A/S level
/ eI 5es levl; e 9Zs lZvl/ (in Britain) GCE examination of a standard between GCSE and Advanced level, allowing students to study more subjects than at Advanced level （英国）程度在普通中等教育证书与高级程度之间的一种普通教育证书考试, 及格者所学科目多於高级程度者.
c/s
abbr 缩写 = cps.
S, s
/ es; Zs/ n (pl S's, s's / 5esIz; `ZsIz/) the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十九个字母: `Say' begins with (an) `S'. say 一字以 s 字母开始.
S-bend 
n bend in a road shaped like an S  S形的弯路.
S
abbr 缩写 =  1 (pl SS) Saint. Cf 参看 St 1.  2 (esp on clothing) small (size) （尤用於衣物）小（号）.  3 (US also So) south(ern): S Yorkshire 约克郡南部.
s
abbr 缩写 =  1 (in former British currency) shilling(s)（旧时英国货币的）先令.  2 (esp on forms) single (status)（尤用於表格中）单身.
SA
abbr 缩写 =  1 (religion 宗) Salvation Army.  2 / 9es 5eI;9Zs `e/ (infml 口) sex appeal.  3 South Africa.
Sabbatarian
/ 9sAbE5teErIEn; 9sAbE`tZrIEn/ n Christian who believes that on the sabbath one should go to church and not work, take part in sports, etc 严守安息日的基督徒（认为安息日只应去做礼拜而不应工作、 参加体育运动等者）. 
Sabbatarian 
adj [attrib 作定语]: Sabbatarian beliefs, principles 严守安息日的教徒的信仰、 教义.
sabbath
/ 5sAbEW; `sAbEW/ n the sabbath [sing] day of the week intended for rest and worship of God (Saturday for Jews and Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教为星期六, 基督教为星期日）: keep/break the sabbath, ie (not) work or play on the sabbath 守[不守]安息日 * [attrib 作定语] the sabbath day 安息日.
sabbatical
/ sE5bAtIkl; sE`bAtIkl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (of leave) given at intervals to academics for travel, study, etc （指假期）给大学教师的（用於旅行、 研究等）: a sabbatical term, year, etc 大学教师的休假学期、 学年等.  2 (fml 文) of or like the sabbath （似）安息日的.
sabbatical 
n [C, U] (period of) sabbatical leave （大学教师的）休假（期间）: a one-year sabbatical 为期一年的休假 * be on sabbatical 在休假.
sable
/ 5seIbl; `sebl/ n  1 [C] small Arctic mammal, valued for its dark fur 紫貂; 黑貂.  2 [U] fur of this mammal 紫貂皮: [attrib 作定语] a sable coat, stole, etc 紫貂皮大衣、 披肩等. 
sable 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) black; dark; gloomy 黑色的; 暗的; 阴暗的.
sabot
/ 5sAbEU; ?@ sA5bEU; sA`bo/ n shoe hollowed out of a single piece of wood, or having a wooden sole 木鞋（用整块木头挖成的）; 木底鞋.
sabotage
/ 5sAbEtB:V; `sAbE9tBV/ n [U] damage done secretly to prevent an enemy, a competitor, etc succeeding, esp by destroying his weapons or equipment and spoiling his plans 阴谋破坏（尤指摧毁对方武器或装备以及挫败对方计画等行为）: Was the fire an accident or (an act of) sabotage? 这场大火是意外事故还是有人破坏?
sabotage 
v [Tn] secretly damage, destroy or spoil (sth) 阴谋破坏（某事物）: sabotage a missile, a ship, an engine, etc 毁坏导弹、 船、 发动机等 * sabotage sb's plans, business 破坏某人的计画、 生意 * They tried to sabotage my party by getting drunk. 他们想藉耍酒疯来破坏我的宴会.
saboteur 
/ 9sAbE5t\:(r); 9sAbE`t[/ n person who commits sabotage 搞阴谋破坏的人.
sabra
/ 5sB:brE; `sBbrE/ n (esp US) Israeli Jew born in Israel 在以色列出生的犹太人.
sabre (US saber) 
/ 5seIbE(r); `sebL/ n  1 heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade （骑兵用的弯刃的）军刀, 马刀. =>illus at sword 见sword插图.  2 light sword with a tapering blade, used in fencing (fence2) （击剑时用的）尖细的轻剑. Cf 参看 epee, foil3.
sabre-rattling 
n [U] attempts to frighten sb by threatening to attack or punish him 武力盛胁; 炫耀武力: Her speech is mere sabre-rattling, ie She will not carry out her threats. 她讲的话只不过是吓唬人而已. * [attrib 作定语] sabre-rattling tactics 武力威胁手段.
sabre-toothed tiger 
tiger, now extinct, having (usu two) sabre-like teeth 剑齿虎（已绝种）.
sac
/ sAk; sAk/ n bag-like part of an animal or plant （动植物组织中的）囊, 液囊.
SAC
abbr 缩写 = (US) Strategic Air Command 战略空军司令部.
saccharin
/ 5sAkErIn; `sAkErIn/ n [U] very sweet substance used as a substitute for sugar 糖精.
saccharine 
/ -ri:n; -9rin/ adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) very sweet; too sweet 极甜的; 太甜的: a saccharine taste 极甜的味道 * (fig 比喻) a saccharine smile 谄笑 * I found the film far too saccharine. 我觉得这部电影太缠绵了.
sacerdotal
/ 9sAsE5dEUtl; 9sAsL`dotl/ adj (fml 文)  1 of a priest or priests 牧师的; 神甫的; 司铎的.  2 (of a doctrine, etc) claiming supernatural powers for ordained priests （指教义等）认为神职人员有超自然力的. 
sacerdotalism 
/ -tElIzEm; -tl9IzEm/ n [U].
sachet
/ 5sAFeI; ?@ sA5FeI; sA`Fe/ n  1 sealed plastic or paper pack containing a small amount of a product （用以装少量物品的）封口的塑料袋或纸袋: a sachet of sugar, sauce, shampoo, etc 一小袋食糖、 沙司、 洗发剂等.  2 small bag containing a sweet-smelling substance, placed among clothes, etc to scent them （置於衣物等中的）香囊, 香料袋.
sack
/ sAk; sAk/ n  1 (contents of) any large bag of strong material used for storing and carrying eg cement, coal, flour, potatoes 大口袋（用以存放或装运水泥、 煤、 面粉、 马铃薯等的）; 大口袋所装之物: The sack split and the rice poured out. 口袋裂开了, 大米撒出来了.  2 (US) (contents of) any bag （任何的）口袋（所盛之物）: a sack of candies 一包糖果 * two sacks of groceries 两袋杂货.  3 (also `sack dress) short loose straight dress 布袋装（宽松直筒短装）.  4 (idm 习语) hit the hay/sack => hit1.
sackful 
/ -fUl; -fJl/ n quantity held by a sack 一袋的量: two sackfuls of flour 两袋面粉.
sacking 
n [U] cloth, eg coarse flax or hemp, used for making sacks 做口袋用的布（如麻布）.
sackcloth 
n [U]  1 = sacking.  2 (idm 习语) ,sackcloth and `ashes signs of repentance or mourning 忏悔; 哀悼.
sack-race 
n race in which competitors put both legs in a sack and move forward by jumping 套袋赛跑（双腿套入袋内跳跃前进的竞赛）.
sack
/ sAk; sAk/ v [Tn] (infml 口 esp Brit) dismiss (sb) from a job; fire 解雇（某人）: be sacked for incompetence 因能力不够而被解雇.
the sack 
n [sing] dismissal from a job 解雇: give sb/get the sack 解雇某人[遭解雇] * It's the sack for you! ie You are going to be dismissed. 要把你解雇了!
sack
/ sAk; sAk/ v [Tn] steal or destroy property in (a captured town, etc) 劫掠, 毁坏（一占领的城市等）. 
the sack 
n [sing] act or process of sacking a town, etc （对占领的城市等的）劫掠, 毁坏: the sack of Troy 对特洛伊的洗劫.
sack
/ sAk; sAk/ n [U] (arch 古) dry white wine made in Spain or the Canary Islands （西班牙或加那利群岛产的）乾白葡萄酒.
sacrament
/ 5sAkrEmEnt; `sAkrEmEnt/ n  1 [C] ritual act in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and other Christian Churches through which those who take part believe they receive a special grace from God 圣事; 圣礼: the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, confession, etc 洗礼、 坚信礼、 告解.  2 the `sacrament [sing] (also the ,Blessed `Sacrament, the ,Holy `Sacrament) the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist; Holy Communion 圣餐; 圣餐礼: receive the sacrament 领圣餐.
sacramental 
/ 9sAkrE5mentl; 9sAkrE`mZntl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or connected with the sacraments 圣餐的; 圣礼的: sacramental wine 圣餐中的葡萄酒.
sacred
/ 5seIkrId; `sekrId/ adj  1 connected with or dedicated to God or a god; connected with religion神圣的; 宗教的: a sacred rite, place, image 宗教仪式、 圣地、 圣像 * a sacred building, eg a church, mosque, synagogue or temple 宗教建筑物（如教堂、 回教寺、 犹太教会堂或寺庙） * sacred music, ie for use in religious services 圣乐（宗教仪式中用的音乐） * sacred writings, eg the Koran, the Bible 宗教经典（如古兰经、 圣经）.  2 ~ (to sb) regarded with great respect or reverence 受崇敬的; 不可冒犯的: In India the cow is a sacred animal. 在印度, 牛是神圣的动物. * Her marriage is sacred to her. 她认为自己的婚姻至高无上. * (joc 谑) They've changed the time of the news  is nothing sacred?把新闻时间改了--什麽都不当一回事了?  3 (fml 文) (of an obligation, etc) regarded as very important; solemn （指义务等）认为重要的, 庄严的: a sacred promise, task 郑重的诺言、 重大的任务 * hold a promise sacred 信守诺言 * regard sth as a sacred duty 视某事为神圣的职责.  4 ~ to sb/sth (phrase seen on tombstones and monuments to the dead 用於墓碑及对死者的纪念碑上的词语) dedicated to sb/sth 献给某人[某事物]: sacred to the memory of... 献给....  5 (idm 习语) a sacred `cow an idea, institution, etc that many think should not be criticized神圣不可侵犯的思想、 机构、 制度等: Let's not make a sacred cow of the monarchy. 咱们别把君主政体奉若神明. 
sacredly 
adv. 
