表演等）因雨延期有效票.  2 (idm 习语) take a rain-check (on sth) (infml 口) decline an offer, etc but promise to accept it later 谢绝一项好意, 但答应日後接受: Thanks for the invitation, but I'll have to take a rain-check on it. 你的邀请我心领了, 感谢盛意改日一定践约.
raincoat 
n light waterproof or water-resistant coat 雨衣.
raindrop 
n single drop of rain 雨点.
rainfall 
n [U] total amount of rain falling within a given area in a given time 降雨量: an annual rainfall of 10 cm 年降雨量10厘米. =>App 4 见附录4.
rain forest 
thick evergreen forest in tropical regions with heavy rainfall 雨林（热带地区多雨的茂密常绿森林）.
rain-gauge 
n instrument for measuring rainfall 雨量计.
rainproof 
adj that can keep rain out 防雨的: a rainproof jacket 防雨短上衣.
rain-water 
n soft water that has fallen as rain, eg not taken from wells, etc 雨水（软水, 如并非井水等）.
rain
/ reIn; ren/ v  1 [I] (used with it 与it连用) fall as rain 下雨; 降雨: It is raining, ie Rain is falling. 下著雨呢. * It rained hard all day. 下了一整天的大雨.  2 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth (fig 比喻) fall like rain on sb/sth 像雨点般落在某人[某物]上: Blows rained on the door. 敲门声像雨点一样. * The suitcase burst open and its contents rained on the floor. 手提箱裂开了, 里面的东西纷纷落在地板上.  3 (idm 习语) it ,never ,rains but it `pours (saying 谚) misfortunes, etc usually come in large numbers 不雨则已, 一雨倾盆; 灾祸等不发生则已, 一发生便接踵而至: First my car broke down, then I lost my key: it never rains but it pours! 先是我的汽车出了故障, 接著又丢了钥匙, 真是祸不单行! rain `buckets; rain cats and `dogs (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) rain very heavily 下倾盆大雨.  4 (phr v) rain down (sth) flow or come down in large quantities 大量流下; 大量落下: Tears rained down her cheeks. 她泪流满面. * Loose rocks rained down (the hillside). 松动的岩石大量滚下（山坡）. rain down (on sb/sth) come down on sb/sth 传给某人[某事物]: Abuse rained down on the noisy students from the open windows. 穿过敞开的窗户传来对那些喧闹学生的责骂声. * Invitations rained down on the visiting writer. 来访的这位作家收到了许多邀请信. rain in (used with it 与it连用): It is raining in, ie Rain is coming through the roof, tent, etc. 漏雨了. rain sth off; US rain sth out (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) (infml 口) prevent (eg an event) from taking place because of rain 因雨而使（事情等）受阻: The match was rained off twice. 比赛因雨而被迫两次改期.
rainy
/ 5reInI; `renI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a day, period, etc) on or in which much rain falls; (of sky, weather, etc) bringing much rain （指某日、 某段时间等）多雨的; （指天空、 天气等）下雨的: a rainy afternoon, month, etc 多雨的下午、 月份等 * the `rainy season 雨季 * a rainy climate, sky 多雨的气候、 雨中阴沉的天空.  2 (idm 习语) save, keep, etc sth for a ,rainy `day save (esp money) for a time when one may need it 节省（尤指金钱）以备不时之需; 未雨绸缪.
raise
/ reIz; rez/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) lift or move (sth) to a higher level; cause to rise 举起, 升起, 提起, 抬起（某物）: raise one's hand 举手 * He raised his eyes from his work. 他停下工作举目观看. * raise a sunken ship (up) to the surface 把沉船打捞出水面 * raise one's hat to sb, ie as a sign of respect 向某人举帽致敬. (b) move (sth/sb) to an upright position 竖起, 立起, 扶起（某物[某人]）: raise a man from his knees 把跪著的男子搀起来 * We raised the fence and fixed it in position. 我们把篱笆竖立起来并固定住.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) increase the amount or volume or heighten the level of sth 增加某物之数量或容量; 提高某事物的水平: raise salaries, prices, profits, etc 增加薪水、 提高价格、 加大利润 * He raised his offer to 500. 他把出价提高到500英镑. * raise one's voice, ie speak more loudly 提高嗓门 * raise the temperature to 80 使温度升高到80 * raise standards of service 提高服务水平 * raise sb's hopes, ie make sb more hopeful 点燃某人的希望.3 [Tn] cause (sth) to arise or appear 引起, 激起（某事物）; 使（某事物）产生或出现: raise doubts, fears, suspicions, etc in people's minds 引起人们的怀疑、 恐惧、 猜疑等 * The horses' hooves raised a cloud of dust. 马蹄扬起了一片尘土. * raise the spirits of the dead 使死者显灵 * The dirty joke raised a blush on her cheek. 这个下流笑话羞得她脸通红.  4 [Tn] (a) cause (sth) to be heard 使（某事）尽人皆知: raise a commotion, fuss, protest, stink, etc 搞出骚乱、 纷扰、 抗议、 纠纷等 * raise the alarm/alert 发出警报 * The retort raised a cheer in support of the speaker. 发言人这一反驳博得了一片支持的欢呼声. (b) bring (sth) up for discussion or attention; put forward 将（某事物）提出讨论或引起注意: The book raises many important issues (for our consideration). 该书提出了许多重要问题（值得考虑）. * I'm glad you raised that point. 你能把那一点指出来, 我感到很高兴.  5 [Tn] bring or collect (sth) together; manage to obtain 召集或集结（某事物）; 筹措: raise an army 招募军队 * raise a loan, a subscription, etc 借款、 募捐 * raise funds for charity, eg by holding a bazaar 筹集慈善基金（如藉助於举行义卖活动） * a fund-raising event 筹款活动.  6 [Tn] (a) (esp US) bring up (a child, etc) 养育（孩子等）: I was raised by my aunt on a farm. 我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的. * It's difficult raising a family on a small income. 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的. (b) breed (farm animals); grow or produce (crops) 饲养（家畜）; 种植或生产（作物）. Cf 参看 rear2.  7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) build or erect (a monument, statue, etc) 建造或树立（纪念碑、 雕像等）: raise a memorial to those killed in war 立碑纪念战争中的死难者.  8 [Tn] end (a siege, etc) 解除（包围等）: raise a blockade, a ban, an embargo 解除封锁、 禁令、 禁运.  9 [Tn] (infml 口) get in contact with (sb); find (sth) 与（某人）接触; 与（某人）建立联系; 找到（某人）: I can't raise her on the phone. 我打电话找不到她. * I've been trying to raise this spare part everywhere. 我一直在到处寻找, 想弄到这种备件.  10 [Tn] (in card-games, esp poker) bet more than (another player) （纸牌戏, 尤指扑克牌戏中）下赌注超过（对手）: I'll raise you! 我超过你（的赌注）!  11 (idm 习语) kick up/raise a dust => dust1. lift/raise a finger/hand => lift. raise `Cain/`hell/the `roof (infml 口) be very angry; cause an uproar 大怒; 大吵大闹: He raised Cain when he found he had been cheated. 他发觉受骗而勃然大怒. raise one's `eyebrows (at sth) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) show disdain or surprise 表示轻蔑或惊讶: Eyebrows were raised/There were many raised eyebrows when he shaved all his hair off. 他把头发剃光了, 人人见了都大吃一惊. raise one's glass (to sb) drink a toast (to sb) 向（某人）祝酒. raise sb's hackles => hackles. raise/start a hare => hare. raise a `laugh/`smile amuse people enough to make them laugh/smile 逗得人大笑[发笑]. raise/lower one's sights => sight1. raise sb's `spirits make sb feel more cheerful or brave 使某人感到振奋或受到鼓舞; 鼓起某人的勇气: My win at chess raised my spirits a little. 我赢了这盘国际象棋才打起了一点精神. raise the `temperature increase tension, hostility, etc 加剧紧张气氛、 敌对情绪等: This insult raised the temperature of the discussion. 这种侮辱的言语使讨论的气氛顿时紧张起来. raise one's voice a`gainst sb/sth speak firmly and boldly against sb/sth 坚决而勇敢地发言反对某人[某事物].
raise 
n (US) =rise1 3: get a raise of 200 获得加薪 200 英镑.
-raiser 
(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) person or thing that raises (raise 5) 进行召集或筹措的人或事物: a `curtain-raiser, ie a short play before the main one * `fire-raisers, ie arsonists * a `fund-raiser.
raisin
/ 5reIzn; `rezn/ n dried sweet grape, used in cakes, puddings, etc 葡萄乾. Cf 参看 sultana 1.
raison d'etre
/ 9reIzCn 5detrE; `rezRn`dZt/ n [sing] (French 法) reason for or justification of sb's/sth's existence （某人[某事物]）存在的原因或理由: Work seems to be her raison d'etre. 工作似乎就是她生活的目的.
raj
/ rB:dV; rBdV/ n [U] the raj (also the Raj, the British Raj) (period of) British rule in India 英国在印度的统治（时期）: life under the Raj, ie before 1947 英国统治印度时期的生活（1947年之前）.
rajah (also raja) 
/ 5rB:dVE; `rBdVE/ n (formerly) (title of an) Indian king or prince （旧时）印度的君主或王子（的称号）. Cf 参看 ranee.
rake
/ reIk; rek/ n  1 (a) long-handled tool with a row of prongs at the end for drawing together fallen leaves, smoothing soil, etc 耙子. (b) similar mechanical farm tool on wheels, usu for gathering hay, etc 耙机（有轮, 通常用以收集乾草等）.  2 similar implement, used eg by a croupier for drawing in money at a gambling table 钱耙（赌桌主持人收取钱用的）.
rake 
v  1 [I, Tn, Cn.a] use a rake on (sth); level (sth) with a rake 用耙子耙（某物）; 用耙子耙平（某物）: I was busy raking. 我在忙著用耙子干活. * rake the soil (smooth), eg before planting seeds 把地耙平（如在播种以前）.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) remove ashes from (a fire, kiln, etc) 将灰从（炉、 　等）里耙出来.  3 [Tn] fire a gun at or point a camera, telescope, etc at (sth) while moving it from one side to the other （用枪、 照相机、 望远镜等）扫射, 扫拍, 扫视（某物）: rake the enemy lines with machine-gun fire 用机枪扫射敌人的防线 * The bird-watcher raked the trees with his binoculars. 观察野鸟的人用双筒望远镜扫视树木.  4 (idm 习语) rake over old `ashes revive (usu unpleasant) memories of the past 回想起（通常指不愉快的）往事.  5 (phr v) rake about/around (for sth) search carefully 仔细搜寻: We raked around in the files, but couldn't find the letter. 我们翻遍了文件夹, 怎麽也找不到那封信. rake sth/it in (infml 口) earn a lot of (money, etc) 挣大量的（钱等）: raking in the profits 挣得大量利润 * She gets tips as well as her wages, so she's really raking it in. 她又领工资又收小费, 真赚了不少钱. rake sth together, up, etc move sth together, up, etc with a rake 用耙把某物耙在一起、 耙成一堆等: rake together dead leaves (into a heap) 把枯叶耙到一起（聚成一堆） * rake hay up 把乾草耙成一堆 * rake the cut grass off the lawn 把刈下的草耙出草坪. rake sb/sth together/up (infml 口) collect (people or things) with difficulty 费力地凑集（人或物）: ��IWe need to rake up two more players to form a team. 我们需要物色两名队员才能凑成一个队. * I couldn't rake together enough money for a new bike. 我凑不够买一辆新自行车的钱. rake sth up (infml 口) remind people of (sth that it would be better to forget) 使人回想起（最好不再想起的事）: rake up old quarrels, grievances, etc 重新提起旧日的争吵事、 冤情等 * Don't rake up the past. 别再提那些往事了.
rake-off 
n (infml 口) share of profits or commission, esp from dishonest or illegal activity 利润的分成或回扣（尤指从不正当或非法活动中获取者）: She got a rake-off of 5 per cent from the deal. 她从这笔交易中获得百分之五的回扣.
rake
/ reIk; rek/ n (dated 旧) man, esp a rich and fashionable one, who lives a wild immoral life 过放荡生活的男子（尤指时髦的富人）; 浪子.
rakish 
/ 5reIkIF; `rekIF/ adj  1 of or like a rake （似）浪子的; 放荡的: a rakish appearance, look, etc 浪荡的外表、 样子等.  2 jaunty or dashing 得意洋洋的; 潇洒的: a hat set at a rakish angle, eg on the back of the head orsideways 神气地歪戴著帽子. 
rakishly 
adv 
rakishness
n [U].
rake
/ reIk; rek/ n [sing] (a) backward slope, eg of a ship's mast or funnel or of a driver's seat 後倾（如船的桅杆或烟囱或司机座椅等的）. (b) downward slope of a stage in a theatre, ie towards the audience （剧院舞台的）前倾（即向观众一方倾斜）.
rake 
v [I, Tn] be or place (sth) at a sloping angle 倾斜; 使（某物）倾斜: The stage rakes steeply. 这舞台坡度很大. * The seat back is raked for extra comfort. 这椅背向後倾斜更加舒适.
rallentando
/ 9rAlEn5tAndEU; 9rAlEn`tAndo/ adj, adv, n(pl -dos or  -di / -di:; -di/) (music 音) (passage performed) with gradually decreasing speed 渐慢; 渐慢的乐段. Cf 参看 accelerando.
rally
/ 5rAlI; `rAlI/ v (pt, pp rallied)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (round/to sb/sth); ~ (round) (of people) come together, esp to make new efforts, eg after a defeat or when there is danger, need, etc （指人）集合起来（尤指重新努力, 如失败後或有危险、 需要等时）: The troops rallied (round their leader/the flag). 部队重新集结（在指挥官[旗帜]周围）. * They rallied to their leader's cause. 他们团结一致支持领袖的事业. * When their mother was ill, the children all rallied round. 母亲生病时, 孩子们都来到她身旁. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (round sb); ~ sb (together) bring (people) together in this way （重新）召集（人）: The leader rallied his men (round him). 指挥官重新集结其部属.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) recover health, strength, etc; revive; rouse （使某人[某事物]）恢复健康、 力量等; 复苏; 振作: rally from an illness 康复 * Her spirits rallied on hearing the good news. 她听到这好消息精神又振作起来. * The team rallied after the first half. 该队在上半场过後士气大增.  3 [I] (of share prices, etc) increase after a fall （指股票价格等）跌後回升.
rally 
n  1 [sing] act of rallying 集合; 集结; 重整: Bugler, sound the rally! 司号兵, 吹集合号!  2 [C] large gathering of people with a common (usu political) purpose （具有共同目的的人们参加的, 通常为政治性的）群众大会: a party rally 政党集会 * hold/stage a`peace rally 举行拥护和平的群众大会.  3 [sing] recoveryof health, strength, etc, eg after an illness; revival （健康、 力量等的）恢复, 康复; 复苏: an unexpected rally (ie increase in the price) of tin shares on the Stock Market 股票市场上锡股价格的意外回升.  4 [C] (in tennis, squash, etc) series of strokes before a point is scored （网球、 壁球等）得分前的连续对打: a fifteen-stroke rally 连续对打了十五下.  5 [C] driving competition for motor vehicles over public roads 公路赛车.
rally
/ 5rAlI; `rAlI/ v (pt, pp rallied) [Tn] (dated 旧) mock (sb) in a good-humoured way; tease 善意地嘲讽（某人）; 揶揄.
ram
/ rAm; rAm/ n  1 uncastrated male sheep （未阉割的）公羊. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. Cf 参看 ewe, tup.  2 =battering ram (batter1).  3 any of several devices in machines for plunging or striking with great force, eg the falling weight of a pile-driver 撞击装置（如打桩机的夯锤）.
ram 
v (-mm-)  1 (a) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against/into) sth crash against sth; strike or push sth with great force 撞击某物; 猛击或猛推某物: The car rammed against/into the lorry. 小汽车撞了卡车. * The ice skater rammed into the barrier. 溜冰者撞到护栏上了. * They rammed the door to smash it down. 他们使劲把门撞破. (b) [Tn] (of a ship) strike or run into (another ship) in an attempt to sink it （指船）撞击（另一船）（企图撞沉）: The frigate rammed the submarine. 护卫舰撞击了潜艇.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth in, into, on, etc sth drive sth into place by ramming 将某物打入、 夯入、 压入或填入某物: rampiles into a river bed 把桩子打入河床 * (infml 口) ram clothes into a suitcase 把衣服塞进衣箱 * He rammed his hat on his head. 他把帽子扣在头上.  3 (phr v) ram sth down flatten (eg a surface) by ramming 夯平, 压平（如某物表面）: ram down the soil, eg when building roads 把地面夯实（如筑路时）. ram sth home (a) force sth into place by ramming 填实; 塞满: ram a charge (ie of gunpowder) home 装好火药. (b) (fig 比喻) emphasize (eg a point, an argument) to make it more convincing 强调（如某论点、 论据）使之更具说服力.
ram-jet 
n (also ram-jet engine) type of jet engine that uses air forced in by the speed of flight to burn fuel 冲压式喷气发动机.
RAM
/ 9B:r eI 5em; 9Br e `Zm/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (computing 计) random access memory 随机存取存储器: a RAM software component 随机存取存储器软件. Cf 参看 ROM.  2 (Brit) Royal Academy of Music 英国皇家音乐学院.
Ramadan
/ 9rAmE5dAn; Brit also -5dB:n; 9rAmE`dAn/ n the ninth month of the Muslim year, when Muslims fast during the hours of daylight 赖买丹月（伊斯兰教历的第九月）; 斋月.
ramble
/ 5rAmbl; `rAmbl/ v  1 [I, Ip] walk for pleasure with no special destination 漫步; 闲逛: I like rambling (around/about) in the country. 我喜欢在乡间漫步. Cf 参看 hike 1.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sb/sth) (fig 比喻) wander in one's talk or writing by not keeping to the subject 漫谈; 闲聊; 漫笔: The old man rambled (on) about the past. 这位老者在聊过去的事情.  3 [I] (of plants) grow or climb over other plants, hedges, etc with long trailing shoots （指植物）蔓生, 攀缘生长.
ramble 
n rambling walk 漫步: go for/on a ramble in the country 去乡间漫步.
rambler 
/ 5rAmblE(r); `rAmblL/ n  1 person who rambles(ramble 1) 漫步者.  2 rambling plant 蔓生植物: [attrib 作定语] rambler roses 攀缘蔷薇.
rambling 
adj  1 (esp of buildings, streets, towns, etc) extending in various directions irregularly （尤指建筑物、 街道、 城镇等）无规则地向各方延伸的, 布局凌乱的.  2 (of a plant) growing or climbing with long trailing shoots （指植物）蔓生的, 攀缘的.  3 (of a speech, essay, etc) not keeping to the subject; disconnected （指讲话、 文章等）不切题的, 不连贯的.
rambunctious
/ rAm5bQNkFEs; rAm`bQNkFEs/ adj (infml 口 esp US) =rumbustious.
ramekin
/ 5rAmEkIn; `rAmEkIn/ n (a) small mould for baking and serving an individual portion of food （烘烤一人分量的食物用的）小模子, 小烤盘: [attrib 作定语] a `ramekin dish 一人分量的烤盘食物. (b) food served in this 小烤盘中的食物: a cheese `ramekin 一烤盘有乾酪的食物.
ramify
/ 5rAmIfaI; `rAmE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esppassive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) (cause sth to) branch out in many directions; make or become a network （使某物）向各方分枝; （使）成网状: a ramified system, eg of railways 网状系统（如铁路的）.
ramification 
/ 9rAmIfI5keIFn; 9rAmEfE`keFEn/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) part of a complex structure; secondary consequence, esp one that complicates 某复杂系统之部分; 分支（尤指形成复杂结构者）: widespread ramifications of trade 广布各地的贸易分支机构 * I couldn't follow all the ramifications of the plot. 我并不完全明白故事的所有情节.
ramp
/ rAmp; rAmp/ n  1 slope joining two levels of ground, a floor, a road, etc （地面、 地板、 道路等两水平面之间的）斜面, 斜坡, 斜道: push a wheelchair up/down a ramp 把轮椅推上[下]坡道 * Beware ramp, eg seen on a road sign. 注意斜坡（如路标所示）.  2 movable set of steps for entering and leaving an aircraft （上下飞机用的）移动式舷梯.
ramp
/ rAmp; rAmp/ n (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) swindle, esp one that involves charging excessively high prices 诈骗; （尤指）敲诈, 敲竹杠.
rampage
/ rAm5peIdV; rAm`pedV/ v [Ipr, Ip] rush around wildly or violently 狂暴地乱冲乱闯: The mob rampaged through the village. 这夥暴徒在村中横冲直撞.
rampage 
n (idm 习语) be/go on the `rampage go about behaving violently or destructively 到处进行暴力或破坏活动: drunken soldiers on the rampage 喝醉酒而到处闹事的大兵.
rampant
/ 5rAmpEnt; `rAmpEnt/ adj  1 (of disease, crime, etc) flourishing excessively; unrestrained （指疾病、 罪恶等）猖獗的, 遏制不住的: Cholera was rampant in the district. 这个区里霍乱蔓延十分严重. * a city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城市.  2 (of plants) growing too luxuriantly or thickly （指植物）过於繁茂的: Rampant ivy had covered the wall. 密密的常春藤遮住了这面墙.  3 (usu directly after a n 通常直接用於名词之後) (heraldry 纹) (of an animal on a coat of arms) standing on one hind leg with forelegs raised （指盾形纹章上的动物）用一只後腿站立前脚跃起的: lions rampant 立狮纹章. Cf 参看 couchant. 
rampantly 
adv.
rampart
/ 5rAmpB:t; `rAmpBrt/ n  1 (esp pl 尤作复数) defensive wall round a fort, etc consisting of a wide bank of earth with a path for walking along the top （城堡等周围宽阔的）防御土墙.  2 (esp sing 尤作单数) defence; protection 防御; 保护: a rampart against infection 对传染病的预防.
ramrod
/ 5rAmrCd; `rAm9rBd/ n  1 iron rod formerly used for ramming the charge into muzzle-loading guns 推弹杆（旧时前膛枪炮装火药用的铁棒）.  2 (idm 习语) (as) stiff/straight as a `ramrod (of a person) very erect （指人）挺立的: The soldier stood stiff as a ramrod. 这士兵站得笔直.
ramshackle
/ 5rAmFAkl; `rAmFAkl/ adj (of houses, vehicles, etc) almost collapsing （指房屋、 车辆等）破烂不堪的: a ramshackle old bus 快要报废的公共汽车 * (fig 比喻) a ramshackle organization 即将解体的组织.
ran
pt of run1.
ranch
/ rB:ntF; ?@ rAntF; rAntF/ n (a) large farm, esp in the US or Canada, where cattle are bred; similar farm producing crops, fruit, chickens, etc 大牧牛场（尤指美国或加拿大的）; 农场、 果园、 养鸡场等: [attrib 作定语] a ranch house 大农场主的住宅. (b) farm where certain other animals are bred 牧场; 饲养场: a mink ranch 水貂饲养场.
rancher 
n person who owns, manages or works on a ranch 大农场等的主人、 管理人或工人.
rancid
/ 5rAnsId; `rAnsId/ adj  1 (of fatty foods) tasting or smelling bad because of staleness （指含油脂食物）因变质而有陈腐味道或气味的: The butter has gone/turned rancid. 这黄油已经哈喇了.  2 (of smells or tastes) like stale fat （指气味或味道）如陈腐脂肪味的: the rancid stench of dirty drains 脏水沟发出的腐臭味. 
rancidness 
n [U].
rancour (US rancor) 
/ 5rANkE(r); `rANkL/ n [U] deep long-lasting bitterness or ill-will; spite 深仇; 积怨; 怨恨: feel full of rancour against sb 对某人怀有深仇大恨. 
rancorous 
/ 5rANkErEs; `rANkErEs/ adj. 
rancorously 
adv.
rand
/ rAnd; rAnd/ n unit of money in the Republic of South Africa; 100 cents 兰特（南非共和国货币单位, 等於100分）.
rand
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The pronunciation of rand varies. *rand 一字的读音有多种. In South Africa commonly heard variants are 在南非常可听到以下异读形式: / rB:nd, rB:nt, rCnt; rAnd, rBnd, rBnt/.
random
/ 5rAndEm; `rAndEm/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] done, chosen, etc without method or conscious choice; haphazard 随便的; 任意的; 胡乱的: a random sample, selection, etc 随意抽取的样品、 任意选择的东西 * a few random remarks 随便说的话. 
random 
n (idm 习语) at `random without method or conscious choice 随便; 任意: draw the winning numbers at random 任意抽出的中奖数字 * open a book at random, ie not at any particular page 打开一本书的 任何一页 * The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. 恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击. 
randomly 
adv: people randomly chosen, eg to carry out a survey 任意选择的人（如为进行抽样调查）.
random access (also direct access) 
(computing 计) process that allows information in a computer to be stored or retrieved without reading through items storedpreviously 随机存取. Cf 参看 read only (read). ,random access `memory (abbr 缩写 RAM) computer memory used temporarily to store data (usu found by random access) that can be changed or removed 随机存取存储器. Cf 参看 read only memory (read).
randy
/ 5rAndI; `rAndI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit) sexually excited; lustful 性欲冲动的; 好色的: a randy tom-cat 闹春的雄猫 * I feel really randy. 我的确有些性冲动. 
randily 
adv. 
randiness 
n [U].
ranee (also rani) 
/ 5rB:ni:; `rBni/ n (formerly) Hindu queen or princess; rajah's wife or widow （旧时）印度的女王或公主, 印度君主之妻或遗孀.
rang
pt of ring2.
range
/ reIndV; rendV/ n  1 [C] connected line or row of mountains, hills, etc （山、 丘等连贯而成的）脉, 排, 列, 行: a mountain-range 山脉.  2 [C] group or series of similar things; selection or variety 成套或成系列的东西; 种类: sell/stock a whole range of tools, dresses, foods 出售[备有]各种各样的工具、 服装、 食品 * The new model comes in an exciting range of colours. 这种新式样有各种鲜艳的颜色. * have a wide/narrow range of interests, hobbies, etc 兴趣、 爱好等甚广[不广].  3 [C] limits between which sth varies; extent （种类或变化的）限度, 范围, 幅度, 程度: a soprano's range, ie between her top and bottom notes 女高音的音域 * What is the salary range for the post? 这一职位的薪金幅度是多少? * The annual range of temperature is from -10C to 40C. 全年的温度较差为-10C至40C. * There's a wide range of ability in the class. 这班的水平差距很大. * That subject is outside my range, ie one I have not studied. 那个问题已超出了我的研究范围.  4 (a) [U] distance within which one can see or hear; distance over which sounds will travel 视力或听力所达到的距离; 声音所能传送的距离: It came within my range of vision. 该物体进入了我的视野. * take a long-range shot, eg with a camera 进行远距离拍摄 * They live within range of the transmitter. 他们住在无线电发射机的有效范围以内. * She was out of range (of my voice). 她在那地方听不见（我的声音）. (b) [U, sing] distance to which a gun will shoot, or over which a missile, shell, etc will travel （枪炮、 导弹等的）射程: The gun has a range of five miles. 这炮的射程为五英里. * in/within/out of/beyond (firing) range 在射程以内[以外] * He shot the lion at point-blank range, ie when it was so near that he could not miss. 他在近距离平射射程内向狮子射击. * fire at close/long range 进行近[远]距离射击. (c) [C] distance that a vehicle, aircraft, etc will travel before it needs to be refuelled （车辆、 飞行器等）不再次加油可抵达的距离.  5 [C] (a) area of ground with targets for soldiers, etc to practise shooting 射击场; 靶场: an army range 军用射击场 * a `rifle-range 步枪靶场. (b) area within which rockets and missiles are fired （火箭和导弹的）发射场.  6 [C] area within which a particular plant, animal, etc may be found （某类植物、 动物等的）生长区, 分布区.  7 [sing] (US) large open area for hunting or grazing （大面积空旷的）狩猎场, 放牧场.  8 [C] (esp formerly) cooking stove with ovens and hotplates for pans, etc （尤指旧式的）炉　: a kitchen range 厨房中的炉　.
range-finder 
n device for finding the distance of sb/sth to be shot at or photographed （射击或摄影用的）测距仪, 测远计.
range
/ reIndV; rendV/ v  1 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] arrange (sb/sth) in a line or in ranks, or in a specified way 使（某人[某物]）排成行或队: troops ranged facing each other 面对面排列的部队 * The spectators ranged themselves along the route of the procession. 观众沿队伍行进的路线排成行. * flowerpots ranged in rows on the window-sill 窗台上一排排摆放著的花盆. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself with sb/sth place sb/oneself in a certain group 使某人[自己]站在某一方面: On this issue, she has ranged herself with the Opposition. 在这个问题上, 她站在反对派一边.  2 [Ipr] ~ between A and B/from A to B vary or extend between specified limits 在A和B之间变化或变动; 从A延伸到B: Their ages range from 25 to 50. 他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间. * Prices range between 7 and 10. 售价在7英镑和10英镑之间. * The frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast. 边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸. * His interests ranged from chess to canoeing. 他的爱好从下国际象棋到划独木舟, 范围很广.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (over/through sth) wander over/through (an area) freely; roam 漫游（某地）; 漫步: cattle ranging over the plains 在平原上来回走动的牛 * (fig 比喻) research ranging over a number of fields 涉及若干领域的研究 * a wide-ranging discussion, ie covering many topics 内容广泛的讨论 * range the hills, countryside, etc 漫游山地、 乡村等.  4 [Ipr] ~ over sth (a) (of guns) fire bullets, etc over (a distance) （指枪炮）射程达到（某距离）: This rifle ranges over a mile. 这种步枪射程达一英里. (b) (of bullets, missiles, etc) travel (a distance) （指子弹、 导弹等）射程达到（某距离）.
ranger
/ 5reIndVE(r); `rendVL/ n  1 (a) (Brit) keeper of a royal park, estate, etc who enforces forest laws 皇家园林、 地产等的管理员. (b) (esp US) guard who patrols and protects a forest, etc 担任巡逻和警戒任务的护林员.  2 (US) member of a body of armed mounted men acting as police, eg in thinly populated areas 武装骑警（如驻守人口稀少地区的）: the Texas Rangers 得克萨斯州骑警.  3 (US) commando 突击队员.  4 Ranger (Brit) senior Girl Guide 高年级的女童子军.
rani
=ranee.
rank
/ rANk; rANk/ n  1 [C, U] position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc （职务、 身分、 社会地位等的）等级: ministers of Cabinet rank 内阁各大臣 * a painter of the first/top rank, ie one of the very best 第一流的画家 * people of (high) rank 地位高的人 * people of all ranks and classes 各阶层各阶级的人.  2 [C, U] position or grade in the armed forces 军阶; 军衔:promoted to the rank of captain 晋升到上尉军衔 * above/below a major in rank 军衔高於[低於]少校 * officers of high rank 高级军官 * reach the rank of colonel 高达上校军衔.  3 [C] line or row of things （物体的）行, 列, 排: a `cab/`taxi rank 一排计程车 * Take the taxi at the head of the rank, ie the first in the line. 乘坐排在前头的那辆计程车.  4 (a) [C] line or row of soldiers, policemen, etc standing side by side （士兵、 警察等肩并肩站成的）行列, 横列: ranks of marching infantry 横排行进的步兵 * keep/break ranks, ie remain/fail to remain in line 保持[打乱]队形. (b) the ranks [pl] (also `other ranks) ordinary soldiers, ie privates, corporals, etc, not officers 士兵（即二等兵、 下士等, 非军官）: join, serve in, etc the ranks 当兵 * rise from the ranks, ie be made an officer after serving as an ordinary soldier 行伍出身（由士兵升为军官） * be reduced to the ranks, ie (of a sergeant, etc) be made an ordinary soldier as a punishment （指中士等）降级为士兵（作为处罚） * (fig 比喻) join the ranks of the unemployed, ie become unemployed 加入失业者大军（沦为失业者）.  5 (idm 习语) close ranks => close4. pull rank => pull2.
rank 
v (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a rank; grade sb/sth according to quality, achievement, etc 将某人[某事物]置入行列中; （按特性、 成就等）将某人[某事物]分等级: I rank her achievement very highly. 我对她的成就评价很高. * Where/How do you rank Karpov as a chess player? 你把卡尔波夫列为哪一级的棋手? * I rank her among the country's best writers. 我认为她可属全国最优秀作家之列.  2 [Ipr] have a rank or place 属某等级; 居某地位: Does he rank among/with the failures? 他可以算作失败的那一类人吗? * A major ranks above a captain. 少校比上尉军衔高. * a high-ranking official, delegate, etc 高级官员、 代表等.  3 [Tn] (US) have a higher rank than (sb) 比（某人）级别高.
the rank and file  
1 the ordinary soldiers, not officers 士兵（非军官）.  2 (fig 比喻) the ordinary members of an organization （某组织的）普通成员: the rank and file of the party 普通党员 * [attrib 作定语] rank-and-file workers 普通工作者.
ranking officer 
(US) officer of the highest rank present 在场的最高级军官.
rank
/ rANk; rANk/ adj  1 (a) (of plants, etc) growing too thickly; over-luxuriant （指植物等）生长过盛的; 过於繁茂的: rank grass, ivy, etc 蔓生的杂草、 常春藤等 * roses that grow rank 过於茂盛的玫瑰. (b) ~ (with sth) (of land) full of or likely to produce many weeds （指土地）长满杂草的, 易生杂草的: rank soil, earth, etc 杂草滋生的土壤、 土地等 * a field rank with nettles and thistles 一块长满荨　和大蓟的土地.  2 smelling or tasting bad; offensive 气味或味道不好的; 讨厌的: rank tobacco 呛人的烟叶 * the rank stench of rotting meat 腐肉的臭味.  3 [attrib 作定语] (esp derog 尤作贬义) complete and utter; unmistakable 完全的; 不折不扣的: a rank traitor, lie 十足的卖国贼、 谎言 * rank insolence, stupidity, injustice, etc 极端的无礼、 愚蠢、 不公等 * The winning horse was a rank outsider. 获胜的马是一匹完全不起眼儿的冷门马. 
rankly 
adv. 
rankness 
n [U].
rankle
/ 5rANkl; `rANkl/ v [I] cause lasting bitterness or resentment 使痛苦不已; 使怨恨不已: The insult still rankled in his mind. 他对那次受辱仍耿耿於怀.
ransack
/ 5rAnsAk; ?@ rAn5sAk; rAn`sAk/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) search (a place) thoroughly 彻底搜索（某处）: I've ransacked the house for those papers, but I can't find them. 我满房子各处寻找那些文件, 但却找不到.  2 [Tn] plunder (sth); pillage 抢劫（某物）; 掠夺: Burglars ransacked the stately home. 盗贼洗劫了这所富丽堂皇的住宅.
ransom
/ 5rAnsEm; `rAnsEm/ n  1 [U] release of a captive in return for money, etc demanded by his captors （劫持者要求）付赎金等使被劫持者获释; 赎身: [attrib 作定语] ransom money 赎金.  2 [U, C] money, etc paid for this 赎金; 用以赎身之物: pay ransom to the kidnappers 付给绑架者赎金 * The kidnappers demanded a ransom of 10000 for his release. 绑架者要10000英镑赎金才释放他.  3 (idm 习语) hold sb to `ransom (a) keep sb captive and demand ransom for him 禁锢被绑架者以勒索赎金. (b) (fig 比喻) demand concessions from sb by using threats 以威胁手段逼某人让步: The unions are holding the country to ransom, eg by a national strike. 工会正在挟制国家以逼迫政府让步（如否则采取全国大罢工）. a king's ransom => king.
ransom 
v [Tn] (a) obtain the release of (a captive) in return for payment 以赎金赎回（被劫持者）. (b) hold (a captive) and demand ransom for him 禁锢（被劫持者）以勒索赎金.
rant
/ rAnt; rAnt/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) (derog 贬)  1 speak loudly, violently or theatrically 大声地、 激昂地或拿腔拿调地说话: He ranted (on) at me about my mistakes. 他大声数落我. * This actor rants his lines. 这演员背台词拿腔拿调.  2 (idm 习语) ,rant and `rave (at sb/sth) condemn or censure sb/sth loudly and forcefully 大声地、 狠狠地责备或训斥某人[某事物]: You can rant and rave at the fine, but you'll still have to pay it. 你闹也好, 骂也好, 罚金还是得交. 
ranter
/ 5rAntE(r); `rAntL/ n.
rap
/ rAp; rAp/ n  1 [C] (sound of a) quick sharp blow or knock （轻快的）敲击（声）; 急敲（声）: a sharp rap on the elbow 碰了一下胳膊肘 * There was a rap at/on the door. 有敲门声.  2 [U] (US sl 俚) rapid talk; chatter 速度快的谈话; 唠叨.  3 (idm 习语) beat the rap => beat1. give sb/get a ,rap on/over the `knuckles (infml 口) reproach or rebuke sb 责备或训斥某人: He got a rap over the knuckles from the teacher for not doing enough work. 他没做完功课挨了老师一通训. take the rap (for sth) (infml 口 esp US) be punished, esp for sth one has not done 受罚; （尤指）背黑锅.
rap 
v (-pp-)  1 (a) [Tn] strike (sth) quickly andsmartly （轻而快地）敲击（某物）; 急敲（某物）: She rapped my knuckles. 她轻而快地敲打我的指节. (b) [Ipr, Tn] knock or tap lightly and quickly 轻敲; 急敲: rap (on) the table 轻敲桌子 * rap (at) the door 轻轻叩门.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) reproach or rebuke (sb) 责备或训斥（某人）: She rapped the Minister publicly for his indiscreet remarks. 她公开斥责那位大臣言论失当.  3 [I] (US sl 俚) talk or chatter rapidly 快速地说; 唠叨.  4 (phr v) rap sth out (a) say sth abruptly and sharply 突然厉声说出某事: The officer rapped out the orders. 那军官厉声发出命令. (b) express sth by taps 用敲击表达某事物: The prisoner rapped out a message on the cell wall. 那囚犯敲打囚室的墙来传达讯息.
rap
/ rAp; rAp/ n (idm 习语) not care/give a rap (about/for sb/sth) (infml 口) not care at all 毫不在乎.
rapacious
/ rE5peIFEs; rE`peFEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 greedy, esp for money; grasping 贪婪的; （尤指）贪财的: fall into the clutches of a rapacious landlord 落入一个贪婪的地主手中 * rapacious business methods 唯利是图的生意经.  2 plundering and robbing others 抢劫的; 掠夺的: rapacious marauders, invaders, etc 肆意掠夺的强盗、 侵略者等.
rapaciously 
adv.
rapacity 
/ rE5pAsEtI; rE`pAsEtI/ n [U] greed; desire to rob and plunder 贪婪; 贪心; 劫掠的欲望.
rape
/ reIp; rep/ v [Tn] commit the crime of forcing (a woman or girl) to have sexual intercourse against her will 强奸（女子）.
rape 
n [C, U]  1 (act of) raping; being raped 强奸: commit two rapes 犯两次强奸罪 * Is rape on the increase? 强奸案是否越来越多了? * Her rape had a profound psychological effect on her. 她被强奸这件事造成了她心理上的严重创伤.  2 (fig 比喻) act of violently interfering with sth 肆意损坏某事物: the rape of the countryside, eg by removing ancient hedges 对乡村的破坏（如拆除古老的树篱）.
rapist 
/ 5reIpIst; `repIst/ n person who commits rape 强奸者; 强奸犯.
rape
/ reIp; rep/ n [U] plant grown as food for farm animals and for its seed, from which oil is made 油菜, 芸薹（可作饲料, 种子可榨油）: a field of rape 一块油菜田 * ,rape-seed `oil 油菜籽油 * ,oilseed `rape 油料作物油菜.
rapist 
/ 5reIpIst; `repIst/ n person who commits rape 强奸者; 强奸犯.
rapid
/ 5rApId; `rApId/ adj  1 (a) moving or acting with great speed; fast 迅速的; 快的: a rapid pulse, heartbeat 过快的脉搏、 心搏 * ask several questions in rapid succession 快速连续提出几个问题 * the rapid to-and-fro movements of a piston 活塞快速的往复运动. (b) happening in a short time; prompt 短时间内发生的; 敏捷的: a rapid decline in sales 销售额的急剧下降 * Cats have rapid reflexes. 猫的反应很敏捷.  2 (of a slope) descending steeply （指斜坡）陡的.  3 (idm 习语) make great/rapid strides => stride n.
rapidity 
/ rE5pIdEtI; rE`pIdEtI/ n [U].
rapidly 
adv.
rapids 
n [pl] swift current in a river caused by a steep downward slope in the river bed （河的）急流, 湍流: shoot the rapids, eg in a canoe 穿过急流（如乘独木舟）.
rapid-fire 
adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (of a gun) firing bullets, etc in quick succession （指枪炮）速射的. (b) (fig 比喻) (of questions, etc) spoken very quickly, one after the other （指问题等）连珠炮似的: the rapid-fire jokes of a comedian 喜剧演员连续说出的笑话.
rapid transit 
(US) (system of) fast urban public transport, eg by underground or overhead railway 城市高速交通（系统）（如地铁或高架铁路）.
rapier
/ 5reIpIE(r); `repIL/ n light thin double-edged sword, used for thrusting 一种轻巧细长的剑（用以刺戳）: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) rapier wit 机智的言语. =>illus at sword 见sword插图.
rapier-thrust 
n (fig 比喻) witty remark or reply 机智巧妙的言语或回答.
rapine
/ 5rApaIn; ?@ 5rApIn; `rApIn/ n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) act of seizing property by force; plundering 劫掠; 强夺: land ravaged by pillage and rapine 遭劫掠蹂躏的国土.
rapport
/ rA5pR:(r); ?@ -5pR:rt; rA`pRrt/ n [U, sing] ~ (with sb/between A and B) sympathetic and harmonious relationship 融洽和谐的关系: He is in rapport with his pupils. 他与学生关系很好. * The actor developed a close rapport with his audience. 该演员与观众建立了密切的关系. * Father and son have a great rapport. 父子情深.
rapprochement
/ rA5prCFmCN, rA5prEUF-; ?@ 9rAprEUF-5mCN; 9rAproF`mBN/ n (French 法) ~ (with sb/between A and B) renewal of friendly relations, esp between countries 友好关系的恢复（尤指国家间）: bring about a rapprochement between warring states, factions, etc 交战国、 派系等恢复友好关系.
rapscallion
/ rAp5skAljEn; rAp`skAljEn/ n (arch or joc 古或谑) rascal; rogue 流氓; 坏蛋.
rapt
/ rApt; rApt/ adj ~ (in sth) so intent or absorbed that one is unaware of other things; spellbound 全神贯注的; 入迷的: a rapt expression, look, smile, etc 著迷的表情、 样子、 微笑等 * rapt in contemplation, thought, devotion, etc 一心一意地沉思、 思考、 奉献等 * He listened to the music with rapt attention. 他屏气凝神地听著音乐. 
raptly 
adv.
rapture
/ 5rAptFE(r); `rAptFL/ n  1 [U] intense delight 极度的欢喜: gazing in/with rapture at the girl he loved 喜不自胜地注视著他心爱的姑娘.  2 (idm 习语) be in, go into, etc raptures (about/over sb/sth) feel or express great delight or enthusiasm 狂喜; 狂热: I'm in raptures about my new job. 我对这一新工作喜不可言.
rapturous 
/ 5rAptFErEs; `rAptFErEs/ adj causing or expressing rapture （使人）欣喜若狂的: rapturous applause热烈的掌声 * give sb a rapturous welcome/reception 热情洋溢地欢迎[接待]某人 * a rapturous sigh, look 欣喜若狂的惊叹、 神情. 
rapturously 
adv.
rare
/ reE(r); rZr/ adj (-r, -st)  1 not often happening or seen, etc; unusual 稀有的; 罕见的; 不寻常的: a rare occurrence, sight, visitor 稀罕事、 罕见的景象、 稀客 * a rare book, plant, butterfly, ie one of only a few that exist珍本书、 珍奇的植物、 稀有的蝴蝶 * With rare exceptions, he does not appear in public now. 除了极其个别的情况外, 他现在不公开露面. * It is rare for her to arrive late. 她很少有迟到的时候.  2 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) unusually good or great 极好的; 极大的: be shy, tolerant, etc to a rare degree 极为　腆、 宽容等 * We had a rare (old) time at the party. 我们在聚会时玩得高兴极了.  3 (of gases, esp the atmosphere) of less than usual density （指气体, 尤指空气）稀薄的.
rarely 
adv not often; seldom 不常: I rarely eat in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭. * (fml 文) Only rarely do I eat in restaurants. 我极少到饭馆就餐.
rareness 
n [U].
rare earth 
any of a group of metallic elements with similar chemical properties 稀土元素.
rare
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A thing or an event may be rare when it is found or occurs infrequently. 很少见到的东西或很少发生的现象, 可用rare一词来表达. It may once have been common 这类东西或现象可能在过去很普通: The panda is now a rare animal. 熊猫现在是稀有动物. *  A top hat is a rare sight these days. 高顶大礼帽现在已不多见. It may have a special value 这类事物有的可能有特殊价值: a painting of rare distinction 一幅希世之珍的画儿. Something, usually a thing in daily use, is scarce when it is hard to get because it is in short supply 有些东西, 通常为日用品, 因匮乏而难以得到, 即是scarce: Water is scarce in the desert. 在沙漠里水是很难得到的. *  Strawberries are scarce this year. 今年草莓很少.
rare
/ reE(r); rZr/ adj (usu of beef) cooked so that the inside is still red and juicy; underdone （通常指牛肉）半熟的（里面色红肉嫩的）: a (medium-) rare steak 半生半熟的牛排.
rarebit
/ 5reEbIt; `rZr9bIt/ n =Welsh rarebit (Welsh).
rarefy
/ 5reErIfaI; `rZrE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) become thinner or less dense （使某物）变薄, 变稀, 变稀薄: rarefying gases 变得稀薄的气体.
rarefied 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of gases) less dense than is normal; thin （指气体）稀薄的: the rarefied air (ie with little oxygen) of the Andes 安第斯山脉的稀薄空气（缺氧）.  2 (fig 比喻) (of ideas, etc) subtle and refined; lofty and exclusive （指思想等）缜密而纯正的, 清高的: dons living in a rarefied academic atmosphere 生活在纯净的学术气氛中的大学教师.
raring
/ 5reErIN; `rZrIN/ adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口)  1 ~ to do sth so eager or willing to do sth that restraint is difficult 渴望做某事而难以阻止: The horses were raring to have a gallop. 这些马都急不可耐地要飞跑起来. * She is raring to try out her new skates. 她很想试试她那双新溜冰鞋.  2 (idm 习语) ,raring to `go keen to start 巴不得马上开始.
rarity
/ 5reErEtI; `rZrEtI/ n  1 [U] rareness 稀有; 罕见.  2 [C] thing that is uncommon or unusual; thing valued because it is rare 稀有的事物; 因稀少而珍贵的东西: Rain is a rarity in the desert. 在沙漠中雨是很少见的. * ancient scrolls and other rarities 古书卷等珍品.
rascal
/ 5rB:skl; ?@ 5rAskl; `rAskl/ n  1 dishonest person 不诚实的人; 流氓; 无赖.  2 (joc 谑) mischievous or cheeky person who likes playing tricks, esp a child 喜欢恶作剧的人, 爱捣蛋的家伙（尤指儿童）: Give me my keys back, you little rascal! 把钥匙还给我, 你这个小淘气!
rascally 
/ -kElI; -klI/ adj of or like a rascal; dishonest （似）流氓的, 无赖的: a rascally person, trick 奸诈的人、 奸计.
rase
=raze.
rash
/ rAF; rAF/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] patch of tiny red spots on the skin 疹; 皮疹: a `nettle-rash 荨麻疹 * I break out/come out in a rash (ie A rash appears on my skin) if I eat chocolate. 我一吃巧克力, 就出皮疹. * The heat brought her out in (ie caused) a rash. 她热得出了痱子.  2 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) sudden widespread appearance of sth unpleasant 令人不快的事物突然大量出现: a rash of ugly new houses 一下子冒出来的一大片难看的房子 * a rash of strikes in the steel industry 钢铁工业突如其来的一连串大罢工.
rash
/ rAF; rAF/ adj (-er, -est) acting or done without careful consideration of the possible consequences; impetuous 未仔细虑及後果的; 轻率的: a rash young student 鲁莽的年轻学生 * Don't make rash promises, ie ones you may regret. 勿轻易许诺（以免後悔）. * It was rash of you to sign the form without reading it. 你看也不看就在表格上签字真太轻率了. 
rashly 
adv. 
rashness
n [U]: I lent him ￡5 in a moment of rashness. 我一时不慎借给了他 5 英镑.
rasher
/ 5rAFE(r); `rAFL/ n thin slice of bacon or ham 腌猪肉片; 火腿片: a fried egg and a couple of rashers of bacon for breakfast 早餐吃的一个煎鸡蛋和两片腌猪肉.
rasp
/ rB:sp; ?@ rAsp; rAsp/ n  1 [C] coarse file with rows of sharp points on its surface(s) 粗锉刀.  2 [sing] unpleasant grating sound 刺耳的锉磨声: the rasp of a saw on wood 刺耳的锯木声.
rasp 
v  1 [Tn, Cn.a] scrape (sth) with, or as if with, a rasp 用粗锉刀锉（某物）; （如锉一般）刮削（某物）: rasp the surface (smooth) 把表面锉（平）.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in an unpleasant grating voice 以刺耳的粗声说出某事: rasp (out) orders, insults, etc 粗声粗气发出命令、 辱骂之词等. (b) [I, Ip] make an unpleasant grating sound 发出刺耳的锉磨声: a learner rasping (away) on his violin 用小提琴拉出刺耳声音的初学者 * a rasping voice 粗声粗气.  3 (phr v) rasp sth away/off remove sth with a rasp （用粗锉刀）锉掉某物: rasp off the rough edges 把粗糙的边锉掉.
raspberry
/ 5rB:zbrI; ?@ 5rAzberI; `rAz9bZrI/ n  1 (a) type of bramble 悬钩子; 覆盆子: [attrib 作定语] raspberry canes 悬钩子的新枝. (b) its edible sweet red berry 悬钩子的红色聚合果（味甜, 可食）: raspberries and ice-cream 悬钩子加冰激凌 * [attrib 作定语] raspberry jam 悬钩子果酱.  2 (US also razz, Bronx cheer) (infml 口) sound made with the tongue and lips to show dislike, contempt, etc 用舌与唇发出的表示憎恶、 鄙夷等的声音: give/blow sb a raspberry 用舌与唇发声嘲笑某人 * The teacher got a raspberry as she turned her back. 该教师转过身去时有人用舌与唇发出嘲笑她的声音.
Rastafarian
/ 9rAstE5feErIEn; 9rAstE`fArIEn/ n, adj (member) of a Jamaican sect regarding Blacks as a people chosen by God for salvation 拉斯塔法里（牙买加的教派, 认为黑人是上帝将拯救的人）; 该教派的成员.
rat
/ rAt; rAt/ n  1 rodent that looks like, but is larger than, a mouse 大鼠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.  2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) (a) disloyal person, esp one who deserts a cause in times of difficulty 不忠的人; （尤指困难时）背弃事业的人: So you've changed sides, you dirty rat! 那麽, 你改变立场了, 你这可耻的叛徒! (b) unpleasant or despicable man 讨厌的人; 卑鄙的人.  3 (idm 习语) like a drowned rat => drown. the rat race (infml derog 口, 贬) fiercely competitive struggle, esp to keep one's position in work or life 激烈的竞争（尤指为保住职位或地位）: opt out of (ie withdraw from) the rat race 决定退出这场竞争. smell a rat => smell2.
rat 
v (-tt-)  1 [I] (usu 通常作 go ratting) hunt rats 去捕鼠.  2 [I, Ipr] (infml 口) (a) ~ (on sb/sth) break an agreement, a promise, etc; fail to do sth one has undertaken to do 违背协议、 诺言等; 未履行责任. (b) ~ (on sb) reveal a secret; betray sb 泄露秘密; 背叛某人: She's ratted on us  here comes the head teacher! 她把我们出卖了--瞧校长都来了!
rats 
interj (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to express annoyance or contempt 用以表示恼怒或鄙视).
ratter 
n dog or cat that catches rats 捕鼠的狗或猫: Terriers are good ratters. Terriers 是善於捕鼠的狗.
ratty 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (Brit infml 口) easily made angry; irritable 易怒的; 暴躁的: be/feel in a ratty mood 心烦气躁.  2 (US infml 口) shabby or dilapidated 破旧的; 破烂的.  3 of, like or full of rats （似）老鼠的; 有很多老鼠的.
ratbag 
n (sl esp Austral or NZ 俚, 尤用於澳大利亚或新西兰) contemptible person 卑鄙的家伙.
ratfink 
n (US sl derog 俚, 贬)  1 unpleasant person 讨厌的家伙.  2 informer 告密者.
rat-a-tat-tat
=rat.
rat-tat
/ 9rA 5tAt; 9rA`tAt/ (also rat-a-tat / 9rt E 5tt;9rAtE`tAt/, rat-a-tat-tat / 9rt E tt 5tt; 9rAtE9tAt`tAt/) n [sing] sound of rapping or knocking, esp on a door 砰砰的敲击声; （尤指）敲门声: a sharp rat-tat at/on the front door 敲击正门的响亮声音.
pro rata
/ 9prEU 5rB:tE; pro`rBtE/ adj, adv (fml 文) proportional(ly) 成比例（的）: If production costs go up, there will be a pro rata increase in prices/prices will increase pro rata. 若生产成本增加, 则价格也要相应提高.
ratatat
=rat.
ratchet
/ 5rAtFIt; `rAtFIt/ n  1 device consisting of a toothed wheel or bar with a catch that fits between the teeth allowing movement in one direction only 棘轮机构.  2 (also `ratchet-wheel) wheel that forms part of this device 棘轮. =>illus 见插图.
rate
/ reIt; ret/ n  1 standard of reckoning obtained by expressing the quantity or amount of one thing in relation to another 比率; 率: walk at a/the rate of 3 miles an hour 以每小时3英里的速度行走 * produce cars at a rate of 50 a/per week 以每周50辆的速度生产汽车 * the annual `birth/`marriage/`death rate 年出生[结婚/死亡]率 * a high `pass/`failure rate, eg in an exam 高的及格[不及格]率 * the ex`change rate/the rate of ex`change, ie the number of units of one currency given in exchange for one unit of another 兑换率.  2 measure of value, charge or cost 价值、 费用或价格的量度: a ,first-,,second-, ,third-rate `job 一等、 二等、 三等的工作 * postal, advertising, insurance, etc rates 邮资、 广告费、 保险费 * a low/high hourly rate of pay 按小时收取的低[高]报酬 * special reduced rate for children, students, etc 儿童、 学生等的特惠价格 * Surveys offered at reasonable rates. 提供测定服务收费廉宜. * What's the going (ie current) rate for baby-sitters? 请临时保姆的费用现在是多少?  3 speed of movement, change, etc; pace （运动、 变化等的）速度; 进度: at a great, dreadful, steady, etc rate 以很高的、 惊人的、 稳定的...速度 * His pulse-rate dropped suddenly. 他的脉搏突然放慢了. * double the rate of production, development, etc 使生产、 发展等速度提高一倍 * At the rate you work, you'll never finish. 按你这样的工作速度, 你绝对做不完.  4 (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit) tax on land and buildings paid to local authorities （地方当局徵收的）房地产税: set a rate of 66p in the pound, ie 66 pence for every pound of a property's value 规定按财产价值每英镑纳税66便士 * an extra 5 on/off (ie added to/deducted from) the rates 在房地产税中增加[扣除]5英镑.  5 (idm 习语) at `any rate whatever may happen; in any case 无论如何; 不管怎样: That's one part of the job done at any rate. 不管怎麽说, 这个工作已经做了一部分了. at a rate of `knots (infml 口) very rapidly 极快地. at `this/`that rate (infml 口) if this/that continues; doing things this/that way; if this/that is typical 照这样[那样]下去; 照这样[那样]做; 如果情况就是这样[那样]的话: At this rate, we shall soon be bankrupt. 这样下去的话, 我们很快就要破产了.
rate-capping 
n [U] (in Britain) limit on the amount of money a local authority can raise through the rates, imposed by the Government to curb overspending （英国）政府为遏制超支, 限制地方当局徵收房地产税不得超过的最高限额.
ratepayer 
n (Brit) person liable to pay rates 房地产税的纳税人.
rate
/ reIt; ret/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth at sth; ~ sb/sth as sth estimate the worth or value of sb/sth 评定某人[某事物]的价值: (infml 口) I don't rate this play (ie think it is good) at all. 我认为这出戏一点都不好. * What do you rate his income at? 你估计他的收入有多少? * She is highly rated as a novelist. 她这位小说家受到很高的评价.  2 [Tn.pr] regard (sb/sth) as; consider 把（某人[某事物]）看成是; 认为: Do you rate Tom among your friends? 你认为汤姆是你的朋友吗?  3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) (Brit) value (property) in order to assess rates (rate1 4) 核定（财产）的价值以确定应纳的税额: a house rated at 500 per annum 按财产核定每年应纳税500英镑的房子.4 [La] rank or be regarded in a specified way 以某方式划分等级或对待: That task rates low on my priority list. 那件事情并不是我的当务之急.  5 [Tn] (US infml 口) be worthy of (sth); deserve 有（某事物）的价值; 值得: That joke didn't rate a laugh. 那笑话不值一笑.
rateable
/ 5reItEbl; `retEbl/ adj (Brit) (of property) liable for payment of rates (rate1 4) （指财产）应纳税的: the rateable value of a house, ie the value at which a house is assessed for rates 对一所房子的课税估价.
rather
/ 5rB:TE(r); ?@ 5rA-; `rATL/ adv  1 (usu indicating criticism, disappointment or surprise 通常表示批评、 失望或惊奇) to a certain extent; fairly 在一定程度上; 颇. (a) (used before adjs and advs 用於形容词和副词之前): We're having rather cold weather for June. 在六月里, 这样的天气未免有点冷. * The book is rather long. 这本书有点长. (Cf 参看 This is a rather long book.) * You've done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟的. * For an Englishman he speaks French rather well. 他作为英国人, 法语说得很不错. (b) (used before comparatives 用於比较级之前): This hotel is rather more expensive than that. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多. * She drives rather faster than she ought. 她开车的速度比她正常的速度快多了. (c) (used before too 用於too之前): The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习未免太难了. * He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他说得有些太快了, 我听不懂.  2 to a moderate extent; quite 或多或少; 有几分; 相当地. (a) (used before a det 用於限定词之前): It seems rather a good idea. 这似乎是个相当不错的主意. * It's rather a shame that Joyce missed the concert. 乔伊斯未能参加音乐会, 有些可惜. (b) (used before a v 用於动词之前): I rather suspect we're making a big mistake. 我有些怀疑我们可能犯了个大错. * We were rather hoping you'd be free on Friday. 我们很希望你星期五能有空. * The weather rather spoiled our trip to the seaside. 我们去海滨玩却因天气不太好而颇为扫兴. =>Usage at fairly 用法见fairly.  3 (idm 习语) or rather (used to introduce a more precise expression 用以提出更确切的说法): I worked as a secretary, or rather, a typist. 我担任秘书工作, 说得准确些是打字员. * He had to walk  or rather run  to the office. 他得走著--应该说是跑著--去上班. would rather... (than); US also had rather... (than) (usu shortened to 通常略作 'd rather) prefer to 宁愿; 宁可; 较喜欢: I'd rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车. * She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们. * `Some more wine?' `Thank you, I'd rather not. I have to drive home.' ｀再来一点酒好吗?＇｀不要了, 我不能再喝了. 我还得开车回家呢.＇
rather 
interj (dated 旧 Brit) (used when replying to a suggestion, etc and always stressed 用以回答提议等, 须重读) certainly 好哇; 当然: `How about a trip to the coast?' `Rather!' ｀去海滨玩玩好吗?＇｀好极了!＇
rather than 
prep in preference to (sb/sth); instead of 与其（某人[某事物]）; 不愿; 不要; 不是: I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡. * It's management that's at fault rather than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. * Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything. 他惟 恐婚姻破裂, 把一切都告诉了妻子.
ratify
/ 5rAtIfaI; `rAtE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (an agreement, a treaty, etc) officially valid, usu by signing it 使（协议、 条约等）正式生效（通常为经签署）; 正式批准.
ratification 
/ 9rAtIfI5keIFn; 9rAtEfE`keFEn/ n [U] ratifying or being ratified 批准; 认可.
rating
/ 5reItIN; `retIN/ n  1 (a) [C, U] classification or ranking of sb/sth according to quality, etc （人或事物按品质、 特性等划分的）等级, 级别: a high/low popularity, credibility, etc rating 受欢迎、 信用等程度高的[低的] * The critics' rating of the film was low. 评论电影的人对这部影片评价很低. * give medical research a high-priority rating 把医学研究置於高度优先的地位. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] (in the media) popularity of a programme, record, etc, as measured by the number of viewers, buyers, etc （传播媒介）（根据观众、 购买者等的人数得出的节目、 唱片等的）收视率, 收听率, 普及率: Our show has gone up in the ratings. 我们节目的收视率提高了. * Blue Funk's new hit has had good ratings in the charts. 布鲁·芬克新灌录的唱片在流行音乐最畅销的每周目录上排名很高.  2 [C, U] (Brit) (calculation of the) amount payable as a local rate1(4) 房地产税徵收额（的计算）: a rating of 60p in the pound 按财产估价每英镑60便士的房地产税徵收额.  3 [C] status of a person or business with regard to financial responsibility and trustworthiness （个人或公司在财务上的）信誉, 信用程度: have/enjoy a high credit rating 信贷方面信誉良好.  4 (esp Brit) (in the navy) non-commissioned sailor （海军）士兵: officers and ratings 海军官兵.
ratio
/ 5reIFIEU; `reFI9o/ n (pl ~s) relation between two amounts determined by the number of times one contains the other 比; 比率: The ratios of 1 to 5 and 20 to 100 are the same. 1与5之比和20与100之比相同. * Men outnumber women here in the ratio of three to one. 此地男子数量以三比一超过女子. Cf 参看 proportion.
ratiocination
/ 9rAtI9CsI5neIFn; ?@ 9rAFI-; 9rAFI9Bsn`eFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) process of logical and methodical reasoning 推论; 推理.
ration
/ 5rAFn; `rAFEn/ n  1 [C] fixed quantity, esp an official allowance of food, etc in times of shortage 定量; （尤指食物等短缺时的）配给限额: the weekly butter, coal, petrol, etc ration, eg during a war 黄油、 煤炭、 汽油等的每周配给量（如在战争期间） * [attrib 作定语] a ration card/book, ie entitling the holder to a ration 配给卡[簿]（持有者获配给品供应的凭证）.  2 rations [pl] fixed daily allowance of food in the armed forces, etc （军队等每日的）口粮: draw rations 领取口粮.  3 (idm 习语) be on short rations => short1.
ration 
v  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) limit sb/sth to a fixed amount of sth 按定量向某人[某事物]供应某物; 配给: People were rationed to one egg a week. 每周配给一个鸡蛋. * Bread was rationed to one loaf per family. 每户供应一个面包.  2 (phr v) ration sth out distribute (food, etc) in fixed quantities 按定量分发（食品等）: ration the remaining water out among the survivors 把剩余的水分发给幸存者. rationing n [U] system of limiting and sharing food, clothing, etc in times of shortage （食品、 衣物等短缺时实行的）配给制度: The Government may have to introduce petrol rationing. 政府可能不得不实行汽油限量供应.
rational
/ 5rAFnEl; `rAFEnl/ adj  1 able to reason 能推理的: Man is a rational being. 人是有理性的生物.  2 not foolish or absurd; sensible; reasonable 出於理性的; 理智的; 明事理的; 讲道理的: rational conduct 合理的行为 * a rational argument, explanation, solution, etc 合乎情理的论证、 解释、 解决方法等.  3 lucid or sane 头脑清醒的; 神志正常的: Despite her recent stroke, she is quite rational. 她尽管最近曾患中风, 但头脑仍很清醒. * No rational person would go to work in his pyjamas. 任何神志正常的人都不会穿著睡衣去上班.
rationality 
/ 9rAFE5nAlEtI; 9rAFE`nAlEtI/ n [U] quality of being rational; reasonableness 理性; 合理性; 理智; 推理能力.
rationally 
/ -FnElI; -FEnlI/ adv: think, behave, argue rationally 思考、 行为、 辩论合情合理.
rationale
/ 9rAFE5nB:l; ?@ -5nAl; 9rAFE`nAl/ n fundamental reason for or logical basis of sth 基本原理; 理论基础: the rationale behind a decision 一项决定的理论根据.
rationalize, rationalise
/ 5rAFnElaIz; `rAFEnl9aIz/ v  1 [I, Tn] (try to) justify (one's actions, emotions, etc) by giving a rational explanation for them （试图）使（自己的行动、 情感等）有合理依据: He's constantly rationalizing. 他总是不断反省是否言行合理. * She rationalized her decision to abandon her baby by saying she could not afford to keep it. 她为抛弃婴儿事辩称自己抚养不起.  2 [Tn] make (sth) more logical and consistent 使（某事物）更合理、 更一致: an attempt to rationalize English spelling 使英语拼法更趋合理的做法.  3 [Tn] reorganize (a process, an industry, etc) in order to increase efficiency and reduce waste （为提高效率、 降低损耗而）改进（工序、 产业等）; 使合理化: rationalize production, distribution, etc 使生产、 分配等合理化. 
rationalization, rationalisation
/ 9rFnElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; 9rAFEnElI`zeFEn/ n [C, U].
rationalism
/ 5rAFnElIzEm; `rAFEnl9IzEm/ n [U] practiceof testing all religious belief and knowledge by reason and logic 理性主义; 唯理主义; 唯理论.
rationalist 
/ -lIst; -lIst/ adj, n (typical of a) person practising rationalism 理性主义者（的）; 唯理论者（的）.
rationalistic 
/ 9rAFnE5lIstIk; 9rAFEnl`IstIk/ adj of rationalism or rationalists 理性主义（者）的; 唯理论（者）的.
ratline (also ratlin) 
/ 5rAtlIn; `rAtlIn/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) short rope fixed between the shrouds of a sailing-ship, like a rung of a ladder, and used for climbing up or down 绳梯横索（轮船支索间作梯级用的横索）.
rattan
/ rA5tAn; rA`tAn/ n  1 [C] (long thin cane-like stem of an) E Indian palm 白藤（东印度棕榈树）; 藤条.  2 [C] walking-stick or cane made from a rattan stem 藤杖.  3 [U] rattan stems used for weaving baskets, furniture, chair seats, etc 藤条（用於编篮筐、 家具、 座椅子等）.
rattle
/ 5rAtl; `rAtl/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make short sharp sounds quickly, one after the other; (cause sth to) shake while making such sounds （使某物）发出一连串的短促而尖利的声音; （使某物）颤动出声: The windows were rattling in the wind. 风刮得窗户格格作响. * Hailstones rattled on the tin roof. 冰雹落在铁皮屋顶上发出砰砰声. * The wind rattled the windows. 风把窗户刮得颤悠悠地格格作响.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) make (sb) nervous; frighten or alarm 使（某人）紧张; 使恐惧; 使惊慌: The policeman's visit really got her rattled. 警察来访可把她吓了一跳.  3 (phr v) rattle along, off, past, etc move with a rattling sound 移动时发出嘈杂声: The old bus rattled along the stony road. 那辆旧公共汽车格登格登地沿碎石路行驶. * A cart rattled past (us). 一辆大车发出嘎吱嘎吱声经过我们身边. rattle away/on talk idly and at length; chatter 神聊; 喋喋不休: He rattled on about his job, not noticing how bored she was. 他只顾喋喋不休地说自己工作上的事, 没注意到她有多麽腻烦. rattle sth off say or repeat sth quickly and meaninglessly 急促而不假思索地说或重述某事: The child rattled off the poem he had learnt. 那孩子把学到的那首诗背得滚瓜烂熟. rattle through sth tell (a story), repeat (a list, etc) quickly 急急巴巴地讲（故事）或念（表册等）: He rattled through the list of names. 他口中像爆豆一般念那名单.
rattle 
n  1 [U, C] rattling sound 一连串的短促而尖利的声音: the rattle of bottles, chains, etc 瓶子　匡啷　匡啷响、 链子当啷当啷响 * the harsh rattle of machine-gun fire 机关枪射击时的刺耳的格格声 * The car has several irritating rattles at the back. 这辆汽车後部有几处发出烦人的嘈杂声.  2 [C] toy or device for producing a rattling sound 产生连续声音的玩具或器具: a baby's rattle 拨浪鼓 * Football fans sounded their rattles. 足球迷们弄响了他们那用来助阵的发声器.  3 [C] horny rings on a rattlesnake's tail that make a rattling noise when shaken 响环（响尾蛇尾部的角质环, 摆动时格格作响）.
rattling 
/ 5rAtlIN; `rAtlIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) fast or brisk 快的; 轻快的: set a rattling pace 定出快速.  adv very 非常: spin a rattling good yarn, ie tell a very good story 讲一个非常好听的故事.
rattlesnake (also US infml 美式口语作 rattler / 5rAtlE(r); `rAtlL/) 
n poisonous American snake that makes a rattling noise with its tail when alarmed or threatened 响尾蛇（美洲毒蛇）.
ratty
=> rat.
raucous
/ 5rR:kEs; `rRkEs/ adj loud and hoarse; harsh-sounding 粗厉沙哑的; 刺耳的: the raucous cries of the crows 乌鸦粗哑的叫声 * a raucous voice, laugh, etc 沙哑的声音、 笑声等. 
raucously 
adv. 
raucousness 
n [U].
raunchy
/ 5rR:ntFI; `rRntFI/ adj (infml 口 esp US) having or showing sexual desire; coarse or obscene 有性欲的; 淫秽的; 猥亵的: feel raunchy 有性欲 * a raunchy joke, story, etc 淫秽的笑话、 故事等. 
raunchily 
adv. 
raunchiness 
n [U].
ravage
/ 5rAvIdV; `rAvIdV/ v [Tn]  1 damage (sth) badly; destroy 严重损坏（某物）; 毁坏: forests ravaged by fire 毁於火灾的森林 * (fig 比喻) a face ravaged by disease, eg covered with marks after smallpox 因疾病而破相（如患天花後留有麻子）.  2 (of armies, etc) rob and plunder (sth) with violence （指军队等）抢劫, 掠夺（某物）: Bands of soldiers ravaged the countryside. 成群的士兵洗劫了乡村.
the ravages 
n [pl] ~s of sth destructive effect of sth; damage done by sth 某事物的破坏力或造成的破坏: the ravages of deforestation on the hills 滥伐山林的恶果 * (fig 比喻) The ravages of time had spoilt her looks. 岁月摧残了她的容貌.
rave
/ reIv; rev/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against/about sb/sth) talk wildly or furiously as if in a fever or mad 胡言乱语; 说胡话; 说疯话: The patient began to rave incoherently at the nurses. 病人对护士说起胡话来.  2 [Ipr] ~ about sb/sth (infml 口) speak or write about sb/sth with enthusiasm or admiration 热情地或赞赏地说或写到某人[某事物]: She simply raved about French cooking. 她对法国烹调赞不绝口.  3 (idm 习语) rant and rave => rant.
rave 
n  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (infml 口) enthusiastic praise 热情的赞美: The play got rave reviews/notices in the papers. 该剧在报刊上受到热烈的好评.  2 (also `rave-up) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) lively party, dance, etc 活跃的聚会、 舞会等: have a rave-up 举办一次娱乐活动.
raver 
n (infml esp ironic 口, 尤作反语) person leading a wild and exciting social life 放荡不羁的人: be a real/right little raver 是个真正的小放荡鬼.
raving 
adj [attrib 作定语] talking wildly or furiously 胡言乱语的; 说胡话的: a raving lunatic 说胡话的疯子.  adv (infml 口) utterly or completely 十足地; 完全地: You must be stark raving mad! 你简直疯了!
ravings 
n [pl] wild or delirious talk 胡话; 疯话; 谵语: the ravings of a madman 疯子的胡话.
ravel
/ 5rAvl; `rAvl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause threads or fibres to) tangle and become knotted （使线或纤维）缠结.  2 [I] (of woven or knitted fabric) separate into threads; become untwisted; fray （使编织物或编结物）散成线, 绽线: Bind the edge of the rug so that it won't ravel. 给地毯镶个边以免开线. Cf 参看 unravel 1.
raven
/ 5reIvn; `revEn/ n large bird like a crow with glossy black feathers and a hoarse cry 渡鸦（较乌鸦大, 羽毛黑色而有光泽, 叫声嘶哑）.
raven 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of hair) glossy and black （指毛发）乌亮的: silky raven hair 柔软乌亮的毛发.
ravening
/ 5rAvEnIN; `rAvEnIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of wolves) hungrily seeking prey or food （尤指狼群）觅食的: a ravening beast 觅食的野兽.
ravenous
/ 5rAvEnEs; `rAvEnEs/ adj  1 very hungry 极饿的: The ravenous lions tore at the carcass. 这些饥饿的狮子撕碎了那动物的尸体. * (infml 口) Where's dinner? I'm ravenous! 饭呢? 我饿极了!  2 (of hunger, etc) very great （指饥饿等）极度的: a ravenous appetite 嚣然思食.
ravenously 
adv very hungrily; as if starving 饥肠辘辘; 像要饿死: eat ravenously 如饿狼般地吃.
ravine
/ rE5vi:n; rE`vin/ n deep narrow steep-sided valley between mountains 既深且狭、 坡度很大的山谷.
ravioli
/ 9rAvI5EUlI; 9rAvI`olI/ n [U] (Italian dish of) small square cases of pasta filled with meat, cheese, etc and usu served with a sauce （意大利式）方形饺（用肉、 乳酪等做馅, 通常加调味汁食用）.
ravish
/ 5rAvIF; `rAvIF/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] fill (sb) with delight; enchant 使（某人）欣喜若狂; 使著迷; 使心醉: I was ravished by her beauty. 我被她的美貌迷住了.  2 [Tn] (arch or fml 古或文) rape (a woman or girl) 强奸（女子）.
ravishing 
adj (infml 口) delightful or enchanting; lovely 使人欣喜若狂的; 使人入迷的; 可爱的: a ravishing view, smile 醉人的景色、 笑容 * Darling, you look simply ravishing in that dress! 亲爱的, 你穿上那件连衣裙真漂亮!
ravishingly 
adv.
raw
/ rR:; rR/ adj  1 uncooked 未经烹调的; 生的: raw meat, vegetables, etc 生的肉、 蔬菜等 * eat oysters raw 吃生牡蛎.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) in the natural state; not yet processed or manufactured 自然状态的; 未经加工或制造的: raw silk, sewage 生丝、 原污水 * raw (ie unrefined) sugar 粗糖（未精炼的） * raw (ie undiluted) spirit/alcohol 无水酒精（未经稀释的）. (b) not yet analysed or corrected 未进行分析或改正的: processing raw data, statistics, etc 处理原始数据、 统计资料等 * feed raw data into a computer 把原始数据输入计算机.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (of people) not yet skilled or trained; inexperienced （指人）不熟练的, 未经训练的, 无经验的: raw recruits, eg in the army, etc 新成员（如新兵等） * a mistake made by a very raw reporter 毫无经验的记者犯的错误.  4 (a) (of wounds) unhealed; bloody （指创伤）未愈的, 流血的: a raw cut, blister, etc 未愈的伤口、 水　等. (b) (of a place on the skin) with the skin rubbed away and therefore sore（指皮肤某处）擦掉皮因而疼痛的: The stirrup leathers rubbed raw patches on his legs. 马蹬皮带把他腿上的皮肤擦伤引起疼痛.  5 (a) artistically crude; lacking finish 技艺不　熟的; 不完美的: His literary style is still rather raw. 他的文学风格还很不成熟. (b) frank or realistic 如实的; 实际的: a raw portrayal of working-class life 工人阶级生活的真实写照.  6 (of the weather) damp and cold （指天气）潮湿而寒冷的: raw north-east winds 阴冷的东北风 * a raw February morning 二月里一个阴冷的早晨.  7 (of an edge of cloth) not hemmed or finished to prevent fraying （指布的边缘）未缝摺边的, 未包缝的.  8 (idm 习语) a raw/rough deal =>deal4.
raw 
n (idm 习语) in the `raw (a) not made to seem better, pleasanter, etc than it is; unrefined 不加粉饰的; 未加工的: life, nature, etc seen in the raw 生活、 自然界等的原貌. (b) (infml 口) without clothes; naked 无衣著的; 裸体的. touch sb on the raw => touch2.
rawness 
n [U].
raw-boned 
adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) with little flesh on the bones; gaunt 皮包骨头的; 骨瘦如柴的: a ,raw-boned `horse, `peasant 骨瘦如柴的马、 农民.
rawhide 
n [U] untanned leather 生皮: [attrib 作定语] rawhide boots, whips, etc 生皮制成的皮靴、 皮鞭等.
raw material 
(often pl 常作复数) natural product which manufacturing processes turn into another 原料: Coal, oil and minerals are the raw materials of industry. 煤、 石油和矿产品都是工业原料. * (fig 比喻) The writer's raw material is life. 作家从生活中汲取素材.
ray
/ reI; re/ n  1 (a) narrow beam or line of light or other radiation, eg energy or heat （光或其他辐射, 如能或热的）线, 射线: the rays of the sun 太阳的光线 * `X-rays X射线 * `heat-rays 热辐射线 * [attrib 作定语] a `ray gun, eg in science fiction 光线枪（如科学幻想小说中的）. (b) ~ of sth (fig 比喻) slight indication of sth good or hoped for （好事或所希望的事物的）点滴迹象: a ray of comfort (for us) in these troubled times 在这些忧心的日子里（给予我们）的一丝安慰 * a few rays of hope 一线希望.  2 any one of a number of lines, bands, etc coming out from a centre （从中心向外发出的）线、 条、 带等.  3 (idm 习语) a ray of `sunshine (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) person or thing that makes sb's life brighter or more cheerful 给某人的生活带来光明或快乐的人或事物.
ray
/ reI; re/ n any of various types of large broad flat sea-fish related to the shark, eg the skate 鳐: a `sting-ray 刺鳐.
ray (also re) 
/ reI; re/ n (music 音) second note in the sol-fa scale （首调唱法的）任何大音阶的第二音.
rayon
/ 5reICn; `reBn/ n [U] silk-like fibre or fabric made from cellulose 人造丝; 人造丝纤维: [attrib 作定语] rayon shirts 人造丝衬衫.
raze (also rase) 
/ reIz; rez/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] destroy (a building, town, etc) completely,usu by leaving no walls, etc standing (used esp in theexpression shown) 彻底破坏或摧毁（建筑物、 城镇等）（尤用於以下示例）: raze sth to the ground 将某物夷为平地.
razor
/ 5reIzE(r); `rezL/ n instrument with a sharp blade, or with electrically-driven revolving cutters, used for shaving hair from the skin 剃刀; 刮脸刀; 电动剃胡刀: a `safety razor, ie with guards protecting the blade 保险剃刀 * Vandals had slashed the tyres with a razor. 恣意破坏公物的人用剃刀把轮胎割破了. * a `razor socket, eg in a bathroom 剃刀插座（如浴室中的）. Cf 参看 shaver (shave).
razor-back 
n (US) hog of the southern US with a spinal ridge on its back 美国南部的一种猪, 背上有脊骨隆起.
razor-blade 
n blade (esp one that is disposable) used in a safety razor 保险刀片（尤指供一次使用的）.
razor-edge 
n (also ,razor's `edge) (fig 比喻)  1 sharp line of division 明显的分界线: a razor-edge of difference between genius and madness 天才和疯狂之截然不同.  2 (idm 习语) on a razor-edge/razor's edge in a dangerous or critical situation 处於危险的境地; 处於紧要关头: Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor's edge, terrified of recapture. 汤姆越狱後, 时时如惊弓之鸟, 生怕再次被捕.
razor-sharp 
adj extremely sharp 极锐利的: (fig 比喻) ,razor-sharp `wit, repar`tee, `criticism, etc 极敏锐的智力、 极巧妙的回答、 极尖锐的批评.
razz
/ rAz; rAz/ (US infml 口) v [Tn] make fun of (sb); ridicule 取笑（某人）; 嘲弄; 奚落: kids razzing the teacher 拿老师取笑的小学生. 
razz 
n (US infml 口) = raspberry 2.
razzle
/ 5rAzl; `rAzl/ n (idm 习语) be/go (out) on the razzle (infml 口) be/go out to celebrate and enjoy oneself; be/go on a spree 外出庆祝和找乐; 寻欢作乐.
razzmatazz
/ 9rAzmE5tAz; 9rAzmE`tAz/ (also razzamatazz / 9rAzEmE5tAz; `rAzEmE9tAz/) n [U] (infml 口) glamour and excitement; extravagant publicity 魅力; 刺激; 令人眼花缭乱的场面: all the razzamatazz of showbiz 娱乐行业令人眼花缭乱的一切.
RC
/ 9B: 5si:; 9Br `si/ abbr 缩写 =  1 Red Cross 红十字（会）.  2 Roman Catholic 天主教: St Mary's Church (RC), eg on a street map 圣马利亚教堂（天主教）（如街道地图的标示）.
RCM
/ 9B: si: 5em; 9Br si `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal College of Music 皇家音乐学院.
RD
/ 9B: 5di:; 9Br `di/ abbr 缩写 = (US) (in postal addresses) rural delivery （作邮递标记）乡村投递: RD2 West Stockbridge, Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州西斯托克布里奇乡村投递2区.
Rd
abbr 缩写 = (in street names) road （用於街名中）路: 12 Ashton Rd 阿什顿路12号.
re
= ray3.
re
/ ri:; ri/ prep (fml 文) with reference to (sb/sth); concerning; about 关於（某人[某事物]）: Re your letter of 1 September... 关於您9月1日的来信....
re-
pref (used widely with vs and related ns, adjs and advs 可作许多动词及由动词派生的名词、 形容词和副词的前缀) again 再; 又; 重新: reapply * redecoration * re-entered * reassuringly.
re-
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In many verbs beginning with re- the prefix is pronounced / rI-; rI-/ or / re-; rZ-/ and it may have lost its original meaning of `again' or `back' 在以 re- 开始的许多动词中, 这个前缀读作 / rI-; rI-/ 或 / re-; rZ-/, 并有可能已失去原来的｀再、 又＇或｀回＇等意义: / rI-; rI-/ recall, repair; / re-; rZ-/ represent. Other verbs have had re- added to them with the meaning of `again' and it is pronounced / ri:-; ri-/ 另有一些动词加 re- 表示｀再、 又＇之意, 读作 /ri:-; ri/: reopen; recreate. There are a few verbs which fit into both groups and a hyphenmay be used to show the distinction 还有一些动词适合於上述两种情况, 可用连接号表示这种区别: recount / rI5kaUnt; rI`kaJnt/ = `tell a story', re-count / 9ri:5kaUnt;9ri`kaJnt/ = `count again'; recover / rI5kQvE(r); rI`kQvL/ = `get back' or `become well again', re-cover / 9ri:5kQvE(r);9ri`kQvL/ = `supply with a new cover'.
recount
/ rI5kaUnt; rI`kaJnt/ v [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give a detailed account of sth; tell about sth 详细叙述某事; 讲述某事: recount one's adventures, experiences, misfortunes, etc 叙述自己的冒险事、 经历、 不幸等 * He recounted how he had shot the lion. 他讲述他射死那只狮子的经过.
re-count
/ 9ri:5kaUnt; 9ri`kaJnt/ v [Tn] count (esp votes) again 重新计算（尤指选票）; 重数.
re-count 
/ 5ri:kaUnt; `ri9kaJnt/ n another count, esp of votes in an election 重新计算（尤指选票的）: The unsuccessful candidate demanded a re-count. 那个落选的候选人要求重新计算选票.
recover
/ rI5kQvE(r); rI`kQvL/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth 找回（被盗、 遗失等之物）; 重新获得某事物（的所有权）: recover stolen goods, lost property, etc 找回被盗的货物、 失去的财物等 * Six bodies were recovered from the wreck. 从交通工具的残骸中找到了六具尸体. * recover what was lost 重新获得失去的东西.  2 [Tn] (a) get back the use of (one's faculties, health, etc) 恢复（能力、 健康等）: recover one's sight, hearing, etc 恢复视力、 听力等 * recover one's senses/consciousness, eg after fainting 恢复知觉（如晕倒後） * I'm slowly recovering my strength after a bout of flu. 我得过流感後体力正在慢慢恢复. (b) get back the control of (oneself, one's actions, one's emotions, etc) 重新控制（自己、 自己的行动、 自己的情绪等）: The skater quickly recovered his balance. 那个滑冰的人很快恢复了平衡. * She recovered herself/her composure and smiled. 她恢复了常态[镇静], 笑了笑. * The murderer never recovered his peace of mind. 这个杀人凶手心里再也没平静过.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) regain (money, time or position) 重新获得（金钱、 时间或地位）: They sought to recover damages, costs, expenses, etc from the firm. 他们设法向那家公司索取损害赔偿金、 用费、 费用等. * We recovered lost time by setting out early. 我们提前出发从而把损失的时间补了回来. * The team recovered its lead in the second half. 该队在下半场重新领先.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) return to a normal state, eg of health, mind, prosperity 回复到正常状态（如健康、 神智、 繁荣）: He's now fully recovered from his stroke. 他现已从中风病完全康复了. * recover from the shock, surprise, strain, etc 从震惊、 惊讶、 紧张等中恢复过来 * Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 贸易摆脱了战争的影响而很快复苏了.
recoverable 
/ -rEbl; -rEbl/ adj that can be recovered(recover 1) 能找回的; 能重新获得的: recoverable deposits, losses, assets 能索回的定金、 能挽回的损失、 能收回的资产.
re-create
/ 9ri:krI5eIt; 9rikrI`et/ v [Tn] create (sth past) again; reproduce 再创（已成为过去的事物）; 再创造; 再现: The play re-creates life before the war. 该剧再现了战前的生活景象. 
re-creation 
/ -5eIFn; -`eFEn/ n [U, C].
re-echo
/ ri:5ekEU; ri`Zko/ v [I] echo again and again 反复发出回声; 反复回响: Their shouts re-echoed through the valley. 他们的喊声在山谷中回荡.
re-educate
/ ri:5edVUkeIt; ri`ZdVEket/ v [Tn, Cn.t] train (sb) to think or behave in a new or different way 对（某人）再培训或再教育: We must re-educate people (to eat more healthily). 我们应该对人们进行再教育（使之重视饮食卫生）. 
re-education 
/ 9ri:edVU5keIFn; ri9ZdVE`keFEn/ n [U].
re-elect
/ 9ri:I5lekt; 9riI`lZkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) elect sb again 再选某人: re-elect sb to the Presidency/(as) President 再度选举某人担任总统职位[为总统]. 
re-election 
/ -5lekFn;-`lZkFEn/ n [C, U].
re-enter
/ 9ri:5entE(r); ri`ZntL/ v  1 [I, Tn] come in or into (sth) again 再次进入或加入（某事物）中; 重返: re-enter (the room) by another door 由另一个门再进入（该房间）.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) put one's name forward again, esp for an exam 重新报名或再次报名（尤指参加考试）.
re-entry 
/ 9ri:5entrI; ri`ZntrI/ n [C, U]  1 (act of) re-entering 重新进入或加入; 重返; 重新报名; 再次报名.  2 return of a spacecraft into the earth's atmosphere （宇宙飞船）重返地球大气层: The capsule gets very hot on re-entry. 航天舱在重返大气层时产生高热.
re-examine
/ 9ri:Ig5zAmIn; 9riI^`zAmIn/ v [Tn] (law 律) examine or question (one's own witness) again 再诘问（己方证人）. 
re-examination 
/ 9ri:Ig9zAmI5neIFn; 9riIg9zAmI`neFEn/ n [C, U].
re-export
/ 9ri:ek5spR:t; 9riZk`spRrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) export (imported goods) again, esp after reprocessing 将（进口货物）再输出（尤指经加工後）; 将（某物）转口.
reform
/ rI5fR:m; rI`fRrm/ v [I, Tn] become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors, etc 变好; 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: There are signs that he's reforming. 有迹象表明他在变好. * reform one's ways, habits 改变作风、 习惯 * reform an unfair salary structure 改革不合理的工资结构 * He's given up drink and is now a reformed character. 他戒了酒, 现已判若两人.
reform 
n  1 [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: agitate for, bring about, effect social reform 鼓吹、 带来、 实行社会改革 * the reform of teaching methods 教学法的改进 * [attrib 作定语] reform laws, bills, measures, etc 改革法律、 法案、 措施等.  2 [C] change that removes or puts right faults, errors, etc （缺点等的）克服; （错误等的）改正, 纠正: make, carry out reforms in education 进行、 实行教育改革.
reformer 
n person who brings about or advocates reform 改进者; 改革者; 改造者: a social, political, religious reformer 社会的、 政治的、 宗教的改革者.
re-form
/ 9ri: 5fR:m; 9ri`fRrm/ v  1 [I] form again 重新组成; 重新形成: Ice re-formed on the plane's wings. 飞机的机翼上又结冰了.  2 [I, Tn] (make soldiers, etc) get into ranks again （使士兵等）重新编队.
re-laid
pt, pp of re-lay.
relay
/ 5ri:leI; `rile/ n  1 fresh set of people or animals taking the place of others who have finished a period of work 接班的人员或动物: Rescuers worked in relays to save the trapped miners. 救援人员轮班工作以营救遇难的矿工. * A new relay of horses was harnessed to the cart.用作轮换的马都已套到了那辆马车上. Cf 参看 shift2 2.2 (also `relay race) race between teams in which each member runs, swims, etc part of the total distance, the second, etc member starting when the first, etc finishes （赛跑、 游泳等的）接力赛: [attrib 作定语] a relay team, runner, etc 接力队、 赛跑运动员等.  3 (a) (radio 无) electronic device for receiving signals and transmitting them again with greater strength, thus increasing the distance over which they are carried 中继设备: [attrib作定语] a relay station 中继站. (b) broadcast, programme or telegraph message sent out in this way 无线电转播; 转播的节目; 无线电中继通讯: a relay from Radio Hamburg 汉堡广播电台的转播.
relay 
/ 5ri:leI, rI5leI; `rile, rI`le/ v (pt, pp relayed) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...) (to...)  1 receive and pass on (eg a message) 收到并传出（如信息）: relay the colonel's orders to the troops 向部队传达上校的命令.  2 (Brit) broadcast (sth) by passing signals through a transmitting station 转播（某事）: a concert relayed live from the Royal Albert Hall 从皇家艾伯特大厅实况转播的音乐会 * The pop festival was relayed all round the world. 流行音乐会的实况已向全世界转播.
re-lay
/ 9ri:5leI; 9ri`le/ v (pt, pp re-laid / -5leId; -`led/) [Tn] lay (a cable, carpet, lawn, etc) again 重新铺设（电缆、 地毯、 草坪等）.
re-route
/ 9ri:5ru:t; ri`rut/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] send or carry (sb/sth) by a different route 以另一路线运送（某人[某事物]）: re-route traffic, shipping, freight, luggage 按新规定的路线行驶、 航行、 运送货物、 寄运行李 * My flight was re-routed via Athens. 我乘坐的航班改变航线途经雅典.
reach
/ ri:tF; ritF/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ for sth; ~ out (to sb/sth) stretch out (one's hand) in order to touch, grasp or take sth 伸出（手）以触到、 抓到或拿到某物: He reached for his gun. 他伸手去拿枪. * I reached across the table for the jam. 我伸手到桌子那端去拿果酱. * (fig 比喻) We must reach out to those in need. 我们应该伸出援助之手, 帮助有困难的人.  2 [Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth down/over; ~ sth (down/over) for sb (infml 口) stretch one's hand out or up and take sth; get and give sth (to sb) 伸手取某物; 把某物递给（某人）: Please reach (me) the atlas down from the bookshelf. 请把那本地图册从书架上取下来（递给我）. * Can you reach me (over) my slippers? They're under the bed. 你能把我的拖鞋递给我吗? 拖鞋在床底下呢.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth extend to sth; be able to stretch up, out, etc and touch sth 延伸到某处; 够得著某物: I can just about reach the apples on the top branch. 我只差一点就能够著最上边树枝上的苹果. * My feet can hardly reach the pedals. 我的脚怎麽也够不著踏板. * Her hair nearly reached down to her waist. 她的头发几乎垂到了腰部.  4 [Tn] communicate with (sb) esp by telephone 与（某人）取得联系; （尤指）给（某人）打电话: reach her at home on 0355-694162 拨0355-694162号码打电话到她家与她联系 * I can't reach him by phone/on the phone. 我打电话找不到他.  5 [Tn] (a) go as far as (sb/sth/a place); get to or arrive at 到达（某人[某物]）那里; 到达（某处）: reach York by one o'clock 一点钟到约克 * reach the end of the chapter 读到这一章的末尾 * reach a speed of 500 mph 达到每小时500英里的速度 * Not a sound reached our ears. 我们一点声音都听不见. * The rescuers reached him just in time. 救援人员及时赶到他那里. (b) achieve (sth); attain 达成（某事物）; 达到; 获得: reach a conclusion, decision, verdict, etc 做出结论、 决定、 判决等 * You'll know better when you reach my age. ��W你到了我这样的年纪就明白多了. * The appeal fund has reached its target of 10000. 吁请捐助的款项已达到10000英镑这一预定目标. * We can never reach perfection. 我们不可能做到尽善尽美.  6 (idm 习语) sth comes to/reaches sb's ears => ear1. hit/make/reach the headlines => headline (head1). reach for the stars be very ambitious 雄心壮志; 野心勃勃.
reach 
n  1 [sing] extent to which a hand, etc can be stretched out 伸手等可达到的距离: a boxer with a long reach 出拳距离远的拳击手.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] continuous extent of a river between two bends or of a canal between two locks （河流两弯曲处或运河两船闸之间的）河段: the upper/lower reaches of the Thames 泰晤士河的上[下]游.  3 (idm 习语) beyond/out of/within (one's) `reach (a) outside or inside the distance that a hand, etc can be stretched out 手不能及[伸手可及]: have a dictionary within (arm's) reach 把词典放在（伸手）够得著的地方 * The shelf is so high it is well out of/beyond my reach. 架子太高, 我根本够不著. * Keep those medicines out of reach of the children/out of the children's reach. 把那些药放在孩子够不著的地方. (b) (fig 比喻) beyond or within sb's/sth's capability, authority, effectiveness, etc 非[为]某人的[某事物的]能力、 权力、 影响等所能及: concepts beyond the reach of one's intelligence 本人不能理解的概念 * Such highly-paid jobs are out of his reach. 这类报酬高的工作没有他的份儿. * The gang live abroad, beyond reach of the British police. 这帮匪徒住在国外, 英国警方鞭长莫及. within (easy) `reach (of sb/sth) inside a distance that can be travelled (easily) 在可（易於）前往的距离以内: The hotel is within easy reach of the beach. 这家旅馆离海滩很近.
reachable 
adj that can be reached 可到达的; 可达到的; 能及的; 够得著的.
reach-me-downs 
n [pl] = hand-me-downs (hand).
react
/ rI5Akt; rI`Akt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) behave differently or change as a result of sth; respond 作出反应; 回应: Pinch me and I will react. 你要掐我我就有反应. * People can react badly to certain food additives. 有的人对某些食物添加剂产生严重变态反应. * react positively/negatively to a suggestion 对一项建议作出赞成的[反对的]回应 * She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him. 她受他侮辱之後就不再理睬他了.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) respond to sb/sth with hostility, resistance, etc 反对; 反抗; 反动: react strongly against tax increases 强烈反对增税 * Will the people ever react against this dictator? 有朝一日人民会起来反抗这个独裁者吗?  3 (chemistry 化) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth; ~ (together) (of substances) undergo changes by coming into contact with sth （指物质）起化学反应: Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起化学反应而生　. * Sodium and water react (together). 钠和水能起反应. (b) [Ipr] ~ on sth have an effect on sth or produce a change in sth 对某事物有影响; 使某事物产生变化: How do acids react on metals? 酸对金属起什麽反应?
reactant
/ rI5AktEnt; rI`AktEnt/ n (chemistry 化) substance taking part in a chemical reaction 反应物. Cf 参看 product 3.
reaction
/ rI5AkFn; rI`AkFEn/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) response to a situation, an act, an influence, etc （对情况、 行动、 影响等做出的）反应, 回应: What was his reaction to the news? 他对这消息的反应如何? * Her arrest produced an immediate/a sudden reaction from the press. 她被捕的事立刻[突然]在新闻界引起反响. * the shocked reaction of schools to education cuts 学校对削减教育经费的激烈反应 * Reaction to his taunts will only encourage him. 别理会他恶言寻衅, 一理他更来劲儿.  2 [sing] physical response, usu a bad one, to a drug, chemical substance, etc （由药物、 化学物质等引起的）生理上的反应（通常指不良反应）: an allergic reaction to animals, birds, etc 对兽类、 鸟类等的变态反应 * I had a bad reaction after my typhoid injection. 我注射伤寒针剂後产生了不良反应.  3 [sing, U] return to a previous state after a period of the opposite condition 回复到原来的状态; 复旧: After all the excitement there was (an inevitable) reaction, eg a time when life seemed dull again. 热闹一番过後, （不可避免地）又恢复了旧观（生活沉闷如故）.  4 [U] opposition to (esp political) progress or reform 反对（尤指政治的）进步或改革; 反动: The forces of reaction made reform difficult. 反动势力给改革造成了困难.  5 [C, U] chemical change producedby two or more substances acting upon each other 化学反应: nuclear reaction, ie change within the nucleus of an atom 核反应.
reactionary 
/ rI5AkFEnrI; ?@ -EnerI; rI`AkFEn9ZrI/ n, adj (person) opposing (esp political) progress or reform 反对（尤指政治的）进步或改革的（人）; 反动的（人）.
reactivate
/ 9ri:5AktIveIt; ri`AktE9vet/ v [Tn] bring (sth) back into operation; make active again 使（某物）重新运转; 使恢复活力: reactivate an old generator 使旧发电机重新运转 * reactivate a spacecraft's defence system 使宇宙飞船防卫系统重新进入工作状态 * reactivate our links/contacts with China 恢复我们与中国的联系.
reactor
/ rI5AktE(r); rI`AktL/ n  1 (also nuclear reactor) apparatus for the controlled production of nuclear energy 反应器; 反应堆.  2 substance taking part in or undergoing a chemical reaction 反应物; 反应剂.
read
/ ri:d; rid/ v (pt, pp read / red; rZd/)  1 [I, Tn] (used in the simple tenses or with can/be able 用於简单时态, 或与can/be able连用) (be able to) understand the meaning of (written or printed words or symbols) 理解（文字或印刷符号）的意义; 阅读: be able to/know how to read and write well 有很好的读写能力 * I can't read your untidy writing. 你的字太乱, 我看不懂. * read shorthand, Chinese (characters), Braille, music 理解速记符号、 看懂汉字、 辨认盲文、 阅读乐谱 * A motorist must be able to read traffic signs. 机动车辆驾驶员必须能看懂交通标志.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) go through (written or printed words, etc) silently or aloud to others 读, 默读, 朗诵（文字等）: I haven't enough time to read/for reading. 我没有足够的时间读书. * He was reading silently/to himself. 他正在默读. * His work is not much read (ie Few people read it) nowadays. 他的作品现在很少有人看. * She read (to us) from her book. 她（向我们）朗诵她的书. * Read (the letter) aloud, please. 请大声念（这封信）. * read proofs, ie read and correct the proofs of a book, etc 读校样（校对） * He read the article through twice. 他把那篇文章通读了两遍. * Read this over for mistakes. 把这校阅一下. * Read what the instructions say. 看看说明书上是怎样说的. * She read a story to us/read us a story. 她给我们读了一篇故事.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ about/of sb/sth discover or find out about sb/sth by reading 藉助阅读发现某人[某事物]的情况: I read about/of her in today's paper. 我在今天的报纸上读到关於她的消息. * read the news, the share prices, etc 看新闻、 了解股票行情 * I read that he had resigned. 我看到他已辞职的报道. * We read how it was done. 我们看到了资料, 知道是怎麽做的了.  4 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth study (a subject), esp at a university 研究（某学科）; （尤指在大学）攻读, 学习: read classics, law, etc at Oxford 在牛津大学学古典文学、 法律等 * read for a physics degree/a degree in physics 攻读物理学位 * read for the Bar, ie study law to become a barrister 学习法律准备当律师.  5 (a) [Tn] learn the significance of (sth); interpret 领会（某事物）的意义; 解释: read sb's mind/thoughts 了解某人的想法 * read (sb's fortune in) the cards 解（某人吉凶的）纸牌含义 * A gypsy read my hand/palm, ie told me about myself and my future by looking at the lines on the palm of my hand. 一个吉卜赛人为我看手相. * Doctors must be able to read symptoms correctly. 医生要有正确诊断症状的能力. * How do you read the present situation? 你对当前的形势怎样看? (b) [Cn.n/a esp passive 尤用於被动语态]~ sth as sth (of a statement, action, etc) convey meaning(s) which may not be intended （指言语、 行动等）有别的意思（可能并非有意表达的）: Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味著同意.  6 [I] have a certain wording 有某字样: The sign reads `Keep Left.' 路标上写著｀靠左行驶.＇ * The clause reads thus/as follows... 该条款内容如下....  7 (a) [In/pr] (of measuring instruments) indicate a certain weight, pressure, voltage, etc （指测量仪器）显示某一重量、 压力、 电压等数值: What does the scale, dial, gauge, etc read? 刻度尺、 刻度盘、 量规等显示的读数是多少? * The meter reads 5500 units. 仪表标明为5500单位. (b) [Tn, Tw] receive information from instruments （从仪器中）得到信息: read the gas/electric meter 从煤气[电]表中看到读数 * I can't read what the thermometer says. 我不会看温度表上的度数.  8 [I] give a certain impression 给予某种印象: The story reads well/badly. 这篇小说读起来很不错[不好]. * The poem reads like (ie sounds as if it is) a translation. 这首诗听起来像是翻译作品.  9 [Tn] hear and understand (sb speaking on a two-way radio) 听明白（某人在双向无线电通讯中说的话）: `Are you reading me?' `Reading you loud and clear.' ｀你听得清我的话吗?＇｀听清了, 声音又大又清楚.＇  10 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ A for B; ~ B for A (of corrections in text) replace (one word, etc) with another （指勘误）将（某词语等）改作另一词语等: For `neat' in line 3 read `nest'. 把第3行中的｀neat＇改为｀nest＇.  11 (idm 习语) ,read between the `lines look for or discover a meaning in sth written or spoken that is not openly stated 找出或发觉字里行间的言外之意. ,read sb like a `book (infml 口) understand clearly sb's motives, thoughts, etc 清楚地了解某人的动机、 思想等: I can read you like a book: you're not sorry at all. 我可以看透你的心思: 你根本就不感到懊悔. ,read (sb) the `Riot Act declare authoritatively (to sb) that sth must stop （向某人）宣布不得再做某事: When he came home drunk again, she read him the Riot Act. 他又一次醉醺醺地回到家里, 她立刻警告他下不为例. ,read oneself/sb to `sleep read until one/sb falls asleep 读著读著就使自己[某人]睡著了. ,take it/sth as `read assume sth without a need for discussion 不妨认定某事: We can take it as read that she will object. 我们可以肯定她一定反对. * You can take his agreement as read. 你可以确信他一定会同意.  12 (phr v) read on continue reading 继续读; 读下去: Will Tom and Sue's quarrel mean divorce? Now read on... 汤姆和休争吵是不是要离婚呢? 往下读吧.... read sth back read (a message, etc) aloud so that its accuracy can be checked 读出（信息内容等）以供校验: Read me back that telephone number. 把那个电话号码念给我听听. read sth into sth assume that sth means more than it does 将本来没有的意思加进去解释; 自以为有某种含义: You have read into her letter a sympathy that she cannot possibly feel. 你误解她信中有同情的意思, 她根本不可能有这种感觉. read sth out read sth aloud, esp to others 读出（文字内容）（尤指为别人）: She read out the letter to all of us. 她给我们大家念了那封信. read sb/sth up; read up on sb/sth read extensively about or make a special study of (a subject) 广泛阅读（某学科的著作）; 对（某学科）作专门研究: I must read Nelson up/read up on Nelson for the history exam. 我为准备历史考试得专门研究一下纳尔逊的生平事迹.