sacredness 
n [U].
sacrifice
/ 5sAkrIfaIs; `sAkrE9faIs/ n  1 ~ (to sb) (a) [U] offering of sth valuable, often a slaughtered animal, to a god 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter 用牛祭祀古罗马主神朱庇特. (b) [C] such an offering; thing offered in this way 供品; 祭品; 牺牲: kill a sheep as a sacrifice 宰羊用作祭品.  2 (a) [U] giving up of sth, usu in return for sth more important or valuable 放弃某事物（通常指为获得更重要或更有价值的东西）: Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles.为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的. * He became a top sportsman at some sacrifice to himself, ie by training very hard, giving up many pleasures, etc. 他付出了一些代价才成为优秀运动员. (b) [C] thing given up in this way 牺牲的事物: Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲.
sacrifice 
v  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ to sb; ~ sth (to sb) make a sacrifice(1) of (sth) to sb 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: sacrifice to idols 供奉偶像 * sacrifice a lamb to the gods 以羊羔祭祀众神.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give up sth as a sacrifice(2) 牺牲某事物: She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业. * The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy, ie have made the car less comfortable in order to sell it at a low price. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想. * I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西.
sacrificial 
/ 9sAkrI5fIFl; 9sAkrE`fIFEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a sacrifice （似）供奉（品）的, 献祭（品）的, 祭祀（品）的, 牺牲（品）的. 
sacrificially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv.
sacrilege
/ 5sAkrIlIdV; `sAkrElIdV/ n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (act of) treating a sacred thing or place with disrespect 渎圣（亵渎圣物或圣地的行为）: It is (a) sacrilege to steal a crucifix from an altar. 从圣坛窃取耶稣受难像是亵渎神灵的行为. * (fig 比喻) She regarded the damage done to the painting as sacrilege. 她认为毁坏了那幅画是大逆不道的事. 
sacrilegious 
/ 9sAkrI5lIdVEs; 9sAkrI`lIdVEs/ adv. 
sacrilegiously 
adv.
sacristan
/ 5sAkrIstEn; `sAkrIstEn/ n person who looks after the contents of a church and prepares the altar for services 圣器保管员.
sacristy
/ 5sAkrIstI; `sAkrIstI/ n room in a church where a priest puts on his vestments and where the vestments, candles, etc are kept （教堂的）圣器收藏室.
sacrosanct
/ 5sAkrEUsANkt; `sAkro9sANkt/ adj (often ironic 常作反语) considered too important to be changed, argued about, etc 神圣不可侵犯的: You can't cut spending on defence, that's sacrosanct! 国防开支可削减不得--那可是关天关地的事!
sad
/ sAd; sAd/ adj (-dder, -ddest)  1 showing or causing sorrow; unhappy 悲哀的; 忧愁的; 难过的: a sad look, event, story 忧愁的表情、 伤心的事件、 悲惨的故事 * John is sad because his dog has died. 约翰因为自己的狗死了非常伤心. * I'm sad you're leaving. 你要走了, 我很难过. * It was a sad day for us all when the school closed down. 学校关闭那天, 我们都很悲痛. * Why is she looking so sad? 她为什麽愁容满面?  2 [attrib 作定语] worthy of blame or criticism; bad 该受责备或批评的; 坏的: a sad state of affairs 很糟糕的情况 * a sad case of cruelty 非常残忍的事.  3 making one feel pity or regret 令人遗憾或惋惜的: This once beautiful ship is in a sad condition now. 那麽漂亮的船现在成了这种样子了.  4 (idm 习语) ,sadder but `wiser having learnt sth important from a disappointing mistake or failure 从错误和失败吸取重要教训: The divorce left him a sadder but a wiser man. 他离婚是吃一堑长一智. sad to say (used esp at the beginning of a sentence 尤用於句首) unfortunately 不幸的是: Sad to say, she hasn't given us permission to do it. 不幸的是, 她没准许我们做这件事.
sadden 
/ 5sAdn; `sAdn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) become sad （使某人）悲哀, 忧愁: He saddened at the memory of her death. 他想到她已死去就很难过. * Thebad news saddened us. 我们得知这个坏消息後非常伤心.
sadly 
adv  1 in a sad manner 悲哀地; 忧愁地: She looked at him sadly. 她很难过地看著他.  2 regrettably 令人遗憾地; 惋惜地: a sadly neglected garden 荒废得很可惜的花园.  3 unfortunately 不幸地: Sadly, we have no more money. 我们可惜没有钱了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见 hopeful.
sadness 
n  1 [U] being sad 悲哀; 忧伤.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that makes one sad 令人悲哀或忧伤的事物: One of the many sadnesses in his life was that he never had children. 他一生中的一大憾事就是膝下犹虚.
saddle
/ 5sAdl; `sAdl/ n (a) seat, often of leather, for a rider on a horse, donkey, etc or on a bicycle or motor cycle 鞍; 鞍座; （自行车或摩托车的）车座. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. (b) part of a horse's back on which this is placed 马背装鞍的部位.  2 ridge of high land rising to high points at each end 两峰间的凹下部分; 鞍状山脊. => illus at mountain 见mountain插图.  3 joint of meat from the back of an animal, together with part of the backbone and ribs （动物的）带脊骨和肋骨的大块肉: a saddle of lamb, venison, beef, etc 羊脊肉、 鹿脊肉、 牛脊肉.  4 (idm 习语) in the `saddle (a) on horseback 骑著马: spend hours in the saddle 骑马数小时. (b) (fig 比喻) in a position of control 处於控制地位: The director hopes to remain in the saddle (ie in his job) for a few more years. 该董事希望再多留任几年.
saddle 
v  1 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ up; ~ sth (up) put a saddle on (a horse) 给（马）装鞍: saddle up and ride off 套上鞍骑走 * saddle one's pony (up) 给小马套上鞍.  2 (phr v) saddle sb with sth give sb an unwelcome responsibility, task, etc 让某人承担使人厌恶的责任、 任务等: I've been saddled with the job of organizing the conference. 组织会议这件倒霉事交给我了. * The boss saddled her with all the most difficult customers. 老板把那些最难应付的顾客全推给她了.
saddler 
/ 5sAdlE(r); `sAdlL/ n maker of saddles and leather goods for horses 鞍匠; 马具师. 
saddlery
/ 5sAdlErI; `sAdlErI/ n  1 [U] (a) goods made or sold by a saddler 马具. (b) the art of making these 马具制造术.  2 [C] saddler's business 马具业.
saddle-bag 
n  1 either of a pair of bags laid over the back of a horse or donkey 马褡子; 驴褡子.  2 bag attached to the back of a bicycle saddle （自行车後座上的）挂包.
saddle-sore 
adj (of a rider) sore and stiff after riding （指骑马人）（骑马後）疼痛并发僵的.
saddle stitching 
long running-stitch made with thick thread, used decoratively 鞍形针迹.
sadhu
/ 5sB:du:; `sBdu/ n Hindu holy man who lives an ascetic life 衣食简朴的印度教圣人.
sadism
/ 5seIdIzEm; `sedIzEm/ n [U] (a) enjoyment of watching or inflicting cruelty 施虐狂: sadism in the treatment of prisoners 从虐待囚犯中得到的乐趣. (b) getting sexual pleasure from this 性施虐狂. Cf 参看 masochism.
sadist 
/ 5seIdIst; `sedIst/ person who practises sadism 有施虐狂的人; 有性欲施虐狂的人.
sadistic 
/ sE5dIstIk; sE`dIstIk/ adj of or showing sadism 有施虐狂的; 表现性欲施虐的: sadistic laughter 施虐狂般的笑声 * a sadistic teacher 以虐待学生为乐的教师. 
sadistically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sado-masochism
/ 9seIdEU5mAsEkIzEm; 9sedo`mAsEkIzm/n [U] combination of sadism and masochism in one person, each type of behaviour being displayed at different times 施虐受虐狂; 性施虐受虐狂. 
sado-masochist 
/ 9seIdEU5mAsEkIst; 9sedo`mAsEkIst/ adj, n.
sae
/ 9es eI 5i:; 9Zs e `i/ abbr 缩写 = stamped addressed envelope 贴有邮票并写好地址的信封: enclose sae for reply 附贴有邮票并写明地址的信封以便作覆.
safari
/ sE5fB:rI; sE`fBrI/ n (pl -ris) [U, C]  1 hunting expedition or overland journey, esp in E or Central Africa 游猎, 陆路旅行（尤指在东非或中非）: on safari 在东非游猎 * return from (a) safari 中非陆路旅行归来.  2 similar expedition organized as a holiday tour 类似游猎的假日旅行.
safari park 
park where wild animals are kept in the open for visitors to see from their cars as they drive around （可开车四处观赏的）野生动物园.
safari suit 
casual suit in linen or a similar fabric 游猎便装.
safe
/ seIf; sef/ adj ( -r, -st)  1 [pred 作表语]  ~ (from sth/sb) protected from danger and harm; secure 安全; 平安; 无危险: You'll be safe here. 你在这里很安全. * safe from attack/attackers 免受攻击[他人攻击].  2 [pred 作表语] not or unlikely to be damaged, hurt, lost, etc 不会或不致受到损害、 伤害、 损失等: The missing child was found safe and well. 失踪的孩子已经找到, 平安无事. * She got back safe from her adventure. 她有惊无险已安全返回. * The plane crashed but the crew are safe. 那架飞机失事了, 但机组人员都安然无恙. * Will the car be safe outside? 汽车停在外面安全吗? * Your secret is safe with me, ie I will not tell it to anyone. 我一定给你保密.  3 not likely to cause or lead to damage, injury, loss, etc 不致引起或导致损害、 损伤、 损失等的: a safe car, speed, road 安全的汽车、 速度、 道路 * safer methods of testing drugs 检验药物的更可靠的方法 * Is that ladder safe? 那梯子结实吗? * It's not safe to go out at night. 夜晚出门不安全. * Are the toys safe for small children? 小孩儿玩儿这样的玩具有危险吗? * a safe investment, ie that will not lose money 无风险的投资 * Put it in a safe place, ie where it will not be stolen, lost, etc. 把它放在安全的地方.  4 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person) unlikely to do dangerous things; cautious （指人）不冒险的, 小心的: a safe driver, worker, goalkeeper 谨慎的驾驶员、 工人、 守门员. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) showing a cautious attitude 谨小慎微的: a safe choice 过於小心的选择 * They appointed a safe person as the new manager, eg one unlikely to make changes, offend people, etc. 他们任命了一个谨小慎微的人担任新经理.  5 (idm 习语) better safe than sorry => better2 . for safe `keeping to be kept safely, protected, etc 妥善保管、 保护等: Before the game I gave my watch to my wife for safe keeping. 我在比赛前把手表交妻子保管. in (sb's) safe `keeping being kept safely, protected, etc (by sb) 由（某人）保管、 保护等: Can I leave the children in your safe keeping? 我把孩子交给你看管行吗?  on the `safe side taking no risks 为慎重起见; 以防万一: Although the sun was shining, I took an umbrella (just) to be on the safe side. 虽然有太阳, 但我仍带了雨伞以防万一. play (it) `safe carefully avoid risks 小心避开危险; 稳重行事: The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now. 公共汽车可能早到, 因此我们得稳妥点, 现在就动身. ,safe and `sound unharmed 平安无事: The rescuers brought the climbers back safe and sound. 救援人员把登山的人都平安地救了回来. (as) safe as `houses very safe 非常安全: If you fix the brakes the car will be as safe as houses. 把制动器修好, 汽车就非常安全了. a safe bet thing that is certain to be successful 肯定成功的事情: I'm wearing black for the party  it's always a safe bet. 我穿黑色礼服参加聚会--万无一失. > safely adv. safeness n [U]: a feeling of safeness 安全感.
safe conduct 
(document granting) freedom from the danger of attack, arrest, etc when passing through an area 安全通行权; 安全通行证: The robbers wanted safe conduct to the airport for themselves and their hostages. 劫匪要求保证他们自己以及他们劫持的人质去机场的安全.
safe deposit (US ,safe deposit) 
building containingstrong-rooms and safes which people may rent separatelyfor storing valuables 贵重物品保管处（其保险箱可供人租用）. safe-deposit box small safe in such a building （贵重物品保管处的）保险箱.
safe house 
house used by criminals, secret agents, etc, where sb can be kept without being discovered or disturbed 罪犯、 特务等用来藏匿人的房子.
the safe period 
time just before and during a woman's period when sexual intercourse is unlikely to make her pregnant 安全期（妇女受孕可能性极小的时期）.
safe seat 
(Brit) Parliamentary seat which a candidate for a particular party cannot lose 保险席位（一政党候选人肯定可以得到的国会议席）.
safe
/ seIf; sef/ n strong lockable box, cabinet, etc for storing valuables 保险箱; 保险柜.
safe-breaker (Brit) (also esp US `safe-cracker) 
n person who breaks into safes to steal valuables 破开保险箱的盗贼.
safeguard
/ 5seIfgB:d; `sef9^Brd/ n ~ (against sb/sth) thing that serves as a protection from harm, risk or danger 安全设施; 保护性措施: We make copies of our computer disks as a safeguard against accidents. 我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外. * We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud. 我们为制止诈骗活动要采取法律保护措施.
safeguard 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sb/sth) protect or guard sb/sth 保护或保卫某人[某事物]: We have found a way of safeguarding our money. 我们已有了保护钱财的办法. * a high fence that safeguards (the house) against intruders 防止外人擅入（房子）的高栅栏 * new ways of safeguarding personal data, ie so that it will remain private 保护私人资料的新方法.
safety
/ 5seIftI; `seftI/ n [U]  1 being safe; not being dangerous or in danger 安全; 平安: I'm worried about the safety of the children, ie I'm afraid something may happen to them. 我为孩子们的安全担心. * I'm worried about the safety of the product, ie I'm afraid it may be dangerous. 我担心使用这种产品是否安全. * We reached the safety of the river bank, ie a place where we would be safe. 我们到了河岸的安全地带. * We're keeping you here for your own safety. 我们让你呆在这里是为了你自身的安全. * road safety, ie stopping accidentson the roads 道路安全 * [attrib 作定语] safety precautions安全保护措施 * a safety harness, bolt 安全带、 保险螺栓.  2 (idm 习语) ,safety `first (saying 谚) safety is the most important thing 安全第一. there's ,safety in `numbers (saying 谚) being in a group makes one feel more confident 人多势众: We decided to go to see the boss together; there's safety in numbers. 我们决定一起去找老板, 人多胆壮.
safety-belt 
n  1 = seat-belt (seat).  2 strap securing a person, eg sb working on a high building 安全带（如高空作业用的）.
safety-catch 
n device that prevents the dangerous or accidental operation of a machine, etc, esp one that stops a gun being fired accidentally 安全制动装置; （尤指枪炮上的）保险栓: Is the safety-catch on? 保险栓拉上了吗?
safety curtain 
fireproof curtain that can be lowered between the stage and the auditorium of a theatre （剧院舞台与观众席之间可降落的）防火幕.
safety glass 
glass that does not shatter or splinter when broken 安全玻璃（不易破碎或破碎时不易散落的）.
safety island (also `safety zone) 
(US) = traffic island (traffic).
safety lamp 
miner's lamp in which the flame is protected so that it will not ignite dangerous gases （矿工的）安全灯.
safety match 
match that will only ignite when rubbed against a special surface, eg on the side of the matchbox 安全火柴.
safety net  
1 net placed to catch an acrobat, etc if he should fall （杂技演员等用的）安全网.  2 (fig 比喻) arrangement that helps to prevent disaster if sth goes wrong 安全保障措施: If I lose my job, I've got no safety net. 我丢掉这份工作就无计可施了.
safety-pin 
n pin like a brooch, with the point bent back towards the head and covered by a guard when closed 别针.
safety razor 
razor with a guard to prevent the blade cutting the skin 安全剃刀; 保险刀.
safety-valve 
n  1 valve that releases pressure in a steam boiler, etc when it becomes too great 安全阀. => illus at pan 见 pan 插图.  2 (fig 比喻) way of releasing feelings of anger, resentment, etc harmlessly （无害地）发泄怒气、 怨恨等的方式: My hobby is a good safety-valve for the tension that builds up at work. 我用业余爱好来消除工作中产生的紧张情绪.
saffron
/ 5sAfrEn; `sAfrEn/ n [U] (colour of the) bright orange strands obtained from the flowers of the autumn crocus, used in cooking 藏红花的橘黄色色丝（用於烹饪）; 橘黄色. 
saffron 
adj: saffron robes 橘黄色长袍.
sag
/ sAg; sA^/ v (-gg-) [I]  1 sink or curve down in the middle under weight or pressure （因负重或受压）向下凹或中间下陷: a sagging roof 下陷的屋顶 * The tent began to sag as the canvas became wet. 帐篷因帆布湿了中间有些下坠.  2 hang loosely or unevenly 松弛或不整齐地悬著: old torn curtains sagging at one end 垂在一端的破旧窗帘 * Your skin starts to sag as you get older. 人一老皮肤就松弛了.
sag 
n [U, sing] extent to which sth sags; sagging 下陷或松弛的程度; 下陷或松弛: too much sag in the mattress 床垫过於松弛 * a sag in the seat of the chair 椅子座位部分的凹陷.
saga
/ 5sB:gE; `sB^E/ n  1 long story of heroic deeds, esp of Icelandic or Norwegian heroes 长篇英雄故事, 萨迦（尤指冰岛或挪威的英雄的）.  2 story of a long series of events or adventures, esp one involving several generations of people （情节曲折或惊险的）长篇故事（尤指家世小说）: The Forsyte Saga 《福赛特世家》 * His biography is a saga of scientific research. 他的传记就是一部科研记实. * (joc 谑) the latest episode in her house-hunting saga 在她寻找住房漫长过程中最近发生的新鲜事.
sagacious
/ sE5geIFEs; sE`^eFEs/ adj (fml 文) showing wisdom and good judgement 睿智的; 精明的; 有判断力的: a sagacious person, remark, decision 精明的人、 精辟的论断、 英明的决定.
sagaciously 
adv.
sagacity 
/ sE5gAsEtI; sE`^AsEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) quality of being sagacious; wisdom and good judgement 睿智; 精明; 精确的判断: Sagacity, unlike cleverness, may increase with age. 睿智与聪明不同, 前者可与年龄俱增.
sage
/ seIdV; sedV/ n (fml 文) very wise man 圣人; 贤哲; 智者: consult the sages of the tribe 向部落的智者求教.
sage 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml often ironic 文, 常作反语) wise or wise-looking 贤明的; 貌似聪明的: a sage judge, priest, ruler, etc 贤明的法官、 牧师、 统治者等 * in the sage opinion of experienced journalists 根据有经验记者的高见. 
sagely 
adv.
sage
/ seIdV; sedV/ n [U] herb with fragrant greyish-green leaves used to flavour food 鼠尾草（叶色灰绿, 用於调味）: sage and onion stuffing, ie used to stuff a goose, duck, etc 鼠尾草和洋葱填料（用作烹调鹅、 鸭等者）.
sage-brush 
n [U] plant with a fragrance like sage growing in the US 灌木蒿（产於美国, 有鼠尾草味）.
Sagittarius
/ 9sAdVI5teErIEs; 9sAdVI`tZrIEs/ n  1 [U] the ninth sign of the zodiac, the Archer 人马宫（黄道第九宫）.  2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属人马宫星座的人. =>illus at zodiac 见 zodiac 插图.