read 
/ ri:d; rid/ n [sing] (infml 口 esp Brit)  1 period or act of reading 阅读: have a long, quiet, little, etc read 长时间、 静静、 短时间等的阅读 * Can I have a read of that timetable? 我可以看一下那张时间表吗?  2 (withan adj 与形容词连用) writer, book, etc that is interestingto read 使人感兴趣的书、 某作家的著作等: This author/novel is a very good read. 这位作家的著作[这部小说]非常好.
read 
/ red; rZd/ adj (preceded by an adv 用於副词之後) having knowledge gained from reading 博学的: a well-read person 博览群书的人 * be widely read in the classics 有渊博的古典文学知识.
readable 
/ 5ri:dEbl; `ridEbl/ adj  1 that can be read easily or enjoyably 易读的; 读起来令人愉快的: a highly readable style, essay, article, etc 脍炙人口的风格、 随笔、 文章等.  2 (of handwriting, etc) that can be read （指笔迹等）能辨认的. Cf 参看 legible. 
readability
/ 9ri:dE5bIlEtI; 9ridE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
read only 
(computing 计) (of information) that a person can read but not change （指信息）只读: I have read-only access to my bank files. 我用只读方式存取我的银行文件. Cf 参看 random access (random). ,read only `memory (abbr 缩写 ROM) computer memory storing data that cannot be altered or removed and that can be found by random access 只读存储器: The most important programs are in the read only memory. 最重要的程序都在只读存储器中. Cf 参看 random access memory (random).
read-out 
n [C, U] (computing 计) (act of extracting) information from a memory or storage device 读出.
readdress
/ 9ri:E5dres; `riE`drZs/ (also redirect) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) change the address on (a letter, etc) 更改（信件等）的地址: readdress the parcel to her new home 把包裹上的地址改写成她新居的地址.
reader
/ 5ri:dE(r); `ridL/ n  1 person who reads, esp one who is fond of reading 读者; （尤指）爱好读书的人: an avid, slow, etc reader 废寝忘食的读者、 看书看得慢的人 * Happy Christmas to all our readers! eg as a notice in a newspaper, magazine, library, etc 祝全体读者圣诞快乐! （如报刊、 图书馆等的贺词） * He's a great reader of science fiction. 他很喜欢看科学幻想小说.  2 book intended to give students practice in reading 阅读教材; 读物; 读本: graded English readers, eg for foreign learners 分级英语读本（如供外国学习者使用的）.  3 Reader ~ (in sth) (Brit) senior university teacher of a rank immediately below a professor 教授（职位仅次於讲座教授）: Reader in English Literature 英国文学教授.  4 (also publisher's reader) person employed to readand report on the suitability of manuscripts for publication（出版部门的）审稿人.  5 person employed to read and correct proofs at a printer's 校对员.  6 (also lay reader) person appointed to read aloud parts of a service in church （教堂仪式中指定的）朗诵经文者.
readership 
n  1 [C] ~ (in sth) (Brit) position of a Reader(3) 教授的职位: hold, have a readership in Maths 担任数学教授.  2 [sing] (a) number of readers of a newspaper, periodical, etc （报刊等的）读者人数: The Daily Echo has a readership of over ten million. 《每日回声报》拥有读者逾一千万人. (b) number of readers of an author, journalist, etc （作家、 新闻工作者的）读者人数: Len Deighton has/commands a large readership. 莱恩·戴顿有很多读者.
readily, readiness
=> ready.
reading
/ 5ri:dIN; `ridIN/ n  1 [U] (a) action of a person who reads 阅读; 朗读: be fond of reading 喜欢读书 * [attrib 作定语] reading matter, ie books, newspapers, etc 阅读材料（书、 报等） * have a reading knowledge of French, ie understand it when written 有阅读法语的能力. (b) books, etc intended to be read 读物; 读本: heavy/light reading, ie for study/entertainment 学习[消遣]读物 * Her articles make/are interesting reading for travellers. 她的文章旅行的人很喜欢看. (c) knowledge gained from books 书本知识: a pupil of wide reading 有丰富书本知识的学生.  2 [C] amount indicated or registered by a measuring instrument （仪器上的）读数: readings on a thermometer, dial, etc 温度计、 刻度盘等的读数 * The readings we took were well above average. 我们记录的读数远远高於平均数.  3 [C] way in which sth is interpreted or understood （对某事物的）解释, 理解: my reading of this clause in the contract, ie what I think it means 我对合同中这一条款的理解 * Give me your reading of the situation. 告诉我你对局势的看法.  4 [C] variant wording of a text, esp when more than one version of it exists 异文（尤指不同版本的）: different readings (eg by editors) of a speech in Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》剧中一段台词的异文（如经编者改动过的）.  5 [C] (a) entertainment at which sth is read to an audience; passage read in this way 朗诵会; 朗诵的章节: a poetry-/play-reading 诗歌[剧本]朗诵会 * readings from Dickens 狄更斯作品的朗诵片段. (b) formal announcement of sth to an audience 向公众正式宣布的事物; 告白: the reading of a will, marriage banns, etc 遗嘱、 结婚等的启事. (c) formal reading aloud of a passage from the Bible （在仪式上朗读的）《圣经》中的章节: a reading from St John's gospel 选自《约翰福音》的朗读.  6 [C] (in the British parliament) one of the three stages of debate through which a Bill must pass before it is ready for royal assent （英国议会中）一法案在提交国王批准以前须通过的三读之任何一次.
reading age 
one's ability to read, measured by comparing it with the average ability of children of the specified age 阅读年龄（与某年龄儿童的平均阅读能力相比较而测定的某人的阅读能力）: adults with a reading age of eight 有相当於八岁儿童阅读能力的成年人.
reading-desk 
n desk for supporting a book that is being read （读书用的）书桌.
reading-glasses 
n [pl] glasses for reading (as contrasted with those for seeing things at a distance) 阅读眼镜（与一般视物所用者有别）.
reading-lamp (also `reading-light) 
n lamp designed or placed to give light so that a person can read 供阅读使用的灯.
reading-room 
n room in a library, club, etc set aside for reading 阅览室.
readjust
/ 9ri:E5dVQst; 9riE`dVQst/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (oneself) (to sth) adapt (oneself) again 使（自己）重新适应: It's hard to readjust (oneself) to life in Britain after working abroad. 在国外工作之後, 很难重新适应英国的生活. * You need time to readjust (to living alone). 你需要些时间才能重新习惯（过单身生活）.  2 [Tn] set or adjust (sth) again 重新安排或调整（某事物）: readjust the engine tuning, TV set, lighting 调节发动机、 电视机、 灯光.
readjustment 
n  1 [U] readjusting or being readjusted重新适应; 重新调整: go through a period of readjustment 经过一段重新适应的时期.  2 [C] act of readjusting 重新适应; 重新调整: make minor readjustments to the wiring 对线路作些微调整.
ready
/ 5redI; `rZdI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) in a fit state for immediate use or action; fully prepared or completed 准备好: get ready for a journey 准备旅行 * I've got my overalls on, so I'm ready to start work. 我已经穿上了长罩衣, 准备开始工作了. * Your dinner is ready. 你的饭已经准备好了. * Ready, steady, go! ie said at the start of a race. 各就各位, 预备, 跑! * `Shall we go?' `I'm ready when you are!' ｀咱们走吗?＇｀我准备好了, 就等你了!＇ (b) (of a person) resolved to do sth; willing and eager （指人）决心做某事的, 愿意并急欲采取行动的: He's always ready to help his friends. 他总是乐於帮助朋友. * Don't be so ready to find fault. 不要动不动就挑毛病. * The troops were ready for anything. 部队已做好了一切准备.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth on the point of doing sth; about to do sth 即将做某事; 正要做某事: She looked ready to collapse at any minute. 她看样子随时都可能垮下来.  3 (a) [attrib 作定语] quick and facile; prompt 敏捷的; 立刻行动的: have a ready wit, mind, tongue 头脑机敏、 脑子快、 口齿伶俐 * a ready answer to the question 对问题的随口而出的回答 * a ready solution to the problem 对问题的当场解决. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (of a person) quick to give sth （指人）敏於某事物: be too ready with excuses, criticisms, etc 很会找藉口、 挑毛病等.  4 within reach; easily available 在可及范围内; 容易得到: Keep your dictionary ready (to hand) at all times. 把词典时时 放在手边. * This account provides you with a ready source of income. 这个户头为你提供了一个现成的收入来源. * There's a ready market for antiques, ie Buyers are easily found for them. 古董的销路很好（很容易找到买主）.  5 (idm 习语) make ready (for sth) prepare 做好准备: make ready for the Queen's visit 为女王莅临做好准备. ,ready and `waiting fully prepared and available for a particular task, activity, etc 做好充分准备以执行某任务、 进行某活动等. rough and ready => rough.
readily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv  1 without hesitation; willingly 毫不迟疑地; 欣然: answer questions readily 毫不迟疑地回答问题.  2 without difficulty; easily 无困难地; 不费事地; 容易地: The sofa can be readily converted into a bed. 这张沙发可以很容易改成床.
readiness 
/ 5redInIs; `rZdInIs/ n [U]  1 state of being ready or prepared 有准备; 准备就绪: the troops' readiness for battle 部队的临战状态 * have everything in readiness for an early start 为及早出发做好一切准备 * hold oneself in readiness to take control 准备好以便控制.  2 willingness or eagerness 愿意; 乐意: her readiness to help 她乐於助人的品性.  3 quickness and facility; promptness 敏捷; 迅速: readiness of wit 机智.
ready 
n  1 the ready [sing] (also readies [pl]) (infml 口) available money; cash 现款; 现金: not have enough of the ready 现金不足.  2 (idm 习语) at the `ready (a) (of a rifle) in the position for aiming and firing （指步枪）瞄准目标准备射击. (b) ready for immediate action or use 准备立即行动; 随时可用: reserve troops held at the ready 准备投入战斗的预备役部队 * He had his camera at the ready. 他把照相机准备好, 可随时拍摄.
ready 
adv (used before a past participle 用於过去分词之前) beforehand; already 预先; 已经: ready cooked, mixed, etc 预先做熟的、 混合好的等.
ready 
v (pt, pp -died) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) make sb/sth ready; prepare sb/sth 使某人[某事物]做好准备: ships readied for battle 作好战斗准备的舰艇.
ready-made 
adj  1 (esp of clothes) made in standardsizes, not to any particular customer's measurements （尤指衣服）现成的: a ,ready-made `suit 一套成衣.  2 (a) of a standard type 标准型的: buy ,ready-made ,Christmasdeco`rations 购买配套的圣诞节饰物. (b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) not original 非独创的; 陈腐的: come to a subject with ready-made ideas 用旧思想来对待问题.  3 very appropriate; ideal 恰当的; 理想的: a ready-made answer to the problem 对该问题的妥善解决办法.
ready money (also ready cash) 
(infml 口) actual coins and notes; immediate payment (instead of credit) 现款; （立即支付的）现金: payment in ready money 现金支付.
ready reckoner 
book, table, etc of answers to calculations of the type most commonly needed in business 计算便览; 简便计算表.
reaffirm
/ 9ri:E5f\:m; 9riE`f[m/ v [Tn, Tf] state (sth) positively again; affirm again 重申（某事物）; 再确认: reaffirm one's loyalty 重申个人的忠诚 * She reaffirmed that she was prepared to help. 她再次表明她乐於提供帮助.
reafforest
/ 9ri:E5fCrIst; ?@ -5fR:r-; 9riE`fRrEst/ (US reforest / 9ri:5fCrIst; ?@ -5fR:r-; ri`fRrIst/) v [Tn] replant (an area of land) with forest trees 在（某地）重新造林.
reafforestation 
/ 9ri:E9fCrI5steIFn; ?@ -9fR:r-; 9riEfRrEs`teFEn/ (US reforestation / 9ri:9fCr-; ?@ -9fR:r-; 9rifRr-/) n [U].
reagent
/ ri:5eIdVEnt; ri`edVEnt/ n (chemistry 化) substance used to cause a chemical reaction, esp to detect another substance 试药; 试剂; 反应物.
real
/ rIEl; `rIEl/ adj  1 (a) existing as a thing or occurring as a fact; not imagined or supposed 确实的; 实在的: real and imagined fears, illnesses, achievements 确实的和想像的恐惧、 疾病、 成就 * Was it a real person you saw or a ghost? 你看见的是真人还是鬼? * The growth of violent crime is a very real problem. 暴力犯罪的增加是个非常现实的问题. (b) [attrib 作定语] not apparent; actual or true 真实的; 真正的: Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction. 现实生活有时比小说还离奇. * Who is the real manager of the firm (ie the person who effectively runs it)? 谁是这家商行真正管事的经理? * The doctors couldn't bring about a real (ie permanent) cure. 这些医生都无根治良方. * Tell me the real reason. 把真正的原因告诉我.  2 not imitation; genuine 非模仿的; 真的: real silk, gold, pearls, etc 真丝、 真金、 真正的珍珠 * Is that real hair or a wig? 那是真发还是假发?  3 [attrib作定语] (of incomes, values, etc) assessed by their purchasing power （指收入、 价值等）按购买力衡量的: Real incomes have gone up by 10% in the past year. 去年实际收入提高了10%. * This represents a reduction of 5% in real terms, ie when inflation, etc has been allowed for. 这相当於实际上减少了5%（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）.  4 (idm 习语) for `real (infml 口) (a) seriously; in earnest 严肃地; 认真地: This isn't a practice game; we're playing for real. 这可不是练习; 我们是在认真地比赛. (b) genuine 真正的: I don't think her tears were for real. 我认为她的眼泪不是真的. the ,real `thing/Mc`Coy/ mE5kRI; mE`kRI/ (infml 口) (a) the ultimate experience, achievement, etc 了不起的经历、 成就等: Marathons are the real McCoy  these little jogs are no challenge at all. 马拉松赛跑才是真玩意儿--这些慢跑根本不算回事. (b) the authentic article 真货色: Bottled lemon juice is no good  you must use the real thing. 瓶装柠檬汁可不行--你得用真货.
real 
adv (US or Scot infml 用於美国或苏格兰, 口) very; really 非常; 的确: have a real fine time, a real good laugh 玩得、 笑得非常痛快 * I'm real sorry. 我非常抱歉.
real ale 
(Brit) draught ale or beer that is made and stored in the traditional way （按传统方法酿造及储存的）散装麦芽啤酒或普通啤酒.
real estate   
1 (also realty,  real property) (law 律) immovable property, consisting of land, buildings, etc 不动产. Cf 参看 personal property (personal).  2 (US) (business of selling) houses, land for building, etc 房屋、 建房用地等（的销售业务）.
real number 
(mathematics 数) number that has no imaginary part 实数.
real tennis (also royal tennis) 
ancient form of tennis played in an indoor court 纯网球, 宫廷网球, 皇家网球（古时在室内场地进行的）.
real time 
(computing 计) (of a system) that can receive continually changing data from outside sources, process this rapidly, and supply results that influence the sources 实时.
realign
/ 9ri:E5laIn; 9riE`laIn/ v  1 [Tn] bring (sth) into a new or former arrangement; align again 使（某事物）（按新的或原先的方式）重新排列: realign ranks of troops 重整部队队形 * The chairs were realigned to face the stage. 椅子已重新排好面向舞台.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (oneself) (with sth) (esp politics 尤用於政治) form into new groups; reorganize 重组; 改组; 整编: The party may realign (itself) with Labour in a new coalition. 该党可能与工党重新组成新的联盟. 
realignment 
n [U, C]: the realignment of car wheels 对汽车轮的重新校整 * various realignments in political parties 政治派别中各种各样的重新组合.
realize, realise
/ 5rIElaIz; `rIE9laIz/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be fully aware of or accept (sth) as a fact; understand 认识到或承认（某事物）属实; 了解到: realize one's mistake 认识到自己的错误 * realize the extent of the damage 了解到破坏的程度 * She realized that he had been lying. 她明白了他一直在说谎. * I fully realize why you did it. 我完全了解你为什麽要做这事.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] convert (plans, etc) into reality 实现（计画等）: realize one's hopes, ambitions, etc 实现自己的希望、 抱负等 * Her worst fears were realized, ie The things she was most afraid would happen did happen. 她最担心的事情终於发生了.  3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn] convert (property, shares, etc) into money by selling 变卖（财产、 股票等）: realize one's assets 变卖自己的财产 * Can these bonds berealized at short notice? 这些债券能在短期内兑现吗? (b)[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) (of goods, etc) be sold for (a price); (of a person) sell sth for (a price) （指货物等）卖得（某价钱）; （指人）将某物卖得（某价钱）: The furniture realized 900 at the sale. 拍卖这家具获900英镑. * How much did you realize on those paintings? 那些画你卖了多少钱?
realizable, realisable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be realized (realize 2) 可实现的.
realization, realisation 
/ 9rIElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9rIElE`zeFEn/ n  1 [U] realizing (facts, hopes, plans, etc) （事情等）发生; （希望、 计画等）实现: I was struck by the sudden realization that I would probably never see her again. 我突然意识到可能再也见不到她了.  2 [U] converting property into money 变卖财产.
realism
/ 5rIElIzEm; `rIEl9IzEm/ n [U]  1 attitudes and behaviour based on the acceptance of facts and the rejection of sentiment and illusion 现实主义的态度和行为.  2 (in art and literature) portrayal of familiar things as they really are without idealizing them （文艺的）现实主义, 写实主义. Cf 参看 classicism, romanticism (romantic).  3 (philosophy 哲) theory that matter has real existence independent of our perception of it 唯实论; 实在论. Cf 参看 idealism.
realist 
n  1 writer, painter, etc whose work shows realism(2) 现实主义的作家、 画家等: [attrib 作定语] a realist writer, novel, style   .  2person who shows realism(1) in his attitudes and behaviour现实主义者: I'm a realist  I know you can't change people's attitudes overnight. 我是实事求是的人--知道不可能在一夜之间改变人们的看法.
realistic 
/ 9rIE5lIstIk; 9rIE`lIstIk/ adj  1 (in art and literature) showing realism(2) （文艺的）现实主义的, 写实主义的.  2 based on facts rather than on sentiment or illusion; practical 实事求是的: a realistic person, attitude 实事求是的人、 态度 * Be realistic  you can't expect a big salary at eighteen. 实际一点吧--你别指望十八岁就能挣高薪.  3 (of wages or prices) high enough to pay the worker or seller adequately （指工资或价格）够高的: Is this a realistic salary for such a responsible job? 这种工作责任重大, 这份薪水够高吗? 
realistically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
reality
/ rIA5lEtI; rI`AlEtI/ n  1 [U] quality of being real or of resembling an original 真实（性）: the lifelike reality of his paintings 他的绘画作品中表现的真实性.  2 [U] all that is real; the real world, as contrasted with ideals and illusions 现实; 现实世界: bring sb back to reality, ie make him give up his illusions 使某人面对现实 * escape from the reality of everyday existence 逃避现实 * face (up to) (ie accept) reality 正视（承认）现实.  3 [C often pl 常作复数] thing that is actually experienced or seen; thing that is real 实际经历或目睹过的事物: the harsh realities (eg poverty, misery, etc) of unemployment 失业的严酷现实 * He cannot grasp the realities of the situation. 他未能掌握实际情况. * The plan will soon become a reality, ie will be carried out. 这计画不久就要化为现实.  4 (idm 习语) in re`ality in actual fact; really 事实上; 实际上: The house looks very old, but in reality it's quite new. 这房子看起来很旧, 实际上很新.
really
/ 5rIElI; `rIElI/ adv  1 in reality; truly 事实上; 实际上; 真正地; 真实地; 的确; 确实: What do you really think about it? 你对那件事究竟是怎样想的? * Your name is on the car's documents, but who really owns it? 汽车登记证上倒是写著你的名字, 但真正的车主是谁? * Do you love him  really (and truly)? 你爱他吗--确实爱他吗?  2 thoroughly; very 完全地; 非常: a really charming person 很讨人喜欢的人 * a really cold, fast, long, etc journey 非常冷、 快、 长等的一次旅行.  3 (used to express interest, surprise, mild protest, doubt, etc 用以表示兴趣、 惊奇、 异议、 怀疑等): `We're going to Japan next month.' `Oh, really?' ｀我们下个月要去日本.＇｀啊, 真的吗?＇ * You `really shouldn't smoke. 你真不该吸烟. * `Shut up!' `Well, really!' ｀住口!＇｀哎呀, 怎麽啦!＇ * `She's going to resign.' `Really? Are you sure?' ｀她打算辞职了.＇｀真的? 这话有把握吗?＇
realm
/ relm; rZlm/ n  1 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) kingdom 王国: the defence of the realm 捍卫国家 * coins, peers, laws of the realm 王国的钱币、 贵族、 法律.  2 (fig 比喻) field of activity or interest; sphere （活动或兴趣的）领域, 范围: in the realm of literature, science, etc 在文学、 科学等领域里 * the realms of the imagination 想像的境界.
realpolitik
/ 9reIAl5pClItIk; re`Bl9polI9tik/ n [U] (German 德) approach to politics based on realities and material needs, not on morals or ideals 现实政治, 实力政策（从现实及物质需要出发而不顾及道义与理想）.
realtor
/ 5rIEltE(r); `rIEltL/ n (US) = estate agent (estate).
realty
/ 5rIEltI; `riEltI/ n = real estate (real).
ream
/ ri:m; rim/ n  1 [C] 500 or 516 (formerly 480) sheets of paper 令（纸张的计数单位, 旧为 480 张, 现为 500 或 516 张）. Cf 参看 quire.  2 reams [pl] (infml fig 口, 比喻) large quantity (of writing) 许多（文字）: write reams (and reams) of bad verse 写出很多（很多）坏诗.
reap
/ ri:p; rip/ v  1 [I, Tn] cut and gather (a crop, esp grain) as harvest 收割（庄稼, 尤指谷物）; 收获: reap (a field of) barley 收割（田里的）大麦.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) receive (sth) as a result of one's own or others' actions （因自己或他人所为）获得（某事物）: reap the reward of years of study 从多年研究中获得报偿 * reap the fruits of one's actions 获得自己努力的成果.  3 (idm 习语) (,sow the `wind and) ,reap the `whirlwind (saying 谚) (start sth that seems fairly harmless and) have to suffer unforeseen consequences that are serious or disastrous 播种的是风, 收割的是暴风; （原无大害的事）後果却不堪设想.
reaper 
n  1 person who reaps 收割者; 收获者.  2 machine for reaping 收割机.
reaping-hook 
n sickle 镰刀.
reappear
/ 9ri:E5pIE(r); 9riE`pIr/ v [I] appear again (afterbeing absent or not visible) 再出现; 再现. 
reappearance
/-rEns; -rEns/ n [U, C].
reappraisal
/ 9ri:E5preIzl; 9riE`prezl/ n [U, C] action of re-examining sth to see whether it or one's attitude to it should be changed; re-evaluation 重新考虑; 重新评价: a reappraisal of the situation, problem, etc 对情况、 问题等的重新考虑 * a radical reappraisal of our trade with China 对我们同中国的贸易彻底的重新估价.
rear
/ rIE(r); rIr/ n  1 (usu 通常作 the rear) [sing] the back part 後部; 後面; 背後: a kitchen in/at/to the rear of the house 在房子後部的厨房 * a view of the house taken from the rear 房子的後视景 * attack the enemy's rear 攻击敌人的後部 * [attrib 作定语] a car's rear doors, lights, wheels, window 汽车的後门、 尾灯、 後轮、 後窗.  2 [C] (infml euph 口, 婉) buttocks 臀部; 屁股: a kick in/on the rear 踢屁股一脚.  3 (idm 习语) ,bring up the `rear be or come last, eg in a procession, race, etc 处於在最後的位置, 殿後（如列队行进、 赛跑等）.
rearmost 
/ 5rIEmEUst; `rIr9most/ adj furthest back 最後的: the rearmost section of the aircraft 飞机的最後一段机身.
rearward 
/ 5rIEwEd; `rIrwLd/ n [U] the rear (used esp in the expressions shown) 後部, 後面（尤用於以下示例）: to rearward of (ie some distance behind) sth 在某物之後 * in the rearward, ie at the back 在後部.
rearwards 
/ 5rIEwEdz; `rIrwLdz/ (also rearward) adv towards the rear 向後: move the troops rearwards 使部队向後移动.
rear-admiral 
/ 9rIEr 5dmErEl; 9rIr`AdmErEl/ n navalofficer holding a rank between those of commodore and vice-admiral 海军少将: Rear Admiral (Tom) King （汤姆·）金海军少将. =>App 9 见附录9.
rearguard 
n (usu  the rearguard) [CGp] body of troops sent to guard the rear of an army, esp when it is retreating 後卫部队（尤指军队撤退时的）. Cf 参看 vanguard. `rearguard action  1 fight between an army in retreat and the enemy 後卫战斗（後撤的部队与敌军之间的战斗）.  2 (fig 比喻) struggle continued even when it is unlikely to succeed 即使无望取胜也要继续进行的斗争: The government is fighting a rearguard action against the mass of public opinion. 政府冒天下之大不韪负隅顽抗.
rear-view mirror 
mirror in which a driver can see traffic, etc behind him 後视镜（供司机观察後面情况的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
rear
/ rIE(r); rIr/ v  1 [Tn] (a) (esp Brit) bring up and educate (children, etc) 养育（子女等）: rear a family 养家. (b) breed and look after (sheep, poultry, etc); grow or produce (crops) 饲养（羊、 家禽等）; 种植（作物）. Cf 参看 raise 6.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of a horse, etc) raise itself on its hind legs （指马等）用後腿站立: The horse reared (up) in fright. 那马因受惊而用後腿直立（起来）.  3 [Tn] raise (esp one's head) 抬起（尤指头）: The snake reared its head. 那蛇扬起了头. * (fig 比喻) terrorism rearing its ugly head again 再次嚣张起来的恐怖主义.
rearm
/ 9ri:5B:m; ri`Brm/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sth) supply (an army, etc) with weapons again or with better weapons 重新武装或装备（军队等）; 给（军队等）更新装备. 
rearmament 
/ ri:5B:mEmEnt; ri`BrmEmEnt/ n [U].
rearrange
/ 9ri:E5reIndV; 9riE`rendV/ v [Tn]  1 place (sth) in a different way or order 重新安排（某物）; 改变（某物）的秩序: rearrange the furniture, one's books, etc 重新摆放家具、 重新整理自己的书 * Do you like the way I've rearranged the room? 我把房间这样重新布置了一下, 你觉得怎样?  2 change (plans, etc) that have already been made 改变既定的（计画等）: Let's rearrange the match for next Saturday. 咱们把比赛重新安排在下星期六举行吧. 
rearrangement 
n [U, C]: make some rearrangements 做些新安排.
reason
/ 5ri:zn; `rizn/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth); ~ (why.../that...) (fact put forward as or serving as the) cause of, motive for or justification for sth 原因; 动机; 理由: for one/some reason or other 由於某种原因 * have adequate/sufficient reason for doing sth 有充分的[足够的]理由做某事 * all the more reason for doing/to do sth 做某事的更为充足的理由 * Give me your reasons for going/the reasons foryour going. 告诉我你去的动机. * There is/We have (good) reason to believe that he is lying. 有[我们有]（充分的）理由认为他说谎. * Is there any (particular) reason why you can't come? 你有什麽（特殊的）原因不能来? * The reason why I'm late is that/because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车. * My reason is that the cost will be too high. 我的理由是费用太高. * We aren't going, for the simple reason that we can't afford it. 我们不去, 原因很简单: 我们负担不起. * She complained, with reason (ie rightly), that she had been underpaid. 她抱怨她工资一直很低, 这也不无道理. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [U] power of the mind to think, understand, form opinions, etc 思考、 理解、 推想等的能力; 理性: Only man has reason. 只有人类才有理性.  3 one's/sb's reason [sing] one's/sb's sanity 自己的[某人的]理智: lose one's reason/senses, ie go mad 失去理智（即发疯） * We feared for her reason, ie were afraid that she might go mad. 我们担心她可能失去理智.  4 [U] what is right or practical or possible; common sense or judgement 道理; 情理; 明智; 常识; 常理: see/listen to/hear/be open to (ie be prepared to accept) reason 讲道理（服理） * There's a good deal of reason in what you say. 你的话很有道理.  5 (idm 习语) be,yond/,past all `reason not reasonable or acceptable 不合道理的; 无法接受的: Her outrageous remarks were/went beyond all reason. 她那些无礼的话全无道理. ,bring sb to `reason; ,make sb see `reason make sb stop acting foolishly, resisting uselessly, etc 使某人停止愚蠢的举动、 无谓的抵抗等. by reason of sth (fml 文) because of sth 因为或由於某事物: He was excused by reason of his age. 他因年高而获宥. for reasons/some reason best known to one`self (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) for reasons that are hard for others to understand or discover 出於惟本人才知道的原因: For reasons best known to himself, he drinks tea from a beer glass. 谁都猜不透他为什麽要用啤酒杯子喝茶. (do anything) in/within `reason sensible or reasonable 理智的; 合理的: I'll do anything within reason to earn my living. 为了谋生, 只要是正当的事我什麽事都做. lose all reason => lose. rhyme or reason => rhyme n. it/that ,stands to `reason it/that is obvious to everyone 这是人人都清楚的: It stands to reason that nobody will work without pay. 做工作不能白做, 这是明摆著的事.
reason
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A cause (of something) is what makes something happen *cause指事物发生的原因: The police are investigating the cause of the explosion. 警方正在调查爆炸的原因. *  The causes of the First World War. 第一次世界大战的起因. Reason (for something) has a wider use. *reason一词用法较广. It can be the explanation that people give for why something is done 可用以解释做某事的原因或理由: What was the reason for his resignation? ? *  She didn't give any reasons for leaving. 她未做任何解释就走了. Reason, justification and cause (for something) can indicate that the explanation is acceptable to people in general, or reasonable *reason、 justification、 cause三词均指用以解释的理由是一般人都可以接受的, 或曰reasonable: The police had no reason to suspect him/no justification for suspecting him/no cause for suspicion (ie They didn't suspect him or shouldn't have suspected him). 警方是没有理由怀疑他的（即: 警方未怀疑他或不该怀疑他）. ��BGround is the formal, especially legal, justification for an action. *ground是用於较庄重场合的另一同义词, 尤用於法律文件中. It is commonly used in the plural 此词常用作复数: Boredom is not a ground for divorce. 日久生厌不能成为离婚的理由. *  I left my job on medical grounds. 我由於健康原因而辞去了工作. A motive for doing something is a feeling or desire within people which makes them act *motive指想做某事的感觉或愿望: He claimed that his motive for stealing was hunger. 他说他因为饿才去偷东西. *  The crime seemed to have been committed without (a) motive. 这一罪案似乎并无作案动机.
reason
/ 5ri:zn; `rizn/ v  1 (a) [I] use one's power to think, understand, form opinions, etc 思考; 理解; 推理: man's ability to reason 人的思考能力. (b) [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] conclude or state as a step in this process 推论; 推断: He reasoned that if we started at dawn, we would be there by noon. 他推断, 我们要是黎明出发, 中午就能到.  2 (phr v) reason sb into/out of sth persuade sb by argument to do/not to do sth 以理说服某人做[不做]某事: reason sb out of his fears 劝说某人消除恐惧 * She was reasoned into a sensible course of action. 她听人劝而采取了理智的做法. reason sth out find an answer to (a problem, etc) by considering various possible solutions 考虑各种可能性以找出对（问题等）的解决办法: The detective tried to reason out how the thief had escaped. 这个侦探反复琢磨想弄明白那个窃贼是怎样逃跑的. reason with sb argue in order to convince or persuade sb 为说服某人而与之理论: I reasoned with her for hours about the danger, but she would not change her mind. 我跟她争辩了几个小时,想让她认识到危险性, 但她就是不听. * There's no reasoning with that woman, ie She won't listen to arguments. 那个女人简直不可理喻.
reasoned 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of an argument, etc) presented in a logical way （指论据等）合乎逻辑的: a reasoned approach to the problem 处理该问题的合理的方法 * She put a (well-)reasoned case for increasing the fees. 对於提高费用, 她提出了（非常）充分的理由.
reasoning 
n [U] act or process of using one's reason1(2); arguments produced when doing this 运用思考、 理解、 推想等能力的做法或过程; 推理: great power/strength of reasoning 极强的推理能力 * Your reasoning on this point is faulty. 你在这一点上的推论是错误的.
reasonable
/ 5ri:znEbl; `riznEbl/ adj  1 (a) (of people) ready to use or listen to reason; sensible （指人）讲理的, 明事理的: No reasonable person could refuse. 凡是明事理的人都不会拒绝此事. * She's perfectly reasonable in her demands. 她的要求完全合情合理. (b) (of emotions, opinions, etc) in accordance with reason; not absurd; logical （指情感、 见解等）合情理的, 不荒谬的, 合逻辑的: a reasonable suspicion, fear, belief, etc 不无道理的怀疑、 恐惧、 信念等 * a reasonable attitude, conclusion 合乎情理的态度、 结论 * It's not reasonable to expect a child to understand sarcasm. 希望孩子明白讽刺的意义, 未免脱离实际. * Is the accused guilty beyond all reasonable doubt? 判定被告有罪是否毫无怀疑余地?  2 (a) not unfair or expecting too much; moderate 公平的; 不过分的; 适度的: a reasonable fee, offer, claim 公平合理的费用、 出价、 要求. (b) (of prices, etc) not too expensive; acceptable （指价格等）不太贵的, 公道的: Ten pounds for a good dictionary seems reasonable enough. 花十镑买一部好词典算是够公道的了.  3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] tolerable; average 还可以的; 平均水平的: reasonable weather, health, food 过得去的天气、 健康状况、 食物 * There's a reasonable chance that he'll come. 他还是有可能来的. * reasonable expectations of success 对取得成功所抱有的并非捕风捉影的希望.
reasonableness 
n [U].
reasonably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv  1 in a reasonable way 合理地; 合乎逻辑地; 有理由地: discuss the matter calmlyand reasonably 冷静而有理性地讨论问题.  2 moderately,acceptably or tolerably; fairly or quite 适度地; 尚可; 过得去; 公平地; 相当地: reasonably good, cheap, intelligent 相当好、 便宜、 聪明 * a reasonably-priced book 售价公 道的书 * He seems reasonably satisfied with it. 他看来对此相当满意.
reassure
/ 9ri:E5FR:(r); ?@ -5FUEr; 9riE`FJr/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (about sth) remove sb's fears or doubts; make sb confident again 消除某人的恐惧或疑虑; 恢复某人的信心; 使某人放心: The police reassured her about her child's safety. 警方让她放心, 她的孩子很安全. * A glance in the mirror reassured him that his tie wasn't crooked. 他照了一下镜子, 领带确实没有戴歪.
reassurance 
/ -rEns; -rEns/ n  1 [U] reassuring or being reassured 消除恐惧或疑虑; 恢复信心; 放心: want, need, demand, etc reassurance, eg from a doctor about one's health 需要消除疑虑（如经医生证实身体健康）.  2 [C] thing that reassures 使人消除恐惧或疑虑的事物; 使人恢复信心的事物: numerous reassurances that we were safe 消除我们的疑虑使我们感到安全的事物.
reassuring 
adj that reassures 使人消除恐惧或疑虑的; 使人放心的: a reassuring glance, word, pat on the back 使人恢复信心的目光、 话、 轻拍一下背部. 
reassuringly 
adv.
rebate
/ 5ri:beIt; `ribet/ n amount by which a debt, tax, etc can be reduced; discount or partial refund （债、 税等的）可减免的款额; 折扣; 部分退款: qualify for a rate/rent/tax rebate 有资格获得房地产税[租金/所得税]的部分退款 * offer a rebate of 1.50 for early settlement, ie of an account, a bill, etc 及早结帐有1.50英镑的折扣. Cf 参看 discount1.
rebel
/ 5rebl; `rZbl/ n (a) person who fights against, or refuses to serve, the established government 反政府的人; 拒不为政府效劳的人; 反叛者; 造反者: [attrib 作定语] rebel forces 叛军. (b) person who resists authority or control 反抗权威的人; 抗拒控制的人; 叛逆者: She has always been a bit of a rebel. 她总是有点桀骜不驯.
rebel 
/ rI5bel; rI`bZl/ v (-ll-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth)  1 fight against or resist the established government 反抗政府; 反叛; 造反.  2 resist authority or control; protest strongly 反抗权威; 抗拒控制; 叛逆; 强烈抗议: Such treatment would make anyone rebel. 谁受这样的对待都得反抗. * He finally rebelled against his strict upbringing. 他终於起来反抗那种严厉管教他的方式.
rebellion 
/ rI5belIEn; rI`bZljEn/ n ~ (against sb/sth)  1 [U] open (esp armed) resistance to the established government; resistance to authority or control 对政府的公开（尤指武装）反抗; 对权威的反抗; 对控制的抗拒; 反叛; 造反; 叛逆: rise (up) in open rebellion 起来造反.  2 [C] act of rebelling 反叛行动: five rebellions in two years 两年中的五次叛乱.
rebellious 
/ rI5belIEs; rI`bZljEs/ adj showing a desire to rebel; not easily controlled 显示反叛欲望的; 叛逆的; 难以控制的: rebellious tribes 反叛部落 * rebellious acts, activities, behaviour, etc 叛逆的行动、 活动、 行为等 * a child with a rebellious temperament 倔强的孩子. 
rebelliously 
adv. 
rebelliousness 
n [U].
rebind
/ 9ri:5baInd; ri`baInd/ v (pt, pp rebound / 9ri:5baUnd; ri`baJnd/) [Tn] put a new binding on (a book, etc) 重新装订（书等）.
rebirth
/ 9ri:5b\:W; ri`b[W/ n [sing]  1 spiritual renewal or enlightenment caused by religious conversion, etc （皈依後等精神上的）再生, 新生, 启蒙.  2 revival 复活; 复兴: the rebirth of learning, eg in the Renaissance 学术之再度繁荣（如文艺复兴时期的）.
reborn
/ 9ri:5bR:n; ri`bRrn/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 spirituallyrenewed or enlightened （精神上）再生, 新生, 启蒙. Cf 参看 born-again (born).  2 brought back to life; revived 重新获得生命; 复活: The old man felt reborn in his children. 这个老人觉得在他的孩子们身上获得了新生.
rebound
/ rI5baUnd; rI`baJnd/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/from/off sth) spring or bounce back after hitting sth 弹回; 反弹: The ball rebounded from/off the wall into the pond. 球从墙上弹回来掉进池里.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) have an adverse effect on (the doer); misfire 对（施动者）产生反作用; 未能奏效: The scheme rebounded on her in a way she had not expected. 她未曾想到这计谋反倒使她自食其果.
rebound 
/ 5ri:baUnd; `ri9baJnd/ n (idm 习语) on the `rebound (from sth) (a) while bouncing back 在弹回时: hit a ball on the rebound 击弹回的球. (b) (fig 比喻) while still affected by disappointment, depression, etc 失望、 沮丧等之余: She quarrelled with Paul and then married Peter on the rebound. 她和保罗争吵後愤而嫁给了彼得.
rebound
pt, pp of rebind.
rebuff
/ rI5bQf; rI`bQf/ n unkind or contemptuous refusal or rejection (of an offer, request, friendly gesture, etc); snub （对好意、 请求、 友好表示等的）粗暴拒绝, 轻蔑回绝, 冷落: Her kindness to him was met with a cruel rebuff. 她一片好心却遭到他冷酷的拒绝.
rebuff 
v [Tn] give a rebuff to (sb); snub 粗暴拒绝（某人）; 冷落.
rebuild
/ 9ri:5bIld; ri`bIld/ v (pt, pp rebuilt / 9ri:5bIlt; ri`bIlt/)[Tn]  1 build or put (sth) together again 重建（某事物）; 重新组装（某物）: rebuild the city centre after an earthquake 地震後重建城市中心区 * We rebuilt the engine (ie took it to pieces and put it together again) using some new parts. 我们用了一些新零件重新装配了这台发动机.  2 (fig 比喻) form (sth) again; restore 再形成（某事物）; 恢复: rebuild sb's confidence, hopes, health 恢复某人的信心、 希望、 健康 * After his divorce, he had to rebuild his life completely. 他离婚後得完全重新安排生活.
rebuke
/ rI5bju:k; rI`bjuk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) express sharp or severe disapproval to sb, esp officially; reprove sb 指摘或非难某人: My boss rebuked me for coming to work late. 我的上司指摘我上班迟到.
rebuke 
n act of rebuking sb; reproof 指摘; 非难; 责难: administer a stern rebuke 予以严厉的谴责.
rebus
/ 5ri:bEs; `ribEs/ n puzzle in which a word or phrase has to be guessed from pictures or diagrams representing the letters or syllables in it （以画或图代表字母或音节的）画谜.
rebut
/ rI5bQt; rI`bQt/ v (-tt-) [Tn] prove (a charge, piece of evidence, etc) to be false; refute 证明（指控、 证据等）不实; 反驳; 驳斥.
rebuttal 
/ -tl; -tl/ n  1 [U] act of rebutting or being rebutted 反驳; 反证: produce evidence in rebuttal of the charge 提出反驳指控的证据.  2 [sing] evidence that rebuts a charge, etc 用以反驳指控等的证据; 反证.
rec
/ rek; rZk/ abbr 缩写 = recreation ground 游乐场.
recalcitrant
/ rI5kAlsItrEnt; rI`kAlsItrEnt/ adj (fml 文) resisting authority or discipline; disobedient 反抗权威的; 不守纪律的; 不服从的: a recalcitrant child, attitude 倔强的孩子、 态度.
recalcitrance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being recalcitrant 抗拒; 不服从.
recall
/ rI5kR:l; rI`kRl/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) (to...) order sb to return (from a place) （从某处）召回某人: recall an ambassador (from his post) 将大使（从驻在国）召回 * recall (members of) Parliament, eg for a special debate 召回国会议员（如举行特别辩论会）. (b) [Tn] order (sth) to be returned 要求归还（某物）: recall library books, eg for stock-taking 要求归还图书馆的书（如以便清点）.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] bring (sth/sb) back into the mind; recollect 回忆（某事物[某人]）; 记起: I can't recall his name. 我想不起他的名字了. * She recalled that he had left early. 她回忆起他走得很早. * Try to recall (to mind) exactly what happened. 把发生的事情尽可能仔细地回忆一下. * I recall seeing him. 我记得见过他. * I recall her giving me the key. 我记得她给过我那把钥匙. Cf 参看 remember 1.  3 (phr v) recall sb to sth make sb aware or conscious again of sth 使某人重新注意到或意识到某事物: The danger recalled him to a sense of duty. 这危险的事唤起了他的责任感.
recall 
/ also 5ri:kR:l; `ri9kRl/ n  1 [sing] order to sb/sth to return 召回; 唤回: the temporary recall of embassy staff 使馆人员的临时召回.  2 [U] ability to remember; recollection 记忆力; 记性: a person gifted with total recall 有本事把全部细节都能记住的人 * My powers of recall are not what they were. 我的记忆力已大不如前.  3 [C] signal, esp a bugle-call, to troops, etc to return 军队等的归队信号; （尤指）归队号: sound the recall 吹归队号.  4 (idm 习语) beyond/past re`call that cannot be brought back or cancelled 想不起来的; 不能取消的.
recant
/ rI5kAnt; rI`kAnt/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (a) formally reject (a former opinion, belief, etc) as being wrong宣布放弃（以前的意见、 信仰等）: recant one's former beliefs, heresies 宣布放弃以前的信仰、 异教信仰. (b) take back or withdraw (a statement, an opinion, etc) as being false 撤回, 撤销（声明、 意见等）（因不正确）.
recantation 
/ 9ri:kAn5teIFn; 9rikAn`teFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] recanting 放弃; 撤销.  2 [C] act of recanting; statement that one's former beliefs were wrong 放弃; 撤销; 承认以前信仰错误的声明.
recap
/ 5ri:kAp; `rikAp/ v (-pp-) [I, Tn, Tw] (infml 口) = recapitulate. 
recap 
n [C, U] (infml 口) = recapitulation (recapitulate).
recap
/ 9ri:5kAp; ri`kAp/ v, n (-pp-) = re-tread.
recapitulate
/ 9ri:kE5pItFUleIt; 9rikE`pItFE9let/ (also infml 口语作 recap) v [I, Tn, Tw] state again or summarize the main points of (a discussion, etc) 重述或概括（讨论等）的要点: Let me just recapitulate (on) what we've agreed so far. 让我仅扼要重述一下到目前为止我们已取得的一致意见.
recapitulation 
/ 9ri:kEpItFU5leIFn; 9rikE9pItFE`leFEn/ (also infml 口语作 recap) n [C, U] (act of) recapitulating 扼要的重述; 概述: a brief recapitulation 摘要.
recapture
/ 9ri:5kAptFE(r); ri`kAptFL/ v [Tn]  1 capture again (a person or an animal that has escaped, or sth taken by an enemy) 重新捕获（逃跑的人或动物）; 夺回（敌人夺走的事物）: recapture escaped prisoners, bears 重新捕获逃脱的犯人、 熊 * The town was recaptured from the enemy. 该城已从敌人手中收复.  2 (fig 比喻) experience again or reproduce (past emotions, etc) 再次经历、 体验或产生（往日的情感等）: recapture the joys of youth 重新体验年轻时的欢乐 * recapture a period atmosphere, eg in a play, film, etc 再现某历史时期的气氛（如在戏剧、 电影等中）.
recapture 
n [U] recapturing; being recaptured 重新捕获; 再次体验: What led to the prisoner's recapture? 靠什麽线索把那个逃犯捉回的?
recast
/ 9ri:5kB:st; ?@ -5kAst; ri`kAst/ v (pt, pp recast)  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) put (sth written or spoken) into a new form 改动（文字或言语）: recast a sentence, chapter, paragraph, etc 改写一个句子、 一章、 一段等 * She recast her lecture as a radio talk. 她把讲义改动後用作电台的讲话.  2 (a) [Tn] change the cast of (a play, etc) 改变（戏剧等）的演员阵容. (b) [Tn] change the role of (an actor) 改变（演员）的角色: I've been recast as Brutus. 我改演布鲁特斯一角.
recce
/ 5rekI; `rZkI/ n [C, U] (infml 口) = reconnaissance:make a quick recce of the area 对该地区进行快速侦察. 
recce 
v [I, Tn] (infml 口) = reconnoitre.
recd
abbr 缩写 = received: recd 9.50 收到9.50英镑.
recede
/ rI5si:d; rI`sid/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (seem to) move back from a previous position or away from an observer （似）自原处後退或避开别人的注视: As the tide receded (from the shore) we were able to look for shells. 潮水（自岸边）退去, 我们就能寻找贝壳了. * We reached the open sea and the coast receded into the distance. 我们驶抵公海, 海岸似乎退到了远方. * (fig 比喻) The prospect of bankruptcy has now receded, ie is less likely. 破产的危险现已减少了.  2 [I] slope backwards 向後倾斜: a receding chin 向後缩的下巴 * Tom has a receding hairline, ie His hair has stopped growing at the forehead and temples. 汤姆的前发际已渐渐後移（前额和太阳穴不再长头发）.
receipt
/ rI5si:t; rI`sit/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) act of receiving or being received 收到: acknowledge receipt of a letter, an order, etc 签收信件、 订单等 * On receipt of the news, he left. 他一接到消息就走了.  2 [C] ~ (for sth) written statement that sth (esp money or goods) has been received 收条; 收据: get a receipt for your expenses 对开销要索取收据 * sign a receipt 在收据上签字 * [attrib 作定语] a receipt book 收据簿.  3 receipts [pl] money received by a business （营业）收到的款项,收入: net/gross receipts 纯[总]收入. Cf 参看 expenditure.4 [C] (arch 古) recipe 食谱; 烹饪法; 处方.  5 (idm 习语) (be) in receipt of sth (commerce 商) having received sth 已收到某物: We are in receipt of your letter of the 15th. 我们收到了您15日来函.
receipt 
v [Tn] mark (a bill) as having been paid, eg with a rubber stamp saying `Paid' or `Received with thanks' 在（帐单）上盖注有｀收讫＇字样的图章（以示款已付清）.
receivable
/ rI5si:vEbl; rI`sivEbl/ adj (usu following ns 通常用於名词之後) (commerce 商) (of bills, accounts, etc) for which money has not yet been received （指票据、 帐款等）应收的: bills receivable 应收票据.
receivables 
n [pl] assets of a business represented by accounts that still have to be paid 应收款项.
receive
/ rI5si:v; rI`siv/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) get, accept or take (sth sent, given, etc) 收到, 得到, 接到, 领取（邮寄、 赠送等之物）: receive a letter, present, phone call, grant 接到信、 礼物、 电话、 补助金 * receive a good education 受到良好教育 * receive severe injuries, blows 受重伤、 打击 * receive insults, thanks, congratulations 受到侮辱、 感谢、 祝贺 * Your comments will receive our close attention. 你的意见我们一定认真考虑. * You will receive a warm welcome when you come to England. 你到英国时一定受到热烈欢迎. (b) [I, Tn] (esp Brit) buy or accept (stolen goods) knowingly （有意）购买或接受（赃物）.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) allow sb to enter, eg as a guest, member, etc; admit sb 接待（如客人、 成员等）; 接纳或承认某人: rooms (eg in a hotel) ready to receive their new occupants 准备接待新房客的房间（如旅馆的） * He has been received into the Church. 他已入教. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth) (as sth) (fml 文) welcome or entertain (guests, etc), esp formally欢迎或招待（客人等）（尤指正式地）: The chief was received by the Prime Minister. 该领导人受到了首相的接见. * She was received with warm applause. 大家以热烈的掌声欢迎她. * He was received as an honoured visitor. 他以贵宾的身分受到款待.  3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) react in a specified way to sb/sth （以某方式）对某人[某事物]做出反应: How was the play received? 对这出戏反应如何? * My suggestion was received with disdain. 我的建议人家不屑一顾. * The reforms have been well received by the public. 公众对改革反应良好.  4 [Tn] convert (broadcast signals) into sounds or pictures 将（无线电讯号）转变为声音或图像: receive a programme via satellite 通过卫星接收节目 * Are you receiving me? ie Can you hear me (said to sb to whom one is speaking on a radio transmitter)? 你能收听到我的声音吗（通过无线电发报机呼叫对方）?  5 (idm 习语) be at/on the receiving end (of sth) (infml 口) be the one who suffers sth unpleasant 承受不愉快事物的人: The party in power soon learns what it's like to be on the receiving end of political satire. 执政党很快就尝到了遭受政治讽刺的滋味.
received 
adj [attrib 作定语] widely accepted as correct 公认为正确而普遍接受的: received opinion, pronunciation 公认为正确的看法、 规范读音 * change received ideas about education 改变对教育的一贯看法.
receiver
/ rI5si:vE(r); rI`sivL/ n  1 (a) person who receives sth 接受者. (b) (esp Brit) person who buys or accepts stolen goods knowingly 购买或接受分明是赃物的人.  2 (also Receiver, Of,ficial Re`ceiver) official appointed by law to look after the property and affairs of a minor, bankrupt, etc or to administer disputed property 破产管理官: call in the receiver 申请委派破产管理官 * put the business in the hands of a receiver 把公司交由破产管理官管理.  3 part of an instrument that receives sth, esp the part of a telephone that receives the incoming sound and is held to the ear 接收器; 受话器; （尤指）电话听筒: lift, replace, etc the receiver 拿起、 放下...听筒.  4 radio or TV set that converts broadcast signals into sound or pictures 无线电接收机; 收音机; 电视机.
receivership 
/ -FIp; -9FIp/ n [U] (law 律)  1 (period of) office of a Receiver 破产管理官的职务或任期.  2(idm 习语) in receivership (esp of bankrupt companies) under the control of an Official Receiver （尤指破产公司）受破产管理官管理: go into/be in receivership 交由[受]破产管理官管理.
recent
/ 5ri:snt; `risnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (that existed, happened, began, was/were made, etc) not long ago or before 不久前的; 近来的: a recent event, development, occurrence, etc 不久前的事件、 发展、 事情等 * In recent years there have been many changes. 最近几年有了许多变化. * Ours is a recent acquaintance, ie We only met a short time ago. 我们是最近才认识的. =>Usage at new 用法见new.
recently 
adv not long ago or before; lately 不久前; 近来: until quite recently 直到不久以前 * a recently painted house 最近粉刷过的房子.
recently
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Recently, not long ago, lately indicate that the action spoken about took place in the recent past. *recently、 not long ago、 lately均指最近发生过的事.  1 Recently has the widest use, in positive and negative statements and questions, with the past tense and the present perfect tense *recently用法最广, 可用於肯定式陈述句、 否定式陈述句及疑问句中, 与过去时态和现在完成时态连用: Did she have a party recently? 她最近举办过聚会吗? *  They've recently bought a new car. 他们不久前买了一辆新汽车.  2 Not long ago is only used in positive statements with the verb in the past tense *not long ago仅用於肯定式陈述句中, 与动词过去时态连用: They arrived in Britain not long ago/recently. 他们不久以前[最近]到达英国. *  It's not long ago that they arrived in Britain. 他们是不久以前到达英国的.  3 Lately is used in questions and negative statements. *lately用於疑问句和否定式陈述句中. In positive statements it is used generally with only, much and a lot. 若用於肯定式陈述句中, 通常与only、 much、 a lot连用. The verb must be in the present perfect tense动词必须用现在完成时态: Have you seen him lately/recently? 你近来[最近]见过他吗? *  They haven't written lately/recently. 他们近来[最近]没有写信. *  She's only lately/recently begun working here. 她只是近来[最近]才开始在这里工作的. *  I've seen a lot of her lately/recently. 我近来[最近]常见到她.
receptacle
/ rI5septEkl; rI`sZptEkl/ n (fml 文) container,space, etc for placing or storing sth 容器; 放置物品的地方: a receptacle for litter, washing, waste paper 垃圾箱、 待洗衣物袋、 废纸箱.
reception
/ rI5sepFn; rI`sZpFEn/ n  1 [U] action of receiving or being received 接受; 接待; 接纳; 接收: The bridal suite was prepared for the reception of the honeymooners. 新婚套间已准备好以接待度蜜月的人. * prepare rooms for the reception of guests 准备房间以接待宾客 * her reception into the religious order 接纳她进修道会 * [attrib 作定语] a reception area, camp, centre, etc, ie where refugees, immigrants, etc are received and accommodated 接待区、 营、 中心等（接纳和安置难民、 移民等的处所） * a `reception committee 接待委员会.  2 [sing] way in which sb/sth is received (receive 3) 反应: The play got a favourable reception from the critics. 该剧获评论界好评. * His talk met with/was given a warm (ie enthusiastic) reception. 他的讲话受到热烈的欢迎.  3 [sing] (Brit) area in a hotel or an office building where guests or clients are received, registered, etc （旅馆或事务所的）接待处: Wait for me at reception. 在接待处等我吧.  4 [C] formal social occasion to welcome sb 正式的欢迎场合; 欢迎会; 招待会; 宴会: hold a wedding reception 举办结婚宴会 * official receptions for the foreign visitors 欢迎外宾的招待会.  5 [U] receiving of broadcast signals; efficiency of this （无线电信号的）接收, 接收效果: a radio with excellent reception 接收性能极好的收音机 * Reception (eg of TV programmes) is poor here. 这里的接收情况欠佳（如电视节目的）.
receptionist 
/ -FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n person employed to make appointments for and receive clients at a hotel, an office building, a doctor's or dentist's surgery, a hairdressing salon, etc （旅馆、 事务所、 诊所、 理发馆等雇用的）接待员.
reception desk 
(Brit) (in a hotel, an office building, etc) counter where guests, clients, etc are received, where they ask for rooms, etc （旅馆、 事务所等的）服务台.
reception room  
1 (used esp when advertising houses for sale 尤用於房屋出售广告) living-room; room other than a kitchen, bathroom or bedroom 客厅; 起居室.  2 room (eg in a hotel) suitable for large social functions （适於大型活动的）客厅（如旅馆中的）.
receptive
/ rI5septIv; rI`sZptIv/ adj ~ (to sth) able or quick to receive new ideas, suggestions, etc （对新的思想、 建议等）易於接受的, 接受得快的: a receptive person, mind, attitude 敏於接受新思想的人、 头脑、 态度 * receptive to new developments 对新事物接受得快的. 
receptiveness, receptivity 
/ 9ri:sep5tIvEtI;9risZp`tIvEtI/ ns [U].
recess
/ rI5ses; ?@ 5ri:ses; `risZs/ n  1 [C, U] (a) (US also vacation) period of time when work or business is stopped, esp in Parliament, the lawcourts, etc （工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间; （尤指国会、 法庭等的）休会期, 休庭期: the summer recess 暑假 * Parliament is in recess. 议会处於休会期. (b) (US) break between classes at school （学校的）课间休息. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.  2 [C] space in a room where part of a wall is set back from the main part; alcove 壁凹（墙壁的凹进处）; 凹室; 壁龛: a door, window, cupboard, etc recess 可供安门、 窗、 橱柜等的壁凹.  3 [C] hollow space inside sth 某物内部的凹形空间: a drawer with a secret recess 有隐秘槽子的抽屉.  4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] remote or secret place 遥远或隐秘的地方: the dark recesses of a cave 洞中隐秘的暗处 * (fig 比喻) in the innermost recesses of the heart/mind 在内心[思想]的最深处.
recess 
v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] place (sth) in a recess(2) 把（某物）放在墙壁的凹处: recessed shelves, windows, etc 在墙壁的凹处设置的搁架、 窗户等.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] set (a wall) back; provide (a wall) with recesses 将（墙）做成凹形; 在（墙）上做壁龛.  3 [I] (US) take a recess(1a) 休息; 休假; 休会; 休庭.
recession
/ rI5seFn; rI`sZFEn/ n  1 [C] temporary decline in economic activity or prosperity （经济）衰退; 不景气: an industrial, a trade, etc recession 工业、 贸易等的衰退. Cf 参看 slump n 1.  2 [U] movement back from a previous position; withdrawal 後退; 撤退; 撤回: the gradual recession of flood waters 洪水的逐渐消退.
recessionary 
adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of a slowing of economic activity （经济）萧条的, 疲软的: in the present recessionary period, conditions 在当前经济萧条的时期里、 情况下.  2 likely to bring about a slowing of economicactivity 可能使经济活动减慢的: a recessionary effect on the economy 可能使经济衰退的影响 * introduce recessionary measures 采取防止经济过热的措施.
recessional
/ rI5seFEnl; rI`sZFEnEl/ n (also recessional hymn) hymn sung while the clergy and choir withdraw after a church service （礼拜仪式完毕後牧师和唱诗班退场时唱的）退场赞美诗.
recessive
/ rI5sesIv; rI`sZsIv/ adj  1 (biology 生) (of characteristics inherited from a parent, such as the colour of the eyes or of the hair) not appearing in a child but remaining hidden because of the presence of stronger characteristics （指遗传性状, 如眼睛或毛发的颜色）隐性的, 潜性的. Cf 参看 dominant.  2 having a tendency to recede or go back （倾向於）後退的, 倒退的.
recharge
/ 9ri:5tFB:dV; ri`tFBrdV/ v [Tn]  1 charge (a battery, a gun, etc) again 给（电池）再充电; 给（枪）再装弹药.  2 (idm 习语) recharge one's `batteries (infml 口) have a period of rest and relaxation during which one's energy is built up again 休整. 
rechargeable 
adj: rechargeable batteries 可再充电的电池.
recherche
/ rE5FeEFeI; rE`FZrFe/ adj (fml 文)  1 (usuderog 通常作贬义) much too studied or refined; affected过分刻意求工的; 矫揉造作的: a recherche idea, writing style, image 煞费苦心的念头、 矫揉造作的文风、 挖空心思的比喻.  2 chosen or planned with great care; choice 精心选择的; 精心设计的: a recherche menu, eg for gourmets 佳肴菜单.
recidivist
/ rI5sIdIvIst; rI`sIdEvIst/ n person who commitscrimes repeatedly and seems unable to be cured of criminal tendencies; persistent offender 本性难移的惯犯; 累犯.
recidivism 
/ -IzEm; -IzEm/ n [U].
recipe
/ 5resEpI; `rZsEpI/ n  1 ~ (for sth) set of instructions for preparing a food dish, including the ingredients required 烹饪法; 食谱: [attrib 作定语] recipe books, cards 烹饪书、 食谱卡片.  2 ~ for sth (fig 比喻) method of achieving sth 方法; 秘诀; 诀窍: What is your recipe for success? 你取得成功有什麽窍门? * His plans are a recipe for (ie are likely to lead to) disaster. 他的计画後患无穷.
recipient
/ rI5sIpIEnt; rI`sIpIEnt/ n ~ (of sth) person who receives sth 接受者.
reciprocal
/ rI5sIprEkl; rI`sIprEkl/ adj given and received in return; mutual 互相给与的; 互惠的; 相互 的: reciprocal affection, help, trade 互爱、 互助、 互惠贸易 * have a reciprocal agreement to combat terrorism有相互配合的协定, 共同与恐怖主义作斗争.
reciprocally 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
reciprocal pronoun 
(grammar) pronoun expressinga mutual action or relation, eg each other, one another 相互代词（表示相互之行为或关系, 如 each other、 one another）.
reciprocate
/ rI5sIprEkeIt; rI`sIprE9ket/ v  1 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (a) give and receive (sth) in return; exchange (sth) mutually 互给（某物）; 互换（某物）. (b) return (sth done, given or felt) 回报以（某种动作、 物品或感情）: He reciprocated by wishing her good luck. 他也祝她交好运. * I reciprocate your good wishes. 我也同样祝福你.  2 [I] (of parts of a machine) move alternately backwards and forwards in a straight line （指机件）沿直线往复移动: a reciprocating saw 往复式锯 * reciprocating pistons 往复式活塞. Cf 参看 rotary 2. 
reciprocation
/ rI9sIprE5keIFn; rI9sIprE`keFEn/ n [U].
reciprocating engine 
engine in which pistons move backwards and forwards inside cylinders 往复式发动机.
reciprocity
/ 9resI5prCsEtI; 9rZsE`prBsEtI/ n [U] principleor practice of mutual exchange, esp of making concessions or granting privileges, etc in return for concessions or privileges received 相互交换的原则或实践; （尤指）互相让步或互惠: reciprocity in trade (between countries) （国与国之间的）贸易互惠.
recital
/ rI5saItl; rI`saItl/ n  1 [C] public performance of music, dance, etc by a soloist or a small group 独唱会; 独奏会; （小型团体的）音乐演奏会、 舞蹈表演会等: give a pi`ano recital 举行钢琴独奏会 * a `song/`dance/`poetry recital 歌曲演唱会[舞蹈表演会/诗歌朗诵会]. Cf 参看 concert.  2 [C] detailed account of a series of events, etc 一系列事件等的详述: I had to listen to a long recital of all his complaints. 我得听他那些没完没了的牢骚.  3 [U] action of reciting 背诵, 朗诵（尤指向听众）: his recital of the poem 他的诗歌朗诵 * music recorded in recital 在演奏现场录制的音乐.
recitation
/ 9resI5teIFn; 9rZsE`teFEn/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) public delivery of passages of prose or poetry learnt by heart （散文或诗歌的）当众吟诵, 背诵: recitations from Dickens 狄更斯作品选段的背诵 * the recitation of a ballad, an ode, etc 叙事歌谣、 颂诗等的背诵.  2 [C] piece of prose or poetry (to be) recited （要）背诵的散文或诗歌.  3 [C] (US) student's oral responses to questions on a lesson, etc （学生对课文等作的）口头答问.
recitative
/ 9resItE5ti:v; 9rZsEtE`tiv/ n [C, U] (passage of) narrative or dialogue in an opera or oratorio sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note 宣叙调, 朗诵调（歌剧或清唱剧中近似说话的歌唱风格）.
recite
/ rI5saIt; rI`saIt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say (a poem, passage, etc) aloud from memory, esp to an audience 背诵, 朗诵（诗文等）（尤指向听众）: recite a speech from `Hamlet' to the class 向班上同学背诵《哈姆雷特》中的一段话.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state (names, facts, etc) one by one; give a list of 说出一连串（名字、 事情等）; 列举: recite one's grievances 叙述自己的苦难 * recite the names of all the European capitals 一一说出欧洲各国首都的名称.
reckless
/ 5reklIs; `rZklIs/ adj ~ (of sth) (of people or their actions) not thinking of the consequences or of danger; rash or impulsive （指人或其行为）不考虑後果的, 不顾危险的, 鲁莽的, 由冲动引起的: a reckless spender, gambler, etc 乱花钱的人、 乱赌博的人 * fined 100 for reckless driving 因鲁莽驾驶罚款100英镑 * He's quite reckless of his own safety. 他完全不顾及自己的安全.
recklessly 
adv. 
recklessness 
n [U].
reckon
/ 5rekEn; `rZkEn/ v  1 [Tn.pr, Tf, Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n/a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.t esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth among sth; ~ sb/sth as sth (infml 口) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be of the opinion or consider that sb/sth is as specified 认为某人[某事物]是...: We reckon her among our best reporters. 我们认为她是我们最好的记者. * I reckon (that) he is too old for the job. 我认为他年龄太大, 不适於做这工作. * The price was reckoned high. 价钱未免太高了. * She is reckoned (to be) the cleverest pupil in the class. 她是班上最聪明的学生. * One quarter of the country is reckoned as unproductive. 全国四分之一的土地是不毛之地.  2 (a) [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (infml 口) assume; think 假定; 想; 思忖; 认为: I reckon we'll go next week. 我想我们下星期去. * The news won't worry her, I reckon. 我看这消息不会使她不安. * What do you reckon our chances are of arriving on time? 你认为我们有没有可能按时到达? (b) [Tf, Tt] calculate (time, price, age, etc) approximately; guess 约略地计算（时间、 价格、 年龄等）; 猜想: I reckon it will cost about 100. 我估计大约要100英镑. * We reckon to arrive in Delhi at noon. 我们估计正午抵达德里.  3 [Tn] find out (the quantity, number, cost, etc) by using numbers; calculate 算出（数量、 数目、 费用等）; 计算: reckon the total volume of imports 计算进口商品的总量 * Hire charges are reckoned from the date of delivery. 租金由货到之日起计算.  4 (phr v) reckon sth in include sth in a calculation 将某事物计算在内: When you did your expenses, did you reckon in your taxi fares? 你计算费用时, 把计程车费算进去了吗? reckon on sb/sth base one's plans on sb doing sth or on sth happening; rely on sb/sth 指望或依赖某人[某事物]: Can I reckon on you to help? 你能帮助我吗? * We're reckoning on moving house in May. 我们指望著五月份搬家. * You can't always reckon on (having) good weather. 总依赖（有）好天气是靠不住的. reckon sth up find the sum or total of sth; count sth up 计算; 结算: reckon up bills, accounts, costs, etc 结算帐单、 帐目、 费用等. reckon with sb/sth take sb/sth into account; consider sb/sth as important考虑到或重视某人[某事物]: They had many difficulties to reckon with. 他们有许多困难要考虑. * a force, fact,person to be reckoned with, ie that cannot be ignored不可忽视的力量、 事实、 人物. reckon without sb/sth not take sb/sth into account; not consider sb/sth as important 未考虑到或未重视某人[某事物]: We wanted a quiet holiday, but we had reckoned without the children. 我们原想安安静静地度假, 却没有把孩子考虑在内.
reckoner 
/ 5rekEnE(r); `rZkEnL/ n device or table (of figures, etc) used as an aid to reckoning 计算器; 计算表. Cf 参看 ready reckoner (ready).
reckoning
/ 5rekEnIN; `rZkEnIN/ n  1 [U] calculation; estimation 计算; 估计: the reckoning of debts, accounts, etc 债务、 帐目等的计算 * By my reckoning, this short cut will save us five miles. 据我估计, 我们走这条近道可少走五英里. * You were 5 out (ie over or under the correct sum) in your reckoning. 你计算差了5英镑.  2 [sing] (dated 旧) (settlement of an) account or a bill, eg at a hotel or restaurant 帐目或帐单（的结算）（如旅馆或饭馆中）: ask for the reckoning 要求结帐 * (fig 比喻) There'll be a heavy reckoning to pay! ie The consequences will be serious. 後果不堪设想!  3 (idm 习语) a day of reckoning => day.
reclaim
/ rI5kleIm; rI`klem/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sth (from sb/sth) recover possession of sth 恢复或收回某事物: reclaim tax, rent, lost property 取回税款、 租金、 失去的财物.  2 ~ sth (from sth) make (land) suitable for cultivation, eg by draining or irrigating it 开垦（土地）（如排水、 灌溉以利耕种）: reclaimed marshland, desert, etc 经治理的沼泽地、 沙漠等 * reclaim an area from the sea 填海造地.  3 ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) win sb back or away from sin, error, etc; reform sb 挽救某人（不再犯罪、 犯错等）; 改造某人: reclaim young offenders from a life of crime 挽救失足少年脱离罪恶的生活.  4 ~ sth (from sth) recover (raw material) from waste products （从废品中）回收（原料）: reclaim glass from old bottles 回收旧瓶子用以再造玻璃. Cf 参看 recycle. 
reclamation 
/ 9reklE5meIFn; 9rZklE`meFEn/ n [U].
recline
/ rI5klaIn; rI`klaIn/ v  1 [I, Ipr] lean or lie back in a horizontal or near-horizontal position 向後倚靠或躺: recline on a pillow, a sofa, a grassy bank 躺在枕头、 沙发、 草坡上 * recline in a deck-chair, a punt, a hammock 斜躺在摺叠帆布椅、 平底船、 吊床上 * a reclining chair, ie one with a back that tilts 躺椅 * a reclining seat, eg in a train, plane, etc 躺式座椅（如火车、 飞机等的） * a reclining figure, eg in a painting 躺卧著的人像（如绘画 中的）.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth against/on sb/sth put or lay (one's head, arms) in a position of rest 将（头、 臂）倚著某人[某物].  3 [Tn] tilt (a seat, etc) backwards 使（座位等）向後倾斜.
recluse
/ rI5klu:s; rI`klus/ n person who lives alone and avoids other people 隐居者; 隐士: live/lead the life of a recluse 过隐居生活.
recognizance, recognisance
/ rI5kCgnIzns; rI`kB^nIzEns/ n (law 律) (a) formal promise made to a court or magistrate that one will observe certain conditions (eg keep the peace), appear when summoned or pay a debt 具结; 保证书: enter into recognizances (for sb) （为某人）具结 * bail in one's own recognizance of 500 自付500英镑保证金获得保释 * be released on one's own recognizance 经本人具结获释. (b) sum of money pledged as a guarantee that this promise will be kept （交付法院的）保证金.
recognize, recognise
/ 5rekEgnaIz; `rZkE^9naIz/ v (not usedin the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb/sth (by sth) be able to identify (sb/sth that one has seen, heard, etc before); know sb/sth again 认出或识别某人[某事物]: recognize a tune, an old friend, a signal 听出一首听过的曲子、 认出一个老朋友、 识别一个熟悉的信号 * I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她.  2 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (as sth) be willing to accept sb/sth as valid or genuine; approve 承认某人[某事物]有效或属实; 认可: recognized (ie qualified or official) instructors, schools, charities 获得承认的教员、 学校、 慈善团体 * recognize sb's claim to ownership 承认某人提出的所有权要求 *(fml 文) Britain has recognized (ie established diplomaticrelations with) the new regime. 英国已承认了这个新政权. * Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人.  3 [Tn, Tf] be prepared to admit or be aware of (sth); realize 承认或认清（某事物）; 认识到: He recognized his lack of qualifications/that he was not qualified for the post. 他承认自己不够条件[没有资格]担任那个职务.  4 [Tn] show gratitude or appreciation of (sb's ability, service, etc) by giving him an honour or reward 给予某人以荣誉或奖励以对（其能力、 贡献等）表示感激或赏识: The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. 公司发给汤姆一笔额外奖金以表彰他工作出色. * His services to the State were recognized, eg by a knighthood. 他对国家的贡献获得了奖赏（如被封为爵士）.
recognizable, recognisable 
/ 5rekEgnaIzEbl, also 9rekEg-5naIzEbl; `rZkE^9naIzEbl/ adj that can be recognized可认出的; 可识别的; 可承认的; 可认可的: She was barely recognizable as the girl I had known at school.我几乎认不出她就是我上学时认识的那个女孩儿. 
recognizably, recognisably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
recognition
/ 9rekEg5nIFn; 9rZkE^`nIFEn/ n  1 [U] recognizing or being recognized 认识; 认出; 承认: an award in recognition of one's services, achievements, etc 为表彰某人的贡献、 成就等而授予的奖励 * He has won wide recognition in the field of tropical medicine. 他在热带疾患这一医学领域里广获赞誉. * (fml 文) Britain's recognition of (ie establishment of diplomatic relations with) the new regime is unlikely. 这个新政权不大可能获英国承认.  2 (idm 习语) change, etc beyond/out of (all) recog`nition change so much that recognition is very difficult 变化大得难以认出: The town has altered out of all recognition since I was last here. 自从我上次离开这里以来, 这小城已变得认不出来了.
recognizance, recognisance
/ rI5kCgnIzns; rI`kB^nIzEns/ n (law 律) (a) formal promise made to a court or magistrate that one will observe certain conditions (eg keep the peace), appear when summoned or pay a debt 具结; 保证书: enter into recognizances (for sb) （为某人）具结 * bail in one's own recognizance of 500 自付 500 英镑保证金获得保释 * be released on one's own recognizance 经本人具结获释. (b) sum of money pledged as a guarantee that this promise will be kept （交付法院的）保证金.
recoil
/ rI5kRIl; rI`kRIl/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth); ~ (at sth) (a) draw oneself back in fear, disgust, etc （因恐惧、 厌恶等）畏缩, 退缩: She recoiled from the gunman in terror. 她面对持枪歹徒吓得直往後缩. * He recoiled at the sight of the corpse. 他见到尸体厌恶得止步不前. (b) (fig 比喻) withdraw mentally 畏怯: recoil from murder, violence, etc 畏惧凶杀、 暴力等.  2 [I] (a) (of guns) jerk back when fired （指枪炮）反冲, 产生後座力. (b) (of springs) move or jump back suddenly after impact （指弹簧）弹回.  3 (phr v) recoil on sb (of harmful actions) return to hurt the person who does them （指有害行动）还治其人之身; 报应.
recoil 
/ 5ri:kRIl; `rikRIl/ n [U, sing] sudden backward movement, esp of a gun when fired 反冲（力）; （尤指枪炮的）後座（力）.
recollect
/ 9rekE5lekt; 9rZkE`lZkt/ v [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg no passive 不用於被动语态] succeed in calling (sth) back to the mind; remember 想起; 记得; 回忆起: As far as I recollect, you came late. 我记得你来晚了. * recollect one's childhood, sb's name 回忆起童年时代、 某人的名字 * I recollect that you denied it. 我记得你曾否认此事. * Can you recollect how it was done? 你还记得是怎麽做的吗? * She can recollect meeting the king. 她能回忆起觐见国王的事. * No one can recollect her leaving. 谁也想不起她走的事.
recollection
/ 9rekE5lekFn; 9rZkE`lZkFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] ability to recollect; action of recollecting 记忆力; 回忆: have amazing powers of recollection 有惊人的记忆力 * I have some/no recollection of that day. 那天的事我还记得一些[不记得了]. * lost in quiet recollection of the past 沉浸在对往事的幽思之中 * to the best of my recollection, ie if I remember correctly 就我记忆所及（假若我没记错的话） * My recollection of events differs from hers. 这些事, 我记得的情况与她的说法不同. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing, event, etc recollected 回忆的事物: vague, clear, distant, etc recollections of childhood 依稀记得的、 历历在目的、 遥远的...童年往事 * The old letters brought back many happy recollections. 这些旧信使人想起许多愉快的往事.  2 time over which sb's memory goes back 记忆所及的时间: Such a problem has never arisen within my recollection. 我不记得有过这样的问题.
recommend
/ 9rekE5mend; 9rZkE`mZnd/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) (for sth/as sth) praise sth as suitable for a purpose; praise sb as suitable for a post, etc; speak favourably of sb/sth 推许某事物; 推荐某人; 赞许某人[某事物]: recommend a car, film, plumber, etc 推荐某汽车、 影片、 管子工等 * What would you recommend for removing ink stains? 你看用什麽方法可除去墨迹? * She was strongly recommended for the post. 她获大力推荐担任这个职务. * I can recommend him as an extremely good accountant. 我推荐他一定能当个极好的会计. * Can you recommend me a good novel? 你给我介绍一本好的小说行吗?  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Dn.t, Dpr.f] suggest (a course of action, treatment, etc); advise 建议（采取某种做法、 对策等）; 劝告: I'd recommend extreme caution. 我奉劝多加小心. * I recommend that you resign. 我建议你辞职. * I'm not the person to recommend how the job should be done. 我不是能为做此事出主意的人. * I recommended (you) meeting him first. 我建议（你）先见见他. * I wouldn't recommend you to go there alone. 我劝你不要孤身一人到那里去.  3 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) (of a quality, etc) make sb/sth seem attractive （指特质等）使某人[某事物]显得可取: a plan with nothing, little, something, much, etc to recommend it 毫无、 没有什麽、 有某种、 有许多...可取之处的计画 * His integrity recommended him to his employers. 他很正直, 雇主对他都有好感.
recommendable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj: a highly recommendable film, restaurant, camping site 备受推荐的影片、 餐厅、 露营地.
recommendation 
/ 9rekEmen5deIFn; 9rZkEmZn`deFEn/ n  1 [U] action of recommending 推许; 推荐; 赞许; 建议; 劝告: speak in recommendation of sb/sth 口头推荐某人[某事物] * I bought it on your recommendation, ie because you recommended it. 我是经你推荐买的.  2 [C] (a) statement, letter, etc that recommends sb/sth, esp a person for a job 推荐; （尤指）推荐信, 求职介绍信: write, give sb a recommendation 为某人写推荐信、 给某人一封介绍信. (b) course of action, etc that is recommended 建议采取的做法等: The judge made recommendations to the court. 法官向审判人员提出建议. * a recommendation that the offer of 5% be rejected 对5%这一出价应予拒绝的建议.  3 quality, etc that makes sb/sth seem attractive 使某人[某事物]显得有可取之处的特质等: The cheapness of coach travel is its only recommendation. 乘长途汽车唯一可取之处就是旅费便宜.
recompense
/ 5rekEmpens; `rZkEm9pZns/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) reward sb (for his work, efforts, etc); compensate sb (for his losses, etc) 酬谢或报答某人（因其工作、 尽力等）; 赔偿或补偿某人（受的 损失等）: recompense employees for working overtime 给雇员发加班费 * recompense her for the loss of her job 赔偿她失去工作的损失.
recompense 
n [sing, U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) thing that rewards; thing that compensates 报酬; 赔偿; 补偿: receive adequate recompense for one's services, labours, efforts, etc 因工作、 劳动、 尽力等而获得合适的报酬 * award the victim 500 in recompense for damages 给予受害者 500 英镑损害赔偿金.
reconcile
/ 5rekEnsaIl; `rZkEn9saIl/ v  1 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sb) cause (people) to become friends again, eg after quarrelling 使（人）重新和好（如争吵後）; 使和解; 使复交: We were finally reconciled when he apologized. 他道歉以後我们终於言归於好了. * She refused to be reconciled with her brother. 她拒不同她的弟弟和解. (b) [Tn] bring (a quarrel, disagreement, etc) to an end; settle 化解（争吵、 分歧等）; 调解; 调停: They can't reconcile their differences. 他们无法调和彼此的分歧.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make (aims, statements, ideas, etc) agree when they seem to conflict 使（似有分歧的目标、 说法、 意见等）一致, 和谐: reconcile the evidence with the facts 使证据符合事实 * Can eating fish be reconciled with vegetarianism? 吃鱼与素食主义有矛盾吗?  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself to sth (cause sb to) accept reluctantly sth unwelcome, unpleasant, etc （使某人）无可奈何地接受某事物: The high salary reconciled me to living abroad. 我为获高薪也只好在国外生活. * Could you reconcile yourself to a lifetime of unemployment? 你能甘心一辈子失业吗?
reconcilable 
/ -Ebl, also 9rekEn5saIlEbl; -Ebl, 9rZkEn`saIlEbl/ adj. 
reconciliation 
/ 9rekEn9sIlI5eIFn; 9rZkEn9sIlI`eFEn/ n  1 [U] reconciling or being reconciled 和解; 调和; 一致; 和谐; 勉强接受: the reconciliation of ideas, opinions, etc 思想、 见解等的一致.  2 [sing] end to a quarrel, etc （争吵等的）止息; 和解; 复交: bring about a reconciliation between former enemies 使旧时的仇敌和解.
recondite
/ 5rekEndaIt; `rZkEn9daIt/ adj (fml 文)  1 (of subjects) little known or understood; obscure （指学科）不甚了解的, 不甚理解的, 深奥的.  2 (of writers, etc) dealing with subjects that are little known or understood （指作者等）研究鲜为人知的或难以理解的专题的.
recondition
/ 9ri:kEn5dIFn; 9rikEn`dIFEn/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] repair (sth) and put it into good condition again; overhaul or restore 修理（某物）; 彻底检修; 修复: a reconditioned engine, cooker 修复的发动机、 炉具 * reconditioned furniture, leather 修整过的家具、 皮革.
reconnaissance
/ rI5kCnIsns; rI`kBnEsEns/ (also infml 口语作 recce) n [C, U] (patrol, flight, etc that carries out an) exploration or a survey of an area, esp for military purposes （对某地区的）侦察或观测（尤指为军事目的）; （执行侦察任务的）巡逻队、 飞行队等: make an aerial reconnaissance of an island 对一岛进行空中侦察 * troops engaged in reconnaissance 执行侦察任务的部队 * [attrib 作定语] a reconnaissance plane, party, mission 侦察机、 小组、 任务.
reconnoitre (US reconnoiter) 
/ 9rekE5nRItE(r); 9rZkE`nRItL/ (also Brit infml 英式口语作 recce) v [I, Tn] explore or survey (an enemy area, position, etc) 侦察或观测（敌人的地区、 位置等）: The platoon was sent to reconnoitre the village before the attack. 在发动进攻前, 这个排奉命侦察该村.
reconsider
/ 9ri:kEn5sIdE(r); 9rikEn`sIdL/ v [I, Tn] consider (sth) again, esp to change an earlier opinion,decision, etc 重新考虑（某事物）: reconsider one's position, view, decision, etc 重新考虑自己的立场、 观点、 决定等 * The jury was called upon to reconsider its verdict.召集陪审团重新审议其裁定. 
reconsideration
/ 9ri:kEn9sIdE5reIFn; 9rikEn9sIdE`reFEn/ n [U].
reconstitute
/ 9ri:5kCnstItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; ri`kBnstE9tut/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态]  1 restore (dried food) to its original state, eg by adding water 使（脱水食物）复原（如加水）: reconstitute dried milk, powdered soup, etc 加水使奶粉、 汤粉等复原.  2 (fml 文) reorganize or change the membership of (sth) 重新组织或改组（某事物）: a reconstituted board, panel, committee,etc 经过改组的董事会、 专门小组、 委员会等. 
reconstitution 
/ 9ri:9kCnstI5tju:Fn; ?@ -tu:Fn; ri9kBnstE`tuFEn/ n [U].
reconstruct
/ 9ri:kEn5strQkt; 9rikEn`strQkt/ v  1 [Tn] construct or build again, eg after damage 重建, 修复（如破坏之後）.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (from sth) create again (sth that has existed or happened) by using evidence or imagination （根据证据或想像）重现（存在过的或发生过的事物）: Police are trying to reconstruct the crime, eg by using actors at the place where it was committed or by assembling the known facts. 警方正在重组作案经过（如派员到案发现场重演作案过程或汇集事实资料综合思考）. * We reconstructed what the dinosaur looked like from a few of its bones. 我们根据恐龙的一些骨头重组恐龙的原貌.
reconstruction 
/ -5strQkFn; -`strQkFEn/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) reconstructing or being reconstructed 重建; 再现: plans for the reconstruction of the city centre 重建城市中心的计画 * a reconstruction of events by detectives 侦探对事情经过的设想.  2 Reconstruction [sing] (US) period of occupation and reform in the Southern States after their defeat in the American Civil War 重建时期（美国南北战争末期南部各州的改革重建期）.
record
/ 5rekR:d; ?@ 5rekErd; `rZkLd/ n  1 [C] ~ (of sth) permanent account, esp in writing, of facts, events, etc （对事实、 事件等的）记录; （尤指）记载: a record of school attendances, road accidents 学生出席、 交通事故记录 * records of births, marriages and deaths 出生、 婚姻和死亡记录 * public, parish, medical, etc records 公共事务、 教区事务、 医疗等记录 * make/keep a record of one's expenses 记自己开支的帐.  2 [sing] ~ (for sth) facts, events, etc known (but not always written down) about the past of sb/sth （已知的有关某人[某事物]过去的）事实、 事件等（不一定有文字记载）; 功过; 经历; 履历: He had a good `war record, eg fought bravely. 他有良好的作战经历（如作战勇敢）. * have a (previous) criminal `record, ie have already been convicted for a crime or crimes 有前科 * The airline has a bad safety record, ie Its aircraft often crash. 这家航空公司安全情况历来不好（班机常失事）. * The school has a poor record for examination passes, ie Many of its pupils fail. 这所学校考试成绩历来欠佳（许多学生不及格）.  3 [C] (also `gramophone record, disc) ~ (of sb/sth) thin circular piece of plastic on which sound has been recorded 唱片: a pop, jazz, hit record 通俗歌曲、 爵士音乐、 流行歌曲唱片 * the band's latest record 该乐队最新录制的唱片 * put on/play some records 放一些唱片 * [attrib 作定语] a record sleeve, album, library 唱片的封套、 唱片集、 唱片库.  4 [C] best performance or highest or lowest level ever reached, esp in sport 最好的成绩, （最高的或最低的）水平, 记录（尤指体育运动）: beat/break (ie surpass) a record 打破一项记录 * an Olympic, world, all-time record 奥林匹克运动会、 世界、 空前的记录 * She holds the world record in/for the 100 metres. 她保持著100米世界记录. * [attrib 作定语] a record performance, score, time 刷新记录的表现、 得分、 时间 * record profits, sales, crops 创记录的利润、 销售额、 收成.  5 [C] (computing 计) set of related data forming a unit in a computer file 记录（计算机文件中形成一个单元的一组相关的数据）.  6 (idm 习语) (just) for the `recordso that it should be noted; for the sake of accuracy （仅）供记录在案; 为准确起见: Just for the record, the minister's statement is wrong on two points. 必须明确指出, 部长的言论有两点是错误的. ,off the `record (infml 口) (of statements, opinions, etc) not for publication or not to be officially noted （指说法、 意见等）不得发表的, 不可正式记录的: The Prime Minister admitted, (strictly) off the record, that the talks had failed. 首相承认会谈失败, 此消息（绝）不可发表. on `record (a) (of facts, events, etc) noted or recorded, esp officially （指事实、 事件等）记载下来的; （尤指）正式记录的: Last summer was the wettest on record for 50 years. 刚过去的这个夏季是50年来记录中雨水最多的. (b)(of statements, opinions, etc) publicly known or officiallynoted （指说法、 意见等）公开发表的, 正式记录的: be/go on record as saying that the law should be changed 公开说该法规应予更改 * put one's views, objections, etc on record, ie publish or broadcast them 公开发表自己的观点、 反对意见等. put/set the `record straight give a correct account of facts, events, etc; put right a misunderstanding （对事实、 事件等）作正确的陈述, 纠正误解: To set the record straight, I must say now that I never supported the idea. 我必须在此表明, 我从未支持过那种意见.
record-breaker 
n person, car, boat, etc that breaks a record1(4) 打破记录者（人、 汽车、 船等）.
record-breaking 
adj [attrib 作定语]: a record-breaking attendance, flight, jump, time 破记录的出席率、 飞行、 跳跃、 时间.
record-holder 
n person holding a sports record （某项运动的）记录保持者.
record-player (also dated 旧作 gramophone) 
n instrument for reproducing sound from records (record1 3) 唱机.
record
/ rI5kR:d; rI`kRrd/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] write down (facts or events) for later use or reference 将（事实或事件）记录下来以备他日使用或参考; 记录; 记载: record progress, developments, etc 记载进展、 发展等情况 * record the minutes/proceedings of a meeting 做会议记录[记录会议事项] * The papers record that inflation has dropped. 报纸刊载通货膨胀已下降. * Historians record how Rome fell. 历史学家记载了罗马帝国衰亡的经过. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tng] ~ (sth) (from sth) (on sth) preserve (sound or images) on a disc or magnetic tape for later reproduction 将（声音或图像）保存在磁盘或磁带上以便重放; 录（音）; 录（像）: To record, press both buttons. 录音时须按双钮. * My voice records quite well. 我的声音录下来很好听. * record music from the radio 录下无线电广播中的音乐 * record a speech, piece of music, TV programme (on tape/video) （在磁带[录像带]上）录演讲、 乐曲、 电视节目 * a recorded (ie not live) programme, concert, interview, etc 录制的节目、 音乐会、 访问记等（非现场直播的） * record sb playing the guitar 为某人的吉他演奏录音.  2 [Tn] (of measuring instruments) mark or indicate (sth); register （指测量仪器）标明或显示（某事物）; 自动记下: The thermometer recorded 40C. 温度计上显示出40C.
recorded delivery 
(Brit) postal service in which delivery is confirmed by the receiver signing a form 挂号邮递: send a letter by recorded delivery 寄挂号信. Cf 参看 registered post (register2).
recorder
/ rI5kR:dE(r); rI`kRrdL/ n  1 apparatus for recording sound or pictures, or both 录音机; 录像机: a `tape-recorder 磁带录音机 * a `video-recorder 录像机.  2 wooden or plastic wind instrument of the flute family, played like a whistle, with eight holes for the fingers 竖笛（木制或塑料制的管乐器, 有八个指孔）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.  3 (Brit) judge in certain lawcourts （某些法院的）法官.
recording
/ rI5kR:dIN; rI`kRrdIN/ n  1 [U] action of preserving sound or images on magnetic tape, etc （音像的）录制; 录音; 录像: during the recording of the show 在录制节目时 * [attrib 作定语] a re`cording studio, session, company 音像录制室、 时间、 公司.  2 [C] sound or images that have been preserved in this way （录制的）音像; 录音; 录像: make a video recording of a wedding 为婚礼录像 * a good recording of the opera on tape/video 将该歌剧录制得很好的录音带[录像带].
recount
/ rI5kaUnt; rI`kaJnt/ v [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give a detailed account of sth; tell about sth 详细叙述某事; 讲述某事: recount one's adventures, experiences, misfortunes, etc 叙述自己的冒险事、 经历、 不幸等 * He recounted how he had shot the lion. 他讲述他射死那只狮子的经过.
recoup
/ rI5ku:p; rI`kup/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sb/oneself for sth get back (what one has spent, lost, etc); give sb/oneself back (what has been spent, lost, etc) 获得（补偿）; 付给某人[自己]（补偿）: We recouped the show's expenses from ticket sales. 我们从门票收入中赚回演出的费用. * He recouped himself for his losses. 他挽回了自己的损失. * recoup what the project has cost 补偿该项目花去的费用.
recourse
/ rI5kR:s; rI`kRrs/ n [U]  1 possible source of help, eg in an emergency 求助的对象（如情况紧急时）: They managed without recourse to (ie without seeking) outside help. 他们不寻求外援也能应付过去. * Your only recourse is legal action. 你只有靠诉讼了.  2 (idm 习语) have recourse to sb/sth (fml 文) turn to sb/sth for help; get help from sb/sth 求助於某人[某事物]; 获得来自某人[某事物]的援助: I hope the doctors won't have recourse to surgery. 我希望医生可别非动手术不可.
recover
/ rI5kQvE(r); rI`kQvL/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth 找回（被盗、 遗失等之物）; 重新获得某事物（的所有权）: recover stolen goods, lost property, etc 找回被盗的货物、 失去的财物等 * Six bodies were recovered from the wreck. 从交通工具的残骸中找到了六具尸体. * recover what was lost 重新获得失去的东西.  2 [Tn] (a) get back the use of (one's faculties, health, etc) 恢复（能力、 健康等）: recover one's sight, hearing, etc 恢复视力、 听力等 * recover one's senses/consciousness, eg after fainting 恢复知觉（如晕倒後） * I'm slowly recovering my strength after a bout of flu. 我得过流感後体力正在慢慢恢复. (b) get back the control of (oneself, one's actions, one's emotions, etc) 重新控制（自己、 自己的行动、 自己的情绪等）: The skater quickly recovered his balance. 那个滑冰的人很快恢复了平衡. * She recovered herself/her composure and smiled. 她恢复了常态[镇静], 笑了笑. * The murderer never recovered his peace of mind. 这个杀人凶手心里再也没平静过.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) regain (money, time or position) 重新获得（金钱、 时间或地位）: They sought to recover damages, costs, expenses, etc from the firm. 他们设法向那家公司索取损害赔偿金、 用费、 费用等. * We recovered lost time by setting out early. 我们提前出发从而把损失的时间补了回来. * The team recovered its lead in the second half. 该队在下半场重新领先.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) return to a normal state, eg of health, mind, prosperity 回复到正常状态（如健康、 神智、 繁荣）: He's now fully recovered from his stroke. 他现已从中风病完全康复了. * recover from the shock, surprise, strain, etc 从震惊、 惊讶、 紧张等中恢复过来 * Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 贸易摆脱了战争的影响而很快复苏了.
recoverable 
/ -rEbl; -rEbl/ adj that can be recovered(recover 1) 能找回的; 能重新获得的: recoverable deposits, losses, assets 能索回的定金、 能挽回的损失、 能收回的资产.
recovery
/ rI5kQvErI; rI`kQvErI/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth/sb) recovering (recover 1) or being recovered 找回; 重新获得: the recovery of the missing diamonds 丢失钻石的寻回 * [attrib 作定语] a recovery vehicle, ie one for taking broken-down cars, etc to a garage 维修拖车（把毁坏的汽车等拉回修理厂的车）.  2 [sing, U] ~ (from sth) return to a normal state, eg of health or prosperity 恢复正常状态（如康复或复兴）; 复原: make a quick, speedy, good, slow, etc recovery (from illness) （从疾病中）很快、 迅速、 完全、 缓慢...康复 * be well on the way/road to recovery 正在顺利恢复 * the team's recovery from defeat 这个队失败後的重新振作.  3 [U] (esp US) area of a hospital where patients are kept immediately after an operation 监护部（医院中监护刚做过手术的病人的地方）: The patient is in recovery. 该病人在手术後的监护部.
recovery room 
(US) room in a hospital where patients are kept for observation after an operation 恢复室（医院中护理做过手术的病人的屋子）.
recreant
/ 5rekrIEnt; `rZkrIEnt/ n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated 旧) (person who is) cowardly, unfaithful or treacherous 怯懦的、 不忠的或叛逆的（家伙）; 懦夫; 叛徒: You recreant knave! 你这个不义之徒!
recreation
/ 9rekrI5eIFn; 9rZkrI`eFEn/ n [C, U] (means of) refreshing or entertaining oneself after work; relaxation 业余消遣或娱乐（的方式）; （身心的）放松; 休憩: My favourite recreation is chess. 我最喜欢的娱乐是下国际象棋. * walk and climb mountains for recreation为消遣而散步和爬山 * Gardening is a form of recreation.园艺活动是一种消遣方式.
recreational 
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or for recreation 消遣的; 娱乐的: take part in recreational activities 参加娱乐活动 * recreational facilities, eg sports grounds, swimming-pools 娱乐设施（如运动场、 游泳池）.
recreation ground 
(abbr 缩写 rec) publicly-owned area of land used for adult sports or games, or having swings, slides, etc for children （公共的）游乐场.
recreation room (also rec room) 
(US) room in a private house used for games, relaxation, entertainment, etc （私人住宅中的）康乐室.
recriminate
/ rI5krImIneIt; rI`krImE9net/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb) (fml 文) accuse or blame (sb by whom one has been accused or blamed) 反诉或反责（某人）.
recrimination 
/ rI9krImI5neIFn; rI9krImE`neFEn/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (act of making an) accusation in response to an accusation from sb else; countercharge 反诉; 反告: bitter, angry, furious, etc recriminations 激烈的、 愤怒的、猛烈的...反诉 * Let's not indulge in (mutual) recrimination.咱们不要总是互相指责吧.
recriminatory 
/ rI5krImInEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`krImEnE9tRrI/ adj of recrimination 反诉的; 反责的: recriminatory remarks, comments, etc 反唇相稽的话、 评语等.
recrudesce
/ 9ri:kru:5des; 9rikru`dZs/ v [I] (fml 文) (of diseases, violence, etc) break out again; recur （指疾病、 暴力活动等）复发, 再次发生.
recrudescence 
/ -5desns; -`dZsns/ n [C, U] (fml 文) new outburst; recurrence 新发作; 再发生: a recrudescence of influenza 流行性感冒的新发作 * prevent the recrudescence of civil disorder 防止内乱再次爆发.
recrudescent 
/ -5desnt; -`dZsEnt/ adj.
recruit
/ rI5kru:t; rI`krut/ n ~ (to sth) (from sth)  1 person who has just joined the armed forces or police and is not yet trained （未经训练的）新兵或新警察: new, recent, raw (ie inexperienced) recruits 新兵 * drilling recruits on the parade ground 在练兵场上训练新兵.  2 new member of a club, society, etc （俱乐部、 会社等的）新成员, 新会员: gain/seek new recruits (eg to training schemes) from among the young unemployed 从年轻的失业者中吸收[招收]新成员（如实施培训计画）.
recruit 
v [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (to sth) (from sth); ~ sb (as sth)  1 gain (sb) as a recruit; enlist 吸收（某人）为新成员; 徵募: recruit on a regular basis 定期招募 * a re`cruiting officer, poster, drive 徵募新兵的军官、 布告、 运动 * recruit new members (to the club) 吸收新成员（进入俱乐部） * recruit sb as a spy招募某人为特工.  2 form (an army, a party, etc) by gaining recruits （吸收新成员）组成（军队、 党派等）: recruit a task force 为特遣部队招募新兵. 
recruitment 
n [U].
rectal
/ 5rektEl; `rZktl/ adj (anatomy 解) of the rectum 直肠的.
rectangle
/ 5rektANgl; `rZktAN^l/ n four-sided geometricfigure with four right angles, esp one with unequal adjacent sides 方形; （尤指）长方形, 矩形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见 quadrilateral 插图.
rectangular 
/ rek5tANgjUlE(r); rZk`tAN^jElL/ adj having the shape of a rectangle 长方形的; 矩形的.
rectify
/ 5rektIfaI; `rZktE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn] put (sth) right; correct 改正（某事物）; 纠正: rectify an error, omission, etc 修订错处、 疏漏处等 * mistakes that cannot be rectified 无法改正的错误.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (chemistry 化) purify or refine, esp by repeated distillation 净化或精炼; （尤指）分馏, 精馏: rectified spirits 精馏酒精.  3 [Tn] convert (alternating current) to direct current 将（交流电）变成直流电; 整（流）.
rectifiable 
/ -faIEbl, also 9rektI5faIEbl; -9faIEbl/ adj that can be rectified 可改正的; 可精馏的; 可整流的: an error that is easily rectifiable 容易改正的错误.
rectification 
/ 9rektIfI5keIFn; 9rZktEfE`keFEn/ n  1 [U] rectifying or being rectified 改正; 精炼; 整流: the rectification of errors, alcohol 错误的改正、 酒精的精馏.  2 [C] thing that has been rectified; correction 被改正的事物; 经过精炼之物; 矫正.
rectifier 
n device that converts alternating current to direct current 整流器.
rectilinear
/ 9rektI5lInIE(r); 9rZktE`lInIL/ adj  1 in or forming a straight line 直线的; 形成直线的: rectilinear motion 直线运动.  2 bounded by or having straight lines 用直线围著的; 有直线的: a rectilinear figure 直线图形.
rectitude
/ 5rektItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `rZktE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) moral correctness or straightforwardness; honesty 正直; 刚正; 诚实: a person of stern (moral) rectitude 刚正不阿的人.
recto
/ 5rektEU; `rZkto/ n (pl ~s) right-hand page of an open book （打开的书的）右页: on the recto (page) 在右页上. Cf 参看 verso.
rector
/ 5rektE(r); `rZktL/ n  1 (a) (in the Church of England) clergyman in charge of a parish from which he receives his income directly (formerly entitled to receive all the tithes of his parish) （英国国教的）牧区司铎, 牧区长. Cf 参看 vicar. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) head of a church or a religious community （天主教的）教区首席神甫.  2 (esp Brit) head of certain universities, colleges, schools or religious institutions （某些学校或宗教机构的）校长、 院长或领导人.
rectory 
/ 5rektErI; `rZktErI/ n rector's house 牧区长、 教区长、 某些学校或宗教机构领导人的住所.
rectum
/ 5rektEm; `rZktEm/ n (pl ~s or  recta) (anatomy 解) lower end of the large intestine, through which solid waste passes to the anus 直肠. =>illus at digestive 见 digestive 插图.
recumbent
/ rI5kQmbEnt; rI`kQmbEnt/ adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp of a person) lying down; reclining （尤指人）躺著的, 斜倚的: a recumbent figure, eg in a painting or sculpture 卧像（如绘画或雕塑中的）.
recuperate
/ rI5ku:pEreIt; rI`kupE9ret/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) recover from illness, exhaustion or loss, etc 复原; 恢复（体力）; 挽回（损失等）: He is still recuperating from his operation. 他动手术後仍在恢复中. * recuperate one's strength after a climb 攀登之後恢复体力.  2 [Tn] get back (money spent or lost) 复得（花掉或失去的钱）: recuperate costs, expenses, etc 索回用费、 费用等.
recuperation 
/ rI9ku:pE5reIFn; rI9kupE`reFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) recuperating 复原; 恢复; 挽回.
recuperative 
/ rI5ku:pErEtIv; rI`kupE9retIv/ adj (fml 文) of or aiding recuperation （有助於）复原的, 恢复的, 挽回的: the recuperative powers of fresh air 新鲜空气可助人康复的作用.
recur
/ rI5k\:(r); rI`k[/ v (-rr-)  1 [I] happen again; happen repeatedly 再发生; 复发: a recurring problem, error, illness 反复出现的问题、 错误、 疾病 * The symptoms tend to recur. 这种症状有可能复发. * This theme recurs constantly throughout the opera. 这一主旋律在该歌剧中不断出现.  2 (phr v) recur to sb/sth (fml 文) (of ideas, events, etc) come back into the mind （指想法、 事情等）在头脑中重现: Our first meeting often recurs to me/my mind. 我们初次见面的情形时常浮现於我的脑海.
recurrence 
/ rI5kQrEns; rI`kQrEns/ n [C, U] (instanceof) recurring; repetition 复发; 反复; 重现: the recurrence of an illness, error, problem, theme 疾病、 错误、 问题、 主旋律的一再反复.
recurrent 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] recurring often or regularly 经常发生的; 周期性的: recurrent attacks, fits, headaches, etc 周期性发作的疾病、 痉挛、 头痛等 * a recurrent problem, theme 经常出现的问题、 主旋律.
recurring decimal 
decimal fraction in which the same figure(s) are repeated indefinitely, eg 3.999, 4.014014 循环小数（如: 3.999、 4.014014）: The recurring decimal 3.999... is also described as 3.9 recurring. 循环小数｀3.999...＇亦作｀3.9循环＇.
recusant
/ 5rekjuznt; `rZkjJznt/ n (formerly) Roman Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services as required by law （旧时）拒绝按照法律规定参加英国国教礼拜式的天主教徒.
recusant
/ 5rekjuznt; `rZkjJznt/ n (formerly) Roman Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services as required by law （旧时）拒绝按照法律规定参加英国国教礼拜式的天主教徒.
recycle
/ 9ri:5saIkl; ri`saIkl/ v [Tn] (a) treat (used material) so that it can be used again 回收（废旧材料）: recycle newspaper, ie by de-inking and pulping it 回收旧报纸（以脱墨和制浆方式处理）. (b) get (natural products) back from used material by treating it （利用废旧材料）再造（原始成品）: ,recycled `glass, ie from old bottles 再造的玻璃（利用旧瓶再制的）. Cf 参看 reclaim 4.
red
/ red; rZd/ adj (-dder, -ddest)  1 (a) of the colour of fresh blood or a similar colour 红的; 红色的: a red sky, door, car 红色的天空、 门、 汽车 * ruby-red lips 深红的嘴唇 * Maple leaves turn red in the autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. (b) (of the eyes) sore and having red veins and rims; bloodshot （指眼睛）布满血丝的, 眼眶发红的, 充血的: Her eyes were red with weeping. 她的眼睛哭红了. (c) (of the face) flushed with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞惭、 愤怒等）涨红的: turn, go, be red in the face 脸红.  2 (of hair or an animal's fur) of a reddish-brown colour; ginger or tawny （指毛发或动物皮毛）红褐色的, 黄褐色的, 茶色的: red deer, squirrels 马鹿、 红松鼠.  3 (a) Red [attrib 作定语] Soviet or Russian 苏维埃的; 俄国的: The Red Army, ie that of the former USSR 红军（前苏联军队） * Red (ie Communist) China 红色中国. (b) (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) revolutionary; communist 革命的; 共产主义的.  4 (idm 习语) neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring => fish1. not (be) worth a red `cent; not give a red `cent for sth (US infml 口) (be) worthless; regard sth as being worthless 没有价值; 认为某事物毫无价值. paint the town red => paint2. (as) red as a beetroot very red in the face, esp because one is embarrassed 满脸通红（尤因受窘）: He went as red as a beetroot when I asked about his new girl-friend. 我问起他那新女友, 他就满脸通红. a red `herring fact, argument, etc that leads attention away from the matter being considered 转移注意力的事情、 言语等: Stop chasing red herrings and get back to the point. 别东拉西扯了, 说正事吧. (like) a red rag to a bull likely to cause strong resentment, anger, violence, etc 可能激起强烈的憎恨、 愤怒、 暴力行动等: Her remarks were like a red rag to a bull: he was furious with her. 她的话惹得他对她暴跳如雷. 
redly 
adv: The fire glowed redly. 火烧得通红. 
redness 
n [U].
red-blooded 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) full of vigour or sexual desire; virile 充满活力的; 性欲旺盛的; 有男子气的: ,red-blooded `males 精力充沛的男子.
redbreast 
n => robin.
redbrick 
adj (Brit sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of universities) founded near the end of the 19th century or later （指大学）接近19世纪末或19世纪末以後建立的: redbrick colleges, campuses, etc 19世纪末建立的学院、 大学校园等. Cf 参看 Oxbridge.
red cabbage 
type of cabbage with red leaves 红色卷心菜.
redcap 
n (infml 口)  1 (Brit) member of the military police 宪兵.  2 (US) railway porter （火车站的）搬运工.
red card 
(in football, etc) card shown by the referee to a player that he is sending off the field （足球等）（比赛时裁判向球员出示的）红牌（罚球员下场）. Cf 参看 yellow card (yellow).
red carpet 
strip of red carpet laid out for the reception of an important visitor （为迎接贵宾铺的）红地毯: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) We must give our guests the red-carpet treatment. 我们得隆重接待贵宾.
redcoat 
n (formerly) British soldier （旧时）英国士兵.
red corpuscle (also red blood cell) 
blood cell that carries oxygen to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from them 红血球. Cf 参看 white corpuscle (white1).
Red Crescent 
(emblem of the) organization in Muslim countries that corresponds to the Red Cross 红新月会（穆斯林国家中相当於红十字会的组织）; 红新月会的会徽.
Red Cross 
(emblem of the) international organizationthat works to relieve suffering caused by natural disasters,etc and to help the victims of war 红十字会（的会徽）.
redcurrant 
n (shrub producing) a small round edible berry 红醋栗（小而圆的可食用的小果子）; 红醋栗灌木: [attrib 作定语] ,redcurrant `jelly 红醋栗果子冻.
red ensign 
red flag of the British merchant navy with a Union Jack in the top left corner 英国商船旗（红色, 左上角标有英国国旗）. Cf 参看 white ensign (white1).
red flag  
1 flag used as a symbol of danger, eg on roads, railways, etc （表示危险的）红色信号旗（如用於公路、 铁路等）.  2 symbol of revolution or communism （象徵革命或共产主义的）红旗.
red giant 
large star near the middle of its life that gives out a reddish light 红巨星（发微红色光, 其寿命已近中期）. Cf 参看 white dwarf (white1).
red-handed 
adj (idm 习语) catch sb red-handed => catch1.
redhead 
n person, esp female, with red1(2) hair 红褐色头发的人（尤指女子）.
red-hot 
adj  1 (of a metal) so hot that it glows red （指金属）热得通红的, 炽热的.  2 (fig 比喻) very great 极其: ,red-hot `anger, enthusiasm, etc 非常愤怒、 热情等.  3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (of news) completely new; fresh （指新闻）全新的, 最新的: The reporter had a red-hot story. 那个记者掌握著最新消息.
Red Indian (Brit redskin) 
(<!> infml offensive 讳, 口, 蔑) N American Indian 北美印第安人.
red lead 
red oxide of lead, used in paint 铅丹（用做颜料）.
red-letter 
day day that is important or memorable because sth good happened on it 重要的或值得纪念的日子.
red light 
road signal meaning `stop'; danger signal on railways, etc 红灯（表示｀停＇的道路信号; 铁路等的危险信号）: go through, jump a red light, ie not stop 闯红灯. red-`light district part of a town where there are many prostitutes, sex-shops, etc 红灯区（城市中妓女、 性用品商店等集中的地方）.
red meat 
beef, lamb or mutton 牛羊肉. Cf 参看 white meat (white1).
red pepper  
1 (red fruit of the) capsicum plant 红辣椒.  2 = cayenne pepper.
red setter 
= Irish setter (Irish).
redskin 
n => Red Indian.
red tape 
(derog 贬) excessive bureaucracy, esp in public business 繁文缛节; （尤指）官僚作风: procedures hedged about with red tape 繁琐拖拉的办事程序 * It takes weeks to get through the red tape. 办完这些繁琐的手续得需要几个星期.
red wine 
wine made from black grapes and coloured red by contact with their skins 红葡萄酒. Cf 参看 rose, white wine (white1).
redwood 
n any type of tree with reddish wood, esp a Californian conifer that sometimes grows to a great height 红木; （尤指加利福尼亚的）红杉（有些极高）.
red
/ red; rZd/ n  1 [U, C] (shade of) red colour （深浅不同的）红色: light, clear, deep, dark, etc red 浅、 纯、 深、 暗等红色 * There's too much red in the painting. 这幅画中用的红色太多. * the reds and browns of the woods in autumn, ie of the leaves, undergrowth, etc 秋天树林中呈现的红色和褐色（指树叶和矮树丛的颜色）.  2 [U] red clothes 红衣服: dressed in red 穿著红衣服 * Don't wear red tonight. 今晚别穿红衣服.  3 [C] (a) Red person supporting Socialism or Communism 拥护社会主义或共产主义的人: the conflict between Reds and Whites, ie during the Russian Revolution 拥护和反对共产主义的人之间的冲突（俄国革命期间）. (b) (infml or derog 口或贬) person supporting revolution or radical policies 赤色分子; 革命分子; 激进分子: a unioninfiltrated by reds 有赤色分子渗入的工会. Cf 参看 pink1.4 (idm 习语) be in the `red; get (sb) into the `red (infml 口) have more liabilities than assets; (cause sb to) owe money 负债; （使某人）欠债: My bank account is 50 in the red. 我的银行帐户有50英镑的亏空. Cf 参看 be in the black (black2 4). be out of the red; get (sb) out of the red (infml 口) (help sb to) be no longer in debt （帮助某人）偿清债务: This payment will get me out of the red, ie into a state of credit. 这一笔报酬能帮我偿清欠债了. see `red (infml 口) become very angry 大怒: Her criticisms were enough to make anyone see red. 她那些批评任谁都得火冒三丈.
redden
/ 5redn; `rZdn/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become red （使某物）变红.  2 [I] (of the face) flush with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞涩、 愤怒等）发红.
reddish
/ 5redIF; `rZdIF/ adj rather red 略呈红色的; 微红的: reddish fur, hair 略带红色的皮毛、 毛发.
redeem
/ rI5di:m; rI`dim/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) buy back sth by paying the required sum; recover sth 买回或赎回某物: I redeemed my watch from the pawn shop. 我把手表从当　里赎回来了. (b) [Tn] pay off (eg a debt); clear 偿清（债务等）; 结清: redeem a mortgage, loan, etc 偿还抵押借款、 贷款等. (c) [Tn] convert (bonds, shares, etc) into cash or goods 将（债券、 股票等）兑换为现金或货物: This coupon can be redeemed at any of our branches. 这种息票可在我们的任何分行兑现.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) keep (a promise); fulfil 遵守（诺言）; 履行: redeem one's pledges, obligations 履行誓约、 义务.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) obtain the freedom of sb, esp by payment; rescue sb 使某人获得自由; （尤指）为某人赎身; 解救某人: redeem hostagesfrom captivity 营救禁锢的人质. (b) (fig 比喻) (of Christ) free or save (mankind) from sin （指耶稣）将人类从罪孽中拯救出来.  4 [Tn] (a) make up for faults or deficiencies in (sth); compensate for 补救或弥补（某事物）; 补偿: The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary. 这份工作唯其薪水尚可弥补一切之不足. * The acting was not good enough to redeem the (awfulness of the) play. 该剧（很糟糕）, 演得好也於事无补. * Jones redeemed his earlier poor performance by scoring two goals. 琼斯射入两球方弥补其初时表现之不足. (b) save (sb/sth/oneself) from blame; vindicate 使（某人[某事物/自己]）免受责难; 维护: redeem one's honour 挽回名誉 * The minister redeemed himself in the eyes of the public by resigning. 这位大臣毅然辞职, 维护了自己在公众心目中的声誉.
redeemable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be redeemed 可赎回的; 可补救的; 可偿清的; （债券等）可兑现的.
the Redeemer 
n [sing] Jesus Christ 救世主; 耶稣基督.
redemption
/ rI5dempFn; rI`dZmpFEn/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 redeeming or being redeemed 赎回; 补救; 偿清; 兑现: the redemption of one's property, debts, shares, promises 财产的赎回、 债务的偿清、 股票的兑现、 诺言的履行.  2 (idm 习语) beyond/past re`demption (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) in such a poor state that there is no chance of improvement or recovery 无可救药; 不可挽回: When the third goal was scored against us, we knew the match was past redemption. 对方一射进第三个球, 我们就知道这场比赛算是输定了. * Joan's career with the firm is really beyond redemption. 琼在该公司的工作确实没有回旋余地了. 
redemptive 
/ rI5demptIv; rI`dZmptIv/ adj (fml 文) of redemption; serving to redeem （用以）赎回的, 补救的, 偿还的.
redeploy
/ 9ri:dI5plRI; 9ridI`plRI/ v [Tn] give new positionsor tasks to (sb) 给予（某人）新的职位或任务; 重新调派: redeploy troops, workers, scientists, etc 调动部队、 工作人员、 科学家等 * redeploy teachers into industry 把教师调入工业部门.
redeployment 
n [U] redeploying 调动; 调配; 重新部署: the redeployment of staff, labour, manpower, etc 工作人员、 劳动力、 人力等的调配.
redevelop
/ 9ri:dI5velEp; 9ridI`vZlEp/ v [Tn] replan or rebuild (an area of land or building(s)) in a different way 重新规划或重新建设（某一地区或建筑物）; 改造: redevelop a city centre, housing estate, slum area, etc, eg modernize them, improve conditions, etc 改造市中心、 住宅区、 贫民区等.
redevelopment 
n [U] redeveloping or being redeveloped 重新规划; 重新建设; 改造: an area ripe for redevelopment 条件成熟即可重建的地方.
rediffusion
/ 9ri:dI5fju:Vn; 9ridI`fjuVEn/ n [U] (esp Brit) relaying of broadcast radio or TV programmes esp bywire from a central receiver to public places (eg cinemas,etc) （无线电广播或电视节目的）转播（尤指向电影院等公共场所的有线转播）.
redirect
/ 9ri:dI5rekt; 9ridE`rZkt/ v = readdress.
redistribute
/ 9ri:dI5strIbju:t; 9ridIs`trIbjut/ v [Tn] give(sth) out in a different way 重新分配（某事物）: redistributejobs, power, land 重新分配工作、 权力、 土地. 
redistribution 
/ 9ri:dIstrI5bju:Fn; 9ridIstrE`bjuFEn/ n [U]: the redistribution of wealth, labour, resources, etc 财富、 劳力、 资源等的重新分配.
redo
/ 9ri:5du:; ri`du/ v (pt redid / -5dId; -`dId/, pp redone / -5dQn; -`dQn/) [Tn]  1 do (sth) again 再做或重做（某事物）.  2 (infml 口) redecorate (a room, building, etc); repair 重新装饰（房间、 建筑物等）; 修理: have the kitchen redone, ie wallpapered, painted, etc 重新装修厨房（贴壁纸、 粉刷等） * The roof needs redoing, eg retiling. 屋顶需要修理（如重新铺瓦）.
redolent
/ 5redElEnt; `rZdlEnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of/with sth (fml 文)   1 smelling strongly of sth 有强烈气味: have breath redolent of garlic, whisky, tobacco 口中有强烈的大蒜、 威士忌、 烟草气味 * a room redolent of roses 弥漫著玫瑰花香的房间.  2 (fig 比喻) strongly suggestive or reminiscent of sth 使人联想或回想起某事物的: a town redolent of the past 使人对往事触景生情的小城. 
redolence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U].
redouble
/ 9ri:5dQbl; ri`dQbl/ v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become greater, stronger, more intense, etc （使某事物）变得更大、 更强、 再加倍: Her zeal redoubled. 她热情倍增. * We must redouble our efforts. 我们应该加倍努力.  2 (in the card-game of bridge) double again (a bid already doubled by an opponent) （桥牌中）将（对方已加倍的叫牌）再加倍.
redoubt
/ rI5daUt; rI`daJt/ n (a) last defensive position within a system of fortifications （防御系统中的）最後阵地. (b) isolated fortified outpost 孤立的前哨站.
redoubtable
/ rI5daUtEbl; rI`daJtEbl/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) to be feared and respected; formidable 令人敬畏的; 可怕的: a redoubtable opponent, fighter 令人敬畏的对手、 战士.
redound
/ rI5daUnd; rI`daJnd/ v (phr v) redound on sb/sth (fml 文) come back on sb/sth; rebound or recoil on sb/sth 返回或报应到某人[某事物]上: Your practical jokes will redound on you/your own head one day. 你那些恶作剧总有一天会使你自食其果. redound to sth (fml 文) contribute greatly to (one's/sb's reputation, etc); promote sth 提高（自己的[某人的]声誉等）; 促进某事物: Her hard work redounds to her credit/to the honour of the school. 她工作努力从而提高了自己的声誉[为学校增添了荣誉]. * This course of action will redound to our advantage. 这种做法对我们很有好处.
redress
/ rI5dres; rI`drZs/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) put right (a wrong); compensate for (sth) 纠正（过错）; 补偿（某事物）: redress an injustice, an abuse, etc 纠正不公的现象、 弊端等 * redress a grievance 申冤 * redress the damage done 赔偿损失.  2 (idm 习语) redress the `balance make things equal again 使各事物重新相等或均衡: The team has more men than women so we must redress the balance, ie include more women in it. 这个队男的多女的少, 所以我们得平衡一下（招收女队员）.
redress 
n [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) redressing or being redressed; thing that redresses 纠正; 补偿; 有改正或补偿作用的事物: seek legal redress for unfair dismissal 对不合理的解雇一事提起诉讼以求匡正 * Under the circumstances, you have no redress, ie You cannot demand compensation. 在此情况下, 你不能索赔.
reduce
/ rI5dju:s; ?@ -5du:s; rI`dus/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (to/by sb) make sth smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc 缩减（体积、 数量、 程度、 价格等）; 减小; 减少; 减低; 降低: reduce volume, quantity, pressure, speed 缩小体积、 减少数量、 降低压力、 减低速度 * increase profits by reducing costs 降低成本以增加利润 * reduce one's weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos 把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤[减少6公斤] * Antibiotics will reduce the swelling. 使用抗菌素能消肿. * This shirt was greatly/drastically reduced in the sale. 这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多.  2 [I] (infml 口 esp US) lose weight intentionally; diet （有意识地）减轻体重; 节食.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) to sth make sb lower in rank or status; demote sb 降低某人的级别或地位; 降职: reduce a sergeant to the ranks, ie make him an ordinary soldier 把一名中士降为士兵 * The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) to sth bring sb/sth into a specified (usu worse) state or condition 使某人[某事物]陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中: be reduced to begging, borrowing 沦落到得要饭、 借债 * reduce sb to tears, silence, despair, obedience 使某人流泪、 沉默、 绝望、 顺从 * reduce the chaos in one's office to some form of order 改变办公室的混乱状况, 使之有些条理 * Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck. 他过度劳累而损害了健康. * The fire reduced the house to ashes. 这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬.  5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth change sth to a more general or basic form 将 某事物概括或简化成某种形式: reduce an equation, argument, issue to its simplest form 把某方程式、 论据、 问题化为最简单形式 * reduce a problem to two main issues 把某问题归纳成两个要点.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (chemistry 化) remove oxygen from or add hydrogen or electrons to (a compound) 将（化合物）还原: reduce water (ie to hydrogen) by electrolysis 用电解法把水还原（为氢） * reduce a compound to its constituentelements 将一化合物还原为构成该化合物的元素. Cf 参看 oxidize (oxide).
reducible 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj ~ (to sth) that can be reduced 可缩减的; 可降低的; 可化简的; 可还原的.
reductio ad absurdum
/ rI9dQktIEU d Eb5s\:dEm; rI`dQktIo9AdEb`s[dEm/ (Latin 拉) method of disproving a proposition by showing that, if interpreted literally and precisely, it would lead to an absurd result 归谬法; 反证法.
reduction
/ rI5dQkFn; rI`dQkFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] reducing or being reduced 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: the reduction of tax 税金的减少 * reduction of an argument to its essentials 将论据归纳成为一些要点. (b) [C] instance of reducing 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: a reduction in size, weight, etc 体积的缩小、 重量的减少 * a price reduction 价格的降低. (c) [C] amount by which sth is reduced, esp in price 缩减之量; （尤指）减去的价钱: sell sth at a huge reduction 大幅度降价出售某物 * make/offer reductions on certain articles 对某些商品减价.  2 [C] copy of a map, picture, etc made by reducing the size of the original （地图、 图片等的）缩版, 缩图. Cf 参看 enlargement (enlarge).
redundant
/ rI5dQndEnt; rI`dQndEnt/ adj  1 (usu of language or art) not needed; superfluous; unnecessary （通常指语言或艺术）不必要的, 冗赘的, 多余的: a paragraph without a redundant word 无一冗词的一段文字 * The illustration had too much redundant detail. 解说中不必要的细节太多.  2 (esp Brit) (of industrial workers) no longer needed for any available job and therefore dismissed （指工人）（因人员过剩）被解雇的, 失业的: become/be made/find oneself redundant 成为冗员而被裁 * the plight of redundant miners 被裁减的矿工的困境 * Fifty welders were declared redundant. 已公布削减五十名焊工.
redundancy 
/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ n  1 [U] (a) state of being redundant(2) 人浮於事; 裁员; 成为冗员被裁: a high level of redundancy among unskilled workers 非熟练工人的大量裁减 * [attrib 作定语] redundancy pay, money, etc, ie given to sb made redundant 遣散费（给予被裁减人员的）. (b) material that is redundant(1) （通常指语言或艺术）多余的材料: express oneself without redundancy 精练地表达意思.  2 [C] worker made redundant(2) 遭裁减的工人: Two hundred redundancies were announced in the shipyards. 造船厂公布削减二百名工人.
redundantly 
adv.
reduplicate
/ rI5dju:plIkeIt; rI`duplE9ket/ v [Tn] (fml 文) repeat (esp a word or syllable), as in bye-bye; double 重复（尤指词或音节）（如bye-bye）; 使加倍. 
reduplication 
/ rI9dju:plI5keIFn; ?@ -9du:-; rI9duplE`keFEn/ n [U].
reed
/ ri:d; rid/ n  1 (a) [C] (tall hollow stem of) any of various types of grass-like plants growing near water 芦苇（秆）. (b) [U] mass of such plants growing together 芦苇丛.  2 [C] strip of metal or cane that vibrates to produce sound in eg an oboe, a bassoon, or a clarinet 簧片（如双簧管、 低音管、 单簧管中的）: [attrib 作定语] reed instruments 簧乐器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.  3 (idm 习语) a broken reed => broken2.
reediness 
n [U] state of being reedy(2) （声音的）尖利刺耳: an unpleasant reediness of tone 声调的刺耳尖利.
reedy 
adj (-ier, iest)  1 having many reeds (reed 1) 多芦苇的; 芦苇丛生的.  2 (derog 贬) (of voices, sounds) high and scratchy instead of full and clear （指嗓音、 声响）尖利刺耳的: a thin, reedy tenor 音色尖细刺耳的男高音.
reef
/ ri:f; rif/ n part of the top or bottom of a sail that can be rolled or folded to reduce the area exposed to the wind 缩帆部, 叠帆部（帆的顶部或底部可卷起或摺起的部分）.
reef 
v [Tn] reduce the area of (a sail) by drawing in a reef or reefs 卷起或摺起（缩帆部）.
reef-knot (US square-knot) 
n type of symmetrical double-knot that will not slip or come undone easily 平结, 方结（对称的双结, 不容易滑脱或松开）.
reef
/ ri:f; rif/ n ridge of rock, shingle, sand, etc at or near the surface of the sea 礁; 礁脉: The ship was wrecked on a coral reef. 那艘船触珊瑚礁失事.
reefer
/ 5ri:fE(r); `rifL/ n  1 (also reefer-jacket) close-fitting thick double-breasted jacket 厚布制的双排钮上衣.  2 (sl 俚) hand-rolled cigarette containing marijuana 手卷的大麻烟.
reek
/ ri:k; rik/ n [sing]  1 (derog 贬) strong bad smell 浓烈的臭味: the reek of stale tobacco (smoke) 发霉烟草的臭（烟）味.  2 (Scot 苏格兰) thick smoke, usu from fires or chimneys 浓烟（通常指燃烧产生的或烟囱中喷发的）.
reek 
v  1 [Ipr] ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) (a) smell unpleasantly of sth 发出难闻气味: His breath reeked of tobacco. 他口中带有烟草的臭味. * The room reeked of cheap perfume. 房间里弥漫著劣质香水的呛鼻气味. (b) (fig 比喻) strongly suggest sth unpleasant or suspicious 明显带有令人不快的或令人生疑的特质: Their actions reek of corruption. 他们的举动显然有贪污之嫌.  2 [I, Tn] (Scot 苏格兰) (usu of fires or chimneys) give out (thick smoke) （通常指火或烟囱）冒出（浓烟）.
reel
/ ri:l; ril/ n (US spool)  1 cylinder, roller or similarly shaped object on which thread, wire, fishing line, photographic film, magnetic tape, etc is wound （线绳、 金属丝、 钓丝、 摄影胶片、 磁带等的）卷轴, 卷筒, 卷盘: a cotton reel 绵线轴 * a cable reel 电缆卷轴.  2 quantity of thread, etc wound on such a cylinder, roller, etc 一卷轴、 卷筒、 卷盘等的量: a six-reel film 一部有六盘胶片的电影.
reel 
v  1 [Tn.p] ~ sth in/out wind (sth) on or off a reel; pull (sth) in by using a reel 在卷轴等上缠绕（某物）; 从卷轴等上抽出（某物）; 用卷轴等拉拽（某物）: reel the line, the hosepipe, etc out 从卷轴上放出线绳、 水龙带等 * The angler reeled the trout in slowly. 钓鱼的人慢慢地收绕钓丝钓起鳟鱼.  2 (phr v) reel sth off say or repeat sth rapidly without pause or apparent effort 一口气说或重复某事: reel off a poem, list of names, set of instructions 一口气背出一首诗、 说出许多名字、 发出一系列指令.
reel
/ ri:l; ril/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move unsteadily or sway; stagger 摇摇晃晃地移动; 摇摆; 蹒跚: reel drunkenly down the road 醉得东倒西歪沿路走去 * She reeled (back) from the force of the blow. 她受此一击（向後）打了个趔趄. * I reeled round in a daze. 我头昏眼花走不稳.  2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) (of the mind or head) be or become dizzy or confused; be in a whirl （指心智或头脑）眩晕, 迷乱, 发昏: The very idea sets my head reeling. 就是那念头把我弄得头昏脑胀. * His mind reeled when he heard the news/at the news. 他听到那消息後感到头发蒙. * be reeling from/with/under the shock 吓得晕头转向 * (fig 比喻) The street reeled (ie seemed to go round and round) before her eyes. 她感到街道在眼前打旋.
reeve
/ ri:v; riv/ n  1 (Brit) (a) (formerly) chief magistrate of a town or district （旧时）市镇或区的司法官. Cf 参看 sheriff 1. (b) (in medieval times) steward of a manor （中世纪时期）庄园的管家.  2 (in Canada) elected head of a village or town council （加拿大）乡镇议会的议长.
ref
/ ref; rZf/ n (infml 口) = referee 1.
ref
/ ref; rZf/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) reference: ref no 369 函件编号 369 * our ref 14A; your ref 392, eg at the top of a business letter 我方编号:14A; 你方编号: 392（如商务信件页首所注）.
reface
/ 9ri:5feIs; ri`fes/ v [Tn] put a new surface on (a wall, building, etc) 装修（墙壁、 建筑物等的）外表.
refectory
/ rI5fektrI or, rarely, 罕读作 5refIktrI; rI`fZktErI/ n dining-hall in a monastery, convent, college, school, etc （修道院、 学校等的）食堂, 餐厅.
refer
/ rI5f\:(r); rI`f[/ v (-rr-)  1 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (a) mention or speak of sb/sth; allude to sb/sth 提到、 说到或涉及到某人[某事物]: When I said some people are stupid, I wasn't referring to you. 我说有些人很愚蠢, 并不是指你. * Don't refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了. * This incident in his childhood is never again referred to. 他小时候的这件事永远不再提了. (b) be relevant to sb/sth; concern sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 关系到某人[某事物]: What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要说的事和你们大家都有关.  2 [Ipr] ~ to sth/sb turn to sth/sb for information, etc 向某事物[某人]查询信息等: refer to a dictionary, an expert 查词典、 询问专家 * I referred to my watch for the exact time. 我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间. * The speaker often referred to his notes. 那个讲演的人不时地看发言稿.  3 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice, action, etc 将某人[某事物]送交某人[某事物]以谋求帮助、 指点、 行动支持等: refer a patient to a specialist for treatment 把病人交给专科医生治疗 * The dispute was referred to the United Nations/to arbitration. 该项争端已提交联合国处理[予以仲裁]. * I was referred to the manager/the enquiry office. 人家叫我去找经理[去问讯处]. * The reader is referred to page 3. 请读者参看第3页.  4 (phr v) refer sth back (to sb) return (a document, etc) to the sender for further clarification 将（文件等）退给送件人予以澄清: The letter was referred back (to us) with a query. 该函已退给（我方）要求对某问题加以解释.
referable 
/ rI5f\:rEbl; rI`f[Ebl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) that can be referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 可送交某人[某事物]的.
referral 
/ rI5f\:rEl; rI`f[El/ n  1 [U] referring (refer 3) or being referred to sb/sth 送交: the referral of such cases to a doctor 将此类病人转给某医生诊治.  2 [C] person or thing referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 送交给某人[某事物]的人或事物: several referrals from the clinic 从诊所转来的几个病人.
referee
/ 9refE5ri:; 9rZfE`ri/ n  1 (also infml 口语作 ref) (in football, boxing, etc) official who controls matches, prevents rules being broken, etc （足球、 拳击等的）裁判员. =>illus at hockey 见 hockey 插图. Cf 参看 umpire.  2 person to whom disputes, eg between employers and employees, are referred for decision （争端, 如劳资纠纷的）仲裁者, 调解者, 公断者.  3 (Brit) person willing to make a statement about the character or ability of sb applying for a job （愿为求职者提供证明的）证明人, 介绍人, 推荐人: The head teacher often acts as (a) referee for his pupils. 这位校长常为求职学生做证明人.
referee 
v [I, Tn] act as a referee(1) in (sth) 当裁判: Who refereed (the match)? 谁当（这场比赛的）裁判?
reference
/ 5refErEns; `rZfErEns/ n  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) [U] act of referring (refer 1a) to sb/sth 提到; 说到; 涉及: Avoid (making) any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病. * The original text is here for ease of reference. 谨附原文以便查考. (b) [C] statement, etc speaking of or mentioning sb/sth; allusion 说到或提到某人[某事物]的言语或文字等; 暗示: He made pointed (ie obvious) references to the recent scandal. 他有针对性地提到最近的丑闻. * The book is full of references to places I know. 这本书里提到许多我熟悉的地方.  2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) note, etc telling a reader in what other book, article, etc information may be found; book, passage, etc referred to in this way or as an authority （向读者指示参考书、 文章等的）附注, 旁注; （做此种用途的）书, 章节: a thesis crowded with references to other sources 有旁徵博引附注的论文 * check your references 要核对引证的资料 * cite Green 1986 as a reference 引用1986年格林的论述作参考资料.  3 [C] (abbr 缩写 ref) (commerce 商) (on letters, etc) means of identification （书信等的）编号: Please quote our reference when replying. 回信时请注明我方函件编号.  4 [C] (person willing to make a) statement about a person's character or abilities （有关某人品格或能力的）证明文书, 介绍信; 证明人: quote sb/sb's name as a reference 提出某人[某人的名字]做可咨询的证明人 * provide a reference for sb 为某人出具证明 * supply sb with a reference 向某人提供愿做证明的人 * She has excellent references from former employers. 她持有以前的雇主写的很好的证明书. * a banker's reference, ie a note from one's bank saying that one's financial position is sound 银行证明（证明某人财务状况良好）. Cf 参看 testimonial 1.  5 (idm 习语) bear/have some/no reference to sth (not) be connected with sth 与某事物有关[无关]: This has no reference to what we were discussing. 这与我们讨论的问题无关. a frame of reference => frame1. in/with reference to sb/sth (esp commerce 尤用於商业) about or concerning sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]: I am writing with reference to your job application. 敬覆者, 关於您申请工作一事. Cf 参看 terms of reference (term). without reference to sb/sth not taking account of sb/sth 不考虑某人[某事物]; 置某人[某事物]於不顾: She issued all these invitations without any reference to her superiors. 她未请示上级擅自把所有这些请柬都发了出去.
reference book 
book, eg an encyclopedia or a dictionary, which is consulted for information, not read right through 参考书, 工具书（如百科全书或词典）.
reference library (also `reference room) 
library or room having books that may be consulted on the premises, but not borrowed 参考书阅览室（藏书仅供室内参阅, 不外借）.
reference marks 
marks, eg *, , , , used to direct the reader to eg a footnote, where information may be found 参照符号（如*、 、 、 , 用以指示读者参看脚注等）.
referendum
/ 9refE5rendEm; 9rZfE`rZndEm/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] referring of a political issue to a general vote by all the people of a country for a decision; vote thus taken 全民投票（以表决某政治问题）; 全民投的票: hold a referendum on ending conscription 就结束徵兵问题举行全民投票 * settle a national issue by referendum 以全民投票来解决一项国家大事. Cf 参看 plebiscite.
refill
/ 9ri:5fIl; ri`fIl/ v [Tn] fill again 再装满; 再充满: refill a glass, (petrol) tank, (cigarette) lighter, etc 把玻璃杯、 汽油箱、 打火机等重新灌满.
refill 
/ 5ri:fIl; `ri9fIl/ n new material used to refill a container; container thus refilled 用以重新装入一容器的新添材料; 重新装入新添材料的容器: (infml 口) Would you like a refill (ie another glass of beer, wine, etc)? 您还要再添一杯吗? * two refills for a cartridge pen 两支替换笔芯.
refine
/ rI5faIn; rI`faIn/ v [Tn]  1 remove impurities from (sth); purify 从（某物）中除去杂质; 精制; 精炼; 提纯: refine sugar, oil, ore, etc 制糖、 炼油、 提炼矿石 * refining processes 提炼过程.  2 improve (sth) by removing defects and attending to detail （去粗取精、 一丝不苟）改良（某事物）: refine one's working methods 改进自己的工作方法 * refine earlier systems, designs, theories 改良原先的制度、 设计、 理论.  3 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) more cultured or elegant; remove what is coarse or vulgar from 使（某人[某事物]）更有教养或更文雅; 使去掉粗俗言行: refine one's manners, taste, language 使举止更优雅、 趣味更高雅、 语言更文雅.
refined 
adj  1 cultured or elegant; free from what is coarse or vulgar 有教养的; 文雅的; 不粗俗的: Her tastes are very refined. 她的趣味十分高雅.  2 freed from impurities 纯净的; 精炼的: refined sugar, oil, etc 精制的糖、 精炼的油.
refiner 
n person, firm or machine that refines (refine 1)做精炼加工的人、 企业或机器: sugar refiners 精糖制造者.
refinery 
/ -nErI; -nErI/ n factory, etc where sth is refined 精炼加工厂: a `sugar refinery 制糖厂 * an `oil refinery 炼油厂.
refinement
/ rI5faInmEnt; rI`faInmEnt/ n  1 [U] refining or being refined 精炼; 精制; 提纯: the refinement of oil, sugar, etc 油、 糖等的精炼 * the gradual refinement of her taste in music 她音乐修养的逐步提高.  2 [U] culture or elegance of manners, taste, language, etc （仪态、 趣味、 语言等的）高雅, 文雅: a person of great refinement 温文尔雅的人 * lack of refinement 缺乏教养.  3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (a) clever development of eg machinery, technique; improvement （机器、 技术等的）精巧的改进; 改良: all the refinements of 20th-century technology 20世纪技术上的一切进步 * The oven has an automatic timer and other refinements. 这个烤箱有自动定时器及其他改进装置. * make further refinements to our original model 对我们最初的型号作进一步的改进. (b) subtle or ingenious development of eg thought, behaviour 精妙, 精细（思想、 行为的）: refinements of meaning, cruelty 意义的精细入微、 残酷之极.
refit
/ 5ri:fIt; `ri9fIt/ n repair or renewal of parts (of a ship, etc) （船等的）修理或更换零部件: The liner is in dock for a refit. 班轮正在船坞修理.
refit 
/ 9ri:5fIt; ri`fIt/ v (-tt-) (a) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) give a refit to (a ship, etc) 修理（船等）或更换其零部件: The ferry was refitted as a troop-ship and joined the fleet. 那艘渡轮已改装为运兵船编入舰队. (b) [I] (of a ship, etc) be given a refit （指船等）被修理或更换零部件: put into port to refit 进港修理.
reflate
/ 9ri:5fleIt; ri`flet/ v [I, Tn] increase the amount of money and credit circulating in (an economy) to restore the system (after a period of deflation) to its previous condition （增加流通货币及贷款）使经济（在通货紧缩後）复苏. Cf 参看 deflate 2, inflate 3.
reflation 
/ ri:5fleIFn; ri`fleFEn/ n [U] reflating or being reflated 放宽银根使经济复苏. 
reflationary
/ ri:5fleIFnrI; US -nerI; ri`fleFE9nZrI/ adj: adopt reflationary policies, measures, etc 采取增加流通货币使经济复苏的政策、 措施等.
reflect
/ rI5flekt; rI`flZkt/ v  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (in sth) (of a mirror, etc) make a visible image of sb/sth （指镜子等）映出某人[某物]的影像: trees reflected in a window/lake 窗上[湖中]映出的树影 * He looked at his face reflected in the mirror. 他照镜子看看脸. (b) ~ sth (from sth) (of a surface) throw back (light, heat, sound) （指物体表面）反射（光、 热、 声）: The heat reflected from the white sand formed a mirage. 热气经白色的沙面反射形成了蜃景. * The moon shines with reflected light. 月球是藉反射阳光而发光的.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) show the nature of or express (sth); correspond to 表现（某事物）的性质; 表达（某事物）; 符合: Her sad looks reflected the nature of her thoughts. 她面带忧伤显出心事重重. * The literature of a period reflects its values and tastes. 某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观念和审美观念. * Increased sales were reflected in higher profits. 销售量的增加带来了更大的利润.  3 [I, Ipr, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (on/upon sth) think deeply about, or remind oneself of, past events; consider 沉思或思忆（往事）; 思考: I need time to reflect (on your offer/on what you offered). 我需要时间来考虑（你的建议[你提出的建议]）. * She reflected that his argument was probably true. 她心想他的理由也可能对. * How distant those times seemed now, he reflected. 他在想那些日子现在已显得多麽遥远.  4 (idm 习语) reflect (well, badly, etc) on sb/sth show or suggest that sb/sth is sound, unsound, etc 表明或显出某人[某事物]健全、 不健全等: This scandal will reflect badly on the Party as a whole. 这件丑闻可以说明这个党在整体上不健康. reflect credit, discredit, etc on sb/sth (of actions, results, etc) bring honour, dishonour, etc to sb/sth （指行为、 结果等）给某人[某事物]带来光荣、 耻辱等: These excellent results reflect great credit on all our staff. 这些优异的成绩给我们全体工作人员带来了莫大的光荣. * Stealing reflects dishonour on your family. 偷窃行为会使家人蒙羞.
reflection (Brit also reflexion) 
/ rI5flekFn; rI`flZkFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] reflecting or being reflected 反映; 反射; 表现; 沉思: heat transmitted by reflection 由反射传导的热. (b) [C] thing reflected, esp an image in a mirror, still water, etc 被反映或反射之物; （尤指镜中、 静水等中的）映像: see one's reflection in a polished table-top 在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像 * the reflection of the trees in the lake 湖面映出的树的倒影 * (fig 比喻) be a pale reflection of one's former self, eg after an illness 与自己以前相比, 面容憔悴（如病後）.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) thing reflecting the nature of eg a person, task, etc 可反映人、 任务等的本质的事物: Your clothes are a reflection of your personality.一个人的衣著可反映出其个性.  3 (a) [U] thought or memory of past events; consideration 沉思; 回忆; 思考: lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 * act without sufficient reflection 未经深思即采取行动 * A moment's reflection will show you are wrong. 只要略加考虑就可看出你错了. (b) [C] ~ (on sth) (often pl 常作复数) (spoken or written expression of an) idea arising from this 经沉思而产生的想法（表达出的语言或文字）: idle reflections on the past 回忆往事的遐想 * publish one's reflections on sexism 发表对性别歧视的看法.  4 (idm 习语) be a (bad/poor/adverse) reflection on sb/sth harm the good reputation of sb/sth; imply blame or criticism of sb/sth 损害某人[某事物]的名声; 暗含责难或批评: Your remarks are a reflection on me/my character. 你的话是对我[我的人格]的污辱. * This mess is a (poor) reflection on her competence. 这种混乱情况说明她难当此任. on reflection after reconsidering (sth) 再经考虑: On further reflection, I saw that she might be right, after all. 我再一考虑, 反倒觉得可能还是她对. * She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer. 她重新考虑後, 决定接受那个建议.
reflective
/ rI5flektIv; rI`flZktIv/ adj  1 (of a person, mood, etc) thoughtful （指人、 心情等）思考的, 沉思的: in a reflective frame of mind 在沉思中.  2 (of a surface, etc) reflecting (esp light) （指物体表面等）反射的, 反映的; （尤指）反光的: reflective number plates, eg on cars 反光的号码牌（如汽车上的）. 
reflectively 
adv: answer, comment, etc reflectively 经过思考而答覆、 评论等.
reflector
/ rI5flektE(r); rI`flZktL/ n  1 thing that reflects heat, light or sound 反射热、 光或声音的东西; 反射器; 反射物.  2 red disc fitted to the back of a vehicle; disc or strip fitted to cycle wheels, etc making them visible in the dark by reflecting the lights of other vehicles 机动车辆尾部的红色反光器; 自行车轮等上的圆形或条形反光镜. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.
reflex
/ 5ri:fleks; `riflZks/ n (also `reflex action) involuntary action (eg sneezing or shivering) made instinctively in response to a stimulus 反射作用（受刺激後的本能反应, 如打喷嚏或发抖）: Sorry I hit you; it was a pure reflex. 对不起我撞著你了; 这完全是无意的. * have quick, slow, normal, etc reflexes 产生迅速的、 缓慢的、 正常的...反射动作 * test/control one's reflexes 测验[控制]自己的反射动作 * [attrib 作定语] a reflex movement, response, etc, ie one arising from a reflex 反射运动、 反射性反应.
reflex angle 
angle of more than 180 优角（大於 180 的角）.
reflex camera 
camera in which the object or scene to be photographed is reflected by a mirror, and focused on a large viewfinder for adjustment up to the moment of exposure 反射式照相机.
reflexion
(Brit) = reflection.
reflexive
/ rI5fleksIv; rI`flZksIv/ n, adj (grammar) (word or form) showing that the action of the verb is performed on its subject 反身的（词或形式）（表示动词的动作及於施动者）: a reflexive verb, pronoun, eg as in `He `cut himself.' 反身动词、 代词（如 He cut himself）.
reflexive
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The reflexive verb is usually stressed. For emphasis, the syllable -self/-selves of the reflexive pronoun may be stressed. 反身动词通常须重读. 为加强语气, 反身代词中的 -self/-selves 这个音节可以重读.
refloat
/ 9ri:5flEUt; ri`flot/ v [I, Tn] (cause a ship, etc to) float again after sinking, running aground, etc （使船只等）（沉没、 搁浅等之後）再浮起.
reforest
(US) = reafforest.
reform
/ rI5fR:m; rI`fRrm/ v [I, Tn] become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors, etc 变好; 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: There are signs that he's reforming. 有迹象表明他在变好. * reform one's ways, habits 改变作风、 习惯 * reform an unfair salary structure 改革不合理的工资结构 * He's given up drink and is now a reformed character. 他戒了酒, 现已判若两人.
reform 
n  1 [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: agitate for, bring about, effect social reform 鼓吹、 带来、 实行社会改革 * the reform of teaching methods 教学法的改进 * [attrib 作定语] reform laws, bills, measures, etc 改革法律、 法案、 措施等.  2 [C] change that removes or puts right faults, errors, etc （缺点等的）克服; （错误等的）改正, 纠正: make, carry out reforms in education 进行、 实行教育改革.
reformer 
n person who brings about or advocates reform 改进者; 改革者; 改造者: a social, political, religious reformer 社会的、 政治的、 宗教的改革者.
reformation
/ 9refE5meIFn; 9rZfL`meFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: the reformation of criminals 对罪犯的改造. (b) [C] great change for the better in social, religious or political affairs （社会、 宗教或政治事务的）改革，改良, 变革: a reformation in state education 国家教育事业的改革.  2 the Reformation [sing] 16th-century European movement for reform of the Roman CatholicChurch, which resulted in the establishment of Reformedor Protestant Churches 宗教改革（16世纪欧洲改革天主教会的运动, 产生了新教）.
reformatory
/ rI5fR:mEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`fRrmE9tRrI/ n (US) place where young offenders are sent to be trained and reformed （失足少年的）管教所, 教养所. Cf 参看 approved school (approve), Borstal.
reformatory 
adj (fml 文) tending or intended to produce reform （为）改善的, 改革的, 改造的.
refract
/ rI5frAkt; rI`frAkt/ v [Tn] bend (a ray of light) where it enters eg water or glass at an oblique angle from a medium of different density 使（光线）折射: Light is refracted when passed through a prism. 光线经过棱镜时产生折射现象.
refraction 
/ rI5frAkFn; rI`frAkFEn/ n [U] refracting or being refracted 折射（现象）. =>illus at spectrum 见 spectrum 插图.
refractory
/ rI5frAktErI; rI`frAktErI/ adj  1 (fml 文) difficult to control or discipline; wilful or unmanageable 难控制的; 不听管教的; 任性的; 难管理的: a very refractory child 很不听话的孩子.  2 (of a disease, etc) not yielding to treatment （指疾病等）难治的.  3 (of substances, metals, etc) difficult to fuse or work; resistant to heat （指物质、 金属等）难熔的; 难处理的; 耐热的: refractory brick, eg in furnace linings 耐火砖.
refrain
/ rI5freIn; rI`fren/ n  1 lines of a song or poem which are repeated, esp at the end of each verse （歌曲或诗歌的）叠句; （尤指每节末的）反复部分, 副歌: Will you all join in singing the refrain, please? 请大家一道来唱副歌好吗?  2 tune accompanying this 副歌曲调: a haunting refrain 萦绕於心头的副歌曲调 * (fig 比喻) the familiar refrain of her husband's snoring 她丈夫的习惯的鼾声.
refrain
/ rI5freIn; rI`fren/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) keep oneself from doing sth 克制; 抑制: refrain from comment, criticism, etc 避免评论、 批评等 * refrain from smoking 克制而不吸烟 * Let's hope they will refrain (from hostile action). 希望他们能克制（不采取敌对行动）.
refresh
/ rI5freF; rI`frZF/ v [Tn]  1 give new strength or vigour to (sb/sth); restore or revive 给（某人[某事物]）新的力量或活力; 使恢复; 使振作: refresh oneself with a cup of tea/a hot bath 喝杯茶[洗个热水澡]以提神 * She felt refreshed after her sleep. 她睡了一觉就精神了.  2 (idm 习语) refresh one's/sb's memory (about sb/sth) remind oneself/sb of facts by referring to notes, etc （藉助笔记等）使自己[某人]想起: Just refresh my memory: were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: 你是在约克郡出生的吧?
refreshing 
adj  1 giving new strength or vigour; restoring or reviving 给人以新的力量或活力的; 提神的; 使人重新振作的: a refreshing bath, sleep, cup of tea 使人恢复精力的一个澡、 一觉、 一杯茶 * This breeze is very refreshing. 这微风使人心旷神怡.  2 (fig 比喻) welcome and interesting because unusual or novel （因少见或新奇）令人欣喜闻, 使人耳目一新的: a refreshing sense of humour 别具一格的幽默感 * a new and refreshing approach to a problem 对某问题别辟蹊径的处理方法 * The holiday was a refreshing change for us. 这次假日别开生面, 我们都感到新奇. refreshingly adv: refreshingly honest, original, different 极其老实的、 新颖的、 不同的.
refresher course 
course of instruction for egteachers to learn about new techniques and developmentsin their field 进修课程（如为教师等设的业务知识更新课）.
refreshment
/ rI5freFmEnt; rI`frZFmEnt/ n  1 [U] refreshing or being refreshed （精力的）恢复; （身心的）爽快.  2 (a) [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) food and drink 食物和饮料: partake of some refreshment 吃些东西 * [attrib 作定语] a refreshment room, eg at a railway station where food and drink are sold 小吃部（如火车站等处的）. (b) refreshments [pl] snacks 小吃; 点心: Light refreshments (eg ice-cream, crisps, chocolate) are available during the interval. 中间休息时有些点心（如冰激凌、 炸土豆片、 巧克力）.
refrigerate
/ rI5frIdVEreIt; rI`frIdVE9ret/ v [Tn] make (food, etc) cold in order to freeze or preserve it 冷冻, 冷藏（食物等）: keep meat, milk, etc refrigerated 冷藏肉、 牛奶等.
refrigerant 
/ -rEnt; -rEnt/ n substance that refrigerates, eg liquid carbon dioxide 致冷剂（如液态二氧化碳）; 冷冻剂.
refrigeration 
/ rI9frIdVE5reIFn; rI9frIdVE`reFEn/ n [U] (of food, etc) refrigerating or being refrigerated, in order to freeze or preserve （指食物等）冷冻, 冷藏: Keep perishable foods under refrigeration. 把容易变质的食物冷藏起来. * [attrib 作定语] the refrigeration industry 制冷工业.
refrigerator 
/ rI5frIdVEreItE(r); rI`frIdVE9retL/ n (also esp US ice-box, infml 口语作 fridge / frIdV; frIdV/) cabinet or room in which food is kept cold 冰箱; 冷藏室; 冷藏库. Cf 参看 freezer.
refuel
/ 9ri:5fju:El; ri`fjuEl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] (cause a car, plane, etc to) be filled up with fuel （给汽车、 飞机等）加燃料: stop, land, dock, etc for refuelling 停车、 著陆、 靠码头等以便加燃料.
refuge
/ 5refju:dV; `rZfjudV/ n   1 [C, U] ~ (from sb/sth) (place giving) shelter or protection from danger, trouble, pursuit, etc 避难（处）; 庇护（所）: a place of refuge 避难处 * seek refuge from the storm 躲避暴风雨 * take refuge in the cellar 在地下室里避难 * a refuge (eg a safe house) for battered wives, alcoholics, etc 遭受殴打的 妻子、 酗酒者等的藏身处 * (fig 比喻) For her, poetry is a refuge from the world. 她把诗歌当作逃避现实的慰藉物.  2 [C] (Brit) = traffic island (traffic).
refugee
/ 9refjU5dVi: ?@ 5refjUdVI:; `rZfjJ9dVi/ n person who has been forced to leave his country, home, etc and seek refuge, esp from political or religious persecution 难民, 避难者, 流亡者（尤指因遭政治上或宗教上的迫害）: [attrib 作定语] set up ,refugee camps 建立难民营.
refulgent
/ rI5fQldVEnt; rI`fQldVEnt/ adj (fml 文) gloriously bright; shining 光辉的; 灿烂的; 明亮的. 
refulgence 
n [U].
refund
/ ri:5fQnd; rI`fQnd/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (to sb) pay back (money received); reimburse (expenses incurred) 退还（所收的钱）; 偿付（花去的费用）: refund a deposit 退还保证金 * Postage costs will be refunded (to you). 邮费将退还（给你）. * I'll refund you the full cost of your fare. 我来偿付你的全部旅费.
refund 
/ 5ri:fQnd; `ri9fQnd/ n [C, U] repayment; reimbursement 退款; 偿还金额: a tax, pension, etc refund 税金、 年金等的退款 * claim, obtain, pay, etc a refund 要求、 获得、 支付...退款 * He demanded a refund on the unused tickets. 他要求对未使用之票给予退款.
refundable 
adj that can be refunded 可退还的; 可偿还的: a non-refundable deposit 不予退还的保证金.
refurbish
/ 9ri:5f\:bIF; ri`f[bIF/ v [Tn] make (sth) clean or bright again; redecorate 将（某物）弄乾净; 使（某物）恢复光亮; 重新装饰: The flat will be refurbished for the new tenants. 这套房间将重新粉刷以接纳新房客.
refusal
/ rI5fju:zl; rI`fjuzl/ n  1 (a) [U] refusing or being refused 拒绝: refusal of a request, an invitation, an offer, etc 回绝一请求、 邀请、 建议等. (b) [C] act of refusing 拒绝: a blunt, flat, curt, etc refusal 乾脆的、 断然的、 粗率的...拒绝.  2 the refusal [sing] right to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others; option 优先取舍权（决定是否接受某事物的优先权）: have the refusal on a car, house, etc 对是否购买某汽车、 房子等, 有优先取舍权. Cf 参看 first refusal (first1).
refuse
/ 5refju:s; `rZfjus/ n [U] waste or worthless material; rubbish 废料; 废物; 垃圾: kitchen, garden, household, etc refuse 厨房里的、 花园里的、 家里的...垃圾 * [attrib 作定语] a refuse bag, dump, bin, etc 垃圾袋、 堆、 箱等 * refuse disposal 废料的处理.
refuse collector 
(fml 文) = dustman (dust).
refuse
/ rI5fju:z; rI`fjuz/ v [I, Tn, Tt, Dn.n] say or show that one is unwilling to give, accept, grant or do sth 拒绝; 回绝: refuse one's consent, help, permission 不同意、 不愿帮助、 不允许 * refuse a gift, an offer, an invitation 拒绝接受一礼物、 建议、 邀请 * She refused him/his proposal of marriage. 他向她求婚, 她拒绝了. * Our application for visas was refused. 我们的签证申请没有获得批准. * The car absolutely refused to start. 这辆汽车完全发动不起来. * I was refused admittance. 未准许我进去. Cf 参看 agree 1.
refute
/ rI5fju:t; rI`fjut/ v [Tn] prove (a statement, an opinion, etc or a person) to be wrong 证明（某说法、 意见等或某人）不对; 反驳; 驳斥: refute a claim, a theory, an argument 驳斥某要求、 理论、 论点 * refute an opponent 反驳对方.
refutable 
/ -Ebl, also 5refjUtEbl; -Ebl/ adj that can be refuted 可反驳的; 可驳斥的.
refutation 
/ 9refju:5teIFn; 9rZfju`teFEn/ n  1 [U] refuting or being refuted 反驳; 驳斥; 辩驳.  2 [C] argument that refutes sth; counter-argument 作辩驳用的论据; 反驳性论据.
regain
/ rI5geIn; rI`^en/ v  1 [Tn] get (sth) back again after losing it; recover 重新获得（失去之事物）; 恢复: regain consciousness 恢复知觉 * regain one's freedom, health, sight 恢复自由、 健康、 视力 * Our troops soon regained possession of the town. 我部队不久重克该镇.  2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] reach (a place or position) again 再到（某地或某位置）: regain the river bank 返回河岸 * regain one's footing/balance, eg after slipping, stumbling, etc 重新站稳[恢复平衡]（如滑了一下、 绊了一下等之後）.
regal
/ 5ri:gl; `ri^l/ adj of, like or fit for a king or queen; royal （似）帝王的; 为帝王而设的; 王室的: regal dignity, splendour, power 帝王的威严、 豪华、 权力 * (fig 比喻) The developers made a regal (ie generous) offer for the land. 地产商出高价购买该地. 
regally 
/ -gElI; -^lI/ adv.
regale
/ rI5geIl; rI`^el/ v [Tn.pr] (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) ~ sb with sth amuse or entertain sb (with stories, jokes, etc) （用故事、 笑话等）使某人快乐或喜悦: She regaled us with an account of her school-days. 她讲她上学时的往事把我们逗得不亦乐乎. (b) ~ oneself/sbon/with sth give (esp choice) food and drink to oneself/sb 以（尤指上等的）食物和饮料供自己[某人]享用: regale an invalid with fruit and other dainty morsels 给病人吃水果和美味佳肴 * We regaled ourselves on caviar and champagne. 我们尽情地享用鱼子酱和香槟酒.
regalia
/ rI5geIlIE; rI`^elIE/ n [U]  1 emblems or robes of royalty used at coronations, eg crown, orb and sceptre （加冕礼中用的）王权的标志（如王冠、 宝球和权杖）; 王袍: the king in full regalia 王袍加身的君王.  2 emblems and costumes of an order (eg the Order of the Garter), or of a certain rank or office 某种勋位（如英国嘉德勋位）或某种官阶或官职的标志和服装: wearing the mayoral regalia, ie the mayor's chain of office, etc 戴著市长的职务标志（官职链等）.
regard
/ rI5gB:d; rI`^Brd/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) look steadily at (sb/sth) in the specified way 注视, 凝视（某人[某物]）: She regarded him closely, intently, curiously, etc. 她紧紧地、 目不转睛地、 好奇地...注视著他.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth as sth consider or think about sb/sth in the specified way 将某人[某事物]视为; 认为某人[某事物]是: How is he regarded locally? 当地的人对他看法如何? * Your work is highly regarded. 你的工作很受重视. * We regard her behaviour with suspicion. 我们对她的行为有怀疑. * regard sb unfavourably/with disfavour 对某人没有好感 * I regard your suggestion as worth considering/as worthy of consideration. 我觉得你的建议值得考虑. * We regard your action as a crime/as criminal. 我们认为你这种行为是犯罪行为. * She's generally regarded as a nuisance. 大家都很讨厌她.  3 [Tn] (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用於否定句或疑问句) pay attention to (sth); heed 注意（某事物）; 留意: He seldom regards my advice. 他很少听我的话. * He booked the holiday without regarding my wishes. 他不考虑我的意愿就把假日的一切都定下来了.  4 (idm 习语) as regards sb/sth concerning or connected with sb/sth 关於或至於某人[某事物]: I have little information as regards his past. 我对他过去的情况不太了解. * As regards the second point in your letter... 关於你信中的第二点....
regarding 
prep with reference to (sb/sth); concerning 对於（某人[某事物]）; 关於; 至於: She said nothing regarding your request. 她对你的要求只字不提.
regard
/ rI5gB:d; rI`^Brd/ n  1 [U] ~ to/for sb/sth attention to or concern for sb/sth; care for sb/sth （对某人[某事物]的）注意或关心: drive without regard for/to speed limits 不顾速度限制开快车 * have, pay, show little regard for the feelings of others 不大顾及别人的感情.  2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) esteem or consideration; respect 尊重; 敬重; 尊敬: hold sb in high/low regard, ie have a good/bad opinion of sb 尊重[不尊重]某人 * have a great regard for sb's judgement, intelligence, achievements 极为尊重某人的判断、 才智、 成就.  3 regards [pl] (used esp at the end of a letter 尤用於信函的结尾) kind wishes; greeting 致意; 问候: With kind regards, Yours sincerely... 谨此致意, ...敬上 * Please give/send my regards to your brother. 请代为向令兄致意.  4 (idm 习语) in/with regard to sb/sth; in this/that/one regard in connection with sb/sth; in this/that connection; concerning sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]; 在这[那]点上: I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. 对於你的投诉, 我无可奉告. * He is very sensitive in this regard, ie concerning this. 他在这方面非常敏感. * We have succeeded in one crucial regard: making this scandal public. 我们办成了一件大事: 将这件丑事公之於众.
regardless 
adv (infml 口) paying no attention to sb/sth 不加理会; 不顾: I protested, but she carried on regardless. 我极力反对, 但她置之不理仍一意孤行. regardless of prep paying no attention to (sb/sth); heedless of 不理会（某人[某事物]）; 不顾: regardless of the consequences, danger, expense 不顾後果、 危险、 代价 * He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说.
regatta
/ rI5gtE; rI`^AtE/ n sporting event at which races are held between rowing-boats or yachts 划船比赛; 赛艇会.
regd
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) registered.
regency
/ 5ri:dVEnsI; `ridVEnsI/ n  1 [C] (period of) office of a regent 摄政（期）.  2 the Regency [sing] (in Britain) the period 1810-20, when George, Prince of Wales acted as regent （英国）摄政时期（1810-1820年,威尔士亲王乔治摄政时期）: [attrib 作定语] Regency architecture, furniture 英国摄政时期的建筑风格、 家具.
regenerate
/ rI5dVenEreIt; rI`dVZnE9ret/ v  1 [Tn] give fresh strength or life to (sb/sth); restore 赋予（某人[某事物]）新的力量或生命; 使恢复: After his holiday he felt regenerated. 他休假之後觉得又有了精神. * Their aim is to regenerate British industry. 他们的目的是复兴英国的工业.  2 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an institution to) reform or improve, esp morally or spiritually 改造或改进（人或机构）（尤指在道德上或精神上）: The party soon regenerated under her leadership. 该党在她的领导下很快焕然一新.
regenerate 
/ rI5dVenErEt; rI`dVZnErIt/ adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (fml 文) morally or spiritually reformed （道德上或精神上）新生的, 更新的: a regenerate society 观念更新的社会.
regeneration 
/ rI9dVenE5reIFn; rI9dVZnE`reFEn/ n [U].
regenerative 
/ rI5dVenErEtIv; rI`dVZnE9rEtIv/ adj: enjoy the regenerative powers of sea air 享受清新宜人的海上空气.
regent
/ 5ri:dVEnt; `ridVEnt/ (often 常作 Regent) n person appointed to rule a country while the monarch is too young, old, ill, etc, or is absent 摄政者.
regent (often 常作 Regent) 
adj (following ns 用於名词之後) performing the duties of a Regent 摄政的: the Prince Regent 摄政王.
reggae
/ 5regeI; `rZ^e/ n [U] type of West Indian popular music and dance with strong rhythms 西印度群岛的节奏很强的流行音乐和舞蹈.
regicide
/ 5redVIsaId; `rZdVE9saId/ n  1 [U] crime of killing a king 弑君罪.  2 [C] person who commits or helps to commit this crime 弑君者; 弑君罪犯或从犯.
regime
 / reI5Vi:m, also 5reVi:m; re`Vim/ n  1 (a) method or system of government 统治方式或制度; 政体; 政权: a socialist, fascist, etc regime 社会主义、 法西斯等制度. (b) prevailing method or system of administration (eg in a business) 盛行的管理方式或制度（如商业中的）: changes made under the present regime 现行管理方法带来的变化 * the old regime versus the new 新管理制度对旧管理制度.  2 regimen 养生法; 摄生法.
regimen
/ 5redVImEn; `rZdVE9mEn/ n (medical or fml 医或文) set of rules about diet, exercise, etc aimed at improving sb's health and physical well-being （以增进健康及强身为目的, 在饮食、 锻炼等方面规定的）生活制度; 养生法; 摄生法: follow a strict regimen 严格地遵守养生之道 * put a patient on a regimen 为某病人安排生活制度.
regiment
/ 5redVImEnt; `rZdVEmEnt/ n  1 [CGp] (a) (artillery and armour) unit divided into batteries or squadrons （炮兵的和装甲兵的）团: an attack by three tank regiments 以三个坦克团的进攻. (b) (British infantry) unit, usu based on a city or county, and represented in the field by battalions （英国步兵的）团队（以营编制的作战单位, 通常为从一市或一郡中徵集的）: the 1st battalion of the Lancashire Regiment 兰开夏郡团队第1营 * enlist in a crack (ie outstanding) infantry regiment 加入赫赫有名的团队.  2 [CGp] ~ of sth/sb (fig 比喻) large number of things or people 大量的物或人: a whole regiment of volunteers 大批志愿者.
regiment 
/ 5redVIment; `rZdVE9mZnt/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp derog 尤作贬义) force strict discipline on (sb/sth); organize rigidly into groups, patterns, etc 严格地管制（某人[某事物]）; 严密地编组、 编队等: regimented school outings 控制极严的校外远足活动 * tourists regimented into large parties for sightseeing 编成大组进行观光的游客. 
regimentation 
/ 9redVImen5teIFn; 9rZdVEmZn`teFEn/ n [U].
regimental
/ 9redVI5mentl; 9rZdVE`mZntl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of a regiment 团的; （英国步兵）团队的: a regimental mascot, band, parade, etc 团队的吉祥物、 乐队、 队列 * regimental headquarters, colours, etc 团指挥部、 团旗.
regimentals 
n [pl] uniform of a regiment 团的制服; （英国步兵的）团队制服: dressed in full regimentals 身穿全套团队制服.
Regina
/ rI5dVaInE; rI`dVaInE/ n (Latin 拉) (used esp in signatures on proclamations or in the titles of lawsuits 尤用於文告之签署或诉讼案件之名称中) reigning queen 女王: Elizabeth Regina 伊丽莎白女王 * (law 律) Regina v Hay, ie the Crown versus Hay 王国政府对海伊的讼案. Cf 参看 Rex.
region
/ 5ri:dVEn; `ridVEn/ n  1 part of a surface or bodyor space with or without definite boundaries or characteristicfeatures 物体表面、 身体或空间的部分（可有可无边缘或特徵）; 范围; 部位; 地方; 地区; 区域: the Arctic, desert, tropical, etc regions 北极、 沙漠、 热带等地区 * the northernmost regions of England 英格兰的最北部地区 * pains in the abdominal region 腹部的疼痛.  2 administrative division of a country 行政区.  3 (idm 习语) in the region of sth approximately (a number, weight, price, etc) 大约（某数量、 重量、 价格等）: earn (somewhere) in the region of 20000 a year 一年约挣 20000 英镑.
regional 
/ -nl; -nl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a region 局部范围的; 部位的; 地方的; 地区的; 区域的: the regional wines of France 法国各地出产的葡萄酒 * organized, listed, etc on a regional basis 按地区组织的、 列出的等. 
regionally 
/ -nElI; -nlI/ adv.
register
/ 5redVIstE(r); `rZdVIstL/ n  1 (book containing an) official list or record of names, items, attendances, etc 登记; 注册; 注册簿; 登记表; 登记簿: a parish register, ie listing births, marriages and deaths 牧区登记册（记载出生、 婚丧等事项） * Lloyd's Register (of Shipping) 劳埃德船级社 * the electoral register/the register of voters, ie of people entitled to vote 选民名册 * make entries in a register 登记入册 * The class teacher called the (names on the) register. 任课教师点了名.  2 mechanical device for indicating or recording speed, force, numbers, etc automatically 记录器（自动显示或记录速度、 力度、 数量等的装置）: a cash register 现金出纳机.  3 (part of the) range of a human voice or a musical instrument （人声或乐器的）声区: notes in the upper/middle register 高[中]声区 * the lower register of a clarinet, tenor, etc 单簧管、 男高音等的低声区.  4 (linguistics 语言) range of vocabulary, grammar, etc used by speakers in particular social circumstances or professional contexts 语域（在特定社交场合或专业领域中人们使用的词汇、 语法等的范围）: the informal register of speech 通俗语体 * specialist registers of English, eg for legal, financial, etc matters 英语的专门术语（如法律、 金融等术语）.  5 adjustable metal plate for widening or narrowing an opening and regulating draught, esp in a fire-grate 节气门, 调风器（尤指炉箅中的）.
register office 
=>  registry office (registry).
register
/ 5redVIstE(r); `rZdVIstL/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a only passive 只用於被动语态, Cn.n/a esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (at/for/with sth); ~ sth (in sth); ~ sb as sth formally record (a name, an event, a sale, etc) in a list 登记（姓名、 事项、 销售额等）; 注册; 记录: register at a hotel, ie book in as a guest 登记入住旅馆 * You must register with the police, the embassy, etc. 你应该向警方、 使馆等登记. * Where can I register (ie enrol as a student) for the Arabic course? 我学习阿拉伯语课程到哪里注册? * register one's car, the birth of a child, a patent 登记自己的汽车、 小孩的出生日、 专利 * a State Registered Nurse, ie one who is officially registered 国家注册护士 * register the house in your name 把房子登记在你的名下 * She is registered (as) disabled. 她已登记为伤残者.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb); ~ sth (at sth) present sth formally in writing for consideration （以书面形式）提出某事以便考虑: register a complaint with the authorities 向当局提出申诉 * register a strong protest at the government's action 对政府的行动提出强烈抗议.  3 (a) [I, Tn] (of figures,etc) be indicated or recorded; (of measuring instruments) indicate or record (figures, etc) automatically （指数字等）被显示或记录; （指测量仪器）自动显示或记录（数 字等）: Loss of pressure had not registered on the dials. 刻度盘未记录压力下降. * The thermometer registered 32C.温度计显示的读数为32C. (b) [Tn] (of a person, his face, his actions, etc) show (emotion, etc) （指人、 人的面孔、 动作等）显出, 流露（情绪等）: He slammed the door to register his disapproval. 他砰的一声把门关上以示不满. * Her face registered dismay. 她脸上流露出惊慌的神色.  4 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (with sb) (infml 口) (of facts, etc) be mentally recorded or fully realized; (of people) remember or notice (sth) （指事实等）铭记在心, 充分了解; （指人）记住或注意到（某事物）: Her name didn't register (with me). 我没记住她的名字. * I registered (the fact) that he was late. 我注意到他迟到了.  5 (a) [Tn] send (letters, etc) by post, paying extra for compensation against loss or damage 挂号邮寄（信等）: It's wise to register letters containing banknotes. 信中夹钞票最好寄挂号. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) send (luggage) by rail or sea, paying extra for compensation against loss or damage （由铁路或海路）挂号托运（行李）: sea baggage registered to Rio 由海路挂号托运到里约热内卢的行李.
registered nurse 
(US) trained nurse licensed by a state authority 注册护士.
registered post 
(US ,certified `mail) service by which the sender pays extra for compensation against loss or damage 挂号邮寄. Cf 参看 recorded delivery (record2).
registered trade mark 
(abbr 缩写 R; symb 符号为 ) emblem or name, etc of a manufacturer or trader which is officially recorded as identifying his goods 注册商标.
registrar
/ 9redVI5strB:(r), 5redVIstrB:(r); 9rZdVI`strBr,`rZdVI9strBr/ n  1 (a) official keeper of records or registers, eg of births, marriages and deaths 户籍员. (b) official responsible for admissions, examinations, etc at a university 注册主任（大学中主管招生、 考试等事务的负责人）: an assistant registrar 助理注册主任.  2 (Brit) senior hospital doctor being trained as a specialist or consultant(2) 专科住院医师.
registration
/ 9redVI5streIFn; 9rZdVI`streFEn/ n  1 [U] registering or being registered 登记; 注册; 挂号: registration of letters, parcels, trunks, etc 信件、 包裹、 衣箱等的挂号 * registration of students for a course/examination 学生之选课[考试]登记 * [attrib 作定语] registration fees 注册费.  2 [C] entry in a register 登记或注册的项目: an increase in registrations for ballet classes 芭蕾舞班注册人数的增加.
registration number 
series of letters and numbers displayed at the front and back of a vehicle to identify it 机动车的登记号码; 牌照号码. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
registry
/ 5redVIstrI; `rZdVIstrI/ n place, eg in a church or university, where registers are kept 登记处, 注册处（如教堂或大学等的）.
registry office (also `register office) 
place where civil marriages are performed before a registrar, and where records of births, marriages and deaths are made 户籍登记处（由户籍员登记并主持结婚仪式处, 无宗教仪式, 该处并负责记录出生、 婚丧等事项）.
Regius professor
/ 9ri:dVIEs prE5fesE(r); 9ridVIEs prE`fZsL/ (Brit) professor (esp at Oxford or Cambridge) holding a university chair which was founded by a king or queen, or is filled with the monarch's approval 钦定讲座教授（尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学的）（该职由君主钦定设立或由君主批准任命）.
regnant (often 常作 Regnant) 
/ 5regnEnt; `rZ^nEnt/ adj (fml 文) (following ns 用於名词之後) reigning 在位的; （君主）统治的, 执政的: Queen Regnant, ie one ruling in her own right, not as a consort 执政的女王.
regress
/ rI5gres; rI`^rZs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) return to an earlier or less advanced form or state 退步; 倒退; 回归; 退化.
regression 
/ rI5greFn; rI`^rZFEn/ n regressing 退步; 倒退; 回归; 退化.
regressive 
adj regressing or tending to regress 退步的; 倒退的; 回归的; 退化的.
regret
/ rI5gret; rI`^rZt/ n  1 [U, C] feeling of sadness at the loss of sb/sth; feeling of annoyance, disappointment or repentance 痛惜; 懊悔; 遗憾; 失望; 悔恨: express, feel regret at/about a missed opportunity 对错过良机表示、 感到懊悔 * I heard of his death with profound/deep/great regret. 我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛. * Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your invitation. 很抱歉, 我不能接受你的邀请. * I have no regrets about leaving. 我对离去一事毫不後悔.  2 regrets [pl] (fml 文) (used in polite expressions of refusal, apology, etc 用以表示拒绝、 歉意等的客气说法): give/send one's regrets, eg in answer to a wedding invitation 深表歉意（如谢绝婚礼邀请） * Please accept my regrets at refusing/that I must refuse. 有拂雅意, 深以为憾.
regretful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj feeling or expressing regret 痛惜的; 悔恨的; 遗憾的: a regretful smile, look, etc 抱歉的笑容、 样子等. 
regretfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ with regret; sadly 痛惜地; 悔恨地; 遗憾地; 哀伤地: smile regretfully 遗憾地微笑 * Regretfully, I must decline. 很抱歉, 我不得不辞谢.
regret
/ rI5gret; rI`^rZt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt, Tg, Tsg] feel regret about (sth sad, annoying, disappointing, etc) 对（伤心、 恼人、 失望等事）感到惋惜、 懊悔、 遗憾: If you go now, you'll regret it, ie You will wish you had stayed. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔. * I regret that I cannot help. 很抱歉, 此事爱莫能助. * It is to be regretted that... 遗憾的是... * I regret what I said. 我很後悔不该说那话. * I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了. * We regret to inform you..., ie used in letters when giving bad news.兹奉告..., 甚以为憾. （用於以书信通知坏消息） * I regret (his) ever having raised the matter. （他）竟然提出此事, 令人遗憾.  2 [Tn] feel sorrow about (the loss of sb/sth); wish to have (sb/sth) again 对（失去某人[某事物]）感到悲伤或惋惜: regret lost/missed opportunities 对失去[错过]机会感到惋惜 * His death was regretted by all. 他去世了, 大家都很悲痛.
regrettable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that is or should be regretted 令人痛惜的; 令人遗憾的; 可悲的; 不幸的: regrettable failures, losses, mistakes, etc 令人惋惜的失败、 损失、 错误等 * Her rudeness was most/highly regrettable. 她粗俗无礼, 令人遗憾. 
regrettably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv  1 in a regrettable way 惋惜地; 遗憾地; 可悲地: a regrettably small income 少得可怜的收入.  2 it is to be regretted that 十分遗憾; 遗憾的是: Regrettably, the experiment ended in failure. 很遗憾, 该试验最後失败了.
regroup
/ 9ri:5gru:p; ri`^rup/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth) form into groups again; form (sth) into new groups 重新编组; 重组（某事物）: The enemy regrouped (their forces) for a new attack. 敌人重新聚集（兵力）准备发起新的进攻.
Regt
abbr 缩写 = Regiment.
regular
/ 5regjUlE(r); `rZ^jElL/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] happening, coming or done repeatedly at times or places which are the same distance apart 有规律的; 定期的; 定时的: regular breathing 均匀的呼吸 * a regular pulse, heartbeat, etc 正常的脉搏、 心跳等 * have regular bowel movements 大便正常 * have regular habits/be regular in one's habits, ie do the same things at the same times every day 作息时间有规律 * lampposts placed at regular intervals 按等距离设置的路灯柱.  2 conforming to a principle or standard of procedure; proper 合乎原则的; 符合规定的; 正当的; 适合的: He applied for the job through the regular channels, ie in the accepted way. 他通过正常的途径申请这一工作. * You should sign a contract to make your job situation regular. 你应该签个合同使你任职合乎规定手续.  3 evenly or systematically arranged; symmetrical 均匀的; 整齐的; 对称的; 匀称的: (approv 褒) her regular teeth, features 她那整齐的牙齿、 匀称的五官 * jets flying in (a) regular formation 编成整齐队形飞行的喷气式飞机 * a regular geometrical figure, eg a polygon, with sides and angles equal 规则的几何图形.  4 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) normal or usual 正常的; 经常的: my regular doctor, dentist, etc 经常给我看病的医生、 牙医等 * our regular customers, readers, listeners, etc 我们的老主顾、 读者、 听众等. (b) continuous or habitual; constant 连续的; 习惯性的; 固定不变的: have no regular work, employment, etc 没有固定的工作、 职业等 * a regular offender, ie against the law 惯犯 * He was a regular visitor of hers. 他是她家的常客.  5 [attrib 作定语] belonging to the permanent armed forces of a country 常备军的; 正规军的: a regular soldier, army, battalion 正规士兵、 军、 营.  6 (grammar) (of verbs, nouns, etc) having normal inflected forms （指动词、 名词等）按规则变化的: The verb `go' is not regular, but `walk' is. go是不规则动词, walk是规则动词.  7 (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) thorough; complete 彻底的; 完全的: a regular hero, rascal, genius 真正的英雄、 流氓、 天才 * This is a regular mess. 真是乱七八糟. * You're a regular little charmer, aren't you? 你真是个小迷人精, 对不对?  8 [attrib 作定语] (dated US infml 旧, 口) likeable; good 可爱的; 好的: He's a regular guy. 他是个好人.  9 (idm 习语) (as) ,regular as `clockwork (infml 口) doing sth or occurring at set times in a way that can be depended upon 极有规律: She arrives every day at five, (as) regular as clockwork. 她每天五点钟到, 极有规律.
regular 
n  1 member of the permanent armed forces of a country 正规军人.  2 (infml 口) regular customer or client at a shop, pub, etc （商店、 酒馆等的）老主顾, 常客: He's one of our regulars. 他是我们的老主顾.
regularity 
/ 9regjU5lArEtI; 9rZ^jE`lArEtI/ n [U] state of being regular 规律性; 规则性; 经常性: regularity of attendance at church 经常去教堂做礼拜 * They meet with great regularity. 他们定期会面.
regularly 
adv  1 at regular intervals or times 有规律地; 经常地; 定期地: The post arrives regularly at eight every morning. 邮件每天上午八点钟按时送到.  2 in a regular manner 整齐地; 匀称地: a garden laid out regularly 布局很整齐的花园.
regularize, regularise
/ 5regjUlEraIz; `rZ^jElE9raIz/ v [Tn] make (sth) lawful or correct 使（某事物）合法化或合乎规律: Illegal immigrants can regularize their position by obtaining the necessary residence permit. 非法移民获得必要的居留证後即可使身分合法. 
regularization, regularisation 
/ 9regjUlEraI5zeIFn; ?@ -rI5z-; 9rZgjElErI`zeFEn/ n [U].
regulate
/ 5regjUleIt; `rZ^jE9let/ v [Tn]  1 control or direct (sth) by means of rules and restrictions （以规章制度）控制或管理（某事物）: regulate one's conduct, expenditure, lifestyle 约束行为、 限制消费、 节制生活方式 * regulate the traffic 管理交通 * The activities of credit companies are regulated by law. 信贷公司的业务受法律制约.  2 adjust (an apparatus, a mechanism, etc) so that it functions as desired; control (speed, pressure, etc) in this way 调校, 校准（仪器、 机械等）; 控制（速度、 压力等）: regulate a clock, radiator, etc 校准时钟、 调节散热器 * This valve regulates the flow of water. 这个阀门控制著水的流量.
regulator 
n device that regulates, esp the time 调节器; （尤指）整时器: a pressure, temperature, etc regulator 压力、 温度等调节器.
regulation
/ 9regjU5leIFn; 9rZ^jE`leFEn/ n  1 [U] regulating or being regulated; control 管理; 调校; 校准; 调节; 控制: the regulation of share prices 股票价格的管制.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] rule or restriction made by an authority 规章; 规则; 法规; 条例: regulations laid down for your guidance 为指导工作而制定的规章制度 * too many rules and regulations 过多的规章制度 * fire, flood regulations 防火、 防洪条例 * `safety regulations, eg in factories 安全规则（如工厂中的） * `traffic regulations, ie made by the police 交通规则 * contrary to/against (the) regulations 违章.  3 [attrib 作定语] required by the regulations; correct 规定的; 正规的: in regulation dress, uniform, etc 穿规定的服装、 制服等 * drive at the regulation speed, eg on motorways 按规定速度行车（如在高速公路上）.
regurgitate
/ rI5g\:dVIteIt; ri`^[dVE9tet/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] bring (swallowed food) up into the mouth again 使（咽下的食物）反回到口中; 反刍.  2 [I] (of liquid, etc) gush back （指液体等）回涌, 回流.  3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) give (opinions, etc gained from others) as if they were one's own 将（别人的意见等）当作自己的表达出: He's simply regurgitating stuff remembered from lectures. 他只不过是照背讲义而已. 
regurgitation 
/ rI9g\:dVI5teIFn; ri9^[dVE`teFEn/ n [U].
rehabilitate
/ 9ri:E5bIlIteIt; 9riE`bIlE9tet/ v [Tn]  1 restore (sb) to a normal life by retraining, medical treatment, etc, esp after imprisonment or illness （通过重新培训、 治疗等）使（某人）恢复正常生活（尤指出狱者或病愈者）: rehabilitate the mentally/physically disabled in the community 使社区中智力[身体]有缺陷的人恢复正常的生活.  2 (fig 比喻) restore (sb who has suffered loss of rank, reputation, etc) to his former position; reinstate 恢复（某人）原有的地位、 名誉等; 使恢复原状: rehabilitate a disgraced former leader 为蒙受耻辱的原领导人恢复名誉.
rehabilitation 
/ 9ri:E9bIlI5teIFn; 9riE9bIlE`teFEn/ n [U] rehabilitating or being rehabilitated 恢复; 复原: the patient's slow rehabilitation 病人的缓慢康复 * [attrib 作定语] a rehabilitation centre, eg for psychiatric patients 康复中心（如为精神病人设立的）.
rehash
/ 9ri:5hAF; ri`hAF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) put (ideas, material, etc) into a new form with no great change or improvement 使（意见、 材料等）改变形式（并无实质改变）: rehash newspaper articles into a book 把报上的文章编辑成册 * His answer was just a rehashed version of my lecture. 他的回答只不过是把我的讲义重复了一遍.
rehash 
/ 5ri:hAF; `ri9hAF/ n  1 [sing] rehashed material 只在形式上经过变动的材料: a rehash of familiar ideas 对旧思想的翻新.  2 [U] rehashing （形式上的）改变, 翻新.
rehear
/ 9ri:5hIE(r); ri`hIr/ v (pt, pp reheard / 9ri:5h\:d; ri`h[d/) [Tn] hear or consider (a case, etc in a lawcourt) again 重新审理或复审（案件等）.
rehearing 
n reconsideration (of a case, etc) （案件等的）重新审理或复审: get, be given, demand a rehearing 获得、 被给予、 要求重新审理.
rehearse
/ rI5h\:s; rI`h[s/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] practise(a play, piece of music, etc) for public performance 排练（戏剧、 乐曲等）; 排演: rehearse with a full cast, orchestra, etc 与全体演出人员、 管弦乐队等进行预演 * rehearse an opera 排练歌剧. (b) [Tn] supervise or train (sb) by practising in this way （通过排演）指导或训练（某人）: rehearse the actors for the fight scene 指导演员排练武打场面.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) give an account of (sth), esp to oneself; recite 讲述（某事物）; （尤指）自述, 背诵: rehearse one's grievances 诉苦 * He rehearsed the interview in his mind beforehand. 他把面试时要说的话预先想好了.
rehearsal 
/ -sl; -sl/ n  1 [U] rehearsing 排练; 排演; 训练; 讲述; 背诵: put a play into rehearsal 排练一出戏 * have two plays in rehearsal, ie being rehearsed 有两出戏正在排演.  2 [C] practice performance of a play, opera, etc （戏剧、 歌剧等的）排练, 排演: have/hold/stage a `dress rehearsal 进行彩排.  3 [C] (fml 文) account or recital of sth, esp in the mind 讲述; 背诵; （尤指）默诵: a rehearsal of what he would say 对要说的话的默诵.
rehouse
/ 9ri:5haUz; ri`haJz/ v [Tn] give (sb) a new house, flat, etc 向（某人）提供新房子、 寓所等: tenants rehoused during building repairs 在修房期间予以安排新住处的房客 * the need to rehouse people in the inner cities 给旧城区的居民提供新住房的需要.
Reich
/ raIk, raIx; raIk/ n [sing] the former German state （旧时的）德国; （德意志）帝国: the Third Reich, ie Germany under the Nazi regime (1933-1945) 第三帝国（1933-1945 年纳粹统治下的德国）.
reign
/ reIn; ren/ n (period of) rule of a king or queen 君主的统治; 君主统治时期: in/during the reign of King Alfred 在阿尔弗烈德大王统治时期 * (fig 比喻) The revolution was followed by a reign of terror, ie a time of violence. 革命之後随即出现了恐怖统治（暴政时期）.
reign 
v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) be king, queen or regent; rule 成为国君或摄政王; 当政; 统治: reign over the country/over one's subjects 统治国家[臣民].  2 [I] (esp fig 尤作比喻) be dominant; prevail 君临; 支配; 盛行: Silence reigned, ie There was complete silence. 万籁俱寂. * the reigning champion, Miss World, etc 本届的冠军、 世界小姐等 * Chaos reigns supreme in our new house. 我们的新房子里乱极了.
reimburse
/ 9ri:Im5b\:s; 9riIm`b[s/ v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb); ~ sb (for sth) (usu fml 通常作庄重语) pay back to sb (money that he has spent, lost, etc); refund sth 补偿某人（花费、 损失等的钱）; 偿还某物: I was reimbursed in full. 我已得到全部补偿. * All expenses will be reimbursed (to you). 一切费用都能（给你）报销. * We will reimburse the customer for any loss or damage. 我们愿赔偿顾客受到的一切损失和损害.
reimbursement 
n [C, U] repayment (of expenses, etc) （费用等的）偿还, 报销.
rein
/ reIn; ren/ n  1 (a) [C often pl 常作复数] long narrow strap fastened to the bit of a bridle and used to guide and control a horse 缰绳: ride on a short/long rein, ie use more/less control 骑马时拉紧[放松]缰绳. (b) reins [pl] similar device for restraining a small child 成人牵著幼儿走路用的保护带.  2 reins [pl] (fml 文) means of control 控制手段: hold, take up, assume, etc the reins of government, ie (begin to) govern 掌握、 取得、 执掌...政权.  3 (idm 习语) give, etc free rein to sb/sth => free1. keep a tight rein on sb/sth => tight.
rein 
v (phr v) rein sth in slow down or stop (a horse) by pulling back the reins （用缰绳）勒住（马）（使之放慢或止住脚步）.
reincarnate
/ 9ri:5InkB:neIt; 9riIn`kBrnet/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (in/as sb/sth) bring back (a soul after death) in another body 使（灵魂）转世; 使（灵魂）投胎: Some people believe they may be reincarnated in the form of an animal. 有些人相信他们死後可能转生为动物.
reincarnate 
/ 9ri:In5kB:neIt; 9riIn`kBrnet/ adj (dated 旧) born again in a new body 转生的; 再生的.
reincarnation 
/ 9ri:InkB:5neIFn; 9riInkBr`neFEn/ n (a) [U] belief that the soul enters a new (human or animal) body after death 转世说（认为人死後灵魂可投入另一人或动物之躯体内）. (b) [C] instance of this; new body inhabited in this way 转世; （灵魂的）转世化身.
reindeer
/ 5reIndIE(r); `ren9dIr/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of large deer with branched antlers, living in the arctic regions 驯鹿（体型较大, 生有枝状角, 生活在北极地区）: a herd of reindeer 一群驯鹿 * [attrib 作定语] reindeer meat 驯鹿肉. Cf 参看 caribou.
reinforce
/ 9ri:In5fR:s; 9riIn`fRrs/ v [Tn]  1 make (sth) stronger by adding material, etc （以添加材料等）加固（某物）: reinforce the sleeves of a jumper, eg with elbow patches 在套头毛衣肘部加补钉 * reinforce a wall, bridge, dyke, etc 把墙、 桥、 堤坝等加固.  2 (fig 比喻) give more support to (sth); emphasize 给（某事物）更多的支持; 加强: reinforce sb's opinion, argument, conviction,etc 支持某人的意见、 论点、 信念等 * This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy. 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍的这一看法.  3 increase the numbers or military strength of (sth) 增加（某事物）的数量或军事力量: reinforce a garrison, fleet, etc 增援驻军、 舰队等 * Our defences must be reinforced against attack. 我们必须加强防御设施以抵抗敌人的进攻.
reinforcement 
n  1 [U] reinforcing or being reinforced 加固; 加强; 增援.  2 reinforcements [pl] extra soldiers, ships, tanks, etc sent to reinforce armed forces, etc 用以增援武装力量等的士兵、 舰船、 坦克等; 援军.
reinforced concrete (also ferroconcrete) 
concretewith metal bars or wires embedded in it to give greater strength 钢筋混凝土.
reinstate
/ 9ri:In5steIt; 9riIn`stet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (in/as sth) restore sb to a previous (esp important) position 使某人恢复原先的（尤指重要的）职位或地位: reinstate sb in the post of manager/as manager 恢复某人的经理职位 * (fig 比喻) Sue is now reinstated in his affections, eg after a quarrel. 休现在又重新得到了他的爱（如在争吵之後）. 
reinstatement 
n [U].
reissue
/ 9ri:5IFu:; ri`IFu/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (as sth) issue again (esp sth that has been temporarily unavailable) 重新发行（尤指暂无之物）: reissue a stamp, coin, magazine, etc 重新发行邮票、 硬币、 杂志等 * The novel was reissued as a paperback. 该小说以平装本的形式再版.  2 [Tn] issue (sth) again, esp after it has been recalled 再发出（某物）（尤指曾收回的）: reissue library books after stocktaking 经清点後重新出借图书馆的书.
reissue 
n thing reissued, esp a reprint of a book in a new format 重新发行之物; （尤指形式一新的）再版书.
reiterate
/ ri:5ItEreIt; ri`ItE9ret/ v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) say or do (sth) again or repeatedly 再次或反覆说或做（某事物）: reiterate a command, question, offer, etc 重申一项命令、 重复一个问题、 重提一个建议. Cf 参看 iterate.
reiteration 
/ ri:9ItE5reIFn; ri9ItE`reFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) reiterating or being reiterated 重复或反覆的话语或行为: (a) reiteration of past excuses 旧藉口的重新搬出.
reject
/ rI5dVekt; rI`dVZkt/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] refuse to accept (sb/sth) 拒绝接受（某人[某事物]）: reject a gift, a possibility, an opinion, a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物、 一种可能性、 一条意见、 一项建议 * a rejected candidate, applicant, etc 遭到拒绝的候选人、 申请人等 * She rejected his offer of marriage. 他向她求婚, 她拒绝了. * After the transplant his body rejected (ie failed to adapt to) the new heart. 他的身体对新移植的心脏产生排斥作用. * The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. 军医拒收几名新兵, 认为身体不合格.  2 [Tn] put (sth) aside or throw (sth) away as not to be used, chosen, done, etc; discard 抛弃（某事物）; 摈弃; 剔除: Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们进行质量检验时, 有缺陷的产品均予剔除. * reject over-ripe fruit, eg when making jam 除去熟透的水果（如制果酱时）.  3 [Tn] not give due affection to (sb/sth); rebuff 不给予（某人[某事物]）应有的爱; 慢待: The child was rejected by its parents. 这孩子未受到父母的疼爱.
reject 
/ 5ri:dVekt; `ridVZkt/ n rejected person or thing 被拒绝或被抛弃的人或事物: rejects from an officers' training course 军官培训课程的不合格者 * export rejects, ie damaged or imperfect goods 被拒收的出口货物 * [attrib 作定语] reject china, earthenware, etc 不合格的瓷器、 陶器等.
rejection 
/ rI5dVekFn; rI`dVZkFEn/ n (a) [U] rejecting or being rejected 拒绝; 抛弃. (b) [C] instance of this 拒绝; 抛弃: Her proposal met with continual rejections. 她的建议一再遭到拒绝.
rejection slip 
formal note from an editor or a publisher accompanying a rejected article, book, etc 退稿通知单（编辑或出版者附在退稿等上的）.
rejig
/ 9ri:5dVIg; 9ri`dVI^/ v (-gg-) [Tn]  1 re-equip (a factory, plant, etc) for a new type of work 重新装备（工厂等）.  2 (infml 口) rearrange (sth) 重新布置（某物）: rejig the kitchen to fit in the new cooker 重新布置厨房以安装新炉具.
rejoice
/ rI5dVRIs; rI`dVRIs/ v  1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at/over sth) (fml 文) feel or show great joy 极欢喜; 极高兴; rejoice over a victory 为胜利而欣喜 * rejoice at sb's success 为某人的成功而高兴 * I rejoice to hear that you are well again. 得知你身体康复, 甚为欣慰. * We rejoiced that the war was over. 我们为战争结束而欢欣鼓舞.  2 (phr v) rejoice in sth (joc 谑) have or glory in (a title, etc) 有（某种称号等）; 以（有某种称号等）为荣: She rejoices in the name of Cassandra Postlethwaite. 她为有卡桑德拉·波斯尔思韦特这样的名字而引以为荣.
rejoicing 
n  1 [U] happiness; joy 快乐; 欢喜; 高兴.  2 rejoicings [pl] expressions of joy; celebrations 欢乐的表现; 庆祝: loud rejoicings after the victory 胜利之後的欢呼声.
rejoin
/ 9ri:5dVRIn; 9ri`dVRIn/ v [Tn]  1 join (sb/sth) again; be reunited with 与（某人[某事物]）重新在一起: rejoin one's group, ship, regiment 重新回到组里、 船上、 团里 * She made a detour and rejoined us on the other side of the wood. 她绕道在树林的另一边与我们重新会合. * This lane rejoins the main road further on. 这条小巷前端与大路相连.  2 join (sth) together again 使（某物）重新接合: rejoin the broken pieces 把碎片重新接好.
rejoin
/ rI5dVRIn; rI`dVRIn/ v [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (fml 文) say in answer or reply; retort 回答; 反驳: `You're wrong!' she rejoined. ｀你错了!＇她答道. * He rejoined that this was quite right. 他反驳说这很正确.
rejoinder 
/ -dE(r); -dL/ n what is said in reply; retort 回答; 反驳: `No!' was his curt rejoinder. 他草率地回答了一声｀不!＇
rejuvenate
/ rI5dVu:vEneIt; rI`dVuvE9net/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] restore youthful appearance, strength, etc to (sb) 使（某人）恢复青春容貌、 活力等: feel rejuvenated after a holiday 度假之後感到又有了精神. 
rejuvenation 
/ rI9dVu:vE5neIFn; rI9dVuvE`neFEn/ n [U, C]: undergo a total rejuvenation 完全恢复了活力.
rekindle
/ 9ri:5kIndl; ri`kIndl/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) light again （将某物）重新点燃: rekindle the fire by blowing on the ashes 向灰烬吹气使火复燃 * (fig 比喻) rekindle love, enthusiasm, hope, etc 再次燃起爱情、 热 情、 希望...之火.
relapse
/ rI5lAps; rI`lAps/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth/doing sth) fall back into a previous condition or a worse state after making an improvement 退回到原来的或更坏的状态; 退步: relapse into bad habits 重染恶习 * relapse into unconsciousness, silence, crime 再度昏迷、 恢复平静、 再次犯罪 * relapse into smoking twenty cigarettes a day 又恢复到一天吸二十支香烟的地步.
relapse 
n act of relapsing, esp after partial recovery from an illness 倒退; （尤指疾病好转後的）复发: have/suffer a relapse 旧病复发.
relate
/ rI5leIt; rI`let/ v  1 [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) give an account of (facts, experiences, etc); tell (a story, etc) 叙述（事实、 经历等）; 讲（故事等）: relate the events of the last week 叙述上周发生的事 * She related (to them) how it happened. 她（给他们）讲那事发生的经过.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth to/with sth connect (two things) in thought or meaning; associate sth with sth （在思想上或意义上）将（两事物）联系起来; 将某事物与另一事物相联系: It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case. 这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来. * The report relates high wages to/with labour shortages. 该报告把工资高与劳动力短缺联系在一起了. (b) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be connected with sb/sth else; refer to sb/sth 与他人[他事物]有关; 涉及某人[某事物]: Wealth is seldom related to happiness. 财富鲜与幸福相关. * statements relating to his resignation 与他辞职一事有关的说法 * Does the new law relate only to theft? 新法规是否只涉及盗窃案?  3 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be able to understand and sympathize with sb/sth 能理解并同情某人[某事物]: Some adults can't relate to children. 有些成年人不理解儿童的想法. * I just can't relate to (ie appreciate) punk music. 我对蓬克摇滚音乐简直一窍不通.  4 (idm 习语) strange to relate/say => strange.
related 
adj ~ (to sb/sth)  1 connected or associated with sb/sth （与某人[某事物]）有关的, 相联系的: crime related to drug abuse 与滥用麻醉药品有关的罪案 * chemistry, biology and other related sciences 化学、 生物学及其他相关的科学.  2 [esp pred 尤作表语] in the same family or class, etc 属於同一家族或种类等: be closely/distantly related (to sb) （与某人）是近[远]亲 * two related species of ape 有亲缘关系的两种猿 * He is related to her by marriage. 他与她是姻亲. 
relatedness 
n [U] being related 有关; 相关.
relation
/ rI5leIFn; rI`leFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (between sth and sth); ~ (to sth) way in which one person or thing is related to another; similarity, contrast or connection between people, things or events （人或事物与他者的）联系, 关联, 关系: the relation between rainfall and crop production 降雨量与作物产量之间的关系 * The cost of this project bears/has/shows no relation to the results, ie It does not justify them. 此项目的费用与其成果不相称.  2 (a) [C] person who is related to another; relative 亲戚; 亲属: a close/near/distant relation of mine 我的近亲[较近的亲戚/远亲] * a relation by marriage/law 姻亲. (b) [U] family connection; kinship 亲戚关系; 亲属关系: Is he any relation (to you)? 他（跟你）是亲戚吗? * He's no relation (to me). 他（跟我）不是亲戚. * What relation are you (to each other)? ie How are you related? 你们（彼此之间）是什麽亲属关系?  3 relations [pl] ~s (between sb/sth and sb/sth); ~s (with sb/sth) links or contacts between people, groups, countries, etc; dealings （人、 团体、 国家等之间的）关系, 联系; 交往: diplomatic, international, business relations 外交、 国际、 业务关系 * the friendly relations (existing) between our countries 我们国家之间（存在的）友好关系 * Relations are rather strained (ie difficult or awkward) at present. 目前关系有些紧张. * break off (all) relations with one's family 与家庭断绝了（一切）联系.  4 (idm 习语) have (sexual) relations (with sb) have intercourse (with sb) 与（某人）发生（性）关系; 与（某人）性交. in/with relation to sb/sth (fml 文) concerning sb/sth; with reference to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 涉及某人[某事物]. a poor relation => poor.
relationship 
n  1 ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A to/with B) state of being connected 关系; 关联: the close relationship between industry and trade/of industry to trade 工业与贸易间的密切关系.  2 (a) ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A to B) state of being related by birth or marriage 血缘关系; 姻亲关系: a father-son relationship父子关系. (b) ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A with B)emotional or sexual liaison 感情的或性的关系: have a relationship with sb 与某人有情 * Their affair did not develop into a lasting relationship. 他们的暧昧交往未能发展成为持久的关系.  3 ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A with B) links or contacts; dealings 关系; 联系; 交往: a purely business relationship 纯业务关系 * The author had a good working relationship with his editor. 该作者与编辑之间工作关系很融洽.
relation
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare relation, relationsand relationship. 试比较relation、 relations、 relationship这三个词. Relationship has the widest use, covering many of the meanings of relation and relations. *relationship用法最广, 包括了relation和relations的许多含义.  1 Relation and relationshipcan be used of family connections *relation和relationship可用以表示亲属关系: A relation of mine is coming to stay. 我有个亲戚要来此暂住. *  `What's your relationship to her?' `She's my cousin.' ｀你跟她是什麽亲戚?＇｀她是我的表妹.＇  2 Relationship can indicate a strong emotional association *relationship可以指强烈的感情联系: Their relationship has lasted many years. 他们的感情已有很多年了.  3 When speaking about less personal associations or friendships, relations or relationship is used 若不侧重个人关系或友谊时, 可用relations或relationship: Relations with the USSR are improving. 与苏联的关系正在改善. *  Britain has a unique relationship with the USA. 英国与美国之间的关系很特殊.  4 Relation and relationship can indicate a similarity or correspondence between things *relation和relationship可以表示事物之间的相似处或一致性: ��ISome people say that there's no relation/relationship between violence on television and crimes of violence. 有些人说电视中的暴力镜头与生活中的暴力犯罪并无关系.
relative
/ 5relEtIv; `rZlEtIv/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) considered in relation or proportion to sb/sth else; comparative （与他人[他事物]）相对的, 成比例的, 比较的: the relative merits of the two plans, candidates, cars 两种方案、 两个候选人、 两辆汽车在相比之下显示出的长处 * Supply is relative to demand. 供应要与需求保持一定比例. * They are living in relative comfort, ie compared with other people or with themselves at an earlier time. 他们现在生活比较舒适（与他人或与过去相比而言）. Cf 参看 absolute 4.  2 ~ to sth (fml 文) (following ns 用於名词之後) having a connection with sth; referring to sth 与某事物有关的; 关於或涉及某事物的: the facts relative to the problem 与这问题有关的事实 * the papers relative to the case 关於此案的文件.  3 [attrib 作定语] (grammar) referring to an earlier noun, clause or sentence 与前面的名词、 主句、 从句或句子相关联的: a relative pronoun, clause, adverb 关系代词、 从句、 副词 * The word `who' in `the man who came' is a relative pronoun. 在 the man who came 这一片语中 who 这个词是关系代词.
relative 
n person who is related to another; relation 亲戚; 亲属: a close/near/distant relative of hers 她的近亲[较近的亲戚/远亲].
relatively 
adv  1 in relation or proportion to sb/sth else; comparatively （与他人[他事物]）相对地, 比较地: Considering the smallness of the car, it is relatively roomy inside. 别看这辆汽车小, 里面还比较宽敞. * Relatively speaking, this matter is unimportant. 相对来说, 这事并不重要.  2 (infml 口) quite; moderately 相当地; 适度地: In spite of her illness, she is relatively cheerful. 她尽管有病, 但仍很快乐.
relativism
/ 5relEtIvIzEm; `rZlEtI9vIzEm/ n [U] belief that truth is not always and generally valid, but is limited by the nature of the human mind 相对主义（认为真理并非在任何时候、 任何地方都站得住脚, 而是受到人的认识水平的局限）.
relativity
/ 9relE5tIvEtI; 9rZlE`tIvEtI/ n [U]  1 state of being relative(1) 相对性.  2 (physics 物) Einstein's theory of the universe, which shows that all motion is relative and treats time as a fourth dimension related to space 相对论.
relativistic 
/ 9relEtI5vIstIk; 9rZlEtI`vIstIk/ adj (esp physics 尤用於物理学) based on relativity 相对论的.
relax
/ rI5Aks; rI`lAks/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] (make sth) become less tight, stiff, etc （使某事物）松弛、 放松等: Let your muscles relax slowly. 让你的肌肉慢慢放松. * relax one's grip, hold, grasp (on sth) 放松（对某物的）掌握. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become less anxious, worried or formal in manner; be at ease 缓和下来; 变得轻松: Her features suddenly relaxed. 她的表情一下子变得轻松了. * I'll only relax when I know you're safe. 我惟有知道你平安无事才能放心. * His face relaxed into a smile. 他解颜一笑.  2 [Tn] let (rules, regulations, etc) become less strict or rigid 使（制度、 规则等）变得不严或放宽: We could relax the procedure slightly in your case. 我们可以根据你的情况通融一些. * Discipline is often relaxed at weekends. 一到周末纪律往往松弛下来.  3 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (make sb) rest after work or effort; calm down （使某人）休息, 放松; 镇定: A holiday will help you relax after your exams. 考试之後放个假有助於弛缓紧张情绪. * These pills will relax you and make you sleep. 这些药丸有镇静催眠作用.  4 [I, Tn] (cause effort, concentration, etc to) become less intense （使干劲、 注意力等）松懈, 涣散: His attention never relaxes. 他总是精神十分集中. * You cannot afford to relax your vigilance for a moment. 警惕性是万万不可放松的.