Sagittarian 
/ -5teErIEn; -`tZrIEn/ n, adj. => Usage at zodiac 用法见 zodiac.
sago
/ 5seIgEU; `se^o/ n [U] starchy food in the form of hard white grains, used in puddings, obtained from the pith of a type of palm-tree (the sago-palm) 西米, 西谷米（用棕榈茎髓制的白色硬粒状的淀粉质食物）.
sahib
/ sB:b, 5sB:Ib; `sBIb/ n (often used in India, formerly, to address or refer to a) male European, usu with some social or official status （常用於印度, 旧时用作对欧洲男子直接或间接的称呼）老爷（通常用以指有社会地位或官职者）.
said
/ sed; sZd/  1 pt, pp of say.  2 adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) = aforementioned.
sail
/ seIl; sel/ n  1 (a) [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) sheet of canvas spread to catch the wind and drive a ship or boat along 帆: hoist/lower the sails 扬[下]帆 * the `foresail 前桅帆 * the `mainsail 主帆. (b) [U] sails; propulsion by means of sails 帆（总称）; （扬帆）航行: put on more sail 多扯起些帆 * take in sail 收回些帆 * the age of sail, ie when ships all used sails 帆船时代.  2 [sing] (a) voyage or excursion on water for pleasure 航行游览: go for a sail 乘船游玩. (b) voyage of a specified length 航程: a three-day sail to get to Brest 到布雷斯特的三天航程 * How many days' sail is it from Hull to Oslo? 从赫尔到奥斯陆有几天的航程?  3 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (nautical 海) ship 船: a fleet of twenty sail 有二十艘船的船队 * There wasn't a sail in sight. 一条船也看不见.  4 [C] set of slats attached to the arm of a windmill to catch the wind 风车的翼板. =>illus at windmill 见windmill插图.  5 (idm 习语) crowdon sail =>crowd2. in full sail => full. set sail (from/to/for...) begin a voyage 起航: We set sail (for France) at high tide. 我们在涨潮时起航（去法国）. take the wind out of sb's sails => wind1.  under `sail (moving) with sails spread 扬著帆（行进）: The yacht wasn't under sail because the wind wasn't strong enough. 风不够大, 赛艇未能扬起风帆.
sailboat 
n (US) boat driven by sails 帆船.
sailcloth 
n [U] canvas for sails 帆布.
sail
/ seIl; sel/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] travel on water in a ship, yacht, etc using sails or engine power; move forward on ice, a sandy beach, etc in a wheeled vehicle with sails （乘船或机帆船、 游艇等）作水上旅行; （坐带帆的轮式运载工具）在冰上或沙滩上滑行: sail up/along the coast 向[沿]海岸航行 * sail into the harbour 驶入海港 * an oil tanker sailing by 驶过的油轮. (b) [I] (usu 通常作 go sailing) travel on water in a boat with sails, esp as a sport 乘帆船航行; （尤指）帆船运动. =>Usage at travel 用法见travel.  2 [I, Ipr] ~  (from...) (for/to...) (of a ship or the crew and passengers) begin a voyage （指船或船员和乘客）起航: When does the ship sail? 这船何时起航? * He has sailed (from Southampton) for New York. 他已乘船（从南安普顿）去纽约了.  3 [Tn] travel by ship across or on (a sea, an ocean, etc) 乘船在（海洋等）上或越过（海洋等）旅行: sail the Aegean in a cruiser 乘游艇在爱琴海上旅游.  4 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (be able to) control (a ship or boat) （能）驾驶（船）: Do you sail? 你会驾驶船吗? * She sails her own yacht. 她驾驶自己的游艇. * He sailed the boat between the islands. 他驾驶著船在两岛之间航行.  5 (idm 习语) run/sail before the wind => wind 1. sail close/near to the `wind behave in a way that is dangerous or nearly illegal 干危险或近乎违法的事: He never actually tells lies, but he often sails pretty close to the wind. 他实际上从不撒谎, 但说的话常迹近撒谎.  6 (phr v) sail across, into, past, etc sb/sth move in a smooth or very confident way in the direction specified 顺利地或极有信心地沿某方向行进: clouds sailing across the sky 轻快地飘过天空的云彩 * The manager sailed into the room. 经理神态自若地走进房间. * She sailed past (me), ignoring me completely. 她从我身旁翩然走过, 全然不理会我. sail in enter an argument or dispute energetically 参与激烈争论或辩论: Ann then sailed in with a furious attack on the chairman. 安随後严词抨击董事长. sail into sb attack sb in words 抨击某人: He sailed into the witness, accusing him of lying. 他指责证人撒谎. sail through (sth) come through (an examination, a test, etc) without difficulty 顺利通过（考试、 测验等）: She sailed through her finals. 她顺利通过期末考试.
sailing 
n  1 [U] travelling in a yacht, dinghy, etc, esp as a sport 驾驶帆船航行（尤指作为运动）: I love sailing. 我喜欢帆船运动. * [attrib 作定语] a sailing club, dinghy 帆船俱乐部、 帆船.  2 [C] voyage made regularly; departure of a ship on a voyage （轮船的）航班; 起船: three sailings a day from here to Calais 从这里到加来每日三次轮船航班.  3 (idm 习语) plain sailing => plain1. 
sailing-boat, `sailing-ship 
ns boat or ship that uses sails 帆船. =>illus at dinghy 见插图 dinghy.
sailor
/ 5seIlE(r); `selL/ n  1 member of a ship's crew, esp one below the rank of officer; seaman 海员; 水手.  2 (idm 习语) a good/bad `sailor person who seldom/often becomes seasick in rough weather （风浪大时）不大[常易]晕船的人.
sailor hat 
straw hat with a flat top and straight brim 平顶直边草帽.
sailor suit 
suit for a child made in the style of a sailor's uniform （儿童的）水手装.
saint
/ seInt or, in British use, before names, 用於姓名前, 英式英语读作 snt; sent/ n  1 (a) (abbr 缩写 St, esp before the names of places, churches, etc 尤用於地名、 教堂名称等专名之前) person who has been declared by the Christian Church to have deserved veneration through holy living, performing miracles, etc （基督教会宣布的）圣徒: the gospel of St John 圣约翰所记载的福音 * St Andrew's Road 圣安德鲁路. (b) holy person 圣人.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) person who has died and is in heaven 死亡後已在天国的人; 死者: in the company of the saints 已死亡.  3 unselfish or patient person 无私的人; 有耐心的人: You must be a saint to be able to stand his temper! 能受得了他的脾气, 一定得非常有涵养!
sainted 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated or joc旧或谑) declared to be or regarded as a saint 被宣布为圣徒的; 被视为圣人的: My sainted aunt! ie as an exclamation expressing surprise. 我的妈呀! （表示惊讶的用语）.
sainthood 
n [U].
saintly 
adj ( -ier, -iest) of or like a saint; very holy or good （似）圣徒的; （似）圣人的; 神圣的; 崇高的: a saintly way of life 圣洁的生活方式 * a saintly expression on her face 她面部圣徒般慈祥的表情. 
saintliness 
n [U].
saint's day 
day of the year when a saint is celebrated, and on which (in some countries) people who are named after that saint also have celebrations 圣徒纪念日（纪念某一圣徒者, 有些国家亦同时庆祝以该圣徒之名命名的人）.
je ne sais quoi
/ VE nE seI 5kwB:; VE nE se `kwB/ (French 法) (usu pleasing) quality that is difficult to describe （通常指好的）难以描述的特性: His new play has a certain je ne sais quoi. 他的这出新戏有些地方真是妙不可言.
sake
/ seIk; sek/ n (idm 习语)  for God's, goodness', Heaven's, pity's, etc sake (used as an interjection before or after a command or request, or to express irritation 用作感叹语, 可置於表示命令或要求的词语之前或之後, 或表示恼怒): For God's sake, stop that whining! 看在上帝面上, 别号叫了! * For goodness' sake! How can you be so stupid? 天哪! 你怎麽这麽笨哪? for old times' sake =>old. for the sake of argument as the basis of a discussion 为便於讨论: Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that inflation will remain at 5% per year for two years. 为便於讨论, 咱们先假设通货膨胀率连续两年均为5%. for the sake of sb/sth; for sb's/sth's sake in order to help sb/sth or because one likes sb/sth 为了某人[某事物]（起见）: do sth for the sake of one's family 为家庭做某事 * I'll help you for your sister's sake, eg because I want to save her trouble. 看在你姐姐面上, 我来帮你. for the sake of sth/doing sth in order to get or keep sth 为获得或保持某事物: We made concessions for the sake of peace. 为了和平我们做出了让步. * She argues for the sake of arguing, ie because she likes arguing. 她因为好辩而与人争论. * Let's not spoil the job for the sake of a few pounds. 咱们不要为了几英镑而把工作弄糟.
sake (also saki) 
/ 5sB:kI; `sBkI/ n [U] Japanese alcoholic drink made from fermented rice 日本米酒.
sal volatile
/ 9sAl vE5lAtElI; 9sAl vE`lAtl9I/ n [U] sharp-smelling solution of ammonium carbonate given to sb to sniff if he is faint or unconscious; smelling-salts 碳酸铵水; 挥发盐; 嗅盐.
salaam
/ sE5lB:m; sE`lBm/ n, interj  1 Muslim greeting used in the East 东方的回教问候语.  2 low bow with the right hand touching the forehead 额手鞠躬礼（右手触额深鞠躬）.
salaam 
v [I, Ipr] make a salaam 行额手鞠躬礼: salaam to sb 向某人行额手鞠躬礼.
salable (also saleable) 
/ 5seIlEbl; `selEbl/ adj fit for sale; that sb will want to buy 适於销售的; 有销路的: not in a saleable condition 不适於销售 * The houses are highly salable. 这些房子销路很好.
salacious
/ sE5leIFEs; sE`leFEs/ adj (derog 贬) (of speech, books, pictures, etc) treating sexual activity, nudity, etc in an obscene way; indecent; lewd （指言语、 书籍、 图画等）猥亵的, 淫秽的. 
salaciously 
adv.
salaciousness 
n [U]. 
salacity 
/ sE5lAsEtI; sE`lAsEtI/ n [U] (fml 文).
salad
/ 5sAlEd; `sAlEd/ n  1 (a) [C, U] (dish of) chopped, usu raw, vegetables such as lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, often seasoned with oil, vinegar, etc 色拉; （一盘）凉拌生菜: prepare/mix a salad 调配[调拌]色拉 * cold beef and salad 牛肉和生菜冷盘 * [attrib 作定语] a salad bowl, shaker, etc 色拉碗、 搅拌器等. (b) [C, U] (dish of a) specified food served with salad （一盘）有色拉的凉拌食品: a/some chicken, ham, lobster, etc salad 一盘[一些]凉拌鸡肉、 火腿、 龙虾等色拉.  2 [U] lettuce, endive or other green vegetable suitable for eating raw 生菜（适於生吃的）. =>illus 见插图.  3 (idm 习语) one's `salad  days time when one is young and inexperienced 少不更事的时期: I was in my salad days then, and fell in love easily. 我那时年纪轻、 涉世未深, 极易堕入情网.
salad cream 
type of mayonnaise, usu sold in jars 色拉酱（通常瓶装出售）.
salad-dressing 
n [U] sauce usu made of oil, vinegar and herbs for putting on salad 色拉调味汁（通常为油、 醋、 香草之混合物）.
salad-oil 
n [U] oil used for salad-dressing 色拉油.
salamander
/ 5sAlEmAndE(r); `sAlE9mAndL/ n lizard-like animal living on land and in water, once thought to be capable of living in fire 火蜥蜴（两栖类动物, 曾认为能生活於火中）.