relaxation 
/ 9ri:lAk5seIFn; 9rilAks`eFEn/ n  1 [U] relaxing or being relaxed 松弛; 放松; 休息; 松懈: some relaxation of the rules 对规则的某些放宽.  2 [C, U] (thing done for) recreation or amusement 消遣; 娱乐: Fishing is his favourite relaxation. 他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼.
relaxed 
adj not feeling or showing worry, anxiety, tenseness, etc 不烦恼的、 不焦急的、 不紧张的; 轻松的: look, feel, seem relaxed (about sth) （对某事物）看起来、 感到、 似乎很轻松 * a relaxed smile 轻松的微笑 * a relaxed style of teaching 使人感到轻松的教学方式.
relaxing 
adj (derog 贬) (of climate) making people feel lacking in energy or sluggish; enervating （指气候）使人无精打采的; 使人懒洋洋的.
relay
/ 5ri:leI; `rile/ n  1 fresh set of people or animals taking the place of others who have finished a period of work 接班的人员或动物: Rescuers worked in relays to save the trapped miners. 救援人员轮班工作以营救遇难的矿工. * A new relay of horses was harnessed to the cart.用作轮换的马都已套到了那辆马车上. Cf 参看 shift2 2.2 (also `relay race) race between teams in which each member runs, swims, etc part of the total distance, the second, etc member starting when the first, etc finishes （赛跑、 游泳等的）接力赛: [attrib 作定语] a relay team, runner, etc 接力队、 赛跑运动员等.  3 (a) (radio 无) electronic device for receiving signals and transmitting them again with greater strength, thus increasing the distance over which they are carried 中继设备: [attrib作定语] a relay station 中继站. (b) broadcast, programme or telegraph message sent out in this way 无线电转播; 转播的节目; 无线电中继通讯: a relay from Radio Hamburg 汉堡广播电台的转播.
relay 
/ 5ri:leI, rI5leI; `rile, rI`le/ v (pt, pp relayed) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...) (to...)  1 receive and pass on (eg a message) 收到并传出（如信息）: relay the colonel's orders to the troops 向部队传达上校的命令.  2 (Brit) broadcast (sth) by passing signals through a transmitting station 转播（某事）: a concert relayed live from the Royal Albert Hall 从皇家艾伯特大厅实况转播的音乐会 * The pop festival was relayed all round the world. 流行音乐会的实况已向全世界转播.
release
/ rI5li:s; rI`lis/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (a) allow (a person or an animal) to go; set free or liberate sb/sth 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]: release a prisoner, hostage, kidnap victim, etc (from captivity) 释放囚犯、 人质、 被　持者等 * release a rat from a trap 把老鼠从夹子上放走 * release the horses into the paddock 把马放入围场 * She gently released herself from his arms/embrace. 她轻轻地从他的双臂[拥抱]中挣脱. * (law 律) The robber was released on bail. 该　犯交保释金後获释. * (fig 比喻) Death released him from his sufferings. 死神解脱了他的痛苦. (b) (fig 比喻) free (sb) from an obligation 免除（某人）的义务或责任: release sb from a promise, duty, undertaking, etc 不要某人履行诺言、 尽义务、 承担任务等 * release a monk from his vows 准许一僧人还俗.  2 (a) [Tn] remove (sth) from a fixed position; cause (sth) to move freely 将（某物）从固定位置上移走; 使（某事物）自由移动: release the clutch, handbrake, eg of a lorry 松开离合器、 手闸（如卡车上的） * release a switch, catch, lever, etc 断开开关、 松开掣子、 放松手柄 * release the trigger, eg of a rifle 松开扳机（如步枪上的） * use oil to release a rusted lock 给生　的锁加油使之松动. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] (used esp in the expressions shown 尤用於以下示例) let go (one's hold of sb/sth) 放弃（对某人[某事物]的掌握或控制）: release one's grip (on sth) 松开手（不再抓紧某物） * release one's grasp (of sth) 松开手（不再抓住某物）.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) allow sth to fly, fall, etc 让某物飞走、 落下等: release an arrow, bomb, etc 射箭、 投掷炸弹 * The bullet is released from the gun at very high speed. 子弹自枪膛中高速射出.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (a) allow (news, etc) to be made known 发布（新闻等）: The latest developments have just been released to the media. 最新的进展情况已向大众传播媒介发表. * The police have released no further details about the crime. 警方没有透露这一罪案进一步的详情. (b) make sth available to the public 向公众提供某事物: release a film, book, record, etc 发行影片、 书、 唱片等 * The new model has now been released for sale (to export markets). 新型号的产品现已（向出口市场）出售.  5 [Tn] (law 律) give up (a right, title, property, etc) to sb else 将（权利、 头衔、 财产等）让与他人.
release 
n  1 [U, C] ~ (from sth) releasing or being released 放走; 释放; 解脱; 免除; 放松; 投掷; 发表; 让与: an order for sb's release from prison/captivity释放某人出狱[解除某人监禁]的命令 * a feeling of release, ie of freedom 获得解脱的感觉 * (fig 比喻) Death is often a welcome release from pain. 死神往往是解除痛苦的救星. * the release of a film, record, book, newsflash 影片的发行、 唱片的发行、 书籍的发行、 简要新闻的发表 * The film is on general release, ie is being shown widely at local cinemas. 该影片发行面很广（当地影院普遍放映）.  2 [C] thing released (release 4b) 发行或发表的事物: the latest releases, ie records, films, etc 最新的发行物（唱片、 影片等） * a `press release, ie of news, etc for printing or broadcasting 新闻稿（供报道或广播）.  3 [C] handle, lever, catch, etc that releases part of a machine 松开机件用的把手、 手柄、 掣子等; 释放器; 脱扣器; 松脱器: the `carriage release, ie on a typewriter 滑架释放杆（打字机的） * [attrib 作定语] a re`lease gear 释放装置 * the re`lease button, knob, etc 释放按钮、 旋钮等.
relegate
/ 5relIgeIt; `rZlE9^et/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth)  1 dismiss sb/sth to a lower or less important rank, task or state 使某人[某事物]降级、 降职或降低地位: I have been relegated to the role of a mere assistant. 已经把我降到只任助手的工作了. * relegate old files to the storeroom 把旧文件存入储藏室.  2 (esp Brit) transfer (a sports team) to a lower division 将（运动队）降至较低等级: Will Spurs be relegated to the third division? 斯珀尔斯队会降为丙级队吗? 
relegation 
/ 9relI5geIFn; 9rZlE`^eFEn/ n [U]: teams threatened with relegation 有降级危险的队.
relent
/ rI5lent; rI`lZnt/ v [I]  1 decide to be less strict, determined or harsh 决定采取较为温和、 缓和或宽容的态度和做法: Afterwards she relented and let the children stay up late to watch TV. 後来她宽容了些, 让孩子们晚睡看电视. * The police will not relent in their fight against crime. 警方在跟犯罪分子的斗争中决不手软.  2 (of the speed or rate of doing sth, etc) become less intense （指做某事等的速度或进度）减弱, 缓和: The pressure on us to finish this task will not relent. 我们为完成此项任务受到的压力不会减轻.  3 (of bad weather) improve （指坏天气）变好: The rain relented just long enough for me to go shopping. 雨小了一阵, 刚好够我去买东西的时间.
relentless 
adj  1 not relenting; strict or harsh 不留情的; 严格的; 苛刻的: be relentless in punishing offenders 惩处犯罪者不手软.  2 not ceasing; constant 不停的; 不间断的: driven by a relentless urge, ambition, quest, etc for power 为得到权力一直受到欲望、 野心、 追求等所驱使 * relentless pursuit, questioning, criticism 不断的探索、 询问、 批评 * the relentless pressure of her life as a politician 她身为政治家一生不断受到的压力. 
relentlessly 
adv. 
relentlessness 
n [U].
relevant
/ 5relEvEnt; `rZlEvEnt/ adj ~ (to sth/sb)connected with what is being discussed, what is happening,what is being done, etc 有关的; 切题的: a highly relevant argument, point, suggestion, etc 密切相关的论据、 论点、 建议等 * have all the relevant documents ready 已把一切有关文件准备妥当 * supply the facts (directly) relevant to the case 提供与该案（直接）有关的事实 * Colour and sex are hardly relevant when appointing somebody to a job. 肤色和性别对於任命某人担任某职来说是没有什麽关系的. 
relevance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ (also relevancy /-EnsI; -EnsI/) n [U]: have/bear some relevance to the matter in hand 与要做的事情有一些关系.
reliable
/ rI5laIEbl; rI`laIEbl/ adj consistently good inquality or performance, and so deserving trust; dependable可信赖的; 可靠的: a reliable assistant, witness, report, watch, battery, firm 可靠的助手、 可信的证人、 合乎事实的报道、 走得准的手表、 耐用的电池、 有信用的公司 * be a reliable source of information (about sth) 成为（某事物的）可靠信息来源 * My memory's not very reliable these days. 近来我的记性不太好.
reliability 
/ rI9laIE5bIlEtI; rI9laIE`bIlEtI/ n [U] state or quality of being reliable 可靠（性）; 可信（性）.
reliably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: I am reliably informed that he's about to resign. 我获得可靠消息说他就要辞职了.
reliance
/ rI5laIEns; rI`laIEns/ n [U] ~ on sb/sth confidence or trust in sb/sth; dependence on sb/sth （对某人[某事物]的）信任, 信赖, 信心: Don't place too much reliance on his advice. 别太相信他的意见. * his total, absolute, complete reliance on his colleagues 他对同事毫无保留的、 绝对的、 完全的信任.
reliant 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj ~ on sb/sth [pred 作表语] having reliance on sb/sth; dependent on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有信心; 信任或依赖某人[某事物]: He's heavily reliant on bank loans. 他离不开银行贷款. Cf 参看 self-reliant.
relic
/ 5relIk; `rZlIk/ n  1 [C] trace or feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of it 遗物; 遗迹; 遗风; 遗俗: relics of ancient civilizations, rituals, beliefs 古代文明、 礼仪、 信仰的遗迹.  2 [C] part of the body, clothes, belongings, etc of a holy person kept after his death as sth to be deeply respected 圣者遗物（圣者的部分遗骸、 衣物、 所有物等供人崇奉者）. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3.  3 relics [pl] (parts of a) dead body surviving destruction or decay; remnants 遗骸（的部分）; 残存部分.
relief
/ rI5li:f; rI`lif/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (from sth) lessening or removing of pain, distress, anxiety, etc （痛苦、 困苦、 忧虑等的）减轻或解除: bring, seek, find, give, feel relief 带来、 寻求、 得到、 予以、 感到解脱 * doctors working for the relief of suffering, hardship, etc 为解除病痛、 痛苦等而工作的医生 * The drug gives some relief from pain. 这种药可以减轻一些痛苦. * I breathed/heaved a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe. 我听到他平安的消息时才松了一口气. * To my great relief/Much to my relief, I wasn't late. 我最庆幸的是没有迟到. * It's a great relief to find you here. 见到你在这儿也就放心了. * `What a relief!' she said, as she took her tight shoes off. 她把夹脚的鞋脱下时说: ｀可松快了!＇  2 [U] that which brings relief(1); assistance given to people in need or to a disaster area 减轻或解除痛苦等的事物; 向需要帮助者或灾区提供的援助: send relief (eg food, tents, money, etc) to those made homeless by floods 给水灾中无家可归的人发送救援物资（如食品、 帐篷、 金钱等） * provide relief for refugees 赈济难民 * go/come to the relief of earthquake victims 救济地震灾民 * committees for famine relief 饥荒赈灾委员会 * [attrib 作定语] re`lief funds, projects, supplies 救济金、 赈灾计画、 救济品.  3 [U] ~ (from sth) thing that reduces tension, relieves monotony or brings pleasing variety 缓和紧张、 克服单调或带来可喜的变化的事物: His jokes provided some comic relief in what was really a dull speech. 他说的笑话给极沉闷的讲话增加几分轻松气氛. * Two comedians followed (eg in a variety show) by way of light relief. 两名喜剧演员接著上场使观众轻松一下（如杂耍演出中）.  4 [C] (a) person taking over or following after another's turn of duty 换班人; 接替人; 轮班人: stand in as Peter's relief 准备接替彼得 * [attrib 作定语] a re`lief driver, crew, etc 轮换的驾驶员、 乘务组人员等. (b) bus, train, etc supplementing a regular service （正常运营之外）增开的公共汽车、 火车等; 加班车: The coach was full so a relief was put on. 长途汽车已满员, 所以增开了一辆. * [attrib 作定语] a re`lief bus, service, etc 增加的公共汽车、 运营服务等.  5 [sing] ~ (of sth) ending or raising of the siege (of a town, fort, etc) （城镇、 要塞等的）解围: the relief of Mafeking 马弗京城的解围.
relief road 
bypass or other road that vehicles can use to avoid an area of heavy traffic （为免交通阻塞使用的）备用车道, 旁道.
relief
/ rI5li:f; rI`lif/ n  1 (a) [U] method of carving ormoulding in which a design stands out from a flat surface浮雕（法）: in high/low relief, ie with the background cut out deeply/shallowly 深[浅]浮雕. (b) [C] design or carving made in this way 浮雕图; 浮雕品.  2 [U] (in drawing, etc) appearance of being done in relief by the use of shading, colour etc （绘画等中）凸现（用明暗、 色彩等方法造成的如浮雕般的效果）: (fig 比喻) The hills stood out in sharp relief against the dawn sky. 拂晓时, 群山的轮廓在天空的映衬下显得很突出. * The MI5 scandal throws the security issue into stark relief, ie draws attention to its real nature. 英国安全局丑闻发生後, 安全问题显得格外突出.  3 [U] differences of height between hills and valleys, etc 山和山谷等的高度的差异: a re`lief map 地形图 * The relief is clearly shown on this plan. 在这张平面图上, 地势的起伏表示得很清楚.
relief map 
map showing hills, valleys, etc either by shading or by their being moulded in relief （用晕渲法或凸现法显示山、 山谷等的）地形图.
relieve
/ rI5li:v; rI`liv/ v [Tn]  1 lessen or remove (pain, distress, anxiety, etc) 减轻或解除（痛苦、 困苦、 忧虑等）: relieve suffering, hardship, etc among refugees 解除难民的痛苦、 苦难等 * This drug will relieve your discomfort. 这种药可减轻你的病痛.  2 ~ oneself (euph 婉) empty one's bladder or bowels 解小便或大便.  3 provide aid or assistance for (people in need, a disaster area, etc) 给（需要帮助者、 灾区等）提供帮助或救援: relieve famine in Africa 救济非洲的饥荒灾区 * The bypass relieves traffic jams in our city centre. 这条旁道缓解了我们城市中心的交通阻塞情况.  4 introduce variety into (sth) 调剂（某事物）: relieve the tedium/boredom/monotony of waiting 调剂等候时的乏味[无聊/单调] * Not a single tree relieved the flatness of the plain. 平原上单调得毫无变化, 连一棵树都没有.  5 release (sb) from a duty or task by taking his place (or finding sb else to do so) 接替（某人）工作; 将（某人）从岗位上轮换下来: relieve the guard/the watch 给卫兵[警卫]换岗 * relieve a sentry, workmate, driver 接替一哨兵、 同事、 司机 * I'm to be relieved at six. 六点钟有人来换我的班.  6 end or raise the siege of (a town, fort, etc) 给（某城市、 要塞等）解围.  7 (idm 习语) relieve one's `feelings make one's emotions easier to bear by weeping, shouting, behaving violently, etc 发泄感情（如藉哭、 叫、 粗暴行为等）.  8 (phr v) relieve sb of sth (a) (fml 文) take (a burden, responsibility, etc) away from sb 解除某人的（负担、 责任等）: relieve Mr Brett of his post as manager 解除布雷特先生的经理职务 * The general was relieved of his command. 这位将军的指挥权被解除了. (b) (joc 谑) carry, take charge, etc of sb's personal effects 替某人拿、 照管...私人财物: Let me relieve you of your coat and hat. 让我替你拿外衣和帽子吧. (c) (infml joc 口, 谑) rob sb of sth 抢　或盗取某人的某物: The thief relieved him of his wallet. 那小偷把他的钱包偷走了.
relieved 
adj feeling or showing relief(1) （感到或显出）宽慰的, 放心的: a relieved smile, look, expression, etc 宽慰的笑容、 样子、 表情等 * We were/felt relieved to hear you were safe. 我们听说你平安无恙而如释重负.
religion
/ rI5lIdVEn; rI`lIdVEn/ n  1 [U] belief in the existence of a god or gods, who has/have created the universe and given man a spiritual nature which continues to exist after the death of the body 宗教信仰.  2 [C] particular system of faith and worship based on such a belief 宗教: the Christian, Buddhist and Hindu religions 基督教、 佛教和印度教 * practise one's religion 用自己的宗教信仰指导行动.  3 [sing] (fig 比喻) controlling influence on one's life; sth one is devoted or committed to 支配自己生活的大事; 一心追求的或务必做到的事情: Football is like a religion for Bill. 对比尔来说, 足球就是他天大的乐趣. * make a religion of always being punctual 把遵守时间奉为圭臬.
religious
/ rI5lIdVEs; rI`lIdVEs/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of religion 宗教的; 宗教上的: religious worship, belief, faith 宗教礼拜、 信仰 * a religious service 宗教仪式.  2 (of a person) believing in and practising a religion; devout （指人）笃信宗教的, 虔诚的.  3 [attrib 作定语] of a monastic order 苦修会的: a religious house, ie a monastery or convent 苦修院.  4 (fig 比喻) scrupulous or conscientious 审慎的; 认真的: pay religious attention to detail 对细节一丝不苟 * be religious in one's observance of protocol 十分讲究礼节.
religiously 
adv  1 in a religious(2) way 虔诚地.  2 (fig 比喻) scrupulously or conscientiously; regularly 审慎地; 认真地; 有规律地: I followed the instructions religiously. 我认真地按指示办事. * She phones him religiously every day. 她每天照例给他打电话.
religiousness 
n [U].
relinquish
/ rI5lINkwIF; rI`lINkwIF/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] give up or cease to practise, feel, etc (sth); abandon 不再采取（某行动）; 不再有（某种感觉）; 放弃: relinquish the struggle for power 放弃追求权力的斗争 * relinquish bad habits 戒除坏习惯 * He had relinquished all hope that she was alive. 他已经放弃了她还活著的一切希望.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give up or renounce (a claim, etc); surrender sth 放弃（要求等）; 让出某事物: relinquish a right, privilege 放弃权利、 特权 * She relinquished possession of the house to her sister. 她把房子的所有权让给了她的妹妹. * relinquish a post to one's successor 把职位让给接替自己的人.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (used esp in the expressions shown 尤用於以下示例) cease to hold (sb/sth); release 松手放开（某人[某物]）; 放松: relinquish one's grip (on sb/sth) 松手放开（某人[某物]） * relinquish one's hold (on sb/sth) 松手放开（某人[某物]）.
reliquary
/ 5relIkwErI; ?@ -kwerI; `rZlE9kwZrI/ n containerfor a relic or relics of a holy person 盛放圣者遗骨或遗物的容器; 圣骨箱; 圣物箱.
relish
/ 5relIF; `rZlIF/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sth) great enjoyment of food, etc; zest （美食等的）享受; 滋味; 美味; 乐趣: eat, drink with (great) relish 津津有味地吃、 喝 * She savoured the joke with relish. 她对这个笑话很感兴趣.  2 [U] (used esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句中) attractive quality; appeal 兴趣; 吸引力; 感染力: Tennis loses its relish when one gets old. 人老了就觉得打网球没意思了. * Routine office jobs have no relish at all for me. 我对坐办公室那种刻板的工作毫无兴趣.  3 [C, U] spicy or strongly-flavoured appetizer served with plain food （有香料或辛辣调料的）开胃小菜, 调味品（加於淡味食物上）: cucumber, sweetcorn, etc relish, ie for hamburgers, etc 黄瓜、 甜玉米等调味品（汉堡包等中的）. Cf 参看 pickle 1, sauce 1.
relish 
v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] enjoy or get pleasure out of (sth) 享受（某事物）; 从（某事物）中获得乐趣: relish a meal, drink, joke 津津有味地吃饭、 喝饮料、 听笑话 * I don't relish having to get up so early. 我可不乐意这麽早就起床.
relive
/ 9ri:5lIv; ri`lIv/ v [Tn] go through (an experience, a period of time, etc) again, esp in one's imagination 再体验（某种经历）, 再经历（某时期）（尤指在想像中）: relive the horrors of war 再体验战争的恐怖 * I relived that fateful day over and over in my mind. 我在思想上不断地重温著那决定不幸命运的日子.
relocate
/ 9ri:lEU5keIt; ?@ 9ri:5lEUkeIt; ri`loket/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from...) (to...) move (sb/sth) to, or build (sth) in, another place 将（某人[某物]）迁往别处; （在新地方）重建（某物）: We're relocating just south of Newcastle. 我们将迁往纽卡斯尔南部. * The company is to relocate its headquarters in theMidlands. 公司将把总部迁往英格兰中部. 
relocation
/ 9ri:lEU5keIFn; 9rilo`keFEn/ n [U]: the relocation of industry 工业区的迁移 * [attrib 作定语] relocation allowances, expenses, eg for those taking up a new job in a different area 搬迁津贴、 搬迁费（如发给调往新地方工作之人员的）.
reluctant
/ rI5lQktEnt; rI`lQktEnt/ adj ~ (to do sth) unwilling and therefore slow to co-operate, agree, etc 不情愿的; 勉强的: a reluctant helper, recruit, admirer 勉强来帮忙的人、 勉强入伍的新兵、 勉强说好话的人 * She was very reluctant to admit the truth. 她很不情愿地承认了这事实. 
reluctance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]: She made a great show of reluctance, but finally accepted our offer. 她对我们的建议做出极不满意的样子, 但最後还是接受了. * He left us with (some) reluctance. 他（有些）依依不舍地离开了我们. reluctantly adv: After much thought, we reluctantly agreed. 我们考虑再三之後, 勉强同意了.
rely
/ rI5laI; rI`laI/ v (pt, pp relied) [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb/sth (to do sth)  1 count or depend on sb/sth 指望或依赖某人[某事物]: Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us. 现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作. * I relied on you(r) coming early. 我指望你早来. * You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend. 你放心好了, 本周末一定下雨. * She cannot be relied on to tell the truth. 别指望她能说真话.  2 have trust or confidence in sb/sth 信任或信赖某人[某事物]: You can rely on me to keep your secret. 你尽管相信我一定为你保密.
remain
/ rI5meIn; rI`men/ v (usu not used in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态)  1 [I] be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩下; 剩余; 遗留: After the fire, very little remained of my house. 火灾过後, 寒舍所剩无几. * If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains. 8减3剩5. * The fact remains that she was lying. 事实表明她说的是假话. * leave the remaining points for our next meeting 余下的各点留待下次会议再议.  2 [It] (fml 文) be left to be seen, done, said, etc 留待以後去看、 去做、 去说等: It remains to be seen (ie We shall know later) whether you are right. 你是否正确, 以後可见分晓. * Much remains to be done. 要做的事情还很多. * Nothing remains except for me to say goodbye. 最後我该说一声再见了.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp fml 尤作庄重语) stay in the same place; stay behind 停留; 逗留; 留下: I remain in London until May. 我在伦敦一直呆到五月. * The aircraft remained on the ground. 那飞机仍停在地面. * She left, but I remained (behind). 她走了, 我没走.  4 [La, Ln] continue to be; stay in the same condition 仍然是; 保持不变: remain standing, seated, etc 一直站著、 坐著等 * He remained silent. 他保持沉默. * Let things remain as they are. 一切保持现状吧. * In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best of friends. 他们尽管吵过架, 却仍不失为最好的朋友.
remainder
/ rI5meIndE(r); rI`mendL/ n  1 (usu 通常作 the remainder) [Gp] remaining people, things or time; the rest 剩下的人、 事物或时间; 剩余部分: Ten people came but the remainder stayed away. 来了十个人, 其余的没来. * We spent the remainder of the day sightseeing. 这天剩下的时间我们到各处观光.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (mathematics 数) quantity left after subtraction or division 差数; 余数: Divide 2 into 7, and the answer is 3, (with)  remainder 1.  2除7, 商3余1. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3.  3 [C] number of copies of a book left unsold after demand has almost ceased （某书因滞销而积压的）全部剩余册数: [attrib 作定语] a remainder merchant 买卖剩余图书的书商.
remainder 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] sell (unsold copies of a book) at a reduced price 削价出售（滞销的某书）.
remains
/ rI5meInz; rI`menz/ n [pl]  1 what is left after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩余物; 残余: the remains of a meal, a chicken 吃剩下的饭、 鸡 * the remains of a defeated army 败军的残余部队 * I rescued the remains of my slipper from the dog. 我从那狗的口中夺回了我拖鞋的残留部分.  2 ancient buildings, etc that have survived when others were destroyed; ruins （古建筑等的）遗迹, 遗址, 废墟: the remains of an abbey, of ancient Rome 寺院、 古罗马的遗迹.  3 (fml 文) dead body; corpse 遗体; 遗骸: His mortal remains are buried in the churchyard. 他的遗体埋葬在教堂的墓地里. * Investigators found a trench containing human remains. 调查人员发现一条沟中有人的尸体. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3.
remake
/ 9ri:5meIk; ri`mek/ v (pt, pp remade / -meId;-`med/) make (esp a film) again or differently 重新制作（尤指影片）; 改造; 重做.
remake 
/ 5ri:meIk; `ri9mek/ n thing remade 重制之物; 改制品: produce a remake of the 1932 original 重新摄制 1932 年原拍的影片.
remand
/ rI5mB:nd; ?@ -5mAnd; rI`mAnd/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] send (an accused person) back (from a lawcourt) into custody, esp while further evidence is being gathered 将（被告）还押（尤指为进一步搜集证据时）: The accused was remanded in custody for a week. 被告还押候审一星期.
remand 
n [U]  1 remanding or being remanded 还押; 押候: [attrib 作定语] a remand prisoner 还押候审的犯人.  2 (idm 习语) on remand in a state of being remanded 还押中: prisoners on remand 还押中的犯人 * detention on remand 还押监禁.
remand centre, remand home 
(Brit) place where young offenders are sent temporarily 青少年拘留所.
remark
/ rI5mB:k; rI`mBrk/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ on/upon sth/sb say or write (sth) by way of comment; observe 谈论或评论（某事物）; 评述: I couldn't help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那麽年轻. * The similarity between them has often been remarked on. 他们之间很相似, 这是常有人提到的事. * `I thought it was odd,' he remarked. ｀我觉得很奇怪,＇他说. * Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意.  2 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) take notice of (sth/sb); perceive 注意到（某事物[某人]）; 察觉: remark the likeness between father and son 注意到父子之间的相似之处.
remark 
n  1 [C] thing said or written as a comment; observation 评论; 评述; 注意; 察觉: pointed, cutting (ie sarcastic) remarks 直言不讳的、 尖刻的评论 * make a few remarks about sb/on a subject 讲几句有关某人[某问题]的话 * In the light of (ie Considering) your remarks, we rejected her offer. 鉴於你的评语, 我们拒绝了她的提议.  2 [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) notice 注意: Nothing worthy of remark happened. 没有发生值得注意的事.
remarkable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj ~ (for sth) worth noticing or unusual; exceptional 值得注意的; 不寻常的; 独特的: a remarkable person, feat, event, book 出类拔萃的人、 非凡的业绩、 引人瞩目的事件、 特别好的书 * a boy who is remarkable for his stupidity 笨得出奇的男孩. 
remarkably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
remarry
/ 9ri:5mArI; ri`mArI/ v (pt, pp -ried) (a) [I] marry sb different 再婚: The widower did not remarry. 那鳏夫未曾再娶. (b) [Tn] marry (sb) again 与（某人）复婚: She remarried her former husband ten years after their divorce. 她与原来的丈夫离婚十年後又复婚了. 
remarriage 
/ 9ri:5mArIdV; ri`mArIdV/ n.
remedy
/ 5remEdI; `rZmEdI/ n ~ (for sth)  1 [C] (fml 文) treatment, medicine, etc that cures or relieves a disease or pain 　除或减轻病痛的治疗（法）、 药物等: a popular remedy for flu, toothache, cramp 流感、 牙痛、 痉挛的常用疗法 * I often use herbal remedies. 我常用草药治病. * The remedy seems worse than the disease. 这种疗法比疾病本身更让人难受.  2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) means of countering or removing sth undesirable 纠正、 矫正或消除某不良事物之方法: seek a remedy for injustice 寻求纠正不公之办法 * He found a remedy for his grief in constant hard work. 他找到了排忧解愁的方法, 就是一刻不停地努力工作. * The mistake is beyond/past remedy, ie cannot be put right. 这个错误是无法补救的.
remedial 
/ rI5mi:dIEl; rI`midIEl/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 providing, or intended to provide, a remedy or cure治疗的; 纠正的; 矫正的; 补救的: undergo remedial treatment/therapy, eg for backache 接受缓解治疗[疗法]（如治疗背痛） * take remedial measures against unemployment 采取对付失业现象的补救措施.  2 (of education) for slow learners or pupils suffering from disadvantages （指教育）（为後进学生提供）辅导的, 补习的: remedial classes, lessons, groups, etc 补习班、 课、 小组等 * a remedial French course/a course in remedial French 法语补习课程.
remediable 
/ rI5mi:dIEbl; rI`midIEbl/ adj that can be remedied 可治疗的; 可纠正的; 可矫正的; 可补救的.
remedy 
v (pt, pp -died) [Tn] provide a remedy for (sth undesirable); rectify 治理（不良事物）; 纠正; 补救: remedy injustices, mistakes, losses, deficiencies 消除不公、 纠正错误、 弥补损失、 克服缺点 * The situation could not be remedied, ie saved. 情况已无可挽救.
remember
/ rI5membE(r); rI`mZmbL/ v (not usu used in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态)  1 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt, Tg, Tsg, Cn.n/a] have or keep (sth) in the memory; recall to one's memory 记著或记住（某事物）; 回想起: If I remember rightly the party starts at 8 pm. 我记得聚会是在下午8点开始. * Have you met my brother? Not as far as I remember. 你见过我弟弟吗? 我不记得见过他. * I can't/don't remember his name. 我想不起他的名字了. * Robert's contribution should also be remembered. 罗伯特的贡献同样应该久志不忘. * Remember (that) we're going out tonight. 别忘了我们今晚出去. * Do you remember where you put the key? 你记得你把钥匙放在什麽地方了吗? * Remember (ie Don't forget) to lock the door. 别忘了锁门. * I remember posting the letters, ie I have the memory of doing so in my mind. 我记著得寄信. * I remember his objecting to the scheme. 我记得他曾经反对该计画. * I remember her (ie picture her in my mind) as a slim young girl. 我想起她那时还是个苗条的少女.  2 [Tn] give money, etc to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）钱等: Please remember (ie Don't forget to tip) the waiter. 别忘了给服务员小费. * remember sb in one's will 在遗嘱中给某人遗赠 * Auntie Jill always remembers my birthday, eg with a card or present. 吉尔姨在我的生日总送给我礼物.  3 [Tn] ~ oneself (fml 文) stop behaving badly 约束自己的言行: Bill, remember yourself! Don't swear in front of the children. 比尔, 注意检点! 别在孩子们面前骂人.  4 [Tn] mention or commemorate (sb), esp in one's prayers 提及或纪念（某人）（尤指在祈祷中）: remember the sick, the old and the needy 为病人、 老人、 穷人祈祷 * a church service to remember the war dead 为纪念战争中的死难者而举行的宗教仪式.  5 (phr v) remember sb to sb pass greetings from one person to another 代某人向他人问候: Please remember me to Jenny. 请代我问候珍妮. * He asked me to remember him to you. 他要我代他向你问好.
remembrance
/ rI5membrEns; rI`mZmbrEns/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] remembering or being remembered; memory 记忆; 回忆; 记性: have no remembrance of sth 不记得某事物 * a service in remembrance of those killed in the war 纪念战争中死难者的仪式.  2 [C] thing given or kept in memory of sb/sth; memento 纪念物; 纪念品: He sent us a small remembrance of his visit. 他送给我们一件他观光的小纪念品.
Remembrance Sunday 
(Brit) (nearest Sunday to) 11 November, on which those killed in the wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 are commemorated 阵亡将士纪念日（纪念在1914-1918和1939-1945两次大战中的死难者, 时间在11月11日或最临近该日的星期日）. Cf 参看 Armistice Day (armistice).
remind
/ rI5maInd; rI`maInd/ v  1 [Tn, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten 提醒（某人）注意某事或做某事: Do I have to remind you yet again? 还需要我再次提醒你吗? * That (eg What you've just said, done, etc) reminds me. I must feed the cat. 对了, 我该喂猫了（如你刚说的话、 刚做的事等提醒了我）. * Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable. 旅客须知要服用预防疟疾药. * I reminded her how much the fare was. 我提醒她车票的价钱. * Remind me to answer that letter. 提醒我回覆那封信.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sb/sth cause sb to remember or be newly aware of sb/sth 使某人回想起或意识到某人[某事物]: He reminds me of his brother. 我见到他便回想起了他的哥哥. * This song reminds me of France. 我一听到这首歌就想起了法国.
reminder 
n  1 thing which reminds sb of a fact or person 使某人回想起某事或某人的事物; 帮助记忆或起提醒作用的东西: The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchill's greatness. 这尊塑像使人永远缅怀邱吉尔的伟大功绩.  2 way of reminding sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事的方式; 提示: send, give sb a gentle reminder, eg to pay a bill 婉言提醒某人（如付帐） * The waiters were clearing the tables, which served as a reminder that it was time to leave. 服务员在收拾桌子, 提醒顾客该走了.
reminisce
/ 9remI5nIs; 9rZmE`nIs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth/sb) think or talk about past events and experiences, usu with enjoyment 缅怀过去或叙谈往事（通常为愉快地）; 回忆; 话旧.
reminiscence
/ 9remI5nIsns; 9rZmE`nIsns/ n  1 [U] recalling of past events and experiences; reminiscing 回忆; 话旧; 怀旧.  2 reminiscences [pl] spoken or written account of one's remembered experiences 经验谈; 回忆录: reminiscences of my youth 我青年时代的回忆.
reminiscent
/ 9remI5nIsnt; 9rZmE`nIsnt/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth reminding one of or suggesting sb/sth 使人回想或联想起某人[某事物]: His style is reminiscent of Picasso's. 他的艺术风格很像毕加索的.  2 having a tendency to reminisce 怀旧的; 好缅怀往事的:in a reminiscent mood 以怀旧的心情. 
reminiscently
adv.
remiss
/ rI5mIs; rI`mIs/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) careless of one's duty; lax 玩忽职守; 松懈; 马虎: You have been very remiss in fulfilling your obligations. 你一向太不负责了. * It was remiss of her to forget to pay the bill. 她忘了付帐, 真粗心大意. 
remissly 
adv: act very remissly 做得极马虎. 
remissness 
n [U].
remission
/ rI5mIFn; rI`mIFEn/ n  1 [U] pardoning or forgiveness of sins by God （上帝对罪恶的）宽恕, 赦免.  2 [U, C] (a) shortening of a prison sentence because of good behaviour （囚犯因表现良好而获得的）刑期减免, 减刑: get (a) remission of six months/six months' remission 获减刑六个月. (b) freeing from a debt, payment, penalty, etc; exemption （债务、 费用、 处分等的）免除, 豁免: gain remission from tax payments 获准免税 * remission of exam fees 考试费的免除.  3 [U] lessening or weakening (of pain, disease, etc) （病痛等的）缓解, 减轻: slight remission of a fever 体温的稍退.
remit
/ rI5mIt; rI`mIt/ v (-tt-) (fml 文)  1 [Tn esppassive 尤用於被动语态] (a) refrain from inflicting (a punishment, etc) 赦免（惩罚等）; 宽恕: His prison sentence has been remitted. 他的监禁刑罚已获得赦免. (b) cancel (a debt, payment, penalty, etc) 取消（债务、 费用、 处罚等）: The taxes have been remitted. 税款已免除. * Your fees cannot be remitted. 你的费用不能免除.  2 [Tn] make (sth) less intense; relax 使（某事物）缓和; 放松: We must not remit our efforts. 我们不可松劲.  3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (money, etc) to a person or place, esp by post 汇（款等）: Remit a fee, cheque, payment, etc 汇寄费用、 支票、 款项等 * Kindly remit us the balance without delay. 请立即将余额寄来. * Remit the interest to her new address. 将利息寄到她的新地址.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (law 律) send (a matter to be decided) to an authority 将（待决事项）提交当局处理: The case has been remitted from the appeal court to a lesser tribunal. 此案已由上诉法庭转给下级法庭处理.
remittance 
/ -ns; -ns/ n  1 [U] remitting of money 汇款.  2 [C] sum of money remitted 所汇的款项: return the completed form with your remittance 把填写好的表格连同汇款一并寄回.
remittent
/ rI5mItnt; rI`mItnt/ adj (of a fever or disease) becoming less severe at intervals （指发烧或疾病）弛张的, 忽轻忽重的.
remnant
/ 5remnEnt; `rZmnEnt/ n  1 (often pl 常作复数) (a) small remaining quantity or part or number of things or people （事物或人）剩余的小部分, 余下的数量: remnants of a meal 残羹剩饭 * the remnants of a shattered army 被击溃的军队的残余部分. (b) (fig 比喻) surviving trace of sth 遗留的痕迹: remnants of one's former glory 自己过去的光荣见证. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3.  2 small piece of cloth or carpet left over from a roll and sold at a reduced price （减价出售的布料或地毯织料的）零头: [attrib 作定语] a remnant sale 布头的减价出售.
remold
(US) =>retread.
remonstrance
/ rI5mCnstrEns; rI`mBnstrEns/ n [U] (fml 文) remonstrating; protest 抗议; 抱怨; 反对.
remonstrate
/ 5remEnstreIt; ?@ rI5mCnstreIt; rI`mBnstret/ v [Ipr] ~ with sb; ~ against sth (fml 文) make a protest or complaint about sb/sth 对某人[某事物]提出抗议; 抱怨: I remonstrated with him about his rudeness. 他粗暴无礼, 我给他提了意见. * remonstrate against cruelty to children 反对虐待儿童.
remorse
/ rI5mR:s; rI`mRrs/ n [U]  1 ~ (for sth) sense of deep and bitter regret for having done sth wrong 悔恨; 懊悔; 自责: He was filled with remorse for having refused to visit his dying father. 他因不肯去看他垂死的父亲而深怀内疚. * In a fit of remorse she burnt all her lover's letters. 她在一阵悔恨之中把情人的信都烧了. * The prisoner shows no remorse for his crimes. 那囚犯对其罪行毫无悔改之意.  2 mercy or pity; compunction 慈悲; 怜惜 (used esp with the prep shown 尤与以下示例中之介词连用): The captives were shot without remorse. 这些俘虏惨遭枪杀.
remorseful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj filled with remorse(1)悔恨的; 懊悔的; 自责的: a remorseful confession, mood 痛悔的自白、 心情. 
remorsefully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
remorsefulness 
n [U].
remorseless 
adj  1 without mercy or pity 无慈悲心的; 无同情心的: remorseless cruelty 残酷无情的虐待.  2 that does not slacken; relentless 不放松的; 持续的: a remorseless urge, ambition, etc 永无休止的欲望、 野心等. remorselessly adv: The police pursued the criminal remorselessly. 警方追捕那罪犯毫不松劲. * Drugs drove him remorselessly to an early death. 毒品毫不留情, 过早地夺去了他的生命.
remote
/ rI5mEUt; rI`mot/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) ~ (from sth) far away from other communities, houses, etc; isolated （与其他社区、 房子等）远离的, 遥远的, 隔离的: a remote region, village, farmhouse, etc 偏僻的地区、 村子、 农舍等 * in the remotest (ie most distant) parts of Asia 在亚洲的最偏远的地方 * in a house remote from any town or village 在远离任何城镇或村庄的房子里. (b) [attrib 作定语] far away in time （时间上）遥远的, 久远的: in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去[未来]. (c) [attrib 作定语] distant in relationship or kinship （亲属关系）远的: a remote ancestor of mine 我的远祖. (d) ~ (from sth) separate (in feeling, interest, etc); not connected (with sth) （感情、 关注的事等方面）距离很大的; （与某事物）无关的: Your comments are rather remote from the subject we are discussing. 你的评论跟我们正谈的问题关系不大. * remote causes, effects, etc 不相干的原因、 後果等.  2 (of a person or his manner) cold and unfriendly; aloof （指人或态度）冷淡的, 疏远的, 漠不关心的.  3 small; slight 微小的; 轻微的: a remote possibility/chance 微乎其微的可能性[机会] * I haven't the remotest idea who did it. 是谁做的我一点都不知道. * The connection between the two events is remote. 这两件事之间没有什麽联系.
remotely 
adv (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句中) to a very small or slight degree （程度）极微地, 极轻地: It isn't remotely possible that you will be chosen to go. 挑选你去的可能性并非很小. * The essay isn't even remotely relevant to the topic. 这篇文章毫不切题.
remoteness 
n [U].
remote control 
control of an apparatus, eg a model aircraft, car, etc, from a distance, usu by radio or electrical signals 遥控: The bomb was exploded by remote control. 这颗炸弹是遥控引爆的. * [attrib 作定语] a remote control panel, eg for switching channels on a TV set 遥控器（如电视机转换频道用的）.
remould
=>retread.
remount
/ 9ri:5maUnt; ri`maJnt/ v  1 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] get on (a horse, bicycle, etc) again 重新骑上（马、 自行车等）.  2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] go up (a ladder, hill, etc) again 再次登（梯、 山等）.  3 [Tn] put (a picture, photograph, etc) on a new mount 重新装裱（画片、 照片等）.
remount 
/ 5ri:maUnt; `ri9maJnt/ n fresh horse for a rider 为骑马者新配备的马.
remove
/ rI5mu:v; rI`muv/ v  1 (esp fml 尤作庄重语) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) take sth/sb away from one place to another 将某物[某人]移到别处; 移开: remove the dishes (from the table) （从餐桌上）撤去碗碟 * remove one's hand from sb's shoulder 把放在某人肩上的手移开 * The statue was removed to another site. 塑像已挪到另一地方. * They were removed from the English class, eg to have special lessons. 他们已从英语班转走（如上专设课）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) dismiss sb from a post, etc 免去某人的职务等: remove a diplomat from office 免除一外交官的职务 * He was removed from his position as chairman. 他被撤去主席的职务. (c) [Tn] take off (clothing, etc) from the body 脱下（衣服等）: remove one's hat, coat, gloves, etc 摘下帽子、 脱掉大衣、 摘下手套 * remove the bandages/plaster from sb's arm 解掉某人手臂上的　带[揭掉某人臂膀上的橡皮膏].  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (a) get rid of sth by cleaning 去掉或清除某物: remove graffiti from the subway walls 除去人行隧道墙上乱涂乱画的痕迹 * Washo removes stains! Washo一到, 污迹全掉! * She removed her make-up with a tissue. 她用纸巾擦掉脂粉. (b) cause sth to disappear; eliminate sth 使某物消失; 消除某物: remove superfluous hair 剪去多余的毛发 * (fig 比喻) remove problems, difficulties, objections, etc 解决问题、 克服困难、 消除反对意见 * remove doubts, fears, etc from sb's mind 消除某人的疑虑、 恐惧等 * The threat of redundancy was suddenly removed. 裁员的危险顿时消除了.  3 [Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) go to live or work in another place; move 移居; 迁移: We are removing from London to the country. 我们正从伦敦迁往乡下. * Our suppliers have removed to Bath. 我们的供应厂商已迁往巴斯.  4 (idm 习语) once, twice, etc removed (of cousins) belonging to a different generation （指堂、 表亲戚）隔一代、 两代...的: a first cousin once removed, ie a first cousin's child 堂或表兄弟姐妹的子或女.
removable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj (a) that can be removed or detached 可移动的; 可除去的; 可拆卸的: This coffee-maker has two removable parts. 这个煮咖啡器有两个部分, 可以拆开. (b) [pred 作表语] (of a person) that can be dismissed from office （指人）可免职.
removal 
/ -vl; -vl/ n  1 [U] removing or being removed 移动; 迁移; 免职; 去除.  2 [C] transfer of furniture, etc to a different home 搬迁: [attrib 作定语] a re`moval van, firm, specialist, etc 搬迁用车、 公司、 专门人员等.
removed 
adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) (fig 比喻) distinct or different; remote 有区别; 不同; 遥远; 关系远: an accent not far removed from Cockney 与伦敦土话差不多的口音 * an explanation far removed from the truth 与事实相去甚远的解释.
remover 
n  1 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) thing that removes sth 移动或去除某物之物: a stain, paint, nail-varnish, etc remover 污斑、 油漆、 指甲油等清除剂.  2 (esp pl 尤作复数) person or business that moves sb's furniture, etc, to a new house 代人搬迁的业者或公司: a firm of removers 搬运公司.
remove
/ rI5mu:v; rI`muv/ n  1 ~ (from sth) (fml 文) stage or degree of difference or distance (from sth) 差别或距离的阶段或程度; 差距; 间距: Your story is several removes from the truth. 你的说法与事实有些距离. * feel a child's suffering at one remove, ie as a parent 身为父母感受到孩子的痛苦.  2 (Brit) class or division in some schools, esp for pupils of about 14 （某些学校的）班或组（尤指约14岁学生的）.
remunerate
/ rI5mju:nEreIt; rI`mjunE9ret/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) pay or reward sb for work or services 酬报某人（为其工作或服务）.
remuneration 
/ rI9mju:nE5reIFn; rI9mjunE`reFEn/ n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) payment; reward 酬金; 报酬.
remunerative 
/ rI5mju:nErEtIv; ?@ -nEreItIv; rI`mjunE9retIv/ adj profitable 有报酬的; 付酬的; 有利益的: a highly remunerative job, post, position, etc 报酬很高的工作、 职务、 职位等.
renaissance
/ rI5neIsns; ?@ 5renEsB:ns; 9rZnE`sBns/ n  1 the Renaissance [sing] (period of the) revival of art and literature in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, based on classical forms （14、 15、 16世纪的）文艺复兴; 文艺复兴时期: [attrib 作定语] Renaissance art, literature, etc 文艺复兴时期的艺术、 文学等.  2 [C] any similar revival 任何类似的复兴; 再生: Folk music is currently enjoying a renaissance. 民间音乐现在又时兴起来了.
renal
/ 5ri:nl; `rinl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (anatomy 解) of, in or near the kidneys 肾脏的; 肾脏中的; 肾脏部位的: a renal artery 肾动脉 * renal dialysis 肾透析.
rename
/ 9ri:5neIm; ri`nem/ v [Tn, Cn.n] give a new name to (sb/sth); name again 给（某人[某事物]）重新取名; 改名: rename a street, a country, a racehorse 给一条街道、 一个国家、 一匹赛马重新命名 * The ship was renamed (`Nimrod'). 该船已改名（为尼姆罗德号）.
renascent
/ rI5nAsnt; rI`nAsnt/ adj (fml 文) becoming active again; reviving 复兴的; 复活的; 再生的: a renascent interest in medieval times 对中世纪重新产生的兴趣.
rend
/ rend; rZnd/ v (pt, pp rent / rent; rZnt/) (arch or fml 古或文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] tear (sth) apart forcibly; split （用力）撕开或撕裂（某物）; 使分离: rend one's garments, eg (formerly) to show grief or frustration 撕扯自己的衣服（如在旧时表示悲痛或失意之举） * The tiger rent its prey to pieces. 老虎把猎物撕成碎块. * a country rent in two by civil war 由於内战而分裂为两部分的国家 * The stone was rent asunder/apart. 那石块碎裂了. * (fig 比喻) Loud cries rent the air. 吼声冲破云霄. * heart-rending appeals for help 令人心碎的求助.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) pull or wrench sb/sth violently 猛拉或猛夺某人[某物]: Children were rent from their mothers' arms by the brutal soldiers. 凶残的士兵把孩子们从母亲的怀抱中夺走了.
render
/ 5rendE(r); `rZndL/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (to sb) give sth in return or exchange, or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换; 回报; 归还: render homage, obedience, allegiance, etc 表示敬意、 顺从、 效忠等 * a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金 * render good for evil 以德报怨 * render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱 * render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务 * render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助 * render thanks to God 感谢上帝.  2 [Tn] present or send in (an account) for payment 递交或开出（帐单）: account rendered 50 开出50英镑的帐单.  3 [Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处於某种状况: rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策 * Your action has rendered our contract invalid. 你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失效.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give a performance of (music, a play, a character, etc); give a portrayal of (sb/sth) in painting, etc 演奏（音乐）; 演出（戏剧）; 扮演（角色）; 以绘画等表现（某人[某物]）: The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好. * `Othello' was rendered rather poorly. 《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好. * The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) express sth in another language; translate sth 翻译某事物: How would you render `bon voyage' (into English)? bon voyage怎样翻译（成英语）? * Rendering poetry into other languages is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的.  6 [Tn] cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底: render walls 在墙上抹底灰.  7 (idm 习语) render an account of oneself, one's behaviour, etc (fml 文) explain or justify what one has said, done, etc 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.  8 (phr v) render sth down make (eg fat, lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、 猪油等）熬成油; 熔化某物. render sth up (fml 文) hand over or surrender sth; yield sth 移交或交出某物; 放弃某事物: render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、 城市等被敌人占领 * (fig 比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, ie died. 他魂归天国了.
rendering 
/ 5rendErIN; `rZndErIN/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) performing a piece of music or a dramatic role 演奏; 演唱; 扮演; 表演: a moving rendering of a Brahms song 勃拉姆斯歌曲动人的演唱 * his rendering of Hamlet 他扮演的哈姆雷特.  2 [C, U] (instance of) translating (sth written) （文字的）翻译; 译文: a Spanish rendering/a rendering in Spanish of the original Arabic 阿拉伯文的西班牙文译文.  3 [C] first layer of plaster (on stone or brick) （石或砖上）打底的灰泥, 底灰.
rendezvous
/ 5rCndIvu:; `rBndE9vu/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变 / -z; -z/)  1 ~ (with sb) (place chosen for a) meeting at an agreed time 约会; 约会地点: arrange/make a rendezvous with Bill at the pub at two o'clock 与比尔约定两点钟在酒馆会面.  2 place where people often meet （经常的）聚会处: This cafe is a rendezvous for writers and artists. 这家小餐馆是作家和艺术家经常聚会的地方.
rendezvous 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) meet (sb) at a rendezvous 与（某人）在约定地点相会: The two platoons will rendezvous (with each other) in the woods as planned. 这两个排按计画在树林里会合.
rendition
/ ren5dIFn; rZn`dIFEn/ n (fml 文) way in which a dramatic role or piece of music, etc is performed; rendering （戏剧角色或音乐作品等的）表演, 扮演, 演奏, 演唱, 演出: give a spirited rendition of a Bach chorale 充满生气地演唱巴赫的众赞歌.
renegade
/ 5renIgeId; `rZnI9^ed/ n (fml derog 文, 贬)  1 person that deserts a cause, political party, religious group, etc （事业、 政党、 宗教团体等的）背叛者, 叛党者, 叛教者, 叛徒, 变节分子: [attrib 作定语] a renegade priest, spy, soldier 背教的牧师、 叛变的间谍、 倒戈的士兵.  2 any outlaw or rebel 亡命徒; 造反者: bands of renegades in the mountains 山区的匪帮.
renege (also renegue) 
/ rI5ni:g, rI5neIg; rI`ni^, rI`ne^/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) fail to keep a promise, one's word, etc 违背诺言等; 食言; 背信.  2 [I] (in card-games) revoke(2) （纸牌戏中）有牌而违例不跟.
renew
/ rI5nju:; ?@ -5nu:; rI`nu/ v  1 [Tn] replace (sth) with sth new of the same kind 将（某物）换成新的; 更新（某物）: renew worn tyres, bearings, brake-blocks, etc 更换磨损的轮胎、 轴承、 闸瓦等 * renew the water in the goldfish bowl 给金鱼缸换水 * renew (ie replenish) one's stock of coal 补充煤的储存量 * The light bulb needs renewing. 灯泡该换新的了.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) put new life and vigour into (sb/sth); restore 赋予（某人[某事物]）新的生命和活力; 使复元: work with renewed enthusiasm 以新的热情工作 * The brandy renewed his strength/energy. 他喝了白兰地後就又恢复了体力. * After praying, I felt spiritually renewed. 我祷告之後觉得精神焕然一新. * Her kindness made him regard her with renewed affection. 她十分体贴, 使他对她重生情愫.  3 (a) [Tn] take up or begin (sth) again, eg after a break or pause; resume 重新做或开始（某事物）（如中断或休止之後）; 恢复: renew an attack 重新发起进攻 * We renewed our journey the next day. 次日我们继续旅行. * renewed outbreaks of terrorist violence 恐怖分子的暴行又卷土重来 * renew one's efforts/attempts to break a record 为破纪录而再接再厉. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb/sth) make or form sth again; re-establish sth 重新缔造或重又形成某事物; 重建: renew a friendship, relationship, acquaintance, etc 重新建立友谊、 关系等 * The pilot renewed contact with the control tower. 飞行员同指挥塔恢复了联系. (c) [Tn] say or state (sth) again; reaffirm 再说或重述（某事物）; 重申: renew a request, complaint, criticism, protest 再次提出要求、 申诉、 批评、 抗议 * We renewed our marriage vows. 我们又一次重复了我们的婚誓. * I renewed my offer of help. 我重申愿给予帮助.  4 [Tn] arrange for (sth) to be valid without a break; extend 使（某事物）延期, 续期, 延长, 延伸: renew a passport, permit, lease, contract 延长护照、 许可证、 租约、 合同的期限 * renew one's subscription to a journal, membership of a club, etc 续订一份刊物、 办理俱乐部会员的延期手续 * renew one's library books (ie extend the period during which one can borrow them) for another week 把图书馆的书续借一周.
renewable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be renewed (renew 4) 可延长有效期的; 可续期的: Is the permit renewable? 这个许可证可以延期吗?
renewal 
/ -5nju:El; ?@ -5nu:El; -`nuEl/ n  1 [U] renewing or being renewed 更新; 恢复; 重新开始; 重建; 重申;续期: Any renewal of negotiations will be welcomed. 为恢复谈判的任何做法都值得欢迎. * urban renewal, eg clearing slums to build better housing 市区的重建（如改造贫民区） * [attrib 作定语] the renewal date, eg of a library book, licence, lease, etc 续期日（如图书、 执照、 租约等）.  2 [C] act of renewing 更新; 恢复; 重建; 延期: We've dealt with several renewals this week. 我们本周内处理了几件续约的事.
rennet
/ 5renIt; `rZnIt/ n [U] substance used to curdle milk in making cheese and junket 凝乳　.
renounce
/ rI5naUns; rI`naJns/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] (a) agree to give up ownership or possession of (sth), esp formally 同意放弃（某事物）的所有权或占有权（尤指正式地）: renounce a claim, title, right, privilege 宣布放弃要求、 头衔、 权利、 特权. (b) give up (esp a habit) voluntarily; abandon 自愿放弃（尤指习惯）; 抛弃: renounce strong drink, cigarettes, dangerous driving 戒酒、 戒烟、 改掉危险驾驶的习惯 * They've renounced their old criminal way of life. 他们已改变了过去那种罪恶的生活方式. * I soon renounced all thought of getting home before dark. 我不久就完全打消了天黑以前赶到家里的想法.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) reject or stop following sb/sth; repudiate sb/sth 摈弃或背弃某人[某事物]; 拒绝承认: renounce Satan and all his works 摈弃撒旦及一切罪恶 * renounce terrorism, drugs, etc 唾弃恐怖主义、 毒品等 * renounce a treaty, an agreement, etc废除条约、 协定等 * renounce one's earlier ideals, principles, convictions, etc 背弃原先的理想、 原则、 信仰等 * She renounced Islam for/in favour of Christianity. 她不再信伊斯兰教而改信基督教.  3 [Tn] refuse to associate with or acknowledge (esp sth/sb with a claim to one's care, affection, etc) 拒绝与（某事物[某人]）发生联系; 与（某事物[某人]）断绝关系: renounce a friendship 绝交 * He renounced his son (as an unworthy heir). 他与儿子断绝了父子关系（认为他不配作继承人）. 
renouncement 
n [U] = renunciation 1.
renovate
/ 5renEveIt; `rZnE9vet/ v [Tn] restore (esp old buildings) to good condition 修复（尤指旧建筑物）; 整修.
renovation 
/ 9renE5veIFn; 9rZnE`veFEn/ n  1 [U] renovating or being renovated 修复; 整修: be under renovation 在修复中 * The college is closed for renovation. 这所学院停课进行整修. * [attrib 作定语] renovation works, plans, schemes, etc 整修作业、 计画、 方案等.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] act of renovating 修复; 整修: The castle will undergo extensive and costly renovations. 那城堡要用钜资进行全面整修.
renovator 
/ -tE(r); -tL/ n.
renown
/ rI5naUn; rI`naJn/ n [U] (fml 文) fame or distinction 名望; 声誉: win renown (as a singer) 获得（歌唱家的）声誉 * an artist of great renown 极有名望的艺术家.
renowned 
adj ~ (as/for sth) famous; celebrated 著名的; 有声望的: renowned as an actress/for her acting 出名的女演员[演技].
rent
/ rent; rZnt/ n  1 [U, C] regular payment made for the use of land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc; sum paid in this way 租金; 地租; 房租; （电话、 机器等的）租赁费: owe three weeks' rent/be three weeks behind with the rent 欠三个星期的租金 * live in a house free of rent, ie without paying rent 住免缴租金的房子 * Non-payment of rent can mean eviction. 不交租金就可能被赶出去. * pay a high/low rent for farming land 缴纳耕地的高昂的[低廉的]地租 * Rents are going up again. 租金又涨了. * [attrib 作定语] a rent book, agreement, collector 租金登记簿、 租赁协定、 收租人.  2 (idm 习语) for rent (esp US) available to be rented 供租用的; 招租的.
rent 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) pay for the occupation or use of (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) 租借或租用（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）: rent a holiday cottage from an agency 向代理公司租用度假村舍 * Do you own or rent your video? 你的录像机是自己的呢, 还是租来的?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ sth (out) (to sb) allow sb to occupy or use (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) in return for payment 将（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）出租给某人: Mr Hill rents this land (out) to us at 500 a year. 希尔先生把这块地租给我们, 租金每年500英镑. * Will you rent me this television? 你把这台电视机租给我行吗? =>Usage at let2 用法见let2.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for sth) be let at a specified rent 以一定租金出租: The building rents at 3000 a year. 这座建筑物以每年 3000 英镑的租金出租. * (US) an apartment renting for $900 a month 每月租金为 900 美元的一套公寓.
rentable 
adj that can be rented or that yields a rent 可出租的; 可收租金的.
rental 
/ 5rentl; `rZntl/ n  1 [C] amount of rent paid or received 缴付或收取的租金数额: pay a telephone rental of 20 a quarter 每季度缴付电话租金20英镑.  2 [U] renting 租赁: [attrib 作定语] rental charges 租赁费.
rent-free 
adj, adv for which no rent is charged不收租金（的）: a ,rent-free `house 不收租金的房子 * occupy rooms rent-free 占用不收租金的房间.
rent rebate 
rebate of rent payable, given by a local authority to low wage-earners, esp council tenants 租金减免款（地方当局给予低工资者的）.
rent
/ rent; rZnt/ n torn place in cloth, etc; tear; split （布的）破裂处; 撕裂; 破裂: (fig 比喻) The sun shone through a rent in the clouds. 太阳透过云间的缝隙照射出来.
rent
pt, pp of rend.
renunciation
/ rI9nQnsI5eIFn; rI9nQnsI`eFEn/ n  1 [U] (also renouncement) (formal declaration of) giving sth/sb up; renouncing 放弃; 断绝联系; 拒绝承认; 放弃权利或断绝关系的声明: the king's renunciation of the throne 国王之宣布退位.  2 [U] habit of renouncing things; self-denial 忘我; 克己: the virtues of renunciation 忘我的美德.
reopen
/ 9ri:5EUpEn; ri`opEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) open again after closing or being closed for a while（使某事物）再开, 再开始, 再打开: School/Parliament reopens next week. 下周学校复课[议会复会]. * reopen a shop under a new name 使某商店换个招牌重开张 *reopen a discussion/debate/dialogue 重新开始讨论[辩论/对话] * The murder inquiry/case/trial was reopened. 对此谋杀案的调查[审理/审讯]重新开始了. * (fig 比喻) reopen old wounds, ie cause suffering by referring to painful experiences, disagreements, etc in the past 揭旧伤疤（提及以往的苦难经历、 争吵等使人痛苦）.
reorder
/ 9ri:5R:dE(r); ri`RrdL/ v  1 [I, Tn] order (sth) again; order fresh supplies of (sth) 再订购（某物）; 添加订购（同类的某物）.  2 [Tn] put (sth) in a new order; rearrange 重新整理或排列（某物）; 重安排: reorder the furniture 重新布置家具.
reorder 
n demand for more or fresh supplies 再订购; 添加订购: put in a reorder for Oxford dictionaries 添购牛津词典 * [attrib 作定语] a reorder form 重新订购单.
reorganize, reorganise
/ 9ri:5R:gEnaIz; ri`Rr^E9naIz/ v [I, Tn] organize (sth) again or in a new way 重新组织、 改组或整顿（某事物）. 
reorganization, reorganisation
/ 9ri:9R:gEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; ri9Rr^EnE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].
rep (also repp) 
/ rep; rZp/ n [U] textile fabric with a corded effect, used in upholstery and curtains 棱纹平布（用作家具被覆材料及帘幕）.
rep
/ rep; rZp/ n (infml 口) = representativen 2: working as a rep for a printing firm 做印刷公司的营业代表.
rep
/ rep; rZp/ n (infml 口) = repertory: act/appear in rep 在轮演剧目中演出.
Rep
abbr 缩写 = (US)  1 Representative (in Congress).  2 Republican (party). Cf 参看 Dem.
repaid
pt, pp of repay.
repair
/ rI5peE(r); rI`pZr/ v [Tn]  1 restore (sth damaged or badly worn) to good condition 修理或修补（某物）: repair a road, puncture, watch, shirt 修路、 补洞、 修表、 补衬衣.  2 put right or make amends for (sth); remedy 纠正或修正（某事物）; 补救: repair an error, omission, etc 修正错误、 弥补疏漏 * repair a broken marriage使破裂的夫妻关系和好 * Can the damage done to international relations be repaired? 国际关系受到的损害还能够弥补吗? Cf 参看 fix1 4, mend 1.
repair 
n  1 [U] restoring or being restored to good condition 修理; 修补: a road under repair 维修中的道路 * The vase was (damaged) beyond repair, ie could not be repaired. 这个花瓶已（破得）不能修复了. * [attrib 作定语] a bike repair shop 自行车修配店.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sth) act or result of repairing 修理; 修补: The shop is closed for repairs, ie while repair work is being done. 该店停止营业进行整修. * Heel repairs while you wait, eg in a shoe shop. 修理鞋後跟, 当时修好.  3 (idm 习语) in good, bad, etc re`pair; in a good, bad, etc state of re`pair in good, bad, etc condition 维修良好、 失修: keep a car in good repair 对汽车善为保养 * The house is in a shocking state of repair. 这所房子亟须维修.
repairable 
/ -rEbl; -rEbl/ adj that can be repaired 可修理的; 可补救的.
repairer 
n person who repairs things 修理者; 修理工: a watch repairer 修表匠.
repair
/ rI5peE(r); rI`pZr/ v [Ipr] ~ to... (fml or rhet 文或修辞) visit, esp frequently or in large numbers 去, 赴（尤指经常地或成群地）: repair to seaside resorts in the summer 经常前往海滨胜地避暑 * Let's repair to the pub. 咱们大夥上酒馆去吧.
reparable
/ 5repErEbl; `rZpErEbl/ adj (fml 文) (of a loss, etc) that can be made good （指损失等）可补救的, 可弥补的. Cf 参看 repairable (repair1).
reparation
/ 9repE5reIFn; 9rZpE`reFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] ~ (for sth) compensating for damage; making amends for loss 补偿; 赔偿: make reparation (to God) for one's sins （向上帝）赎罪.  2 reparations [pl] compensation for war damages, demanded from a defeated enemy （向战败者索取的）赔偿, 赔款: exact heavy reparations 索取巨额赔款.
repartee
/ 9repB:5ti:; 9rZpBr`ti/ n [U]  1 (skill in making) sharp clever retorts 机智而巧妙的应答或反驳; 巧辩的才能: be good at (the art of) repartee 善於巧辩.  2 conversation, dialogue, etc consisting of such retorts 妙语如珠的对话、 对答等: indulge in brilliant, witty, etc repartee 热中於巧妙、 机智等的对答 * The repartee flew back and forth across the dinner table. 宴会上妙语连珠对答如流.
repast
/ rI5pB:st; ?@ rI5pAst; rI`pAst/ n (fml 文) meal 餐; 饭食: partake of a light, sumptuous, etc repast 参加便宴、 盛宴等.
repatriate
/ ri:5pAtrIeIt; ?@ -5peIt-; ri`petrI9et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) send or bring sb back to his own country 将某人遣送回国: repatriate refugees, prisoners-of-war, immigrants, etc to their homeland 把难民、 战俘、 外来移民等遣送回国. 
repatriation 
/ 9ri:ptrI5eIFn; ?@ ri:9peIt-; ri9petrI`eFEn/ n [U].
repay
/ rI5peI; rI`pe/ v (pt, pp repaid / rI5peId; rI`ped/)  1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) pay (money) back; refund sth 付还（钱）; 偿还某物: repay a debt, mortgage, loan, etc 清偿债务、 抵押借款、 贷款等 * If you lend me 2, I'll repay it (to you) tomorrow. 你要是借给我两英镑, 我明天就还（给你）. (b) [Tn, Dn.n] pay (sb) back; reimburse 将钱付还给（某人）; 偿还: Has she repaid you (the 2)? 她把（那两英镑）钱还给你了吗?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sth (with sth) give sb sth in return (for a service); reward sb/sth 以某物酬报某人; 报答某人[某事物]: How can I ever repay (you for) your kindness? 我怎麽能报答你的恩惠呢? * The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus. 公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力.
repayable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can or must be repaid 可偿还的; 应偿还的; 应报答的.
repayment 
n  1 [U] repaying 偿还; 付还; 回报: bonds due for repayment 到期应偿还的债券 * repayment for your services, efforts 对你提供的服务、 做出的努力的酬报.  2 [C] thing repaid 偿还或回报之物; 付还之款: make two more repayments to clear the debt 再付两笔款把债还清 * Repayments can be spread over two years. 偿还款项可分期於两年偿清. * mortgage/loan repayments 抵押借款[贷款]的偿还款项.
repeal
/ rI5pi:l; rI`pil/ v [Tn] withdraw (a law, etc) officially; revoke 废止（法规等）; 撤消; 取消. 
repeal 
n [U].
repeat
/ rI5pi:t; rI`pit/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] say or write (sth) again once or more than once; reiterate 重复说或写（某事物）; 反覆重申: I repeat: the runway is not clear for take-off. 我再说一遍: 跑道尚未畅通, 不能起飞. * repeat a comment, promise, demand 重复一个评论、 承诺、 要求 * Am I repeating myself? ie Did I say this before? 我以前说过这件事吗? * She repeated what she had said. 她重复了自己说过的话. (b) [Tn] do or make (sth) again once or more than once 重做或重复（某事物）: repeat an action, attempt, attack 重做一动作、 重复一尝试、 再次发动进攻 * Such bargain offers can't be repeated. 这麽便宜的价钱不会再有了. * She repeated the waltz as an encore, eg at a piano recital. 她应听众的要求把华尔兹舞曲又演奏了一遍（如在钢琴独奏会上）. (c) [I, Tn] ~ (itself) occur again once or more than once 重复发生; 反复出现: a repeating decimal 循环小数 * Does history/the past repeat itself? ie Do similar events or situations recur? 历史[过去的事件]还会重演吗? （类似的事情或情况还会发生吗?）  2 (a) [Tn, Tw] say aloud (sth heard or learnt by heart); recite 复述或背诵（某事物）; 朗诵: Repeat the oath after me. 跟著我宣誓. * He repeated her statement word for word. 他一字不差地重复她的话. (b) [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) tell sb else (sth one has heard or been told) 向某人转述（某事物）: His language won't bear repeating, eg because it's too obscene. 他的话别人实在说不出口（如因太下 流）. * Don't repeat what I said (to anyone)  it's confidential. 别把我的话告诉别人--这是秘密.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (of food) continue to be tasted from time to time after being eaten, esp as a result of belching （指食物）吃後仍留有余味（尤指因打嗝）: Do you find that onions repeat (on you)? 你感觉到吃洋葱後口中留有余味吗?  4 [Tn] (commerce 商) supply a further consignment of (sth) 再次供应（某物）: repeat an order, a deal 再次供应同样一批货、 一笔交易.
repeat 
n [C]  1 act of repeating; thing repeated 重复; 反复; 复述; 背诵: a second, etc repeat of a broadcast, TV series, etc 广播节目、 电视系列节目等的第二次...重播 * [attrib 作定语] a repeat performance, showing 重演、 重映 * (commerce 商) a repeat order, ie for another consignment of the same goods （同样货物的）再次订购.  2 (music 音) mark indicating a passage that is to be repeated 反复记号.
repeatable 
adj [usu pred 通常作表语] that can berepeated 可重复; 可复述: His comments are not repeatable,eg because they were rude, obscene, etc. 他的话别人实在说不出口（如因粗俗、 下流等）.
repeated 
adj [attrib 作定语] done, said or occurring again and again 反复做的; 反复说的; 反复发生的: repeated blows, warnings, accidents 多次的打击、 警告、 事故. repeatedly adv again and again 一再; 多次; 反复地: He begged her repeatedly to stop. 他一再求她停下来.
repeater 
n (dated 旧)  1 revolver or rifle that can be fired many times without being reloaded 转轮手枪; 连发步枪.  2 watch or clock that can strike the last quarter hour or hour again 打簧表; 打簧钟.  3 device that repeats a signal 转播器; 中继器; 增音机.
repel
/ rI5pel; rI`pZl/ v (-ll-)  1 [Tn] drive (sb/sth) back or away; repulse 赶走或驱除（某人[某事物]）; 击退: repel an attacker, attack, invasion 击退进攻者、 进攻、 入侵 * (fig 比喻) The surface repels moisture, ie does not allow it to penetrate. 这表层能防潮.  2 [Tn] refuse to accept (sb/sth); spurn 拒绝（某人[某事物]）; 唾弃: She repelled him/his advances, ie discouraged him/them. 她拒绝了他[他的追求]. * She repelled all offers of help. 她断然拒绝一切援助.  3 [I, Tn] push (sth) away from itself by an unseen force 排斥（某事物）: North magnetic poles repel (each other). 磁北极与磁北极互相排斥.  4 [I, Tn] cause a feeling of distaste or disgust in (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）厌恶或反感: Gratuitous violence repels (most people). 无端使用暴力则激起民愤. * His greasy hair repelled her. 他头发油腻很讨她嫌.
repellent 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj  1 ~ (to sb) arousing distaste or disgust; repulsive 令人厌恶的; 使人反感的; 可憎的: the repellent smell of rotting meat 腐肉的难闻气味 * I find his selfishness repellent. 我很讨厌他那麽自私. * The very idea of sniffing glue is repellent to me. 我一想到吸胶毒就感到恶心.  2 that cannot be penetrated by a specified substance 某种物质无法穿透的; 防...的: a water-repellent fabric 防水织物.  n [U]  1 chemical that repels insects 驱虫剂: Rub some of this mosquito-repellent on your legs. 你在腿上搽点驱蚊剂吧.  2 substance used to make fabric, leather, etc waterproof （涂在织物、 皮革等上的）防水剂.
repent
/ rI5pent; rI`pZnt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tg] ~ (of sth) (fml esp religion 文, 尤用於宗教) feel regret or sorrow about (sth one has done or failed to do) 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔、 痛心、 悔悟或忏悔: Repent (of your sins) and ask God's forgiveness. 你要忏悔, 请求上帝宽恕. * He bitterly repented his folly. 他对自己干的蠢事後悔已极. * I repent having been so generous to that scoundrel. 我後悔不该对那坏家伙如此宽宏大量.  2 (idm 习语) marry in haste, repent at leisure => marry.
repentance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] ~ (for sth) regret or sorrow for wrongdoing 懊悔; 痛悔; 悔悟; 悔改; 忏悔: show signs of repentance 表现悔改之意.
repentant 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showing repentance 感到或表示懊悔、 悔悟、 悔改等的: a repentant sinner, expression, mood 表示悔改的罪人、 神情、 心情 * repentant of his folly （他）对自己愚蠢的行为感到懊悔.
repercussion
/ 9ri:pE5kQFn; 9ripL`kQFEn/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] indirect effect or result (esp unpleasant) of an event, etc; consequence （间接的）影响（尤指不良的）; 後果: His resignation will have serious repercussions on/for the firm. 他辞职一事对公司影响很大. * the endless repercussions of living on credit 靠赊欠过日子的无穷後患.  2 (a) [U] recoil after an impact （碰撞後）弹回. (b) [C] thing thrown back, esp a sound; echo 被弹回的或反弹的事物; （尤指）回响, 回声.
repertoire
/ 5repEtwB:(r); `rZpL9twBr/ n all the plays, songs, pieces, etc which a company, actor, musician, etc knows and is prepared to perform （某一艺术团体、 演员、 音乐家等可随时演出的）全部节目: extend one's repertoire, ie learn sth new 丰富自己的演出项目（学新节目） * That tune is not in my repertoire. 我演出的节目中没有这个曲子. * (fig 比喻) He has a wide repertoire of dirty jokes. 他一肚子下流笑话.
repertory
/ 5repEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `rZpL9tRrI/ (also infml 口语作 rep) n  1 [U] performance of various plays for short periods by one company (instead of one play for a long time with changes of cast) 轮演剧目（一剧团的多项剧目在短期的轮换演出）: act/work in repertory 参加轮演剧目演出 * play repertory for two years 演出两年轮演剧目 * [attrib 作定语] a repertory actor 参加轮演剧目演出的演员.  2 [C] (fml 文) = repertoire.
repertory company 
permanent company in which each actor plays a variety of parts in a number of plays 轮演剧目剧团.
repertory theatre 
theatre in which repertory is performed 上演轮演剧目的剧院.
repetition
/ 9repI5tIFn; 9rZpI`tIFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] repeating or being repeated 重复; 反复; 重说; 重写; 重做; 背诵: learn by repetition 反复学习. (b) [C] act of repeating; recurrence 重复; 反复; 重说; 重写; 重做; 背诵: after numerous repetitions 经多次反复 * Let there be no repetition of this behaviour, ie Don't do it again. 别再干这种事了.  2 [C] copy or replica 复制件; 副本; 拷贝: a repetition of a previous talk 前次会谈的副本.
repetitious 
/ 9repI5tIFEs; rZpI`tIFEs/, repetitive/ rI5petEtIv; rI`pZtItIv/ adjs (usu derog 通常作贬义) characterized by repetition 重复的; 反复的: a repetitivejob, tune 重复性的工作、 反复的曲调 * repetitive questions 翻来复去的老问题. 
repetitiously, repetitively 
advs. 
repetitiousness, repetitiveness 
ns [U].
rephrase
/ 9ri:5freIz; ri`frez/ v [Tn] say (sth) again in different words, esp to make the meaning clearer 换用词语说（某事）（尤指深入浅出）: rephrase a remark, question, point, etc 改换措辞说清一段话、 一问题、 一要点等.
repine
/ rI5paIn; rI`paIn/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against sth) (fml 文) feel or show discontent; fret 不满; 埋怨; 发牢骚; 苦恼: repine at one's misfortune 哀怨自己的不幸 * repine against Fate 抱怨命运女神.
replace
/ rI5pleIs; rI`ples/ v  1 [Tn] put (sth) back in its place 将（某物）放回原处: replace the book on the shelf 把书放回书架上 * replace the receiver, ie after telephoning 把听筒放回原处（打电话後）.  2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] take the place of (sb/sth) 代替, 取代（某人[某事物]）: Robots are replacing people on assembly lines. 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人. * Can anything replace a mother's love? 有什麽东西能代替母爱吗? * His deputy replaced him as leader. 他的副手接替他当了领导.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) provide a substitute for sb/sth 更换、 替换某人[某事物]: He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不称职, 必须撤换. * replace a broken window (with a new one) （用新窗户）更换破了的窗户.
replaceable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be replaced 可回归原位的; 可代替的; 可更换的.
replacement 
n  1 [U] replacing or being replaced 回归原位; 代替; 更换: the replacement of worn parts 磨损零件的更换.  2 [C] ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces another 代替或替换他者的人或事物: find a replacement for Sue (ie sb to do her work) while she is ill 苏珊生病时找个代她工作的人 * [attrib 作定语] replacement staff 替补人员.
replay
/ 9ri:5pleI; ri`ple/ v [Tn]  1 play (eg a football match that was drawn) again 重新（比赛）（如足球赛之平局後）.  2 play (sth recorded) again on a tape-recorder, video recorder, etc 重放（录音、 录像等）.
replay 
/ 5ri:pleI; `ri9ple/ n  1 replayed match 重赛.  2 replaying of a recorded incident or sequence in a game, etc （录制内容的）重放: an action replay of a penalty kick 罚点球镜头的重放.
replenish
/ rI5plenIF; rI`plZnIF/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill sth again 再将某物充满: Let me replenish your glass, eg with more wine. 我给你把杯子再斟满吧. * replenish one's wardrobe 添置衣服.  2 [Tn] get a further supply of (sth) 补充某物: replenish one's stocks of pet food, timber, notepaper, light bulbs 添置宠物的食物、 木材、 信纸、 灯泡. 
replenishment 
n [U].
replete
/ rI5pli:t; rI`plit/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文)  1 well-fed or full; gorged 饱食; 吃饱喝足: lions replete with their kill 捕获猎物後吃得饱饱的狮子 * feel replete after a large meal 吃一大顿饭後觉得很饱.  2 well stocked or supplied 备足的; 供应充分的: a house replete with every modern convenience 现代化设备一应俱全的房子.
repletion 
/ rI5pli:Fn; rI`pliFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) state of being replete(1) 充满; 充足; 饱足: be full to repletion 很饱.
replica
/ 5replIkE; `rZplIkE/ n (a) exact copy, esp one made by an artist of one of his own pictures, etc 精确的复制品（尤指出自图画等之原作者之手的）. (b) model, esp one made on a smaller scale 模型; （尤指）按比例缩小的复制品: make a replica of the Eiffel Tower 制作埃菲尔铁塔的模型.
replicate 
/ 5replIkeIt; `rZplEket/ v [Tn] (fml 文) be or make a copy of (sth); reproduce 复现或复制（某物）; 再制造; 再生出: The chameleon's skin replicates the pattern of its surroundings. 变色龙的皮肤可随环境改变颜色. 
replication 
/ 9replI5keIFn; 9rZplE`keFEn/ n [U].
reply
/ rI5plaI; rI`plaI/ v (pt, pp replied) (a) [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (with sth) say or make an answer, in speech or writing; respond （以口头或书面形式）回答, 答覆: fail to reply to a question, letter, accusation 未能回答问题、 回信、 抗辩指控 * I replied with a short note. 我回了一封短信. * `Certainly not,' she replied. ｀当然不行,＇她答道. * He replied that he was busy. 他答称很忙. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (to/with sth) give an answer in the form of an action; respond （以行动）作答, 回答: He replied with a nod. 他点了点头作为回答. * The enemy replied to our fire, ie fired back at us. 敌人向我方还击.
reply 
n  1 [U] act of replying 回答; 答覆: She made no reply. 她没有回答. * What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量, 他作何反应?  2 [C] what is replied; response 回答; 答覆: get/have/receive several replies to an advertisement 收到回应广告的来信 * [attrib 作定语] a reply-paid telegram, envelope, etc, ie paid for by the sender or addressee 已付回电费的电报、 邮资已付的回邮信封. Cf 参看 answer1.
report
/ rI5pR:t; rI`pRrt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a] ~ (on sb/sth) (to sb/sth); ~ sth (to sb) give a spoken or written account of (sth heard, seen, done, studied, etc); describe （以口头或书面形式）报告或报道（所闻、 所见、 所做、 研究所得等）; 记述; 叙述: report on recent developments 报告近况 * report (on) progress made 报告所取得的进展 * report a debate, strike, kidnapping 报道辩论情况、 罢工事件、 绑架事件 * Tom reported his discoveries to the professor. 汤姆向教授汇报了自己的发现. * I reported how he had reacted. 我把他的反应做了汇报. * She reported (her) having seen the gunman. 她叙述说曾看见那持枪歹徒. * The doctor reported the patient fit and well. 医生说患者情况良好.  2 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a] make (sth) known, esp by publishing or broadcasting; announce 公布（某事物）（尤指藉出版或广播）; 发布; 宣告: Police reported the closure of the road/that the road was closed. 警方宣布那条道路禁止通行. * The poll reported Labour to be leading. 民意测验显示工党领先. * They reported sighting the plane. 他们宣称看见了那架飞机. * The judge reported the case closed. 法官宣布结案. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) work as a reporter 从事新闻报道工作; 当记者: report for the Times, the BBC, etc 任《泰晤士报》、 英国广播公司等记者.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb/sth (to sb) make a formal complaint or accusation about (an offence or offender) 告发; 举报: report an official for insolence 告一公职人员傲慢无礼 * report a burglary, car crash, fraud, etc to the police 因失窃、 汽车车祸、 受人诈骗等向警方报案 * report sb/sb's lateness to the manager 向经理告发某人[某人迟到一事].  4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) for sth present oneself as arrived, returned, ready for work, etc 报到; 复命: report to the receptionist/reception (eg in a hotel) for one's room key 向接待员[接待处]报到以索取房间钥匙（如在旅馆中） * report for duty at 7 am 上午7点钟报到上班. (b) [La, Cn.n/a] declare or show oneself or sb to be in a certain state or place 宣布或表明自己或某人处於某种状况或身在某处: report sick, absent, fit 表明有病、 缺席、 健康 * The child was reported missing (ie was said to have disappeared) on Friday. 据说那孩子星期五失踪了. * The officer reported his men in position. 那军官报告其部下已到位.  5 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be responsible to a certain person or department that supervises one's work 对上司或上级部门负责: All representatives report (directly) to the sales department. 所有营业代表均须向销售部（直接）承担责任.  6 (phr v) report back (from sth) return 归来报到: The officer reported back from leave on Sunday night. 那军官於星期日晚上报到销假. report back (to sb/sth) give a spoken or written account of sb/sth one has been asked to investigate 将调查的某人[某事物]的情况做口头或书面报告: He was requested to report back to the committee about/on the complaint. 委员会要求他对投诉事件做出调查报告.
reportage 
/ 9repR:5tB:V, also rI5pR:tIdV; 9rZp9Rr`tBV, rI`pRrtIdV/ n [U] (typical style of) reporting news for the media 新闻报道; 报道文体: the skilful reportage of sports journalists 体育记者十分拿手的报道工作.
reportedly 
adv according to reports (report 1) 据报道; 据说: The star is reportedly very ill. 据说该明星病重.
reporter 
n person who reports news for the media 记者; 新闻通讯员: press/TV/radio reporters 报刊[电视台/广播电台]记者 * an on-the-spot reporter, ie one who is at the scene of the event 现场记者. Cf 参看 journalist (journal).
reported speech 
= indirect speech (indirect).
report
/ rI5pR:t; rI`pRrt/ n  1 [C] spoken or written account of sth heard, seen, done, studied, etc, esp one that is published or broadcast （口头或书面的）报告, 报道（尤指经传播媒介发表者）: reliable, conflicting, detailedreports 可靠的、 互相矛盾的、 详细的报道 * positive/negative reports 持肯定[否定]态度的报道 * produce, submit, draw up regular progress reports 提出、 呈交、 写出定期的进度报告 * a report on the state of the roads, eg from an automobile association 路况报告（如汽车协会提出者） * a firm's annual, monthly, etc reports, ie on its profitability 公司的年度、 月度等报告（关於营利情况的） * `law reports, ie written records of trials, etc in the lawcourts 案例报告（法庭办案等情况的书面记录） * radio/TV/press reports on the crash 广播电台[电视台/报刊]对这一碰撞事故的报道.  2 [C] (Brit) periodical written statement about a pupil's or an employee's work and conduct （学生的）成绩报告单; （雇员的）工作鉴定书: a `school report 学生成绩报告单 * get a good report from one's boss 得到老板的好评.  3 (a) [U] (fml 文) common talk or rumour 传闻; 谣言: Report has it that..., ie People are saying that... 据说.... (b) [C] piece of gossip 流言蜚语; 道听途说: I have only reports to go on. 我的依据只是谣传而已.  4 [U] (fml 文) way in which sb/sth is spoken of; repute 名誉; 名声: be of good/bad report 名声好[坏].  5 [C] explosive sound, like that of a gun being fired （似枪炮声的）爆炸声: the sharp report of a pistol, firework, etc 手枪、 爆竹等的尖锐的响声 * The tyre burst with a loud report. 轮胎砰的一声巨响爆裂了.
report card 
(US) school report 学生成绩报告单.
repose
/ rI5pEUz; rI`poz/ v (fml 文)  1 [I] rest; lie 休息; 躺: repose from toil 劳累後休息一下 * The picture shows a nude reposing on a couch. 这幅画表现的是一个人赤身　体躺在长沙发上. * Beneath this stone repose the poet's mortal remains, ie lies the poet's corpse. 在此石块下面埋葬著诗人的遗骸.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sb/sth lay (an arm, etc) on sb/sth for support 将（手臂等）靠在某人[某物]上: repose one's head on a cushion 把头靠在垫子上.
repose 
n [U] (fml 文)  1 rest; sleep 休息; 睡眠: disturb sb's repose 打扰某人的休息 * Her face is sad in repose. 她在睡眠时脸上显露出忧伤.  2 (a) peaceful state; tranquillity 安静; 安宁: win repose after months of suffering 经历几个月的苦难才获得安宁. (b) ease of manner; composure 安详; 沉静: He lacks repose. 他这人心浮气躁.
reposeful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj calm; quiet 平静的; 安静的.
repose
/ rI5pEUz; rI`poz/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth/sb (fml 文) place (trust, etc) in sb/sth 将（信赖等）寄托於某人[某事物]: He reposed too much confidence in her/her promises. 他过於相信她[她的诺言].
repository
/ rI5pCzItrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`pBzE9tRrI/ n  1 place where things are stored or may be found, esp a warehouse or museum 贮藏或存放物品之处所; （尤指）仓库, 栈房, 博物馆: a furniture repository 家具贮藏室.  2 (fig 比喻) person or book that receives and stores confidences, secrets, information, etc 可信任的人; 心腹; 知己; 知识宝库: My father is a repository of interesting facts. 我父亲有说不完的趣事. * My diary is the repository of all my hopes and plans. 我在日记中记载著我的一切希望和计画.
repossess
/ 9ri:pE5zes; 9ripE`zZs/ v [Tn] regain possessionof (esp hire-purchase goods or mortgaged property on which repayments have not been kept up) 收回（尤指未按分期付款规定付款的货物或抵押物）: repossess furniture 收回未按分期付款规定付款的家具 * repossess a flat, site, smallholding, etc （因抵押借款人未按分期还款规定付款, 贷款人）收回公寓、 建筑用地、 小农田等. 
repossession 
/ 9ri:pE5zeFn; 9ripE`zZFEn/ n [U].
repp
= rep1.
reprehend
/ 9reprI5hend; 9rZprI`hZnd/ v [Tn] (fml 文) criticize or rebuke (sb or sb's behaviour) 批评或指责（某人或某人的行为）.
reprehensible 
/ 9reprI5hensEbl; 9rZprI`hZnsEbl/ adj(fml 文) deserving to be reprehended 应受指责的: Your conduct/attitude is most reprehensible. 你的行为[态度]的确应该受到批评. 
reprehensibly 
/ -sEblI; -sEblI/ adv.
represent
/ 9reprI5zent; 9rZprI`zZnt/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a]make an image of or show (sb/sth) in a picture, sculptureor play; depict （在绘画、 雕塑或戏剧中）表现（某人[某事物]）; 描绘; 塑造: The picture represents a hunting scene. 这是一幅行猎图. * The king is represented as a villain in the play. 在这出剧中把国王刻画成一个反面人物.  2 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] describe (sb/sth), often misleadingly, as having a certain character or qualities 将（某人[某事物]）（常指歪曲性地）描述为有某特点或性质: Why do you represent the matter in this way? 你为什麽把这事说成这样? * He represented himself as anexpert. 他把自己说成是专家. * The risks were represented as negligible. 把这麽冒险的事说得微不足道. * I am not what you represent me to be. 我不是像你说的那种人.  3 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) state sth as a protest or appeal 陈述某事物（作为抗议或申诉）: represent the rashness of a plan, the seriousness of an accusation 抗议某计画过於粗率、 某指控过於严厉 * They represented their grievances to the Governor. 他们向总督申诉冤情. * The barrister represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable. 讼务律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常.  4 [Tn] (a) stand for or be a symbol or equivalent of (sb/sth); symbolize 代表, 象徵, 等於（某人[某事物]）; 标志: Phonetic symbols represent sounds. 语音符号是标音的符号. * What does x represent in this equation? 这个方程式中的x代表什麽? * The rose represents England. 玫瑰花是英格兰的象徵. (b) be an example or embodiment of (sth); typify 是（某事物）的一个例子; 体现（某事物）; 作为...典型: This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music. 这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向. * Fonteyn represents the best traditions of ballet. 芳廷承袭了芭蕾舞艺术的最优秀的传统.  5 [Tn] be the result of (sth); correspond to 是（某事物）的结果; 相当於: This new car represents years of research. 这种新型汽车是多年研究的成果. * A wage rise of 5% represents an annual increase of 250 for the lowest-paid workers. 工资提高5%对收入最低的工人来说相当於全年收入增加250英镑.  6 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] act as a substitute or deputy for (sb) 作为（某人）的代表或代理人: The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador. 英国大使代表女王参加了葬礼. (b) [Tn, Dpr.f] act as a spokesman for (sb) 作为（某人）的代言人: Members (ie of Parliament) representing Welsh constituencies 代表威尔士各选区的国会议员 * Our firm is represented in India by Mr Hall. 我公司驻印度代表是霍尔先生. * Who is representing you (ie acting as your lawyer) in the case? 这一案中谁是你的辩护律师? * He represented to the court that the accused was very remorseful. 他代被告向法庭陈情说被告十分懊悔.
representation 
/ 9reprIzen5teIFn; 9rZprIzZn`teFEn/ n  1 [U] act of representing or state of being represented表现; 表示; 代表; 代理: The firm needs more representationin China. 这家公司需要在中国多设些代理机构. * effective representation (ie in Parliament) of voters' interests （在议会中）代表选民利益的反映.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing, esp a picture, sculpture or play, that represents sb/sth 表现某人[某事物]的事物; （尤指）图画, 雕塑, 戏剧: stained-glass representations of saints 彩色玻璃的圣徒画像 * an unusual representation of Hamlet 在演出上别具一格的《哈姆雷特》.  3 (idm 习语) make representations to sb (fml 文) protest or appeal to sb (about sth) （就某事物）向某人提出抗议或呼吁: make representations to the council about the state of the roads 就路况问题提请市政当局解决 * The ambassador made forceful representations to the White House. 该大使向白宫提出了强烈抗议.
represent
/ 9ri:prI5zent; 9riprI`zZnt/ v [Tn] submit (a cheque, bill, etc) again for payment 再提交或递送（支票、 帐单等）.
representative
/ 9reprI5zentEtIv; 9rZprI`zZntEtIv/ adj  1 ~ (of sb/sth) (a) serving to show or portray a classor group 有代表性的; 典型的: Is a questionnaire answeredby 500 people truly representative of national opinion? 一份调查问卷有500人作答, 是否能真正代表全国人民的意见? (b) containing examples of a number of types 包含多种类型的样品的: a representative sample, selection, survey, etc 有多种类型的样品、 锦集、 调查等 * a representative collection of British insects 英国各类昆虫的标本.  2 consisting of elected deputies; based on representation by these 由选出之代表组成的; 代议制的: representative elections, governments, institutions 代议制的选举、 政府、 机构.
representative 
n ~ (of sb/sth)  1 typical example of a class or group 典型; 有代表性的人或事物: Many representatives of the older generation were there. 老一辈的各类人都在那里.  2 (also infml 口语作 rep) (commerce 商) agent of a firm, esp a travelling salesman （公司的）代理者; （尤指）派出的推销员: act as sole representatives of XYZ Oil 充当XYZ石油公司的总代理.  3 (a) person chosen or appointed to represent1 (6) another or others; delegate 代表他人的人; 代表: the Queen's representative at the ceremony 参加典礼的女王代表 * send a representative to the negotiations 派代表参加谈判. (b) person elected to represent othersin a legislative body （被选入立法机构的）代表: our representative (ie MP) in the House of Commons 我们在下议院的代表.
repress
/ rI5pres; rI`prZs/ v [Tn]  1 (a) restrain or suppress (an impulse); check 约束或抑制（冲动）; 压抑: repress an urge to scream 强忍著不喊出来 * repress a sneeze, smile, cough 强抑著不打喷嚏、 不笑、 不咳嗽 * He repressed his natural sexual desires as sinful. 他压抑著本能的性欲, 视之为罪恶. (b) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause (sb) to restrain or suppress emotion, thoughts, etc 使（某人）在感情、 思想等上受压抑: His childhood was repressed and solitary. 他童年经受到压抑很孤独.  2 (a) prevent (a revolt, etc) from breaking out; quell 防止（暴乱等）; 平息; 镇压: All protest is brutally repressed by the regime. 一切抗议活动都遭到当局的野蛮镇压. (b) prevent (sb) from protesting or rioting; subjugate 防止（某人）反对或作乱; 压制: The dictator represses all opposition as illegal. 这个独裁者把所有反对他的活动均视为非法加以镇压.
repressed 
adj suffering from suppression of the emotions 受压抑的.
repression 
/ rI5preFn; rI`prZFEn/ n  1 [U] repressing or being repressed 约束; 抑制; 压抑; 压制; 镇压.  2 (psychology 心) (a) [U] action of forcing desires and urges, esp those in conflict with accepted standards of conduct, into the unconscious mind, often resulting in abnormal behaviour 压抑: sexual repression 性欲的压抑. (b) [C] desire or urge repressed in this way 被压抑的欲望或冲动.
repressive 
/ rI5presIv; rI`prZsIv/ adj tending to repress; harsh or severe 抑制的; 压制的; 严厉的; 严格的: a repressive regime, tendency, law 严酷的政权、 压抑的倾向、 严厉的法律 * Parliament condemned the repressive measures taken by the police. 议会谴责了警方采取的镇压措施. 
repressively 
adj. 
repressiveness 
n [U].
reprieve
/ rI5pri:v; rI`priv/ v [Tn]  1 postpone or cancel a punishment for (sb), esp the death sentence 缓期执行或撤消对（某人）的惩罚（尤指死刑）: reprieve a condemned prisoner 缓期执行已决犯的死刑.  2 (fig 比喻) give temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc to (sb/sth) 暂时缓解（某人[某事物]）的危险、 困难等: The tree that was due to be cut down has been reprieved for six months. 原定砍伐的那棵树已经推迟六个月再砍.
reprieve 
n  1 (a) [U] postponement or cancellation of a punishment, esp the death sentence 刑罚（尤指死刑）的缓期执行或撤消: the reprieve of the hostages 对人质的暂缓处决. (b) [C] order for this to happen 缓刑令（尤指死刑的）: grant (sb) a reprieve/a reprieve to sb 准许（某人）缓期受刑 * The prisoner won a last-minute reprieve. 那囚犯在临刑前获得了缓刑.  2 [U, C] (fig 比喻) temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc （危险、 因难等的）暂时缓解.
reprimand
/ 5reprImB:nd; ?@ -mAnd; `rZprE9mAnd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) rebuke sb (for a fault, etc), esp officially 训斥、 申斥或斥责某人（尤指对下属）.
reprimand 
n [C, U] rebuke, esp an official one 训斥, 申斥, 斥责（尤指对下属）: receive a stiff, severe, sharp, etc reprimand 受到严厉的、 严格的、 尖刻的...训斥 * His negligence passed without reprimand. 他玩忽职守并未受到斥责.
reprint
/ 9ri:5prInt; ri`prInt/ v (a) [Tn] print (a book, etc) again, with few or no changes 重印, 再版（书等）. (b) [I] (of a book, etc) be printed again （指书等）重印, 再版: The dictionary is reprinting with minor corrections. 这部词典稍作修改後正在重印.
reprint 
/ 5ri:prInt; `ri9prInt/ n (a) reprinting or new impression of a book with few or no changes 重印; 再版: The work is into its third reprint. 这部著作已是第三次重印了. (b) such a reprinted book 重印本; 再版本. Cf 参看 edition.
reprisal
/ rI5praIzl; rI`praIzl/ n [C, U] (act of) returning an injury, esp political or military, done to oneself; retaliation 报复（行动）（尤指政治或军事的）: suffer heavy reprisals 遭到严厉的报复 * take reprisals against terrorism 对恐怖主义进行报复 * Civilian targets were bombed in reprisal (for the raid). 轰炸了民用目标作为（对曾受袭击的）报复.
reproach
/ rI5prEUtF; rI`protF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/oneself (for sth) criticize sb/oneself, esp for failing to do sth 责备某人[自己]（尤指因未做成某事）: She reproached him for forgetting their anniversary. 她责备他竟把他们的结婚周年纪念日忘了. * I have nothing to reproach myself for, ie that I need regret. 我问心无愧. (b) ~ sb/oneself (with sth) name a fault as a reason for criticizing sb/oneself 指出过失而责备某人[自己]: reproach the government with neglect 指责政府疏忽.
reproach 
n  1 (a) [U] reproaching 责备: a word, look, sigh of reproach 责备的话、 目光、 叹息. (b) [C] word, remark, etc that reproaches 责备的言词、 话语等: heap reproaches on sb 对某人诸多指责.  2 (a) [U] (fml 文) state of disgrace or discredit 耻辱; 丢脸: bring reproach upon oneself 给自己蒙羞. (b) [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that disgraces or discredits sb/sth 使某人[某事物]蒙羞或丢丑的人或事物: Poverty is/The poor are a constant reproach to our society. 贫穷现象[穷人]是我们社会长期存在的耻辱.  3 (idm 习语) above/beyond reproach perfect; blameless 尽善尽美的; 无可指摘的: Her manners are above reproach. 她的举止无可非议.
reproachful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj expressing reproach(1) 表示责备的: a reproachful look, remark, sigh 表示责备的目光、 话语、 叹息. 
reproachfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv.
reprobate
/ 5reprEbeIt; `rZprE9bet/ adj, n [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) immoral or unprincipled (person) 道德败坏的（人）; 堕落的（人）: have reprobate tendencies 有堕落的倾向 * You sinful old reprobate! 你这个作恶多端的无赖! * He has always been a bit of a reprobate. 他一向不很规矩.
reproduce
/ 9ri:prE5dju:s; ?@ -5du:s; 9riprE`dus/ v  1 [Tn] make a copy of (a picture, etc) 复制（图画等）: This copier can reproduce colour photographs. 这台复印机可复制彩色照片.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (as sth) cause sth to be seen or heard again, or to occur again 再现某事物的形象或声音; 放映或播放某事物: a portrait that reproduces every detail of the sitter's face 把那被画像的人的容貌表现得维妙维肖的画像 * Her stereo system reproduces every note perfectly. 她的立体声音响设备放音效果极佳. * Can this effect be reproduced in a laboratory? 这种效果能在实验室里产生吗? * The computer reproduced the data as a set of diagrams. 计算机用一组图表把那些数据重新显示出来.  3 [I] have a specified quality when copied 达到某种复制效果: Some colours reproduce well/badly. 有的颜色复制效果好[差].  4 [I, Tn] (of humans, animals, insects, etc) produce (offspring) by natural means （指人、 兽、 昆虫等）生殖, 繁殖: Ferns reproduce (themselves) by spores. 蕨类植物用孢子繁殖.
reproducible 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be reproduced 可复制的; 可重现的; 能繁殖的.
reproduction 
/ 9ri:prE5dQkFn; 9riprE`dQkFEn/ n  1 [U] reproducing or being reproduced 复制; 重现; 繁殖:Compact disc recordings give excellent sound reproduction.激光唱片播放的声音保真度很高.  2 [U] process ofreproducing (reproduce 4) 繁殖过程: study reproductionin shellfish 研究水生有壳动物的繁殖方法.  3 [C] thing reproduced, esp a copy of a work of art 复制品（尤指艺术作品的）: Is that painting an original or a reproduction?那幅画是原作还是复制品? * [attrib 作定语] reproductionfurniture, ie made in imitation of an earlier style 仿制的旧式家具.
reproductive 
/ 9ri:prE5dQktIv; 9riprE`dQktIv/ adj of or for reproduction of offspring 生殖的; 繁殖的; 起生殖作用的: reproductive organs, systems, urges 生殖器官、 系统、 欲望.
reproof
/ rI5pru:f; rI`pruf/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (remark, etc expressing) blame or disapproval 责备; 非难; 责备的话语等: administer a stern reproof 给予严厉的斥责 * conduct deserving a stern reproof 应该受到严厉斥责的行为 * Tom swept up the broken glass without a word of reproof to his son. 汤姆把碎玻璃扫乾净, 没说一句责备儿子的话.
reprove
/ rI5pru:v; rI`pruv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) blame or rebuke sb; censure 责备或指责某人; 谴责: The priest reproved people for not coming to church. 牧师责备那些不做礼拜的人.
reproving 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] expressing reproof 表示责备的: a reproving glance, remark, etc 表示责备的一瞥、 话语等. 
reprovingly 
adv.
reptile
/ 5reptaIl; ?@ -tl; `rZptl/ n any of the class ofcold-blooded, egg-laying animals including lizards, tortoises,crocodiles, snakes, etc with relatively short legs or no legs at all 爬行动物（冷血, 卵生, 如蜥蜴、 龟、 鳄鱼、 蛇等）; 爬虫.
reptilian 
/ rep5tIlIEn; rZp`tIlIEn/ adj, n (of or like a) reptile 爬行动物（的）; 爬虫（似的）.
republic
/ rI5pQblIk; rI`pQblIk/ n (country with a) system of government in which supreme power is held not by a monarch but by the (elected representatives of the) people, with an elected President 共和国; 共和政体: a constitutional republic, eg the US, Canada 立宪共和国（如美国、 加拿大）. Cf 参看 monarchy (monarch).
republican
/ rI5pQblIkEn; rI`pQblIkEn/ adj of or like a republic; supporting the principles of a republic 共和国的; 共和政体的; 拥护共和政体的: a republican movement,party, government 共和运动、 党、 政体 * republican sympathies 对共和制的拥护.
republican 
n  1 person favouring republican government 拥护共和政体的人; 共和主义者.  2 Republican member of one of the two main political parties in the US （美国）共和党党员. Cf 参看 democrat 2.
republicanism 
/ -IzEm; -9IzEm/ n [U] (support for) republican principles 共和主义; 共和制; 对共和制的拥护.
Republican Party 
one of the two main political parties in the US （美国）共和党. Cf 参看 Democratic Party (democratic).
repudiate
/ rI5pju:dIeIt; rI`pjudI9et/ v [Tn]  1 refuse to have any more to do with (sb); disown 与（某人）断绝来往; 否认...是自己的: repudiate a son, lover, former friend, etc 与儿子、 情人、 旧友等断绝关系.  2 (a) refuse to accept or acknowledge (sth); reject 拒绝接受或承认（某事物）; 回绝: repudiate a charge, view, claim, suggestion 拒绝一项指控、 一种观点、 一项权利要求、 一项建议 * He utterly repudiated my offer of friendship. 他完全拒绝接受我的友好表示. (b) refuse to abide by (the ruling of an authority or an agreement) 拒不服从（权威）; 拒不遵守（协议）: He repudiated the court's decision to offer bail. 他不接受法庭的保释裁决. * repudiate a treaty, contract, vow, etc 不履行条约、 合同、 誓约等.  3 refuse to discharge (a debt or an obligation) 拒绝偿付（债款）; 拒不履行（义务）. 
repudiation
/ rI9pju:dI5eIFn; rI9pjudI`eFEn/ n [U, C].
repugnant
/ rI5pQgnEnt; rI`pQ^nEnt/ adj ~ (to sb) (a) (fml 文) causing a feeling of strong opposition or dislike; abhorrent 令人厌恶的; 使人极反感的; 讨厌的: I find his racist views totally repugnant. 我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点. * The idea of accepting a bribe was repugnant to me. 我一想到受贿这种事就非常反感. (b) causing a feeling of strong disgust; nauseating 使人作呕的; 恶心的: All food was repugnant to me during my illness. 我生病时吃什麽都恶心.
repugnance 
/ -nEns; -nEns/ n [U] ~ (to sth/doing sth) strong aversion or disgust 厌恶; 强烈的反感; 恶心: She has a deep repugnance to the idea of accepting charity. 她认为接受救济的想法是要不得的. * I cannot overcome my repugnance to eating snails. 吃蜗牛真恶心, 我可受不了.
repulse
/ rI5pQls; rI`pQls/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 drive back (an attacker or an attack) by fighting; repel 击退（进攻者或进攻）; 驱逐.  2 (fig 比喻) (a) refuse to accept (an offer, help, etc); reject 拒绝接受（提议、 帮助等）; 回绝: repulse kindness, sympathy, assistance, etc 拒绝接受好意、 同情、 帮助等 * She repulsed his advances. 他向她求爱, 她拒绝了. (b) discourage (sb making an offer, wanting to help, etc) by being rude or unfriendly; rebuff （粗暴或无礼地）顶回（提议者、 想要给予帮助者等）; 冷落. Cf 参看 repel 1, 2.
repulse 
n [sing]  1 defeat of an attack by fighting 击退.  2 (fig 比喻) rude or unfriendly rejection of an offer, etc; rebuff （对提议等, 粗暴或无礼的）拒绝; 回绝; 冷落: Her request for a donation met with a repulse. 她要求赞助却遭到粗暴拒绝.
repulsion
/ rI5pQlFn; rI`pQlFEn/ n [U]  1 ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of loathing or aversion; disgust 厌恶; 憎恶; 反感: feel repulsion for sb 厌恶某人.  2 (physics 物) tendency of bodies (eg magnetic poles) to repel each other 排斥, 斥力（如磁极的）. Cf 参看 attraction.
repulsive
/ rI5pQlsIv; rI`pQlsIv/ adj  1 causing a feeling of loathing or aversion; disgusting 令人厌恶的; 使人反感的; 讨厌的: a repulsive sight, smell, person 使人厌恶的情景、 气味、 人 * Picking your nose is a repulsive habit. 挖鼻孔这种习惯很讨厌. * The sight of him is repulsive to me. 我一看见他就十分反感.  2 (physics 物) causing repulsion(2); repelling 排斥的; 斥力的: repulsive forces 斥力.
repulsively 
adv in a repulsive manner 令人厌恶地; 排斥地: repulsively ugly 丑陋得令人厌恶.
repulsiveness 
n [U].
reputable
/ 5repjUtEbl; `rZpjEtEbl/ adj having a good reputation; respected or trustworthy 声誉好的; 有名望的; 受尊敬的; 值得信赖的: a highly reputable firm, shop, accountant 有名气的公司、 商店、 会计. 
reputably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
reputation
/ 9repjU5teIFn; 9rZpjE`teFEn/ n [U, C] ~ (for sth) what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc of sb/sth 名声; 名誉; 名气: a school with an excellent, enviable, fine, etc reputation 享有盛誉的学校 * a good/bad reputation as a doctor 医疗信誉好[坏] * have a reputation for laziness/for being lazy 以懒惰出名 * compromise, ruin sb's reputation 损害、 败坏某人的名誉 * establish, build up, make a reputation (for oneself) （为自己）树立声誉, 博得名声 * live up to one's reputation, ie behave, perform, etc as one is expected to 不负盛名（行为、 表现等与声誉相符）.
repute
/ rI5pju:t; rI`pjut/ v (idm 习语) be reputed as/to be sb/sth be generally said or considered to be sb/sth 普遍称为或当作是某人[某事物]: He is reputed as/to be the best surgeon in Paris. 他是公认的巴黎最好的外科医生. * She is reputed to be very wealthy. 大家说她很富有.
repute 
n (fml 文)  1 [U] reputation 名声; 名誉; 名气: know sb only by repute 对某人仅闻其名声 * an inn of good/evil repute 名声好的[坏的]小旅馆 * He has little repute as an academic. 他是个名不见经传的大学教师.  2 (idm 习语) of repute (fml 文) having a good reputation 名声好的: wines of repute 名酒 * a doctor of repute 名医.
reputed 
adj [attrib 作定语] generally said or considered to be sth/sb (but with some element of doubt) 一般人所谓的, 普遍认为的（略含怀疑成分）: the reputed father of the child 据说是那孩子的父亲的人 * her reputed learning 她那所谓不错的学问. 
reputedly 
adv.
request
/ rI5kwest; rI`kwZst/ n  1 ~ (for sth/that...) (a) act of asking for sth in speech or writing, esp politely （口头或书面的）要求; （尤指）请求: make repeated requests for help 一再请求帮助 * your request that I should destroy the letter 你要求我销毁那封信一事. (b) thing asked for in this way 要求或请求的事物: Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准. * [attrib 作定语] a request programme, show, etc, ie in which music is played that has been requested by listeners 点播的节目、 演出等.  2 (idm 习语) at sb's request/at the request of sb because of sb's wish 应某人之请求; 鉴於某人之请求: I came at your (special) request. 我是（特别）应你要求而来的. by request (of sb) in response to a request (from sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求: By popular request, the chairman was re-elected. 徇众要求, 主席获重选连任. on request when asked for 一经要求: Catalogues are available on request. 备有目录供索取.
request 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (from/of sb) (fml 文) ask sb, esp politely, in speech or writing to do sth （以口头或书面形式）要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事: request compliance with the rules, eg on a notice 请遵守规则（如告示用语） * All I requested of you was that you came early. 我只要求你早点来. * I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙. * You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 请不要吸烟. =>Usage at ask 用法见 ask.
request stop 
(Brit) place where buses will only stop if a passenger signals （公共汽车的）招手即停车站.
requiem
/ 5rekwIEm; `rZkwIEm/ n (a) (also requiem `mass) special mass for the repose of the soul of a dead person （为死者举行的）安魂弥撒, 追思弥撒. (b) musical setting for this 安魂弥撒曲.
require
/ rI5kwaIE(r); rI`kwaIr/ v (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态)  1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] depend on (sb/sth) for success, fulfilment, etc; need 有赖於（某人[某事物]）; 需要: We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助. * The situation requires that I should be there. 情况需要我在那里. * The manuscript requires an expert to understand it. 这份手稿只有专家才看得懂. * All cars require servicing regularly. 所有汽车都需要定期检修.  2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (of sb) (fml 文) order or command (sth), esp from a position of authority 命令或指示（某事物）: I have done all that is required by law. 我已按照法律规定把一切做好. * It is required (of me) that I give evidence. 要求我提供证据. * Civil Servants are required to sign the Official Secrets Act. 公务员须签署遵守公务保密条例.  3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] demand (sth) as being obligatory; stipulate （强制性地）要求（某事物）; 规定: Hamlet is required reading (ie must be read) for the course. 《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物. * You must satisfy the required conditions to get your voucher. 必须具备所需条件方可获发凭证. * He only did what was required (of him). 他只是照章办事.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) wish to have 想要: Will you require tea? 你要茶吗? * Is that all that you require, sir? 先生, 您还要别的吗?
requirement 
n (esp pl 尤作复数)  1 thing depended on or needed 依赖的或需要的事物: Our immediate requirement is extra staff. 我们亟需增加工作人员. * stock surplus to requirements, ie more than is needed 超过需要的存货 * Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly, ie be just what you want. 我们的最新型号包你满意.  2 thing ordered or demanded 规定的或要求的事物: Not all foreign visitors satisfy/fulfil legal entry requirements. 并非所有外宾均符合入境规定.
requisite
/ 5rekwIzIt; `rZkwEzIt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) required by circumstances or necessary for success （情况）需要的; （成功）必要的: Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada? 你有进入加拿大必备的签证吗? * have/lack the requisite capital to start a business 有[没有]创业所需的资金.
requisite 
n ~ (for sth) thing needed for a purpose 必需的事物: toilet requisites, eg soap, perfume, etc 梳妆用品（如肥皂、 香水等） * We supply every requisite for travel/all travelling requisites. 本处供应旅行必备的一切用品.
requisition
/ 9rekwI5zIFn; 9rZkwE`zIFEn/ n  1 [C] ~ (on sb) (for sth) official, usu written, demand for (esp) the use of property or materials by an army in wartime or by certain people in an emergency 正式要求; （尤指军队）徵用; （通常指）徵用文书: make a requisition on headquarters for supplies 向司令部申请补给品.  2 [U] action of demanding in this way 正式要求; 徵用: The farm was in/under constant requisition as a base for the rescue team. 这农场一再徵用作救援队的活动基地. * [attrib 作定语] a requisition form, order, etc 徵用单、 徵用令.
requisition 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (from sb); ~ sth as sth demand (the use of sth) by a requisition 正式要求（使用某物）; 徵用: requisition billets, blankets, horses (from the villagers) （向村民）徵用部队用的住房、 毯子、 马 * The town hall was requisitioned as army headquarters. 市政厅徵用作了军队的指挥部.  2 [Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (for sth) command sb officially to do sth 命令或指示某人做某事: requisition the villagers for billets/to provide billets 命令村民为部队提供住房.
requite
/ rI5kwaIt; rI`kwaIt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文)  1 ~ sth (with sth) give sth in return for sth else; repay sth 回报; 报答某事物: Will she ever requite my love? 她会回报我对她的爱吗? * The Queen requited his services with a knighthood. 女王为表彰他的贡献封他为爵士.  2 ~ sb (for sth) take vengeance on sb 向某人报复; 报仇: requite sb for wrongs, evils, etc 向某人报怨、 报仇等 * requite him for the injury he has done me 因他伤害了我而向他报复.
requital 
/ -tl; -tl/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 repayment 回报或报答: the requital of her love 对她的爱的回报 * make full requital to sb for his help 因得到某人的帮助而给予厚礼回报.  2 revenge 报复; 报仇.
rerun
/ 9ri:5rQn; ri`rQn/ v (-nn-; pt reran, pp rerun) [Tn]  1 show (a cinema or television film), broadcast (a programme) or play (a tape) again 重映, 重播, 重放（影片、 电视片、 广播节目、 录音或录像）.  2 run (a race) again 重新举行（赛跑或赛马等）.
rerun 
/ 5ri:rQn; `rirQn/ n film or programme that is shown or broadcast again; repeat （影片或节目的）重映, 重放, 重播: a rerun of a popular play, series, etc 受欢迎的戏剧之重演、 系列节目之重播等 * (fig 比喻) We don't want a rerun of Monday's fiasco. 我们可别让星期一的惨败重演.
resale
/ 5ri:seIl, ri:5seIl; `ri9sel, ri`sel/ n [U] sale to another person of sth that one has bought 转卖; 转售: a house up for resale 准备转卖的房子.
rescind
/ rI5sInd; rI`sInd/ v [Tn] (law 律) cancel or repeal (a law, contract, etc); annul 取消, 废除或撤消（法规、 合同等）; 废止: rescind an agreement, order, act, etc 废除协定、 收回成命、 撤消法案.
rescue
/ 5reskju:; `rZskju/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/sb) save or bring away sb/sth from danger, captivity, etc （从危险、 囚禁等中）搭救或救出某人[某物]: Police rescued the hostages. 警方救出了人质. * rescue a man from drowning, attack, bankruptcy 援救一男子使之免遭溺毙、 攻击、 破产 * (fig 比喻) rescue sb's name from oblivion, ie prevent him from being forgotten 使某人名声长在 * You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 是你给我解了围.
rescue 
n  1 [U] rescuing or being rescued 搭救; 解救; 援救: [attrib 作定语] a rescue party, bid, operation 救援队、 叫牌、 行动.  2 [C] instance of this 搭救; 解救; 援救: an attempt at a rescue 一次营救行动.  3 (idm 习语) come/go to the/sb's `rescue rescue or help sb 援救或帮助某人: A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们.
rescuer 
n.
research
/ rI5s\:tF, 5ri:s\:tF; rI`s[tF, `ris[tF/ n [U] (also researches [pl] ~ (into/on sth); ~ (on sb) careful study or investigation, esp in order to discover new facts or information 研究; 探讨; 调查: medical, scientific, historical, etc research 医学、 科学、 历史等研究 * a startling piece of research into the causes of cancer/on cancer 研究致癌[癌症]的一项惊人成果 * be engaged in, carry out, do research 从事、 进行、 作研究 * (infml 口) My researches into adventure holidays were very fruitful. 我在琢磨让假期过得有刺激性, 在这一点上已大有收获. * [attrib 作定语] a research worker, grant, degree 研究人员、 经费、 学位.
research 
/ rI5s\:tF; rI`s[tF/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into/on sth); ~ (on sb) do research on (sth/sb) 对（某事物[某人]）进行研究、 探讨或调查: researching into/on the spread of AIDS 研究艾滋病的传播 * The subject has already been fully researched. 这个课题已进行过充分的研究. * a well-researched book 研究得很透彻的书. 
researcher 
n.
reseat
/ 9ri:5si:t; ri`sit/ v [Tn]  1 supply (sth) with a new seat 给（某物）装设新座: reseat a cane chair 换藤椅的座.  2 place (sb/oneself) on a seat again, or on a new seat 使（某人[自己]）重新就座或坐在新座位上: reseat oneself more comfortably 换个更舒服的座位坐下.
resell
/ 9ri:5sel; ri`sZl/ v (-ll-; pt, pp resold / 9ri:5sEUld; ri`sold/) [Tn] sell (sth one has bought) to another person 转卖（某物）: resell the goods at a profit 转卖货物赢利.
resemble
/ rI5zembl; rI`zZmbl/ v [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be like or similar to (another person or thing) 与（他人或他物）相似; 像...: a small object resembling a pin 像大头针的小物件 * She resembles her brother in looks. 她和她弟弟长得很像.
resemblance 
/ rI5zemblEns; rI`zZmblEns/ n [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) likeness or similarity 相似; 相像: a marked, strong, notable, faint resemblance 明显的、 显著的、 能觉察出的、 略微的相似之处 * There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys. 这两个男孩有某些相似之处. * Your story bears/has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts. 你说的与事实相去甚远, 或谓根本不符.
resent
/ rI5zent; rI`zZnt/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] feel bitter, indignant or angry about (sth hurtful, insulting, etc) （因受到伤害、 侮辱等）对（某事物）感到愤恨、 怨恨或气愤: I bitterly resent your criticism. 我对你批评我的话十分反感. * Does she resent my being here? 她讨厌我呆在这里吗?
resentful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj feeling or showing resentment感到或表示愤恨的; 憎恨的: a resentful silence, stare, comment 充满怨恨的沉默、 凝视、 评语 * He was deeply resentful of/at her interference. 他非常讨厌她从中干预. 
resentfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
resentfulness 
n [U].
resentment 
n [U, sing] (act of) resenting sb/sth 愤恨; 怨恨: bear, feel, show, etc no resentment against/towards anyone 对任何人均无怨恨 * a deep-seated resentment at/of/over the way one has been treated 因受到如此对待而深怀怨恨.
reservation
/ 9rezE5veIFn; 9rZzL`veFEn/ n  1 [C] reserved seat or accommodation, etc; record of this 保留的座位、 住处等; （座位、 住处等的）预订: a coach, hotel reservation 预订的客车座位、 旅馆房间 * make, hold reservations (in the name of T Hill) （以T·希尔的名字）预订. Cf 参看 booking (book2).  2 [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] spoken or unspoken limitation which prevents one's agreement with a plan, acceptance of an idea, etc 保留意见; 保留态度: I support this measure without reservation, ie completely, wholeheartedly. 我毫无保留地支持这一措施. * express certain (mental) reservations about an offer 对某项提议表示（有）一定的保留意见 * I have my reservations (ie doubts) about his ability to do the job. 我对於他做该项工作的能力持保留看法（怀疑他能否胜任）.  3 [C] (Brit) strip of land between the two carriageways of a road 道路中央双向交通的分隔带: the central reservation 路中双向交通分隔带.  4 [C] area of land reserved in the US for occupation by an Indian tribe （美国印第安部落的）居留地.
reserve
/ rI5z\:v; rI`z[v/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth)  1 put aside or keep sth for a later occasion or special use 保留或储备某物: Reserve your strength for the climb. 留点力气准备攀登吧. * These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的.  2 have or keep (a specified power); retain 具有或保持（某种权利）; 保留: The management reserves the right to refuse admission. 资方有权拒绝接纳. * (law 律) All rights reserved, eg for the publisher of the book, record, etc. 版权所有.  3 order or set aside (seats, accommodation, etc) for use by a particular person at a future time; book 预订或保留（座位、 住处等）; 订购: reserve tickets, rooms, couchettes 预订票、 房间、 卧　 * reserve a table for two in the name of Hill 以希尔的名字预订一个双座的桌位 * Is your holiday a reserved booking, sir? 先生, 您来度假办理预订手续了吗?  4 (idm 习语) reserve (one's) `judgment (on sb/sth) (fml 文) delay giving an opinion, eg until the matter has become clearer 暂不表态（如有待事情明朗化）.
reserve
/ rI5z\:v; rI`z[v/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing put aside or kept for later use; extra amount available when needed 储备（物）; 储备量: dwindling oil reserves 日渐减少的石油储量 * have great reserves of capital, energy, stock 储备有大量资金、 能源、 物资 * the `gold reserve, ie to support the issue of banknotes 黄金储备 * [attrib 作定语] a reserve (petrol) tank 备用（汽）油箱 * The champion drew on his reserve strength to win in the last 50 yards. 那个冠军在最後的50码使出全部力气争取胜利.  2 (a) the Reserve [sing] forces outside the regular armed services and liable to be called out in an emergency 预备役部队; 後备军. (b) reserves [pl] military forces kept back, for use when needed 後备部队: commit one's reserves to the battle 将後备部队投入战斗.  3 [C] extra player chosen in case a substitute is needed in a team 替补队员.  4 [C] (a) area of land reserved esp as a habitat for nature conservation 保留用地; （尤指）自然保护区: a `bird, `game, `wildlife, etc reserve鸟类、 猎物、 野生动物等保护区. (b) similar area of land reserved for occupation by a native tribe （土著部落的）专用居留地: `Indian reserves, eg on the Amazon 印第安部落的居留地（如亚马逊河沿岸的）.  5 [U] limitation on one's agreement with a plan, acceptance of an idea, etc （在同意某计画、 接受某意见时所加的）限制条件, 保留: We accept your statement without reserve, ie fully. 我们毫无保留地接受你的意见. * He spoke without reserve (ie freely) of his time in prison. 他毫无保留地（直言不讳地）述说了他在监狱中的事.  6 [C] (also reserve price) (Brit) (US upset price) lowest price that will be accepted, esp for an item at an auction 底价（尤指拍卖时的）: put a reserve of ￡95000 on a house 把一所房子的底价定为95000英镑 * The Van Gogh failed to reach its reserve and was withdrawn. 凡高的画因出价未达拍卖底价而收回.  7 [U] tendency to avoid showing one's feelings and appear unsociable to other people; restraint 矜持; 落落寡合; 自制: For once, she lost/dropped her customary reserve and became quite lively. 这次, 她一反平素的沉默寡言, 表现得很活跃. * A few drinks broke through his reserve. 他喝了点酒之後那矜持态度消失了.  8 (idm 习语) in re`serve kept back unused, but available if needed 储存; 留以备用: funds kept/held in reserve 备用金.
reservist 
/ rI5z\:vIst; rI`z[vIst/ n member of a country's reserve forces 预备役军人.
reserved
/ rI5z\:vd; rI`z[vd/ adj (of a person or his character) slow to show feelings or express opinions（指人或性格）矜持的, 寡言的, 内向的: a reserved disposition, manner, etc 矜持的性格、 态度等. Cf 参看 communicative. 
reservedness 
/ rI5z\:vIdnIs; rI`z[vIdnIs/ n [U].
reservoir
/ 5rezEvwB:(r); `rZzL9vwBr/ n  1 natural or artificial lake used as a source or store of water for a town, etc （天然的或人工的）水库, 蓄水池.  2 ~ of sth (fig 比喻) large supply or collection of sth 储藏; 汇集: a reservoir of information, facts, knowledge, etc 信息、 事实、 知识等的蓄积 * The show is a veritable reservoir of new talent. 这次演出真是新秀荟萃.
reset
/ 9ri:5set; ri`sZt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp reset) [Tn]  1 (a) place (sth) in position again 重新安放或安置（某物）: reset a diamond in a ring 在戒指上重镶钻石 * reset a broken bone 重接断骨 * reset type, ie in printing 重新排版. (b) place (the indicator of a measuring instrument) in a new position 重拨（测量仪器指针）: reset one's watch to local time 把手表调到当地时间 * reset a dial, gauge, control, etc at zero 把刻度盘、 仪表、 控制器指针拨回至零位.  2 devise a new set of questions for (an exam, a test, etc) 为（考试、 测试等）出一套新题.
resettle
/ 9ri:5setl; ri`sZtl/ v (a) [I, Tn] help (esp refugees) to settle again in a new country 帮助（尤指难民）定居他国: resettle refugees in Canada 帮助难民定居加拿大. (b) [Tn] cause (land, a country, etc) to be inhabited again 使（土地、 地区等）重新成为定居点: resettle an island 使岛上重新有人住. 
resettlement 
n [U]: [attrib 作定语] a government resettlement programme 政府重新安置居民的计画.
reshuffle
/ 9ri:5FQfl; ri`FQfl/ v  1 [Tn] interchange the posts or responsibilities of (a group of people) 对（某集体）作岗位或职责的调整; 改组（某团体）.  2 [I, Tn] shuffle (playing-cards) again 重新洗（牌）.
reshuffle 
n [C] act of reshuffling (esp a political team) 改组（尤指政治组织的）: carry out a Cabinet reshuffle 进行内阁改组.
reside
/ rI5zaId; rI`zaId/ v [I, Ipr] (fml 文)  1 ~ (in/at...) have one's home (in a certain place); live 定居（於某处）; 居住: reside abroad 定居国外 * reside at 10 Elm Terrace 住在埃尔姆街10号 * reside in college 住在校内.  2 (phr v) reside in sb/sth (of power, rights, etc) be present or vested in sb/sth （指权力、 权利等）归於或属於某人[某事物]: Supreme authority resides in the President/State. 最高权力属於总统[国家].
residence
/ 5rezIdEns; `rZzEdEns/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] (a) house, esp a large or impressive one 房子; （尤指）大宅, 宅邸, 官邸: 10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister's official residence. 唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸. (b) (esp as used by house-agents) house （尤作房屋经纪人用语）房子, 住宅: a desirable country, family, Georgian, etc residence for sale 理想的乡间、 家居、 乔治王朝时期风格等住宅待售.  2 [U] (a) process of residing 居住: hall of residence, eg for university students宿舍楼（如大学生的） * take up (one's) residence (ie go and live) in college 住校. (b) period of residing 居留期间: Foreign visitors are only allowed one month's residence. 外国访客只准逗留一个月.  3 (idm 习语) in `residence living in a specified place because of one's work or duties （因工作或职责关系）驻於某处: The royal standard flies when the Queen is in residence. 女王的王宫及驻跸处均有王旗为识. * Students must remain in residence during term. 学生於学期中必须住校. * writer, artist, etc in residence, eg at a college or in a community, etc which pays him to work there for a period of time 常驻作家、 艺术家等（如驻在学校、 社区等处者, 为驻地服务获酬）.
resident
/ 5rezIdEnt; `rZzEdEnt/ n  1 person who lives or has a home in a place, not a visitor 居民（非来访者）: a (local) residents' association （本地）居民联合会.  2 (in a hotel) person staying overnight （旅馆的）住宿者: Restaurant open to non-residents. 餐厅对非住宿者开放.  3 (US also resident physician) doctor living at a hospital where he is receiving advanced training 住院医生.
resident 
adj having a home in a place; residing 定居的; 常驻的: the town's resident population, ie not tourists or visitors 该城居民人口（不包括游客或来访者） * be resident abroad/in the UK 常驻国外[英国] * (joc 谑) Stanley is our resident crossword fanatic. 斯坦利是我们中间的填纵横字谜的游戏迷.
residential
/ 9rezI5denFl; 9rZzE`dZnFEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 containing or suitable for private houses 住宅的; 适於作住宅的: a residential area, suburb, district, etc, ie one having no offices, factories, etc 住宅区、 近郊住宅区等.  2 connected with or based on residence 与居住有关的: I often go on residential summer courses. 我经常去学习必须住校的暑期课程. * residential qualifications for voters, ie requiring that they should reside in the constituency 选民须为选区居民之资格.
residue
/ 5rezIdju:; ?@ -du:; `rZzE9du/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth)  1 what remains after a part or quantity is taken or used 剩余物; 残余.  2 (law 律) part of an estate remaining after all debts, charges, bequests, etc have been settled （扣除债款、 各种费用、 遗赠等之後的）剩余遗产. =>Usage at rest3 用法见 rest3.
residual 
/ rI5zIdjUEl; ?@ -dVU-; rI`zIdVJEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] left over as a residue(1); remaining （作为剩余物）存留下来的; 剩余的; 残余的: residual chalk deposits, ie left after rocks have been eroded 残余白垩沉积（岩石经侵蚀後的） * a few residual faults in the computer program 计算机程序中的少许残留误差.
residuary 
/ rI5zIdjUErI; ?@ -dVUerI; rI`zIdVJ9ZrI/ adj  1 of a residue(1); residual 剩余物的; 残余的.  2 (law 律) of the residue(2) of an estate 剩余遗产的: a residuary legatee, clause, bequest 剩余遗产的承受人、 条款、 遗赠.
resign
/ rI5zaIn; rI`zaIn/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sth) give up (one's job, position, etc) 放弃或辞去（工作、 职位等）; 辞职: The Minister resigned (from office). 那部长辞职了. * She resigned her directorship and left the firm. 她放弃了董事职务, 离开了公司. * resign (one's post) as chairman 辞去主席职务. Cf 参看 retire 1.  2 (phr v) resign oneself to sth/doing sth be ready to accept and endure sth as inevitable 听任; 顺从: be resigned to one's fate 听天由命 * The team refused to resign themselves to defeat/to being defeated. 该队不甘失败.
resigned 
adj  1 [attrib 作定语] having or showing patient acceptance of sth unwelcome or unpleasant 听任的; 顺从的; 逆来顺受的: a resigned look, smile, gesture 表示顺从的脸色、 微笑、 姿势.  2 (idm 习语) be, etc resigned to sth/doing sth be ready to endure or tolerate sth 准备忍受或容忍某事物; 甘心情愿: She seems resigned to not having a holiday this year. 她对今年不休假似乎并无怨言. 
resignedly 
/ -nIdlI; -nIdlI/ adv in a resigned manner 顺从地; 听之任之.
resignation
/ 9rezIg5neIFn; 9rZzI^`neFEn/ n  1 ~ (from sth) (a) [C, U] (instance of) resigning （职务等的）放弃; 辞职: Further resignations are expected. 预料还会有人辞职. * He is considering resignation (from the Board). 他正考虑辞去（委员会中的）职务. (b) [C] letter, etc to one's employers stating one's wish to resign 辞呈: offer, tender, send in, give in, hand in one's resignation 提交辞呈 * We haven't yet received his resignation. 我们尚未收到他的辞呈.  2 [U] patient acceptance or endurance 听任; 顺从: accept failure with resignation 情愿承认失败.
resilient
/ rI5zIlIEnt; rI`zIlIEnt/ adj  1 (of an object or material) springing back to its original form after being bent, stretched, crushed, etc; springy （指物体或材料）能复原的, 弹性的, 有弹力的.  2 (of a person or character) quickly recovering from shock or depression; buoyant （指人或性格）能迅速恢复或重新振作的, 达观的, 适应性强的: physically/mentally resilient 肉体上[精神上]迅速复原的 * She is very resilient to change. 她对变化有很强的适应力.
resilience 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ (also resiliency / -nsI;-nsI/) n [U]  1 quality of being springy 弹性; 弹力; 迅速恢复的能力; 适应性: an alloy combining strength and resilience 既有强度又有弹性的合金.  2 (of people) quality of being buoyant （指人）乐观的性情: Her natural resilience helped her overcome the crisis. 她生性乐观有助於她渡过难关. 
resiliently 
adv.
resin
/ 5rezIn; ?@ 5rezn; `rZzn/ n [C, U]  1 sticky substance that oozes esp from fir and pine trees and is used in making varnish, medicine, etc 树脂（尤指冷杉树脂和松脂）.  2 similar substance made synthetically, used as a plastic or in making plastics 合成树脂.
resinous 
/ 5rezInEs; ?@ 5rezEnEs; `rZznEs/ adj of or like resin （似）树脂的.
resist
/ rI5zIst; rI`zIst/ v  1 [I, Tn] use force in order to prevent sth happening or being successful; oppose 使用武力以阻止某事物发生或取得成功; 抵抗; 对抗: He could resist no longer. 他再也抵抗不住了. * resist an enemy, attack 抵抗敌人、 进攻 * He was charged with resisting arrest. 他被控拒捕.  2 [I, Tn] regard (a plan, an idea, etc) unfavourably 抵制, 抗拒（计画、 主张等）: resist the call for reform 抗拒实行改革的号召.  3 [Tn] be undamaged or unaffected by (sth) 不受（某事物）的损害或影响; 抗; 耐: ovenware, glass, etc that resists heat 耐热的烤箱器皿、 玻璃等 * resist corrosion, damp, frost, disease 抗腐蚀、 防潮、 防霜冻、 防病.  4 [Tn, Tg] succeed in not yielding to (sth/sb) 不屈从（某事物[某人]）; 经得住: resist temptation, chocolate 经得起诱惑、 忍住不吃巧克力 * Jill couldn't resist making jokes about his baldness. 吉尔忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑.
resister 
n person who resists 抵抗者; 对抗者: passive resisters 消极抵抗者.
resistible 
adj that can be resisted 可抵抗的; 可抗拒的.
piece de resistance
/ 9pjes dE re5zIstB:ns; ?@ -9rezI5stB:ns; pi9ZsdErE9zi`stBns/ n (pl pieces de resistance /,pjes dE-; pi9ZsdE-/) (French 法) (a) (esp of creative work) the most important or impressive item （尤指创造性的工作）主要项目, 得意之作: The architect's piece de resistance was the City Opera House. 这位建筑师的最得意之作是市歌剧院. (b) (at a meal) the most impressive (usu the main) dish1(2) （一餐中的）主菜.
resistance
/ rI5zIstEns; rI`zIstEns/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (to sth/sb) (action of) using force to oppose sth/sb 抵抗; 对抗: break down, overcome, put an end to armedresistance 粉碎、 战胜、 停止武装抵抗 * The demonstratorsoffered little or no resistance to the police. 示威群众对警方没怎麽抵抗. * put up (a) passive resistance 进行消极抵抗.  2 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) influence or force that hinders or stops sth 起阻碍或阻止作用的力量; 阻力: The firm has to overcome its resistance to new technology. 这家公司必须克服对采用新技术的阻力. * a low wind resistance, eg in the aerodynamic of planes, cars, etc 低风阻（如飞机、 汽车等的空气动力学中者）.  3 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) power to remain undamaged or unaffected (or only slightly so) by sth 抵抗力; 抗力: the body's natural resistance to disease 身体对疾病的自然抵抗力 * build up (a) resistance to infection 增强对传染病的抵抗力.  4 [U] (physics 物) (measure of the) property of not conducting heat or electricity 热阻; 电阻.  5 [U] ~ (to sth) desire to oppose sth; antagonism 反对; 抗拒; 抵制: make, offer, put up, etc resistance to the proposed changes 对改革建议进行抵制 * The idea met with some resistance. 这种意见受到某种抵制. * (commerce 商) market resistance, eg to a new product 市场抗拒（如对新产品）.  6 (often 常作 the Resistance) [Gp] secret organization resisting the authorities, esp in a conquered or an enemy-occupied country 抵抗运动; （尤指在被征服或敌占区的）秘密抵抗组织: [attrib 作定语] a resistance fighter 地下军的战士.  7 (idm 习语) the line of least resistance => line1.
resistant
/ rI5zIstEnt; rI`zIstEnt/ adj ~ (to sth) offering resistance 抵抗的; 对抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的: insects that have become resistant to DDT 对滴滴涕已有抗药性的昆虫 * a resistant strain of virus 病毒抵抗株 * be resistant to change 抗拒变革. 
-resistant 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): `water-/`heat-/`rust-resistant.
resistor
/ rI5zIstE(r); rI`zIstL/ n device providing resistanceto electric current in a circuit 电阻器.
resit
/ 9ri:5sIt; ri`sIt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp resat) [Tn] (Brit) sit (an examination or test) again, usu after failing 再行（考试或测验）; （通常指）补考.
resit 
/ 5ri:sIt; `risIt/ n second, etc sitting (of an examination or test) 重考; 补考: candidates for the September resit 参加九月份补考的考生.
resolute
/ 5rezElu:t; `rZzE9lut/ adj ~ (in sth) having or showing great determination or firmness 坚决的; 坚定的; 有决心的: a resolute refusal, approach, measure 断然的拒绝、 坚决的手段、 果断的措施 * be resolute in one's demands for peace 坚决要求和平. 
resolutely 
adv. 
resoluteness 
n [U].
resolution
/ 9rezE5lu:Fn; 9rZzE`luFEn/ n  1 [U] quality of being resolute or firm; determination 坚决; 坚定; 坚毅: show great resolution 表现得十分坚定 * a man lacking in resolution 缺乏毅力的人 * His speech ended on a note of resolution. 他演讲结束时语调很坚决.  2 [C] decision or mental pledge to do or not to do sth; resolve 决定;决心: make, keep good resolutions 下定决心 * her resolution never to marry 她永远不嫁的决心 * New Year resolutions, eg not to smoke in the new year ahead 新年伊始下的决心（如来年戒烟）.  3 [C] formal statement of opinion agreed on by a committee or assembly, esp by means of a vote 正式决定; 决议: pass, carry, adopt, reject a resolution 通过、 赞同、 采纳、 否决一决议 * a resolution in favour of/demanding better conditions 赞成[要求]改善环境的决议 * a resolution that conditions should be improved 改善环境的决议.  4 [U] (fml 文) solution 解决; 解答: the resolution of a problem, question, difficulty, doubt, etc 难题、 问题、 困难、 疑问等的解决.  5 [U] ~ (into sth) process of separating sth or being separated into constituent parts 分解; 解析: the resolution of white light into the colours of the spectrum 将白色的光分解成光谱的各种颜色.
resolve
/ rI5zClv; rI`zBlv/ v (fml 文)  1 [Ipr, Tf, Tt] ~ on/upon/against sth/doing sth decide firmly; determine 决定; 决心: He resolved on/against (making) an early start. 他决定[反对]尽早出发. * She resolved that she would never see him again/never to see him again. 她决心不再见他.  2 [Tf, Tt] (of a committee or assembly) make a decision by a formal vote （指委员会或集会）表决: The senate resolved that... 参议院决议如下... * The union resolved to strike by 36 votes to 15. 工会以36票对15票通过决议举行罢工.  3 [Tn] solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc) 解决（问题、 疑问等）: resolve an argument, a difficulty, a crisis 解决争端、 困难、 危机 * Her arrival did little to resolve the situation. 她来後也未能解决什麽问题.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) separate (sth) into constituent parts 分解或解析（某物）: resolve a complex argument into its basic elements 将复杂的论证内容分为若干要点 * the resolving power of a lens, ie its ability to magnify things distinctly 透镜的解像能力.
resolvable 
adj that can be solved or settled 可解决的; 可解答的.
resolve 
n (fml 文)  1 [C] thing one has decided to do; resolution(2) 决定要做的事; 决定; 决心: make a resolve not to smoke 决定不吸烟 * show, keep, break one's resolve 表现出、 持有、 改变决心.  2 [U] firmness ordetermination; resolution(1) 坚决; 坚定; 坚毅: be strong/weak in one's resolve 很[不]坚决 * His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他一反对反而增强了我们的决心.
resolved 
adj [pred 作表语] (of a person) resolute or determined （指人）下定决心, 坚定: I was fully/firmly resolved to see him. 我打定主意要去见他.
resonant
/ 5rezEnEnt; `rZzEnEnt/ adj  1 (of sound) continuing to echo; resounding （指声音）回响的, 回荡的, 洪亮的: deep resonant notes, voices 深沉而洪亮的声调、 声音.  2 (of rooms, bodies, etc) tending to prolong sounds, esp by vibration （指房间、 物体等）激起回响的, 引起共鸣的, 产生共振的: a resonant hall 产生共鸣的大厅 * the resonant body of a guitar 吉他的共鸣腔.  3 ~ with sth (of places) resounding or echoing with sth （指处所）产生某种回响的, 回荡著某种声音的: Alpine valleys resonant with the sound of church bells. 回荡著教堂钟声的阿尔卑斯山谷.
resonance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] quality of being resonant 回响; 回荡; 洪亮; 共鸣; 共振.
resonantly 
adv.
resonate 
/ 5rezEneIt; `rZzE9net/ v [I] produce or show resonance 使起回声、 共鸣或共振; 产生回响、 共鸣或共振. 
resonator 
/ -tE(r); -tL/ n appliance or system for giving resonance to sound 共鸣器; 共鸣腔; 共振器; 谐振腔.
resort
/ rI5zR:t; rI`zRrt/ v [Ipr]  1 ~ to sth make use of sth for help; adopt sth as an expedient 求助於或诉诸某事物; 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策: If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action. 假若谈判失败, 我们就采取罢工行动. * resort to violence, deception, trickery, etc 靠暴力、 欺骗、 欺诈等.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) visit (a place) frequently or habitually; frequent 常去, 常到（某处）: The police watched the bars which he was known to resort. 警方监视著他常去的酒吧.
resort 
n  1 [C] person or thing that is turned to for help; expedient 可求助的人或事物; 采取的应急手段或对策: Our only resort is to inform the police. 我们唯一的办法就是向警方报案.  2 [U] ~ to sth resorting to sth 求助; 诉诸; 采取; 凭靠: talk calmly, without resort to threats 心平气和地说, 不取威胁手段.  3 [C] (a) popular holiday centre 度假胜地: seaside, skiing, health, etc resorts 海滨、 滑雪、 休养等度假胜地 * Brighton is a leading south coast resort. 布赖顿是南部地区最著名的海滨胜地. (b) (US) hotel or guest-house for holiday-makers 专门接待度假者的旅店或宾馆.  4 (idm 习语)a/one's last resort => last1. in the last resort => last1.
resound
/ rI5zaUnd; rI`zaJnd/ v  1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (through/throughout sth) (of a sound, voice, etc) fill a place with sound; produce echoes （指声音等）回荡於某处, 产生回响: The organ resounded (through the church). 风琴的声音（在教堂里）回荡著. (b) ~ (with sth) (of a place) be filled with sound; echo （指某处）回荡著声音, 回响: The hall resounded with applause. 大厅里回荡著掌声.  2 [Ipr] ~ (throughout sth) (fig 比喻) (of fame, an event, etc) be much talked of; spread far and wide （指名声、 事件等）被广为传颂, 广泛传播: Her name resounded throughout Europe. 她名扬全欧洲. Cf 参看 reverberate.
resounding 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 sounding orechoing loudly 鸣响的; 回响的; 回荡的; 响亮的: resoundingcheers, shouts, laughs 响亮的欢呼声、 叫声、 笑声.  2 (of an event, etc) notable; famous （指事件等）令人瞩目的, 闻名的: win a resounding victory 获得大胜 * The film was/scored a resounding success. 那部电影十分成功. 
resoundingly 
adv.
resource
/ rI5sR:s, also -5zR:s; ?@ 5ri:sR:rs; `risRrs/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person, etc wealth 资源: rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的、 矿产的、 农业的...资源丰富 * The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources. 偿还抵押借款是我们财务上的一大负担. * We agreed to pool our resources, ie available assets. 我们同意共用我们现成的资产. * Is there any resource that we have left untapped? 还有什麽资源我们尚未发掘吗?  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that can be turned to for help, support or consolation when needed 必要时可给予帮助、 支持或安慰的事物: He has no inner resources and hates being alone. 他没有内在的精神寄托, 因而害怕孤独. * An only child is often left to his own resources, ie left to amuse himself. 独生子女往往要自寻乐趣. * [attrib 作定语] a resource file, room, eg containing materials for teachers 资料库、 室（如供教师使用者）.  3 [U] (fml 文) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 机敏; 创造精神: a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子.
resourceful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj clever at finding ways of doing things 善於随机应变的; 机敏的; 办法多的. 
resourcefully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
resourcefulness 
n [U].
respect
/ rI5spekt; rI`spZkt/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) admiration felt or shown for a person or thing that has good qualities or achievements; regard 尊敬; 敬重; 钦敬: a mark, token, etc of respect 尊敬的标志、 表示等 * have a deep, sincere, etc respect for sb 深深地、 由衷地...敬重某人 * I have the greatest respect for you/hold you in the greatest respect. 我非常尊敬您. * The new officer soon won/earned the respect of his men. 那新来的军官很快博得了士兵的钦敬.  2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) politeness or consideration arising from admiration or regard 尊敬之表示; 尊重之情: Children should show respect for their teachers. 学生要尊敬老师. * Out of respect, he took off his hat. 他脱帽以示敬意. * have some, little, no, etc respect for sb's feelings 相当、 不太、 毫不...尊重某人的感情 * With (all due) respect, sir, I disagree. 先生, 恕我直言, 我不能同意.  3 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) protection or recognition 维护; 承认; 尊重: very little respect for human rights 极不尊重人权.  4 [C] particular aspect or detail 方面; 著眼点: in this one respect 在这一点上 * in some/all/many/several/few respects 在某些[各个/许多/几个/极少]方面 * In what respect do you think the film is biased? 你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇?  5 (idm 习语) in respect of sth (fml or commerce 文或商) as regards sth; with special reference to sth 关於某事物; 就某方面而言: The book is admirable in respect of style. 这本书风格极佳. * price rises in respect of gas and water costs 煤气费和水费涨价. with respect to sth (fml or commerce 文或商) concerning sth 涉及、 提到或关於某事物: This is true with respect to English but not to French. 这一点在英语属实而在法语则不同. * With respect to your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. 关於你的询问, 兹附上有关说明资料.
respects 
n [pl] (fml 文)  1 polite greetings 敬意; 问候: Give/send/offer him my respects. 代我向他致意.  2 (idm 习语) pay one's respects => pay2.
respect
/ rI5spekt; rI`spZkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) admire or have a high opinion of sb/sth (because of sth) （因某事物）尊敬或敬重某人[某事物]: I respect you for your honesty. 由於你为人正直, 我对你十分敬重.  2 [Tn] show consideration for (sb/sth) 重视、 考虑或尊重（某人[某事物]）: respect sb's wishes, opinions, feelings, etc 尊重某人的意愿、 意见、 感情等 * respect the environment, eg by protecting it 重视环境问题（如保护环境） * People won't respect my (desire for) privacy. 大家都不顾及我（希望享有的）个人自由.  3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) avoid interfering with or harming sth; agree to recognize 不干预或不损害某事物; 承认某事物: respect sb's rights, privileges, etc 承认某人的权利、 特权等 * respect a treaty, contract, etc 遵守条约、 合同等 * respect diplomatic immunity (eg of foreign embassy staff to British law) as valid 承认外交豁免权有效.  4 [Tn] ~ oneself have proper respect for one's own character and behaviour 自重; 自尊: If you don't respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能受到别人尊重呢?
respecter 
n (idm 习语) be no/not be any respecter of `persons treat everyone in the same way, without being influenced by their importance, wealth, etc 不问贫富贵贱, 一视同仁: Death is no respecter of persons. 死神不区分贫富贵贱.
respecting 
prep (fml 文) relating to (sth); concerning 关於, 至於（某事物）: laws respecting property 关於财产的法律 * information respecting the child's whereabouts 关於那孩子的下落的消息.
respectable
/ rI5spektEbl; rI`spZktEbl/ adj  1 of acceptable social position; decent and proper in appearance or behaviour 体面的; 有身分的; 正派的; 值得尊敬的: a respectable married couple 一对值得尊敬的夫妻 * a respectable middle-class background, upbringing, etc 体面的中产阶级的出身、 正派人所受的教养 * She looked perfectly respectable in her bathrobe at breakfast. 她用早餐时穿著浴衣, 真够风雅的. * (ironic 反语) He's a bit too respectable (ie staid and conventional) for my tastes. 他老成持重未免过分, 我可不欣赏.  2 of a moderately good standard or size, etc; not bringing disgrace or embarrassment 达到一定标准或规模的; 不丢脸的: There was quite a respectable crowd at the match on Saturday. 星期六观看比赛的人相当多. * 20000 is a very respectable salary. 20000英镑的薪金是非常可观的. * Hunt jumped a respectable round although his horse was unfit. 亨特的马状态欠佳, 但他纵马跳障碍这一轮还算不错.
respectability 
/ rI9spektE5bIlEtI; rI9spZktE`bIlEtI/ n [U] quality of being socially respectable; decency 名望; 体面; 得体.
respectably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv in a respectable manner 体面地; 得体地; 可敬地; 相当地: respectably dressed, behaved, spoken, etc 衣著、 举止、 言语等得体的.
respectful
/ rI5spektfl; rI`spZktfEl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb); ~ (of sth) feeling or showing respect 恭敬的;表示尊敬或尊重的: listen in respectful silence 必恭必敬地静听著 * stand at a respectful distance 表示尊敬地保持距离站著 * respectful of other people's opinions尊重他人的意见. 
respectfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
respectfulness 
n [U].
respective
/ rI5spektIv; rI`spZktIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or for or belonging to each as an individual 各自的; 各个的; 分别的: They each excel in their respective fields. 他们在各自领域里都是出类拔萃的. * After the party we all went off to our respective rooms. 聚会之後我们回到各自的房间.
respectively 
adv separately or in turn, in the order mentioned 各自地; 分别地; 轮流地: German and Italian courses are held in Munich and Rome respectively. 德语和意大利语课程分别设於慕尼黑和罗马.
respiration
/ 9respE5reIFn; 9rZspE`reFEn/ n  1 [C, U] (fml 文) (single act of) breathing air 呼吸; 一次呼吸: [attrib作定语] respiration rate 呼吸率.  2 [U] plant's absorptionof oxygen and release of carbon dioxide （植物的）呼吸.
respirator
/ 5respEreItE(r); `rZspE9retL/ n [C]  1 apparatusfor giving artificial respiration over a long period 人工呼吸器: put the patient on a respirator 给患者戴上人工呼吸器.  2 device worn over the nose and mouth to warm, filter or purify air before it is breathed 口罩; 呼吸保护罩; 防毒面具.
respire
/ rI5spaIE(r); rI`spaIr/ v [I]  1 (fml 文) breathe air 呼吸: respire deeply 深呼吸.  2 (of plants) absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide （指植物）呼吸.
respiratory 
/ rI5spaIErEtrI, 5respIrEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`spaIrE9tRrI/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (medical 医) of or for breathing air 呼吸的; 呼吸用的: respiratory diseases, eg bronchitis, asthma 呼吸道疾病（如支气管炎、 气喘） * respiratory organs, systems 呼吸器官、 系统.
respite
/ 5respaIt, 5respIt; `rZspIt/ n  1 [U, sing] ~ (from sth) interval of rest or relief 休息（时间）; 暂时的缓解或放松: longing for a moment of respite 恨不得歇会儿 * work without respite 不停地工作 * a brief, welcome respite 短暂的、 愉快的休息 * (a) respite from pain, worry, stress, etc 痛苦、 忧虑、 压力等的暂时减轻.  2 [C] delay allowed before an obligation must be fulfilled or a penalty suffered; reprieve （义务的）暂缓履行; （刑罚的）缓期执行; 缓刑: grant sb a respite 准予某人缓刑.
resplendent
/ rI5splendEnt; rI`splZndEnt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) brilliant with colour or decorations; splendid 华丽灿烂; 辉煌: resplendent in coronation robes 身穿加冕礼服而光彩夺目 * (ironic 反语) resplendent in her curlers and a face-pack 戴著发卷抹著美容霜而臭美的. 
resplendence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
resplendently 
adv.
respond
/ rI5spCnd; rI`spBnd/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (with sth) give a verbal or written answer （以口头或书面方式）回答: She asked where he'd been, but he didn't respond. 她问他到什麽地方去了, 他却不回答. * She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话.  2 ~ (to sth) (with sth) act in answer to (sth) or because of the action of another; behave in a similar way （对某事物或对他人的行动）反应, 回应, 响应: He responded to my volley with a backhand, ie in tennis. 他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来（网球中）. * I kicked the dog, which responded by growling/with a growl. 我踢了那条狗, 它便狂吠起来.  3 ~ (to sb/sth) react quickly or favourably (to or because of sb/sth); be easily controlled (by sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）反应灵敏; 易（为某人[某事物]）控制: The car responds well to the controls. 这辆汽车操纵灵敏. * The patient did not respond to treatment. 病人经治疗後未见起色. * Animals respond to kindness. 动物受到善待能做出反应.  4 ~ (to sb/sth) (of people at a churchservice) make the responses （指在教堂做礼拜的人）应答.
respondent
/ rI5spCndEnt; rI`spBndEnt/ n (law 律) defendant, esp in a divorce case 被告（尤指离婚案的）.
response
/ rI5spCns; rI`spBns/ n ~ (to sb/sth)  1 [C, U] answer 回答; 答覆: She made no response. 她没有回答. * In response to your inquiry... 兹答覆您的询问... * His accusations brought an immediate response. 他提出指控後迅即得到答覆.  2 [C, U] act or feeling produced in answer to a stimulus; reaction 反应; 响应: a poor, generous, united, etc response to the appeal for funds 对徵集资金的呼吁反应甚微、 积极响应、 群起响应等 * Her cries for help met with no, some, little, etc response. 她那求救的呼声没有激起任何、 激起了一些、 没有激起什麽...反应. * The tax cuts produced a favourable response from the public. 税额削减受到了公众的欢迎.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (religion 宗) part of the liturgy said or sung by the people at a church service in answer to the priest （礼拜时会众对牧师的）应答, 唱和. Cf 参看 versicle.
responsibility
/ rI9spCnsE5bIlEtI; rI9spBnsE`bIlEtI/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) being responsible or accountable责任; 负责: a position of real, great, major, etc responsibility负实际的、 很大的、 主要的...责任的职务 * have, showa sense of responsibility 有、 显示出责任感 * take, assume,accept, bear full responsibility for the consequences 对後果承担全部责任 * The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse. 使用不当而造成的损坏, 生产厂家不负任何责任.  2 [C] ~ (to sb) commitment or duty for which a person is responsible职责; 任务; 义务: Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.我们的公司实行共同责任制. * It's my responsibility to lock the doors. 我负责锁门. * the various responsibilities of the post 这一职位的多种责任.
responsible
/ rI5spCnsEbl; rI`spBnsEbl/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (for doing sth) legally or morally obliged, eg to take care of sb/sth or to carry out a duty, and liable to be blamed if one fails （在法律上或道义上）须负责任, 承担责任: All pilots are responsible for their passengers' safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责. * I am wholly/partly responsible for the confusion. 我对此混乱情况负有全部[部分]责任. * You must make yourself personally responsible for paying these bills. 你应该个人支付这些帐.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth having to account for one's actions to an authority or a superior 对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任: be directly/indirectly responsible to the President直接[间接]向总统负责.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) answerable for one's behaviour 应对自己的行为负责: A drunk man cannot be held/considered fully responsible for his actions. 醉汉不能为其行为负全部责任.  4 (a) (of people) capable of being relied on; trustworthy （指人）可靠的, 可信赖的: behave like responsible citizens, adults, committee members 做有责任心的公民、 成年人、 委员 * She is very responsible for (ie considering that she is) a six-year-old. 对於六岁的孩子来说, 她算是很靠得住的. Cf 参看 irresponsible. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of jobs, etc) needing sb who can be relied on; involving important duties （指工作等）需可靠的人来做的; 责任重大的: a highly responsible position, appointment, role 极其重要的职位、 职务、 职责.  5 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) being the cause (of sth) 作为（某事物的）原因; 应归咎或归功（於某事物）: Who's responsible for this mess? 是谁弄得这麽乱? * Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer. 吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致病因素.
responsibly 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv in a rational or trustworthy way 明事理地; 合乎理性地; 可信赖地: act, behave responsibly 行动、 行事靠得住.
responsive
/ rI5spCnsIv; rI`spBnsIv/ adj  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) responding warmly or favourably; sympathetic 反应热烈的或良好的; 赞同的; 支持的: a responsive class, audience, etc 积极应答的班级、 反应很热烈的观众 * be responsive to suggestions, ideas, criticisms, etc 对建议、 意见、 批评等表示欢迎. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] reacting quickly or favourably; easily controlled 反应灵敏; 易受控制: These brakes should be more responsive. 这些制动器应该更灵敏些. * a flu virus that is not responsive to treatment 不易治疗的流感病毒 * a horse responsive to the needs of its rider 很好骑的马.  2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] given or made as an answer 回答的; 应答的: a responsive smile, gesture, wink, etc 表示回应的微笑、 手势、 眨眼等. 
responsively 
adv. 
responsiveness 
n [U].
rest
/ rest; rZst/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be still or asleep; stop moving or working, esp in order to regain one's strength 静止; 睡眠; 停止活动或工作; （尤指）休息: lie down and rest (for) an hour after lunch 午饭後躺下休息一小时 * resting from our exertions, efforts, etc 劳作、 工作後休息一下 * (fig 比喻) He will never rest (ie never have peace of mind) until he knows the truth. 他不获真相是不会安心的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause or allow (sth/sb) to do this 使或让（某物[某人]）静止、 睡眠或休息: You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 长时间阅读後应该让眼睛休息一下. * Sit down and rest your legs. 坐下歇歇腿儿吧. * Are you rested enough to go on? 你是否歇够了可以接著干了?  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) on/against sth lie or be placed on/against sth for support 躺或倚靠在某物上; 靠某物支撑: Her elbows rested/She rested her elbows on the table. 她的肘部[她把肘部]靠在桌子上. * Rest the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上.  3 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth depend or rely on sb/sth 依靠或依赖某人[某事物]: British hopes of a medal rested on Ovett. 英国把获得奖牌的希望寄托在奥维特的身上.  4 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth (of a look, etc) be directed steadily at sb/sth （指目光等）停留在某人[某物]上: His gaze/eyes rested on her face. 他双眼凝视著她的脸.  5 [I] (fml 文) (of a subject under discussion) be left without further investigation or pursuit （指问题的探讨）中止: let the matter, topic, affair, etc rest 使事情、 话题、 事务等到此为止 * The matter cannot rest there  I demand an apology. 事情不能就此罢了--我要求向我道歉.  6 [I, Tn] (esp law 尤用於法律) conclude (one's case); have no more to say about (sth) 停止（举证）; 自动停止陈述（某事）: The defence rests. 被告陈述完毕. * I rest my case. 本人对案情陈述完毕.  7 [I] (euph or fig 婉或比喻) be buried 长眠; 安息: May he rest (ie lie in his grave) in peace. 愿他安息.  8 [I, Tn] (cause land to) be free from disturbance, etc （使土地）休耕: Let this field rest/Rest this field for a year. 让这块田地休耕一年.  9 (idm 习语) rest assured (that...)(fml 文) be certain that... 放心...: You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心, 正在尽力把一切都做好. rest on one's `laurels (esp derog 尤作贬义) stop trying to achieve further successes; become complacent 满足於既有的成绩而不思进取; 自满.  10 (phr v) rest on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) be based on sth 建立在某事物的基础上; 基於某事物: His fame rests more on his plays than on his novels. 他出名是靠他的戏剧, 并不是靠小说. * an argument, a claim, a theory, etc resting on a false assumption 根据凭空设想而提出的论点、 要求、 理论等. rest with sb (to do sth) (fml 文) be sb's responsibility (to do sth) （做某事）是某人的责任: The choice rests entirely with you. 这完全由你来选择. * It rests with the committee to decide. 这事要由委员会来决定.
resting-place 
n (euph 婉) grave 安息处; 坟墓: His last resting-place is on that hill. 他的长眠处就在那座山上.
rest
/ rest; rZst/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (from sth) (period of) sleep or inactivity as a way of regaining one's strength 睡眠或休息（的时间）: have a good night's rest 睡一宿好觉 * stop for a well-earned/-deserved rest 停下来该好好休息一下 * have/take a rest from all your hard work 放下繁重的工作休息一下 * get some, no, more, etc rest 稍事、 得不到、 再多...休息（一下） * Sunday is a day of rest. 星期日休息. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.  2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) support for an object; prop 支承物; 支撑物; 支架; 支座; 托; 台: a rest for a billiard cue, telescope, telephone receiver 台球杆的搁架、 望远镜的支架、 电话听筒的托架 * an `arm-, `head-, `foot-rest 扶手、 头枕、 搁脚物.  3 [C] (music 音) (sign making an) interval of silence between notes 休止（符）: The trumpets have six bars' rest. 小号有六小节休止. =>illus at music 见music插图.  4 (idm 习语) at `rest (a) not moving 静止; 不动. (b) free from trouble or anxiety 安宁: (euph 婉) be/lie at rest (ie be buried) in a country churchyard 安息在乡间的教堂墓地里. come to `rest (of a moving object) stop moving （指运动中的物体）停止, 不再移动: The mine finally came to rest on the sea bed. 那水雷最後沉入海底. lay sb to `rest (euph 婉) bury sb 安葬某人: She was laid to rest beside her late husband. 她安葬在亡夫的墓旁. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest => mind1.
restful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving (a feeling of) rest 让人得到休息的; 令人有宁静感的: a restful Sunday afternoon 可以好好休息一下的星期日下午 * Pastel colours are restful to the eye. 清淡柔和的颜色可以养目. 
restfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
restfulness 
n [U].
rest area, rest stop 
(US) = lay-by.
rest-cure 
n long period of rest, usu in bed, as medical treatment for stress, anxiety, etc 休养疗法（通常须卧床, 用以治疗因紧张、 焦急等所致的疾病）.
rest-day 
n day spent resting, esp during an internationalcricket match 休息日（尤指国际板球赛期间的）.
rest-home 
n place where old or convalescent people are cared for 养老院; 疗养院.
rest-room 
n (US euph 婉) public lavatory in eg a theatre, store 盥洗室, 洗手间, 公共厕所（如剧院、 商店内的）. =>Usage at toilet 用法见 toilet.
rest
/ rest; rZst/ n the ~ (of sth)  1 [sing] the remaining part; the remainder of some amount 剩余部分; 其余: the rest of the world, my life, her money 世界的其他地方、 我的余生、 她剩下的钱 * watch the rest of a film 观看一部影片的剩余部分 * Take what you want and throw the rest away. 把你要的拿走, 剩下的扔掉.  2 [pl v] the remaining individuals or number; the others 其余的人或数目; 其他人; 其他事物: While we play tennis what will the rest of you do? 我们打网球, 你们其余的人做什麽呢? * Her hat was red, like the rest of her clothes. 她的帽子是红色的, 跟她衣服的颜色一样.  3 (idm 习语) for the `rest (fml 文) as far as other matters are concerned; apart from that 至於其他; 除此之外: Ensure that our traditional markets are looked after; for the rest, I am not much concerned. 一定要满足我们传统市场的需要, 其他方面倒无所谓.
rest
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When speaking about who or what remains from an original total, we use the rest or (more formal) the remainder 表示在原有总体中剩下的人或事物, 可用the rest, 在较庄重场合可用the remainder: Some boys stay on after school; the rest/remainder (of them) go home. 放学後总有些男孩子不走, 其余的人回家. * The rest/remainder of the time was spent swimming. 剩下的时间用来游泳. If something has been partly used or destroyed, we use remains or remnants. 若某物的一部分已用掉或毁掉, 其剩余或残存部分可用 remains或remnants表示. Of food left-overs is often used 若为食物, 则多用left-overs: The remains/remnants/left-overs of the meal (ie the bits of food left uneaten) were fed to the dog. 剩饭喂狗了. Remains is also used of old buildings or dead bodies *remains还可指古旧建筑物或尸体: the remains of an old castle 古堡的废墟 *  human remains 人的遗体. A relic is a historical object and reminder of the past. *relic指历史遗物、 遗迹以及纪念物品. A residue is what is left after a process, especially a chemical one, has taken place. *residue指某一过程（尤指化学反应）的残余物. There is a green residue in the bottom of the test tube. 试管底部有绿色的沉淀. In a mathematical calculation the remainder (in arithmetic) or the balance (in accounting) is the amount left after subtraction or division. 在数学计算中remainder指（算术中的）差数或余数, balance指（会计学中的）余额或差额.
poste restante
/ 9pEUst 5restB:nt; ?@ re5stAnt; 9postrZs`tBnt/ (US also general delivery) department in a post office where letters for a person may be sent and kept until he collects them （邮局的）邮件待领处.
restate
/ 9ri:5steIt; ri`stet/ v [Tn] state (sth) again or in a different way 重述或以另一方式重申（某事物）: restate one's position, case, argument, etc 重新阐述立场、 情况、 论点等. 
restatement 
n [C, U]: make a restatement of current policy 重申现行的政策.
restaurant
/ 5restrCnt; ?@ -tErEnt; `rZstErEnt/ n public place where meals can be bought and eaten 餐馆; 饭店. Cf 参看 cafe.
restaurateur 
/ 9restErE5t\:(r); 9rZstErE`t[/ (US also restauranteur / -tErEn-; -tErEn-/) n (fml 文) manager or owner of a restaurant 餐馆的经理或老板.
restaurant car 
(Brit) = dining-car (dine).
restitution
/ 9restI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:-; 9rZstE`tuFEn/ n [U] ~ (to sb/sth)  1 (fml 文) restoration of a thing to its proper owner or original state （物之）归还原主; （事物之）恢复原状: restitution of the deeds to the owner 契据归还原主 * the full restitution of property, conjugal rights, diplomatic status 财产的全部归还、 婚姻权的完全恢复、 外交地位的完全恢复.  2 (law 律) reparation, esp in the form of money, for injury, etc （对损害等的）赔偿, 补偿（尤指用钱） : make restitution for the damage done 赔偿所造成的损失.
restive
/ 5restIv; `rZstIv/ adj  1 restless or uneasy 焦躁不安的; 不安宁的: Another hour passed and the crowd grew/became restive. 又过了一个小时, 人们有些不耐烦了.2 (esp of horses) resisting control, esp by refusing to move forwards or by moving sideways or backwards（尤指马）难驾驭的, （尤指）不肯前行的, 逡巡不前的.
restively 
adv: move, shuffle, fiddle about restively焦急地走来走去、 踱来踱去、 荡来荡去. 
restiveness 
n [U].
restless
/ 5restlIs; `rZstlIs/ adj  1 constantly moving 运动不止的: the restless motion of the sea 大海的不停的翻腾.  2 unable to be still or quiet, esp because of boredom, impatience, anxiety, etc 静不下来的, 不能安宁的（尤指因厌烦、 烦躁、 焦虑等）: The audience was becoming restless. 观众渐渐地不耐烦了. * The children grew restless with the long wait. 孩子们等了很久便著急了. * After only a month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 那工作他只干了一个月就厌倦了, 决定不干了.  3 without rest or sleep 得不到休息或睡眠的: spend/pass/have a restless night 度过一个不眠之夜. 
restlessly 
adv: The wind moved restlessly through the trees. 风不停地吹过树林. * The lion paced restlessly up and down in its cage. 狮子在笼子里不安地来回走动. 
restlessness 
n [U].
restock
/ 9ri:5stCk; ri`stBk/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill sth with new or different things to replace those used, sold, etc 补充新的或他种物品以替换用掉、 售出...之物品; 补足货源: restock the freezer for Christmas 把新食物装入冰箱冷冻室为圣诞节做准备 * restock the library shelves with new books 进一些新书补充到图书馆的书架上 * restock a lake/river with trout 在湖[河]里再放养一些鳟鱼.  2 [Tn] take (a supply of sth) again, eg after an interval 补充（供应物）（如隔一段时间後）: restock the dictionary in its new edition 重新购置该词典的新版本.
restoration
/ 9restE5reIFn; 9rZstE`reFEn/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) return of sth lost, etc to its owner （遗失等物的）归还原主: the restoration of stolen property, goods, etc 失窃财物、 物品等的归还.  2 [U] ~ (to sth) restoring or being restored to a former place or condition 回复到原处或原状; 恢复: the restoration of the Elgin marbles to Greece 埃尔金大理石雕塑品的交还给希腊 * her restoration to complete health 她的完全康复 * the restoration of order after the riots 骚乱之後秩序的恢复.  3 [U, C] ~ (to sb/sth) reintroduction of sth, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用, 恢复（如消失或取消後）: the restoration of old customs 旧习俗的恢复 * We demand an immediate restoration of our right to vote. 我们要求立即恢复我们的选举权.  4 [C, U] (example of the) work of restoring a ruined building, work of art, etc to its original condition （损坏的建筑物、 艺术品等的）修复, 整修: undergo a lengthy process of restoration 经过漫长的修复过程 * The palace is closed during restorations/for restoration. 宫殿於整修期间[因整修]停止开放. * [attrib 作定语] the museum restoration fund 整修博物馆的资金 * (a) full/complete restoration of the damaged painting, vase, mosaic, etc 受到损坏的画、 花瓶、 镶嵌画等的完全修复.  5 [C] building formerly ruined and now rebuilt; reconstruction （毁坏後重建的）建筑物; 重建: The castle is largely a restoration, ie little of the original is left. 该城堡大部分是重建的.  6 [C] model representing the supposed form of an extinct animal, a ruined building, etc （绝种动物、 已毁建筑物等的）模型: a restoration of an Iron-Age cave dwelling 模拟铁器时代穴居生活的洞穴.  7 theRestoration [sing] (period following) the re-establishmentof the monarchy in Britain in 1660, when Charles II became king （1660年英王查理二世的）王政复辟（时期）: [attrib 作定语] Restoration comedy, poetry 王政复辟时期的喜剧、 诗.
restorative
/ rI5stR:rEtIv; rI`stRrEtIv/ adj [esp attrib 尤 作定语] tending to restore health and strength 有助於恢复健康和体力的: restorative drugs, exercises, tonics 促进健康恢复的药物、 运动、 滋补品 * the restorative powers of sea air 海上空气可使人恢复体力的作用.
restorative 
n [C, U] restorative food, medicine or treatment 有助於恢复健康或体力的食物、 药品或疗法: The brandy acted as a restorative. 喝白兰地酒消除了疲劳.
restore
/ rI5stR:(r); rI`stRr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) give back (sth lost, etc) to its owner 将（某失物等）归还原主: Police restored the stolen jewels to the showroom. 警方将被盗的珠宝交还给了陈列室.  2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth bring sb/sth back to a former place or position 使某人[某物]回复到原处或原位: restore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被解雇的工人复工 * restore an officer to his command 恢复一军官的指挥权 * (fml 文) He restored the dictionary to the shelf. 他把词典放回到书架上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sth (to sb) bring sb/sth back to a former condition 使某人[某物]恢复原先的状况: restore my health/me to health 使我恢复健康 * restore sb's beauty, sight, confidence, etc 恢复某人的姿色、 视力、 信心等 * The brandy fully/completely restored him. 他喝了白兰地酒以後完全恢复了体力. * Law and order were quickly restored after the riots. 骚乱过後很快恢复了治安. * The deposed chief was restored (to power/to his throne). 废黜的酋长重新掌了权.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) bring sth back into use, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用某事物（如终止或取消後）: restore ancient traditions, rights, ceremonies, etc 恢复古已有之的传统、 权利、 礼仪等 * restore old laws, taxes, charges, etc 恢复旧时的法律、 税制、 收费等 * Our Christmas bonus should be restored. 我们发圣诞节赠金的做法应予恢复.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) rebuild or repair (a ruined building, work of art, etc) so that it is like the original 重建或修复（被毁之建筑物、 艺术品等）: restore a Roman fort, a vintage car, an oil painting, a china vase, etc 修复罗马的要塞、 老式汽车、 油画、 瓷花瓶等 * The mill was restored to full working order. 这工厂已完全恢复生产. Cf 参看 renovate.
restorer 
n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) [C] (a) person who restores (restore 4) things 做修复工作的人: picture, furniture restorers 修复画、 家具的人. (b) [C, U] substance, etc that restores (restore 2b) things 用以恢复原状的物质; 恢复剂: hair-restorer, ie to cure baldness 生发剂.
restrain
/ rI5streIn; rI`stren/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth(from sth/doing sth) hold back sb/sth from movementor action; keep sb/sth under control or in check 抑制或遏制某人[某事物]; 管制; 约束: restrain one's anger, laughter, tears 抑制住愤怒、 笑声、 眼泪 * restrain one's natural urges, impulses, etc 克制住欲望、 冲动等 * I must learn to restrain myself, eg not say what I think. 我得学会约束自己. * The police had difficulty in restraining the crowd from rushing on to the pitch. 警方难以阻止人群涌入球场.
restrained 
adj keeping one's feelings, language or behaviour in check; controlled （感情、 言语或行为）克制的, 节制的, 受到控制的: a restrained rebuke, protest, discussion 有节制的斥责、 抗议、 讨论 * He was furious, but his manner was very restrained. 他十分恼火, 但在态度上却很能克制.
restraint 
/ rI5streInt; rI`strent/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] restraining or being restrained 抑制; 遏制; 管制; 约束: submit to/break loose from restraint 忍受[摆脱]束缚 * The child's affections were kept under/suffered continualrestraint. 那孩子的感情一直受到压抑.  2 [C] ~ (on sb/sth) thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物; 管制措施; 约束力: the restraints on the family budget of a limited income 有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束 * throw off the restraints of convention 打破常规 * impose restraints on wage settlements 对工资的协议加以限制.  3 [U] ~ (in sth) avoidance of exaggeration or excess; moderation 克制; 节制; 适度: He showed/exercised considerable restraint in not suing for a divorce. 他极力克制自己, 不提出离婚诉讼.  4 (idm 习语) without re`straint without control; freely 无拘无束地; 自由地: talk, weep without restraint 畅谈、 痛哭.
restrict
/ rI5strIkt; rI`strIkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) put a limit on sb/sth 限制或约束某人[某事物]: Fog restricted visibility. 雾天能见度很低. * measures restricting one's freedom, authority, rights 限制自由、 权力、 权利的措施 * Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 市内车速每小时不得超过30英里. * families restricted to (having) one child 受限制只能有一个孩子的家庭 * restrict oneself to one meal a day 限制自己一天吃一顿饭 * You are restricted to eight litres of duty-free wine. 携带的免税酒不得超过八升.
restricted 
adj  1 having certain limitations 有一定限制的; 有限的; 受约束的: restricted access, development,potential 受限制的接触、 发展、 潜力 * The drug has only a restricted commercial use. 这种麻醉药用作商品是极受限制的. * (Brit) a restricted area, ie where speed or parking is strictly controlled 车速或停车限制区.  2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) (Brit) (of land) not fully open to the public （指土地）对公众不完全开放的: enter a restricted zone 进入禁区. (b) (esp US) (of land) not fully open to military personnel （指土地）对军人不完全开放的.
restriction 
/ rI5strIkFn; rI`strIkFEn/ n  1 [U] restricting or being restricted 限制; 约束: restriction of expenditure 对开支的限制.  2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (on sth) instance of this; law, etc that restricts 限制; 约束; 限制性规定: raise, lift, ban, abolish, etc a restriction 撤消限制 * place, impose, enforce, etc a restriction 实行限制 * speed, price, import, etc restrictions 速度、 价格、 进口等限制 * There are currency restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel. 到国外旅行允许携带的款额有所限制. * The sale of firearms is subject to many legal restrictions. 出售枪枝受到许多法律限制.
restrictive
/ rI5strIktIv; rI`strIktIv/ adj  1 restricting 限制（性）的; 约束（性）的: restrictive rulings, measures, etc 限制性的规定、 措施等.  2 (grammar) of a relative clause or phrase that limits or defines the noun which it follows 限制性的: `My friends who live in London' contains a restrictive clause; `my parents, who live in Leeds' does not. *my friends who live in London这一结构中含有限制性从句; my parents, who live in Leeds这一结构中无限制性成分. 
restrictively 
adv. 
restrictiveness 
n [U].
restrictive practices 
(Brit) (in industry) practices that hinder the most effective use of labour, technical resources, etc and hamper efficient production （工业方面的）限制性条条框框（妨碍有效利用劳动力、 技术资源等阻碍提高生产效率的做法）.
restructure
/ 9ri:5strQktFE(r); 9ri`strQktFL/ v [Tn] give a new or different structure or arrangement to (sth) 重建, 改建, 重组, 改组, 重新安排（某事物）: restructure an organization, a proposal, the plot of a novel 改组组织、 调整计画、 重新安排小说的情节. 
restructuring
n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数]: The rating system is undergoing some/a complete restructuring. 房地产税制正在进行某些[全面的]调整.
result
/ rI5zQlt; rI`zQlt/ n  1 (a) [C, U] ~ (of sth) effect or outcome (of sth) 结果; 效果: The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 因有雾该航班误点. * His limp is the result of an accident. 他腿瘸是事故所致. * (fml 文) I was late, with the result that (ie so that) I missed my train. 我迟到了, 没能赶上火车. * All our hard work produced little or no result. 我们辛苦努力无甚结果. * My investigations were without result. 我的调查毫无结果. (b) results [pl] significant and pleasing outcome 成果; 成效: That trainer knows how to get results from his horses. 那个驯马师掌握行之有效的驯马技巧. * begin to show, produce,achieve results 开始显示、 产生、 获得成果.  2 [C] (a) (esppl 尤作复数) ~ (of sth) statement of the score, marks or name of the winner in a sporting event or a competition or an examination, etc （运动、 竞赛、 考试等的）结果, 比分, 成绩, 优胜者: `football, racing, etc results 足球比赛、 速度竞赛等的结果 * have good/bad exam results 考试成绩优良[不佳] * The result of the match was a draw. 比赛结果不分胜负. * announce the results of an election 宣布选举结果. (b) (esp sing 尤作单数) (Brit infml 口) (esp in football) win （尤指足球比赛）获胜, 赢: We desperately need a result from this match. 这场比赛我们务必获胜.  3 [C] answer to a mathematical problem, etc found by calculation （数学问题等通过计算而获得的）答案.
result 
/ rI5zQlt; rI`zQlt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) occur as a result(1a) （因而）发生, 产生, 出现: injuries resulting from a fall 因摔倒而受的伤.  2 (phr v) result in sth have a specified effect or consequence 产生某种作用或结果: Our efforts resulted in success/failure. 我们的努力终於成功[失败]了. * The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles/missile reduction. 谈判结果削减了导弹数量.
resultant 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) happening as a result or consequence 因而发生的; 必然产生的: the resultant profit from reducing staff and increasing sales 因裁员和增加销量而获得的收益.
resume
/ rI5zju:m; ?@ -5zu:m; rI`zum/ v (fml 文)  1 [I,Tn, Tg] begin (sth) again or continue (sth) after stoppingfor a time 重新开始（某事物）; （停顿後）继续进行（某事物）: Hostilities resumed after the cease-fire. 停火过後, 战事再度爆发. * resume a flight, voyage, trip, etc 继续飞行、 航海、 旅行等 * resume (one's) work, efforts, labours, etc 重新开始工作、 努力、 劳动等 * Resume reading where you left off. 从停下的地方接著往下读吧.  2 [Tn] take or occupy (sth) again 重新得到或占有（某事物）: She resumed her maiden name after the divorce. 她离婚後重新使用娘家的姓. * resume one's seat, ie sit down again 重新坐下 * resume possession of a title 恢复头衔.
resume
/ 5rezju:meI; ?@ 9rezU5meI; 9rZzJ`me/ n  1 summary 摘要; 概要: give a resume of the evidence, plot, meeting 作证言的摘要、 情节的梗概、 会议的纪要.  2 (US) = curriculum vitae (curriculum).
resumption
/ rI5zQmpFn; rI`zQmpFEn/ n [U, sing] (fml 文) (instance of) resuming (resume 1) （停顿後的）重新开始, 继续进行; 重新取得或占有; 恢复: no immediate resumption of building work 建筑施工没有立即恢复 * a resumption of hostilities, activites, negotiations 战事、 活动、 谈判的重新开始.
resurface
/ 9ri:5s\:fIs; ri`s[fIs/ v  1 [Tn] put a newsurface on (a road, etc) 给（路等）铺设新路面: resurfacingwork on the motorway 高速公路更新路面的作业.  2 [I] come to the surface again 重新升至表面; 重新露面: The submarine resurfaced. 潜艇重新浮出水面. * (fig 比喻) Old prejudices began to resurface. 旧的偏见又冒了出来.
resurgent
/ rI5s\:dVEnt; rI`s[dVEnt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) rising or reviving after destruction, defeat, disappearance, etc 复苏的; 复兴的; 恢复生机或活力的: a resurgent economy 复苏的经济 * resurgent hope, nationalism 重新燃起的希望、 重新抬头的民族主义. 
resurgence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U, sing]: a sudden resurgence of interest in Victorian art 对维多利亚时代的艺术重新激发起的兴趣.
resurrect
/ 9rezE5rekt; 9rZzE`rZkt/ v [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻)  1 bring (sb) back to life again 使（某人）复活: That noise is enough to resurrect the dead! 那噪音都能把死人吵活!  2 revive (a practice, etc); bring back into use 使（某种做法）复兴; 重新使用: resurrect old customs, habits, traditions, etc 恢复旧的习俗、 习惯、 传统等 * (joc 谑) resurrect an old dress from the sixties 让六十年代的旧式连衣裙起死回生.
resurrection 
/ 9rezE5rekFn; 9rZzE`rZkFEn/ n  1 the Resurrection [sing] (religion 宗) (a) the rising of Jesus from the tomb 耶稣复活. (b) the rising of all the dead at the Last Judgement （最後审判日）所有死者之复活.  2 [U, sing] (fml fig 文, 比喻) revival after disuse, inactivity, etc 恢复使用、 活动等: a resurrection of hope 希望的复萌.
resuscitate
/ rI5sQsIteIt; rI`sQsE9tet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sb/sth) back to consciousness 使（某人[某物]）恢复知觉; 苏醒: resuscitate a boy rescued from drowning使溺水获救的男孩苏醒过来. 
resuscitation
/ rI9sQsI5teIFn; rI9sQsE`teFEn/ n [U]: their efforts/attempts at resuscitation 他们为使人苏醒过来而做的努力[尝试].
ret (also retd) 
abbr 缩写 =  1 retired.  2 returned.
retail
/ 5ri:teIl; `ritel/ n [U] selling of goods, which are usu not for resale, in small quantities to the general public 零售; 零卖: outlets (ie shops) for the retail of leather goods 皮革制品零售店 * [attrib 作定语] retail businesses, traders 零售生意、 零售商 * manufacturer's recommended retail price 9.99 厂家建议的零售价格为9.99英镑 * the retail price index, ie the record of average retail prices 零售价格指数. Cf 参看 wholesale.
retail 
adv by retail 零售: Do you buy wholesale or retail? 你是整批买还是零买?
retail 
v  1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) at/for sth be sold or sell (sth) retail at (a price) 以（某价格）零售（某物）: These biros retail at/for 70p. 这些圆珠笔零售价为70便士.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) give (details of gossip, scandal, etc) to others, usu repeatedly 传播（闲话、 流言蜚语等）（通常指屡次地）.
retailer 
n tradesman who sells by retail 零售商.
retain
/ rI5teIn; rI`ten/ v [Tn] (esp fml 尤作文雅语)  1 keep (sth) in one's possession or use 保持或保留（某物）: We retained the original fireplace when we decorated the room. 我们装修房间时保留了原有的壁炉.  2 continue to have (sth); not lose 仍然有（某事物）; 未丧失; 保住: Despite losing his job he retains his pension. 他虽然失去了工作, 但仍然享有养老金. * These roses retain their scent. 这些玫瑰花仍有余香. * He is 90 but still retains (the use of) all his faculties. 他已90高龄, 但身体功能都很好. * The police retained control of the situation. 警方仍然控制著局势.  3 keep (sth) in one's memory 记住（某事物）: be able to retain numbers, dates, facts, etc 能记住数目、 日期、 事实等 * She retains a clear impression/memory of the incident. 她对那件事印象很深[记得很清楚].  4 keep (sth) in place; hold or contain 止住（某物）; 保持; 容纳: A dyke was built to retain the floods. 修了一道堤坝挡住洪水. * Clay soil retains water. 黏土能保持水分.  5 (law 律) book the services of (esp a barrister) by making a payment 付定金聘请（尤指讼务律师）: a retaining fee 聘用定金.
retainer 
n  1 fee paid to sb (esp a barrister) in advance for services as and when one may need them聘用定金（尤指预付给讼务律师的）: [attrib 作定语] a retainer agreement 预付聘用费的协议.  2 reduced rent paid to reserve a flat, etc for one's use while one is absent from it （为外出期间保留租房等而付的）定金.3 (arch 古) servant, esp one who has been with a family or person for a long time 仆人（尤指服务多年的）: (joc 谑) an old family retainer 老家仆.
retaining wall 
wall built to support a mass of earth or to confine water 挡土墙; 挡水墙; 拥壁.
retake
/ 9ri:5teIk; ri`tek/ v (pt retook / -5tUk; -`tJk/, pp retaken / -5teIkEn; -`tekEn/) [Tn]  1 capture (sth) again 再拿, 再取, 夺回（某物）: retake a fortress, ship, town 夺回要塞、 轮船、 城市.  2 photograph or film (sth) again 重拍（照片、 影片等）: retake a shot, scene, etc 重拍一个镜头、 场面等.  3 sit (an examination, etc) again; resit 重新（考试等）; 补考: retake the physics paper 补考物理.
retake 
/ 5ri:teIk; `ri9tek/ n (infml 口)  1 second, etc filming of a scene （电影镜头的）重拍: do several retakes 多次重拍.  2 (person attending a) second, etc sitting of an examination; resit 重考; 补考; 参加重考或补考的人.
retaliate
/ rI5tAlIeIt; rI`tAlI9et/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) repay an injury, insult, etc with a similar one 报复: He slapped his sister, who retaliated by kicking him. 他打了妹妹一巴掌, 他妹妹回敬他一脚. * If we impose import duties, other countries may retaliate against us. 我们若徵收进口税, 别的国家就可能报复我们.
retaliation 
/ rI9tAlI5eIFn; rI9tAlI`eFEn/ n [U] ~(against sb/sth); ~ (for sth) retaliating 报复: immediate retaliation against the striking miners 对罢工的矿工立即采取的报复行动 * a terrorist bomb attack in retaliation for recent arrests 恐怖分子为报复最近的逮捕行动而进行的炸弹袭击.
retaliatory 
/ rI5tAlIEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`tAlIE9tRrI/ adj done or meant as retaliation 报复的; 报复性的: take retaliatory measures, actions, etc 采取报复手段、 行动等 * The raid was purely retaliatory. 这次袭击完全是报复性的.
retard
/ rI5tB:d; rI`tBrd/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (sth) slow or late 使（某物）放慢或迟缓: retard the mechanism, eg of a clock 使机械装置减速（如时钟的） * retard thespark, eg of an engine 使点火延迟（如发动机的）.  2 slow the progress or development of (sb/sth); hinder 阻碍（某人[某事物]）的进步或发展; 妨碍: Lack of sun retards plant growth. 光照不足则植物生长缓慢.
retardation 
/ 9ri:tB:5deIFn; 9ritBr`deFEn/ n [U]: mental retardation 智力迟钝.
retarded 
adj backward in physical or (esp) mental development 身体或（尤指）精神发育迟缓的; 智力迟钝的: be severely (mentally) retarded （智力）发育极为迟缓.
retch
/ retF; rZtF/ v [I] make the sounds and movements of vomiting, esp involuntarily, but without bringing anything up from the stomach 乾哕; 乾呕.
retd
abbr 缩写 = ret.
retell
/ 9ri:5tel; ri`tZl/ v (pt, pp retold / -5tEUld; -`told/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) tell (a story, etc) again, in a different way or in a different language （以不同方式或语言）复述（故事等）: Greek myths retold for children 为儿童讲的希腊神话.
retention
/ rI5tenFn; rI`tZnFEn/ n [U, sing] (fml 文)1 possession or use of sth 具有; 具备; 享有; 享用: retention of one's rights, privileges, etc 权利、 特权等的享有 * the full retention of one's (mental) faculties （心智）能力的健全.  2 ability to remember things 记忆力; 记性: her limited/extraordinary powers of retention 她那有限的[非凡的]记忆力 * show an amazing retention of facts, details, childhood impressions, etc 显示出对事实、 细节、 儿时情景等的惊人记忆力.  3 action of holding sth in position or containing it 挡住; 拦阻; 保持; 保留; 容纳: the retention of flood waters, crowds 拦住洪水、 人群 * suffer from retention of urine, ie failure to pass it out from the bladder 患闭尿症（不能排尿）.
retentive
/ rI5tentIv; rI`tZntIv/ adj  1 (of the memory) having the ability to remember facts, impressions, etc （指记忆力）有记性的, 记忆力强的.  2 having the ability to hold or contain liquid, etc 能保持或容纳液体等的: retentive soil, ie that does not dry out quickly 能保持水分的土壤. 
retentively 
adv. 
retentiveness 
n [U].
rethink
/ 9ri:5WINk; ri`WINk/ v (pt, pp -thought / -5WR:t; -`WRt/)[I, Tn] reconsider or think about (sth) again, esp in order to change it 重新考虑或再想（某事物）（尤指意在更改）: rethink a policy, plan, situation, verdict 重新考虑一政策、 计画、 情况、 裁定 * A good deal of rethinking is needed on this question. 这个问题需要多加考虑.
rethink 
/ 5ri:WINk; `riWINk/ n [sing] (infml 口) act of thinking again 再思考; 反思: have a quick rethink before deciding 再很快考虑一下再做决定.
reticent
/ 5retIsnt; `rZtEsnt/ adj ~ (about/on sth) not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily; reserved 不轻易暴露思想或感情的; 有保留的: be reticent about one's plans 不愿谈自己的计画 * He seemed unduly reticent on the subject of his past. 他似乎对他过去的事情讳莫如深.
reticence 
/ -sns; -sns/ n [U]: He always displays a certain reticence in discussing personal matters. 他在谈论个人问题时总显得有些保留. 
reticently 
adv.
reticulated
/ rI5tIkjUleItId; rI`tIkjE9letId/ (also reticulate / rI5tIkjUleIt; rI`tIkjE9let/) adj (fml 文) divided into a network of small squares or intersecting lines 网状的: the reticulated skin of a snake 蛇的网状的皮.
reticulation 
/ rI9tIkjU5leIFn; rI9tIkjE`leFEn/ n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] net-like pattern or structure 网状图案; 网状结构.
reticule
/ 5retIkju:l; `rZtI9kjul/ n (arch or joc 古或谑) woman's small bag, usu made of net, etc and shaped like a pouch with a drawstring neck （女用）小手提包（通常为网兜式, 可收口）.
retina
/ 5retInE; ?@ 5retEnE; `rZtnE/ n (pl ~s or  -ae /-ni:; -n9i/) layer of membrane at the back of the eyeball,sensitive to light 视网膜. =>illus at eye 见 eye 插图.
retinue
/ 5retInju:; ?@ 5retEnu:; `rZtn9u/ n [CGp] group of attendants accompanying an important person （要人的）一批随员: The Queen was flanked by a retinue of bodyguards and policemen. 女王左右有保镖和警察护卫著. * (joc 谑) the fete organizer and her retinue of helpers 游乐义卖会的组织人和她的一群助手.
retire
/ rI5taIE(r); rI`taIr/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) give up one's regular work, esp because of age 退职;退役; （尤指）退休: retire early, ie before reaching retirement age 提前退休（未达退休年龄） * retire on a pension at 65 於65岁时退休领取养老金 * He will retire from the army/his directorship next year. 他明年从部队退役[从主管职位上退休]. * the retiring union leader 行将退休的工会领导人. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (an employee) to do this 使（雇员）退职或退休: I was retired on full pay. 给我全薪让我退休了. Cf 参看 resign 1.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) (of an army, etc) withdraw voluntarily, esp in order to reorganize, etc （指军队等）主动撤退（尤指以休整等为目的）: Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上. Cf 参看 retreat.  3 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) retreat or go away, esp to somewhere quiet or private 退下, 退出, 离开（尤指到僻静处）: The jury retired (from the courtroom) to consider their verdict. 陪审团退庭以考虑如何裁断. * After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭後就到书房去了. (b) ~ (to sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) go to bed 就寝: I decided to retire early with a book. 我决定带本书早点就寝.  4 [La, I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (in sport) withdraw voluntarily from a game, match, etc （体育运动中）主动退出比赛等: The boxer retired from the contest with eye injuries. 该拳击手因眼部受伤而退出比赛. * The batsman retired hurt. 击球员因伤退场.
retired 
adj having retired from work 退职的; 退休的; 退役的: a retired Civil Servant 退休的公务员.
retiring 
/ rI5taIErIN; rI`taIrIN/ adj avoiding society; shy 过隐居生活的; 孤僻的; 害羞的: Joanna had a gentle retiring disposition. 乔安娜性格温柔而腼腆.
retirement
/ rI5taIEmEnt; rI`taIrmEnt/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) retiring or being retired from work 退职; 退役; 退休: There have been several retirements in my office recently. 最近我那办公室里有几个人退休了. * announce/give notice of one's retirement 宣布[通知]退休 * urge older staff to take early retirement, ie retire before the usual age 敦促年纪较大的职员提前退休 * be well above/below the age of retirement 远远超过[低於]退休年龄 * [attrib 作定语] retirement benefits 退休补助金 * a retirement pension 退休金.  2 [U, sing] condition of being retired from work 退职、 退役、 退休之状况: He lives in retirement in Cornwall. 他在康沃尔郡过退休生活. * a happy and profitable retirement 愉快而有益的退休生活.  3 (idm 习语) go into/come out of retirement leave/return to one's regular work 离[复]职.
retirement age 
age at which people normally retire 退休年龄: reach retirement age 达到退休年龄 * reduce the retirement age for teachers to 55 把教师的退休年龄降低到 55 岁.
retort
/ rI5tR:t; rI`tRrt/ v [Tn, Tf] make a quick, witty or angry reply, esp to an accusation or challenge 反驳; 回嘴: `Nonsense!' she retorted. 她反驳说, ｀一派胡言!＇ * He retorted that it was my fault as much as his. 他反驳说我的错误并不比他的错误小.
retort 
n (a) [U] retorting 反驳; 回嘴: He made a rude sign by way of retort. 他做出粗鲁动作表示反驳. (b) [C] reply of this kind 反驳的回答: make an insolent retort 做出侮慢的答覆.
retort
/ rI5tR:t; rI`tRrt/ n  1 glass vessel with a long narrow neck turned downwards, used for distilling liquids 曲颈甑; 蒸馏甑.  2 receptacle used in making gas or steel （制煤气、 炼钢用的）蒸馏罐.
retouch
/ 9ri:5tQtF; ri`tQtF/ v [Tn] improve or alter (a photograph, painting, etc) by removing flaws or making minor changes 修整（照片、 画等）（以除去瑕疵或作一些微小的改变）.
retrace
/ ri:5treIs; rI`tres/ v [Tn]  1 go back over or repeat (a journey, route, etc) exactly 折返或重行（原路程、 路线等）: retrace one's steps, ie return the way one came 顺原路折回.  2 recall a series of (past actions, etc) 回忆, 回顾, 追溯（经过情形等）: Police retraced the movements of the murder victim. 警方追溯了那被谋杀者当时的情形.
retract
/ rI5trAkt; rI`trAkt/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文)  1 withdraw (a statement, charge, etc) 撤回或撤消（声明、 指控等）: The accused refused to retract (his statement). 那被告拒不撤消（其供述）.  2 refuse to honour or keep (an agreement, etc) 拒绝执行或遵守（协议等）: retract a promise, an offer, etc 食言、 撤消提议.  3 move or pull (sth) back or in 缩回或拉回（某物）: The undercarriage on light aircraft does not always retract in flight. 轻型飞机飞行时起落架不一定缩回.
retractable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be drawn in 可缩进的; 可拉入的: a retractable undercarriage 伸缩式起落架.
retractile 
/ rI5trAktaIl; ?@ -tl; rI`trAktl/ adj that can be retracted (retract 3) 可缩回的; 可拉回的: A cat's claws are retractile. 猫的爪能缩回.
retraction 
/ rI5trAkFn; rI`trAkFEn/ n (a) [U] retracting 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入. (b) [C] instance of this 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入: publish a retraction of the charge 宣布撤回指控.
retread
/ 9ri:5tred; ri`trZd/ v (pt, pp -ed) (also remould, US remold / 9ri:5mEUld; ri`mold/, US also ,recap) [Tn] provide (an old tyre) with a new tread(n 3) 给（旧轮胎）装新胎面.
retread 
/ 5ri:tred; `ri9trZd/ (also remould, US remold / 5ri:mEUld; `ri9mold/, US also `recap) n tyre made by moulding rubber onto an old foundation 翻新的旧轮胎.
retreat
/ rI5tri:t; rI`trit/ v [I, Ipr, In/pr]  1 (esp of an army, etc) withdraw after being defeated or when faced with danger or difficulty （尤指军队等）（战败後或面临危险或困难时）撤退, 退却: force the enemy to retreat (behind their lines) 迫使敌人退却（至其阵线後） * crowds retreating before police fire hoses 面对警方的消防水龙而退却的群众 * We retreated half a mile. 我们後撤了半英里. Cf 参看 advance2 2.  2 (fig 比喻) go away to a place of shelter or privacy 退避; 回避至自己的范围: retreat into a world of fantasy 遁入幻想世界 * retreat from the public eye 避开公众的眼睛. Cf 参看 retire.
retreat 
n  1 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] act or instance of retreating 撤退; 退却: The minister made an undignified retreat from his earlier position. 那部长很不光彩地背离了他原先的立场. * an orderly retreat from the camp 秩序井然的撤营 * The army was in full retreat. 军队已全线撤退.  2 the retreat [sing] military signal for this 撤退信号: sound the retreat, eg on a drum or bugle 发出撤退信号（如击鼓或吹号）.  3 (a) [U] withdrawal into privacy or seclusion 退避; 隐遁. (b) [C] place suitable for this 静居处; 隐居处: spend weekends at my country retreat 在我的乡间僻静处过周末. (c) [U, C] (religion 宗) period of withdrawalfrom worldly activities for prayer and meditation 静修（期间）: go into/be in retreat 去静修[於静修中] * make an annual retreat 进行一年一度的静修.  4 (idm 习语) beat a retreat => beat1.
retrench
/ rI5trentF; rI`trZntF/ v (fml 文)  1 [I] make economies or reduce expenses 节省; 削减费用; 紧缩开支: Inflation has forced us to retrench. 因通货膨胀我们不得不紧缩开支.  2 [Tn] reduce the amount of (moneyspent) 削减（费用）; 紧缩（开支）: retrench one's expenditure减少花费.
retrenchment 
n (a) [U] retrenching 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支. (b) [C] instance of this 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支.
retrial
/ 9ri:5traIEl; ri`traIEl/ n action of trying a lawsuit again; new trial 再审; 复审: The judge ordered a retrial because of irregularities. 因初审不合规则, 法官下令复审.
retribution
/ 9retrI5bju:Fn; 9rZtrE`bjuFEn/ n [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) deserved punishment or compensation for injury, etc （由於伤害等）应得的惩罚或赔偿: jailed in retribution for his crimes （他）因犯罪而受监禁 * make retribution to God for one's sins 向上帝赎罪 * the day, hour, moment, etc of retribution 报应的日子、 时刻、 瞬间等.
retributive 
/ rI5trIbjUtIv; rI`trIbjEtIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] happening or inflicted as retribution 作为惩罚而发生或施予的; 惩罚性的; 报应的: retributive `justice 因果报应.
retrieve
/ rI5tri:v; rI`triv/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (esp fml 尤作庄重语) get possession of sth again 重新获得某物; 取回某物: retrieve one's suitcase from the left luggage office 从行李寄存处取回衣箱 * (joc 谑) I must retrieve my credit card from the waiter. 我得向服务员要回信用卡.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) find again or extract (stored information) 检索（储存的信息）: retrieve data from a disk 检索储存在磁盘中的资料 * retrieve an address from the files 从文件中检索地址.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) set right (a loss, an error, etc) 挽回（损失）; 纠正（错误等）: He retrieved his losses by betting on a succession of winners. 他下的赌注连续获胜才挽回了损失. * We can only retrieve the situation by reducing our expenses. 我们只有缩减开支才能扭转这种状况.  4 [I, Tn] (of a trained dog) find and bring back (dead or wounded birds, etc) （指经过训练的狗）找到并衔回（被打死或打伤的鸟等）.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) restore sth to a flourishing state; revive sth 使某事物恢复旺盛状态; 复兴某事物: retrieve one's fortunes 恢复自己丰裕的生活.
retrievable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) that can be retrieved 可检索的.
retrieval 
/ -vl; -vl/ n [U] (fml 文) retrieving or being retrieved 重获; 取回; 检索; 挽回; 恢复: the retrieval of the company's fortunes 该公司之挽回财产损失 * a match lost beyond all hope of retrieval 毫无挽回获胜希望而输定的比赛 * (computing 计) information retrieval 信息检索.
retriever 
n dog of a breed which is often trained to retrieve game 经训练常用以寻回猎物的一种猎犬.
retro-
pref 前缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) back or backwards 後; 向後; 在後: retroactive * retrograde * retro-rocket.
retro-rocket
/ 5retrEUrCkIt; `rZtro9rBkIt/ n rocket engine providing power in the opposite direction to the path of flight and used to slow down or alter the course of a spacecraft, etc 制动火箭; 减速火箭.
retroactive
/ 9retrEU5AktIv; 9rZtro`AktIv/ adj (fml 文) effective from a past date 溯及既往的 ; 有追溯效力的: The new law was made retroactive to 1 January, ie as if it had come into effect then. 新法令生效日期可追溯到1月1日. 
retroactively 
adv.
retroflex
/ 5retrEfleks; `rZtrE9flZks/ (also retroflexed /-kst; -kst/) adj [attrib 作定语] (phonetics 语音) (of a sound) made by bending the tip of the tongue upwards and backwards （指声音）卷舌的, 卷舌音的.
retrograde
/ 5retrEgreId; `rZtrE9^red/ adj (fml 文)  1 going backwards 向後的; 後退的: retrograde motion 逆向运动.  2 getting worse; returning to a less good condition 退化的; 恶化的; 衰退的: a retrograde policy, step 倒退的政策、 一步.
retrogress
/ 9retrE5gres; 9rZtrE`^rZs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文)  1 go backwards 後退; 倒退.  2 get worse or deteriorate 恶化; 衰退.
retrogression 
/ 9retrE5greFn; 9rZtrE`^rZFEn/ n [U] return to a less advanced state; decline 退步; 退化; 衰退; 衰落.
retrogressive 
adj. 
retrogressively 
adv.
retrospect
/ 5retrEspekt; `rZtrE9spZkt/ n (idm 习语) in retrospect looking back on a past event or situation 回顾; 追溯: In retrospect, it's easy to see why we were wrong. 回顾过去就很容易明白我们的错处了.
retrospection 
/ 9retrE5spekFn; 9rZtrE`spZkFEn/ n [U] action of looking back on past events, experiences, etc 回顾; 追溯.
retrospective 
/ 9retrE5spektIv; 9rZtrE`spZktIv/ adj  1 looking back on the past 回顾的: retrospective views, thoughts, etc 回顾过去的观点、 想法等 * a retrospective exhibition of the painter's work 那画家作品的回顾展.  2 (of laws, payments, etc) applying to the past as well as the future; retroactive （指法律、 支付关系等）溯及既往的, 有追溯效力的: The legislation was made retrospective.该项法规具有追溯效力. * a retrospective (ie back-dated) pay rise 有追溯效力的加薪.  n exhibition tracing the development of a painter, sculptor, etc （画家、 雕塑家等作品的）回顾展. 
retrospectively 
adv.
retrousse
/ rE5tru:seI; ?@ 9retrU5seI; 9rZtrJ`se/ adj (French esp approv 法, 尤作褒义) (of the nose) turned up at the end （指鼻子）尖端上翘的.
retry
/ 9ri:5traI; ri`traI/ v (pt, pp retried) [Tn] try (a lawsuit or a defendant) again 重审, 复审（案件或被告）: There are calls for the case to be retried. 该案有必要重审.
retsina
/ ret5si:nE; ?@ 5retsInE; `rZtsInE/ n [U, C] Greek wine flavoured with resin 一种带有松香味的希腊葡萄酒.
return
/ rI5t\:n; rI`t[n/ v  1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (to...) (from...)come or go back to a place 回; 返回: return (home) from a holiday 度假归来 * return to Paris from London 从伦敦回巴黎 * She returned to collect her umbrella. 她回来取伞. (b) ~ (to sb/sth) come or go back to an earlier activity or condition 恢复原先的活动或情况: doubts, symptoms, suspicions that return constantly 经常反覆出现的疑惑、 症状、 怀疑 * My good humour/spirits soon returned. 我的心情[情绪]很快又好起来了. * I shall return to this point (ie discuss it again) later. 我稍後再谈这个问题. * return to one's old habits 恢复旧习惯 * The bus service has returned to normal after the strike. 罢工结束後公共汽车恢复了正常的运营.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sth/sb) bring, give, put or send sth back 带回、 归还、 放回或送回某物: Please return all empties, ie empty milk bottles. 请把空瓶全部退回. * (fml 文) She returned the bird to its cage. 她把鸟放回笼子里. * I returned the letter unopened. 我把那封信原封退回了. * Please return me my 5/return my 5 to me. 请把我的5英镑还给我. (b) [Tn] give (sth) in response; reciprocate 给予（某事物）作为报答; 回报; 回礼: return an invitation, a visit 回请、 回访 * return a greeting, stare, salute, etc 回应问候、 回瞪一眼、 还礼 * return a compliment/favour 回应赞语[报答恩惠] * I cannot return your love/affection. 我无法回报你的爱[情意]. * The enemy returned our fire. 敌人向我们还击. * He returned the blow smartly. 他狠狠地还击了一拳. (c) [Tn] (in cricket, tennis, etc) send (a ball) back （板球、 网球等）回击（球）: return a shot, service, volley, etc 把对方的抽球、 发球、 凌空球击回.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) state or describe (sth) officially, esp in reply to a formal demand for information 正式宣布或表明（某事物）（尤指回应正式的询问）: return the details of one's income, ie to a tax inspector 申报个人收入细目（报税） * The jury returned a verdict of guilty. 陪审团宣布裁决被告有罪.  4 [Tn] give (sth) as profit 产生（利润）: Our investment accounts return a high rate of interest. 我们的投资项目利润回报很高.  5 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) elect sb as a Member of Parliament 选举某人为议员: He was returned to Parliament with a decreased majority. 他以有所减少的多数票当选为议员. * Smith was returned as MP for Bath. 史密斯当选为巴斯市的议员.  6 [Tn] (dated 旧) say (sth) in answer; reply 回答说（某话）; 答覆: `Never!' he returned curtly. ｀决不!＇他唐突地答道.  7 (idm 习语) return to the `fold (fml 文) rejoin a group of people, esp a religious or political group with similar beliefs or aims 重新加入组织（尤指具有相同之信仰或目标的宗教或政治组织）.
returnable 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can or must be returned 可以或必须返回、 归还、 退还、 送回等的: returnable bottles, crates, etc 可回收的瓶子、 板条箱等.
returnee 
/ 9rIt\:r5ni:; rI9t[`ni/ n (US) person who returns from military service abroad, esp after a war 从国外服役归来的军人（尤指战後）.
returning officer 
(Brit) official who conducts an election in a constituency and announces the result 选举监察官（负责选区内选举事宜并宣布选举结果者）.
return
/ rI5t\:n; rI`t[n/ n  1 [sing] (a) ~ (to...) (from...)coming or going back to a place 返回: on my return home (from Italy), ie when I got/get back 我（从意大利）回国时 * [attrib 作定语] a return trip, voyage, flight, etc 陆上、 海上、 空中等的回程. (b) ~ (to sth) coming or going back to an earlier activity or condition 恢复原先的活动或情况: a return of my doubts, symptoms, suspicions 我的疑惑、 症状、 怀疑再次出现 * the return of spring 春之归来 * a return to normal working hours, old habits 正常工作时间、 旧习惯的恢复.  2 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) bringing, giving, putting or sending back 带回; 归还; 放回; 送回: the return of library books, milk bottles, faulty goods 图书馆借阅书籍的归还、 牛奶瓶的回收、 残货的退货 * The deposit is refunded on return of the vehicle. 押金於归还车辆时退还. * no deposit, no return, eg as a notice on a non-returnable bottle, etc 不收押金亦不退瓶等（告示用语） * These flowers are a small return (ie token of thanks) for your kindness. 向您献花聊表谢忱. * Her return of service (ie at tennis) was very fast. 她击回发球很快（在网球赛中）. * [attrib 作定语] return shots 击回抽球.  3 [C] official report or statement, esp one made in reply to a formal demand 正式报告或陈述（尤指回应正式要求的）: make one's`(income-)tax return 做所得税的申报 * the e`lection returns, ie figures of the voting at an election 选举结果报告（公布票数）.  4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (on sth) profit from a transaction, etc 赢利; 收益: disappointing returns on capital, investment, etc 令人失望的资本、 投资等的收益 * You'll get a good return on these shares. 投资这种股票可获优厚利润. * small profits and quick returns, ie the theory behind businesses that rely on large sales and a quick turnover 薄利多销.  5 [C] (Brit) (US round trip) ticket for a journey to a place and back again 来回票; 往返票; 双程票: weekend, period, etc returns 周末的、 定期的...双程票 * a ,day-`return to London, ie valid only for the day of issue 去伦敦的当日往返票. Cf 参看 single 5.  6 [C] theatre ticket bought and then sold back to the box-office （购买後又退还票房的）退票: queuing for returns 排队购买退票.  7 (idm 习语) by re`turn (of `post) (Brit) by the next post 由下一班邮递: Please reply by return. 请即赐覆. * Write now to this address and we will send you a free sample by return. 按此地址函索即免费寄奉样品. in return (for sth) as payment or reward (for sth) 作为（对某物）的付款或回报: I bought him a drink in return for his help. 我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助. many happy returns => happy. the point of no return => point1. sale or return => sale.
return fare 
(Brit) fare needed for a journey to a place and back again 往返路费.
return game, return match 
second game or match between the same opponents （原对手的）再次交锋.
return ticket 
(US ,round-trip `ticket) = return 5.
reunion
/ 9ri:5ju:nIEn; ri`junjEn/ n  1 [U] reuniting or being reunited 再联合; 重聚: a reunion between the two sisters 姊妹俩的重聚 * the reunion of the Democrats with the Liberals 民主党人与自由党人的再次联合.  2 [C] social gathering of people who were formerly friends, colleagues, etc （昔日朋友、 同事等的）团聚, 联谊活动: emotional, touching, etc reunions 令人感动的、 激动的...团聚 * a family reunion at Christmas 圣诞节的合家团聚 * have/hold an annual reunion of war veterans 举行一年一度的老战友联欢会 * [attrib 作定语] a reunion dinner, celebration 重聚宴会、 庆祝会.
reunite
/ 9ri:ju:5naIt; 9riju`naIt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause sb/sth to) come together again （使某人[某事物]）再次联合, 重聚: her hopes of reuniting with her family 她与家人团聚的希望 * attempts to reunite the Labour Party 为使工党重新团结起来的努力 * Parents were reunited with their lost children. 父母与失散的孩子们团圆了.
reuse
/ 9ri:5ju:z; ri`juz/ v [Tn] use (sth) again 再用, 重新使用（某物）: reuse an old envelope 使用旧信封.
reuse 
/ 9ri:5ju:s; ri`jus/ n [U] using or being used again 再用; 重新使用.
reusable 
/ 9ri:5ju:zEbl; ri`juzEbl/ adj that can be used again 可再次使用的; 可重复使用的: reusable envelopes 可再次使用的信封 * reusable (ie rechargeable) batteries 可重复使用的电池（可充电的）.
rev
/ rev; rZv/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) revolutionof an engine （发动机的）旋转: run at maximum revs 开动发动机至最高转速 * doing a steady 4000 revs (per minute) 达到（每分钟）4000转的恒定转速.
rev 
v (-vv-)  1 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an engine) revolve; increase the speed of revolution （指发动机）旋转, 加快转速.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause (an engine) to run esp quickly, as when starting a car 使（发动机）运转（尤指快速, 如起动汽车时）: Don't rev the engine so hard. 别让发动机转得太快. * Rev it up to warm the engine. 让发动机转起来预热.