salami
/ sE5lB:mI; sE`lBmI/ n [U] sausage salted and flavoured with spices, usu eaten cold 萨拉米香肠（通常冷食）.
salary
/ 5sAlErI; `sAlErI/ n fixed regular (usu monthly) payment to employees doing other than manual or mechanical work （非体力劳动雇员的）薪金, 薪水（通常按月计）: a salary of 12000 a year 12000英镑的年薪 * Has your salary been paid yet? 你发薪了吗? * Should doctors' salaries be higher? 医生的薪水应该高些吗? * [attrib 作定语] a salary agreement, scale, cheque 薪金协议、 级别、 支票. =>Usage at income 用法见 income.
salaried 
adj receiving a salary; (of employment) paid for by means of a salary 领薪水的; （指职业）付给薪水的: a salaried employee, post 有薪的雇员、 职务.
sale
/ seIl; sel/ n  1 [U] selling or being sold 卖; 出售; 销售: the sale of cars, clothes, machinery 汽车、 服装、 机器的销售 * The money was raised by the sale of raffle tickets. 这笔款是通过出售购物彩券筹集的.  2 (a) [C] act of selling sth 卖; 出售; 销售: I haven't made a sale all week. 我整个星期没有卖出东西. * She gets 10 commission on each sale. 她每出售一批货可得10英镑的佣金. (b) sales [pl] amount sold 销售额; 销售量: vast sales of ice-cream in the hot weather 天热时冰激凌的巨大销量 * Sales are up (ie More goods have been sold) this month. 本月销售量增加.  3 [C] (in a shop, etc) occasion when goods are sold at lower prices than usual （商店等的）廉售, 贱卖: hold an end-of-season sale 举办季末大减价 * the January sales, ie when many shops reduce their prices 元月大减价 * buy goods at/in the sales 减价期间购物 * [attrib 作定语] sale prices, goods, etc 廉价、 廉价货.  4 [U, sing] desire to buy goods; demand 销路; 市场需求: There's always a ready sale for high-quality furniture. 高档家具总是很畅销. * They found no sale for their goods, ie could not sell them. 他们的商品没有销路.  5 [C] auction 拍卖.  6 (idm 习语) for sale intended to be sold (usu by or on behalf of the owners) 待售（通常由物主或代理人经手）: I'm sorry this painting's not for sale. 很抱歉, 这幅画是非卖品. * She has put her house up for sale. 她的房子现在出售. on sale (a) (esp of goods in shops, etc) available to be bought （尤指商店等的货物）出售, 上市: on sale at your local post office 在你们当地邮局出售 * The new model is not on sale in the shops. 这种新款式商店尚未上市. (b) (US) being offered at a reduced price 廉价出售. (on) ,sale or re`turn (of goods) supplied to a retailer, who can send back without paying for them any items that he does not sell （指货物）批发给零售商, 卖不掉可 退还批发商. 
saleable 
adj = salable.
sale of work 
sale of items, eg cakes or knitting, made by members of a church, club, etc for charity 教会、 俱乐部等为慈善事业所做物品（如糕点、针织品）的义卖.
sale-room (US `salesroom) 
n room where goods are sold by public auction 拍卖处.
salesclerk 
n (US) = shop-assistant (shop).
sales department 
department of a firm concerned with selling its products 营业部.
salesman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/, `saleswoman, `saleslady, `salesperson ns person whose job it is to sell goods, eg in a shop or in people's homes 售货员; 推销员. 
salesmanship 
n [U] skill in selling goods 推销术; 销售技巧.
sales slip 
(US) receipt recording a sale 售货单; 售货收据.
sales talk 
talk aimed at persuading sb to buy sth 推销货物的说辞.
sales tax 
tax paid by a customer who buys retail goods 销售税（由购买零售商品的顾客所付者）. Cf 参看 purchase tax (purchase1).
salient
/ 5seIlIEnt; `selIEnt/ adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most noticeable or important; main 显著的; 重要的; 主要的: the salient points of a speech 讲话的要点 * She pointed out all the salient features of the building. 她指出了该建筑物的全部显著特徵.  2 (of an angle) pointing outwards （指角）凸出的.
salient 
n  1 salient angle 凸角.  2 (military 军) bulge in a military line of attack or defence 进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分.
saline
/ 5seIlaIn; ?@ -li:n; `selin/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) containing salt; salty 含盐的; 咸的: a saline lake 盐湖 * saline springs 盐泉 * saline solution, eg as used for gargling, storing contact lenses, etc 盐溶液（如用於漱喉、 存放隐形眼镜等）.
saline 
n [U] (medical 医) solution of salt and water 盐水.
salinity 
/ sE5lInEtI; sE`lInEtI/ n [U] the high salinity of sea water 海水的高含盐量.
saliva
/ sE5laIvE; se`laIvE/ (also slaver) n [U] liquid produced in the mouth that helps one chew and digest food; spittle 唾液; 口水.
salivary 
/ 5sAlIvErI, sE5laIvErI; ?@ 5sAlEverI; `sAlE9vZrI/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or producing saliva 唾液的; 分泌唾液的: the `salivary glands 唾液腺.
salivate 
/ 5sAlIveIt; `sAlE9vet/ v [I] (fml 文) produce saliva, esp excessively 分泌唾液（尤指大量地）: A dog salivates when it sees a bone. 狗见到骨头就大量分泌唾液. 
salivation 
/ 9sAlI5veIFn; 9sAlE`veFEn/ n [U].
sallow
/ 5sAlEU; `sAlo/ adj (-er, -est) (of a person's skin or complexion) yellowish （指人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的. 
sallowness 
n [U].
sallow
/ 5sAlEU; `sAlo/ n type of willow that does not grow to be very tall 黄华柳.
sally
/ 5sAlI; `sAlI/ n  1 (a) sudden attack, esp by troops surrounded by the enemy 出击; （尤指）突围: make a successful sally 进行突围成功. (b) (joc 谑) quick journey 短途旅行: a brief sally to the shops 逛逛商店.  2 lively or witty, usu good-humoured, remark 俏皮话.
sally 
v (pt, pp sallied) (phr v) sally out/forth (fml 文) (a) emerge suddenly, usu from a place where one is surrounded, to attack an enemy 出击; 突围: sally out against the besiegers 向包围的敌人出击. (b) (joc 谑) set out somewhere or to do sth 出发; 著手做某事: Party workers sallied forth in a drive to find new members. 党的工作人员发起了纳新运动.
salmon
/ 5sAmEn; `sAmEn/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 (a) [C] large fish with pinkish flesh, sometimes fished for with rod and line as a sport 鲑; 大马哈鱼. (b) [U] its flesh as food 食用的鲑肉; 大马哈鱼肉: smoked salmon 熏制的大马哈鱼 * [attrib 作定语] a salmon salad, mousse, etc 鲑肉色拉、 奶油冻等.  2 [U] the colour of its flesh; orange-pink 鲑肉色; 橙红色.
salmon-pink 
adj orange-pink, the colour of the salmon's flesh 橙红色的; 鲑肉色的. 
salmon-trout 
n trout resembling a salmon 欧鳟; 马苏大马哈鱼.
salmonella
/ 9sAlmE5nelE; 9sAlmE`nZlE/ n [U] type of bacteria causing food poisoning 沙门氏菌: [attrib 作定语] salmonella poisoning 沙门氏菌中毒.
salon
/ 5sAlCn; ?@ sE5lCn; sE`lBn/ n  1 place where customers go to see a hairdresser, beauty consultant, etc （营业性质的）店, 厅, 院: a `beauty salon 美容院* a `hairdressing salon 美发厅.  2 (formerly) regular gathering of notable guests at the house of a lady of high society; room used for this 沙龙（旧时知名人士在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）: a literary salon, ie with writers and critics as guests 文学沙龙.
saloon
/ sE5lu:n; sE`lun/ n  1 public room on a ship, in a hotel, etc （轮船、 旅馆等的）大厅, 交谊厅: the ship's dining-saloon 轮船的餐厅.  2 public room or building for a specified purpose 有某用途的公共大厅或建筑物: a `billiard/`dancing saloon 台球室[舞厅].  3 (US) place where alcoholic drinks may be bought and drunk; bar 酒店; 酒吧间.  4 (also sa`loon-car) (Brit) (US sedan) motor car where the area for the driver and passengers is closed off from the luggage and engine areas 轿车. =>illus at car 见 car 插图.
saloon bar 
= lounge bar (lounge).
salsify
/ 5sAlsIfI; `sAlsEfI/ n [U] plant with a long fleshy root cooked as a vegetable 蒜叶婆罗门参, 牡蛎草, 蔬菜牡蛎（根长而肉厚, 可作蔬菜）.
salt
/ sR:lt; sRlt/ n  1 [U] (also  common salt) common white substance obtained from mines, present in sea water (from which it is obtained by evaporation), used esp for flavouring and preserving food; sodium chloride 盐; 食盐; 氯化钠: a grain of salt 一粒盐 * too much salt in the soup 汤里盐太多 * `table salt, ie powdered so that it can be sprinkled on food 餐桌食盐 * `sea salt 海盐.  2 [C] chemical compound of a metal and an acid （化学）盐.  3 salts [pl] substance like salt in taste, form, etc, esp such a substance used as a laxative 味道、 外观等像盐的物质; （尤指）泻盐: a dose of (Epsom) salts 一剂泻盐 * `bath salts, ie used to scent bath water 浴盐（用以使洗澡水芳香者）.  4 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) experienced sailor 有经验的水手: an old salt 老水手.  5 [U] (fig 比喻) thing that makes sth more interesting, lively, etc 增添趣味或活跃气氛的事物: Her humour adds salt to her conversation. 她很幽默, 谈起话来妙趣横生. Cf 参看 spice 2. (idm 习语) like a dose of salts => dose. rub salt into  the wound/sb's wounds => rub1. the salt of the `earth very decent, honest, etc person or people 非常正派、 诚实等的人: You can trust her: she's the salt of the earth. 你可以信任她, 她这人很诚实. take sth with  a pinch of salt => pinch n. worth one's salt => worth.