Rev (also Revd) 
abbr 缩写 = Reverend: Rev George Hill （乔治·）希尔牧师. Cf 参看 Rt Rev.
revalue
/ 9ri:5vAlju:; ri`vAlju/ v  1 [Tn] reassess the value of (sth) 对（某物）重新估价: have your house revalued at today's prices 把你的房子按今日价格重新估价.  2 [I, Tn] increase the exchange value of (a currency) 调高（货币）的兑换价; 使（货币）升值: The franc is to be revalued. 法郎的兑换价要调高. Cf 参看 devalue.
revaluation 
/ 9ri:vAlju:5eIFn; 9rivAlju`eFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) revaluing 重新估价; （货币的）升值: property revaluation 房地产的重新估价 * (a) further revaluation of the yen 日元的进一步升值.
revamp
/ 9ri:5vAmp; ri`vAmp/ v [Tn] (infml 口) renew (sth), esp superficially; improve the appearance of 将（某物）更新（尤指外观）; 翻新: revamp an old comedy routine with some new jokes 修改一个旧的喜剧节目使之增加些新笑料 * The department was revamped to try to improve its performance. 该部门进行了改组以改进工 作. * revamp a kitchen, study, etc, ie decorate or modernize it 装修厨房、 书房等.
reveal
/ rI5vi:l; rI`vil/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.t, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) make (facts, etc) known 使（事实等）显露出来; 透露; 泄露; 揭露: reveal secrets, details, methods, faults, feelings 泄露秘密、 披露详情、 透露方法、 揭露错误、 流露感情 * The survey revealed that the house was damp. 那所房子经检视表明很潮湿. * I can't reveal who told me. 我不能透露是谁告诉我的. * Her answers revealed her to be innocent. 她的回答显示出她无辜. * The doctor did not reveal the truth to him. 医生没有向他透露真相. * Teachers revealed to the press that they were going on strike/what action they were taking. 教师向报界透露他们将举行罢教[正在采取的行动].  2 [Tn] cause or allow (sth) to be seen 展现或显示（某物）: The open door revealed an untidy kitchen. 透过敞开的房门可以看见凌乱的厨房. * Close examination revealed a crack in the vase. 花瓶经仔细检查发现有裂璺.
revealing 
adj  1 making (facts, etc) known 揭露（事实等）的; 暴露真相的: a revealing slip of the tongue, disclosure, comment 暴露真相的失言、 揭发、 评论 * This document is extremely revealing. 这份文件揭露出大量事实.  2 (usu preceded by very, most, rather, etc 通常用於very、 most、 rather等之後) causing or allowing (sth) to be seen 展现或显示（某物）的; 显露的: The X-ray was very revealing. 在X射线照射下问题十分清楚. * a rather revealing (ie low-cut) dress 袒胸露肩的连衣裙.
revealed religion 
religion believed to have been revealed to mankind directly by God 天启教（据信为直接由上帝启示於人类的宗教）.
reveille
/ rI5vAlI; ?@ 5revElI; `rZvlI/ n (also the reveille) [sing] military bugle, drum, etc signal to soldiers to get up in the morning （军队的）起床号、 鼓等: sound (the) 5.30 reveille 5点30分吹起床号.
revel
/ 5revl; `rZvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [I, Ipr] (dated or joc 旧或谑) make merry; celebrate noisily 作乐; 狂欢: revelling until dawn 狂欢达旦.  2 (phr v) revel in sth/doing sth take great delight in sth 尽情享受某事情; 沉迷於某事物: revelling in her new-found freedom 充分享受她新获得的自由 * revel in wielding power 醉心於行使权力.
revel 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) (dated 旧) noisy celebrations 狂欢: holding midnight revels 举行午夜狂欢会.
reveller (US reveler) 
/ 5revElE(r); `rZvlL/ n (dated or joc 旧或谑) merry-maker 寻欢作乐的人: late-night revellers leaving the pubs 夜深时分离开酒馆的寻欢作乐者.
revelation
/ 9revE5leIFn; 9rZvl`eFEn/ n  1 [U] making known sth that was secret or hidden; revealing 显露; 泄露; 透露; 揭露: divine revelation of truth 上帝对真理的启示 * the revelation of his identity 他的身分之暴露.2 [C] that which is revealed, esp sth surprising 被揭露的事, 暴露出来的事（尤指出人意料者）: scandalous revelations in the press 新闻界对丑闻的揭露 * His Hamlet was a revelation to the critics, ie They did not expect him to act so well. 他扮演的哈姆雷特使评论界耳目一新（未料到演得如此之好）.  3 Revelation (Bible 《圣经》) the last book of the New Testament, also called The Revelation of St John the Divine, or (incorrectly) Revelations 《启示录》（《圣经·新约》的最後一卷）.
revelry
/ 5revlrI; `rZvlrI/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] noisy celebrations; revels 狂欢; 作乐: The revelries went on all night. 狂欢活动通宵达旦. * sounds of drunken revelry 酗酒作乐的吵闹声.
revenge
/ rI5vendV; rI`vZndV/ n  1 [U] deliberate punishment or injury inflicted in return for what one has suffered 复仇; 报复: thirsting for revenge 渴望报仇雪恨 * (saying 谚) Revenge is sweet. 报仇的滋味是甜的.  2 [U] desire to inflict this; vindictiveness 复仇的欲望; 报复心: done in the spirit of revenge 在报复心驱使下干的.  3 [U] opportunity given to an opponent in a return game to reverse the result of an earlier one 使败方有机会获胜的再次比赛: give Leeds their revenge 让利兹队有雪耻机会的比赛.  4 (idm 习语) get/have/take one's revenge (on sb) (for sth); take revenge (on sb) (for sth) return an injury 报仇; 报复: They swore to take their revenge on the kidnappers. 他们发誓要向绑架者报仇. out of/in revenge (for sth) in order to return an injury 为了报复: Terrorists bombed the police station in revenge for the arrests. 恐怖分子用炸弹袭击了警察局报复逮捕行动.
revenge 
v  1 [Tn] (a) do sth to get satisfaction for (an offence, etc) 为（某事）报仇; 洗雪（耻辱等）: revenge an injustice, injury, insult, etc 对受到的冤屈、 伤害、 侮辱进行报复. (b) avenge (sb) 为（某人）报仇: determined to revenge his dead brother 决心替他死去的哥哥报仇.  2[Tn.pr] ~ oneself on sb get satisfaction by deliberatelyinflicting injury on sb in return for injury inflicted on oneself 向某人报仇.  3 (idm 习语) be revenged on sb revenge oneself on sb 向某人报仇.
revengeful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj feeling or showing a desire for revenge 复仇的; 报复的. 
revengefully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
revengefulness 
n [U].
revenue
/ 5revEnju:; ?@ -Enu:; `rZvE9nu/ n  1 [U] income, esp the total annual income of the State from taxes, etc 收入; （尤指）岁入: sources, channels of revenue 岁入的来源、 渠道 * public/private revenue 公共的[私人的]收入 * [attrib 作定语] a `revenue tax, ie one producing revenue contrasted with one protecting a country's trade 财政税.  2 revenues [pl] separate items of revenue put together 各项收入; 总收入: the revenues of the City Council 市议会的总收入 * rising/falling oil revenues 逐渐增加的[逐渐减少的]石油收入.
reverberate
/ rI5v\:bEreIt; rI`v[bE9ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) echo or resound repeatedly （反复地）发出回声, 回响; 回荡: The roar of the train reverberated in the tunnel. 火车的轰隆声在隧道里回荡. * The room reverberated with the noise of the shot. 房间里回响著枪声. * (fig 比喻) Shock waves reverberated round the department from the manager's resignation. 经理辞职一事在该部门引起轩然大波.
reverberant 
/ -bErEnt; -bErEnt/ adj (fml 文).
reverberation 
/ rI9v\:bE5reIFn; rI9v[bE`reFEn/ n  1 [U] reverberating or being reverberated 回声; 回响; 回荡; 反响.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] repeated echo 反复的回声: the reverberations of the explosion 爆炸的回声 * (fig 比喻) the continuing reverberations (ie repercussions) of the scandal 该丑闻引起的一连串的反响.
revere
/ rI5vIE(r); rI`vIr/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (fml 文) feel deep respect or (esp religious) veneration for sb/sth 深为尊敬或（尤指宗教上）崇敬某人[某事物]: revere virtue, human life, the church's teaching 崇尚美德、 尊重人的生命、 崇奉教义 * The professor was revered for his immense learning. 那教授学识渊博备受敬重.
reverence
/ 5revErEns; `rZvErEns/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of deep respect or (esp religious) veneration尊敬; （尤指宗教的）崇敬: He removed his hat as a sign of reverence. 他脱下帽子表示敬意. * He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo. 他非常崇拜列奥纳多.  2 [C] (dated or joc 旧或谑) title used in speaking to or about a clergyman 对牧师的尊称: your/his reverence 牧师 * Their reverences will have tea. 牧师要用茶.
reverence 
v [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sb/sth) with reverence; revere 尊敬, 敬重（某人[某事物]）; 崇敬.
reverend
/ 5revErEnd; `rZvErEnd/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 deserving to be treated with respect, esp because of age, etc 应受尊敬的, 值得敬重的（尤指因年纪大等）.  2 the Reverend (abbrs 缩写 Rev, Revd) (used as the title of a clergyman 用作神职人员的尊称): the Rev John/J/Mr Smith 约翰[J]史密斯牧师 (but not 但不可作 the Rev Smith); the Very Reverend, of a dean （指教长）;the Right Reverend, of a bishop （指主教）; the Most Reverend, of an archbishop or Irish Roman Catholic bishop （指大主教或爱尔兰天主教的主教）; the Reverend Father, of a Roman Catholic priest （指天主教的司铎）.
Reverend Mother 
(title of a) Mother Superior of a convent 女修道院院长（的称号）.
reverent
/ 5revErEnt; `rZvErEnt/ adj feeling or showing reverence 虔敬的; 恭敬的: reverent attitudes, gestures, etc 恭敬的态度、 姿势等. > reverently adv: wreaths laid reverently on the coffin 端端正正摆放在灵柩上的花圈.
reverential
/ 9revE5renFl; 9rZvE`rZnFEl/ adj (fml 文) caused by or showing reverence 出於尊敬的; 恭敬的: ushered in with a reverential bow 以鞠躬礼相迎. 
reverentially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv.
reverie
/ 5revErI; `rZvErI/ n [U, C] (state of having) idle and pleasant thoughts 幻想; 空想; 遐想: be deep, sunk, lost in reverie 沉浸在、 沉溺於、 陷入幻想中 * She fell into a reverie about her childhood. 她沉浸在对童年往事的遐思中.
revers
/ rI5vIE(r); rE`vIr/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变 /-IEz; -Irz/) (usu pl 通常作复数) edge of a coat, jacket, etc, turned back to show the reverse side (eg on a lapel or cuff) （大衣、 外套等的）翻边（如翻领或翻袖口的）.
reversal
/ rI5v\:sl; rI`v[sl/ n [C, U]  1 (instance of) making sth the opposite of what it was; turning around 反转; 倒向; 颠倒: a dramatic reversal of her earlier decision 她的突然改变决定 * a reversal of the usual procedures, tendencies, opinions 常规的颠倒、 趋势的扭转、 意见的转变 * (fig 比喻) His luck suffered a cruel reversal, ie change for the worse. 他遭逢厄运.  2 (instance of) exchanging two positions, functions, etc （位置、 功能等的）转换: role reversal/reversal of roles, eg between husband and wife when the husband looks after the house and children while the wife works 角色的转换（如夫妻之间由男方料理家务、 照看小孩而女方工作）.
reverse
/ rI5v\:s; rI`v[s/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] ~ (of/to sth) contrary or opposite to what is expected （与预期的事）相反的; 未料到的: reverse tendencies, processes 相反的趋势、 过程 * Statistics showed a reverse trend to that recorded in other countries. 统计数字表明这种趋向与其他国家所示情况迥异.  2 (idm 习语) in/into reverse `order from the end towards the start; backwards 顺序相反; 反向: Count down in reverse order  10, 9, 8... 倒数--10、 9、 8... * Put the letters in `madam' into reverse order and they still read `madam'. 把madam这个字的字母排列顺序颠倒过来, 仍读作madam.
reverse gear 
= reverse 2 4a.
reverse turn 
= reverse 2 4b.
reverse
/ rI5v\:s; rI`v[s/ n  1 [sing] the ~ (of sth) thing that is the contrary or opposite to what is expected （与预期的事）相反的事物; 未料到的情况: In hot weather, the reverse happens/applies. 在热天, 情况相反. * Children's shoes aren't cheap  quite the reverse. 儿童的鞋并不便宜--反而更贵. * (fml 文) You were the (very) reverse of polite, ie You were rude. 你（非常）无礼貌.  2 [sing] (a) (design on the) underside or back of a coin, medal, etc （钱币、 徽章等的）反面, 背面（的图案）: The 50p coin has a crowned lion on its reverse. 50便士硬币反面的图案是个戴皇冠的狮子. Cf 参看 obverse. (b) underside or back of sth 底面; 反面; 背部: flaws on the reverse of the silk 这丝织品背面的瑕疵 * a maker's mark on the reverse of a plate 盘子底部的厂家标记.  3 [C] (fml 文) (a) change for the worse; misfortune 逆转; 挫折; 不幸; 灾难: We suffered some serious (financial) reverses. 我们（在财务上）受到一些严重挫折. (b) defeat 失败; 失利: a sudden reverse in the guerrilla campaign 游击战的突然失败 * a reverse at the polls, ie a poor election result 选举中的失利.  4 (a) [U, C usu sing作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] (also reverse `gear) control used to make a vehicle travel backwards （机动车的）倒挡: Put the car into reverse. 汽车挂上倒挡. * cars with five forward gears and a reverse 有五个前进挡和一个倒挡的汽车. (b) [C] (also reverse `turn) turn made while driving backwards 倒车转弯: I can't do reverses. 我不会倒车转弯.  5 [C] device that reverses sth 换向装置; 回动装置; 反向齿轮: an automatic ribbon reverse, ie on a typewriter 色带自动换向装置（打字机上的）.  6 (idm 习语) in/into re`verse from the end towards the start; backwards 顺序相反; 反向: Ambulances have `AMBULANCE' printed in reverse on their bonnets. 救护车发动机罩盖上标有逆序反向字母的AMBULANCE字样. * (fig 比喻) The superpowers are putting the arms race into reverse. 超级大国正在把军备竞赛转换成相继裁军.
reverse
/ rI5v\:s; rI`v[s/ v  1 [Tn] turn (sth) the other way round or up, or inside out 使（某物）反转; 将（某物）翻转: Writing is reversed in a mirror. 写出来的字在镜子里是倒著的. * reverse the collar and cuffs on a shirt, ie to hide frayed edges 把衬衫的领子和袖口翻过来（以遮盖破边）.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause a vehicle to) travel backwards （使车辆）倒退行驶: reverse round a corner, up a hill, across a side street,etc 开车倒退转弯、 上山、 穿过小街等 * He reversed (the car) into a tree. 他开倒车撞到了树上. * The garage is open, so you can reverse in. 车房的门开著呢, 你可以倒著开进去. (b) [I, Tn] (make an engine, etc) work in the opposite direction （使发动机等）逆向运转: reverse the thrust of the rocket motors 使火箭发动机产生逆向推力 * brake (eg a fixed-wheel cycle) by reversing the pedalling action 倒蹬踏板制动（如脚蹬闸自行车）.  3 [Tn] (a) make (sth) the opposite of what it was; change around completely 使（某物）转化为其自身的对立面; 彻底转变: reverse a procedure, process, trend, etc 使程序、 过程、趋向等完全相反. (b) exchange (two functions, positions,etc) 互换（功能、 位置等）: Husband and wife have reversed roles. 丈夫和妻子互换了责任. * Their situations are now reversed as employee has become employer. 他们双方的地位转换了, 雇员成了雇主.  4 [Tn] revoke or annul (a decree, etc) 撤消或废除（法令等）: reverse the decision of a lower court 撤消下级法院的判决 * reverse a decree, judgement, verdict, etc 撤消法令、 判决、 裁决等.  5 (idm 习语) reverse (the) `charge(s) (US call `collect) make a telephone call that will be charged to the person receiving it, not the caller 由接电话一方付费: reverse the charges on/for a call 电话费转由受话人支付 * make a reversed-`charge call to New York 打电话至纽约, 由受话人付费.
reversible 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be reversed 可反转的; 可翻转的; 可倒退的; 可转变的; 可撤消的; 可逆的: a reversible coat, scarf, cap, etc, ie one that can be worn with either side turned out 可正反两面使用的大衣、 围巾、 帽子等. 
reversibility 
/ rI9v\:sE5bIlEtI; rI9v[sE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
reversing light 
white light at the back of a vehicle showing that it is in reverse gear 倒车灯（倒车时使用的白色灯）.
revert
/ rI5v\:t; rI`v[t/ v [Ipr]  1 ~ to sth (a) return to (a former state or condition) 恢复（原状）: fields that have reverted to moorland, ie are no longer cultivated 重又变成高沼池的田地（不再耕作的）. (b) (fml 文) return to (a former practice or habit) 恢复（原先的作法或习惯）: revert to smoking when under stress 因受到压力又恢复了吸烟的习惯 * After her divorce she reverted to (using) her maiden name. 她离婚後又重新使用娘家的姓.  2 ~ to sth (fml 文) return to (a topic in talk or thought) 回到（原话题或思路）: To revert/Reverting to your earlier question,... 谈到你原先提的那个问题, ... * The conversation kept reverting to the subject of money. 谈话的内容总是离不开钱的事. * Her thoughts often reverted to Italy. 她念念不忘意大利.  3 (~ to sb/sth) (law 律) (of property, rights, etc) return or pass to the original owner, the State, etc （指财产、 权利等）复归或归属於（原主、 国家等）: If he dies without an heir, his property reverts to the state. 他死後若无继承人, 其财产则归国家所有.  4 (idm 习语) revert to type return to a natural or an original condition 回复到自然的或原先的状况: Once a socialist, she has now reverted to type and votes Tory like her parents. 她一度信仰社会主义, 但现已归真反璞像她父母一样投票支持保守党了.
reversion 
/ rI5v\:Fn; ?@ -Vn; rI`v[VEn/ n  1 [U, sing] reverting 恢复; 回复; 回归; 复归: (a) reversion to swamp, old methods, former habits 以前之沼泽状况、 老方法、 旧习惯之恢复.  2 (law 律) (a) [C] right to possess property, etc when its present owner dies or gives it up 未来所有权（目前财产等所有者死後或放弃所有权的）. (b) [U] returning of a right or property to the original owner, the State, etc 复归权（权利或财产的复归原主或国家等）: succeed to an estate in reversion 获得一地产的复归权. 
reversionary 
/ rI5v\:FEnErI; ?@-VEnerI; rI`v[VEn9ZrI/ adj [attrib 作定语] (law 律): reversionary rights 未来所有权或复归权.
revertible 
/ rI5v\:tEbl; rI`v[tEbl/ adj.
revetment
/ rI5vetmEnt; rI`vZtmEnt/ n  1 facing of masonry,concrete, sandbags, etc on a wall or an embankment, esp of a fortification 铺面, 砌面（护墙或护堤所用的砖石、 混凝土、 沙袋等结构）（尤指用於工事的）.  2 retaining wall 挡土墙; 拥壁.
review
/ rI5vju:; rI`vju/ n  1 [U, C] (act of) re-examinationor reconsideration 复查; 重新考虑: The terms of the contract are subject to review. 合同的条款有待复查决定. * a radical review of manufacturing methods 对生产方法 的彻底检查.  2 [C] survey or report of past events or a subject 回顾; 检讨; 述评; 汇报: an annual, monthly, etc review of progress 年度、 月度等进展情况的报告 * a review of the year's sport 全年体育活动回顾 * a wide-ranging review of recent developments in wildlife conservation 在保护野生动植物方面最新进展的面面观.  3 [C] (a) published report that assesses the merits of a book, film, etc 书评、 影评等: The play got splendid, excellent, unfavourable, etc reviews. 该剧受到高度的、 极好的、 很糟的评价. * [attrib 作定语] a review copy, ie a copy of a book, etc sent by the publishers to a periodical for review 供评论用的赠阅本（出版者赠给期刊的）. (b) (section of a) periodical containing reviews, etc 有评论文章等的期刊（的专栏）: a scientific, musical, etc review 科学的、 音乐的...期刊 * the London Review of Books 《伦敦书评》.  4 [C] ceremonial display and inspection of troops, a fleet, etc （部队、 舰队等的）检阅, 阅兵式: hold a review 举行阅兵式.  5 (idm 习语) be/come under re`view; be/come up for re`view be (due to be) re-examined or reconsidered 在复查或重新考虑中: Our contracts are currently under review. 我们的合同正在复查. * Your case is coming up for review in May. 你的事情将在五月再研究. keep sth under review re-examine sth continually 不断复查某事物: Salaries are kept under constant review. 薪金问题要一直不断审订.
review 
v  1 [Tn] (a) re-examine or reconsider (sth) 复查或重新考虑（某事物）: The government is reviewing the situation. 政府正在重新检讨形势. (b) go over (esp past events) in one's mind; survey 思考（尤指往事）; 回顾: review one's successes and failures 反省自己的成败 * review one's progress 回顾自己的进程.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] write a review of (a book, film, etc) for publication写（书、 影片等）的评论文章: She reviews for `The Spectator'. 她为《观众》杂志写评论. * The play was well/favourably reviewed. 该剧受到好评.  3 [Tn] inspect (troops, a fleet, etc) ceremonially 检阅（部队、 舰队等）.  4 [Tn] (esp US) go over (work already learnt) in preparation for an exam; revise 复习（功课）.
reviewer 
n person who writes reviews of books, etc 书评等的撰写人; 评论家: a play which reviewers have praised highly 评论家高度评价的剧.
revile
/ rI5vaIl; rI`vaIl/ v [Tn] (fml 文) criticize (sb/sth), in angry and abusive language 痛斥, 谩骂（某人[某事物]）.
revise
/ rI5vaIz; rI`vaIz/ v  1 [Tn] re-examine (sth), esp in order to correct or improve it 复查（某事物）; （尤指）复核, 校订, 修正: revised proposals, estimates, rules, figures 修正的提案、 估计、 规则、 数字 * revise a manuscript before publication 审校手稿以备出版 * revise one's opinion of sb 改变对某人的看法.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth) (Brit) go over (work already done) in preparation for an examination 复习（功课）: She's revising (her history notes) for the test. 她正在复习（历史课笔记）准备测验.
revise 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) (in printing) proof-sheet in which errors marked in an earlier proof have been corrected （印刷业务中的）再校样, 二校样.
revision 
/ rI5vIVn; rI`vIVEn/ n (a) [U] ~ (for sth) revising or being revised 复查; 校订; 修正; 改正; 复习: Our budget needs drastic revision. 我们的预算需作重大修改. * (Brit) do some revision for the exam/some exam revision 为准备考试而复习. (b) [C] instance of this 复查; 校订; 修正; 改正; 复习: undergo a final revision 经最後修订. (c) [C] thing that has been revised 经修订或改正之物; 修订本; 修订版: submit the revision of a novel for publication 送交小说的修订本准备出版.
the Revised Standard Version 
revision of the Bible made in 1946-57 《圣经》修订标准本（1946-1957年间修订而成）.
the Revised Version 
revision by British scholars in 1870-84 of the Authorized Version of the Bible 《圣经》修订本（英国学者於1870-1884年间根据《圣经》钦定本修订而成）.
revisionism
/ rI5vIVEnIzEm; rI`vIVEn9IzEm/ n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) changes to, or questioning of, orthodox political doctrines or practices, esp Marxism 修正主义（尤指针对马克思主义的）. 
revisionist 
/ -VEnIst;-VEnIst/ n [attrib 作定语]: revisionist tendencies 修正主义倾向.
revitalize, revitalise
/ ri:5vaItElaIz; ri`vaItl9aIz/ v [Tn] put new life into (sth); regenerate 使（某事物）恢复生机; 使新生; 使再兴: revitalize industry, the economy, education, etc 振兴工业、 经济、 教育等 * Her appointment as leader revitalized the party. 她担任领袖後, 该党获得了转机. 
revitalization, revitalisation 
/ ri:9vaItElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9rivaItlI`zeFEn/ n [U].
revival
/ rI5vaIvl; rI`vaIvl/ n  1 [U, C] coming or bringing back to health, strength or consciousness; recovery （健康、 力量或知觉的）恢复, 复原, 重振, 苏醒: the patient's speedy revival after her operation 女病人在手术後的迅速康复 * (fig 比喻) the revival of hope, interest, ambition 希望、 兴趣、 雄心的恢复 * Our economy is undergoing a revival. 我们的经济正处於复兴阶段.  2 (a) [U] coming or bringing back into use, activity, fashion, etc 重新使用; 恢复活动; 重新流行: the revival of old customs, values, skills 旧的习俗、 价值观念、 技艺的恢复 * the revival of the Welsh language 威尔士语的重新流行. (b) [C] instance of this 重新使用; 恢复活动; 重新流行: a religious, commercial, political revival 宗教的、 商业的、 政治上的复兴.  3 [C] new production of a play, etc that has not been performed for some time （戏剧等的）重演: stage a revival of a Restoration comedy 重新上演英国王政复辟时期的喜剧.  4 [U, C] (religion 宗) (series of public meetings, etc to promote a) reawakening of (esp Christian) faith 奋兴活动, 奋兴大会（尤指旨在促进基督教信仰的）: preach (the spirit of) revival 作奋兴布道 * [attrib 作定语] televised revival meetings 用电视播放的宗教奋兴大会.
revivalism 
/ -vElIzEm; -vlIzEm/ n [U] process of reawakening religious faith 宗教奋兴运动.
revivalist 
/ -vElIst; -vlIst/ n person who organizes or conducts religious revival meetings 宗教奋兴大会的组织者或主持者: [attrib 作定语] revivalist campaigns, missions, etc 宗教奋兴家的宣传活动、 布道等.
revive
/ rI5vaIv; rI`vaIv/ v  1 [I, Tn] come or bring (sb/sth) back to health, strength or consciousness （使某人[某物]）恢复健康、 力量或知觉: The flowers will revive in water. 这些花一浇水就能活过来. * She fainted but the brandy soon revived her. 她昏迷了, 但喂她些白兰地酒就很快醒过来了. * (fig 比喻) Our failing hopes/spirits revived. 我们破灭的希望又重新燃起[低落的情绪又重新振作起来].  2 [I, Tn] come or bring (sth) back into use, activity, fashion, etc 重新使用（某事物）; 使（某事物）恢复活动或重新流行: revive old practices, customs, trends, etc 恢复旧做法、 再兴旧习俗、 重现某倾向 * efforts to revive the mini-skirt 为使超短裙重新流行而做的努力.  3 [Tn] stage again a play, etc that has not been performed for some time 重新上演（戏剧等）: revive a 1930's musical 重新上演20世纪30年代的歌舞喜剧.
revivify
/ ri:5vIvIfaI; ri`vIvE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml 文) give new life or liveliness to (sth); revitalize 给予（某事物）新生命或活力; 复兴.
revocation
/ 9revE5keIFn; 9rZvE`keFEn/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) revoking or being revoked 撒消; 取消; 废除: the revocation of laws, contracts, etc 法规的废除、 合同的取消.
au revoir
/ 9EU rE5vwB:(r); 9orEv`wBr/ (French 法) goodbye until we meet again 再见: Au revoir, see you again next year! 再见, 明年见!
revoke
/ rI5vEUk; rI`vok/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) withdraw or cancel (a decree, permit, etc) 撤消或废除（法令等）; 吊销（许可证）: revoke orders, promises 撤消命令、 允诺 * His driving licence was revoked after the crash. 他撞车後驾驶执照吊销了.  2 [I] (of a player in a card-game) fail to play a card of the same suit as the leading player although able to do so （指玩纸牌者）藏牌, 有牌不跟.
revolt
/ rI5vEUlt; rI`volt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) (a) rise in rebellion (against authority) 反叛（当权者）:The people revolted against the military dictator/dictatorship.人民反抗军事独裁者[的统治]. (b) express protest or defiance 反抗; 违抗: revolt against parental discipline 抗拒父母的教导.  2 [Ipr, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ against/at sth (cause sb to) feel horror or disgust （使某人）憎恶或讨厌: Human nature revolts against/at such cruelty. 人出自本性厌恶这种暴行. * I was revolted by his dirty habit of spitting. 我很讨厌他随地吐痰的恶习.
revolt 
n  1 (a) [U] act or state of rebelling or defying authority 叛乱; 反叛; 反抗; 违抗: a period of open, armed, political revolt 公开的、 武装的、 政治的叛乱时期 * stir, incite, etc militant party members to revolt 鼓动、 煽动...激进的党员反党 * quell, put down, etc a revolt 镇压、 平息...叛乱. (b) [C] instance of this 叛乱; 反叛; 违抗: The army has put down/suppressed the revolt. 军队镇压[平息]了叛乱. * a revolt against conformity 对习俗的反抗.  2 (idm 习语) in revolt state of having revolted (revolt 1a) 叛乱; 反叛; 反抗; 违抗: The people broke out/rose in revolt. 人民起来造反了.
revolting
/ rI5vEUltIN; rI`voltIN/ adj (a) causing disgust or horror 使人讨厌或憎恶的: revolting atrocities 使人憎恨的暴行. (b) (infml 口) nasty or unpleasant 令人作呕的; 令人不愉快的: His feet smelt revolting. 他双脚散发的气味让人恶心. * a revolting mixture of pasta and curry 令人作呕的面食和咖喱的混合食品. 
revoltingly 
adv: revoltingly wet weather 潮湿得让人难受的天气.
revolution
/ 9revE5lu:Fn; 9rZvE`luFEn/ n  1 [C, U] (instanceof the) overthrow of a system of government, esp by force 革命: He has lived through two revolutions. 他经历了两次革命. * the French Revolution, ie in 1789 法国大革命（1789年） * foment, stir up revolution 激起、 鼓动革命 * In politics, evolution is better than revolution. 从政治方面来说, 演变比革命好.  2 [C] ~ (in sth) (fig 比喻) complete or drastic change of method, conditions, etc （方法、 情况等的）彻底改变, 重大变革: a revolution in the treatment of cancer 在癌症治疗上的重大突破 * a genetic, technological, etc revolution 遗传学的、 技术上的飞跃 * Credit cards have brought about a revolution in people's spending habits. 信用卡的使用给人们的消费习惯带来巨大改变.  3 [C, U] ~ (on/round sth) (a) (act of) revolving or rotating, esp of one planet round another 旋转, 运行（尤指行星绕另一行星的）: make, describe a full revolution 旋转、 转动一周 * the revolution of the earth on its axis round the sun 地球以太阳为轴的旋转. (b) (process of making a) single complete movement or turn round a central point （围绕中心点）旋转一周: a record designed to be played at 45 revolutions per minute 每分钟 45 转的唱片.
revolutionary 
/ -FEnErI; ?@ -nerI; -FEn9ZrI/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of political revolution 革命的: revolutionary parties, leaders, activities 革命政党、 领袖、 活动.  2 involving complete or drastic change 彻底改变的; 重大变革的: Genetic engineering will have revolutionaryconsequences for mankind. 遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响.  n person who begins or supports a political revolution 革命者; 革命活动家.
revolutionize, revolutionise 
/ -FEnaIz; -FEn9aIz/ v [Tn] cause (sth) to change completely or drastically 使（某事物）发生根本性的或巨大的改变: Computers have revolutionizedbanking. 计算机的运用彻底改变了银行业务运作.
revolve
/ rI5vClv; rI`vBlv/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (around/round sth) (on sth) (of a planet, etc) move in a circular orbit （指行星等）在轨道上运行: The earth revolves round the sun (on its axis). 地球（以太阳为轴）绕太阳公转.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (around/round/on sth) (cause sth to) go round in a circle; rotate （使某物）作圆周运动, 旋转, 转动: A wheel revolves round/on its axis. 轮子是绕轴旋转的. * The mechanism that revolves the turntable is broken. 带动转盘旋转的机械装置坏了. * (fig fml 比喻, 文) revolve sth in one's mind, ie consider sth carefully 仔细考虑某事物.  3 (phr v) revolve around sb/sth have sb/sth as its chief concern; centre on sb/sth 以某人[某事物]为中心: My life revolves around my job. 我的工作是我生活的中心. * He thinks that everything revolves around him. 他认为一切事情都要以他为主.
revolving 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that rotates 旋转的; 转动的: a revolving chair, hat-stand 转椅、 旋转帽架 * This theatre has a revolving stage. 这家戏院的舞台是旋转式的. re,volving `credit (finance 财) credit that is automatically renewed up to a fixed amount, as part of the debt is paid 循环信贷（一俟偿还部分债款即自动恢复到原定数额）. revolving `door door with four or more partitions turning on a central axis to keep out draughts 旋转门.
revolver
/ rI5vClvE(r); rI`vBlvL/ n pistol with a revolving chamber from which bullets are fed into the breech for firing 左轮手枪: draw one's revolver 掏出左轮手枪. =>illus at gun 见 gun 插图.
revue
/ rI5vju:; rI`vju/ n [C, U] (type of) theatrical entertainment consisting of a mixture of dialogue, song and dance, esp of a topical and satirical nature 时事讽刺剧: a political revue 政治讽刺剧 * act, appear, perform, etc in revue 演出时事讽刺剧 * [attrib 作定语] revue artistes 时事讽刺剧表演者.
revulsion
/ rI5vQlFn; rI`vQlFEn/ n [U, sing]  1 ~ (against/at/from sth) feeling of disgust or horror 厌恶; 憎恶: feel a sense of revulsion at the bloodshed 对伤害人的行为深恶痛绝 * She stared at the snake in revulsion. 她盯著那条蛇, 感到很厌恶.  2 (fml 文) sudden violent change of feeling; reaction 感情的急剧转变; 剧烈反应: a revulsion of public feeling in favour of the accused 舆论之突然转向同情被告.
reward
/ rI5wR:d; rI`wRrd/ n  1 [U] recompense for work, merit or services 报答; 报偿: work without hope of reward 没有希望获得报偿的工作 * He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章.  2 [C] something given or received in return for work, merit or services 报酬; 酬金: reap, receive one's just reward 获得应有的报酬 * emotional, intellectual, financial rewards 感情方面的、 知识方面的、 财务方面的报酬 * One reward of my job is meeting people. 我在工作中的一个收获是能认识许多人.  3 [C] sum of money offered for the capture of a criminal, return of lost property, etc （为捉捕罪犯、 寻回失去财物等的）赏金, 奖赏: A 1000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting. 悬赏1000英镑寻找失窃的画.  4 (idm 习语) virtue is its own reward => virtue.
reward 
v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) give a reward to sb 给某人报酬; 奖赏某人: Is this how you reward me for helping/my help? 你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗? * She rewarded him with a smile. 她向他报之以一笑. * His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些力气没有白费, 汽车终於启动了. * Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded. 凡提供线索有助於寻回该画者可获报酬. rewarding adj (of an activity, etc) worth doing; satisfying （指活动等）值得做的, 令人满意的: a rewardingfilm, study, trip 有益的影片、 研究、 旅行 * Gardening is a very rewarding pastime. 园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣. * Teaching is not very rewarding financially, ie not very well paid. 教书的工作报酬不太高.
rewire
/ 9ri:5waIE(r); ri`waIr/ v [Tn] renew the electrical wiring of (a building, etc) 给（建筑物等）换新电线: The house has been completely rewired. 这所房子已全部换上了新电线.
reword
/ 9ri:5w\:d; ri`w[d/ v [Tn] change the wording of (sth spoken or written) 改变...的措辞; 改说; 改写: reword a telegram to save money 改写电文以节省费用.
rewrite
/ 9ri:5raIt; ri`raIt/ v (pt rewrote / -5rEUt; -`rot/, pp rewritten / -5rItn; -`rItn/) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth(for sth); ~ sth (as sth) write (sth) again in a different form or style 重写; 改写: rewrite the script for radio/as a radio play 把原稿改写成广播稿[广播剧] * The essay needs to be rewritten. 这篇文章需要重写.
rewrite 
/ 5ri:raIt; `ri9raIt/ n thing rewritten 重写或改写的文稿: do a complete rewrite of the original speech 把原讲稿全面改写.
Rex
/ reks; rZks/ n (Latin 拉) (used esp in signatures on proclamations or in the titles of lawsuits 尤用於签署文告或诉讼案之标题) reigning king （在位）君主, 国王: George Rex 乔治国王 * (law 律) Rex v Hill 王国政府诉讼希尔案. Cf 参看 Regina.
RFC
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Rugby Football Club 橄榄球俱乐部.
rh
abbr 缩写 = right hand 右手. Cf 参看 lh.
rhapsody
/ 5rApsEdI; `rApsEdI/ n  1 (music 音) (often in titles 常用於标题) romantic composition in irregular form 狂想曲: Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies 李斯特的《匈牙利狂想曲》.  2 (idm 习语) go into rhapsodies (over sb/sth) express enthusiasm or delight in speech or writing （言语或文字中）表现热情或喜悦: The guests went into rhapsodies over the food. 宾客对食物交口称赞.
rhapsodic 
/ rAp5sCdIk; rAp`sBdIk/ adj (esp ironic 尤作反语) expressing enthusiasm or delight 热情的; 欣喜的: The rejection of their pay claim was given a less than rhapsodic reception by the miners. 矿工要求提高工资遭到拒绝而甚为恼火.
rhapsodize, rhapsodise 
/ 5rApsEdaIz; `rApsE9daIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sb/sth) (esp ironic 尤作反语) talk or write with great enthusiasm (about sb/sth) 极热情地说或写（某人[某事物]的事）.
rhea
/ rIE; `riE/ n three-toed ostrich of S America 美洲鸵鸟（南美洲产之三趾鸵鸟）.
rheostat
/ 5ri:EstAt; `riE9stAt/ n instrument used to control the current in an electrical circuit by varying the resistance in it 变阻器.
rhesus
/ 5ri:sEs; `risEs/ n (also `rhesus monkey) small monkey common in N India, often used in biological experiments 恒河猴（印度北部产, 常用於生物学实验）.
Rhesus factor (also Rh factor / B:r5eItF fktE(r);9Br `etF 9fAktL/) 
(medical 医) substance present in the blood of most people and some animals, causing a blood disorder in a new-born baby whose blood is Rhesus-positive (ie containing this substance) while the mother's is Rhesus-negative (ie not containing it) Rh 因子.
rhetoric
/ 5retErIk; `rZtErIk/ n [U]  1 (art of) using language impressively or persuasively, esp in public speaking 修辞; 修辞艺术; 修辞学: impassioned rhetoric 富有表现力的修辞.  2 (derog 贬) elaborate language which is intended to impress but is often insincere, meaningless or exaggerated 华丽的词藻（常含华而不实之意）; 虚夸的言辞: the empty rhetoric of politicians 政客们的花言巧语.
rhetorical
/ rI5tCrIkl; ?@ -5tR:r-; rI`tRrIkl/ adj  1 of the art of rhetoric 修辞的; 修辞学的: rhetorical figures such as hyperbole 修辞手段, 如夸张法.  2 (derog 贬) in or using rhetoric(2) 词藻华丽的; 虚夸的: rhetorical speeches 词藻华丽的台词. 
rhetorically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
rhetorical question 
question asked only for dramatic effect and not to seek an answer, eg Who cares? (ie Nobody cares) 反问（如 Who cares? 即 Nobody cares）.
rheumatic
/ ru:5mAtIk; ru`mAtIk/ adj of, causing or affected by rheumatism 风湿病的; 引起风湿病的; 风湿病造成的: a rheumatic condition, pain, joint 风湿病、 风湿痛、 患风湿病的关节.
rheumatic 
n person who suffers from rheumatism 风湿病患者.
rheumaticky 
adj (infml 口) rheumatic 风湿病的.
rheumatics 
n [pl] (infml 口) rheumatism 风湿病.
rheumatic fever 
serious form of rheumatism with fever, chiefly in children 风湿热.
rheumatism
/ 5ru:mEtIzEm; `rumE9tIzEm/ n [U] any of several diseases causing pain, stiffness and inflammation in the muscles and joints 风湿病: contract, develop rheumatism 患、 得风湿病. Cf 参看 arthritis, fibrositis.
rheumatoid
/ 5ru:mEtRId; `rumE9tRId/ adj of rheumatism 类风湿病的; 风湿性的.
rheumatoid arthritis 
chronic progressive form of arthritis causing inflammation, esp in the joints of the hands, wrists, knees and feet 风湿性关节炎.
rhinestone
/ 5raInstEUn; `raIn9ston/ n imitation diamond 莱茵石（仿钻石制品）.
rhino
/ 5raInEU; `raIno/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 rhinos / -nEUz; -noz/) (infml 口) rhinoceros 犀牛: black/white rhino 黑[白]犀牛 * [attrib 作定语] rhino horn 犀牛角. =>illus 见插图.
rhinoceros
/ raI5nCsErEs; raI`nBsErEs/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 rhinoceroses)  1 large thick-skinned heavily-built animal of Africa and S Asia, with either one or two horns on its nose 犀牛（产於非洲及亚洲南部）.  2 (idm 习语) have, etc a hide/skin like a rhi`noceros show insensitivity to attack, criticism, insults, etc （对受攻击、 批评、 侮辱等）麻木不仁.
rhizome
/ 5raIzEUm; `raIzom/ n (botany 植) root-like stem of some plants, growing along or under the ground and sending out both roots and shoots 根茎; 根状茎. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.
rhododendron
/ 9rEUdE5dendrEn; 9rodE`dZndrEn/ (US also rosebay) n evergreen shrub with large clusters of trumpet-shaped red, purple, pink or white flowers 杜鹃花.
rhombus
/ 5rCmbEs; `rBmbEs/ n geometric figure with four equal sides and angles which are not right angles (eg the diamond or lozenge shape on playing cards) 菱形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见 quadrilateral 插图.
rhomboid 
/ 5rCmbRId; `rBmbRId/ adj in the shape of a rhombus 菱形的.  n rhombus of which only the opposite sides and angles are equal 长菱形; 长斜方形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见 quadrilateral 插图.
rhubarb
/ 5ru:bB:b; `rubBrb/ n [U]  1 (garden plant with) fleshy reddish leaf-stalks that are cooked and eaten like fruit 大黄; 大黄茎: [attrib 作定语] rhubarb pie 大黄馅饼.  2 (infml 口) (word that crowd actors repeat to simulate the babble of voices on stage 为制造人声嘈杂的舞台效果, 群众演员反复说的道白).
rhyme
/ raIm; raIm/ n  1 [U] sameness of sound between words or syllables, esp the endings of lines of verse, as in day, away; visit, is it; puff, rough 韵, （尤指）韵脚（如day和away、 visit和is it、 puff和rough）.  2 [C] ~ (for/to sth) word that provides a rhyme for another 押韵词; 同韵词: Is there a rhyme for/to `hiccups'? 有和hiccups押韵的词吗?  3 [C] verse or verses with rhymes 押韵的诗; 韵文: sing nursery rhymes to the children 给孩子们唱儿歌.  4 [U] rhyming form 押韵的形式; 韵律: a story toldin rhyme 用韵文讲的故事 * Can you put that into rhyme?你能把它改写成韵文吗?  5 (idm 习语) neither, no, little, etc ,rhyme or `reason no sense or logic 毫无道理: a decision without rhyme or reason 毫无道理的决定 * There's neither rhyme nor reason in his behaviour. 他的举动莫名其妙. * English spelling has little rhyme or reason. 英文字的拼法没什麽规律.
rhyme 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put (words) together to form a rhyme 使（词）押韵: You can rhyme `hiccups' and/with `pick-ups'. 用hiccups可和pick-ups押韵. * rhymed verse 押韵的诗.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of words or lines of verse) form a rhyme （指词或诗句）押韵: `Though' and `through' don't rhyme, and neither rhymes with `tough'. though 和 through 不押韵, 这两个词跟 tough 也不押韵. 
rhymed 
adj having rhymes 押韵的: rhymed couplets 押韵的对句.
rhyming slang 
form of slang which replaces words with rhyming words or phrases, eg apples and pears for stairs 同韵俚语（以同韵的词或短语作为替代语的俚语形式, 如以apples and pears 代替 stairs）.
rhythm
/ 5rITEm; `rITEm/ n  1 (a) [U] pattern produced by emphasis and duration of notes in music or by stressed and unstressed syllables in words （音乐或词语的）节奏. (b) [C] instance of this 节奏: play the same tune in/with a different rhythm 用不同节奏演奏同一个曲子 * Latin-American rhythms 拉丁美洲的音乐节奏. (c) [U, C] movement with a regular succession of strong and weak elements 节律: the rhythm of her heart/pulse beating 她的心跳[脉搏]的节律.  2 [U] (infml 口) ability to move, dance, etc in time with a fixed beat 节奏感: a natural sense of rhythm 天生的节奏感.  3 [U, C] (fig 比喻) constantly recurring sequence of events or processes （事件或过程）有规律的反复出现: the rhythm of the tides, seasons 潮汐的涨落、 四季的循环 * biological rhythms, eg of the human body 生物节律（如人体的）.
rhythmic 
/ 5rITmIk; `rITmIk/ (also rhythmical) / 5rITmIkl; `rITmIkl/ adj having rhythm 有节奏的; 有规律的: rhythmic breathing 有规律的呼吸 * the rhythmictread of marching feet 有节奏的行进步伐. 
rhythmically
/-klI; -klI/ adv.
rhythm and blues 
type of popular music based on the blues 节奏与布鲁斯（由布鲁斯演变的流行音乐）.
rhythm method 
method of contraception by avoiding sexual intercourse near the time of ovulation 安全期避孕法.
RI
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (on coins) Queen and Empress; King and Emperor (Latin Regina et Imperatrix; Rex et Imperator) （钱币上的）女王和女皇, 国王和皇帝（源自拉丁文Regina et Imperatrix; Rex et Imperator）.
rib
/ rIb; rIb/ n  1 (a) [C] any one of the 12 pairs of curved bones extending from the backbone round the chest in humans （人的）肋骨: broken, fractured, bruised, etc ribs 折断的、 断裂的、 挫伤的...肋骨 * dig sb/give sb a dig (ie nudge or poke sb) in the ribs 触某人的肋部. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. (b) [C] corresponding bone in animals （动物的）肋骨, 肋条.  2 [U, C] cut ofmeat from the ribs of an animal （肋部的）排骨: barbecued spare-ribs 烤猪排骨.  3 [C] curved part of the structure of sth resembling a rib 类似肋骨的结构: the ribs of a leaf, an umbrella, a fan, a boat 叶主脉、 伞骨、 扇骨、 船的肋材.  4 [U, C] (stitch producing a) raised line in knitting （织物的）凸起条纹, 罗纹: cuffs knitted in rib 织成罗纹的袖口.
rib 
v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/for sth) (infml 口) make fun of sb in a good-natured way; tease 逗弄某人; 戏弄: She was constantly ribbed about her accent. 人家总拿她的口音开玩笑. * rib sb for being shy 取笑某人害羞. ribbed adj (esp of fabrics) having raised lines （尤指织物）有凸起条纹的, 有罗纹的: ribbed tights/stockings 罗纹裤袜[长统袜] * ribbed corduroy trousers 条绒裤子. ribbing n [U]  1 pattern of raised lines in knitting （织物的）凸条花样, 罗纹.  2 (infml 口) good-natured teasing 逗乐; 戏弄: He takes a good ribbing, ie can accept being teased. 他不怕人家拿他取笑.
rib-cage 
n framework of ribs round the chest 胸廓.
rib-tickling 
adj (infml 口) funny or amusing 滑稽的; 有趣的.
ribald
/ 5rIbld; `rIbld/ adj humorous in a vulgar, obscene or disrespectful way （以粗俗、 下流或无礼的方式）幽默的: ribald humour, talk, laughter 粗俗可笑的幽默、 谈话、 笑声.
ribaldry 
/ 5rIbldrI; `rIbldrI/ n [U] ribald language or behaviour 粗俗可笑的言语或行为.
ribbon
/ 5rIbEn; `rIbEn/ n  1 [C, U] (length of) silk, nylon, etc woven in a narrow strip and used for tying sth or for ornament （丝、 尼龙等的）捆扎带, 装饰带: Her hair was tied back with a black ribbon. 她的头发用黑缎带扎在後面. * lengths of ribbon hung from the bride's bouquet 从新娘的花束上垂下来的丝带 * [attrib 作定语] ribbon bows/rosettes 丝带蝴蝶结[玫瑰花结] * (fig 比喻) a ribbon of land stretching out into the sea 伸入海中的狭长陆地.  2 [C] ribbon of a special colour, pattern, etc worn to show the award of a medal, an order, etc （奖章、 勋章、 勋位等的）绶带, 勋带, 勋表.  3 [C] long narrow inked strip of material used in a typewriter, etc （打字机等的）色带: change the typewriter ribbon 更换打字机的色带.  4 [pl] ragged strips 碎布条 (used esp with the vs and preps shown 尤与以下示例中的动词和介词连用): The wind tore the sail to ribbons. 大风把帆刮成了碎片. * Vandals had slashed/cut the train seats to ribbons. 恣意破坏公物的人把火车座位割碎了. * Her clothes hung in ribbons (about her). 她的衣服褴褛不堪.
ribbon development 
(Brit esp derog 尤作贬义) (building of) long lines of houses along a main road leading from a town or village (and thought to spoil the countryside) 带状发展（的建筑物）（自都市沿干线向乡村延伸者, 视为破坏风景之举）.
riboflavin
/ 9raIbEU5fleIvIn; 9raIbE`flevIn/ n [U] vitamin B2, which is found in meat, fish, milk and green vegetables, and also produced synthetically, and which helps growth in man 核黄素.
rice
/ raIs; raIs/ n [U]  1 type of grass grown on wet land in hot countries, esp in E Asia, producing seeds that are cooked and used as food 稻: [attrib 作定语] rice fields/paddies 稻田.  2 these seeds 稻米; 大米: a bowl of boiled/fried rice 一碗米饭[炒饭] * long-/short-grain rice 长粒[短粒]米 * brown rice, ie without the husks removed 稻谷 * [attrib 作定语] rice pudding, ie dessert made by cooking rice in milk and sugar 大米布丁（大米加牛奶和糖制成的餐後甜食）.
rice-paper 
n [U]  1 type of thin paper made from the pith of an oriental plant and used by Chinese artists to paint on 宣纸.  2 similar type of thin edible paper made from rice straw and used as a base for small cakes, etc 米纸（垫点心等用的可食薄纸）.
rich
/ rItF; rItF/ adj (-er, -est) (in meanings 1, 3 and 4 the opposite of poor 第1、 3、 4义为poor之反义词)  1 having much money or property; wealthy 富的; 富裕的; 富有的: a rich film star 很有钱的电影明星 * America is a rich country. 美国很富.  2 valuable or expensive; splendid or luxurious 贵重的; 昂贵的; 华丽的; 豪华的: rich clothes, furnishings 华丽的衣服、 豪华的家具 * the rich interior of the church 教堂富丽堂皇的内景.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth producing or having a large supply of sth （某物）盛产, 丰富, 多: Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橙子含有丰富的维生素C. * The baroque style is rich in ornament. 巴罗克风格极具装饰性. * a play rich in humour 富於幽默的剧 * soil rich in minerals 矿物质多的土壤.  4 producing or produced abundantly 丰产的; 肥沃的: rich soil 沃土 * a rich harvest 丰收 * (fig 比喻) a rich supply of ideas 多谋 * a rich display of talent 才华横溢的表现.  5 (of food) containing a large amount of fat, butter, eggs, spices, etc （指食物）脂肪、 黄油、 蛋类、 调料等含量大的, 油腻的, 味浓的: a rich fruit cake 油腻的水果蛋糕 * a rich curry, casserole, sauce 味道很浓的咖喱菜、 砂锅菜、 沙司.  6 (of colours, sounds or smells) pleasantly deep, full, mellow or strong （指色彩）深的, 鲜艳的; （指声音）深沉的, 洪亮的; （指气味）浓烈的, 馥郁的: cloth dyed a rich purple 被染成深紫色的布 * a rich soothing voice 深沉柔和的声音 * the rich bouquet of mature brandy 酿熟的白兰地的醇厚香味.  7 (idm 习语) (as) rich as `Croesus extremely wealthy 极富有的. strike it rich => strike2. ,that's `rich (Brit infml 口) (a) that is very amusing 真有趣; 真逗. (b) (ironic 反语) that is ludicrous or preposterous 真好笑; 真荒唐.
the rich 
n [pl v] rich people 富人; 有钱人: take from the rich and give to the poor 取自富人, 接济穷人.
richly 
adv  1 in a splendid or generous manner 富丽地; 富裕地: a richly-ornamented design 装饰华丽的图案 * I was richly rewarded for my trouble. 我好心做的事得到了优厚的报酬.  2 (idm 习语) richly deserve sth fully or thoroughly deserve sth 完全值得某事物; 某事物是完全应该的: He richly deserved the punishment he received. 他受到的处罚是罪有应得. * a richly-deserved success 完全应得到的成功 * a novel richly deserving (of) praise 值得大加赞扬的小说.
richness 
n [U] quality or state of being rich 富裕; 富有; 贵重; 昂贵; 富丽; 豪华; 丰饶; 肥沃.
nouveau riche
/ 9nu:vEU 5ri:F; nuvo`riF/ n (pl nouveaux riches / 9nu:vEU 5ri:F; nuvo`riF/) (usu pl 通常作复数) (derog贬) person who has recently, and often suddenly, become rich, esp one who displays his wealth ostentatiously 暴发户.
richly 
adv  1 in a splendid or generous manner 富丽地; 富裕地: a richly-ornamented design 装饰华丽的图案 * I was richly rewarded for my trouble. 我好心做的事得到了优厚的报酬.  2 (idm 习语) richly deserve sth fully or thoroughly deserve sth 完全值得某事物; 某事物是完全应该的: He richly deserved the punishment he received. 他受到的处罚是罪有应得. * a richly-deserved success 完全应得到的成功 * a novel richly deserving (of) praise 值得大加赞扬的小说.
richness 
n [U] quality or state of being rich 富裕; 富有; 贵重; 昂贵; 富丽; 豪华; 丰饶; 肥沃.
riches
/ 5rItFIz; `rItFIz/ n [pl]  1 being rich; wealth 富有; 财富: He claims to despise riches. 他声称视财富为粪土. * amass great riches 积聚大量的财产 * (fig 比喻) the riches of Oriental art 东方艺术的丰富 * the natural richesof the soil 土壤的肥沃.  2 (idm 习语) an embarrassmentof riches => embarrassment (embarrass). from rags to riches => rag1.
Richter scale
/ 9rIktE 5skeIl; 9rIktL `skel/ (geology 地质) scale from 0 to 8 for measuring the intensity of earthquakes 里克特震级, 里氏震级（测定地震强度的标度, 从0到8级）.
rick
/ rIk; rIk/ n [C] (Brit) slight sprain or strain 轻度扭伤.
rick 
v [Tn] sprain or strain (a joint, etc) slightly 轻度扭伤（关节等）: rick one's ankle, wrist, back 扭伤足踝、 手腕、 背.
rick
/ rIk; rIk/ n large stack of hay, straw, corn, etc which is built up in the open and covered to protect it from rain （露天堆放并有防雨之遮挡物的）乾草堆, 禾堆.
rickets
/ 5rIkIts; `rIkIts/ n [sing or pl v] children's disease caused by a lack of vitamin D, resulting in softening and deformity of the bones and enlargement of the liver and spleen 佝偻病.
rickety
/ 5rIkEtI; `rIkEtI/ adj (infml 口) weak or shaky, esp in the joints; likely to fall or collapse 不牢靠的, 不稳固的（尤指连接处）; 摇晃的; 摇摇欲坠的: rickety wooden stairs 摇摇晃晃的木楼梯 * a rickety stool, table, bed, etc 快要散架的凳子、 桌子、 床等 * a rickety shelter for the bikes 摇摇欲坠的自行车棚.
rickshaw
/ 5rIkFR:; `rIkFR/ n  1 light two-wheeled covered vehicle used in India and the Far East, pulled by one ormore men 人力车: ride in a rickshaw 坐人力车.  2 similar three-wheeled vehicle like a bicycle with seats attached behind the driver 三轮车. Cf 参看 pedicab.
ricochet
/ 5rIkEFeI; ?@ 9rIkE5FeI; 9rIkE`Fe/ v (pt, pp ricocheted, ricochetted / -5FeId; -`Fed/) [I, Ipr] ~ (off sth) (of a bullet, etc) strike a surface and rebound at an angle （指子弹等）击中物体表面後弹起: The stone ricocheted off the wall and hit a passer-by. 石头击中那面墙弹回打著了过路的人.
ricochet 
n [U, C] ~ (off sth) (hit made by a) rebound of this kind 弹回: the constant ricochet of bricks and bottles off police riot shields 砸在警察防暴盾牌上的砖块和瓶子不断弹回来.
rid
/ rId; rId/ v (-dd-; pt, pp rid)  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sb/sth make sb/sth free from (sb/sth unpleasant or unwanted) 使某人[某事物]摆脱（讨厌的或不想要的人[事物]）: rid the world of famine 使世界不再有饥荒 * rid the house of mice 把房子里的老鼠消灭光.  2 (idm 习语) be/get rid of sb/sth be/become free of 摆脱: He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to be rid of him. 他这人真讨厌! 我很庆幸能摆脱他的纠缠. * The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of (ie sell) them. 该店定购了20本这种书, 现在却无法脱手.
riddance
/ 5rIdns; `rIdns/ n (idm 习语) good riddance (to sb/sth) (said to express relief, etc at being free of an unwanted or unpleasant person or thing 用以表达摆脱不想要的或讨厌的人或事物後的如释重负感): He's gone at last, and good riddance (to him)! 他终於走了, 谢天谢地!
ridden
/ 5rIdn; `rIdn/  1 pp of ride2.  2 adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) full of or dominated by sth specified 满是某事物的; 受某事物支配或控制的: a ,flea-ridden `bed 满是跳蚤的床 * `guilt-ridden 罪孽深重的 * (fml 文) She was ridden by/with guilt. 她罪孽深重.
riddle
/ 5rIdl; `rIdl/ n [C]  1 puzzling question, statement or description, esp one intended to test the cleverness of those wishing to solve it 谜; （尤指）谜语: ask/tell sb a riddle 出个谜语叫某人猜 * know the answer to/solve a riddle 知道谜底 * She speaks/talks in riddles  it's very difficult to know what she means. 她说话含糊其辞--实在令人费解.  2 puzzling person, thing, event, etc 谜一般的人、 东西、 事情等: She's a complete riddle, even to her parents. 她是个很难了解的人, 连她父母都无法了解她. * the riddle of how the universe originated 宇宙起源之谜.
riddle
/ 5rIdl; `rIdl/ n [C] coarse sieve for earth, gravel, cinders, etc （筛泥土、 碎石、 煤渣等用的）粗筛.
riddle 
v  1 [Tn] (a) pass (gravel, etc) through a riddle 用粗筛筛（碎石等）. (b) shake (a grate, eg in a stove) in order to make ashes, cinders, etc fall through 摇动（炉箅子等）使灰、 煤渣等落下.  2 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) make many holes in sb/sth 将某人[某物]弄得满是窟窿: The car was riddled from end to end. 那汽车前前後後都是窟窿. * The roof was riddled with bullet holes. 房顶满是子弹打的窟窿. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth with sth affect sb/sth completely 严重影响或侵袭某人[某事物]: (derog 贬) They are riddled with disease. 他们饱受病痛之苦. * an administration riddled with corruption 极其腐败的政府.
ride
/ raId; raId/ n [C]  1 (a) (period of) being carried on or in sth, esp as a passenger 乘骑, 乘坐, 搭乘（尤指乘客）: `Give me a ride on your shoulders, Daddy.' ｀爸爸, 让我在你肩膀上骑一会儿吧.＇ * We went for a ride in her new car. 我们坐了一趟她的新汽车. * It's a ten-minuteride on the bus. 乘公共汽车要用十分钟. * Can I hitch a ridewith you? 我可以顺路搭乘你的车吗? (b) (in compounds用以构成复合词) journey (in the specified vehicle, etc) （搭乘交通工具的）旅行: It's only a 5-minute `bus-ride to the park. 坐公共汽车去公园仅需5分钟. * go for a `donkey-ride on the beach 在沙滩上骑驴兜风.  2 feel of riding in a car, etc 乘坐汽车等时的感觉: The luxury model gives a smoother ride. 坐这种豪华型汽车感觉很平稳.  3 track for riding (usu a horse) on, esp throughwoods 可供骑行（通常指骑马）的小路（尤指林间）.  4 (idm习语) take sb for a `ride (infml 口) deceive or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人.
ride
/ raId; raId/ v (pt rode / rEUd; rod/, pp ridden / 5rIdn; `rIdn/)  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ on sth; ~ away, off, etc sit on a horse, etc and be carried along 骑马等: children riding on donkeys 骑著驴的孩子 * ride off into the distance 骑马奔向远方 * riding on her father's shoulders 骑在她父亲的肩上.  2 [Tn] sit on and control (sth) 骑（某物）: ride a pony, bicycle, etc 骑小马、 自行车等 * a jockey who has ridden six winners (ie winning horses) this season 在本赛季中已六次夺标的赛马骑师.  3 [Ipr] ~ in/on sth be carried along (in a vehicle) as a passenger 搭乘（交通工具）: ride in a bus, on a train, etc 坐公共汽车、 火车等 * You ride in the back (of the car) with yourbrother. 你跟你弟弟坐（汽车的）後座. =>Usage at travel用法见travel.  4 [I] go out regularly on horseback (as a pastime, etc) 经常骑马外出（消遣等）: Do you ride much? 你常骑马吗? * She hasn't been out riding since the accident. 她自从出了事故以後, 一直没有骑马外出过.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] go through or over (sth) on a horse, bicycle, etc 骑马、 骑自行车等通过（某物）: ride the prairies 骑马过草原 * I've been riding these trails for 40 years. 我40年来一直骑自行车走这条小路.  6 [I, Ipr, Tn] float or be supported on (water, etc) 漂浮於（水等）之上: surfers riding the waves 正在作冲浪运动的人 * gulls riding (on) the wind 乘风　翔的海鸥 * (fig 比喻) The moon was riding (ie appeared to be floating) high (in the sky). 月亮高高挂在天空.  7 [Tn] yield to (a punch, etc) so as to reduce its effect 顺势躲避（来拳等）.  8 (idm 习语) let sth `ride (infml 口) take no further (immediate) action on sth 对某事物不（立即）采取进一步的行动: I'll let things ride for a week and see what happens. 我先让事情任其发展一星期再说. ride at `anchor (of a ship) remain secured by an anchor（指船）抛锚停泊. ride for a `fall (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) act in a risky way which makes disaster likely 鲁莽行事. ride `high (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) be successful 获得成功: The company is riding high this year. 公司今年生意很好. ride out/weather the/a storm => storm. ride roughshod over sb/sth treat sb/sth harshly, thoughtlessly or with contempt 粗暴地、 轻率地或盛气凌人地对待某人[某事物]: He rode roughshod over all opposition to his ideas. 他恣意压制所有与他相左的意见. ride to `hounds (fml 文) go fox-hunting 去猎狐.  9 (phr v) ride sb down direct one's horse at sb to knock him down 策马撞倒某人. ride up (of an article of clothing) move gradually upwards, out of position （指衣物）逐渐向上拥（脱离正常位置）: Your shirt's riding up. 你的衬衫拥到上边来了.
rider 
n  1 person who rides a horse, bicycle, etc 骑马、 骑自行车等的人: a poor, an excellent, an average, etc rider 骑术不佳、 极好、 一般...的人 * She's no rider, ie cannot ride well. 她不善骑马.  2 ~ (to sth) additional remark following a statement, verdict, etc 供述、 裁定等後面附加的评论; 附文: We should like to add a rider to the previous remarks. 我们想在原有的意见後面再加上一条. riderless adj without a rider 无骑乘者的: a riderless horse 没人骑的马.
ridge
/ rIdV; rIdV/ n  1 raised line where two sloping surfaces meet; narrow raised strip 脊; 脊梁; 脊状物: the ridge of a roof 屋脊 * There are ridges on the soles to help the boots grip the surface. 靴底有凸起的条纹防滑. * a series of ridges in a ploughed field 　过的田地上的　. Cf 参看 furrow.  2 narrow stretch of high land along the top of a line of hills; long mountain range 山脊; 山脉.=>illus at mountain 见mountain插图. Cf 参看 plateau.3 (in meteorology) elongated region of high pressure （气象学用语）高压脊. Cf 参看 trough 4.
ridge 
v [Tn] cover (sth) with or make (sth) into ridges 给（某物）加脊状物; 使（某物）成脊状: a slightly ridged surface 略呈脊状的表面.
ridge-pole 
n horizontal pole at the apex of the roof of a long tent （长形帐篷的）横梁.
ridge-tile 
n any of the tiles placed on the apex of the sloping roof of a building 脊瓦.
ridgeway 
n (Brit) road or track along the ridge of a hill 山脊路; 山脊小径.
ridicule
/ 5rIdIkju:l; `rIdIkjul/ n [U] (process of) making sb/sth appear foolish or absurd; scorn 嘲弄; 戏弄; 嘲笑: incur ridicule 遭受嘲弄 * attempt to escape ridicule 力图避免他人耻笑 * be held up to ridicule 被嘲弄 * He's become an object of ridicule, ie People say he is foolish/absurd. 他成了大家嘲笑的对象.
ridicule 
v [Tn] make fun of (sb/sth); mock 嘲弄 （某人[某事物]）; 嘲笑: The opposition ridiculed the government's proposals, saying they offered nothing new. 反对派揶揄政府的建议, 说成是老调重弹.
ridiculous
/ rI5dIkjUlEs; rI`dIkjElEs/ adj  1 deserving to be laughed at; absurd 可笑的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的: You look ridiculous in those tight jeans. 你穿上那紧身牛仔裤样子真可笑. * What a ridiculous idea! 多麽荒谬的念头!  2 (idm 习语) (go) from the sublime to the ridiculous => sublime. 
ridiculously 
adv. 
ridiculousness 
n [U].
riding
/ 5raIdIN; `raIdIN/ n [U]  1 sport or pastime of going about on a horse 骑马（运动或消遣）: enjoy, take up riding 骑马玩、 骑马消遣.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) concerned with or used in riding 骑马的; 骑马用的: `riding-boots 马靴.
riding-crop 
n = crop 5.
riding-school 
n school for teaching and practising horse-riding 骑术学校.
riding
/ 5raIdIN; `raIdIN/ n  1 Riding (Brit) any of the three administrative divisions of Yorkshire until 1974 1974年以前约克郡所设之三个行政区之一: East/North/West Riding (of Yorkshire) （约克郡的）东[北/西]区.  2 (in Canada) electoral constituency （加拿大的）选区.
rife
/ raIf; raIf/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) (a) (esp of bad things) widespread; common （尤指不良事物）流行, 普遍: an area where crime is rife 犯罪现象十分普遍的地区. (b) ~ with sth full of (esp sth bad) （尤指不良事物）充满, 充斥: the country was rife with rumours of war 这个国家流传著要发生战争的谣言.
riff
/ rIf; rIf/ n short repeated pattern of notes in popular music （流行音乐中的）重复乐段.
riff-raff
/ 5rIf rAf; `rIf 9rAf/ (esp 尤作 the riff-raff) n [U] (derog 贬) ill-behaved people of the lowest social class; the rabble 下等社会的为非作歹者; 乌合之众: Don't bring any riff-raff into my house! 别把不三不四的人领到我家来!
riffle
/ 5rIfl; `rIfl/ v  1 [Tn] shuffle (playing-cards) by holding part of the pack in each hand and releasing cards alternately so that they form one pack again 洗（纸牌）（搀和整理）.  2 (phr v) riffle through sth turn the pages of (a book, etc) quickly and casually 迅速而随意地翻动（书等）的页.
riffle 
n (US)  1 (stretch of) choppy water in a stream, caused by a rocky shoal or shallow （礁石、 浅滩或浅水处的）急流, 湍流, 湍急流段.  2 shoal or shallow 浅滩; 浅水处.
rifle
/ 5raIfl; `raIfl/ n type of gun with a long barrel which has spiral grooves inside, usu fired from the shoulder 步枪; 来复枪. =>illus at gun 见 gun 插图.
rifle 
v [Tn] cut spiral grooves in (a gun-barrel) 在（枪管）内制出来复线. 
rifling 
/ 5raIflIN; `raIflIN/ n [U] these grooves 来复线; 膛线.
rifleman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) soldier in a regiment armed with rifles （配备步枪的）步兵.
rifle-range 
n  1 [C] place for practising shooting with rifles 步枪射击场.  2 (also `rifle-shot) [U] distance that a rifle-bullet will travel 步枪射程: out of/within rifle-range 在步枪的射程外[内].
rifle
/ 5raIfl; `raIfl/ v [Tn] search and rob (sth) 搜劫（某物）: The safe had been rifled and many documents taken. 保险箱遭到搜劫, 许多文件被盗走了.
rift
/ rIft; rIft/ n  1 split, crack, break, etc 裂缝; 裂口; 破裂处: a rift in the clouds 云中的缝隙.  2 serious disagreementbetween friends, members of a group, etc （朋友、 成员等之间的）不和, 裂痕: a growing rift between the two factions 两派日益扩大的裂痕.
rift valley 
n steep-sided valley caused by subsidence of the earth's crust 地堑; 裂谷.
rig
/ rIg; rI^/ v (-gg-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fit (a ship or boat) with masts, spars, ropes, sails, etc 给（船）装备桅樯、 帆樯、 索具、 帆等.  2 (phr v) rig sb out (in/with sth) (a) provide sb with clothes or equipment 向某人提供衣物或装备: The sergeant will rig you out (with everything you need). 中士将发给你（一切必需的）物品. (b) (infml 口) dress sb up 给某人穿衣打扮: rigged out in her best clothes 身穿她最漂亮的衣服. rig sth up set up (a structure, etc) quickly and/or with makeshift materials 用临时替代材料迅速搭起（某物）: rig up a shelter for the night 匆匆搭篷过夜 * rig up some scaffolding for the workmen 为工人搭个脚手架.
rig 
n  1 way that a ship's masts, sails, etc are arranged 船桅、 船帆等的装置: the fore-and-aft rig of a schooner 纵帆船的纵向帆装.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) equipment for a special purpose 作某用途的设备: an `oil rig 油井钻探设备 * a `test-rig, ie on which motor-vehicles, electrical appliances, etc are tested 试验架（测试机动车辆、 电器等的装置）.  3 (infml 口) style of dress 服装式样.
rigging 
n [U] arrangement of ropes, etc that support a ship's masts and sails 支撑船桅和船帆的索具装置: The sailors climbed up into the rigging. 水手沿帆索往上攀. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图.
rig-out 
n (Brit infml 口) outfit of clothes 一套服装: wearing a bizarre rig-out 穿著一套奇装异服.
rig
/ rIg; rI^/ v (-gg-) [Tn] manage or control (sth) fraudulently （以欺诈手段）操纵或控制（某事物）: He claimed (the result of) the election was rigged. 他断言选举（的结果）有假. * rig the market, ie cause an artificial rise or fall in share prices, etc in order to make (illegal) profits 操纵股票市场.
right
/ raIt; raIt/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of conduct, actions, etc) morally good; required by law or duty （指行为、 行动等）正当, 适当, 合法, 符合要求: Is it ever right to kill? 杀害生命是正当的吗? * You were quite right to refuse/in deciding to refuse/in your decision to refuse. 你予以拒绝[决定予以拒绝/予以拒绝的决定]是恰当的. * It seems only right to warn you that... 似乎应该警告你.... Cf 参看 wrong 1.  2 true or correct 对的; 正确的; 准确的: Actually, that's not quite right. 实际上, 那不完全对. * Did you get the answer right? 你找到正确的答案了吗? * Have you got the right money (ie exact fare) for the bus? 你有买公共汽车票（那个数）的零钱吗? * What's the right time? 现在准确的时间是几点?  3 best in view of the circumstances; most suitable 最切合实际的; 最适宜的; 最恰当的: Are we on the right road? 我们走的路对吗? * Is this the right way to the zoo? 去动物园是走这条路吗? * He's the right man for the job. 他是最适合做这件工作的人. * That coat's just right for you. 那件大衣你穿正合适. * the right side of a fabric, ie the side meant to be seen or used 织物的正面.  4 (also all right) in a good or normal condition 情况良好或正常: `Do you feel all right?' `Yes, I feel quite all right/No, I don't feel (quite) right.' ｀你感觉好吗?＇｀很好[不（太）好].＇  5 [attrib 作定语] (Brit infml 口) (esp inderogatory phrases 尤用於含贬义的词组) real; complete真实的; 完全的: you made a right mess of that! 你把那事完全弄糟了! * She's a right old witch! 她是个不折不扣的老妖婆!  6 (idm 习语) all `right (used to indicate agreement, approval, etc 用以表示同意、 赞成等): `Do you want to join us for dinner?' `All right!' ｀你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗?＇｀好哇!＇ all ,right on the `night (saying 谚) (of a performance, etc) satisfactory when the time comes for it to be done, etc （指表演等）到时候准能使人满意: The hall isn't quite ready for the ceremony yet, but it will be all right on the night. 举行典礼的大厅尚未完全布置好, 但到时候定能准备就绪. a bit of all right => bit1. do the right/wrong thing do sth that is/is not honourable, socially acceptable, etc in the circumstances 做得对[不对]、 得当[不得当]等. get sth `right/`straight understand sth clearly, without error 清楚无误地了解某事物: Let's get this right once and for all. 咱们把这个问题彻底弄清楚吧. * Let's get one thing straight  I give the orders round here, OK?咱们得先弄清楚一件事--在这儿得听我的, 懂吗? have one's heart in the right place => heart. hit/strike the right/wrong note => hit1. (not) in one's right `mind (not) mentally normal; (not) sane 精神（不）正常的; 神志（不）清醒的. might is right => might2.not (quite) right in the/one's `head (infml 口) foolish; eccentric; (slightly) mad 愚蠢的; 古怪的; （有些）疯癫的. on the right/wrong side of forty, etc => side1. on the right/wrong side of sb/sth => side1. on the right/wrong track => track n. put/set sb/sth right restore sb/sth to order; correct sb/sth 使某人[某事物]恢复正常; 改正、 纠正某人[某事物]的错误: put a `watch right, ie to the correct time 把手表拨准 * I want to set/put you `right on one or two matters. 我想给你 纠正一两个错误. right (you are)! (Brit also right-oh!) (infml 口) (used to indicate agreement to an order or with a suggestion or (esp US) with a request 用以表示同意一项命令、 建议或请求, 尤用於美式英语表示同意请求). (as) right as `rain/as a `trivet (infml 口) in excellent health or working order 十分健康或正常. start off on the right/wrong foot => start2. touch the right chord => touch1.
rightly 
adv justly; correctly; properly; justifiably 公正地; 正确地; 恰当地: act rightly 做得对 * Did I hear rightly? 我听到的消息准确吗? * She's been sacked, and rightly so. 她被解雇了, 这件事做得对. * He was rightly furious at the decision. 他对那个决定大发雷霆, 这是很自然的.
rightness 
n [U]: the rightness (ie justice) of their cause 他们的事业的正义性.
right angle 
angle of 90 直角; 90 度角: at right angles/at a right angle (to the wall) （与墙）成直角. =>illusat angle 见angle插图. =>App 5 见附录5. `right-angledadj having/consisting of a right angle 有[成]直角的: a right-angled triangle 直角三角形 * a right-angled bend in the road 道路上成90度的转弯.
right-minded 
having proper or honest opinions, based on what is right 见解正确的; 有正义感的; 正直的: All ,right-minded `people will be surely shocked by this outrage. 凡是有正义感的人都一定会对这种暴行感到震惊. 
right-mindedness 
n [U].
right
/ raIt; raIt/ adv  1 exactly (in position, time, etc); directly （位置、 时间等）准确地; 直接地: sitting right beside you 就坐在你的旁边 * The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来.  2 all the way; completely 从头到尾; 彻底地; 完全地: Go right to the end of the road. 一直走到这条路的尽头. * I fell right to the bottom of the stairs. 我从楼梯上一直摔到楼梯下面. * a fence right around the garden 严严实实环绕著花园的围栏 * The pear was rotten right through. 这个梨烂透了. * turn right round and go in the opposite direction 向後转走 * The handle came right off in my hand. 这个把手脱落时还在我手中攥著.  3 correctly; satisfactorily; properly 正确地; 令人满意地; 恰当地: Have I guessed right or wrong? 我猜得对不对? * Nothing seems to be going right for me at the moment, ie I'm having a lot of problems. 我现在好像事事不顺心.  4 immediately 立即; 马上: I must answer that phone, but I'll be right back. 我得去接电话, 马上就回来.  5 (idm 习语) `right/`straight away/off without hesitation or delay 毫不犹豫地; 毫不耽搁地: I want it typed right away, please. 请立刻把它打印出来. * I told her right/straight off what I thought of her. 我把我对她的看法直截了当地告诉了她. right `now immediately; at this moment 立即; 此刻. see sb `right ensure that sb has all he needs or wants 保证某人的一切需要或愿望得到满足: You needn't worry about running out of money  I'll always see you right. 你不必担心钱花光了怎麽办--我随时关照你的需要. serve sb right => serve. ,too `right! (infml esp Austral 口, 尤用於澳大利亚) (used to indicate enthusiastic agreement 用以表示欣然同意).
Right Honourable 
title of earls, viscounts, barons, Cabinet Ministers, and certain others 阁下（对伯爵、 子爵、 男爵、 内阁大臣及其他人士的尊称）: the Right Honourable James Smith, Foreign Secretary 外交大臣詹姆斯·史密斯阁下. Cf 参看 honourable 2.
Right Reverend 
title of a bishop 对主教的尊称: the Right Reverend Richard Harries, Bishop of Oxford 牛津主教理查德·哈里斯大人.
right
/ raIt; raIt/ n  1 [U] what is good, just, honourable, etc 正确; 正当; 公正; 正义: know the difference between right and wrong 明辨是非 * You did right to tell me the truth. 你把真相告诉了我, 这事做得对.  2 (a) [U] ~ to sth/to do sth proper claim to sth, or authority to do sth 对某事物的正当要求; 做某事的权利: What right have you to do that? 你有什麽权利做那事? * What gives you the right to do that? 谁给你的权利做那事? * have no right/not have any right to do sth 无权[没有任何权利]做某事. (b) [C] ~ (to sth) thing one may do or have by law 依法可做的或可有的事物: Everyone has a right to a fair trial. 人人有权要求获得公正审判. * have no rights as a UK citizen 没有英国公民所享有的权利 * Do the police have the right of arrest in this situation? 在此情况下警方有逮捕权吗?  3 rights [pl] legal authority or claim 法定权力或要求: the film, translation, foreign rights (of a book), ie authority to make a film of it, translate it, sell it abroad, etc （某书的）改编成电影的制片权, 翻译权, 向国外发行权 * all rights reserved, ie protected or kept for the owners of the book, film, etc 版权所有. Cf 参看 copyright.  4 (idm 习语) as of `right/by `right (fml 文) justly; correctly; because of having the proper/legal claim 公正地; 正确地; 基於正当的[合法的]权利: The property belongs to her as of right. 这财产按理说是属於她的. be in the `right have justice and truth on one's side 正义与真理在自己这边. by right of sth (fml 文) because of sth 因为; 由於: The Normans ruled England by right of conquest. 诺曼人征服了英格兰成了统治者. by `rights if justice were done (which, by implication, seems unlikely); in justice 要是公正的话（言外之意不大可能）; 公正地: By rights, half the reward should be mine. 按理说, 有一半奖赏应该是我的. do right by sb treat sb fairly 公正地对待某人. in one's own `right because of a personal claim, qualification, etc 凭本身的权利、 资格等: She's a peeress in her own right, ie not merely by marriage to a peer. 她本身就是贵族（并非因嫁给了贵族）. put/set sb/sth to `rights correct sb/sth; put (things) in order 纠正某人[某事物]的错误; 使（事物）就绪: It took me ages to put things to rights after the workmen had finished. 工人干完活儿後, 我用了很长时间才收拾好. the rights and `wrongs of sth true facts 事实; 真相. stand on one's `rights insist on being treated in a way that one can properly claim one is entitled to 坚持自己的权利. two wrongs don't make a right => wrong n. within one's `rights(to do sth) not exceeding one's authority or entitlement不超越自己权力或权利的范围: He's quite within his rights to demand an enquiry. 他完全有权要求进行调查.
right of way  
1 (a) right to pass over another person's land （在他人土地上通过的）通行权: Is there a right of way across these fields? 人们有权通过这些田地吗? (b) path subject to such a right 有通行权的道路: public rights of way 公众有通行权的道路.  2 (in road traffic) right to proceed while another vehicle must wait （路上的车辆）优先通行权: It's my right of way, so you should have stopped and let me go. 我有优先通行权, 你本应当停车让我先过.
rights issue 
(commerce 商) offer of new shares in a company at a reduced price to existing shareholders 股权股发行（公司以优惠价格向现有股东发售新股）.
right
/ raIt; raIt/ v [Tn] ~ itself/sth  1 return itself/sth to a proper, correct or upright position 使某物回复到适当的、 正确的或直立的位置: I managed to right the car after it skidded. 汽车滑向一侧, 我立即控制住了. * The ship righted itself after the big wave had passed. 大浪过後, 船又平稳了.  2 correct itself/sth 纠正或改正某事物: right a wrong 改正错误 * The fault will right itself (ie will correct itself without help) if you give it time. 只要过一些时候, 这个毛病就能自行更正了.
righteous
/ 5raItFEs; `raItFEs/ adj  1 (fml 文) doing what is morally right 正直的; 公正的.  2 morally justifiable 正义的; 正当的: righteous anger, indignation, wrath 义愤 * (derog 贬) Don't adopt that righteous tone of voice!别用那种一本正经的腔调说话! 
righteously 
adv. 
righteousness 
n [U].
rightful
/ 5raItfl; `raItfEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] just, proper or legal 正义的; 正当的; 合法的: a rightful claim 正当的要求 * his rightful punishment 他受到的应有的处罚 * the rightful owner, king, father, etc 合法的所有人、 国王、 父亲等. 
rightfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv.
rigid
/ 5rIdVId; `rIdVId/ adj  1 stiff; not bending or yielding 坚硬的; 不弯曲的; 刚性的: a rigid support for the tent 帐篷的坚硬的支柱 * (fig 比喻) Her face was rigid with terror. 她吓得目瞪口呆.  2 strict; firm; unchanging 严格的; 坚强的; 不变的: a man of very rigid principles 原则性很强的人 * practise rigid economy, ie be very frugal 厉行节约. 
rigidity 
/ rI5dVIdEtI; rI`dVIdEtI/ n [U]: The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack. 这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹. * He deplored the rigidity of her views. 他痛感她的观点僵化. 
rigidly 
adv: rigidly constructed buildings 建造得很坚固的建筑物 * rigidly opposed to any change 顽固地反对一切变革.
rigmarole
/ 5rIgmErEUl; `rI^mE9rol/ n [C usu sing通常作单数] (derog 贬)  1 (unnecessarily) complicated procedure （不必要的）复杂手续: go through the whole rigmarole of filling out forms 通过填表这一整套繁琐的程序.  2 long wandering story or statement 冗长而离题的故事或叙述: I've never heard such a rigmarole. 我从来没听过像这样的长篇废话.
rigor mortis
/ 9rIgE 5mR:tIs; 9rI^L`mRrtIs/ stiffening of the body after death 尸僵; 死後强直: Rigor mortis had already set in. 尸体已经僵硬.
rigour (US rigor) 
/ 5rIgE(r); `rI^L/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] severity; strictness; (esp mental) discipline 严格; 严厉; （尤指思想的）严谨, 严密: the utmost rigour of the law 法律的苛严 * intellectual rigour 思想的缜密.  2 [C often pl 常作复数] harshness (of weather, conditions, etc) （气候、 条件等的）严酷; 艰苦: the rigour(s) of an Arctic winter, of prison life, etc 北极冬季的严寒、 监狱生活的艰苦.
rigorous 
/ 5rIgErEs; `rI^ErEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 severe; strict 严厉的; 严格的: rigorous discipline 严明的纪律.2 strictly accurate or detailed 精确的; 严密的: rigorousattention to detail 一丝不苟 * a rigorous search, examination,analysis, etc 彻底的搜寻、 严密的检查、 精确的分析.  3 (of weather, etc) harsh （指天气等）严酷的: a rigorous climate 严酷的气候. 
rigorously 
adv. 
rigorousness 
n [U].
de rigueur
/ dE rI5g\:(r); dErI`^[/ (French 法) required by etiquette or custom 按照礼仪或风俗所要求的: Evening dress is de rigueur at the Casino. 在赌博娱乐场要穿晚礼服.
rile
/ raIl; raIl/ v [Tn] (infml 口) annoy (sb); irritate 使（某人）恼火; 激怒: Don't get riled. 别生气. * It riles me that he won't agree. 他就是不同意, 真气人.
rim
/ rIm; rIm/ n  1 edge or border of sth that is (approximately) circular 圆形（或近似圆形）物体的边缘: the rim of a cup, bowl, etc 杯、 碗等的边 * a pair of spectacles with gold rims 一副金框眼镜.  2 outer edge of a wheel, on which the tyre is fitted （安装轮胎的）辋圈, 轮圈. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xiii.
rim 
v (-mm-) [Tn] provide (sth) with a rim; be a rim for (sth) 给（某物）镶边; 形成（某物）的边缘: Mountains rimmed the valley. 群山环绕著这个山谷.
rimless 
adj (of spectacles) having lenses which have no frames round them （指眼镜）无框的.
-rimmed 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a rim or rims of the type specified 有某种边缘或边框的: steel-rimmed glasses 钢框眼镜 * red-rimmed eyes, eg from weeping 眼眶发红（如因哭泣）.
rime
/ raIm; raIm/ n [U] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) frost 霜.
rind
/ raInd; raInd/ n [C, U] hard outer skin or covering on some fruits (eg oranges, lemons) and some types of cheese, bacon, etc 某些水果（如橘子、 柠檬）的硬皮; 乾酪、 腌肉等的外皮: cut off the `bacon rind 切掉腌肉的皮. Cf 参看 peel n, skin 4, zest 3.
ring
/ rIN; rIN/ n   1 small circular band of precious metal, often set with a gem or gems, worn esp on the finger 用贵金属制造的（常镶有珠宝的）小环, 小圈; （尤指）戒指: a diamond `ring 钻戒 * an en`gagement ring 订婚戒指 * a `wedding ring 结婚戒指 * a `nose ring 鼻环.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) circular band of any kind of material （任何材料制的）环形物: a `napkin ring 餐巾环 * a `key-ring 钥匙环 * inflatable rubber rings, eg as worn by children on their arms when learning to swim 充气橡皮圈（如儿童学游泳时戴在胳膊上的） * the rings of Saturn 土星的光环.  3 circle 圆圈; 圆环: the rings in/of a tree, ie the concentric circles seen when the trunk is cut straight across, showing the tree's age 树的年轮 * puff out `smoke-rings, ie rings of tobacco smoke 喷出烟圈儿（吸烟时） * The men were standing in a ring. 那些人站成一个圆圈. * dark rings round her eyes from lack of sleep 她那因睡眠不足而发黑的眼圈.  4 combination of people working together, esp secretly 集团（尤指秘密的）: a `spy ring 间谍网 * a ring of dealers controlling prices at an antiques auction 操纵古物拍卖价格的一帮买卖人.  5 (a) (also `circus ring) (esp circular) enclosure in which a circus is held （尤指圆形的）马戏场. (b) (also `boxing ring) raised square space enclosed by ropes for boxing matches 拳击场: knock sb out of the ring 把某人击出场地.  6 (idm 习语) run `rings round sb (infml 口) do things much better than sb 做事比某人好得多.
ring 
v (pt, pp -ed)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth (with sth) surround sb/sth 围绕、 环绕或包围某人[某物]: A high fence ringed the prison camp. 有一道高高的铁丝网围著战俘营. * ringed about with enemies 被敌人包围.  2 [Tn] make a circular mark round (sth) 环绕（某物）做圆形标记; 将（某物）圈出: Ring the correct answer with your pencil. 用铅笔圈出正确的答案.  3 [Tn] put a metal ring on the leg of (a bird) to identify it, or in the nose of (a bull, etc) 给（鸟）的腿套上金属环（以供识别）; 给（牛等）戴鼻圈.
ring binder 
folder for papers, in which metal rings go through holes in the edges of the pages, holding them in place 活页夹; 活页簿.
ring-finger 
n third finger, usu of the left hand, on which a wedding-ring is traditionally worn 无名指（通常指左手的, 结婚戒指多戴於该指）. =>illus at hand 见hand插图.
ringleader 
n (esp derog 尤作眨义) person who leads others in crime or opposition to authority 犯罪或叛乱活动的头目; 罪魁; 祸首; 元凶.
ring mains 
main electrical circuit in a house, etc, off which branch supplies are taken （房子等配电线路的）环形主线.
ringmaster 
n person in charge of a circus performance 马戏演出的领班.
ring-pull 
n small piece of metal with a ring attached which is pulled to open certain types of tin can, etc （易拉罐等的）拉环: [attrib 作定语] a ring-pull can 易拉罐罐头.
ring road 
(Brit) road built around a town to reduce traffic in the centre 环路, 环城公路（为疏导城市中心区之交通而设）.
ringside 
n  1 (esp 尤作 the ringside) [U] area immediately beside a boxing or wrestling ring （拳击或摔跤竞技场的）台边区, 近台座席.  2 (idm 习语) have a ringside `seat be favourably placed for seeing sth 获得近台座席; 处於便於看清之位置.
ringworm 
n [U] skin disease, esp of animals or children, producing round red patches 癣.
ring
/ rIN; rIN/ v (pt rang / rN; rAN/, pp rung / rQN; rQN/)1 [I] make a clear resonant sound, usu like that of a bell being struck 发出清晰响亮的声音（通常指似铃声）: Will you answer the telephone if it rings? 电话铃声响时请你接电话好吗? * The metal door rang as it slammed shut. 金属门猛一关上时发出　光的响声. * The buzzer rang when the meal was ready. 饭做好时蜂呜器发出　兹　兹的响声.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (a bell, etc) to sound 使（钟铃等）发声: ring the fire alarm 鸣响火警警报 * ring the bell for school assembly 敲钟通知全校集合.  3 [La] produce a certain effect when heard 产生某种声音效果; 听起来: Her words rang hollow, ie What she said sounded insincere. 她的话听起来很虚（言不由衷）. * His story may seem incredible, but it rang (ie seemed likely to be) true. 他说的事情尽管难以置信, 但听起来却似有其事.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth) make a bell sound to call, warn, etc sb 鸣铃召唤、 警告...某人: `Did you ring, sir?' asked the stewardess. ｀先生, 是您按铃叫人吗?＇女服务员问道. * Someone is ringing at the door, ie ringing the doorbell. 有人在按门铃. * ring for the maid, for roomservice, etc 按铃召唤女仆、 召唤客房用餐服务部等.  5 [I,Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fig 比喻) be filled with (sounds,etc) 响著（声音等）: The playground rang with children's shouts. 游戏场上到处都是儿童的喊叫声. * (rhet 修辞) The village rang with the joy of Christmas. 村里洋溢著圣诞节的欢乐气氛.  6 [I, Ipr] (of ears) be filled with a ringing or humming sound （指耳朵）嗡嗡作响: The music was so loud it made my ears ring. 音乐的声音太大了, 把我耳朵震得直响.  7 (US call) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) telephone (sb/sth) 给（某人[某处]）打电话: I'll ring you tonight. 我今晚给你打电话. * Ring (up) the airport and find out when the plane leaves. 给机场打个电话, 问清楚什麽时候起飞.  8 [Tn] (of a chime of bells) mark (the time) by striking （指钟的报时装置）敲出（钟点）: ring the hours but not the quarters, ie ring on the hour but not at quarter or half past or quarter to 每小时响一次而不是每刻钟响一次.  9 (idm 习语) ring a `bell (infml 口) bring sth vaguely back to mind; sound familiar 模糊地记得; 听起来耳熟: His name rings a bell; perhaps we've met somewhere. 他的名字听起来耳熟, 也许我们在什麽地方见过面. ring the `changes ring church bells in various different orders （以不同顺序）敲教堂的钟. ring the changes (on sth) vary one's routine, choices, actions, etc 改变常规、 选择、 行动等:She likes to ring the changes (on how her office is arranged).她喜欢经常换换（布置自己办公室的）方式. ring up/down the `curtain (on sth) (a) (in a theatre) give the signal for the curtain to be raised/lowered （戏院）响铃升[落]幕: ring down the curtain on the first act 第一幕结束时响铃落幕. (b) mark the beginning/end of (an enterprise, etc) 开幕[闭幕]: ring up the curtain on a new football season 新的足球赛季正式开始. ,ring out the `old year and ,ring in the `new announce and celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of the next 辞旧岁迎新年.  10 (phr v) ring off (Brit) end a telephone conversation 挂断电话: He rang off before I could explain. 我还没来得及解释, 他就把电话挂上了. ring out sound loudly and clearly 发出响亮而清晰的声音: A pistol shot rang out. 响起了手枪的声音. ring sth up record (an amount, etc) on a cash register 将（款额等）记入现金出纳机: ring up all the items, the total, 6.99 把所有款项、 总额、 6.99英镑的一笔钱记入现金出纳机.
ring 
n  1 [C] act of ringing a bell; sound of a bell 按铃; 敲钟; 铃声; 钟声: give two rings of the bell 敲两下钟 * There was a ring at the door. 有人按门铃.  2 [sing] loud clear sound 响亮而清晰的声音: the ring of happy voices 欢声响亮.  3 [sing] ~ of sth tone or feeling of a particular kind 某种语气或感觉: That has a/the ring of truth about it, ie sounds true. 那件事听起来像是确有其事.  4 [C] (Brit infml 口) (US call) telephone call 电话; 通话: I'll give you a ring tomorrow. 我明天给你打电话.
ringer 
n  1 person who rings bells 按铃的人; 敲钟的人.  2 (US) racehorse, etc entered in a race under a false name 冒名顶替参赛的马等.  3 (idm 习语) be a dead ringer for sb => dead.
ringlet
/ 5rINlIt; `rINlIt/ n [C esp pl 尤作复数] long curl of hair hanging down from sb's head 下垂的长鬈发.
rink
=> ice-rink (ice1), skating-rink (skate1).
rinse
/ rIns; rIns/ v [Tn]  1 wash (sth) lightly 略微洗（某物）: He rinsed his hands quickly before eating. 他吃东西以前很快洗了一下手.  2 remove dirt, soap, etc from (sth) with water 冲洗掉（某物）上的污垢、 肥皂沫等: Rinse your hair thoroughly after shampooing it. 用洗发剂洗头後, 要把头发冲洗乾净.  3 (phr v) rinse sb/sth down (infml 口) have a drink after eating sth 吃食物後再用饮料送下: a sandwich and a glass of beer to rinse it down 一份三明治用一杯啤酒送下. rinse sth out remove dirt, etc from sth with water 用水冲洗污垢等: He rinsed the teapot out under the tap, to get rid of the tea-leaves. 他在水龙头下面冲洗茶壶, 以便把茶叶冲掉. rinse sth out of/from sth remove (dirt, soap, etc) from sth with water 用水冲洗某物上的（污垢、 肥皂沫等）: I rinsed the shampoo out of my hair. 我把头发上的洗发剂冲洗乾净了.
rinse 
n  1 [C] act of rinsing 洗涤; 冲洗: Give your hair a good rinse after shampooing it. 用洗发剂洗头後, 要把头发好好冲洗乾净.  2 [C, U] solution for tinting or conditioning the hair 染发液; 护发液: a blue rinse 蓝色染发液.
riot
/ 5raIEt; `raIEt/ n  1 [C] wild or violent disturbance by a crowd of people 暴乱; 骚乱: Riots broke out in several areas. 有几个地方发生了骚乱. * The police succeeded in quelling the riot. 警方把暴乱镇压了下去. * (fig 比喻) There'll be a riot (ie People will be very angry) if the government doesn't invest more in this service. 倘若政府不对此公用事业增加拨款, 就要天下大乱了.  2 [sing] ~ of sth profuse display (of sth) 充分的表现或展示: The flower-beds were a riot of colour. 花坛里色彩缤纷. * a riot of emotion 感情的宣泄.  3 a riot [sing] (infml 口) very amusing thing or person 极有趣的事物或人: She's an absolute riot! 她这个人真逗!  4 (idm 习语) read the Riot Act => read. run `riot behave in a wild, violent or uncontrolled way 撒野; 闹事: Football hooligans ran riot through the town. 闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为. * (fig 比喻) weeds running riot in the garden 园中蔓延滋长的杂草 * Inflation is running riot and prices are out of control. 通货极度膨胀, 物价失去控制.
riot 
v [I, Ipr] take part in a riot 暴动; 闹事: There's rioting in the streets. 街上有人闹事. * renewed outbreaks of rioting 骚乱的再度爆发. rioter n person who riots 参加暴乱者; 闹事者.
riotous 
/ -Es; -Es/ adj  1 (fml or law 文或律) disorderly; unruly 无秩序的; 不守规矩的; 混乱的; 闹事的: a riotous assembly, ie of people 秩序混乱的集会 * charged with riotous behaviour 被控聚众闹事.  2 [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) boisterous; unrestrained 喧闹的; 不受约束的: a riotous party 喧闹的聚会 * riotous laughter 放声大笑. 
riotously 
adv extremely 极端地: riotously funny 非常可笑. 
riotousness 
n [U] violent disorderly behaviour 暴乱; 骚乱; 闹事.
riot police 
police trained in dealing with rioters 防暴警察.
riot shield 
shield for use by police or soldiers dealing with riots 防暴盾牌（警察或士兵对付暴乱用的）.
rip
/ rIp; rIp/ v (-pp-)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] divide or make a hole in (sth) by pulling sharply 撕裂或拉破（某物）: I've ripped my trousers. 我把裤子撕破了. * rip a piece of cloth (in two) 把一块布撕成两半. (b) [Cn.a] ~ sth open open sth by pulling in this way 拉开或撕开某物: rip open a letter 撕开一封信 * My cat had its ear ripped open by a dog. 我的猫的耳朵被狗咬破了. (c) [I] (of material) become torn （指材料）破, 裂: Be careful with that dress; it rips easily. 小心那件连衣裙, 很容易破.2 (idm 习语) let `rip (about/against/at sb/sth) speak violently or passionately 激烈或激昂地说话: let rip against the government 激烈地抨击政府. let sth `rip (infml 口) (a) allow (a car, machine, etc) to go at its top speed 让（汽车、 机器等）以最高速度行驶或运转: Let her/it rip! 让车全速前进! (b) allow (things) to develop naturally, without attempting to control them 让（事物）自由发展而不加控制: They just let inflation rip. 他们对 通货膨胀完全不加控制.  3 (phr v) rip sb off (sl 俚) cheat sb, esp financially 欺骗某人（尤指钱财）: The shop tried to rip me off. 那商店想欺骗我. rip sth off (a) remove sth by pulling sharply 撕掉某物: rip the cover off (a book) 撕掉（书的）封面. (b) (sl 俚) steal sth 偷窃某物: Somebody's ripped off my wallet. 有人把我的钱包偷走了.
rip 
n  1 uneven or ragged tear or cut （参差不齐的）裂口, 裂缝: There's a big rip in my sleeve. 我的袖子破了一大块.  2 stretch of rough water in a river or the sea （河流或海洋的）激流, 激浪. Cf 参看 rip-tide.
rip-cord 
n cord that releases a parachute from its pack （降落伞的）开伞索: pull the rip-cord 拉动开伞索.
rip-off 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) (sl 俚) act of defrauding, stealing, overcharging, etc 欺诈; 偷窃; 索要高价: 80p for a cup of coffee? What a rip-off! 一杯咖啡要 80 便士? 真是敲竹杠!
rip-roaring 
adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (a) wild and noisy 喧闹的; 闹嚷嚷的. (b) great, huge, etc 大的; 巨大的: The film was a rip-roaring success. 这部影片极为成功.
rip-saw 
n saw with large coarse teeth, used for cutting wood along the grain 纵切锯; 粗齿锯.
RIP
/ 9B:r aI 5pi:; 9Br aI `pi/ abbr 缩写 =  (on tombstones, etc) (may he, she, they) rest in peace (Latin requiescat/requiescant in pace) （墓碑等用语）（愿他、 她、 他们）安息（源自拉丁文 requiescat/requiescant in pace）: James Dent RIP 愿詹姆斯·登特安息.
rip-tide
/ 5rIptaId; `rIp9taId/ n tide causing strong currents and rough water （造成巨浪和急流的）大潮.
riparian
/ raI5peErIEn; raI`pZrIEn/ adj (law or fml 律或文) of or inhabiting the banks of a river, lake, etc 河边的; 湖滨的; 岸上的; 栖於水滨的: riparian rights, eg to fish in a river 河岸权（如在某河中的捕鱼权） * riparian creatures 水滨生物.
ripe
/ raIp; raIp/ adj  1 (of fruit, grain, etc) ready to be gathered and used, esp for eating （指水果、 谷物等）成熟的: Are the apples ripe enough to eat yet? 这些苹果已经熟了吗? * harvest the ripe corn 收割已成熟的谷物 * (fig 比喻) Her lips were ripe as cherries, ie full and red like ripe cherries. 她的嘴唇像樱桃一样红润.  2 (of cheese) fully matured or developed （指乾酪）已成熟的: ripe cheese 成熟的乾酪 * (rare fig 罕, 比喻) ripe judgement, scholarship 成熟的判断力、 丰富的学识.3 (of a person's age) advanced （指人）成年的, 上年纪的: men of riper years 已成年的男子 * lived to a ripe old age 活到高龄 * (ironic 反语) at the ripe old age of 21 正值21岁高龄.  4 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) ready; fit; prepared 时机成熟; 适宜; 准备就绪: land that is ripe for development 适合开发的土地 * a nation ripe for revolution 革命时机已成熟的国家.  5 (idm 习语) the time is ripe => time1.
ripen 
/ 5raIpEn; `raIpEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become ripe （使某物）成熟: ripening corn 即将成熟的谷物 * peaches ripened by the sun 经日晒而成熟的桃.
ripeness 
n [U].
riposte
/ rI5pCst; rI`post/ n  1 quick verbal reply or retort, esp to criticism 迅速的回答或反驳（尤指对於批评）: a witty riposte 巧妙的回答.  2 (in fencing) quick return thrust after parrying （剑术）挡开对方的剑後迅速还刺.
riposte 
/ rI5pCst; rI`post/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) deliver a riposte 还刺; 还击.
ripple
/ 5rIpl; `rIpl/ n [C]  1 small wave or series of waves 波纹; 涟漪: She threw a stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread. 她把一块石头扔进池塘里, 看著水的波纹扩散开.  2 thing like this in appearance or movement 外观或运动如波纹的事物: slight ripples on the surface of the metal 金属表面上的小波纹.  3 gentle rising and falling sound 轻柔的起伏声: a ripple of laughter, voices, applause 一阵轻柔起伏的笑声、 说话声、 掌声.
ripple 
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move in ripples （使某物）起伏: corn rippling in the breeze 在微风中起伏如波浪的庄稼 * rippling muscles 一条条凸起的肌肉 * wind rippling the lake 吹皱湖水的风.
rise
/ raIz; raIz/ n  1 (a) upward movement or progress 上升; 升起; 进展; 振兴: His rise to power was very rapid. 他很快掌握了大权. * the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰. (b) increase in amount, number or intensity （金额、 数量或强度的）增加: a rise in the price of meat, the value of the dollar, the average temperature 肉类价格的上涨、 美元的升值、 平均温度的增高.  2 upward slope; small hill 斜坡; 小山; 岗; 丘: At the top of the rise they paused for a rest. 他们在小山的顶部停下来休息. * a church situated on a small rise 座落在小山上的教堂.  3 (Brit) (US raise) increase (in wages) （工资的）增加: demand a rise (in wages) from next October 要求从下个十月份起增加工资.  4 (idm 习语) get/take a rise out of sb cause sb to show annoyance or make an angry response by teasing, etc 戏弄某人使之厌烦或愤怒. give rise to sth (fml 文) cause sth 引起、 导致某事物: Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语.
riser 
n  1 vertical piece between two treads of a staircase 梯级竖板.  2 person who habitually gets up early or late in the morning (as specified) 惯於早起或晚起的人: an early/a late riser 早起[晚起]的人.
rise
/ raIz; raIz/ v (pt rose / rEUz; roz/, pp risen / 5rIzn;`rIzn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr] come or go upwards; reach a high or higher level, position, etc 上升; 达到较高的水平、 位置等: The cost of living continues to rise. 生活费用继续上涨. * The river has risen (by) several metres. 河水上涨了好几米. * smoke rising from the chimney 从烟囱里冒出的烟 * Her voice rose in anger. 她因愤怒而提高了嗓门. * new tower-blocks rising nearby 在附近新建起的高层建筑.  2 [I] (fml 文) get up from a lying, sitting or kneeling position; get out of bed （躺、 坐或跪後）起立, 起身; 起床: accustomed to rising early 习惯於早起 * He rose (in order) to welcome me. 他起身欢迎我. * unable to rise because of his injuries （他）因受伤而起不了床.  3 [I] (fml 文) (of the people taking part in a meeting or other assembly) disperse （指参加会议或其他集会的人）散开, 散去: The House (ie Members of the House of Commons) rose at 10 pm. 下议院已於晚上10点钟散会. * Parliament rises (ie ends its current session) on Thursday. 国会星期四休会.  4 [I] become upright or erect 竖立; 竖起: The hair on the back of my neck rose when I heard the scream. 我听到那尖叫声不禁毛骨悚然.  5 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) (against sb/sth) (fml 文) rebel 反叛; 造反; 起义: rise (up) in revolt 起来造反 * rise (up) against the foreign invaders 反抗外国侵略者.6 [I] (of the wind) begin to blow (more strongly) （指风）刮起来（更猛）: The wind is rising -- I think there's a storm coming. 风越刮越猛--大概要来暴风雨了.7 [I] (of the sun, moon, etc) appear above the horizon （指太阳、 月亮等）从地平线上升起: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起, 至西方落下. Cf 参看 set2 19.  8 [I] increase in cheerfulness （情绪）增高: Her spirits (ie her mood, feelings, emotions) rose at the news. 她听到那消息异常兴奋.  9 [I, Ipr] reach a higher rank, status or position (in society, one's career, etc) （在社会上、 职业上等）升至较高的级别、 地位或职位: He rose from the ranks to become an officer. 他由士兵升为军官. * rise from nothing to become a great leader 由无名小卒一跃而为伟大领袖 * a rising young politician 平步青云的年轻政治家.  10 [I] (of dough, bread, etc) swell under the action of yeast, baking powder, etc （指生面团、 面包等）发酵胀起: My cake is a disaster -- it hasn't risen. 我的蛋糕做坏了--面没发起来.  11 [I, Ipr] (of a river) begin to flow; have its source （指河流）发源: The Thames rises in the Cotswold Hills. 泰晤士河发源於科茨沃尔德丘陵.  12 (idm 习语) early to bed and early to rise => early. make sb's gorge rise => gorge1. make one's hackles rise => hackles. ,rise and `shine (Brit catchphrase 警语) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) get out of bed and be active 快起床. `rise again/from the `dead come to life again after death 复活; 再生: Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead on Easter Sunday. 基督徒相信耶稣在那个星期日（後定为复活节）里复活了. rise to the `bait succumb to a lure or temptation 上钩; 中圈套: As soon as I mentioned money he rose to the bait, and became really interested. 我一提钱他便怦然心动, 上了我的钩. rise to the oc`casion, `challenge, `task, etc prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected situation, problem, etc 有随机应变、 克服困难、 完成任务等的能 力.  13 (phr v) rise above sth (show oneself to) be superior to sth, capable of dealing with it, etc （表明自己）优於某事物、 有能力处理等: She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success. 她战胜了重重困难, 取得了巨大的成功.
rising 
n [C] armed rebellion; revolt 武装反叛; 造反; 起义: Troops put down a rising in the capital. 部队平息了发生在首都的叛乱.  adv (idm 习语) ,rising `five, twelve, etc (of a child) nearly five, twelve, etc years old （指儿童）近五岁、 十二岁等.
rising damp 
dampness rising from the ground into the walls of a building （从地面渗入墙中的）潮气.
rising fives
etc children of nearly five, etc years old 接近五岁等的儿童: Mrs Smith teaches the rising fives. 史密斯夫人教那些快五岁的儿童.
the rising generation 
young people who are growing up 年轻的一代.
risible
/ 5rIzEbl; `rIzEbl/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) fit to be laughed at; ridiculous 引人笑的; 可笑的; 滑稽的: The entire proposal is risible: it will never be accepted. 这个建议完全是荒唐可笑的, 根本不可能采纳.
risk
/ rIsk; rIsk/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (of sth/that...) (instance of the) possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc 危险; 风险: Is there any risk of the bomb exploding? 这个炸弹有爆炸的危险吗? * You shouldn't underestimate the risks of the enterprise. 你不应低估这一计画的风险. * There's no risk of her failing/that she'll fail. 她不会有失败的危险. * insure a house for all risks, ie fire, theft, etc 给房子保综合险（火险、 盗窃险等） * [attrib 作定语] an all-risks policy 综合保险保单 * an investment involving a high degree of risk 风险很大的投资.  2 [C] person or thing insured or representing a source of risk 被保险的人或物; 保险对象; 产生危险的根源: He's a good/poor risk. 他是个风险很小[很大]的保险对象. * All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险.  3 (idm 习语) at one's own risk agreeing to make no claims for any loss, injury, etc 自担风险（同意不要求赔偿损失、 损害等）: Persons swimming beyond this pointdo so at their own risk, ie No one else will take responsibilityfor whatever happens to them. 游泳者超越此界限若有意外後果自负. at `risk threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc; in danger 有危险; 冒风险: put one's life at risk 冒生命危险 * The whole future of the company is at risk. 公司的整个前途受到威胁. * My job is at risk, ie I may be made redundant. 我的工作保不住了（我遭受到裁减的危险）. at the risk of (doing sth) with the possibility of (doing sth) 冒可能（做某事）的危险: At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer. 我甘受拂逆盛情之嫌, 也必须谢绝你的提议. at risk to sb/sth with the possibility of losing or injuring sb/sth 冒失去或殃及某人[某事物]的危险: He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/to his own life. 他冒著极大的生命危险救了那个孩子. a calculated risk => calculate. run the risk (of doing sth); run `risks do sth that exposes one to a danger, possibility, etc 冒自身危险做某事: We can't run the risk (of losing all that money). 我们不能冒（失掉全部钱的）风险. * He runs more risk of being arrested. 他冒的被逮捕的危险更大. * She runs the same risks. 她也在冒这样的风险. take a `risk/`risks do sth that involves the possibility of failure, danger, etc 冒险做可能失败、 有危险等的事: You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富. * That's a risk I'm prepared to take. 那是我愿意冒险做的事情.
risk 
v  1 [Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to danger 使（某人[自己]）面临危险: risk one's health, fortune, neck (ie life) 冒丧失健康、 财富、 生命之险.  2 [Tn, Tg] accept the possibility of (sth) 甘愿承受可能发生的（某事）: risk failure 失败亦在所不惜 * risk getting caught in a storm 不怕赶上暴风雨.
risky 
adj (-ier, -iest) full of danger; full of potential for failure, loss, etc 充满危险或风险的; 有很大危险或风险的: a risky undertaking 多风险的事业. 
riskily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
riskiness 
n [U].
risotto
/ rI5zCtEU; rI`zRto/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] Italian dish of rice cooked in stock, to which vegetables, seafood, etc may be added 意大利汤饭（有时有蔬菜、 海味等）.
risque
/ 5ri:skeI; ?@ rI5skeI; rIs`ke/ adj (of a story, remark, item of clothing, etc) slightly indecent （指故事、 言语、 衣著等）颇为下流的, 有伤风化的.
rissole
/ 5rIsEUl; `rIsol/ n small flat cake or ball of minced meat or fish mixed with potato or breadcrumbs and fried （用肉末或鱼末混以马铃薯或面包屑煎炸而成的）炸肉饼, 炸丸子.
rite
/ raIt; raIt/ n [C] religious or some other solemn ceremony （宗教等的）隆重的仪式或典礼: marriage/funeral rites 结婚[丧葬]仪式 * initiation rites, eg those performed when a new member joins a secret society 入会仪式（如秘密社团为新会员举行的）.
ritzy
/ 5rItsI; `rItsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (dated infml 旧, 口) luxurious; elegant 豪华的; 优美的; 文雅的.
rival
/ 5raIvl; `raIvl/ n ~ (for/in sth) person or thing competing with another 竞争或相比的人或事物: `business rivals 商业上的竞争对手 * rivals in love 情敌 * a new rival for the title of champion 争夺冠军的新对手 * [attrib 作定语] a rival firm 竞争的商行 * a violinist without rival, ie better than any other 无与伦比的小提琴家 * She has no rival (ie no one is as good as she is) in the field of romantic fiction. 她写的浪漫小说谁也比不了.
rival 
v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for/in sth) seem or be as good as sb/sth; be comparable to sb/sth 堪与某人[某事物]竞争; 比得上某人[某事物]: a view rivalling anything the Alps can offer 可以与阿尔卑斯山的任何景物相媲美的景色 * Cricket cannot rival football for/in excitement. 板球不如足球有刺激性.
rivalry 
/ 5raIvlrI; `raIvlrI/ n [C, U] (instance of) being rivals; competition 竞争; 竞赛; 对抗; 较量: a country paralysed by political rivalries 由於政治对抗而陷於瘫痪的国家 * the usual rivalry between brother and sister 兄妹之间常见的钩心斗角.
riven
/ 5rIvn; `rIvEn/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) split; torn violently 分裂; 撕裂: a family riven by ancient feuds 由於世代结仇而分裂的家族.
river
/ 5rIvE(r); `rIvL/ n [C]  1 large natural stream ofwater flowing in a channel 河; 江; 水道: the River Thames泰晤士河 * the Mississippi River 密西西比河 * [attrib 作定语] the river mouth 河口 * river traffic 内河航运. Cf 参看 canal 1.  2 any large flow of similar form 巨流: a river of lava 熔岩流 * (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) rivers of blood, ie great bloodshed in war, etc 血流成河.  3 (idm 习语) sell sb down the river => sell.
river-bed 
n ground over which a river usu flows 河床: It's so long since it rained that the river-bed is dry. 很久没有下雨了, 河床都已乾涸.
riverside 
n ground along the bank of a river 河边; 河畔: go for a walk along the riverside 沿著河边散步 * [attrib 作定语] a riverside pub 江滨酒店.
rivet
/ 5rIvIt; `rIvIt/ n metal pin or bolt for fastening twopieces of metal together, its headless end being hammered or pressed flat to prevent slipping 铆钉.
rivet 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten (sth) with a rivet or rivets 铆, 铆接（某物）: riveted together/down/in place 铆接在一起[铆紧/铆好].  2 [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sth) immobile; fix 将（某物）固定住: We stood riveted (to the spot). 我们寸步不移地（在那地方）站著.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] attract and strongly hold the attention of (sb) 吸引（某人）; 吸 引住（某人）的注意力: I was absolutely riveted by her story. 她的故事完全把我吸引住了. 
riveter 
n. 
riveting
adj (approv 褒) that holds the attention; enthralling 吸引人的; 饶有兴味的: an absolutely riveting performance 极为精彩的演出.
Riviera
/ 9rIvI5eErE; 9rIvI`ZrE/ n [sing]  1 the Riviera region along the Mediterranean coast of SE France, Monaco and NW Italy, famous for its climate and beauty and containing many holiday resorts 里维埃拉（位於法国东南部、 摩纳哥及意大利西北部的地中海沿岸地区, 以景色优美气候宜人驰名, 有许多度假胜地）.  2 region thought to resemble this 像里维埃拉那样的海滨度假胜地: the Cornish Riviera 康沃尔海滨度假胜地.
rivulet
/ 5rIvjUlIt; `rIvjElIt/ n small stream 小溪; 细流: rivulets running down the mountainside 从山上流下来的小溪 * rivulets of sweat on his forehead 他前额上淌著的汗水.
riyal
/ ri:5B:l; ri`Bl/ n  1 unit of money in Dubai and Qatar 里亚尔（迪拜酋长国和卡塔尔国的货币单位）.  2 (also rial) unit of money in Saudi Arabia and the Yemen Arab Republic 里亚尔（沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯也门共和国的货币单位）.
rly
abbr 缩写 = (eg on a map 如地图上的标示) railway.
RM
/ 9B:r 5em; 9Br `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Marines 皇家海军陆战队: Capt Tom Pullen RM 皇家海军陆战队上尉汤姆·普伦.
rm
abbr 缩写 = room: rm 603, eg in a hotel 603号房间（如旅馆中的）.
RN
/ 9B:r 5en; 9Br `Zn/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (US) registered nurse 注册护士.  2 (Brit) Royal Navy 皇家海军: Capt L J Grant RN 皇家海军上校LJ格兰特.
RNA
/ 9B:r en 5eI; 9Br Zn `e/ abbr 缩写 = (chemistry 化) ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸.
RNIB
/ 9B:r en aI 5bi:; 9Br Zn aI `bi/ abbr 缩写 =  (Brit) Royal National Institute for the Blind 皇家全国盲人协会.
RNLI
/ 9B:r en el 5aI; 9Br Zn Zl `aI/ abbr 缩写 =  (Brit) Royal National Lifeboat Institution 皇家全国救生艇协会.
roach
/ rEUtF; rotF/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish of the carp family 拟鲤（一种鲤科淡水小鱼）.
roach
/ rEUtF; rotF/ n (pl ~es) (esp US)  1 (infml 口) = cock-roach.  2 (sl 俚) stub of a marijuana cigarette 大麻卷烟的烟蒂.
road
/ rEUd; rod/ n  1 (a) way between places, esp one with a prepared surface for the use of motor vehicles 路; 道路; 公路: the road to Bristol/the Bristol road 通往布里斯托尔的公路[布里斯托尔公路] * main/major/minor roads 公路干线[大路/支路] * a quiet suburban road 清静的郊区道路 * [attrib 作定语] `road junctions 道路交叉处 * `road signs 道路标志牌. (b) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) of or concerning such a way or ways 道路或公路的; 与道路或公路有关的: a `road-map of Scotland 苏格兰公路交通图 * be considerate to other `road-users 礼让行车.  2 Road (abbr 缩写 Rd) (in names of roads, esp in towns 用於道路的名称, 尤用於城镇): 35 York Rd, London SW16 伦敦SW16约克路35号. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) stretch of water near the shore where ships may be anchored （供船只停泊的）近岸水域, 近岸锚地: the Southampton Roads 南安普敦港外锚地.  4 (idm 习语) all roads lead to `Rome (saying 谚) any of the methods, means, etc being considered will bring about the same result in the end 条条道路通罗马; 殊途同归. by `road in or on a road vehicle （乘车）在公路上, 由公路: It's a long way by road  the train is more direct. 走公路很远--乘火车近. * It's cheaper to ship goods by road than by rail. 公路运输比铁路运输便宜. the end of the line/road => end1. hit the road => hit1. one for the road (infml 口) final drink before leaving for home, on a journey, etc 离别酒; 饯别酒. on the `road travelling, esp as a salesman, performer or tramp 在旅途中（尤指推销员、 表演者或流浪者）: The band has been on the road for almost a month. 那乐队进行巡回演出近一个月了. the road to sth way towards achieving sth, reaching a goal, etc 实现某事、 达到某目标等的途径: the road to success/ruin 成功[毁灭]之途. the road to hell is paved with good intentions (saying 谚) people may be blamed or punished as a result of not putting into practice their original good motives 通往地狱的道路是由良好的意图铺成的（只有良好动机而不付诸实践, 徒遭埋怨或惩罚）. rule of the road => rule. take to the `road (fml 文) become a tramp 成为流浪者.
roadie 
n (infml 口) person who works with a pop group, etc on tour, esp moving and setting up equipment 巡回演出的流行音乐乐队等的工作人员（尤指搬道具和布置场地者）.
road-block 
n barricade across a road, set up by the police or army to stop traffic for search 路障（军警设置的）.
road-hog 
n (infml 口) reckless or inconsiderate driver 鲁莽而不顾他人的司机.
road-house 
n pub, restaurant, etc on a main road in the country （郊外主要公路上的）路边酒店、 饮食店等.
road-metal (also metal) 
n [U] broken stone used for the making and repairing of roads 筑路和修路用的碎石; 道砟.
roadrunner 
n type of cuckoo of Mexico and southern US 走鹃（一种杜鹃鸟, 产於墨西哥及美国南部）.
road safety 
safety from traffic accidents 公路交通安全: a campaign for road safety, ie to encourage the prevention of road accidents 公路交通安全运动.
road sense 
ability to behave safely on roads, esp while driving 避免发生路面事故的能力; （尤指）安全行车的能力.
road show 
play, musical, etc performed by a company on tour 巡回演出的戏剧、 歌舞喜剧等.
roadside 
n edge/border of a road 路边; 路旁: parked by/at the roadside 停靠在路边的 * [attrib 作定语] a ,roadside `cafe 路边小餐馆.
road tax 
tax paid by the owner of a motor vehicle to allow him to drive it on public roads 公路税（机动车车主缴纳的）. `road tax disc (also `road fund licence) (Brit) certificate of payment of road tax, displayed on the vehicle 公路税付讫证（标示於车辆上）.
road test 
test of a vehicle (esp a new model) by using it on a road 车辆（尤指新型号车）的道路试验: The new sports model achieved 100 miles an hour in road tests. 这种新型号赛车於道路测试中时速达100英里. `road-test v [Tn] test (a vehicle) in this way 对（车辆）进行道路测试.
the roadway 
n part of the road used by vehicles, contrasted with the footpath, pavement, etc 车行道.
road-works 
n [pl] work involving the construction or repair of roads 道路施工: We were delayed by road-works for two hours. 我们因道路施工耽搁了两个小时.
roadworthy 
adj (of a vehicle) fit to be driven on a public road （指车辆）适於在公路上行驶的. 
roadworthiness 
n [U].
road
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In a town, street is the most general word for a road lined with buildings 在城镇, street是指道路时用得最广的词, 其两侧有建筑物: a street-map of London 伦敦街道图. In British English street is not used for roads outside towns but streets in towns may have the word Road in their names 在英式英语中, street不用以指城镇外的道路, 而 Road一词却可用於城镇街道的名称中: Edgware Road 埃奇韦尔路. An alley or lane is a narrow street between buildings. *alley和lane均指小街或小巷. An avenueis usually a wide street of houses, often in the suburbs and lined with trees. *avenue通常指两旁有房子的宽阔街道, 常指郊区的林荫道. (In US cities avenues often run at right angles to streets. 在美国城市中, avenue与street的走向常有纵横之分.) Roads (US highways) connect towns and villages *road（美国用highway）指连接城乡的公路: a road-map of Ireland爱尔兰公路交通图. Motorways (US freeways/expressways) are built for long-distance traffic toavoid towns. *motorway（美国用freeway/expressway）指避开城镇的长距离高速公路. A lane is a narrow country road which winds between fields, connecting villages. *lane亦指郊外的狭窄小路, 蜿蜒穿过田间, 连接各个村落. Highway is seldom used in British English except in certain official phrases *highway一 词在英式英语中很少使用, 除非用於某些官方用语中: the Highway Code 公路法规. Road, Street, Lane and Avenue are the most common words used in street names and are often abbreviated in addresses to Rd, St, La, Ave. *Road、 Street、 Lane、 Avenue是用於街道名称中最常用的词, 书写地址时常缩写为Rd、 St、 La、 Ave.
roam
/ rEUm; rom/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] walk or travel without any definite aim or destination 漫无目的地走动; 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛: roam through the deserted village 漫步於空寂无人的村庄 * just roaming around 只是随便走走 * He used to roam the streets for hours on end. 他过去常逛大街, 一逛就是几个小时.  2 (phr v) roam over sth talk about various things, or various aspects of sth 漫谈某事: The speaker roamed freely over the events of the past week. 那个人东拉西扯地谈了一些上周的事.
roam 
n [sing] walk, etc of this kind 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛.
roamer 
n person or animal who does this 漫步行走的人或动物: He's a bit of a roamer, ie he tends not to stay in one place for very long. 他在哪儿都呆不长.
roan
/ rEUn; ron/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (animal, esp a horse or cow) with a coat of mixed colour, esp brown with white or grey hairs in it 杂色毛皮的（尤指棕色中混杂白色或灰色毛的）; 杂色毛动物; （尤指）杂色马或牛: a roan mare 杂色母马.
roar
/ rR:(r); rRr/ n long loud deep sound (like that) made by a lion （狮子的）吼叫声; 似狮子的吼叫声: the roar of traffic 车辆的隆隆声 * a roar of applause, anger, etc 雷鸣般的掌声、 怒吼声等 * roars of laughter 哈哈大笑声.
roar 
v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] make such long loud deep sounds 吼叫; 咆哮: tigers roaring in their cages 在笼中吼叫的老虎 * roar with laughter, pain, rage, etc 放声大笑、 痛得大叫、 怒吼 * He just roared (ie laughed loudly) when he heard that joke! 他听了那笑话就哈哈地笑起来. * a roaring (ie large, bright and noisy) fire 熊熊烈火. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) express sth in this way 大声表达某事物: The crowd roared its approval. 群众高呼赞成. * roar out an order 高声发出命令.  2 (idm 习语) roar oneself `hoarse, etc make oneself hoarse, etc by roaring 喊得嗓子发哑等.  3 (phr v) roar along, down, past, etc move in the specified direction making a loud, deep sound 发出洪亮、 深沉的声音而行、 而去、 而过等: Cars roared past (us). 汽车隆隆地驶过（我们身边）. roar/shout sb down silence a speaker by shouting loudly so that he cannot be heard 大声喊叫以压倒某人的讲话声（使其讲不下去）.
roaring 
/ 5rR:rIN; `rRrIN/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 noisy; rough or stormy 吼叫的; 喧闹的; 狂暴的; 狂风暴雨的: roaring thunder 震耳的雷声 * a roaring night 狂风暴雨之夜.  2 (idm 习语) do a roaring `trade (in sth) sell (sth) very quickly; do excellent business (in sth) 畅销; 生意兴隆. the roaring `forties part of the Atlantic Ocean, often very stormy, between latitudes of 40 and 50 S （大西洋的）风暴带（在南纬40和50之间）. a roaring suc`cess a very great success 巨大的成功; 辉煌的胜利.  adv extremely and noisily 极度且喧闹地: roaring mad, ie very angry 大发雷霆 * roaring drunk 大耍酒疯.
roast
/ rEUst; rost/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cook (meat, etc) in an oven, or over or in front of a fire 烤（肉等）: roast a joint of meat, a chicken, some potatoes 烤一大块肉、 鸡、 一些土豆. (b) [I, Ipr] be cooked in this way 烤; 烘; 焙: the delicious smell of meat roasting in its own juices 原汁烤肉的香味. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook.  2 [Tn] dry (sth) and turn it brown using intense heat 烘乾或烤（某物）: roast coffee beans, peanuts, chestnuts 烘焙咖啡豆、 花生、 栗子.  3 [I, Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to the heat of a fire, the sun, etc 烤火; 晒太阳: We're going to lie in the sun and roast for two weeks. 我们打算躺著晒太阳, 晒上两个星期. * roast one's toes in front of the fire 在火前烤脚趾.  4 [Tn] (US infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) harshly, esp in jest; ridicule 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）（尤指以取笑方式）; 嘲讽: The critics roasted her new play. 评论家狠狠挖苦她 的新剧.
roast 
adj [attrib 作定语] cooked in an oven, etc 烘烤的; 烤制的: roast beef 烤牛肉.  n  1 [C] joint of meat that has been roasted or is meant for roasting 烤过的或适於烤食的大块肉: order a roast from the butcher 向肉商订购一块烤著吃的大块肉.  2 [C] (esp US) outdoor picnic or barbecue at which food is roasted 户外烧烤野餐.  3 [C, U] (US infml 口) (occasion of) harsh criticism or ridicule, esp in jest 严厉的批评; 嘲讽; （尤指）挖苦.
roaster 
n type of chicken, etc suitable for roasting 适於烤食的鸡等. Cf 参看 broiler (broil).
roasting 
adj (infml 口) very hot 极热的; 火烫的: It's roasting today! ie The weather is very hot. 今天热极了!  n (idm 习语) give sb/get a (good, real, etc) `roasting scold sb/be scolded severely 严厉批评某人[受到严厉批评].
rob
/ rCb; rBb/ v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth)1 take property from (a person or place) illegally 抢夺; 抢劫; 盗窃: I was robbed (of my cash and cheque-book). 我（的现金和支票簿）被抢了. * accused of robbing a bank (of one million pounds) 被控抢劫银行（一百万镑）. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 deprive sb/sth (of what is expected or normal) 剥夺某人[某事物]（想要的或应有的事物）: Those cats robbed me of my sleep. 那些猫吵得我无法入睡. * (fig 比喻) The fact that he had lied before robbed his words of any credibility. 由於他过去说过谎话, 他的话已经没有人相信了.  3 (idm 习语) ,rob ,Peter to ,pay `Paul pay one debt, etc with money borrowed from somewhere else, thus creating another debt 借新债还旧债; 拆东墙补西墙.
robber 
n person who robs; thief 抢劫者; 强盗; 盗贼.
robbery 
/ 5rCbErI; `rBbErI/ n [C, U]  1 (instance of) stealing; theft 抢劫; 盗窃; 偷盗; 失窃: three robberies in one week 一周内的三起劫案 * Armed robbery is on the increase everywhere. 持械劫案各地均有增无已.  2 (idm 习语) daylight robbery => daylight.
rob
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare rob, steal and burgle. 试比较 rob、 steal、 burgle 这三个词. A robber or thief robs a place, eg a bank, or a person (of things, especially money) and he steals things (from a place or person). 劫匪或强盗rob的对象是｀某处所（如银行）或某人＇; 他们劫的｀物（尤指钱）＇要用｀of +物＇来表达. 他们steal的对象是｀物＇; 受损失的｀处所或人＇要用｀from +处所或人＇来表达. A burglar burgles a house by forcing a way into it and stealing from it. 窃贼burgle的对象是｀房子＇, 指以破门、 撬锁等手段强行入户行窃.
robe
/ rEUb; rob/ n  1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) long loose outer garment 长袍: a beach-robe 海滩罩袍 * Many Arabs wear long flowing robes. 许多阿拉伯人身穿松垂的长袍.  2 (esp pl 尤作复数) such a garment worn as a sign of rank or office, or for a ceremony （作为级别或职位标志的）袍服, 礼袍: coro`nation robes,ie of a king or queen 加冕礼袍（国王或女王穿的） * cardinals in scarlet robes 身穿红袍的红衣主教.  3 (US also `bathrobe) dressing-gown 晨衣.
robe 
v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (fml 文) dress sb/oneself in a robe, etc 给某人[自己]穿上长袍、 袍服、 晨衣等: black-robed judges 穿黑袍的法官 * robed in a ceremonial gown 穿礼袍的.
robin
/ 5rCbIn; `rBbIn/ n  1 (also ,robin `redbreast) small brown red-breasted bird 鸲, 欧洲鸲（褐色小鸟, 胸部红色）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.  2 (US) type of N American thrush resembling this （北美的）知更鸟（似欧洲鸲）.
Heath Robinson
/ 9hi:W 5rCbInsEn; 9hiW `rBbInsEn/ (of equipment) absurdly complicated and unlikely to work （指设备）结构复杂古怪而未必中用的: [attrib 作定语] a Heath Robinson contraption 稀奇古怪而不实用的玩意儿.
robot
/ 5rEUbCt; `robBt/ n [C]  1 (also automaton) machine that (resembles and) can perform the actionsof a person, operated automatically or by remote control机器人: Many production-line tasks in car factories are now performed by robots. 在汽车制造厂里, 生产线上的许多工作现在是由机器人来完成的.  2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who seems to behave like a machine 行动像机器般的人. Cf 参看 automaton 2.  3 (in Southern Africa) an automatic traffic-light （非洲南部）自动交通信号灯.
robotic 
/ rEU5bCtIk; ro`bBtIk/ adj like a robot; stiff and mechanical 像机器人的; 呆板而机械的: robotic movements 呆板而机械的动作. robotics n [sing v] (study of the) use of robots in manufacturing 机器人的应用; 机器人学.
robust
/ rEU5bQst; ro`bQst/ adj  1 vigorous; healthy and strong 有活力的; 强健的: a robust young man 身强力壮的青年男子 * a robust appetite 旺盛的食欲.  2 (derog 贬) not delicate or refined 粗野的; 粗鲁的: a rather robust sense of humour 颇为粗俗的幽默感.  3 (of wine) full-bodied （指酒）浓烈的, 醇厚的. 
robustly 
adv. 
robustness 
n [U].
rock
/ rCk; rBk/ n  1 (a) [U] (usu solid) part of the earth's crust 岩层; 岩: They drilled through several layers of rock to reach the oil. 他们钻透了几层岩石以寻找石油. * The volcano poured out molten rock. 火山喷出了熔岩. (b) [C] mass of this standing out from the earth's surface or from the sea 岩石; 礁石: The ship hit some rocks and sank. 那船触到了一些暗礁沉没了. * the Rock of Gibraltar 直布罗陀山.  2 [C] (a) large detached stone or boulder 大石块; 大圆石: The sign said, `Danger: falling rocks'. 告示牌上写著: ｀危险, 前面有滚石＇. (b) (US) small stone or pebble 小石子; 卵石: That boy threw a rock at me. 那男孩朝我扔了一块石子.  3 [U] (Brit) type of hard sugar sweet, usu made in cylindrical sticks and flavoured with peppermint 硬棒糖（通常含薄荷味）: a stick of rock 一条硬棒糖.  4 (idm 习语) (as) firm/solid as a `rock immovable; dependable 稳固如磐石的; 可靠的. on the `rocks (a) (of a ship) wrecked on rocks （指船）触礁. (b) (infml 口) (of a marriage, business, etc) in danger of failing; in a severe crisis （指婚姻等）濒於破裂; （指生意等）濒於破产. (c) (infml 口) (of drinks) served with ice cubes but no water （指饮料）加冰块而不加水的: Scotch (ie whisky) on the rocks 加冰块的威士忌酒.
rockery 
/ 5rCkErI; `rBkErI/ (also rock-garden) n artificial or natural mound or bank containing large stones, planted with rock-plants （天然的）岩石庭园; 假山庭园. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.
rocky 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of or like rock （似）岩石的: a rocky outcrop 露出地面的岩石.  2 full of rocks 多岩石的: rocky soil 多石的土壤. 
rockiness 
n [U].
rock-bottom 
n [sing] (used without a/the 不用a/the) lowest point 最低点: Prices have reached rock-bottom. 物价已下降到最低点. * [attrib 作定语] ,rock-bottom (ie bargain) `prices 最低的价格.
rock-cake 
n small cake or bun with a hard rough surface 一种表皮粗硬的小糕饼或小圆面包.
rock-climbing 
n [U] sport of climbing rock surfaces 攀岩运动.
rock-crystal 
n [U] pure natural transparent quartz 水晶.
rock-garden 
n = rockery.
rock-plant 
n any of various types of plant found growing on or among rocks 岩生植物.
rock salmon 
(Brit) (piece of) dogfish sold as food （作为食物出售的）角鲨, 角鲨鱼片.
rock-salt 
n [U] common salt as mined in crystal form 岩盐; 石盐.
rock-steady 
adj unlikely to fall over, be changed, etc 稳固的; 不动摇的; 不改变的: a ,rock-steady `chair, `friendship 结实的椅子、 牢不可破的友谊 * Prices in the shares market are rock-steady. 股票市场的价格非常平稳.
rock
/ rCk; rBk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) move gently (backwards and forwards, or from side to side) （使某人[某物]）（前後或左右）轻轻摆动, 摇动, 摇晃: He sat rocking (himself) in his chair. 他坐在椅子上前後摇动著. * rock a baby to sleep 摇晃婴儿使其入睡 * Our boat was rocked (from side to side) by/on the waves. 我们的船被波浪冲得[在波浪中]（左右）摇摇晃晃.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) shake violently （使某物）剧烈震动或摇摆: The whole house rocked (to and fro) when the bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸时整座房子都震得（前後）直晃. * The town was rocked by an earthquake. 该城遭地震而发生剧烈震动.  3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) disturb or shock (sb/sth) greatly 使（某人[某事物]）极为不安或震惊: The scandal rocked the government.这件丑闻把政府搅得十分狼狈.  4 (idm 习语) rock the `boat (infml 口) do sth that upsets the balance of a situation, etc 做某事从而使局面等失去平衡: Things are progressing well  don't (do anything to) rock the boat. 事情进行得很顺利--（千万）不要无风生浪.
rocker 
n  1 either of the curved pieces of wood on which a rocking-chair, etc rests （摇椅等下面的）弧形摇板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.  2 = rocking-chair.  3 (also `rocker switch) switch that changes from `on' to `off' by means of a rocking action 摇臂式开关; 摇压开关.  4 Rocker (Brit) member of a 1960's teenage gang or their later followers, wearing leather jackets and riding motor bikes 洛可帮（20世纪60年代的青少年帮派, 好穿皮夹克和骑摩托车）的成员或其追随者. Cf 参看 mod.  5 (idm 习语) off one's `rocker (sl 俚) out of one's mind; crazy 精神失常; 发疯: You must be off your rocker! 你简直疯了!
rocky 
/ 5rCkI; `rBkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) shaky; unsteady 摇摆的; 摇晃的; 不稳的: This chair is a trifle rocky. 这把椅子有点摇晃. * (��Ifig 比喻) Their marriage seems a bit rocky. 他们的婚姻好像有些问题. 
rockiness 
n [U].
rocking-chair (also rocker) 
n chair mounted on rockers or with springs so that it can be rocked by the sitter 摇椅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.
rocking-horse 
n wooden horse mounted on rockers or springs so that it can be rocked by a child sitting on it （儿童游戏用的）木马.
rock
/ rCk; rBk/ n [U] (also `rock music) type of modern popular music with a strong beat, played on electric guitars, etc 摇滚乐: [attrib 作定语] a `rock star 摇滚乐歌星.
rock 
v [I, Ipr] dance to this music 跳摇滚舞.
rock and roll (also ,rock 'n' `roll) 
earlier (and usu simpler) form of this （初期的, 通常较简单的）摇滚乐: [attrib 作定语] Jerry Lee Lewis was a rock 'n' roll singer. 杰里·李·刘易斯是初期摇滚乐歌手.  v [I] dance to rock and roll music 跳初期的摇滚舞.
rocket
/ 5rCkIt; `rBkIt/ n  1 firework or similar device that shoots into the air when lit and then explodes 火箭式烟火或类似装置: a di`stress rocket, ie used to signal for help 呼救信号火箭.  2 (a) cylindrical device that flies by expelling gases produced by combustion, used to propel a warhead or spacecraft 火箭（发射器）. (b) bomb or shell together with the rocket propelling it 火箭（弹）: [attrib 作定语] a `rocket attack 火箭攻击. =>illus 见插图.  3 (idm 习语) give sb/get a `rocket (Brit infml 口) reprimand sb/be reprimanded severely 严厉斥责某人[受到严厉斥责].
rocket 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) increase very rapidly 迅速增加: Unemployment levels have rocketed (to new heights). 失业率猛然上升（到新的水平）. * House prices are rocketing (up). 房价在飞涨.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move extremely quickly 飞快地移动: He rocketed to stardom (ie became famous) overnight. 他转瞬间成了明星. * rocket along, away, off, past, etc 飞快地行进、 离开、 离去、 越过等.
rocketry 
/ 5rCkItrI; `rBkItrI/ n [U] (science or practiceof) using rockets for propelling missiles or spacecraft 火箭学; 火箭技术.
rocky
=> rock1, rock2.
rococo
/ rE5kEUkEU; rE`koko/ adj of a style of decorationin furniture, architecture, music, etc with much elaboratedecoration, common in Europe in the 18th century 洛可可式的（ 18 世纪盛行於欧洲的家具、 建筑、 音乐等精致的装饰艺术风格）.
rod
/ rCd; rBd/ n  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thin straight piece of wood or metal （木质或金属的）杆, 竿, 棍, 棒: `curtain-rods 挂帘子的杆子 * a `measuring rod 测杆 * `piston-rods 活塞杆.  2 stick used for hitting people as a punishment; cane(3a) （责打用的）棍棒.  3 = fishing-rod (fish2).  4 (US sl 俚) hand gun 手枪.  5 = perch1 3.  6 (idm 习语) make a rod for one's own `back do sth likely to cause oneself difficulties later 自讨苦吃; 自找麻烦. a rod/stick to beat sb with => beat1. rule with a rod of iron => rule v. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2.
rode
pt of ride2.
rodent
/ 5rEUdnt; `rodnt/ n type of small animal that gnaws things with its strong front teeth, eg a rat, squirrel or beaver 啮齿目动物（如鼠、 松鼠或海狸）.
rodeo
/ rEU5deIEU; ?@ 5rEUdIEU; `rodI9o/ n (pl ~s) 1 rounding up of cattle on a ranch, for branding, etc（在牧场中）驱集牛群（为打烙印等）.  2 exhibition or contest of cowboys' skill in lassoing and riding cattle, untamed horses, etc 牛仔竞技表演或比赛（表演掷套索、 骑牛、 驯马等）.
rodomontade
/ 9rCdEmCn5teId, -5tB:d; 9rBdEmBn`ted,-`tBd/ n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬 ) boastful bragging talk 狂言; 大话; 吹嘘; 吹牛.
roe
/ rEU; ro/ n [U, C] (mass of) eggs in a female fish's ovary (hard roe) or a male fish's milt (soft roe) 雌鱼的卵块（硬鱼子）; 雄鱼的精块或精液（软鱼子）.
roe
/ rEU; ro/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 roes) (also `roe deer) type of small deer 欧洲和亚洲的产的一种鹿（鹿的一种, 体小）.
roebuck 
n male roe 雄鹿.
roentgen (also rontgen) 
/ 5rCntjEn; ?@ 5rentgEn;`rZnt^En/ n unit of ionizing radiation (eg in X-rays) 伦琴（电离辐射单位, 如X射线的）.
rogations
/ rEU5geIFnz; ro`^eFEnz/ n [pl] special litany sung on the three days (Ro`gation Days) before Ascension Day （耶稣升天节前三天即祈祷日所唱的）祈祷文.
Rogation Sunday 
the Sunday before Ascension Day 耶稣升天节之前的星期日.
roger
/ 5rCdVE(r); `rBdVL/ interj  1 (in radio communications) your message has been received and understood （无线电通讯用语）信息收到, 明白.  2 (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) okay 好的; 可以; 行; 对.
roger
/ 5rCdVE(r); `rBdVL/ v [Tn] (<!> Brit sl euph 讳, 俚, 婉) (of a male) have sexual intercourse with (sb) （指男子）与（某人）性交.
rogue
/ rEUg; ro^/ n  1 (dated 旧) dishonest or unprincipled man 不诚实或不道德的男子; 无耻之徒.  2 (joc esp approv 谑, 尤作褒义 ) mischievous person 调皮捣蛋的人: He's a charming rogue. 他是淘气鬼.  3 wild animal driven or living apart from the herd 离群的野兽: [attrib 作定语] a ,rogue `elephant 离群的野象.
roguery 
/ 5rEUgErI; `ro^ErI/ n [C, U] (instance of) dishonest, unprincipled or mischievous behaviour 不诚实的、 不道德的或调皮捣蛋的行为.
roguish 
/ 5rEUgIF; `ro^IF/ adj mischievous in a playful way 调皮的; 淘气的; 恶作剧的: He gave her a roguish look. 他调皮地看了她一眼. 
roguishly 
adv. 
roguishness 
n [U].
rogues' gallery 
police collection of photographs of criminals, used for identifying suspects, etc （警方存档的）罪犯照片集.
roistering
/ 5rRIstErIN; `rRIstErIN/ adj [attrib 作定语], n [U] (dated 旧) noisy merrymaking 喧闹作乐（的）. 
roisterer 
/ 5rRIstErE(r); `rRIstErL/ n.
role (also role) 
/ rEUl; rol/ n  1 actor's part in a play 角色: play a variety of roles 扮演各种的角色 * the title-role 主角.  2 function or importance of sb/sth 作用; 重要性: the key role of the teacher in the learning process 教师在教学中的关键作用 * the declining role of the railways in the transport system 在运输系统中, 铁路的重要性逐渐下降.
role-play 
n [U, C] activity (esp in language teaching or treating mentally ill people) in which a person acts a part 角色扮演; （尤指语言教学或治疗精神病患者的）角色演习.  v [I, Tn]: to role-play a situation 演习处理某情况.
roll
/ rEUl; rol/ n  1 (a) cylinder made by turning flexible material over and over on itself without folding it 卷状物: Wallpaper is bought in rolls. 壁纸是成卷买的. * a roll of carpet, film, cloth 一卷地毯、 胶 卷、 布. (b) person or thing with this shape 带有卷状物的人或物: a man with rolls of fat around his stomach 腹部有层层肥肉的男子.  2 (a) small individual portion of bread baked in a rounded shape 小圆面包: Six brown rolls, please. 请给我来六个黑面包. =>illus at bread 见bread插图. Cf 参看 bun 1. (b) (with a preceding n or ns 用於名词之後) one of these containing the stated filling 有某种馅的小圆面包: a ham roll 火腿面包 * a bacon and tomato roll 腌猪肉加西红柿馅的面包.  3 swaying movement; action of turning (over) from side to side 摇摆; 摇晃; （左右）翻滚: The slow, steady roll of the ship made us feel sick.船老是晃晃悠悠的, 弄得我们很恶心. * walk with a nautical roll, ie like a sailor 走路摇摇晃晃（像海员似的） * a horse enjoying a roll in the grass 在草地上尽情打滚的马. Cf 参看 pitch3 6.  4 official list or register, esp of names 正式的表册; 登记表; （尤指）名单, 花名册: the electoral roll, ie the list of people eligible to vote in an election 选举人名单 * call/read the roll in school, class, etc, ie read aloud a list of names to check whether everyone is present 在学校、 班...里点名.  5 long steady vibrating sound 持续而平稳的振动声: A `drum roll preceded the most dangerous part of the performance. 演出快进行到最惊险的部分时响起了咚咚的鼓声. * the distant roll of thunder 远处传来的隆隆雷声.  6 (US infml 口) (Brit `bankroll) wad of paper money 一卷或一叠钞票.
roll-bar 
n bar used to strengthen the roof of a car and protect the occupants if the car rolls over 翻车保护杠（汽车顶部的加固杠, 翻车时可保护乘车人）.
roll-call 
n (time of) reading aloud of a list of names to check whether everyone is present 点名（时间）: Roll-call will be at 7 am. 上午7时点名.
roll of honour 
list of people whose achievements are honoured, esp those who have died in battle 荣誉名册; （尤指）阵亡将士名册.
roll-top desk 
desk with a flexible cover that rolls up into a compartment at the top 卷盖式书桌（顶盖可卷起）.
roll
/ rEUl; rol/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move on wheels or rollers or by turning (over and over) （使某物）滚动: The ball rolled down the hill. 球滚下了山. * The hoop rolled along the pavement. 圆环沿人行道滚动. * The coin fell and rolled away. 硬币掉下滚走了. * men rolling barrels across a yard 滚著圆桶经过院子的人 * Roll it over and look at the other side. 把它翻滚过来看看另一面.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) turn on an axis, over and over or round and round （使某物）转动, 旋转, 转圈: a porpoise rolling in the water 在水中翻滚的鼠海豚 * His eyes rolled strangely/He rolled his eyes strangely. 他那双眼睛滴溜溜地转动, 甚是古怪[他滴溜溜转动著眼睛, 甚是古怪]. * rolling a pencil between his fingers 把铅笔夹在他的指头上捻.  3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ (sth) (up) make (sth) or be made into the shape of a ball or cylinder; fold (sth) over on itself （将某物）卷或绕成球形或圆柱形; 卷起（某物）: The hedgehog rolled up into a spiky ball. 刺　卷起身子成了一个刺球. * I always roll my own (cigarettes). 我总是抽自己卷的（烟）. * roll string, wool, etc (up) into a ball 把细绳、 毛线等绕成线团 * roll up a carpet, a map, a towel 把地毯、 地图、 毛巾卷起来 * He rolled himself a cigarette. 他自己卷了一枝烟. Cf 参看 unroll.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] wrap or cover (sb/sth) in sth 将（某人[某物]）包或裹在某物内: He rolled himself (up) in his blanket. 他用毛毯裹住身体. * roll the sausages in batter 把香肠放在蛋奶面糊里滚一下.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] flatten (sth) with a roller(1) 用　衮子轧平（某物）; 将（某物）碾平: roll a lawn 把草坪碾平 * roll out the dough 　干面团 * roll the ground flat 把地碾平.  6 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) sway or rock (from side to side) （使某人[某物]）（左右）摇摆或摇晃: The ship was rolling heavily to and fro. 那船晃来晃去很不平稳. * walk with a rolling gait 走起路来摇摇晃晃 * The huge waves rolled the ship from side to side. 巨浪把船打得左右摇晃. Cf 参看pitch2 4. (b) [I, Ipr] sway or rock helplessly 不由自主地摇摆或摇晃: rolling with laughter 笑得前仰後合 * rolling drunk 醉得东倒西歪.  7 [I, Ipr, Ip] (appear to) rise and fall; undulate 起伏; 作起伏状; 波动: rolling hills 绵延起伏的丘陵地带 * waves rolling in to the beach 涌向海滩的滚滚浪涛.  8 [I] make a long continuous vibrating sound 发出持续颤动的声音: The thunder rolled. 雷声隆隆. * rolling drums 咚咚的鼓声.  9 [I, Tn] (infml 口) (cause film cameras to) begin working （使电影摄影机或电视摄像机）开拍, 开机: Let them roll!/Roll 'em! 开机!  10 [Tn] (US infml 口) rob (esp sb drunk or asleep) 抢劫（某人, 尤指抢喝醉的或睡觉的人）.  11 (idm 习语) be `rolling (in money/it/cash) (sl 俚) have lots (of money) 有许多（钱）: What do you mean, he can't afford it? He's absolutely rolling (in money)! 你这是怎麽说, 他负担不起? 他可有的是钱! heads will roll => head1. keep/start the ball rolling => ball1. rolled into `one combined in one person or thing 合为一体; 兼於一身: He's an artist, a scientist and a shrewd businessman (all) rolled into one. 他既是艺术家, 又是科学家, 同时还是个精明的生意人. ,rolling in the `aisles much amused; helpless with laughter 乐不可支; 捧腹大笑: The comedian soon had them rolling in the aisles. 那滑稽演员很快就逗得他们捧腹大笑. roll one's `r's pronounce the sound of the letter `r' with vibration of the tongue against the palate 发r的舌尖颤音. roll `up! roll `up! (used to invite passers-by to join an audience, etc 邀请过往行人进入观看等之用语). roll up one's `sleeves (fig 比喻) prepare to work or fight 卷起袖子（准备工作或战斗）.  12 (phr v) roll sth back (a) turn or force back (eg enemy forces) 赶回或击退（如敌军）. (b) (esp US) reduce (prices, etc) 降低（价格等）: roll back inflation 缓解通货膨胀. roll in (infml 口) (a) arrive in great numbers or quantities 滚滚而来; 大量涌来: Offers of help are still rolling in. 仍不断有人提出愿予以帮助. (b) arrive casually 不期然到达: She rolled in for work twenty minutes late. 她懒懒散散地来上班, 迟到了二十分钟. roll (sth) on (a) apply, spread, etc (sth) by rolling 用滚动方法敷、 涂...（某物）: This paint is easy to roll on/rolls on easily. 这种颜料用滚轴涂布很容易. (b) (of time) pass steadily （指时间）不断地流逝: The years rolled on. 岁月流逝. (c) (used in the imperative 用於祈使句) come soon 赶快来到: Roll on the holidays! 假期快来吧! roll up (infml 口) (of a person or vehicle) arrive （指人或车辆）到达: Bill finally rolled up two hours late. 比尔终於来了, 迟到了两个小时.
rolled gold 
thin coating of gold applied to the surface of another metal 金箔; 包金.
rolled oats 
oats that have had the husks removed and have been crushed 燕麦片.
rolling-mill 
n machine or factory in which metal is rolled into sheets, bars, etc 轧钢机; 轧钢厂.
rolling-pin 
n cylinder of wood, glass, etc used for rolling out dough, pastry, etc 杆面棍; 杆面杖. =>illus at kitchen 见 kitchen 插图.
rolling-stock 
n [U] railway engines, carriages, wagons, etc collectively 铁路各种车辆的总称.
rolling stone  
1 person who does not settle down to live and work in one place 无固定住处和工作的人. 2 (idm 习语) a ,rolling ,stone ,gathers no `moss (saying 谚) sb of this type is free of responsibilities, family ties, etc and has no wealth 滚石不生苔（喻人既无责任、 无家室等, 又无钱财）.
roll-on  
1 n cosmetic applied by means of a ball that rotates in the neck of the container 滚抹式化妆品（容器口有可转动涂布的圆球）: [attrib 作定语] roll-on deodorants 滚抹除臭剂.  2 (dated 旧) woman's elastic corset rolled on over the hips 女用弹力紧身内裤.
roll-on roll-off 
(abbr 缩写 roro) designed to allow vehicles to be driven onto and off it 供车辆驶进驶出的; 滚装: a roll-on roll-off ferry 驶进驶出式渡船.
roll-up 
n (infml 口) cigarette rolled by hand 手卷的纸烟: He always smokes roll-ups. 他总是抽手卷的纸烟.
roller
/ 5rEUlE(r); `rolL/ n [C]  1 (a) cylinder used for flattening or spreading things （碾轧或涂布用的）　衮子: a garden roller, ie for use on a lawn 园圃滚压机（碾草坪用） * a `road-roller, ie for levelling tarmac on roads, etc 压路机. (b) cylinder on which sth is placed to enable it to be moved 滚柱, 滚轴（物体置於其上便於移动）: The huge machine was moved to its new position on rollers.那台巨型机器用滚柱移到了新的地方. (c) cylinder on which sth is wound （缠绕东西的）滚筒, 滚轴: a `roller-blind, ie a type of window blind wound on a roller 卷式窗帘. (d) small cylinder of plastic around which hair is wound to make it curl 塑料发卷: put her hair in rollers （她）用发卷卷发.  2 long swelling wave 翻滚的巨浪: rollers crashing on the beach 冲击海滩的巨浪.
roller bandage 
long surgical bandage which is rolled up before being unrolled onto a limb, etc 绷带卷.
roller-coaster (Brit also switchback) 
n type of railway with open cars, tight turns and very steep slopes (found in funfairs, amusement parks, etc) 过山车, 云霄飞车（游乐场、 娱乐园等处的惊险游戏车）.
roller-skate (also skate) 
n type of shoe with small wheels fitted to the bottom, allowing the wearer to glide over hard surfaces 旱冰鞋; 　辘鞋: a pair of roller-skates 一双旱冰鞋. =>illus at skate 见skate插图.  v [I, Ipr, Ip] roll about smoothly wearing a pair of these 穿旱冰鞋滑行: She roller-skated across rather unsteadily. 她穿著旱冰鞋晃晃悠悠地滑了过去. 
roller-skating 
n [U].
roller towel 
continuous loop of towel hung over a roller 滚带毛巾（套在滚筒上连续使用的毛巾）.
rollicking
/ 5rClIkIN; `rBlIkIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) noisy and jolly 喧闹而欢乐的: have a rollicking time 尽情欢乐.
rollmop
/ 5rEUlmCp; `rol9mBp/ n (also ,rollmop `herring) herring fillet rolled up and pickled in vinegar 醋渍鲱鱼卷.
roly-poly
/ 9rEUlI5pEUlI; 9rolI`polI/ n [C, U]  1 (also roly-poly pudding) (Brit) pudding made from suet pastry spread with jam, rolled up and boiled （有果酱的）布丁卷.  2 (infml 口) short and plump person 矮胖的人: She's a real roly-poly. 她可真是又矮又胖.
ROM
/ rCm; rBm/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) read only memory 只读存储器: a ROM software component 只读存储器软件元件. Cf 参看 RAM 1.
Roman
/ 5rEUmEn; `romEn/ adj  1 (a) of ancient or modern Rome 古罗马的; 现代罗马的. (b) of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国的; 古罗马帝国的: ,Roman re`mains 古罗马的遗迹 * an old Roman road 古罗马的道路.  2 of the Christian Church of Rome; Roman Catholic 罗马基督教会的; 天主教的: the Roman rite, eg contrasted with Greek or Russian Orthodox 天主教仪式（如与希腊或俄国东正教之仪式相对）.  3 roman (of printing type) in ordinary upright form, like that used for this definition （指印刷字体）罗马字体的, 正体的: The words in the definition are roman/are set in roman type. 本定义中的英文字使用的是罗马字体. Cf 参看 italic.
Roman 
n  1 [C] member of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国或帝国的人; 古罗马人: after the Romans invaded Britain 在古罗马人入侵不列颠之後.  2 [C] native or inhabitant of the city of Rome 罗马市民.  3 [C] Roman Catholic 天主教教徒.  4 roman [U] plain upright type (not italic) like that used for the definitions in this dictionary 罗马字体,正体（如本词典英文定义使用的字体）: The above definition is set in roman; this example is in italics. 上面的定义用的是正体字排印的, 本例句用的是斜体.  5 (idm 习语) when in Rome, do as the Romans do (saying 谚) one should change one's habits to suit the customs of the place one is living in or of the people one is living with 入乡随俗.
the Roman alphabet 
the letters A to Z, used esp in West European languages 罗马字母（表）（尤用於西欧语言）. Cf 参看 Cyrillic.
Roman candle 
tubular firework that emits coloured sparks 罗马烟火筒（能喷发彩色火花）.
Roman Catholic (also Catholic) 
(member) of the Church that acknowledges the Pope as its head 天主教的; 天主教徒: He's (a) Roman Catholic. 他是天主教徒. Cf 参看 Protestant. ,Roman Catholicism the faith of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教: convert to Roman Catholicism 皈依天主教.
Roman nose 
nose with a high bridge 1(4a) 鹰钩鼻（高鼻梁）.
Roman numerals 
(system of) letters representing numbers 罗马数字（体系）（以字母记数） =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 arabic numerals (Arabic).
Romance
/ rEU5mnAs; ro`mAns/ adj [attrib 作定语] of those languages (the Romance languages) which are descended from Latin, eg French, Italian, Spanish 罗曼语的（由拉丁语演变而成的语言, 如法语、 意大利语、 西班牙语）. Cf 参看 Latin 2.
romance
/ rEU5mAns; ro`mAns/ n  1 [C, U] imaginative story; literature of this kind 富於想像力的故事; 浪漫故事; 浪漫作品; 传奇文学: (a) medieval romance 中世纪的传奇故事.  2 [U] romantic atmosphere or feeling 浪漫气氛; 传奇色彩: There was an air of romance about the old castle. 那座古堡颇有传奇色彩.  3 [C] love story; love affair resembling this 爱情故事; 风流韵事: She writes romances about rich men and beautiful women. 她写的是富翁美女的爱情故事. * a holiday romance 假日的风流事.  4 [C, U] (instance of) colourful exaggeration or make-believe 绘声绘色的夸张或虚构; 虚构的情节: The story he told was complete romance. 他说的那件事纯属虚构.
romance 
v [I] exaggerate or distort the truth in an imaginative way; romanticize 凭藉想像夸张、 歪曲或捏造事实; 赋予浪漫色彩: given to colourful romancing 爱绘声绘色地夸张事实.
Romanesque
/ 9rEUmE5nesk; 9romEn`Zsk/ adj, n [U] (of the) style of architecture current in Europe from about 1050 to 1200, with round arches, thick walls, huge vaulting, etc 罗马风格（的）, 罗马式（的）（约1050年至1200年流行於欧洲的建筑风格, 以使用圆拱、 厚墙、 巨大拱顶等为特徵）.
Romano-
comb form 构词成分 Roman; of Rome 罗马的: Romano-British settlements 罗马人在英国的居民点.
romantic
/ rEU5mAntIk; ro`mAntIk/ adj  1 appealing to the emotions by its imaginative, heroic or picturesque quality （因有想像力、 侠义气概或生动性）动人的, 有浪漫色彩的, 传奇的: romantic scenes, adventures, tales 富於传奇色彩的场面、 冒险、 故事 * The Lake District is a very romantic area. 英国湖区很有浪漫色彩.  2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] involving a love affair 爱情的; 罗曼蒂克的: a romantic involvement 堕入情网 * romantic complications 爱情上的纠葛.  3 (of people, their characters, etc) enjoying emotional situations （指人、 性格等）多情的, 浪漫的: She has a dreamy romantic nature. 她爱幻想又多情.  4 (also Romantic) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of music, literature, etc) marked by feeling rather than intellect; preferring wild nature, passion, etc to order and proportion （指音乐、 文学等）浪漫主义的: Keats is one of the greatest Romantic poets. 济慈是伟大的浪漫主义诗人. * a masterpiece of the Romantic school/movement 浪漫派[浪漫主义运动]的杰作.
romantic 
n  1 person who enjoys romantic situations 浪漫的人.  2 (also Romantic) romantic artist 浪漫派艺术家. 
romantically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
romanticism 
/ rEU5mAntIsIzEm; ro`mAntE9sIzEm/ n [U]  1 romantic feelings, attitudes or behaviour 浪漫的感情、 态度或行为.  2 (also Romanticism) Romantic tendency in literature, art and music （文艺及音乐中的）浪漫主义. Cf 参看 classicism, idealism 2, realism 2. 
romanticist 
/ -tIsIst; -tEsIst/ n.
romanticize, romanticise 
/ -tIsaIz; -tE9saIz/ v [I, Tn] (esp derog 尤作贬义) exaggerate or distort (the truth) in an imaginative, falsely heroic, etc way （以想像的、 虚构英雄事迹等方式）夸大或歪曲（事实）: Don't romanticize  stick to the facts. 别夸夸其谈了--说实际的吧. * a novel that refuses to romanticize the grim realities of war 毫不掩盖战争中残酷现实的小说.
Romany
/ 5rCmEnI; `rBmEnI/ n  1 [C] gipsy 吉卜赛人.2 [U] language of the gipsies 吉卜赛语.
Romany 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of gipsies or their language 吉卜赛人的; 吉卜赛语的.
romp
/ rCmp; rBmp/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of children or animals) play about together in a lively way, running, jumping, etc （尤指儿童或动物）在一起玩耍、 跑跳、 嬉戏等: puppies romping around in the garden 在园子里跑来跑去的小狗.  2 (idm 习语) romp home/in win, succeed, etc easily 轻易地取胜、 成功等: romp home in a race 在速度比赛中轻易取胜 * The Liberal candidate romped in with thousands of votes to spare. 自由党候选人轻易获胜, 超出所需选票数以千计.  3 (phr v) romp through (sth) (infml 口) succeed easily (in a test, etc) （在考核等中）轻易通过: She romped through her exams. 她毫不费力就考及格了.
romp 
n [sing] instance of romping 玩耍; 嬉戏: have a romp about 四处玩耍嬉戏.
rompers
/ 5rCmpEz; `rBmpLz/ n [pl] (also `romper-suit [C]) one-piece suit worn by a small child or baby （幼儿穿的）连衫裤.
rondo
/ 5rCndEU; `rBndo/ n (pl ~s) piece of music in which the main theme returns a number of times (音乐)轮旋曲(主题时时重覆).
rontgen
= roentgen.
rood
/ ru:d; rud/ n crucifix, esp one erected on the middle of a rood-screen 有耶稣受难像的十字架（尤指竖立在圣坛屏中央的）.
rood-screen 
n carved wooden or stone screen separating the nave and choir(2) of a church 圣坛屏（教堂中分隔中堂和唱诗班席位的木雕或石雕屏风）.
roof
/ ru:f; ruf/ n (pl ~s)  1 structure covering or forming the top of a building, vehicle, etc （建筑物、 车辆等的）顶部; 屋顶; 车顶: a flat/sloping roof 平的[斜的]顶 * fly above the roofs of the city 在城市上空飞行 * Although divorced, they continued to live under the same roof, ie in the same house. 他们已经离婚了, 但仍然同住在一所房子里. * a library and concert-hall both under one roof, ie in the same building 设在同一座建筑物内的图书馆和音乐听 * have a/no roof over one's head, ie have a/no place to live 有[没有]住处 * The roof of the mine passage collapsed. 巷道的顶部塌了. * a painful sore in the roof of her mouth, ie the palate 她　部的痛处 * (rhet 修辞) the roof of the world, ie the highest part, esp a mountain (range) or plateau 世界屋脊（最高的部分, 尤指山脉或高原）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages vi, xii.  2 (idm 习语) go through the roof (infml 口) become very angry 怒气冲天: She went through the roof when I told her I'd crashed her car. 我告诉她我把她的汽车撞坏了, 她气得大发雷霆. Cf 参看 hit the ceiling/roof (hit1). raise the roof => raise.
roof 
v (pt, pp ~ed / ru:ft; ruft/) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (over/in) (with sth) cover sth with a roof; be a roof for sth 给某物装上顶部; 作某物的顶部: roof (over) a yard (with sheets of plastic) （用塑料板）给院子搭顶篷 * a plan to roof in the stadium 给露天体育场加盖顶篷的计画 * a hut crudely roofed with strips of bark 简简单单用树皮作顶的小屋.
roofing 
n [U] material used for roofs 作顶部用的材料: [attrib 作定语] `roofing material, tiles, slates, felt, etc 盖屋顶用的材料、 瓦、 石板、 油毡等.
roof-garden 
n garden on the flat roof of a building （建筑物平顶上的）屋顶花园.
roof-rack (also `luggage-rack) 
n frame for carrying luggage, etc attached to the roof of a vehicle 车顶架（机动车顶部供装载行李等用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
roof-top 
n (a) outer surface of a roof 屋顶的外层.(b) (esp rhet 尤作修辞) top of a building 建筑物的顶部: flying swiftly over the roof-tops 迅速飞越屋顶.
roof-tree 
n strong horizontal main beam at the highest point of a roof 脊檩; 大梁; 正梁.
rook
/ rUk; rJk/ n large black crow that nests in colonies 秃鼻乌鸦.
rookery 
/ -ErI; -ErI/ n  1 (a) colony of rooks 秃鼻乌鸦群. (b) group of trees where rooks nest 秃鼻乌鸦结巢的丛林.  2 colony or breeding-place of penguins or seals 企鹅群; 海豹群; 企鹅或海豹繁殖地.
rook
/ rUk; rJk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (infml 口) (a) overcharge sb 向某人索高价: That hotel really rooked us. 那家旅馆可真敲了我们竹杠. (b) cheat or swindle sb at cards, etc 在纸牌等戏中欺骗或欺诈某人: They rooked him of 100. 他们在纸牌戏中骗走他100英镑.
rook
/ rUk; rJk/ n = castle 2.
rookie
/ 5rUkI; `rJkI/ n (infml 口) inexperienced newcomer to a team, an organization, etc 无经验的新成员; 新手; 生手: [attrib 作定语] a rookie half-back 新来的前卫队员.
room
/ ru:m, rUm; rum, rJm/ n  1 (a) [C] part of a building enclosed by walls or partitions, and with a floor and ceiling 房间; 室: a large airy room on the first floor 二楼的宽敞通风的房间 * He's in the next room. 他在隔壁房间. (b) rooms [pl] set of these for living in, usu rented; lodgings 一套房间（通常指租的）; 寓所: He's staying in rooms in West Kensington. 他住在肯辛顿西区的寓所里.  2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (to do sth) space that is or could be occupied, or is enough for a purpose （可）占用的空间或地方: Is there enough room for me in the car? 汽车里还有我坐的地方吗? * This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了. * Can you make room on that shelf for more books? 你能在那个架子上腾出些地方再放些书吗? * There's no room to work here. 这里没有可工作的空间. * standing room only, ie no room to sit down, eg in a bus, theatre, etc 仅有站位（无坐位, 如在公共汽车、 戏院等内）. =>Usage at space 用法见space.  3 [U] ~ (for sth) opportunity; scope 机会; 范围: There's (plenty of) room for improvement in your work, ie It is not as good as it could be. 你的工作还有（许多）改进的余地. * There's no room for doubt,ie It is quite certain. 没有怀疑的余地.  4 (idm 习语) cramped for room/space => cramp2. leave the room => leave1. no room to swing a `cat (infml saying 口, 谚) not enough space to live, work, etc in 没有生活、 工作等的足够空间: There's no room/There isn't (enough) room to swing a cat in here. 这里地方过於狭窄.
room 
v [Ipr] (US) occupy a room or rooms in sb else's house; lodge 2(2) （在别人家中）占一间或一套房间; 租住; 寄宿: He's rooming with my friend Alan. 他住在我的朋友艾伦家里.
-roomed 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the stated number of rooms 有所示数目的房间的: a ten-roomed house 有十个房间的一所房子.
roomer 
n (US) person who rooms; lodger （在别人家中住的）房客; 寄宿者.
roomful 
/ -fUl; -9fJl/ n amount or number a room will hold 一室所能容纳的数量: a whole roomful of antiques 满室的古董.
roomy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) having plenty of space to contain things or people 宽敞的: a surprisingly roomy car 极其宽敞的汽车. 
roominess 
n [U].
rooming-house 
n (US) building where furnished rooms can be rented 连家具出租的公寓.
room-mate 
n person living in the same room or set of rooms as another, eg in a college or lodgings 同住一室的人（如学校或寄宿舍中的）.
room service 
(those who provide) service of food, etc to a guest in his hotel room （旅馆的）送食物到客房的服务（人员）: Call room service and ask for some coffee. 叫客房服务员送些咖啡来.
roost
/ ru:st; rust/ n  1 place where birds perch or settle for sleep 禽鸟栖息处: One of the main starling roosts is on top of the Town Hall. 市政厅的房顶是欧椋鸟的一个主要栖息处.  2 (idm 习语) come home to roost => home3. rule the roost => rule v.
roost 
v [I, Ipr] (of birds) settle for sleep; perch （指鸟）栖息.
rooster
/ 5ru:stE(r); `rustL/ n (esp US) = cock1 1.
root
/ ru:t; rut/ n  1 [C] part of a plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil （植物的）根（部）: a plant with very long roots 根部很长的植物 * pull a plant up by the roots 把一植物连根拔起.  2 roots [pl] family ties, feelings, etc that attach a person emotionally and culturally to the society or community where he grew up and/or lives or where his ancestors lived （家族的）根: Many Americans have roots in Europe. 许多美国人祖籍在欧洲. * She has no real roots in this area. 她原籍不在这儿.  3 [C] part of a hair, tooth, nail or tongue that attaches it to the rest of the body （毛发、 牙齿、 指甲或舌头的）根部: pull hair out by (ie complete with) the roots 把头发连根拔掉.  4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (fig 比喻) source or basis 根源; 根基; 根本; 基础: The root of the problem is lack of trust. 产生这问题的根源在於缺乏信任. * Money is often said to be the root of all evil. 金钱常常说成是万恶之源.  5 [C] (also base form) (grammar) form of a word on which its other forms are said to be based 词根: `Walk' is the root of `walks', `walked', `walking' and `walker'. walk是 walks、 walked、 walking、 walker 的词根.  6 [C] (mathematics 数) quantity which, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, produces another quantity 方根; 根: 4 is the square root of 16 (4 x 4 = 16), the cube root of 64 (4 x 4 x 4 = 64) and the fourth root of 256 (4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 256). 4是16的平方根、 是64的立方根、 是256的四次方根. =>App 4 见附录4.  7 (idm习语) get at/get to/strike at the `root(s) of sth discover the source of sth (usu problematic or unpleasant) and tackle it there 找到某事物（通常指棘手的或讨厌的事物）的根源并加以解决. pull up one's roots => pull2. put down (new) `roots establish oneself in a place to which one has moved 在新的地方立足. ,root and `branch thorough(ly); complete(ly) 彻底（的）; 完全（的）: destroy an organization root and branch 彻底摧毁一个组织 * [attrib 作定语] root-and-branch reforms 全面的改革. the root cause (of sth) the fundamental cause 根本原因: He argues that one of the root causes of crime is poverty. 他认为犯罪的一个根本原因是贫穷. take/strike root (a) (of a plant) send down a root or roots （指植物）生根, 扎根. (b) (fig 比喻) become established 建立; 确立: a country where democracy has never really taken root 从未真正建立起民主制度的国家.
rootless 
adj having no root or roots 无根的; 无根基的: a rootless wandering life 飘泊无依的生活. 
rootlessness 
n [U].
root beer 
(esp US) non-alcoholic drink flavoured with the roots of various plants 根汁饮料（用植物根茎调味的不含酒精的饮料）.
root-crop 
n crop grown for its edible roots, eg turnips, carrots, etc 根用作物, 块根植物（如萝卜等）.
root vegetable 
edible root eaten as a vegetable, eg a turnip, carrot, etc 块根蔬菜（如萝卜等）.
root
/ ru:t; rut/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] (of a plant) send down roots and begin to grow （指植物）生根成长: This type of plant roots easily. 这种植物容易生根成长. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] plant (sth) 种植（某物）: Root the cuttings in peat. 把插枝扦插泥炭中.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to stand fixed and unmoving 使（某人）站立不动: be/stand rooted to the spot/ground 站在那里不动 * Fear rooted him to the spot. 他吓得呆若木鸡.3 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] establish (sth) deeply and firmly 使（某事物）深深扎根; 牢固地树立（某事物）: a story firmly rooted in reality 深深扎根於现实中的小说 * Her affection for him is deeply rooted. 她对他矢志不渝. * He has a rooted objection to cold baths. 他一向反对冷水浴.  4 (phr v) root sth out destroy sthcompletely 根除某事物: determined to root out corruption决心根除腐败现象. root sth up dig or pull up (a plant, etc) with the roots 将（植物等）连根挖出或拔起.
root
/ ru:t; rut/ v (phr v) root about/around (for sth) (a) (of pigs) turn up the ground with the snout in search of food （指猪）用鼻拱土觅食: rooting for acorns 用鼻拱土寻觅橡实. (b) (of people) turn things over when searching, esp in an untidy way （指人）翻寻, （尤指）乱翻: What are you doing rooting around in my desk? 你在我的书桌里乱翻什麽呀? root for sb/sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (infml 口) cheer for sb/sth; support sb/sth wholeheartedly 给某人[某事物]打气; 全力支持某人[某事物]: We're rooting for the college baseball team. 我们在给学院的棒球队加油. * We're all rooting for you  good luck with your job interview! 我们全都支持你--祝你求职面试成功! root sth out (infml 口) find sth after hard searching 终於找到某物: I managed to root out a copy of the document. 我好不容易才找到了文件的副本.
rope
/ rEUp; rop/ n  1 [C, U] (length of) thick cord or wire made by twisting finer cords or wires together （由多股拧成的）粗绳或金属缆: We tied his feet together with (a) rope. 我们用绳子把他的双脚捆在一起. * The kids tied a (piece of) rope to the tree and used it as a swing.孩子们把（一根）绳子系在树上当作秋千玩.  2 [C] number of similar things twisted or strung together 缠结或串连成绳状的东西: a rope of onions, pearls, etc 一串 洋葱、 珍珠等.  3 the rope [sing] (infml or rhet 口或修辞) death by hanging 绞刑: bring back the rope, ie the death penalty 恢复死刑.  4 (idm 习语) give sb enough `rope (and he'll hang himself) (saying 谚) allow sb enough freedom of action (and he will bring about his own downfall) 任由某人为所欲为（终将自作自受）. give sb plenty of/some `rope allow sb much/some freedom of action 给某人以充分的[一定程度的]行动自由. money for jam/old rope => money. show sb/know/learn the `ropes explain to sb/know/learn the procedures or rules for doing sth 向某人解释[弄清楚/学习]做某事的程序或规则: She's just started  it'll take her a week or two to learn the ropes. 她是新手--要用一两个星期的时间熟悉情况.
rope 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten or bind (sb/sth) with (a) rope 用绳系住或捆绑（某人[某物]）: rope (ie lasso and tie up) cattle 用套索套牛 * They roped him to a tree. 他们把他绑在树上. * climbers roped together 用绳联结在一起的登山者.  2 (phr v) rope sb in (to do sth) (infml 口) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) persuade sb (to take part in an activity) 说服某人（参与一项活动）: All her friends have been roped in to help organize the event. 她所有的朋友都已动员来协助组织这一活动. rope sth off enclose sth with rope(s) 用绳围起某物: rope off the scene of the accident 把事故现场用绳子拦起来.
rope-ladder 
n ladder made of two long ropes connected by short cross-pieces 绳梯.
ropy (also ropey) 
/ 5rEUpI; `ropI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) poor in quality, health, etc （质量、 健康等）糟糕的, 差劲的: ropy old furniture 破旧的家具 * I'm feeling pretty ropey. 我觉得身体很不舒服. 
ropiness 
n [U].
Roquefort
/ 5rCkfR:(r); ?@ 5rEUkfErt; `rokfLt/ n [U] type of blue cheese made from ewes' milk 罗克福尔乾酪（用羊奶制成, 有蓝色霉菌花纹）.
roro
/ 5rEUrEU; `ro9ro/ abbr 缩写 =  roll-on roll-off.
rosary
/ 5rEUzErI; `rozErI/ n  1 the rosary [sing] (book containing a) set series of prayers used in the Roman Catholic Church （天主教的）玫瑰经, 玫瑰经经文书: say the rosary 念玫瑰经.  2 [C] (a) string of beads for keeping count of these prayers （念玫瑰经时用的）数珠, 念珠. (b) similar string of beads used in other religions （其他宗教用的）数珠, 念珠.
guelder rose
/ 9geldE 5rEUz; `^ZldL9roz/ shrub with round bunches of white flowers 绣球花（灌木、 开白花）.
rose
pt of rise2.
rose
/ rEUz; roz/ n  1 [C] (bush or shrub, usu with thorns on its stems, bearing an) ornamental and usu sweet-smelling flower, growing in cultivated and wild varieties 蔷薇科植物; 蔷薇（花）; 玫瑰（花）: I found him pruning his roses. 我看见他在修剪玫瑰. * a bunch of red roses 一束红玫瑰花 * [attrib 作定语] a `rose bush 玫瑰丛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.  2 [C] pink colour 粉红色: the rose (colour) of clouds at dawn 黎明时分云彩所呈现的粉红的颜色.  3 [C] perforated nozzle of a watering-can or hose-pipe, used for sprinkling plants, etc （喷壶或水管的）莲蓬式喷嘴.  4 [C] (also `ceiling rose) (esp plaster) decoration on a ceiling around the point where the main light is fitted 天花板上主灯周围的花饰（尤指灰泥制的）.  5 (idm 习语) a bed of roses => bed1. not all `roses having some discomforts or disadvantages; not perfect 也有不如意或不利的地方; 并非完美: Being an opera star is not all roses by any means. 当上了歌剧明星也决非事事如意. look at/seesth through rose-coloured/rose-tinted `spectacles,etc think of/regard sth (esp life in general) too optimistically 看问题（尤指生活的整体）过於乐观.
rosebay 
n (US) = rhododendron.
rose-bud 
n bud of a rose 玫瑰花蕾: [attrib 作定语] a rose-bud mouth, ie one having this shape 玫瑰花蕾般的嘴.
rose-hip 
n = hip2.
rose-water 
n [U] perfume made from roses 玫瑰香水.
rose-window 
n ornamental circular window, usu in a church 圆花窗（通常为教堂中的）.
rosewood 
n [U] type of high-quality hardwood used for making furniture 黄檀木（木材坚硬, 质地优良, 用以制造家具）: [attrib 作定语] a rosewood table 黄檀木的桌子.
rose
/ 5rEUzeI; ?@ rEU5zeI; ro`ze/ n [U] any of several types of pink wine 粉红色葡萄酒: an excellent (bottle of) rose （一瓶）优质红葡萄酒. Cf 参看 red wine (red1), white wine (white1).
roseate
/ 5rEUzIEt; `rozIIt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (rhet 修辞) deep pink 深粉红色的: the roseate hues of dawn 黎明时分天空呈现的深粉红色.
rosemary
/ 5rEUzmErI; ?@ -merI; `roz9mZrI/ n [U](a) fragrant leaves of a type of evergreen shrub, used for flavouring food 迷迭香（一种常绿灌木的叶子, 有香味, 用作调味品）. (b) this shrub 迷迭香（指灌木）.
rosette
/ rEU5zet; ro`zZt/ n  1 rose-shaped badge, usu of silk or ribbon 玫瑰形标志; （通常指丝带或缎带做的） 玫瑰花结: The fans are all wearing Arsenal rosettes, ie showing their support for Arsenal football team. 球迷全都佩带著表示支持阿塞纳尔球队的玫瑰花结. * the Tory candidate with his big blue rosette 佩带著蓝色大玫瑰花结的保守党候选人.  2 rose-shaped carving on stonework, etc 石制品等上雕刻的玫瑰形花样.
rosin
/ 5rCzIn; ?@ 5rCzn; `rBzn/ n [U] type of resin(1) used on the strings and bows of stringed musical instruments 松香.
rosin 
v [Tn] rub (sth) with rosin 用松香涂（某物）.
roster
/ 5rCstE(r); `rBstL/ n (esp US) (esp in the army, etc) list of names showing duties to be performed and the times at which those named are to perform them （尤指军队等的）值勤人员名单.
roster 
v [Tn] (esp US) place (sb) on a roster 将（某人）列入值勤人员名单中: proposals for more flexible rostering 较灵活的值勤安排建议 * I've been rostered to work all weekend! 给我安排整个周末都要值班!
rostrum
/ 5rCstrEm; `rBstrEm/ n (pl ~s or -tra / -trE;-trE/) raised platform from which public speeches are made 演讲台; 讲坛: mount the rostrum 登上讲坛.
rosy
/ 5rEUzI; `rozI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of the colour of red roses; deep pink 玫瑰红的; 深粉红色的: rosy cheeks, ie indicating good health 红润的脸颊.  2 (fig 比喻) very encouraging; very hopeful 令人鼓舞的; 极有希望的: The prospects couldn't be rosier. 前景好得不能再好了. * She painted a rosy picture of the firm's future. 她认为这家公司前途十分美好. 
rosiness 
n [U].
rot
/ rCt; rBt/ v (-tt-) (a) [I, Ip] decay naturally through the action of bacteria, fungi, etc 腐烂; 腐坏: a heap of rotting leaves 一堆腐烂的叶子 * The wood has rotted away completely. 那木头已完全朽了. * (fig 比喻) He was thrown into prison and left to rot. 他被关进监牢任其苟延残喘. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] cause (sth) to decay or become useless; damage 使（某物）腐烂或无用; 损坏: Oil and grease will rot the rubber of your tyres. 油污能腐蚀轮胎橡胶. * Too much sugar will rot your teeth away. 吃糖太多就要损坏牙齿.
rot 
n  1 [U] rotting; rottenness 腐烂; 腐坏: a tree affected by rot 枯朽的树 * Rot has set in, ie started. 已经逐渐腐烂了. * There's dry rot in the floor. 地板已经朽了.  2 [U] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) nonsense; absurd statement(s) or argument(s) 胡说; 谬论: Don't talk such utter rot! 别说这种荒唐话了! * `They're bound to win.' `Rot! They haven't a chance!' ｀他们一定赢.＇｀胡说! 他们毫无希望!＇  3 the rot [sing] liver disease of sheep （羊的）肝蛭病.  4 (idm 习语) the rot sets `in conditions begin to get worse 情况开始变坏: The rot set in when we lost that important customer in Japan. 我们失去了日本的那家重要客户後, 情况越来越糟了. stop the rot => stop.
rot-gut 
n [U] (sl 俚) cheap and unpleasant alcoholic drink, esp inferior spirits that can harm the stomach 廉价而难喝的酒（尤指伤胃的劣质烈酒）.
rota
/ 5rEUtE; `rotE/ n (pl ~s) (Brit) (US roster) list showing duties to be done or names of people to do them in turn 勤务轮值表.
rotary
/ 5rEUtErI; `rotErI/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]1 (fml 文) (of motion) moving round a central point; circular （指运动）旋转的.  2 (of a machine, an engine, etc) using this type of motion （指机器、 发动机等）转动的: a rotary drill, clothes drier, switch, etc 旋转式钻机、 乾衣机、 开关等 * a rotary printing machine/press, ie one which prints from metal plates attached to revolving cylinders 轮转印刷机. Cf 参看 reciprocate 2. 
rotary 
n (US) = roundabout 2.
rotate
/ rEU5teIt; ?@ 5rEUteIt; `rotet/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]  1 (cause sth to) move in circles round a central point （使某物）旋转或转动: Danger: rotating blades. 危险: 叶片旋转, 注意安全. * rotate the handle gently 轻轻转动手柄.  2 (cause sb/sth to) take turns or recur in a particular order （使某人[某事物]）轮流或按顺序循环: The post of chairman rotates among members of the committee. 主席一职由委员会的成员轮流担任. * the technique of rotating crops 轮种作物的技术.
rotation 
/ rEU5teIFn; ro`teFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] rotating or being rotated 旋转; 转动: the rotation of the Earth 地球的自转. (b) [C] one complete movement of this type （旋转的）一圈; （一）转: five rotations per hour 每小时旋转五圈.  2 [C, U] regular organized sequence of things or events 轮流; 轮换: the rotation of crops/crop rotation, ie varying the crops grown each year on the same land to avoid exhausting the soil 作物的轮作[轮种].  3 (idm 习语) in rotation in turn; in regular succession 轮流地; 轮番地; 循环地: The chairmanship of the committee changes in rotation. 委员会主席一职是轮流担任的. 
rotational 
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj.
rotatory 
/ 5rEUtEtErI, rEU5teItErI; ?@ 5rEUtEtR:rI; `rotE9tRrI/ adj (fml 文) rotating; of rotation 旋转的; 轮流的: rotatory motion 旋转运动.
rote
/ rEUt; rot/ n (idm 习语) by `rote by heart; from memory, without thinking of the meaning 凭记忆: do, say, know, learn, etc sth by rote 机械地做某事、 脱口而出、 凭记忆、 死记硬背.
rote learning 
method of study based on learning facts, etc by heart without considering their meaning 死记硬背的学习方法.
rotisserie
/ rEU5ti:sErI; ro`tisErI/ n cooking device for roasting meat, etc on a revolving spit2(1) 旋转式烤炉.
rotor
/ 5rEUtE(r); `rotL/ n rotating part of a machine, esp on a helicopter 机器的旋转部分; （尤指直升飞机的）旋翼. =>illus at helicopter 见 helicopter 插图.
rotten
/ 5rCtn; `rBtn/ adj  1 decayed; having gone bad 腐烂的; 变质的: rotten eggs 已坏的蛋 * The wood was so rotten you could put your finger through it. 木头已经朽了, 用手指一　就是一个窟窿.  2 morally corrupt 道德败坏的; 腐化的: an organization, a person, a policy that is rotten to the core, ie completely rotten 腐败透顶的组织、 人、 政策.  3 (infml 口) very bad; very unpleasant 极坏的; 极讨厌的: The film was pretty rotten. 这部影片简直糟透了. * She's a rotten cook. 她做的饭菜真差劲. * What rotten luck! 真倒霉! * rotten weather 讨厌的天气.
rottenly 
adv (infml 口) very badly 极坏地: Her husband treated her rottenly all their married life. 他们结婚以来, 她丈夫待她坏极了.
rottenness 
n [U].
rotter
/ 5rCtE(r); `rBtL/ n (sl joc 俚, 谑) nasty or worthless person 可恶的人; 无赖: He's a complete rotter! 他是个十足的大坏蛋!
rotund
/ rEU5tQnd; ro`tQnd/ adj (euph or joc 婉或谑) (of a person) rounded; plump; fat （指人）肥胖的, 胖墩墩的, 胖的.
rotundity 
/ -EtI; -EtI/ n [U] (euph or joc 婉或谑) state of being rotund 肥胖; 胖.
rotundly 
adv.
rotunda
/ rEU5tQndE; ro`tQndE/ n type of round building or hall, esp one with a domed roof 圆形建筑物或大厅（尤指有半球形屋顶的）.
rouble (also ruble) 
/ 5ru:bl; `rubl/ n unit of money in the former USSR; 100 kopecks 卢布（前苏联发行的货币的单位, 合 100 戈比）.
roue
/ 5ru:eI; ru`e/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) dissolute or lecherous man, esp an elderly one 放荡的或好色的男子（尤指年长的）.
rouge
/ ru:V; ruV/ n [U]  1 reddish cosmetic for colouring the cheeks 胭脂.  2 fine red powder used for polishing metal 铁丹; 红铁粉: jewellers' rouge 抛光铁丹.
rouge 
v [Tn] colour (the cheeks) with rouge 用胭脂搽（脸颊）.
rough
/ rQf; rQf/ adj (-er, -est)  1 having an uneven or irregular surface; not level or smooth 高低不平的; 参差不齐的; 不平滑的; 粗糙的: A jeep is ideal for driving over rough terrain. 吉普车很适合在高低不平的路面上行驶. * a rough stone wall 里出外进的石墙 * rough hands 粗糙的手 * rough woollen cloth 粗糙的毛料布. Cf 参看 smooth1.  2 not gentle or calm; moving or acting violently 粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的: rough behaviour 粗暴的行为 * His children are very rough with their toys. 他的孩子很不爱惜玩具. * Rugby is a rough sport. 橄榄球是一种很剧烈的运动. * That area of the city is quite rough (ie dangerous) after dark. 那一带市区天黑之後很危险. * This suitcase has had some rough handling, ie has been badly treated. 这个手提箱用得很不在意. * He has a rough tongue, ie often speaks rudely or sharply. 他讲话很不中听（言语粗野或尖刻）. * rough seas 风浪大的海 * have a rough crossing from Dover to Calais 在大风大浪中从多佛港横渡到加莱港.  3 made or done without (much) attention to detail, esp in haste or as a first attempt; approximate 粗制的; 粗略的; （尤指）粗率的或初步的; 概略的: a rough sketch, calculation, translation 草图、 概略的计算、 粗略的翻译 * a rough draft of his speech 他的演讲草稿 * Give me a rough idea of your plans. 请把你那计画的大概意思告诉我. * I'll give you a rough estimate of the costs. 我给你大致估计一下费用. * rough justice, ie more or less fair, but not necessarily strictly according to law 勉强的公正.4 harsh (in taste, sound, etc) （味道、 声音等）令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的: a rough red wine 难喝的红葡萄酒 * Your engine sounds a bit rough  you'd better have it checked. 你的发动机声音有点不正常--最好检查检查. * a rough voice 粗厉的嗓音.  5 (infml 口) unwell 不舒服: I feel a bit rough  I'm going to bed. 我有点儿不舒服--想去睡觉了.  6 (idm 习语) be rough (on sb) (infml 口) be unpleasant or unlucky (for sb) （对某人来说）不愉快的, 不幸的: Losing his job was rough (on him). 他失业了, 真倒霉. give sb/have a rough `time (cause sb to) experience hardship, be treated severely, etc （使某人）受苦、 受到严厉的对待等: She had a really rough time when her father died. 她在父亲去世以後受了很多罪. a raw/rough deal => deal4. ,rough and `ready adequate but unrefined; crude but effective 能满足需要但不精美; 简陋但有效: The accommodation is rather rough and ready, I'm afraid. 依我看, 这个住处还算差强人意. * [attrib 作定语] rough and ready methods 原始但实用的方法. a rough `diamond person who is good-natured but lacking polished manners, education, etc 心地善良但粗俗、 缺乏教养等的人.
roughly 
adv  1 in a rough manner 粗鲁地; 粗暴; : treat sb roughly 粗暴地对待某人 * a roughly made table, ie not finely finished 做工粗糙的桌子.2 approximately 大概; 大约: It should cost roughly 10. 这大约10英镑. * about forty miles, roughly speaking 大致说来, 约四十英里.
roughness 
n [U] quality or state of being rough 粗糙; 粗略; 粗率; 粗鲁; 粗厉: the roughness of his chin 他下巴的粗糙不光滑.
rough-and-tumble 
n, adj (fight, struggle, etc that is) boisterous and disorganized, but usu not serious 吵闹而混乱的（打、 斗等）（通常不很严重）: All the pups were having a rough-and-tumble in the garden. 小狗都正在花园里又叫又闹.
rough house 
(infml 口) disturbance with violent and noisy behaviour 大吵大闹.
rough luck 
bad luck, worse than is deserved （不该有的）坏运气.
roughneck 
n (US infml 口)  1 rowdy person; hooligan 粗暴而好吵闹的人; 流氓.  2 worker on an oil rig 油井工人.
rough
/ rQf; rQf/ adv  1 in a rough manner 粗鲁地; 粗暴地; 粗略地: a team that is notorious for playing rough, ie in a (physically) somewhat violent way 因动作粗野而声名狼藉的运动队.  2 (idm 习语) cut up `rough (infml 口) become angry or violent 发脾气; 暴跳如雷: I hope he doesn't cut up rough when I tell him what I've done. 我把我做的事情告诉他, 但愿他别发火. live rough => live2. sleep rough => sleep2.
roughcast 
n [U] coarse plaster containing gravel, used for covering the outside walls of buildings （含沙石的）粗灰泥（用以抹建筑物的外墙）.
rough-hewn 
adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) shaped or carved roughly 初步成形的; 粗雕的: a rough-hewn statue 粗凿的雕像.
roughshod 
adv (idm 习语) ride roughshod over sb/sth => ride2.
rough
/ rQf; rQf/ n  1 (also the rough) [U] part of a golf-course where the ground is uneven and the grass uncut （高尔夫球场的）深草区（场地不平、 杂草不修剪）. =>illus at golf 见golf插图. Cf 参看 fairway 1.2 [C] rough drawing or design, etc 草图、 草样等: Have you seen the (artwork) roughs for the new book? 你看到那本新书的（插图）草稿了吗?  3 [C] (infml 口) violent lawless person; (usu male) hooligan 无法无天的人; （通常指男性）流氓: beaten up by a gang of young roughs遭一帮小流氓殴打.  4 (idm 习语) in `rough without great accuracy; approximately 不太精确地; 大约: I've drawn it in rough, to give you some idea of how it looks. 我已经把它草草画了出来, 好让你有个大概的印象. in (the) `rough in an unfinished state 尚未完成: We only saw the new painting in the rough. 我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子. take the ,rough with the `smooth accept what is unpleasant or difficult as well as what is pleasant or easy 好坏一齐接受.
rough
/ rQf; rQf/ v  1 (idm 习语) `rough it (infml 口) live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life 在没有一般的舒适和便利的条件下生活: roughing it in the mountains 在山区因陋就简地生活 * You may have to rough it a bit if you come to stay. 你要来住可能得吃点苦.  2 (phr v) rough sth out shape, plan or sketch sth roughly 拟定某事物的草案或纲要: He roughed out some ideas for the new buildings. 他为新建筑物提出了一些初步设想. rough sb up (infml 口) treat sb roughly, with physical violence 对某人施用暴力; 殴打某人. rough sth up make sth untidy or uneven 将某物弄乱或弄得不平整: Don't rough up my hair! 别把我的头发弄乱了!
roughage
/ 5rQfIdV; `rQfIdV/ n [U] indigestible material in certain plants used as food (eg bran) that stimulates the action of the intestines, and helps the digestion of other foods 粗糙食物（不易吸收的粗纤维, 如糠、 麸, 可刺激肠蠕动, 有助於消化他种食物）.
roughen
/ 5rQfn; `rQfEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become rough （使某物）变得粗糙或不平整: Roughen the surface before applying the paint. 先把表面弄毛糙再涂颜料.
roulette
/ ru:5let; ru`lZt/ n [U] gambling game in which a small ball falls at random into one of the numbered compartments on a revolving wheel 轮盘赌: play roulette 玩轮盘赌 * [attrib 作定语] a roulette wheel 轮盘赌具上的轮盘.
round
/ raUnd; raJnd/ adj  1 shaped like a circle or a ball 环形的; 球形的; 圆的: a round plate, window, table圆盘、 窗、 桌 * round cheeks, ie plump and curved 圆而胖的脸.  2 full; complete 满的; 完全的: a round dozen, ie not less than twelve 整整一打 * a round (ie considerable) sum of money 一笔很可观的钱.  3 (idm 习语) in round `figures/`numbers (given) in 10's, 100's, 1000's etc, without using the other digits 取整数的, 不计尾数的（仅以几十、 几百、 几千等表示）: Add 2.74 to 7.23 and you get 10.00, in round figures. 7.23 英镑加上 2.74 英镑取整数为 10 英镑. a square peg in a round hole => square1.
roundish 
adj approximately round 近似圆形的.
roundly 
adv thoroughly; pointedly 彻底地; 直率地: She was roundly rebuked for what she had done. 她做出了这种事因而受到严厉的指责. * We told her roundly that she was unwelcome. 我们坦率地告诉她大家不欢迎她.
roundness 
n [U].
round brackets 
parentheses 圆括号.
round-eyed 
adj with the eyes wide open in wonder, etc （因惊奇等）眼睛睁大的.