salt 
v  1 [Tn] put salt on or in (food) to season it 在（食物）中加盐.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) preserve (food) with salt 用盐腌（食物）: salt (down) pork 腌猪肉 * salted beef 腌制的牛肉.  3 [Tn] sprinkle salt on (roads, etc) to melt ice or snow 将盐撒在（路等）上使冰或雪融化.  4 [Tn] make (a mine) seem rich by putting ore into it, usu so as to trick sb who wants to buy it 将矿石投入（矿区）使矿样显得有价值（通常为欺骗买矿人）.  5 (phr v) salt sth away save (money, etc) secretly and usu dishonestly 私下并且通常指不正当地积蓄（钱等）: She salted away most of the profit from the business. 她把做生意赚的利润大部分都私自蓄存起来了.
salt 
adj [attrib 作定语] containing, tasting of or preserved with salt 含盐的; 咸的; 腌的: salt beef, pork, etc 腌牛肉、 猪肉等 * salt water 咸水 * salt marshes 盐沼 * the `salt flats of Utah 犹他州的盐地.
salty 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 containing or tasting of salt 含盐的; 咸的.  2 (fig 比喻) (of wit, speech, etc) vigorous, vivid, etc （指才智、 言语等）活泼的, 生动的: her salty humour 她那机智的幽默话. saltiness n [U].
salt-cellar (US `salt-shaker) 
n small container for salt at the table, either open or enclosed with a hole or holes at the top for sprinkling （餐桌上用的）小盐瓶. Cf 参看 pepper-pot  (pepper).  
salt-lick (also lick) 
n place where animals go to lick salty rock or earth 动物舐食天然岩盐或咸土的地方.
salt-mine 
n mine from which salt is obtained 盐矿.
salt-pan (also pan) 
n hollow near the sea where salt is obtained by evaporation 盐田.
salt-water 
adj [attrib 作定语] of the sea 海的; 咸水的: a salt-water fish 咸水鱼. Cf 参看 freshwater (fresh).
SALT
/ sR:lt; sRlt/ (also Salt) abbr 缩写 = Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈: the Salt treaties 限制战略武器会谈协议.
saltpetre (US saltpeter) 
/ sR:lt5pi:tE(r); `sRlt`pitL/ n [U] salty white powder used in making gunpowder, for preserving food and as medicine 硝酸钾; 硝石.
Epsom salts
/ 9epsEm 5sR:lts; `ZpsEm `sRlts/ magnesium sulphate, a bitter white powder used medically to empty the bowels 泻盐.
salubrious
/ sE5lu:brIEs; sE`lubrIEs/ adj (fml 文) (esp of the climate) health-giving （尤指气候）有益健康的: the salubrious mountain air 有益健康的山间空气. 
salubriousness 
n [U].
salutary
/ 5sAljUtrI; ?@ -terI; `sAljJ9tZrI/ adj having a good effect 有益的: salutary exercise, advice 有益的锻炼、 劝告 * The accident is a salutary reminder of the dangers of climbing. 这一事故有益的一面是提醒了我们攀登活动是有许多危险的.
salutation
/ 9sAlju:5teIFn; 9sAljE`teFEn/ n (fml 文)   1 (a) [U] greeting or respect 问候; 致意; 致敬: raise one's hat in salutation 举帽行礼. (b) [C] sign or expression of this, eg a bow or a kiss 问候或致意的表示（如鞠躬或亲吻）: the polite salutations of the courtier 朝臣的谦恭致意.  2 [C] (in a letter, etc) words used to address the person being written to, eg Dear Sir (信函等中的)称呼语(如 Dear Sir.)
salute
/ sE5lu:t; sE`lut/ n  1 (a) action performed to show honour, respect or welcome to sb 致敬; 欢迎: fire a salute of ten guns 鸣礼炮十响. (b) (esp military) gesture of respect to a senior officer, etc, often a raising of the right hand to the forehead in a certain way （尤指军队）（向上级长官等）敬礼, （常为）举手礼: give a salute 敬礼 * The officer returned the sergeant's salute, ie saluted in reply to such a gesture. 军官向中士还了礼.  2 polite gesture of greeting, eg a bow 行礼（如鞠躬）: raised his hat as a friendly salute 举帽行礼.  3 (idm 习语) in sa`lute as a salute 以表示敬意: They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute. 他们在墓旁脱帽默哀. * They raised their fists in salute to their leader. 他们举起拳头向领袖致敬. take the sa`lute acknowledge with a salute the salutes of soldiers marching past （在前进通过的士兵敬礼时）行答礼, 还礼.
salute 
v (a) [I, Tn] give (sb) a salute; greet (sb) 向（某人）致敬, 致意; 问候或欢迎（某人）: The guard saluted (the general) smartly. 卫兵非常精神地（向将军）行礼. * The royal visitor was saluted by a fanfare of trumpets. 皇室贵宾在嘹亮的铜管乐曲中受到热烈欢迎. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) publicly notice (an important person, achievement,etc) 颂扬（一重要人物、 成就等）: We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace. 我们为您在寻求和平方面做出的不懈努力向您表示敬意. * Today should be saluted as the beginning of a new era. 应把今天看作是一个新时代的开始来庆祝.
salvage
/ 5sAlvIdV; `sAlvIdV/ n [U]  1 rescue of a damaged ship or its cargo; rescue of property from damage caused by fire, floods, etc （对船、 船上货物的）海上营救; （对火灾、 水灾等的）财物抢救: Salvage of the wreck was made difficult by bad weather. 船遇难後因天气恶劣救援工作十分困难. * [attrib 作定语] a salvage company, ie one that salvages wrecked ships, recovers valuables from sunken ships, etc 沉船打捞公司 * a salvage tug, ie for towing a disabled ship to port 救难拖船.  2 (money paid for such rescue or the) property rescued in this way 抢救出的财产; （为抢救财产付的）救援费.  3 (saving of) waste material that can be used again after being processed 经加工可重新利用的废物; 废料回收: collect old newspapers and magazines for salvage 回收旧报纸和杂志. 
salvage 
v  1 [Tn] save (sth) from loss, fire, wreck, etc （从火灾、 海难等中）抢救（某物）.  2 [Tn] save (sth) as salvage(3) 回收利用（某物）.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) recover sth (from a wreck, damaged vehicle, etc) （从失事的船、 车辆等中）抢救某物: Valuable raw materials were salvaged (from the sunken freighter). （从沉船中）打捞起许多贵重的原料. * (fig 比喻) How can she salvage her reputation after the scandal? 她出了这件丢人的事以後还怎麽能挽回名誉呢?
salvation
/ sAl5veIFn; sAl`veFEn/ n [U]  1 (religion 宗) saving of a person's soul from sin and its consequences; state of being saved in this way （对人的灵魂的）拯救, 超度: pray for the salvation of sinners 祈求拯救道德上的罪人.  2 way of avoiding loss, disaster, etc 避免损失、 躲避灾难等的途径或方法: I get so depressed about life; work is my salvation, ie helps me forget my worries. 我对生活十分悲观, 埋头工作才可寻求解脱.
Salvation Army 
missionary Christian organization whose members wear military-style uniforms, and who work esp to help the poor 救世军 
salve
/ sAlv; ?@ sAv; sAv/ n  1 [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) oily substance used on wounds, sores or burns 药膏; 软膏: `lip-salve 唇用药膏. Cf 参看 ointment.  2 [sing] ~ to sth action or thought that makes sb feel less guilty, anxious, angry, etc 使人宽慰的行为或想法; 慰藉: She paid the repair bill as a salve to her conscience. 她付了维修费以减轻内疚感.
salve 
v [Tn] make (esp one's conscience) feel better 使（尤指某人的良心）得到安慰: It's too late to salve your conscience by apologizing. 现在想凭藉道歉获得良心上的安慰已经太晚了.
salver
/ 5sAlvE(r); `sAlvL/ n (usu metal) tray on which letters, drinks, etc are placed for handing to people （用於递送信件、 饮料等的）盘子（通常为金属的）.
salvo
/ 5sAlvEU; `sAlvo/ n (pl ~s or ~es)  1 firing of several guns at the same time, esp as a salute 数炮齐发; （尤指）礼炮齐鸣. Cf 参看 volley 1.  2 outburst of applause 齐声欢呼喝彩.
SAM
/ sAm; sAm/ abbr 缩写 = surface-to-air missile 地[舰]对空导弹.
Samaritan
/ sE5mArItEn; sE`mArEtn/ n  1 the Samaritans [pl] organization devoted to giving help and friendship to people in despair 撒马利亚会（援助及安慰绝望者的慈善组织）.  2 (idm 习语) a ,good Sa`maritan a person who gives sympathy and help to people in trouble 同情并援助苦难者的善人.
samba
/ 5sAmbE; `sAmbE/ n (music for a) ballroom dance that originated in Brazil 桑巴舞（曲）（源於巴西）: dance the samba 跳桑巴舞.
same
/ seIm; sem/ adj  1 the ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth/that...) (also sometimes preceded by this/that/these/those 有时亦可用於this/that/these/those之後) exactly the one (or ones) referred to or mentioned; not different; identical 就是前面提到的那（些）个; 同一的: They both said the same thing. 他们俩说的一样. * We have lived in the same house for twenty years. 我们二十年来一直住在这所房子里. * He took it off the top shelf and put it back in the same place. 他把它从架子顶层上取下来, 然後又放回到原处. * He is the same age as his wife. 他和他妻子同岁. * The cinema is showing the same film as last week. 电影院演的还是上星期的那部影片. * I saw the mistake at the (very) same moment that she did. 我与她（恰恰）同时发现了这一错误. * I resigned on Friday and left that same day. 我星期五辞职後当天就离开了.  2 the ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth/that...) one that is exactly like the one referred to or mentioned; exactly matching 与前面提到的一模一样的; 相同的: I saw the same shoes in a shop last week. 我上星期在一家商店看到了同一式样的鞋. * Men with moustaches all look the same to me. 在我看来, 凡是留须的人模样都很像. * I bought the same car as yours/that you did, ie another car of that type. 我买的汽车和你买的一样. * The two recipes are very much the same, ie only slightly different. 这两份食谱几乎一个样. * (derog or joc 贬或谑) You men are all the same! eg have the same faults, obsessions, etc. 你们男人都是一路货!  3 (idm 习语)  amount to/come to/be the same `thing not be different; have the same result, meaning, etc 无不同; 结果、 意义等相同: You can pay by cash or cheque: it comes to the same thing. 你可付现金或支票, 都一样.  at the same `time (a) at once; together 同时; 一起: Don't all speak at the same time. 大家别同时说. * She was laughing and crying at the same time. 她一面笑一面哭. (b) (introducing a fact, etc that must be considered 提出须予考虑的事实等) nevertheless; yet 但是; 然而: You've got to be firm, but at the same time you must be sympathetic. 你态度要强硬, 但还必须有同情心.  be in the same boat be in the same (usu unfortunate) circumstances 处於同样（通常指不幸的）境地: She and I are in the same boat: we both failed the exam. 我和她一样, 考试都没及格.  be of the same `mind (about sb/sth) (fml 文) having the same opinion 意见一致: We're all of the same mind: opposed to the proposal. 我们想法一样, 都反对这项提议. by the same `token in a corresponding way; following from the same argument 相应地; 基於同一理由: She must be more reasonable, but by the same token you must try to understand her. 她得讲点理, 可你也得尽量体谅她. in the same breath immediately after saying sth else （说完某些话後）紧接著: He praised my work and in the same breath told me I would have to leave. 他称赞我工作好, 刚说完这话就让我离职. lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning1. not in the  same street (as sb/sth) of a much lower standard (than sb/sth) 远不如（某人[某事物]）. one and the same the same person or thing 同一人或事物: It turns out that her aunt and my cousin are one and the same (person). 原来她姑姑就是我表姐. on the same wavelength (as sb) sharing the same way of thinking and the same interests, etc (as sb) and therefore able to understand him （与某人）志趣相同: I find him difficult to talk to  we're on completely different wavelengths. 我觉得很难和他谈得来--我们完全没有共通之处.  pay sb in his own/the same coin => pay2. the ,same old `story what usually happens 常常发生的事: It's the same old story: everybody wants the house tidy, but nobody wants to tidy it himself. 还是老生常谈的事: 谁都想让房子整洁, 可谁也不愿意亲自整理. speak the same language => speak. tarred with the same brush => tar1.