Roundhead 
n supporter of Parliament in the English Civil War 圆颅党人（英国内战时期的议会派人士）. Cf 参看 Cavalier.
round robin  
1 statement, petition, etc signed by a number of people, often with signatures arranged in a circle to conceal who signed first 圆形签名陈情书、 请愿书等（签名排列成圆形, 故分不清先後）.  2 letter sent in turn to members of a group, each of whom adds sth before sending it on to the next 传阅的信件（各成员传阅并签注意见）.
round-shouldered 
adj (derog 贬) (walking, standing, etc) with the shoulders bent forward （行走、 站立等）弓背曲肩的. Cf 参看 square-shouldered (square1).
round-table 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of a meeting, etc) in which the participants meet more or less as equals （指会议等）圆桌的（与会者平等）: a ,round-table discussion, `conference, etc 圆桌讨论会、 会议等.
round trip 
(a) journey to one or more places and back again, often by a different route 环程旅行（常不循原路线返回）. (b) (US) = return2 5: [attrib 作定语] a ,round-trip `ticket 一张往返票.
round
/ raUnd; raJnd/ adv part (For special uses with many vs, eg bring round, get round, see the v entries 可与许多动词连用, 如bring round、 get round, 其释义见各动词词条. )  1 so as to be facing in a different (usu the opposite) direction 朝另一方向（通常指反方向）: turn the car round 使汽车掉头 * Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people. 别再（把头）扭过去看人.2 making the completion of a full cycle 转一整圈:How long does it take the minute hand of the clock to go round once? 钟的分针转一圈要多长时间? * Spring will soon come round again. 春天又快到了.  3 measuring or marking the circumference of sth 周长: a young tree measuring only 18 inches round 周长仅18英寸的小树 * They've built a fence all round to stop the children falling in. 他们在四周围起一圈栅栏防止儿童掉进去.  4 to all members of a group in turn 依次、 逐个轮到: Hand the biscuits round. 把饼乾分给大家. * The news was quickly passed round. 消息很快就传开了. * Have we enough cups to go round? 我们的杯子够大家用吗?  5 by a route that is longer than the most direct one 绕道地; 迂回地: It's quickest to walk across the field  going round by road takes much longer. 穿过田地路途最近--绕行公路要远得多. * We decided to come the long way round in order to see the countryside. 我们决定绕远路来, 为的是看看野外的景色.  6 (infml 口) to or at a specified place, esp where sb lives 至某处, 在某处（尤指某人的住处）: I'll be round in an hour. 我在一小时後就到. * We've invited the Frasers round this evening. 我们邀请了弗雷泽一家今晚来作客.  7 (idm 习语) ,round a`boutin the surrounding district 在附近; 在周围: the countryside round about 附近的郊外 * all the villages round about 附近的所有村庄. Cf 参看 around2.
round
/ raUnd; raJnd/ n  1 (a) complete slice of bread （整片的）面包片: a round of toast 整片的烤面包片 * two rounds (ie sandwiches) of ham and one of beef 两个火腿三明治和一个牛肉三明治. (b) (of food) sth round; a round piece/shape （指食物）圆形食物（圆片[形]）: Cut the pastry into small rounds, one for each pie. 把油酥面团切成小圆片, 每个馅饼用一片.  2 regular series, succession, route, etc 有规律的系列、 路线等: the daily round, ie the ordinary occupations of every day 日常工作 * His life is one long round of meetings. 他的生活内容就是一个会议接著一个会议. * the postman's round, ie the route he takes to deliver letters 邮递员的投递路线 * a doctor's rounds, ie his series of daily visits to patients or wards 医生的巡回出诊或查房.  3 stage in a game, competition, etc （游戏、 比赛等的）一轮, 一局, 一场, 一回合: a boxing-match of ten rounds 十回合的一场拳击比赛 * He was knocked out in the third round/in Round Three. 他在第三个回合就被击倒了. * have a round of cards 玩一局牌 * play a round (ie 18 holes) of golf 打一场高尔夫球（18个穴）.  4 (any one of a) set or series 一连串, 一系列, 一套, 一组（中之一）: a round of drinks, ie one for each person in a group 每人一份饮料 * It's my round, ie my turn to pay for the next set of drinks. 轮到我了（该由我付下一回饮料的费用）. * a new round of pay bargaining 新的一轮增加工资的谈判.  5 burst (of applause, cheering, etc) （掌声、 欢呼声等的）一阵: Let's have a good round of applause for the next performer. 咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧.  6 musical composition for two or more voices in which each sings the same melody but starts at a different time 轮唱曲.7 single shot or volley of shots from one or more guns; ammunition for this （枪炮的）一次射击或群射; 一发子弹或炮弹: They fired several rounds at us. 他们向我们射击了几次. * We've only three rounds �(ie shells or bullets) left. 我们只剩下三发炮弹（或子弹）了.  8 (idm 习语) do/go the `rounds (of sth) (infml 口) make a tour; visit places one after another 到各处玩乐; 到一处又一处: We did/went the rounds of all the pubs in town. 我们逐一光顾了城里所有的酒店. go the round of circulate in or among 流传; 散播: The news quickly went the round of the village. 消息很快传遍了全村. in the `round (a) (of a theatre, play, etc) with the audience (almost) all around the stage （指剧场、 演出等）舞台设 在场地中央的. (b) (of sculpture) made so that it can be viewed from all sides （指雕塑）圆雕的（能从各面观看的）. make one's `rounds make one's usual visits, esp of inspection 例行巡视; （尤指）巡查: the production manager making his rounds 正在进行巡查的生产部经理.
round
/ raUnd; raJnd/ prep  1 having (sth) as the central point of a circular movement; circling (sth) 以（某物）为中心（作圆周运动）; 围绕, 环绕（某物）: The earth moves round the sun. 地球环绕太阳运行. * Drake sailed round the world. 德雷克扬帆环游世界. * goldfish swimming round the bowl 在鱼缸里转圈游动的金鱼.  2 to or at a point on the other side of (sth) 至或在（某物）另一面的某一点; 绕过（某物）: walk round a corner 步行绕过拐角 * There's a garage round the next bend. 在下一个转弯处有个汽车服务站. * Go round the roundabout and take the third exit. 绕著环状交叉路, 从第三个出口出去.  3 covering or at points close to the edge of (sth) 围著（某物）的边缘或在其近处: a scarf round his neck 他脖子上围著的围巾 * sitting round the table 围桌而坐.  4 to or at various points in (sth) 至或在（某物）中之各点: look round the room 环视房间 * show sb round (ie all the different rooms in) the house 领某人参观房子（中的各个房间） * There were soldiers positioned all round the town. 城里到处都驻守著士兵.  5 ~ (about) sth approximately (a time, amount, etc) 大约（某时刻、 数量等）: We're leaving round about midday. 我们要在中午前後走. * A new roof will cost round about 1000. 换新顶篷需要 1000 英镑左右.
round
/ raUnd; raJnd/ v [Tn]  1 make (sth) into the shape of a circle, a ball, an oval, etc 使（某物）成圆形、 球形、 卵形等: round the lips, eg when making the sound / u:; u/ 把嘴唇撮成圆形（如发/ u:; u/音时） * stones rounded by the action of water 由於水的冲刷而变圆的石块.  2 go round (sth) 环绕（某物）而行; 绕过（某物）: We rounded the corner at high speed. 我们以高速度绕过拐角.  3 (phr v) round sth off (a) end or complete sth satisfactorily 使某事物圆满结束或完成: round off a sentence, speech, etc 把句子、 演说等修饰好 * He rounded off his career by becoming Home Secretary. 他担任内政大臣一职, 在事业上已登峰造极了. (b) take the sharp edges off sth 将某物的棱角修钝: She rounded off the corners of the table with sandpaper. 她用砂纸把桌角打磨光了. round on/upon sb attack sb (esp verbally) in sudden anger 突然发怒而攻击某人（尤指抨击）: She was amazed when he rounded on her and called her a liar. 他突然怒斥她说谎, 她大吃一惊. round sth out supply sth with more explanation, detail, etc 对某事进一步解释、 说明等: John will tell you the plan in outline, and then I'll round it out. 约翰要告诉你那个计画的梗概, 然後我再详谈. round sb/sth up cause sb/sth to gather in one place 使某人[某物]集合在一起: The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach. 导游把游客集合在一起, 领他们回到车上. * cowboys rounding up cattle 把牛赶到一起的牛仔 * I spent the morning trying to round up the documents I needed. 我用上午的时间尽力搜集所需要的文件. round sth up/down increase/decrease (a figure, price, etc) to the nearest whole number 将（数字、 价格等）调高[降低]为整数: A charge of 1.90 will be rounded up to 2, and one of 3.10 rounded down to 3. 把 1.90 英镑的费用上调为整数 2 英镑, 把 3.10 英镑下调为整数 3 英镑.
round-up 
n 1 act of gathering together people, animals or things into one place （人、 动物或事物的）聚集; 聚拢: a round-up of stray cattle 将走失的牛群驱赶到一起.  2 summary 总结; 摘要: Here is a round-up of the latest news. 以下是最新的新闻综合报道.
roundabout
/ 5raUndEbaUt; `raJndE9baJt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not using the shortest or most direct route, form of words, etc 绕道的; 兜圈子的; 拐弯抹角的: take a roundabout route 绕远道 * I heard the news in a roundabout way. 我是间接听到这消息的. * a roundabout way of saying sth 拐弯抹角的说某事.
roundabout 
n  1 (US also carousel, `merry-go-round, whirligig) revolving platform with model horses, cars, etc for children to ride on in a playground or at a funfair 旋转木马.  2 (US traffic circle, rotary) multiple road junction in the form of a circle round which all traffic has to pass in the same direction 环状交叉路（多条道路的交叉口, 车辆均须按相同方向绕行）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. Cf 参看 circus 3.  3 (idm 习语) swings and roundabouts => swing2.
roundel
/ 5raUndl; `raJndl/ n circular identifying mark showing nationality, used on military aircraft of some countries 圆形标志（表示国别的符号, 用於某些国家的军用飞机上）.
rounders
/ 5raUndEz; `raJndLz/ n [sing v] (Brit) game for two teams, played with a bat and ball, in which players have to run round a circuit of bases 一种似棒球的游戏. Cf 参看 baseball.
Roundhead
=> round1.
roundsman
/ 5raUndzmEn; `raJndzmEn/ n (pl -men /-mEn; -mEn/) tradesman's employee delivering goods, etc on a regular route （有固定路线的）送货员: Ask your roundsman for extra milk over Christmas. 请贵店送货员在圣诞节多送些牛奶来.
rouse
/ raUz; raJz/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/out of sth) cause sb to wake 唤醒某人: I was roused by the sound of a bell. 钟声把我吵醒了. * It's time to rouse the children. 该叫醒孩子们了. * (fig 比喻) rouse him from his depression 使他不再消沉. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (from/out of sth) (fml 文) wake (oneself) 醒来: I roused slowly from a deep sleep. 我从熟睡中慢慢地醒来.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) cause sb/sth to become active, interested, etc 使某人[某事物]活跃起来、 产生兴趣等: rouse sb/oneself to action 激励某人[自己]行动起来 * roused to anger by their insults 被他们的侮辱所激怒 * When he's roused, he can get very angry. 要是惹著了他, 他有时大发脾气. Cf 参看 arouse.
rousing 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] vigorous; giving encouragement (esp to action) 充满活力的; 激励人的（尤指使之付诸行动）: a rousing speech 振奋人心的讲话 * three rousing cheers for the winner 向获胜者热烈地表示祝贺的三次欢呼声.
roustabout
/ 5raUstEbaUt; `raJstE9baJt/ n labourer on an oil rig 石油钻台上的工人.
rout
/ raUt; raJt/ n [C, U]  1 utter defeat (ending in disorder) 彻底的失败; 溃败; 大败: After our fifth goal the match became a rout. 我队进了第五个球以後, 对方一败涂地.  2 (idm 习语) put sb to `rout (dated fml 旧, 文) defeat sb completely 彻底打败某人.
rout 
v [Tn] defeat (sb) completely; make (sb) retreat in confusion 彻底打败（某人）; 使（某人）溃退: He resigned after his party was routed in the election. 他所在的那个党在选举中遭到惨败, 他随之辞职了.
rout
/ raUt; raJt/ v (phr v) rout sb out (of sth) fetch sb out abruptly, forcibly, etc 生硬地、 强制地...使某人出去: We were routed out of our beds at 4 am. 清晨 4 点钟就把我们从床上叫起来了.
en route
/ 9Cn 5ru:t; Bn`rut/ ~ (from...) (to...); ~ (for...) (French 法) on the way 在路上; 在中途: We stopped at Paris en route from Rome to London. 我们从罗马去伦敦的途中曾在巴黎停留. * They passed through Paris en route for Rome. 他们途经巴黎前往罗马.
route
/ ru:t; ?@ raUt; raJt/ n way taken or planned to get from one place to another 路; 路途; 路线: We drove home by a roundabout route. 我们开车绕道回的家. * the main shipping routes across the Atlantic 穿越大西洋的主要海运路线 * (US) take Route 66 走 66 号公路.
route 
v (pres p routeing, pp routed) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] send (sth) by a specified route 按某路线发送（某物）: This flight is routed to Chicago via New York. 这班机是经纽约飞往芝加哥的.
route march 
long march made by soldiers in training （部队操练中的）长途行军.
routine
/ ru:5ti:n; ru`tin/ n  1 [C, U] fixed and regular way of doing things 固定而有规则性的程序; 例行公事; 常规: She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement. 她退休後觉得很难建立起新的生活秩序. * do sth as a matter of routine 按常规办事 * [attrib 作定语] routine tasks, chores, duties, etc 日常工作、 日常事务、 例行职责.  2 [C] set sequence of movements in a dance or some other performance 舞蹈等表演的成套动作: go through a dance routine 做一套舞蹈动作.
routine 
adj usual; habitual; regular 通常的; 惯例的; 例行的: the routine procedure 例行手续 * routine maintenance 定期的保养 * (derog 贬) a rather routine (ie ordinary, undistinguished) performance 很一般的（平淡无奇的）演出. 
routinely 
adv.
roux
/ ru:; ru/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (in cooking) mixture of melted fat and flour blended together and used as the basis for sauces 油脂面糊（用以制沙司）.
rove
/ rEUv; rov/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) wander without intending to reach a particular destination; roam 漂泊; 流浪; 漫游: a roving reporter 到处奔走的记者 * bands of hooligans roving (round) the streets 成群结伙在街上东游西逛的流氓. (b) ~ about/around (sth) [Ipr, Ip] (of eyes) look in one direction after another （指眼睛）环顾, 扫视.  2 (idm 习语) have a roving eye be always looking for a chance to flirt or have love affairs 时刻寻找调情或做风流事的机会.
rover 
n wanderer 流浪者; 漂泊者; 漫游者: She's always been a rover. 她一向到处流浪.
roving commission 
authority to travel as much as necessary in order to carry out enquiries, duties, etc （为进行调查、 工作等之需而有的）自由旅行权.
row
/ rEU; ro/ n  1 number of people or things arranged in a line 一行; 一排; 一列: a row of books, houses, desks 一排书、 房子、 书桌 * standing in a row/in rows 站成行 * plant a row of cabbages 种植一行洋白菜.  2 line of seats across a theatre, etc （戏院等的）成排坐位: the front two rows 前两排坐位 * [attrib 作定语] a ,front-row `seat 前排坐位.  3 (idm 习语) in a row one after another; in unbroken sequence 一个接一个地; 连续不断地: This is the third Sunday in a row that it's rained. 这是接连著的第三个星期天下雨了.
row
/ rEU; ro/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] propel (a boat) by using oars 划（船）: Can you row? 你会划船吗? * They rowed (the boat) across (the river). 他们划（船）过了河.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] carry (sb/sth) in a rowing-boat 用划艇运载（某人[某物]）: Row me across (the river). 划船把我送到对岸去吧.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] perform in a race, etc against (sb) by rowing 与（某人）进行划船比赛等: We're rowing Cambridge in the next race. 我们在下一次划船比赛中要跟剑桥大学队较量. (b) [I, Ipr] be an oarsman in a racing-boat's crew （在赛艇上）当划桨队员, 划船: row for Cambridge 在剑桥队当划船运动员 * He rows (at) No 5 (ie in this position) for Oxford. 他是牛津大学船队的 5 号队员.
row 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) outing in a boat that one rows; period of rowing 划船游玩; 划船时间: go for a row 去划船 * a long and tiring row 划船很长很累的一段时间.
rower 
n person who rows a rowing-boat 划船者. Cf 参看 oarsman (oar).
rowing-boat (also esp US `row-boat) 
n small boat propelled by rowing (usu not competitively) 划艇（通常指非比赛用艇）.
row
/ raU; raJ/ n (infml 口)  1 [U, sing] loud noise; uproar 大的噪声; 吵闹: How can I read with all this row going on? 吵闹的声音这样大, 我怎能读书呢? * Could you please make less (of a) row? 请你别那麽大声嚷嚷好吗? * kick up a row 大声吵闹.  2 [C] noisy or violent argument; quarrel 大声而激烈的争论; 吵架: I think they've had a row. 我想他们一定吵架了. * the continuing row over the Government's defence policy 关於政府防务政策的无休止的争论. =>Usage at argument 用法见argument.  3 [C] instance of being criticized, scolded, etc 受批评、 挨骂等: I got/She gave me a row for being late. 因为我迟到了, 我挨了批评[她批评了我].
row 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) quarrel noisily 大声争吵: They're always rowing, ie with each other. 他们总是吵架. * rowing (with his employers) over money （与雇主）在钱的问题上争吵.
rowan
/ 5rEUEn, 5raUEn; `roEn, `raJEn/ n (also `rowan tree) type of tree that bears hanging clusters of scarlet berries; mountain ash 花楸树（结鲜红色的浆果, 成串下垂）.
rowdy
/ 5raUdI; `raJdI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) noisy; disorderly 吵闹的; 混乱的; 无秩序的: a group of rowdy teenagers 一群吵吵嚷嚷的青少年 * The meeting broke up amid rowdy scenes. 会议在混乱中结束了.
rowdily 
adv.
rowdiness, rowdyism 
ns [U] rowdy behaviour 吵闹行为.
rowdy 
n (dated derog 旧, 贬) rowdy person 大吵大闹的人; 好争吵者.
rowlock
/ 5rClEk; ?@ 5rEUlCk; `ro9lBk/ (US also `oarlock) n device on the side of a rowing-boat for keeping an oar in place （划艇边缘的）桨架. =>illus at rowing-boat (row2) 见 rowing-boat(row>>2) 插图. Cf 参看 thole.
royal
/ 5rRIEl; `rRIEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of a king or queen 国王的; 女王的: limitations on royal power 对王权的限制 * the royal visit to Canada 国王对加拿大的访问 * the royal prerogative 国王的特权.  2 belonging to the family of a king or queen （属於）王室的, 王族的: the royal princesses 国王的（除王后之外的）女眷.  3 in the service or under the patronage of a king or queen 为国王或女王效力的; 国王或女王赞助的: the Royal `Air Force 皇家空军 * the Royal Marines 皇家海军陆战队 * the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 皇家鸟类保护协会.  4 suitable for a king, etc; splendid 适於国王的; 盛大的: a royal welcome 盛大的欢迎.  5 (idm 习语) the royal `we' monarch's use of the plural pronoun to refer to himself or herself 朕, 寡人（君主用於自称）: (joc 谑) `We've never liked Italy.' `Is that the royal ``we''? I think Italy's great!' ｀我们向来不喜欢意大利.＇｀你说的　我们　是指你孤家寡人吧? 我认为意大利好极了!＇
royal 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) member of the royal family 王室成员.
royalist 
/ 5rRIElIst; `rRIElIst/ n person who favours monarchy as a form of government 保皇主义者; 保皇党成员.
royally 
/ 5rRIElI; `rRIElI/ adv in a splendid manner 盛大地: We were royally entertained. 我们受到了盛情的款待.
royal blue 
(Brit) deep bright blue colour 宝蓝; 藏蓝.
Royal Commission 
(Brit) group of people officially appointed by the monarch to investigate and report on a particular matter 皇家调查委员会（由君主指派的）.
Royal Highness 
(used as the title of a royal person, esp a prince or princess 用作王室成员（尤指王子、 王孙或公主、 孙公主）的尊称): Her Royal Highness, the Princess of Wales 储妃殿下 * Their Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of York 约克公爵及公爵夫人殿下 * Thank you, Your Royal Highness. 感谢殿下.
royal jelly 
substance secreted by worker bees and fed by them to future queen bees 蜂王浆.
royalty
/ 5rRIEltI; `rRIEltI/ n  1 [U] royal person or people 王室成员; 王族: in the presence of royalty 在御前 * a shop patronized by royalty 王族成员光顾的商店.  2 [U] being a member of a royal family 王室成员的身分:the duties of royalty 王室成员的责任.  3 [C] (a) sum paid to the owner of a copyright or patent, eg to an author for each copy of his book sold 版税; 专利权使用费. (b) sum paid by a mining or oil company to the owner of the land being mined, etc （矿业或石油公司付给土地所有者的）矿区使用费: oil royalties 石油开采地使用费.
rpm
/ 9B: pi: 5em; 9Br pi `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = revolutions per minute (esp as a measure of engine speed) 每分钟的转数（尤指发动机的）: 2500 rpm 2500转/分.
RRP
/ 9B:r B: 5pi:; 9Br Br `pi/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) recommended retail price 建议零售价格: RRP 35.00, our price 29.95, eg in a sales catalogue. 建议零售价格为 35.00 英镑, 本公司实际售价为 29.95 英镑（如商品目录表所载的）.
RSA
/ 9B:r es 5eI; 9Br Zs `e/ abbr 缩写 = Republic of South Africa 南非共和国.
RSC
/ 9B:r es 5si:; 9Br Zs `si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Shakespeare Company 皇家莎士比亚剧团: an RSC production 皇家莎士比亚剧团演出.
RSM
/ 9B:r es 5em; 9Br Zs `Zm/ abbr 缩写 =  1 Regimental Sergeant-Major 准尉.  2 Royal School of Music 皇家音乐学校.
RSPB
/ 9B:r es pi: 5bi:; 9Br Zs pi `bi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 皇家鸟类保护协会.
RSPCA
/ 9B:r es 9pi: si: 5eI; 9Br Zs 9pi si `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 皇家防止虐待动物协会.
RSV
/ 9B:r es 5vi:; 9Br Zs `vi/ abbr 缩写 = Revised Standard Version (of the Bible) 《圣经》修订标准本.
RSVP
/ 9B:r es vi: 5pi:; 9Br Zs vi `pi/ abbr 缩写 = (esp on invitations) please reply (French repondez s'il vous plait) （尤用於请柬）请赐覆（源自法文 repondez s'il vous plait）.
Rt Hon
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Right Honourable: (the) Rt Hon Richard Scott 理查德·斯科特阁下. Cf 参看 Hon 2.
Rt Rev (also Rt Revd) 
abbr 缩写 = Right Reverend: (the) Rt Rev George Hill 乔治·希尔主教大人. Cf 参看 Rev.
RU
abbr 缩写 = Rugby Union 橄榄球联合会.
rub
/ rQb; rQb/ v (-bb-)  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) press against (a surface) with a to-and-fro sliding movement （用某物）擦, 磨, 揉, 搓（另一物）: If you keep rubbing, the paint will come off. 你再多擦擦颜色就能掉了. * He rubbed his chin thoughtfully. 他抚摩著下巴, 陷入沉思. * rub the glass (with a cloth) （用布）擦玻璃 * rubbing his hands together （他）搓著手.  2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] apply (sth) in this way 搽上、 抹上或涂上（某物）: Rub the lotion on(to the skin). （在皮肤上）搽上涂剂. (b) [Tn.pr] move (one's hand, etc) in this way 用（手等）擦, 抹, 抚摩, 按摩: He rubbed his palm across his forehead. 他用手掌揉了揉前额.  3 (a) [Cn.a] cause (sth) to reach the specified condition by rubbing 用擦、 磨等方法使（某物）达到某种状况: rub the surface smooth, clean, dry, etc (with a cloth) （用布）把表面擦光、 净、 乾等. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth make (a hole, etc) in sth by rubbing 在某物上磨出（洞等）: rub a bald patch in one's trousers 裤子上磨出一片斑痕.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/against sth) be pressed (against sth) and sliding about on it （与某物）摩擦: The heel of my shoe keeps rubbing, ie against the heel of my foot. 我的鞋後跟磨脚. * The wheel's rubbing on the mudguard. 车轮蹭著了挡泥板.  5 (idm 习语) rub sb's `nose in it (infml derog 口, 贬) remind sb cruelly of their past mistakes, etc 无情地提及某人已往的错误等. rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds make a painful experience even more painful for sb 在某人的伤口上撒盐（给某人增加痛苦）; 给某人雪上加霜. rub shoulders with sb meet sb socially or professionally 与某人作社交上或职业上的来往: In his job he's rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time. 他在工作中一直与电影明星有来往. rub sb up the wrong `way (infml 口) annoy sb 惹恼某人.  6 (phr v) rub along (infml 口) (of a person) manage without too much difficulty （指人）（生活等）勉强过得去. rub along with sb/together (infml 口) (of two or more people) live together in a reasonably friendly way （指人）相处得还不错.
rub (sb/oneself/sth) down 
rub (sb/oneself/a horse, etc) vigorously with eg a towel to make the skin dry and clean （用毛巾等）将（某人[自己/马匹]等）用力擦乾净: The players paused to rub (themselves) down between games. 运动员在比赛中间休息时擦汗. rub sth down make sth smooth or level by rubbing 磨光或磨平某物: Rub the walls down well before painting them. 先把墙面打磨光滑再粉刷.
rub sth in/into sth 
force (ointment, etc) into sth by rubbing 将（油膏等）揉搓进某物中: Rub the cream in well. 搽上乳膏後揉匀. rub it in emphasize or remind sb constantly of an unpleasant fact 不断地向某人提及令人不快的事: I know I made a mistake but there's no need to rub it in. 我知道自己做了错事, 可也不必老提这个.
rub (sth) off 
(sth) (cause sth to) be removed from (a surface) by rubbing （将某物）擦掉: Rub the mud off your trousers. 把你裤子上的泥擦掉. * Who's rubbed my figures off the blackboard? 谁把我写在黑板上的数字擦掉了? * These stains won't rub off. 这些污迹擦不掉. rub off (on/onto sb) be transferred (to sb) as a result of sb else's example 从他人的榜样中汲取到...: Let's hope some of her patience rubs off on her brother. 希望她的弟弟也能有点她那样的耐性.
rub sb out 
(US sl 俚) murder sb 谋杀某人. rub (sth) out (cause sth, esp pencil marks, to) be removed by using a rubber1(2) 用橡皮擦掉（某物, 尤指铅笔痕迹等）: rub out a mistake, figure, drawing 用橡皮把一错处、 数字、 图画擦掉 * I can't get it to rub out. 我用橡皮擦不掉它.
rub sth up 
polish sth by rubbing 将某物擦亮. rub up against sb (infml 口) meet sb by chance 偶然遇到某人.
rubbing 
n impression of sth, eg a brass decoration on a grave, made by rubbing paper laid over it with wax, chalk or charcoal 摹拓; 拓印.
rub
/ rQb; rQb/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act or process of rubbing 擦; 磨; 摩擦: Give the spoons a good rub to get them clean. 把这些匙擦乾净.  2 the rub [sing] (dated 旧) difficulty or drawback (used esp in the expressions shown) 困难, 障碍（尤用於以下示例）: There's the rub/Therein lies the rub. 难就难在这里.
rubber
/ 5rQbE(r); `rQbL/ n  1 [U] tough elastic substance made from the milky juice of certain tropical plants, or synthetically 橡胶; 合成橡胶: an electric cable insulated with rubber 用橡胶作绝缘材料的电缆 * [attrib 作定语] a pair of rubber gloves 一副橡皮手套 * rubber car tyres 橡胶汽车轮胎.  2 [C] (Brit) (also esp US eraser) (a) piece of this or some other substance for rubbing out pencil or ink marks （擦铅笔或墨水痕迹的）橡皮: a pencil with a rubber on the end 一端带橡皮的铅笔. (b) piece of material for rubbing out chalk marks on ablackboard 黑板擦.  3 [C] (infml 口 esp US) contraceptive sheath; condom 避孕套; 阴茎套.  4 rubbers [pl] (esp US) waterproof rubber coverings worn over the shoes; galoshes （防水的）橡胶套鞋.
rubberize, rubberise 
/ 5rQbEraIz; `rQbE9rBIz/ v [Tn] treat or coat (sth) with rubber 用橡胶处理（某物）; 在（某物）上覆上橡胶: rubberized material 覆有橡胶层的材料.
rubbery 
/ 5rQbErI; `rQbErI/ adj like rubber in consistency or texture 似橡胶的: chewing a rubbery piece of meat 嚼著一块嚼不烂的肉.
rubber band (also elastic band, US elastic) 
loop of rubber used for holding things together 橡皮筋; 橡皮圈: a pack of cards with a rubber band round them 用橡皮筋捆著的一副纸牌.
rubber goods 
(euph 婉) contraceptive devices and sexual aids 避孕用具及性生活辅助用具.
rubber plant 
type of plant with thick shiny green leaves, often grown indoors for decoration 橡胶植物（叶厚而有光泽, 常作室内盆栽）.
rubber stamp  
1 small device for printing dates, signatures, etc on a surface by hand 橡皮图章.  2 (fig 比喻) person or group that automatically gives approval to the actions or decisions of others 机械地赞同他人的行动或决定的人或团体. 
rubber-stamp 
v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) approve (sth) automatically and without proper consideration 未经适当考虑便机械地赞同（某事物）.
rubber
/ 5rQbE(r); `rQbL/ n match of (the best of) three games at bridge, whist, etc （桥牌、 惠斯特等牌戏的）（三局两胜的）比赛: Let's play another rubber. 咱们再赛个三局两胜吧. * We can win the rubber 2 games to nil or 2-1. 我们可以以2比零或2比1赢得这三局两胜的比赛.
rubber-neck
/ 5rQbEnek; `rQbL9nZk/ v [I] (US sl derog 俚, 贬) stare or gape inquisitively （好奇地）注视, 张望.
rubber-neck 
n person who does this, esp a tourist or sightseer （好奇地）东张西望的人（尤指旅游者或观光者）.
rubbish
/ 5rQbIF; `rQbIF/ n [U]  1 waste or worthless material 垃圾; 废物: The dustmen haven't collected the rubbish yet. 清洁工人还没把垃圾收走. * [attrib 作定语] a `rubbish dump/heap/tip 垃圾场[堆/倾倒处] * a `rubbish bin 垃圾箱.  2 (derog 贬) (often used as an interj 常用作感叹语) worthless ideas, etc; nonsense 无聊的想法等; 胡说: His book is (a load of) rubbish. 他的书简直是废话（连篇）. * Don't talk rubbish! 别胡说八道! * What he says is all rubbish. 他满口胡言.
rubbish 
v [Tn] (Brit or Austral sl 英或澳, 俚) criticize (sb/sth) contemptuously; treat as worthless 贬损（某人[某事物]）; 把...看得一文不值: The film was rubbished by the critics. 影评家把这部影片贬得一无是处. * She is often accused of rubbishing her opponents. 她经常因诋毁对手而受到指责.
rubbishy 
adj (infml 口) worthless 毫无价值的.
rubble
/ 5rQbl; `rQbl/ n [U] bits of broken stone, rock or bricks 碎石; 碎砖: a road built on a foundation of rubble 用碎石做路基修筑的道路 * The explosion reduced the building to (a pile of) rubble, ie totally demolished it. 那次爆炸把那建筑物毁成（一堆）瓦砾.
rubella
/ ru:5belE; ru`bZlE/ n [U] (medical 医) = German measles (German).
Rubicon
/ 5ru:bIkEn; ?@ -kCn; `rubI9kBn/ n (idm 习语) cross the Rubicon => cross2.
rubicund
/ 5ru:bIkEnd; `rubE9kQnd/ adj (fml 文) (of a person's complexion) red; ruddy （指人的肤色）发红的, 红润的: fat rubicund cheeks 丰满红润的脸颊.
rubric
/ 5ru:brIk; `rubrIk/ n [C] words put as a heading, esp to show or explain how sth should be done, etc 标题（尤指提示或说明做法等的）.
ruby
/ 5ru:bI; `rubI/ n  1 [C] type of red jewel 红宝石: [attrib 作定语] ruby red 红宝石色.  2 [U] colour of a ruby; deep red 红宝石的颜色; 深红色.
ruby 
adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] deep red 深红色的: ruby lips 深红色的嘴唇.
ruby wedding 
40th anniversary of a wedding 红宝石婚（结婚40周年纪念）.
RUC
/ 9B: ju: 5si:; 9Br ju `si/ abbr 缩写 = Royal Ulster Constabulary 北爱尔兰皇家警察.
ruche
/ ru:F; ruF/ n gathered trimming on a garment, etc 褶饰; 褶边.
ruched 
/ ru:Ft; ruFt/ adj trimmed with gathered material (eg lace) 用褶饰材料（如花边）装饰的; 有褶边的: a dress with ruched sleeves 袖子上有褶饰花边的连衣裙.
ruck
/ rQk; rQk/ n  1 [C] (sport 体) (a) (Brit) (in Rugby football) loose scrum with the ball on the ground （橄榄球）自由密集争球. (b) disorganized group (of players, competitors, etc) （运动员、 竞赛者等的）散乱的一群.  2 the ruck [sing] ordinary commonplace people or things 普通人; 寻常事物: He was eager to get out of the (common) ruck and distinguish himself in some way. 他渴望出人头地, 在某方面与众不同.
ruck
/ rQk; rQk/ n irregular unintentional fold or crease (esp in cloth) （非有意形成的）皱, 褶（尤指布上的）: smooth out the rucks in the bedclothes 把床单上的褶子弄平.
ruck 
v (phr v) ruck up form rucks 起皱; 起褶: Thesheets on my bed have rucked up. 我床上的床单有褶子了.
rucksack
/ 5rQksAk; `rQk9sAk/ (also knapsack, US also `backpack) n bag strapped to the back from the shoulders, used by hikers, climbers, etc 背包（远足者、 登山者等用的）. =>illus at luggage 见luggage插图. Cf 参看 haversack.
ruckus
/ 5rQkEs; `rQkEs/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口 esp US) noisy disturbance; uproar 吵闹; 争吵: cause a ruckus 引起争吵.
ructions
/ 5rQkFnz; `rQkFEnz/ n [pl] (infml 口) angry protests; noisy argument 愤怒的抗议; 争吵; 吵架: There'll be ructions if you don't do as you're told. 你要是不照办就要吵架了.
rudder
/ 5rQdE(r); `rQdL/ n (a) broad flat piece of wood or metal hinged vertically at the stern of a boat or ship, used for steering （船的）舵. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. (b) similar piece of metal on the rear of an aircraft, for the same purpose （飞机的）方向舵. =>illus at aircraft 见 aircraft 插图.
ruddy
/ 5rQdI; `rQdI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (approv 褒) (of a person's face) having a fresh healthy colour （指人的脸）红润的, 气色好的: ruddy cheeks 红润的脸颊.  2 reddish 发红的; 淡红色的: a ruddy glow in the sky 天空的红光. 
ruddily 
adv. 
ruddiness 
n [U].
ruddy
/ 5rQdI; `rQdI/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv (Brit sl euph 俚, 婉) bloody2; damned 极度的; 该死的: What the ruddy hell are you doing? 你到底在搞什麽鬼? * He's a ruddy idiot. 他是个大傻瓜. * I work ruddy hard. 我非常努力.
rude
/ ru:d; rud/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (of a person or his behaviour) showing no respect or consideration; impolite （指人或人的行为）粗鲁的, 粗野的, 无礼的: He's very rude/a very rude man. 他这人非常粗野. * It's rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话是不礼貌的. * What a rude reply! 多麽粗鲁无礼的回答!  2 (euph 婉) (of a story, etc) slightly indecent; risque （指故事等）近乎下流的, 有伤风化的: a rather rude joke 颇为粗鄙的笑话.  3 [attrib 作定语] primitive; simple 原始的; 简单的: rude stone implements 原始的石制工具.  4 [attrib 作定语] violent; startling; abrupt 狂暴的; 惊人的; 突然的: a rude awakening to the realities of life 突然觉醒而回到现实生活中来 * a rude reminder of the danger they were in 使他们突然觉察到所处的危险之事.  5 (idm 习语) in rude `health (fml or rhet 文或修辞) vigorously healthy 十分健壮的.
rudely 
adv  1 impolitely 无礼地; 粗暴地: behave rudely 举动无礼.  2 in a primitive manner 原始地; 简单地: rudely-fashioned weapons 原始式的武器.  3 roughly; abruptly 粗暴地; 突然地: rudely awakened by screams and shouts 突然被尖叫声和呼喊声惊醒.
rudeness 
n [U].
rudiment
/ 5ru:dImEnt; `rudEmEnt/ n  1 rudiments [pl] ~s (of sth) (a) basic or elementary principles (of a subject) （某一学科的）基础, 基本原理: master the rudiments of economics 精通经济学的基本原理. (b) imperfect beginning of sth that is not yet fully developed 初级形态: working on the rudiments of a new idea 研究一种新思想的萌芽.  2 [C] part or organ that is incompletely developed 未充分发展的部分; 发育不成熟的器官: the rudiment(s) of a tail 未完全发育的尾巴.
rudimentary 
/ 9ru:dI5mentrI; 9rudE`mZntrI/ adj  1 existing in an imperfect or undeveloped form 未充分发展的; 发育不成熟的; 退化的: Some breeds of dog have only rudimentary tails. 有些品种的狗尾巴只有退化的部分.  2 (derog 贬) elementary; (not more than) basic 初步的; （充其量）基本的: I have only a rudimentary grasp of physics. 我对物理学仅有初步的了解.
rue
/ ru:; ru/ n [U] type of evergreen shrub with bitter leaves formerly used in medicine 芸香（常绿灌木, 叶味苦, 旧时用以入药）.
rue
/ ru:; ru/ v (pres p rueing or  ruing, pt, pp rued) [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) repent or regret (sth) (used esp in the expressions shown) 对（某事物）感到懊悔（尤用於以下示例）: You'll live to rue it, ie You will regret it one day. 总有一天你得後悔. * He's rueing the day he joined the Army! 他後悔参了军!
rueful 
/ 5ru:fl; `rufEl/ adj showing or feeling good-humoured regret 表示或感到後悔的（但很看得开）: a rueful smile 抱憾的微笑. 
ruefully 
/ 5ru:fElI; `rufElI/ adv. 
ruefulness 
n [U].
ruff
/ rQf; rQf/ n  1 ring of differently coloured or marked feathers or fur round the neck of a bird or animal 鸟兽颈部的羽或毛形成的彩环.  2 wide stiff frill worn as a collar, esp in the 16th century 飞边（宽而硬的皱领, 16世纪尤为流行）.
ruff
/ rQf; rQf/ v [I, Tn] trump (a card or a player) in a card-game （纸牌戏中）打出王牌胜（另一牌或他家）.
ruffian
/ 5rQfIEn; `rQfIEn/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) violent lawless man 无法无天的暴徒; 恶棍: a gang of ruffians 一帮暴徒.
ruffle
/ 5rQfl; `rQfl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) disturb the smoothness or evenness of sth 弄皱或弄乱某物: a breeze ruffling the surface of the lake 吹皱了湖面的微风 * Don't ruffle my hair, I've just combed it. 别把我的头发弄乱了, 我刚刚梳好了的. * The bird ruffled up its feathers. 那只鸟竖起了羽毛.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] upset the calmness or even temper of (sb); disconcert 扰乱（某人）的情绪; 激怒（某人）: Anne is easily ruffled by awkward questions. 安妮遇到难堪的问题很容易发脾气.  3 (idm 习语) ruffle sb's `feathers (infml 口) annoy sb 惹某人生气. smooth sb's ruffled feathers => smooth2.
ruffle 
n strip of material gathered into a frill and used to ornament a garment, esp at the wrist or neck 褶饰, 花边（尤用於袖口或衣领）.
rug
/ rQg; rQ^/ n  1 thick floor-mat (usu smaller than a carpet) 厚地毯（通常比carpet小）: a `hearth-rug 壁炉前的小地毯.  2 piece of thick warm fabric used as a blanket or covering 厚毯子: a `travelling-rug, ie for covering a passenger's knees in a car, etc 旅行毯（乘坐汽车等时, 盖住膝部的）.  3 (idm 习语) pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. snug as a bug in a rug => snug.
Rugby
/ 5rQgbI; `rQ^bI/ n [U] (also ,Rugby `football) form of football played with an oval ball which may be kicked or carried （英式）橄榄球（运动）: [attrib 作定语] a Rugby ball, club, match, player 橄榄球的球、 俱乐部、 比赛、 运动员. =>App 4 见附录4.
Rugby League 
partly professional form of Rugby, with 13 players in a team 联盟橄榄球（半职业性质, 每队13人）.
Rugby Union 
amateur form of Rugby, with 15 players in a team 联合会橄榄球（业余性质, 每队15人）.
rugged
/ 5rQgId; `rQ^Id/ adj  1 rough; uneven; rocky 粗糙的; 不平的; 多岩石的: a rugged coastline 多岩石的海岸线 * rugged country 地势起伏的地区.  2 (esp approv 尤作褒义) sturdy; robust; tough(-looking) 强健的; 结实的; （看上去）坚强的: a rugged player 强健的运动员 * a car famous for its rugged qualities 以坚固耐用驰名的汽车 * a rugged face 健康的脸 * rugged features 刚毅的相貌.  3 not refined or gentle 粗野的; 不文雅的: a rugged individualist 无教养只顾自己的人 * rugged manners 粗鲁的举止. 
ruggedly 
adv. 
ruggedness 
n [U].
rugger
/ 5rQgE(r); `rQ^L/ n [U] (infml 口 esp Brit) Rugby (esp Rugby Union) football （英式）橄榄球（运动）（尤指联合会橄榄球）.
ruin
/ 5ru:In; `ruIn/ n  1 [U] severe damage or destruction 毁坏; 毁灭; 灭亡: a city reduced to a state of ruin by war 由於战争而遭到严重破坏的城市 * The news meant the ruin of all our hopes. 这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了.  2 [U] (a) complete loss of all one's money, resources or prospects （金钱、 资财的）完全丧失; （前途的）断送: Ruin was staring her in the face. 她眼看就要倾家荡产了. * brought to ruin by drugs 因吸毒而断送了前程. (b) cause of this 毁灭、 破产等的原因; 祸根: Gambling was his ruin. 他堕落是因为好赌.  3 [U] state of being decayed, collapsed or destroyed 破败、 坍塌或毁坏的状态: The castle has fallen into ruin. 那城堡已破败不堪.  4 [C] remains of sth that has decayed or collapsed or been destroyed 破败、 坍塌或毁坏之残余物; 废墟: The abbey is now a ruin. 那修道院现已成废墟. * the ruins of Pompeii 庞贝城的遗迹.  5 (idm 习语) go to rack and ruin => rack3. in `ruins in a severely damaged or decayed condition 严重受损; 破败不堪: An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 那次地震过後, 全城到处是颓垣断壁. * His career is/lies in ruins. 他已前途尽毁.
ruin 
v [Tn]  1 cause the destruction of (sth/sb) 毁坏, 毁灭（某事物[某人]）: He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途. * The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼. * He's a ruined man, ie has lost all his money, prospects, etc. 他已不名一文（损失了全部钱财、 断送了前途等）. * a ruined building 毁坏的建筑物.  2 (infml 口) spoil (sth/sb) 毁坏, 损害（某事物[某人]）: The island has been ruined by tourism. 该岛毁在旅游业上了. * It poured with rain and my dress got/was ruined. 大雨倾盆, 我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了. * You're ruining that child, eg by being too indulgent. 你把孩子宠坏了.
ruination 
/ 9ru:I5neIFn; 9ruIn`eFEn/ n [U] (cause of) being ruined 损害, 毁坏（的起因）; 祸根: Late frosts are ruination for the garden. 晚霜能冻死园中的植物. * You'll be the ruination of me! 你早晚得把我毁了!
ruinous 
/ 5ru:InEs; `ruInEs/ adj bringing (esp financial) ruin 带来巨大损失的（尤指财务上）: ruinous expenditure 倾家荡产的花费 * (joc 谑) The prices in that restaurant are absolutely ruinous. 那家饭馆的价钱贵得能把人坑死. ruinously adv: a ruinously expensive meal, restaurant, coat 价钱贵得令人咋舌的饭食、 餐馆、 大衣.
rule
/ ru:l; rul/ n  1 [C] statement of what can, should or must be done in certain circumstances or when playing a game 规则; 规章; 规定; 条例: The rule is that someone must be on duty at all times. 按照规定, 任何时候均需有人值班. * the rules of the game 游戏规则 * rules and regulations 规章制度.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] usual practice or habit; normal state of things 惯常的做法;习惯: My rule is to get up at seven every day. 我习惯每天七点起床. * He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他无论如何也不向别人借钱. * She made a rule of eating an apple a day. 她每天一定要吃一个苹果. * Cold winters here are the exception rather than the rule, ie are comparatively rare. 这里冬天很少有冷的时候.  3 [U] authority; government 统治; 管理: the rule of law 法治 * majority rule 多数裁定原则 * a country formerly under French rule 以前由法国统治的国家 * mob rule, ie the state that exists when a mob takes control 暴民统治.  4 [C] straight measuring device, often jointed, used by carpenters, etc （木工等用的）尺, （常指）摺尺.  5 [C] (usu straight) line drawn by hand or printed （通常指直的）线条（手画的或印刷的）.  6 (idm 习语) as a (general) `rule (fml 文) in most cases; usually 在多数情况下; 通常: As a rule I'm home by six. 我通常六点钟到家. bend the rules => bend1. the exception proves the rule => exception. a rule of `thumb rough practical method of assessing or measuring sth, usu based on past experience rather than on exact measurement, etc (and therefore not completely reliable in every case or in every detail) （对事物）粗略但实用的估计方法（通常指凭经验而不作精确的计量等, 故并非时时处处均可靠）: As a rule of thumb, you should cook a chicken for 20 minutes for each pound that it weighs. 凭经验估计, 每磅鸡肉应烹调20分钟. rule(s) of the `road rules regulating the movement of vehicles, ships, etc when meeting or passing each other 交通规则. work to `rule follow the rules of one's occupation with excessive strictness in order to cause delay, as a form of industrial protest 照章工作（以严格遵守规章为名而行怠工之实的抗议形式）.
rule 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (over sb/sth) govern (sb/sth); have authority (over) 统治（某人[某事物]）; 管理: She once ruled over a vast empire. 她曾统治过一个版图辽阔的帝国. * Charles I ruled (England) for eleven years. 查理一世统治了（英国）十一年.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] have power or influence over (sb, sb's feelings, etc); dominate 控制或影响（某人、 某人的感情等）; 支配; 操纵: Don't allow yourself to be ruled by emotion. 不要感情用事. * She let her heart rule her head, ie acted according to her emotions, rather than sensibly. 她感情超越了理智（以感情而不以理智支配行动）.  3 [Ipr, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] give a decision as a judge or as some other authority 作出裁决或裁定: rule in favour of the plaintiff 判原告胜诉 * The chairman ruled that the question was out of order/ruled the speaker out of order. 主席裁定该问题不合议事规则[裁定该发言者违反了议事规则]. * The court ruled the action to be illegal. 法庭判定该项行动非法.  4 [Tn] draw (a line) using a ruler, etc; mark parallel lines on (writing-paper, etc) 用尺等画（线）; 在（书写纸等）上画平行线: Do you want ruled paper or plain? 你要有格的纸还是白纸?  5 (idm 习语) rule the `roost be the dominant person in a group 为首; 主宰. rule (sb/sth) with a rod of `iron/with an iron hand govern (a group of people, a country, etc) very harshly 以高压手段[铁腕]统治（人群、 国家等）.  6 (phr v) rule sth off (from sth) separate sth from everything else by drawing a line below it, round it, etc 在下面、 周围等处画线将某部分隔开: rule the photographs off from the text 画线把照片与文字隔开. rule sb/sth out (as sth) exclude sb/sth (as irrelevant, ineligible, etc) 排除某人[某事物]（因其无关、 不合格等）: That possibility can't be ruled out, ie It must continue to be considered. 不能排除这种可能性（有待继续研究）. * He was ruled out as a possible candidate. 他已经没有可能成为候选人.
ruler
/ 5ru:lE(r); `rulL/ n  1 person who rules or governs 统治者; 主宰者.  2 straight strip of wood, plastic, metal, etc used for measuring or for drawing straight lines 尺; 直尺.
ruling
/ 5ru:lIN; `rulIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] that rules; prevalent; dominant 统治的; 占主导地位的; 居支配地位的: the ruling class, party, faction, etc 统治阶级、 执政党、 居支配地位的派别 * His ruling passion was ambition. 他一心要实现自己的抱负.
ruling 
n decision made by a judge or by some otherauthority 裁决; 裁定; 判决: When will the committee give/make its ruling? 委员会什麽时候做出裁决?
rum
/ rQm; rQm/ n [U]  1 strong alcoholic drink distilled from sugar-cane juice 朗姆酒（用甘蔗汁蒸馏制成）.  2 (US) any type of alcoholic liquor 酒.
rum
/ rQm; rQm/ adj (-mmer, -mmest) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) peculiar; odd 古怪的; 奇特的: He's a rum character. 他这个人真古怪.
rumba
/ 5rQmbE; `rQmbE/ n (piece of music for a) type of ballroom dance that originated in Cuba 伦巴舞（一种交际舞, 起源於古巴）; 伦巴舞曲: dance/do the rumba 跳伦巴舞.
rumble
/ 5rQmbl; `rQmbl/ v (a) [I] make a deep heavy continuous sound 发出持续的低沉的声音: thunder rumbling in the distance 远方发出的隆隆雷声 * I'm so hungry that my stomach's rumbling. 我饿得肚子咕咕叫. (b) [Ipr, Ip] move (in the specified direction) making such a sound 发著低沉声音（沿某方向）行进: trams rumbling through the streets 发著辘辘声驶过大街的电车.
rumble 
n  1 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] rumbling sound 低沉而连续的声音: the rumble of drums 咚咚的鼓声.  2 [C] (US sl 俚) street fight between gangs （在街上）打群架.
rumble
/ 5rQmbl; `rQmbl/ v [Tn] (Brit sl 俚) detect the true character of (sb/sth); see through (a deception) 察觉（某人[某事物]）的真实性质; 看穿（诡计）: He looks suspicious  do you think he's rumbled us/what we're up to? 他好像起了疑心--你觉得他看穿我们[我们要干的事]了吗?
rumbustious
/ rQm5bQstIEs; rQm`bQstFEs/ (also esp US rambunctious) adj (infml 口) cheerful in a noisy energetic way; boisterous 热闹的; 闹得欢的.
ruminant
/ 5ru:mInEnt; `rumEnEnt/ n, adj (animal) that chews the cud, eg a cow 反刍的; 反刍动物（如牛）.
ruminate
/ 5ru:mIneIt; `rumE9net/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/on/over sth) think deeply; meditate; ponder 深思; 沉思; 思索: ruminating on recent events 思考最近发生的事.  2 [I] (of animals) chew the cud （指动物）反刍.
rumination 
/ 9ru:mI5neIFn; 9rumE`neFEn/ n [U].
ruminative 
/ 5ru:mInEtIv; ?@ -neItIv; `rumE9netIv/ adj inclined to meditate; thoughtful 好沉思的; 思考的: in a ruminative mood 在冥思苦索中. 
ruminatively 
adv: gazing ruminatively out of the window 若有所思地凝视著窗外.
rummage
/ 5rQmIdV; `rQmIdV/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (among/in/through sth) (for sth); ~ (about/around) turn things over or disarrange them while searching for sth 翻找或搜寻某物: rummaging through (the contents of) a drawer for a pair of socks 在抽屉里（的东西中）翻找一双袜子 * rummage around in the attic 在顶楼上到处寻找.
rummage 
n search of this kind 翻找; 搜寻: have a good rummage around 到处翻遍.
rummage sale 
= jumble sale (jumble).
rummy
/ 5rQmI; `rQmI/ n [U] any of various types of simple card-game in which players try to form sets or sequences of cards 拉米纸牌戏（玩法是组成套牌或顺牌）.
rumour (US rumor) 
/ 5ru:mE(r); `rumL/ n [C, U] (instance of) information spread by being talked about but not certainly true 传说; 传闻; 谣言: Rumour has it (ie says) that he was fired. 据说他给解雇了. * There are rumours of an impending merger. 有谣传说是快要合并了. * I heard a rumour (that) he was leaving. 我听人说他要走了.
rumoured (US rumored) 
adj reported as a rumour 传说的; 谣传的: They bought the house at a rumoured price of 200000. 他们据说是以 200000 英镑的价格购置的那所房子. * It's rumoured that she's going to resign/She is rumoured to be on the point of resigning. 听说她打算辞职[听说她就要辞职了].
rump
/ rQmp; rQmp/ n  1 [C] (a) animal's buttocks; tail-end of a bird （兽的）臀部; （鸟的）尾梢, 尾端. (b) (joc 谑) person's bottom （人的）屁股.  2 [C, U] (also ,rump `steak) (piece of) beef cut from near the rump 臀肉牛排.  3 [C] (derog 贬) small or insignificant remnant (of a larger group) 少量的或无足轻重的残余部分: The election reduced the Party to a rump. 这次选举後该党已沦为微不足道的少数党.
rumple
/ 5rQmpl; `rQmpl/ v [Tn] make (sth) creased or untidy; crumple 弄皱或弄乱（某物）; 使起皱纹: rumple one's clothes, hair 弄皱衣服、 弄乱头发
rumpus
/ 5rQmpEs; `rQmpEs/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) disturbance; noise; uproar 骚乱; 喧闹; 喧嚣: kick up/make/cause/create a rumpus 激起[制造/引起/产生]骚乱.
rumpus room 
(US dated 旧) room in a private house (often in the basement) used esp for games, parties, etc; recreation room （私人住宅的）游艺室（常设於地下室）; 娱乐室.
run
/ rQn; rQn/ v (-nn-; pt ran / rn; rAn/, pp run)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all the feet on the ground at the same time 跑; 奔跑: He cannot run because he has a weak heart. 他有心脏病, 不能跑. * Can you run fast? 你跑得快吗? * They turned and ran (ie in order to escape) when they saw he had a gun. 他们看见他有枪, 转身就跑. * She ran/came running to meet us. 她跑著来接我们. * I had to run to catch the bus. 我得赶快跑, 好赶上公共汽车. * She ran out (of the house) to see what was happening. 她（从房子里）跑出去, 看看出了什麽事. * The boys ran off as soon as we appeared. 我们一来, 孩子就都跑了. * He ran home in tears to his mother. 他流著泪跑回家去找妈妈. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (a) [Tn] cover (the specified distance) by running 跑（一段距离）: Who was the first man to run a mile in under four minutes? 谁第一个在四分钟以内跑完了一英里? (b) [I, Tn] (in cricket) score (a run or runs) by running between the wickets （板球）击球跑动得（分）: run a quick single 击球後快跑得到1分 * The batsmen ran two. 击球员得了两分.  3 (a) [I] practise running as a sport 跑步锻炼; 跑步运动: You're very unfit; you ought to take up running. 你身体很弱, 应该练练跑步. * She used to run when she was at college. 她上大学时经常练跑步. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (in sth) take part or compete in (a running race) （参加）赛跑: Aouita will be running (in the 1500 metres) tonight. 奥依塔今晚参加（1500米）赛跑. * run the mile 参加一英里赛跑 * Cram ran a fine race to take the gold medal. 克拉姆在赛跑中成绩突出夺得金牌. (c) [Tn] cause (a horse or dog) to take part in a race 使（马或狗）参加赛跑: run two horses in the Derby 让两匹马参加德比马赛. (d) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (a race) to take place 举行（赛跑）: The Grand National will be run in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 一年一度的全国大马赛仍将举行.  4 [Ipr, Ip] go quickly or hurry to the specified place or in the specified direction 迅速地或急迫地前往某处: run across to a neighbour's house to borrow some sugar 急忙到邻居家去借些糖 * I've been running around (town) all morning looking for Christmas presents. 我（在城里）跑了一上午寻购圣诞节礼物.  5 [Ipr] move forward smoothly or easily, esp on wheels 平稳地或不很费力地向前移动（尤指用轮）: Trains run on rails. 火车在轨道上行驶. * Sledges run well over frozen snow. 雪橇在冻硬了的雪上顺利滑行.  6 [Ipr, Ip] (of a ship or its crew) sail or steer in the specified direction （指船）行驶; （指船员）驾船航行: We ran into port for supplies. 我们驶进港口装补给品. * The ship ran aground. 船搁浅了.  7 (a) [I, Ipr] (of buses, ferries, trains, etc) travel to and fro on a particular route （指公共汽车、 渡船、 火车等）（沿规定路线）往来行驶: Buses to Oxford run every half hour. 去牛津的公共汽车每半小时开一班. * The trains don't run on Christmas Day. 圣诞节火车停驶. * There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton. 伦敦与布莱顿之间火车班次很多. (b) [Tn] cause (buses, trains, etc) to be in service 使（公共汽车、 火车等）运营: London Transport run extra trains during the rush-hour. 伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时 间增开加班列车.  8 [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] drive (sb) to a place in a car 开车至某处; 开车送（某人）: It's a lovely sunny day; why don't we run down to the coast? 天气多好哇, 咱们何不开车到海边玩玩? * Can I run you (ie give you a lift) to the station? 我开车送你去车站好吗?  9 (a) [Ipr] move, esp quickly, in the specified direction 向某方向移动（尤指快速）: The lorry ran down the hill out of control. 卡车失去控制直往山下冲去. * The car ran off the road into a ditch. 汽车驶离道路跌进沟中. * The ball ran (ie rolled) to the boundary. 球向著边线滚去. * Her eyes ran critically over her friend's new dress. 她以挑剔的眼光打量朋友的新连衣裙. * A shiver ran down her spine. 她浑身哆嗦了一下. (b) [Tn.pr] cause (sth) to move in the specified direction 使（某物）向某方向移动: She ran her fingers nervously through her hair. 她紧张地用手指拢著头发. * She ran her fingers lightly over the keys of the piano. 她用手指轻轻地弹著钢琴. * He ran his eyes over the page. 他把这一页看了一遍.  10 [Tn, Tn.pr] bring or take (sth) into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle 非法地秘密运送或携带（某物）进入某国; 走私: He used to run guns across the border. 他过去经常偷运枪枝过境. * run contraband goods/liquor into a country 走私违禁物品[偷运私酒]进入某国. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle.  11 [I] (of salmon) move up a river in large numbers from the sea （指鲑鱼）洄游: The salmon are running. 鲑鱼正在洄游.  12 [Ipr] (of plants) grow or spread in the specified direction （指植物）蔓生: Ivy ran over the walls of the cottage. 村舍的墙壁上爬满了常春藤.  13 [Ipr] extend in the specified direction 伸展; 延伸: A fence runs round the whole field. 有一道篱笆围著这一整块地. * The road runs parallel to the railway. 这条公路与铁路平行. * He has a scar running across his left cheek. 他左脸上有一道很长的疤痕.  14 [Ipr] ~ (for...) continue for the specified period of time without stopping 持续; 延续: The play ran (ie was performed regularly) for six months on Broadway. 这出戏在百老汇连续演了半年. * Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. 英国选举活动持续三周.  15 [Ipr] operate or be valid for the specified period of time （在一定期限内）起作用, 有效: The lease on my house has only a year to run. 我那房子的租期只有一年了.  16 [I] (of a story, an argument, etc) have the specified wording, content, etc （指叙述、 陈述等）有某样言词、 内容等: The story runs that she poisoned her husband/She poisoned her husband, or so the story runs. 据报道说, 她把丈夫毒死了. * `Ten shot dead by gunmen,' ran the newspaper headline. 报纸标题为｀枪手击毙十人＇.  17 (a) [Ipr] (of a liquid) flow （指液体）流动: The River Rhine runs into the North Sea. 莱茵河流入北海. * The tears ran down her cheeks. 她的脸上淌著眼泪. * Water was running all over the bathroom floor/The bathroom floor was running with water. 洗澡间水流了一地. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cause (a liquid) to flow 使（液体）流动: She ran hot water into the bowl. 她用碗接点热水. * run the hot tap 打开热水的水龙头 * Could you run me a hot bath/run a hot bath for me? 你给我放一盆热的洗澡水好吗? (c) [I] (of a tap, etc) send out a liquid （指水龙头等）流出液体: Who left the tap running? 谁忘了关水龙头了? * Your nose is running, ie Mucus is flowing from it. 你流鼻涕了. * The smoke makes my eyes run. 烟熏得我直流眼泪. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. (d) [Ipr] ~ with sth (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) be covered with (a flowing liquid) 流满（液体）: The streets were running with blood after the massacre. 那场大屠杀後街上血流成河. * His face was running with sweat. 他汗流满面.  18 [I] (of dye or colour in a garment) dissolve and spread （指衣服上的染料或颜色）掉色, 扩散: I'm afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt. 很遗憾, 你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了.  19 [I] melt 融化: It was so hot that the butter ran. 天气太热, 黄油都化了. * The wax began to run. 蜡开始融化了.  20 [La, I] (of the sea, the tide, a river, etc) rise higher or flow faster （指海水、 潮水、 河水等）上涨, 流动加快: The tide was running strong. 潮水涨得很猛.  21 [La] pass into or reach the specified state; become 进入或达到某种状态; 变成: The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开, 水就凉了��w. * The river ran dry (ie stopped flowing) during the drought. 大旱期间这条河都乾了. * Supplies are running short/low. 供应品短缺. * I have run short of money. 我缺钱.  22 [Tn] be in charge of (sth); manage 负责（某事物）; 经营; 管理: run a hotel, a shop, a language school 管理旅馆、 商店、 语言学校 * He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法. * Stop trying to run (ie organize) my life for me! 我的生活用不著你来管!  23 [Tn] make (a service, course of study, etc) available to people; organize 开办（服务项目、 课程等）; 举办: The college runs summer courses for foreign learners of English. 这所学院为学习英语的外国人开设了暑期班.  24 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) operate or function （使某物）运转, 起作用: Your new car seems to run very nicely. 你的新汽车开起来还很不错. * (fig 比喻) Her life has run smoothly up to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺. * Could you run the engine for a moment? 你让发动机转一会儿好吗? * I can run my electric razor off (ie with power from) the mains. 我的电动剃刀可以使用交流电.  25 [Tn] own and use (esp a vehicle) 有并使用（尤指交通工具）: I can't afford to run a car on my salary. 凭我的薪水我是开不起汽车的. * A bicycle is cheap to run. 使用自行车是很经济的.  26 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (in sth) (esp US) be a candidate in an election (for a political position); stand (for sth) 竞选（某一政治职位）; 当（某职务的）候选人: Reagan ran (for the Presidency) a second time in 1980. 里根於1980年再次竞选（总统）. * How many candidates are running in the Presidential election? 有多少候选人参加总统竞选?  27 [Tn] present or nominate (sb) as a candidate in an election 提出（某人）参加竞选: How many candidates is the Liberal Party running in the General Election? 自由党在这次大选中提出了多少个候选人?  28 [Tn] (of a newspaper or magazine) print and publish (sth) as an item or a story （指报刊）刊登, 发表: The `Guardian' is running a series of articles on Third World Economics. 《卫报》发表了论《第三世界的经济》的一系列文章.  29 [I] (esp US) (of a woven or knitted garment) become unwoven or unravelled （指编织的或针织的服装）脱针, 脱线, 抽丝: Nylon tights sometimes run, ie ladder. 尼龙裤袜有时候抽丝.  30 [La, Ipr] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) (of an event, a train, etc) happen, arrive, etc at the specified time （指事情等）（在某时候）发生; （指火车等）（在某时刻）到达: The trains are running an hour late. 火车晚点一个小时. * Programmes are running a few minutes behind schedule this evening. 今晚的节目演出比预定的时间晚了几分钟.  31 (idm 习语) come running be eager to do what sb wants 渴望做某人想做的事: If you offer the children rewards for helping they'll all come running. 要是让孩子帮忙做事, 给他们点奖品, 他们就巴不得都来帮忙了. `run for it run in order to escape from sb/sth 逃跑: Run for it  he's got a gun! 快逃吧--他带著枪呢! (For other idioms containing run, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与run搭配的其他习语, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 run/take its course => course1; run riot => riot.) 32 (phr v) run across sb/sth meet sb or find sth by chance 偶然遇见某人或发现某事物: I ran across my old friend Jean in Paris last week. 上周我在巴黎遇见了老朋友琼.
run after sb 
(no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) run to try to catch sb; chase sb 追赶某人; 追逐某人: The dog was running after a rabbit. 狗在追一只兔子. (b) (infml 口) (esp of a woman) seek sb's company (in order to have a romantic or sexual relationship with him) （尤指女性）追求（男子）: She runs after every good-looking man she meets. 凡是漂亮的男子, 她见一个追一个.
run along 
(infml 口) (used in the imperative to tell sb, esp a child, to go away 用以叫某人（尤指小孩）离开): Run along now, children, I'm busy. 走开吧, 孩子们, 我正忙著呢.
run at sb 
(no passive 不用於被动语态) run towards sb (as if) to attack him 向某人冲去: He ran at me with a knife. 他持刀向我冲来. run at sth (no passive 不用於被动语态, usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) (of a statistic or figure) be at the specified level or rate （指统计或数字）达到一定水平或比率: Inflation is running at 25%. 通货膨胀率达25%. * Interest rates are running at record levels. 利率达到创记录的水平.
run away (from sb/...) 
suddenly leave sb/a place; escape from sb/a place 突然离开某人[某处]; 从某人处[某处]逃走: Don't run away  I want your advice. 请不要走--我需要你的意见. * He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他十三岁那年就离家出走了. run away from sth try to avoid sth because one is shy, lacking in confidence, etc 因羞怯、 缺乏信心等而极力回避某事物; 逃避: run away from a difficult situation 尽力摆脱困境 * Her suicide bid was an attempt to run away from reality. 她想自杀就是要逃避现实. run a`way with one (of a feeling) gain complete control of one; dominate one （指感情）完全控制自己, 支配自己: Don't let your temper run away with you. 要控制住自己, 不要发脾气. * Her imagination tends to run away with her. 她的想像力如脱缰之马难以驾驭. run away with sb; run a`way (together) (also infml 口语作 run off with sb; run `off (together)) leave home, one's husband etc with sb, in order to have a relationship with him or marry him 与某人私奔: She ran away with her boss/She and her boss ran away (together). 她与老板私奔了. run away with sth (a) steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: A cashier ran away with the day's takings. 出纳员偷走了当天的进款. (b) use up or consume a lot of sth 用尽或大量消耗某物: My new car really runs away with the petrol. 我的新汽车耗油太多了. (c) win sth clearly or easily 轻易赢得某事物: The champion ran away with the match. 这个冠军获得的不费吹灰之力.
run sth back 
rewind (a film, tape, etc) in order to see or hear it again 倒回（影片、 录音带等）. run back over sth discuss or consider sth again; review sth 重新讨论或研究某事物; 回顾某事物: I'll run back over the procedure once again. 我把这个程序再复查一次.
run (sth) down 
(a) (cause sth to) lose power or stop functioning （使某物）耗尽能源或失去作用: My car battery has run down; it needs recharging. 我的汽车电池没电了, 需要充电. * If you leave your headlights on you'll soon run down the battery. 停车後不关前灯, 电池的电很快就会耗尽. (b) (often in the continuous tenses 常用於进行时态) (cause sth to) stop functioning gradually or decline in size or number （使某事物）逐渐失去作用, 衰退, 衰减, 萎缩: British manufacturing industry has been running down for years. 英国的制造业多年来一直在走下坡路. * The local steelworks is being run down and is likely to close within three years. 当地的这家钢铁厂越来越不景气, 有可能在三年内关闭. * The company is running down its sales force. 这家公司正在裁减推销人员. run sb/sth down (a) (of a vehicle or its driver) hit sb/sth and knock him/it to the ground; (of a ship) collide with sth （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人[某物]; （指船）与某物相撞: run down a pedestrian 撞倒一行人 * The cyclist was run down by a lorry. 卡车把骑自行车的人撞倒了. * The liner ran down a fishing-boat in thick fog. 班轮在浓雾中撞上了渔船. (b) criticize sb/sth unkindly; disparage sb/sth 说某人[某事物]的坏话; 贬低某人[某事物]: He's always running down his wife's cooking. 他总嫌妻子做的饭菜不好. * She's always running her children down in public. 她总是当著人说自己的孩子不懂事. (c) find sb/sth after looking for him/it for a long time （寻找很长时间後）找到某人[某物]: I finally ran the book down in the university library. 我终於在大学图书馆找到了那本书. * The criminal was eventually run down in the woods near his home. 那罪犯终於落网, 就在他家附近的树林里被捕.
run sb in 
(infml 口) arrest sb and take him to a police station 逮捕某人押送警察局: He was run in for drunk and disorderly behaviour. 他因酗酒滋事而被拘留. run sth in prepare (the engine of a new car) for normal use by driving slowly and carefully 进行（新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转, 磨合试车: Don't drive your new car too fast until you've run it in. 新汽车未经磨合运转不要开得太快.
run into sb 
meet sb by chance 偶然遇见某人: Guess who I ran into today. 你猜我今天碰见谁了. * I ran into an old schoolfriend at the supermarket this morning. 今天早上我在超级市场碰见了一个老同学. run into sth (a) meet or enter (an area of bad weather) while travelling （旅行中）遇到（坏天气）: We ran into a patch of thick fog just outside Edinburgh. 我们就在爱丁堡城外遇到了浓雾. (b) encounter (difficulties, problems, etc) 遭遇（困难、 问题等）: The project is running into financial difficulties. 这一项目遇到了财务困难. * run into debt, danger, trouble 陷入债务、 危险、 困境之中. (c) (no passive 不用於被动语态) reach (the specified level or amount) 达到（某一水平或数额）: Her income runs into six figures, ie is more than 100000. 她的收入达到六位数字（超过 100000 英镑）. * Her last novel ran into three reprints in its first year of publication. 她最近的一部小说在出版当年就印行了三次. run (sth) into sb/sth (cause a car, etc to) collide with or crash into sb/sth （使汽车等）撞及某人[某物]: The bus went out of control and ran into a shop front. 那公共汽车失去控制, 撞到了一家商店的门脸. * She ran (ie drove) her car into a tree while reversing. 她倒车时撞著了一棵树.
run (sth) off 
(cause liquid to) drain or flow out of a container （使液体）流尽, 排出: Why don't you ever run the water off after you've had a bath? 你洗完澡後为什麽老是不把水放掉? run sth off (a) cause (a race) to be contested 进行（速度比赛）: The heats of the 200 metres will be run off tomorrow. 明天举行200米预赛. (b) copy, reproduce or duplicate sth, eg on a photocopying machine 复印或复制某物: Could you run (me) off twenty copies of the agenda? 你把议事日程表给（我）复印二十份好吗? run off with sb; run off (together) (infml 口) = run away with sb; run away (together). run off with sth steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: The treasurer has run off with the club's funds. 会计拐走了俱乐部的资金.
run on 
continue without stopping; go on 连续不断; 继续下去: The meeting will finish promptly  I don't want it to run on. 会议要按时结束--不要拖延下去. * She does run on so! 她简直没完没了! run (sth) on (of a line of type) continue without being indented to show the beginning of a paragraph; continue (a line of type) without indenting it to show the beginning of a paragraph （指印刷文字的一行）接下去不分段; 使（印刷文字的一行）接下去不分段. run on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (of thoughts, a discussion, etc) have sth as a subject; be concerned with sth （指思想、 议论等）以某事物为主题, 涉及某事物: Her talk ran on developments in computer software. 她谈的是计算机软件的开发问题. * His thoughts kept running on recent events in India. 他一直想著最近在印度发生的事.
run out 
(of an agreement, a document, etc) become no longer valid; expire （指协议、 文件等）失效, 过期: The lease on our flat runs out in a few months. 我们公寓的租约还有几个月就到期了. * My passport has run out. 我的护照已失效. run out (of sth) (of a supply of sth) be used up, finished or exhausted; (of a person) use up or finish (a supply of sth) （指供应品）用完, 耗尽; （指人）用完, 耗尽（供应品）: The petrol is running out/We are running out of petrol. 汽油快用光了[我们的汽油快用光了]. * Our time is running out/We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了. * Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out (of them). 给我一枝烟好吗? 我的（烟）已经抽完啦. run (sth) out (of a rope, etc) be passed out; pass (a rope, etc) out （指绳索等）放出, 拉出; 将（绳等）放出, 拉出: The rope ran out smoothly. 绳子顺顺当当地拉出来了. * The sailor ran the line out neatly. 水手很利落地把绳子放出去了. run sb out (often passive 常用於被动语态) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman who is trying to make a run) by striking the wicket with the ball before he has reached his crease （板球）将（跑动中可能得分的击球员）杀出局（即在其到位前用球击中三柱门）: Border was (brilliantly) run out by Botham for 41. 博德获41分後, 博瑟姆一个漂亮球把他杀出局了.
run over 
(of a container or its contents) overflow （指容器或所盛之物）溢出: The bath/The bath water is running over. 浴缸[浴缸的水]溢出来了. run over sb; run sb over (of a vehicle or its driver) knock sb down and pass over (a part of) his body （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人并轧过其身体（之一部分）: I ran over a cat last night. 我昨晚开车轧著了一只猫. * Two children were run over by a lorry and killed. 有两个孩子被一辆卡车轧死了. run over sth read through sth quickly; revise or rehearse sth 快速阅读某物; 温习或演习某事物: I always run over my lines before going on stage. 我登台演出前总要温习一下台词. * She ran over her notes before giving the lecture. 她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍. 
run over with sth 
show a lot of (energy, enthusiasm, etc); overflow with sth 充满（活力、 热情等）; 洋溢: She's running over with health and vitality. 她非常健康, 充满活力.
run through sth 
(a) (no passive 不用於被动语态) pass quickly through sth 快速地穿过或传遍: An angry murmur ran through the crowd. 群众纷纷气愤地抱怨著. * Thoughts of revenge kept running through his mind. 他脑海里时刻萦绕著复仇的念头. (b) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be present in every part of sth; permeate sth 遍布於某事物; 贯穿著某事物: A deep melancholy runs through her poetry. 她的诗中贯穿著悲伤的情调. * There is a deep-seated conservatism running through our society. 我们社会中普遍存在著根深蒂固的保守思想. (c) discuss, examine or read sth quickly 匆匆讨论、 检查或阅读: He ran through the names on the list. 他把名单匆匆地看了一遍. (d) review or summarize sth 复查或总结某事物: run through the main points of the news 把新闻要点归纳一下 * Could we run through your proposals once again? 我们再来审议一下你的建议好吗? (e) perform, act or rehearse sth 表演; 扮演; 排练: Could we run through Act 3 again, please? 请大家把第3幕再排练一遍好吗? (f) use up or spend (money) carelessly or wastefully 挥霍（金钱）: She ran through a lot of money in her first term at university. 她上大学第一个学期就花了很多钱. run sth through play (part of a film or tape) by passing it through a machine 播放（电影或录音带片段）: Could we run that sequence through again? 咱们再把那一段重放一遍好吗?
run to sth 
(no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) extend to or reach (the specified amount or size) 达到（某一数额或规模）: The book runs to 800 pages. 该书长达800页. * Her latest novel has already run to three impressions. 她最近出版的一部小说已经印行三次了. (b) (of a person) have enough money for sth; (of money) be enough for sth （指人）有够作某事物用的钱; （指钱）足够某事物之用: We can't/Our funds won't run to a holiday abroad this year. 今年我们没有钱[我们的钱不够]去国外度假.
run up 
(of a bowler in cricket, a long-jumper, etc) gather speed by running before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球投球手、 跳远运动员等）助跑: Hadlee is now running up to bowl. 哈德利正在助跑投球. run sth up (a) raise or hoist sth 升起某物: run up a flag on the mast 在旗杆上升起旗子. (b) make (a garment) quickly, esp by sewing 赶做（衣服）（尤指缝纫）: run up a blouse, dress, skirt, etc 赶做女衬衣、 连衣裙、 裙子等. (c) allow (a bill, debt, etc) to accumulate 积欠（帐款、 债务等）: You'll run up a huge gas bill if you leave the heater on. 热水器要是总开著, 煤气费就很高了. run up against sth meet or encounter (a difficulty, problem, etc) 遇到（困难、 问题等）: The government is running up against considerable opposition to its privatization plans. 政府的私有化计画遇到了很大的阻力.
runabout 
n (infml 口) small light car, esp one for making short journeys in towns 轻型小汽车（尤指市内用的）.
run-around 
n (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get the `run-around treat sb/be treated in a deceitful or evasive manner 欺骗、 瞒哄或搪塞某人[被欺骗、 瞒哄或搪塞]: He's been giving his wife the run-around, eg sleeping with other women. 他一直蒙蔽著妻子（如与别的女人发生性关系）.
runaway 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 who has run away 逃跑的; 逃避的; 私奔的: a runaway child 离家出走的孩子.  2 (of an animal or a vehicle) no longer under the control of its rider or driver （指动物或车辆）失去控制的: a runaway horse, lorry, train 脱缰的马、 失去控制的卡车、 煞不住闸的火车.  3 happening very rapidly or easily 来得快的; 来得容易的: the runaway success of her last play 她最近那出戏的一炮而红 * a runaway victory, win, etc 轻而易举的胜利、 成功等.  n person who has run away; fugitive 逃跑者; 逃亡者.
run-down 
n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 act of running down (an industry, a company, etc); reduction of the size of an industry, etc （工业、 公司等的）紧缩, 缩减: the government's gradual run-down of the coal industry 政府对煤炭工业所采取的逐渐紧缩的做法.  2 ~ (of/on sth) (infml 口) detailed analysis or description (of sth) 详细的分析或描述: give sb/get a run-down on sth 做出[得到]某事物的详细汇报 * I want a complete run-down on the situation. 我需要一份有关形势的全面的分析报告.
run-down 
adj  1 in bad condition; dilapidated; neglected 破损的; 破败的; 失修的: a ,run-down `area, `town, `industry, `house 衰败的地区、 衰落的城市、 衰退的工业、 破损的房子 * The whole district is in a terribly run-down state. 这整个地区都已破败不堪.  2 tired and slightly ill, esp from working hard 疲惫的, 衰弱的　尤指因劳累　: be, feel, get run-down 筋疲力尽 * You look pretty run-down; why don't you take a holiday? 你看上去气色不佳, 何不去度假?
run-in 
n  1 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to (an event) （事件的）准备时期: during the run-in to the election 在选举的酝酿期间.  2 ~ (with sb) (infml 口 esp US) quarrel or disagreement (with sb) （与某人）争吵, 争论: have a run-in with sb 与某人争吵.
run-off 
n extra race held to decide the winner when a race has ended in a tie （平局後的）加赛.
run-through 
n  1 review or summary (of sth) 复查; 总结: Could we have a run-through of the main points discussed? 我们把讨论的要点归纳一下好吗?  2 rehearsal or practice 排练; 练习: There will be a run-through of the whole play tonight. 今天晚上要把全剧排练一次.
run-up 
n  1 (a) (of a bowler in cricket, an athlete, etc) running in order to gain speed before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球的投球手、 田径运动员等的）助跑: a fast, smooth, short, etc run-up 快速的、 稳健的、 短距离的...助跑. (b) distance run in this way 助跑距离: Pole vaulters need long run-ups. 撑竿跳需要长距离助跑.  2 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to an event （事件的）准备时期: the run-up to the election 选举前的酝酿时期.
run
NOTE ON USAGE : Compare run, trot, jog, gallop, sprint and race. 试比较run、 trot、 jog、 gallop、 sprint、 race��W这几个词. When describing movement that is faster than walking, run is the most general verb. 描述比行走快的动作, 最常用的动词是run. People usually run in a race or when they are in a hurry 通常run用於赛跑或有急事的场合: I was late for the train so I had to run. 我要赶不上火车了, 所以得跑著去. We generally jog for physical exercise, running steadily and not very fast. *jog一般用於健身运动, 跑得稳但不太快. Trot and gallop are mainly used of horses. *trot和gallop主要指马跑. When people trot, they run quite quickly with short steps 若以trot指人, 则意为小步快跑: The girls spent the afternoon trotting up and down the beach. 姑娘们一下午都在海滩上轻快地跑来跑去. Informally, trot can mean simply to `go' 在口语中, trot可直接地表示go之意: I'll just trot round to the shops for some bread. 我就到附近商店去买些面包. Gallop is to run fast *gallop指快跑: He came galloping up the road. 他沿路飞快跑来. Race suggests a need to run very fast, not always in competition *race指有快速跑的必要, 但不一定总是指比赛: She raced to the window to stop the child jumping out. 她一个箭步跑到窗前, 制止那孩子往外跳. Sprint is to run as fast as possible, usually over a short distance *sprint指尽力快跑, 通常距离较短: You'll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. 你要想赶上火车, 就得快跑几步.
run
/ rQn; rQn/ n  1 [C] act or period of running on foot 跑; 跑步; 奔跑; 奔跑的一段时间: go for a run every morning 每天早晨跑步 * Catching sight of her, he broke into a run. 他一看见她, 赶紧就跑.  2 instance or period of travelling by car, train, etc 乘汽车、 火车等的旅行; 乘车旅行期间: take the car out for a run in the country 乘汽车去郊外一游 * Oxford to London is about an hour's run by train. 从牛津到伦敦乘火车大约有一小时行程.  3 [C] route taken by vehicles, ships, etc 车、 船等行驶的路线: The boat operates on the Dover-Calais run. 这艘船运行多佛--加莱航线.  4 [C] series of performances 持续的演出: The play had a good run/a run of six months. 那出戏演了很久[演了半年]. * It's just finished its West End run, ie in the West End of London. 在伦敦西区的长期演出刚刚结束.  5 [C] period or succession; spell 时期; 一段时间: We've enjoyed an exceptional run of fine weather recently. 我们这里最近天气好极了. * a run of bad luck, ie a series of misfortunes 一连串的不幸.  6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ on sth sudden demand for sth by many people 许多人一时对某物的需求: a run on sterling following its rise in value against the dollar 英镑对美元升值後引起的抢购英镑的热潮 * a run on the bank, ie a sudden withdrawal of deposits by many customers 挤兑.  7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) space for domestic animals, fowl, etc （家畜、 家禽等的）饲养场: a `chicken-run 养鸡场 * a `sheep-run, ie an area of pasture for sheep 牧羊场.  8 [C] point scored in cricket or baseball （板球或棒球中所得的）分.  9 [sing] the ~ of sth tendency or trend of sth 趋势; 趋向: After 40 minutes Spurs scored, against the run of play, ie although they had been playing poorly. 斯珀尔斯队每况愈下, 40分钟後却得了分. * The run of the cards favoured me, ie I was dealt good cards. 我得到的牌非常好. * in accordance with the recent run of events, ie the way things have been going recently 按照最近的情况发展.  10 [C] (music 音) series of notes sung or played quickly up or down the scale 急唱; 急奏.  11 [C] track for some purpose 有某种用途的小道: a `ski-run 滑雪道.  12 [C] = ladder 2.  13 [C] large number of fish in motion 游动的鱼群: a run of salmon, eg on their way upstream 游动的鲑鱼群（如在溯江洄游途中）.  14 the runs [pl] (sl 俚) diarrhoea 腹泻; 拉肚子.  15 (idm 习语) at a `run running 跑（著）: He started off at a run but soon tired and slowed to a walk. 他跑步出发, 但很快就累得慢下来成了步行. the common, general, ordinary, etc run (of sth) the average type or class 普通的类型或等级: the common run of mankind, ie ordinary average people 普通人 * a hotel out of the ordinary run, ie better than average 较好的旅馆. give sb/get/have the run of sth give sb/get/have permission to make full use of sth 允许某人[得到许可/获准]充分使用某物: gave me the run of his library 允许我自由使用他的书房 * He has the run of the house. 他获准使用那所房子. in the long run => long1. make a bolt/dash/run for it/sth => bolt2. on the `run (a) fleeing from pursuit or capture 奔逃; 逃跑: He's on the run from the police. 他正在逃避警方的追缉. * have/keep the enemy on the run 逼得敌人奔窜. (b) continuously active and moving about 忙碌; 奔波: I've been on the run all day and I'm exhausted. 我整天忙个不停, 疲於奔命. * on the run from one office to another 从一个公司的部门到另一个公司的部门. a (good, etc) run for one's `money (a) challenging competition or opposition 较量; 竞争; 对抗: They may win the game, but we'll give them a good run for their money. 他们即使能赢得这场比赛, 我们也不会让他们轻易取胜. (b) reward, interest, enjoyment, etc, esp in return for effort 报偿、 利益、 满足等（尤指付出努力後所获得者）: I feel I've had an excellent run for my money (ie a rewarding career) and now I'm happy to retire. 我对我一生的事业十分满意, 现在退休甚为欣慰.
run-of-the-mill 
adj (often derog 常作贬义) not special; ordinary 一般的; 普通的: a ,run-of-the-mill detective story 平淡无奇的侦探小说.
rune
/ ru:n; run/ n  1 any of the letters in an ancient Germanic alphabet used by the Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons for carving on wood or in stone 古日耳曼字母（斯堪的那维亚人和盎格鲁撒克逊人刻於木石上的）.  2 similar mark with a mysterious or magic meaning 神秘的或有魔力的符号.
runic 
/ 5ru:nIk; `runIk/ adj of runes; written in or inscribed with runes 古日耳曼字母的; 有神秘符号的; 用古日耳曼字母写成或刻成的: a runic calendar, alphabet, sign 用古日耳曼字母写成的历书、 古日耳曼字母表、 有魔力的神秘符号.
rung
/ rQN; rQN/ n [C]  1 cross-piece forming a step in a ladder （梯子的）横档, 梯级. =>illus at ladder 见 ladder 插图.  2 cross-piece joining the legs of a chair, etc to strengthen it （椅子等腿间的）横档.  3 (fig 比喻) level or rank in society, one's career, an organization, etc （社会、 职业、 组织等的）阶层, 等级: start on the lowest/bottom rung of the salary scale 从最低级别的薪金开始 * His promotion has moved him up several rungs on the management ladder. 他获得提升, 在管理阶层中提高了好几级.
rung
2 pp of ring2.
runnel
/ 5rQnl; `rQnl/ n (fml 文) small trickle or stream 细流; 小溪: The rain ran in shallow runnels alongside the path. 雨水流进路边的小河沟里.
runner
/ 5rQnE(r); `rQnL/ n  1 person or animal that runs; one taking part in a race 奔跑的人或动物; 赛跑的人或动物: a long-distance runner 长跑者 * There are eight runners (ie horses competing) in the final race. 有八匹马参加决赛.  2 messenger, esp for a bank or stockbroker信差; 送信人; （尤指银行或股票经纪人的）跑外.  3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person smuggling the goods stated into or out of an area 偷运某货物出入某地的人; 走私者: `drug-runners 偷运毒品的人 * `gun-runners 走私枪枝的人.  4 metal or wood strip on which sth slides or moves along （金属制的或木制的）条状滑行装置: the runners (ie blades) of my ice-skates 我的冰鞋上的冰刀 * sledge runners 雪橇的滑板.  5 creeping plant stem that can take root 匍匐茎; 纤匐枝: strawberry runners 草莓纤匐枝.  6 long narrow strip of embroidered cloth, lace, etc placed on a sideboard, table, etc for ornament or protection （铺於餐具柜、 桌子等上的）长条　花饰布、 饰带等.
runner bean (also string bean) 
(Brit) (US `pole bean) (a) type of climbing bean-plant 红花菜豆（攀缘豆科植物）. (b) long green pod growing from this 红花菜豆（此种植物的绿色长豆荚）.
runner-up 
/ 9rQnEr5Qp; 9rQnL`Qp/ n (pl runners-up / 9rQnEz5Qp; 9rQnLz`Qp/) ~ (to sb) person or team finishing second in a race or competition （竞赛中的）第二名, 亚军.
running
/ 5rQnIN; `rQnIN/ n [U]  1 action or sport of running 跑; 跑步; 赛跑: take up running 开始跑步 * [attrib 作定语] running shoes 跑鞋.  2 management, maintenance or operation 管理; 经营; 维持; 操作: the day-to-day running of a shop, business, machine, country 商店的日常经营、 事务的日常料理、 机器的日常运转、 国家的日常管理 * [attrib 作定语] the running costs of a car, eg of fuel, repairs, insurance 汽车的消费（如燃料费、 保养费、 保险费）.  3 (idm 习语) in/out of the `running (for sth) (infml 口) having some/no chance of succeeding or achieving sth 有[无]达到或实现某目的之机会: be in the running for a management post, a company car 有可能获得管理职位、 公司的汽车. make the `running (infml 口) set the pace or standard 定步调; 带头; 做榜样: Wall Street made Friday's running on the international stock exchange. 在国际股票交易中, 华尔街星期五率先确定了走势行情. * Mike is rather timid with women, so Sue has to make all the running in their relationship. 迈克在女子面前很　腆, 所以苏珊只好对迈克主动一些.
running 
adj  1 [attrib 作定语] performed while running 边跑边做的; 在奔跑中完成的: a running jump, kick 跑跳步、 跑动踢球.  2 [attrib 作定语] continuous or uninterrupted 连续的; 不断的: a running battle for control of the party 为控制该党而进行的持续斗争 * The police kept up a running fire of questions during their interrogation of the suspect. 警方审问嫌疑犯时提出了一连串的问题.  3 [pred 作表语] (following a numberand a pl n 用於数字及复数名词之後) in succession; consecutively 接连; 连续: win three times running 连胜三次 * For the sixth day running, my car wouldn't start. 我的汽车已连续六天发动不起来了.  4 [attrib 作定语] (of water) flowing （指水）流动的: I can hear running water. 我听见有流水的声音. * All our rooms have hot and cold running water, ie from taps. 我们所有的房间都有冷热自来水.  5 [attrib 作定语] (of sores, etc) exuding liquid or pus （指伤口等）排出液体的, 流脓的.  6 (idm 习语) in running/working order => order1. take a running `jump (a) run up to the point where one jumps 助跑起跳. (b) (sl 俚) (used as a command 用作命令语) go away 走开: I refused to lend him any more money and told him to take a running jump. 我不愿再借给他钱, 便叫他走开.
running-board 
n (formerly) foot-board under the doors of a car （旧时）汽车车门下方的踏板.
running commentary 
spoken description of events as they occur, esp by a broadcaster 现场报道（尤指广播的）: From the passenger seat, he kept up a running commentary on her driving. 他坐在乘客座位上评论她的驾驶技术.
running mate 
1 (politics 政 esp US) candidate for a supporting position in an election, esp for the Vice-Presidency 竞选夥伴; （尤指）副总统候选人.  2 horse used to set the pace for another in a race （赛马中）领跑的马.
running repairs 
minor repairs or replacement of parts 小修; 修配: Our photocopier is in continual need of running repairs. 我们的复印机经常需要检修.
running stitch 
line of evenly-spaced stitches made by a straight thread passing in and out of the material 直行针脚.
running total 
total (eg of costs, expenses) which includes each new item as it occurs 累积总计（如费用、 开支的）.
runny
/ 5rQnI; `rQnI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) more liquid than is usual or expected 水分过多的; 太稀的: runny jam, sauce, cake-mixture, etc 很稀的果酱、 沙司、 糕饼混合料等 * Omelettes should be runny (ie not fully cooked) in the middle. 荷包蛋要煎成溏心儿的.  2 (of the nose or eyes) tending to exude mucus （指鼻子）流鼻涕的; （指眼睛）流泪的: You've got a runny nose! 你流鼻涕了!
runt
/ rQnt; rQnt/ n  1 undersized animal, esp the smallest and weakest of a litter 发育不良的小动物（尤指一胎中最弱小的）.  2 (derog 贬) insignificant or worthless person 小人物; 卑微小人.
runway
/ 5rQnweI; `rQn9we/ n prepared surface along which aircraft take off and land （飞机的）跑道.
rupee
/ ru:5pi:; ru`pi/ n [C] unit of money in India, Pakistan and certain other countries 卢比（印度、 巴基斯坦等国的货币单位）.
rupture
/ 5rQptFE(r); `rQptFL/ n  1 [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) breaking apart or bursting 破裂; 断裂: the rupture of a blood-vessel, seed-pod, membrane 血管、 豆荚、 薄膜的破裂.  2 [C, U] (fig fml 比喻, 文 ) (instance of) ending of friendly relations （友好关系的）破裂, 决裂; 绝交: deep ruptures within the party 党内严重的分裂.  3 [C] (medical 医) swelling in the abdomen caused when some organ or tissue breaks through the wall of its retaining cavity 疝. Cf 参看 hernia.
rupture 
v  1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause tissue, an organ, etc to) burst or break （使身体组织、 器官等）破裂, 裂开: a ruptured appendix, spleen 阑尾穿孔、 脾破裂. (b) [Tn] ~ oneself cause such a burst or break to happen to oneself 发生疝; 出现疝: He ruptured himself lifting a bookcase. 他抬书柜时出现了疝.  2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause a connection, union, etc to) end （使关系等）破裂, 断绝: the risk of rupturing East-West relations 可能破坏东西方关系的危险.
rural
/ 5rUErEl; `rJrEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, in or suggesting the countryside 乡村的; 在乡村的; 有乡村特点的: rural areas, scenes, smells, accents 农村地区、 乡村风光、 乡土气息、 乡下口音 * rural bus services, MPs, pastimes 乡间公共汽车运营、 下议院议员、 娱乐活动 * life in rural Britain 英国的乡村生活. Cf 参看 rustic 1, urban.
rural dean 
= dean 2.
rural delivery
rural route, (US) delivery of mail in rural areas 乡村投递（路线）.
Ruritanian
/ 9rUErI5teInIEn; 9rJrE`tenIEn/ adj (of a State, its politics) full of plots and intrigues (as in two melodramatic novels about an imaginary country called Ruritania) （指国家、 政治）玩弄阴谋诡计的.
ruse
/ ru:z; ruz/ n deceitful way of doing sth or getting sth; trick 骗术; 诈术; 诡计: think up a ruse for getting into the cinema without paying 想个不花钱进电影院的花招 * My ruse failed. 我的计谋落空了.
rush
/ rQF; rQF/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go or come with great speed （使某人[某物]）急速去或来: Don't rush: take your time. 别急急忙忙的, 慢慢来. * Water went rushing through the lock gates. 水流经水闸时十分湍急. * The children rushed out of school. 孩子们飞快跑出学校. * Don't rush away/off -- I haven't finished. 别急著要走--我还没完呢. * People rushed to buy the shares. 人们抢著购买股票. * Ambulances rushed the injured to hospital. 救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院. * Relief supplies were rushed in. 救济品已急速送到. * Please rush me (ie send me immediately) your current catalogue. 请将你方现有目录尽速寄来为盼.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (into sth/doing sth) (cause sb to) act hastily （使某人）仓促行事: regret rushed decisions 对贸然做出的决定感到懊悔 * rush into marriage 仓促结婚 * Don't rush me -- this needs thinking about. 别催我--这事得考虑考虑. * rush sb into signing a contract 催促某人匆匆签署合同.  3 [Tn] attack or capture (sb/sth) by a sudden assault 突袭（某人[某事物]）: rush the enemy's positions, defences, etc 向敌人的阵地、 防御工事等突然发起进攻 * Fans rushed the stage after the concert. 音乐会结束後乐迷涌向舞台.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (infml 口) charge (a customer, etc) a high or exorbitant price 向（顾客等）索高价, 敲竹杠: How much did the garage rush you for those repairs? 汽车服务站敲了你多少修理费?  5 (idm 习语) run/rush sb off his feet => foot1. rush into `print publish sth without proper care or consideration 草率出版某物.  6 (phr v) rush sth out produce sth very quickly 匆促生产某物; 赶制某物: Editors rushed out a piece on the crash for the late news. 编辑迅速将失事消息编入晚间新闻. rush sth through (sth) cause sth to become official policy, etc very quickly 使某事物很快通过成为官方政策��w: rush a bill through Parliament 使一项法案在议会中仓促通过.
rush
/ rQF; rQF/ n  1 [sing] (instance of) rapid headlong movement or swift advance 急促的动作; 冲; 奔: The tide comes in with a sudden rush here. 这里潮水来势汹涌. * make a rush for the door 冲到门前 * People were trampled in the headlong rush. 大家拼命向前涌, 踩著了很多人.  2 [sing] sudden onset or surge of sth 突发; 突现: a rush of blood to the cheeks 脸一下子红起来 * work in a rush of enthusiasm 凭著一股热情工作 * a rush of cold air, eg as a window is opened 一股冷空气（如开窗时）.  3 [sing, U] (infml 口) (period of) great activity 繁忙的活动（时刻）: Why all this mad rush? 为什麽要这样急急忙忙的? * the Christmas rush, ie the period before Christmas when crowds of people go shopping 圣诞节前的购物热 * I'm in a dreadful/tearing rush (ie hurry) so I can't stop. 我忙得不可开交. * have a bit of a rush on 要忙一阵子 * [attrib 作定语] a rush job, ie one done as quickly or as soon as possible 要尽快做妥的工作.  4 [C] ~ on/for sth sudden great demand for goods, etc （对货物等的）大量急需, 争购: a rush on umbrellas, eg when there is heavy rain 争购雨伞（如下大雨时）.  5 rushes [pl] (infml 口) first print of a cinema film before it is cut and edited （电影）样片（未经剪辑者）.
rush-hour 
n time each day when traffic is busiest because people are going to or coming from work （上下班时的）交通拥挤时间, 高峰时刻: morning/evening rush-hours 早上[晚上]交通拥挤时间 * [attrib 作定语] I got caught in the rush-hour traffic. 我遇上了高峰时刻的车辆, 寸步难行.
rush
/ rQF; rQF/ n marsh plant with a slender pithy stem which is dried and used for making chair-seats, baskets, etc 灯心草（乾燥後用於编制椅面、 篮子等）: [attrib 作定语] rush matting 灯心草编织的席子.
rushy 
adj full of rushes 长满灯心草的.
rusk
/ rQsk; rQsk/ n type of biscuit or bread baked hard and crisp, esp one used for feeding babies 脆饼乾, 硬而脆的面包乾（尤指婴儿食用的）: `teething rusks 婴儿出牙期磨牙的饼乾.
rusk
/ rQsk; rQsk/ n type of biscuit or bread baked hard and crisp, esp one used for feeding babies 脆饼乾, 硬而脆的面包乾（尤指婴儿食用的）: `teething rusks 婴儿出牙期磨牙的饼乾.
russet
/ 5rQsIt; `rQsIt/ adj soft reddish-brown （柔和的）赤褐色的: russet autumn leaves 秋天赤褐色的叶子.
russet 
n  1 [U] russet colour 柔和的赤褐色.  2 [C] type of rough-skinned apple of this colour 一种赤褐色的粗皮苹果.
Russian
/ 5rQFn; `rQFEn/ adj of Russia, its culture, its language or its people 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的: Russian folklore, dancing 俄罗斯民俗、 舞蹈.
Russian 
n  1 [C] person from Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯人; 俄国人; （泛指旧时的）苏联人.  2 [U] principal language of the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯语; 俄语.
Russian roulette 
(a) act of bravado in which a person holds to his head a revolver of which one (unknown) chamber contains a bullet, and pulls the trigger 俄罗斯轮盘赌（逞能冒险举动, 用只装一发子弹 的左轮手枪对准自己头部扣动扳机）: play (at) Russian roulette 玩俄罗斯轮盘赌. (b) (fig 比喻) any action or situation involving serious and unpredictable risks 严重而不可预测的冒险行动或情况.
Russo-
comb form 构词成分 Russian; of Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的; （泛指旧时）苏联的: the Russo-Japanese war 日俄战争 * Russophiles, ie people who are friendly to Russia or impressed by Russian achievements 亲俄的人.
rust
/ rQst; rQst/ n [U]  1 reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by the action of water and air 铁锈: badly corroded with rust 严重锈蚀的 * [attrib 作定语] rust patches 锈斑 * rust remover 除锈剂.  2 reddish-brown 赤褐（色）: [attrib 作定语] rust colour 赤褐色.3 (fungus causing a) plant disease with rust-coloured spots 锈病（植物疾病, 呈现铁锈色斑点）; 锈菌.
rust 
v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (sth) (away/through) (cause sth to) be affected with rust （使某物）生锈; （使某植物）生锈病: Brass doesn't rust. 黄铜不生锈. * The hinges had rusted away, ie been destroyed by rust. 铰链锈坏了. * The underneath of the car was badly rusted. 汽车底部锈得很厉害.
rusty 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 affected with rust 生锈的; 锈蚀的; 生锈病的: rusty nails 生锈的钉子.  2 [esp pred 尤作表语] (fig 比喻) of a poor quality or standard through lack of practice （因缺乏实践）质量或标准下降; 荒疏: My German, tennis, singing is rather rusty. 我久未练习, 德语、 网球、 唱歌水平低了很多. 
rustily 
adv. 
rustiness 
n [U].
rust-proof 
adj (of metal) treated to prevent rusting （指金属）经防锈处理的, 不锈的.  v [Tn] treat (metal) this way 对（金属）作防锈处理.
rustic
/ 5rQstIk; `rQstIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]1 (approv 褒) typical of the country or country people 有农村或村民特色的: rustic charm, peace, simplicity乡村的秀丽、 宁静、 简朴 * lead a rustic existence 过乡村生活. Cf 参看 rural.  2 rough and unrefined 粗野的; 不雅的: rustic accents, manners 粗俗的腔调、 举止.3 made of rough timber or untrimmed branches 用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的: a rustic bench, bridge, fence, etc 用粗糙木料制的长凳、 桥、 栅栏等.
rustic 
n (esp derog 尤作贬义) peasant or yokel 乡巴佬儿: country rustics 乡下佬儿.
rustically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
rusticity 
/ rQ5stIsEtI; rQs`tIsEtI/ n [U] being typical of the country in appearance or character 乡村的特点、 风格或气息.
rusticate
/ 5rQstIkeIt; `rQstI9ket/ v  1 [Tn] (Brit) send (a student) away from university temporarily, as a punishment 罚（大学生）暂时停学离校.  2 [I] (fml 文) settle in the country and lead a rural life 在农村定居. 
rustication 
/ 9rQstI5keIFn; 9rQstE`keFEn/ n [U].
rustle
/ 5rQsl; `rQsl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) make a dry light sound, esp by friction or rubbing together （使某物）发生轻而爽的声音（尤指摩擦或挤磨声）: Her silk dress rustled as she moved. 她走起路来, 丝质的连衣裙　　作响. * Leaves rustled gently in the breeze. 树叶迎著微风策策作响. * I wish people wouldn't rustle their programmes during the solos. 在独奏进行时,我希望人们不要把节目单翻得沙沙地响.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move along making such a sound 发著轻而爽的声音移动: Did you hear something rustling through the bushes? 你听见有东西在灌木丛中　　　　地移动吗?  3 [Tn] (US) steal (cattle or horses that are grazing in the wild) 偷盗（放牧中的牛或马）.  4 (phr v) rustle sth/sb up (infml 口) prepare or provide sth/sb, esp at short notice 准备, 提供, 张罗（尤指仓促间）: I'll rustle up some eggs and bacon for you. 我给你弄些鸡蛋和腌猪肉. * I rustled up a few helpers to hand out leaflets. 我找到几个助手散发传单.
rustle 
n [sing] rustling sound 轻而爽的声音: the rustle of banknotes, petticoats 钞票、 衬裙的娑娑声.
rustler 
/ 5rQslE(r); `rQslL/ n (US) cattle or horse thief 偷牛贼; 盗马贼.
rustling 
/ 5rQslIN; `rQslIN/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of the) sound made by sth that rustles 轻而爽的声音: mysterious rustlings at night 夜里神秘的瑟瑟声 * the rustling of dry leaves, sweet-papers 枯叶、 糖果纸的沙沙声.  2 [U] stealing of cattle or horses 偷牛; 偷马.
rut
/ rQt; rQt/ n [C]  1 deep track made by a wheel or wheels in soft ground; furrow 车辙; 　沟: My bike bumped over the ruts. 我的自行车在凹凸不平的车辙道上颠颠簸簸.  2 (idm 习语) be (stuck) in a `rut have a fixed and boring way of life 囿於刻板而乏味的生活方式. get into/out of a `rut start/stop leading a routine existence 开始[不再]过刻板的生活: It's time to get out of the 9 to 5 rut, ie of the normal working day. 应该摆脱开9点上班5点下班那种刻板的生活了.
rut 
v (-tt-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] mark (sth) with ruts 在（某物）上形成车辙; 使（某物）留下凹痕: The lane was rutted with tyre tracks. 这小巷有车胎轧出的凹痕. * a deeply rutted road 留有很深车辙的路.
rut
/ rQt; rQt/ n (also the rut) [U] periodic sexual excitement of a male deer, goat, ram, etc （雄性的鹿、 羊等的周期的）性冲动: stags fight during the rut 雄鹿之间在交配期的格斗.
rut 
v (-tt-) [I] be affected by this （雄性的鹿、 羊等周期地）性冲动: a rutting stag 准备交配的雄鹿.
rutabaga
/ 9ru:tE5beIgE; 9rutE`be^E/ n [C, U] (US) = swede.
ruthless
/ 5ru:WlIs; `ruWlIs/ adj  1 having or showing no pity or compassion; cruel 无怜悯心或同情心的; 残忍的: show ruthless disregard for other people's feelings 对别人的感情漠不关心 * a ruthless dictator 残酷的独裁者 * be utterly ruthless in one's determination to succeed 下决心争取成功对一切毫不留情.  2 never slackening or stopping; unremitting 决不松懈的; 永不停止的; 持久的: set off at a ruthless pace 勇往直前 * ruthless schedules, demands 决不放松的时间安排、 要求. 
ruthlessly 
adv: be ruthlessly efficient 永远保持高效率. 
ruthlessness 
n [U]: The terrorists' ruthlessness shocked the population. 恐怖分子极其残忍, 全体人民无不感到震惊.
-ry
=> -ery.
rye
/ raI; raI/ n  1 [U] (grain of a) type of cereal plant used for making flour or as food for cattle 黑麦; 黑麦粒: [attrib 作定语] rye bread 黑面包. =>illus at cereal 见cereal插图.  2 [C, U] (also rye whisky) (esp US) (glass of) whisky made from rye （一杯）黑麦威士忌酒.