the same 
adv in the same way; similarly 同样地; 相同地: I still feel the same about it. 我对此事看法仍和原来一样. * The two words are spelled differently, but pronounced the same. 这两个字拼写不同, 但发音相同.
sameness 
n [U] quality of being the same; lack of variety 同一性; 相同性; 无变化: the tedious sameness of winter days indoors 冬天室内那种漫长而又单调乏味的生活.
samey 
/ 5seImI; `semI/ adj (infml 口) not changing enough 变化不大的: The food we get here is terribly samey. 我们这里吃的食物差不多总是老一套.
same
/ seIm; sem/ pron  1 (a) the ~ (as sb/sth...) the same thing 同一事物: He and I said the same. 我和他说的是同一件事. * Their ages are the same. 他们年龄相同. * I think the same (as you do) about the matter. 我对此事的看法也是（和你）一样. * I would do the same again. 那我就再来一遍. * (infml 口) `I'll have a coffee.' `Same for me, please (ie I will have one too).' ｀我要一杯咖啡.＇｀我也要一杯.＇ (b) the ~ (fml or joc 文或谑) the same person 同一人: `Was it George who telephoned?'`The same.' ie Yes, it was George. ｀是乔治打的电话吗?＇｀是他.＇  2 (without the; used in bills, etc 用於招贴等, 不与the连用) (fml or joc 文或谑) the previously mentioned thing 前面提到的事物: To dry-cleaning suit, 3; to repairing same, 2. 乾洗一套衣服, 3英镑; 修补一套衣服, 2英镑.  3 (idm 习语) ,all/,just the `same in spite of this; nevertheless 尽管如此; 仍然: All the same, there's some truth in what she says. 即便这样, 她的话也还是有些道理. * He's not very reliable, but I like him just the same. 他是不太可靠, 但我仍很喜欢他. * I wasn't able to use your screwdriver, but thanks all the same, ie for lending it. 我没用上您的改锥, 还是要谢谢您. (the) same again (request to sb to serve the same drink as before 再要刚刚喝的同一种饮料): Same again, please! 请再来一杯! ,same `here (infml 口) the same thing applies to me; I agree 我也一样; 我同意: `I hate this book.' `Same here.' ｀我不喜欢这本书.＇｀我也不喜欢.＇ * `I'm not very good at history.' `Same here.' ｀我历史学得不太好.＇｀我也是.＇ (the) ,same to `you (used as an answer to an insult, a greeting, etc 用以反唇相讥、 回敬问候等): `Stupid!' `Same to you!' ｀愚蠢!＇｀你愚蠢!＇ * `Happy Christmas!' `And the same to you!' ｀圣诞快乐!＇｀圣诞快乐!＇
samosa
/ sE5mEUsE; sE`mosE/ n spicy snack with a meat or vegetable filling in a triangular case of crisp fried pastry 炸馅角（有肉或菜馅的三角形面食小吃）.
samovar
/ 5sAmEUvB:(r); `sAmE9vBr/ n container for heating water used esp in Russia for making tea 茶炊（尤指俄式的）.
sampan
/ 5sAmpAn; `sAmpAn/ n small flat-bottomed boat used along the coasts and rivers of China 舢板.
sample
/ 5sB:mpl; ?@ 5sAmpl; `sAmpl/ n  1 one of a number of things, or part of a whole, that can be looked at to see what the rest is like; specimen 货样; 样品; 标本: a sample of his handwriting （他的）手写的样本 * a blood, urine, tissue, etc sample 血、 尿、 组织等的样 *The survey covers a representative sample of the population,ie people of all levels of society. 这项调查涉及到社会各阶层的人士. * a sample of the kind of cloth I want to buy 我想买的那种布的货样.  2 small amount of a product given away free 免费分发的小量试（货）样; 赠样: hand out free samples of the perfume 送出香水的赠样 * [attrib 作定语] a sample pack, sachet, etc 馈赠的小包、 小袋等样品.
sample 
v [Tn] try out or examine (sth) by taking a sample or by experiencing it 抽样检查（某物）; 取（某物）样; 试用（某物）: sample a new type of flour for oneself 试样选择一种新的面粉 * sample the delights of Chinese food 品尝中国美食 * We sampled opinion among the workers about (ie asked some of them about) changes in working methods. 我们抽样调查工人对改变工作方法的看法.
sampler
/ 5sB:mplE(r); ?@ 5sAm-; `sAmplL/ n piece of cloth embroidered to show skill in needlework and often displayed on a wall 刺绣样品（用以展示刺绣技艺, 常贴於墙上）.
samurai
/ 5sAmUraI; `sAmJ9raI/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 the samurai [pl] the military caste in feudal Japan （日本封建时代的）武士阶级.  2 [C] member of this caste （日本的）武士.
sanatorium
/ 9sAnE5tR:rIEm; 9sAnE`tRrIEm/ n (US also sanitarium / 9sAnE5teErIEm; 9sAnE`tZrIEm/, sanitorium / 9sAnE5tR:rIEm; 9sAnE`tRrIEm/) (pl ~s or -ria / -rIE; -rIE/) clinic where patients suffering or recovering from a long illness are treated 疗养院.
sanctify
/ 5sANktIfaI; `sANktE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) holy 使（某人[某事物]）神圣化: a life sanctified by prayer 因祈祷而变得神圣的生活.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) make (sth) seem right, legal, etc; justify; sanction 使（某事物）正当、 合法、 有理等; 认可: a practice sanctified by tradition 为传统所认可的做法. 
sanctification 
/ 9sANktIfI5keIFn;9sANktEfE`keFEn/ n [U].
sanctimonious
/ 9sANktI5mEUnIEs; 9sANktE`monIEs/ adj (derog 贬) showing that one feels morally better than other people 假装高尚、 正经的: a sanctimonious smile, remark, person, letter of protest 假仁假义的微笑、 言词、 人、 抗议信. 
sanctimoniously 
adv. 
sanctimoniousness 
n [U].
sanction
/ 5sANkFn; `sANkFEn/ n  1 [U] permission or approval for an action, a change, etc （对某种行动、 变化等的）认可, 批准: The book was translated without the sanction of the author. 这本书未经作者许可就给翻译了. * The government gave its sanction to what the Minister had done. 政府对这位部长的做法均已认可. * These measures have the sanction of tradition, ie seem justified because they have often been taken before. 这些措施已约定俗成.  2 [C] reason that stops people disobeying laws, rules, etc 使人们不违背法律、 规定等的因素或约束力: Is prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 为遏止这类罪行, 监禁手段是否是上策? * The fear of ridicule is a very effective sanction. 人们不做违法乱纪的事, 其中一个重要因素就是怕人耻笑.  3 measure taken to force a country to obey international law （迫使某国服从国际法的）处罚措施, 制裁: apply economic sanctions against a repressive regime 对一压制人民的政体实行经济制裁.
sanction 
v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] give one's permission for (sth); authorize or approve 同意（某事）; 批准; 认可: I can't sanction your methods. 我不能同意你的办法. * Who sanctioned bombing the town? 是谁批准轰炸那座城的? * They won't sanction our spending on this scale. 他们不会同意我们这麽大的开支.
sanctity
/ 5sANktEtI; `sANktEtI/ n [U] holiness; sacredness 神圣; 庄严: She gives us a living example of sanctity. 她给我们树立了一个圣洁的活榜样. * the sanctity of an oath 誓约的严肃性.
sanctuary
/ 5sANktFUErI; ?@ -UerI; `sANktFJ9ZrI/ n 1 [C] sacred place, eg a church, temple or mosque 圣所, 圣地（如教堂、 庙宇或回教寺院）.  2 [C] (a) chancel of a church 圣坛. (b) (esp US) room where general religious services are held 圣堂.  3 (a) [C] sacred place where sb is protected from people wishing to arrest or attack him （为受逮捕、 攻击威胁的人提供的）庇护所: The fleeing rebels found a sanctuary in the nearby church. 叛乱後逃跑的人躲入附近教堂寻求庇护. (b) [U] (the right to offer) such protection 庇护; （为他人提供的）庇护权: claim/seek/take/be offered sanctuary 要求[寻求/接受/受到]庇护.  4 [C] any place where refuge is provided 避难所: Our country is a sanctuary for political refugees from all over the world. 我国是全世界政治难民的避难所.  5 [C] area where birds and wild animals are protected from hunters, etc and are encouraged to breed 禁猎区; 鸟兽保护区: a `bird sanctuary 鸟类禁猎区.
sanctum
/ 5sANktEm; `sANktEm/ n  1 holy place 圣地; 圣所.  2 (fig 比喻) room, office, etc where sb may not be disturbed （不受人打扰的）房间、 办公室等: I was allowed once into his inner sanctum. 我有一次获准进入他的内室.
sand
/ sAnd; sAnd/ n  1 [U] (mass of) very fine fragments of rock that has been worn down, found on beaches, in river-beds, deserts, etc 沙; 沙粒: mix sand and cement to make concrete 把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土.  2 [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] area of sand, eg on a beach 沙地（如沙滩）: children playing on the sand(s) 在沙滩上玩耍的儿童.  3 sands [pl] (used in names 用於地名) sandbank 沙坝; 沙滩; 沙洲: the Goodwin Sands 古德温沙洲.  4 (idm 习语)  bury/hide one's head in the sand => head. the sands are running `out there is not much time left 剩下的时间不多了: The sands are running out: we must have the money by tomorrow. 剩下的时间不多了: 我们明天得弄到这笔钱.
sand 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (down) smooth or polish sth with sandpaper, etc 用砂纸等擦平或磨光某物: The bare wood must be sanded down. 这个没有皮的木料得用砂纸磨光. * The floor has been sanded smooth. 地板已用砂纸磨光.  2 [Tn] sprinkle sand on (sth) or cover (sth) with sand 在（某物）上撒沙; 用沙覆盖（某物）. sander (also `sanding-machine) n machine for sanding surfaces, eg by means of a rotating pad with sandpaper attached 砂轮打磨机. sandy adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like sand; covered with sand 沙状的; 覆盖著沙的: a surface with a sandy texture 有沙粒样的表面 * The floor of the beach-hut was sandy. 那海滨小屋的地面上净是沙子.  2 (of hair, etc) yellowish-red （指毛发等）沙色的. 
sandiness 
n [U].
sandbag 
n bag filled with sand, used as a defence (eg in war, against rising flood-water, etc) 沙袋, 沙包（如用於作战、 防洪等）.  v (-gg-) [Tn] put sandbags in or around (sth) 在（某物）内或四周堆上沙袋: sandbag the doorway in case of flooding 在门口堆上沙袋以防洪水.
sandbank 
n bank or shoal of sand in a river or the sea （河或海的）沙坝, 沙滩, 沙洲.
sand-bar 
n sandbank at the mouth of a river or harbour （河口或港口的）沙洲.
sand-blast 
v [Tn] clean or decorate (a stone wall, etc) by aiming a jet of sand at it 喷沙清洗或装饰（石墙等）.
sandboy 
n (idm 习语) happy as a sandboy => happy.
sand-castle 
n pile of sand shaped to look like a castle, usu made by a child on a beach 用沙子堆的城堡（通常指儿童在沙滩堆筑的）.
sand-dune 
n = dune.
sand-fly 
n type of midge common on seashores 白蛉.
the sandman 
n [sing] imaginary person who makes children feel sleepy 睡魔（神话中能催儿童入睡的人）: The sandman's coming! ie It's time for bed! 睡魔来了! （该睡觉了! ）
sandpaper 
n [U] strong paper coated with sand or a similar substance, used for rubbing surfaces smooth 砂纸.  v [Tn, Tn.p] smooth (sth) with sandpaper 用砂纸磨光（某物）.
sandpiper 
n small bird living in wet sandy places near streams 矶鹬.
sand-pit 
n hole in the ground partly filled with sand for children to play in （儿童游戏用的）沙坑.
sand-shoes 
n [pl] light shoes with rubber or hemp soles for wearing on beaches 沙地鞋（在沙滩上用的轻便鞋）.
sandstone 
n [U] rock formed of compressed sand 沙岩.
sandstorm 
n storm in a desert in which sand is blown through the air by the wind 沙暴.
sand trap 
(esp US) = bunker 2.
sand-yacht 
n vehicle with wheels and a sail, driven over sand by the wind 沙地帆车（有轮及帆, 藉风力在沙地行驶）.
sandal
/ 5sAndl; `sAndl/ n type of open shoe consisting of a sole held on to the foot by straps or cords 凉鞋. Cf 参看 boot1 1, shoe 1. 
sandalled 
adj wearing sandals 穿凉鞋的.
sandalwood
/ 5sAndlwUd; `sAndl9wJd/ n [U] hard scented wood used for making fans, caskets, etc 檀香木: [attrib 作定语] sandalwood soap, ie smelling like this wood 檀香皂.
sandwich
/ 5sAnwIdV; ?@ -wItF; `sAnwItF/ n two or more slices of bread with meat, cheese, etc between 三明治:  ham, chicken, cucumber, etc sandwiches 火腿、 鸡肉、 黄瓜等三明治 * [attrib 作定语] a sandwich  bar, box, filling 三明治柜台、 盒、 夹心.
sandwich 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (between sb/sth) put sb/sth between two other people or things, esp in a restricted space 将某人[某物]夹在另两人或两物之间（尤指受空间限制）: I sandwiched myself between two fat men on the bus. 我在公共汽车上, 一边一个胖子把我夹在中间不能动.
sandwich board 
either of two connected boards,usu carrying advertisements and hung over the shoulders of a person (a `sandwich man) who walks about the streets to display them 夹板广告牌（游街宣传员胸前背後挂的广告牌, 这种宣传员称 sandwich man 夹板广告员）.
sandwich course 
course of training in which periods of instruction and practical work alternate 工读交替制课程.
sane
/ seIn; sen/ adj (-r, -st)  1 having a healthy mind; not mad 心智健全的; 神志正常的: It's hard to stay sane under such awful pressure. 处於这种可怕的压力之下, 不疯才怪呢.  2 (fig 比喻) showing good judgement; moderate; sensible 明智的; 稳健的; 理智的: a sane person, decision, policy 明智的人、 决定、 政策 * her sane, democratic views 她的理智、 民主的见解. 
sanely 
adv.
sang
pt of sing.
sang-froid
/ 9sCN 5frwB:; sBN`frwB/ n [U] calmness in a situation of danger or in an emergency; composure （面临危险或危急时的）冷静, 沉著, 镇定: They showed  great sang-froid in dealing with the fire. 他们处理这场火灾时极为镇定.
sangria
/ 5sANgrIE; ?@ sAN5gri:E; sAN`^riE/ n [U] (Spanish 西) drink made of red wine with fruit, lemonade, etc 桑格里酒（由红葡萄酒、 水果汁、 汽水等配制而成）.
sanguinary
/ 5sANgwInErI; ?@ -nerI; `sAN^wIn9ZrI/ adj (dated fml 旧, 文)  1 with much bloodshed; bloody 血腥的; 血淋淋的:  a sanguinary battle 血战.  2 fond of bloodshed; cruel 嗜杀的; 残酷的: a sanguinary ruler 残暴的统治者.
sanguine
/ 5sANgwIn; `sAN^wIn/ adj (fml 文)  1 ~ (about sth/that...) hopeful; optimistic 充满希望的; 乐观的: not very sanguine about our chances of success 对我们成功的机会不很乐观 * sanguine that we shall succeed 自信我们将成功.  2 having a red complexion 面色红润的. 
sanguinely 
adv. 
sanguineness 
n [U].
sanitarium, sanitorium
(US) = sanatorium.
sanitary
/ 5sAnItrI; ?@ -terI; `sAnE9tZrI/ adj  1 free from dirt or substances that may cause disease; hygienic 清洁的; 卫生的; 保健的: Conditions in the kitchen were not very sanitary. 厨房环境不太卫生.  2 [attrib 作定语] of or concerned with protecting health 保健的; 有关保健的: sanitary ware, ie toilet bowls, etc 洁具（抽水马桶等） * a `sanitary inspector, ie an official who checks that the conditions in shops, restaurants, etc are hygienic 卫生检查员.
sanitary towel, `sanitary pad 
absorbent pad used by a woman during her period 卫生巾; 月经带.
sanitation
/ 9sAnI5teIFn; 9sAnE`teFEn/ n [U] systems that protect people's health, esp those that dispose efficiently of sewage 卫生系统或设备（尤指下水道设备）.
sanitize, sanitise
/ 5sAnItaIz; `sAnE9taIz/ v [Tn]  1 make (a place) hygienic 使（某处）卫生.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) make (a story, news, etc) less disturbing, shocking, etc 净化（陈述、 报道、 新闻等）（以免引起不安、 惊慌等）: They've sanitized my  report on army atrocities. 他们删除了我那篇报道中记述军队暴行的内容.
sanity
/ 5sAnEtI; `sAnEtI/ n [U]  1 state of being sane; health of mind 神志正常; 心智健康: doubt/questionsb's sanity 怀疑某人神志是否正常.  2 soundness of judgement; state of being sensible or moderate 明智; 理智; 稳健: try to bring some sanity into a difficult situation 在困难情况下, 力求理智.
sank
pt of sink1.
sanserif
/ 9sAn5serIf; sAn`sZrIf/ n [U] (in printing) form of type without serifs （印刷）无衬线的铅字. =>illus at serif 见 serif 插图.
Santa Claus
/ 5sAntE klR:z; `sAntE9klRz/ (also  esp Brit Father Christmas) man with a white beard and dressed in red, who, children are told, comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents 圣诞老人.
sap
/ sAp; sAp/ n [U]  1 liquid in a plant that carries food to all its parts 树液: The sap rises in trees in springtime. 春天树中的汁液向上流动.  2 (fig 比喻) vigour or energy 元气; 精力: He's full of sap and ready to start. 他精神抖擞准备出发.
sappy 
adj (-ier, -iest) full of sap 多树液的; 精力充沛的.
sapwood 
n [U] soft outer layers of wood 边材, 白木质（木之柔软的外层）.
Homo sapiens
/ 9hEUmEU 5sApIenz; 9homo `sApIZnz/ (Latin 拉) modern man regarded as a species 智人.
sapient
/ 5seIpIEnt; `sepIEnt/ adj (fml 文) wise 有智慧的. 
sapience 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
sapiently 
adv.
sapling
/ 5sAplIN; `sAplIN/ n young tree 幼树.
Sapphic (also sapphic) 
/ 5sAfIk; `sAfIk/ n form of four-line verse typical of the Greek lesbian poetess Sappho 希腊女同性恋诗人萨福式的四行诗体. 
Sapphic 
adj   1 of such verse 萨福四行诗体的.  2 (fml 文) lesbian 女同性恋的.
sapphire
/ 5sAfaIE(r); `sAfaIr/ n  1 [C] clear, bright blue jewel 蓝宝石.  2 [U] its colour 蔚蓝色.
sapphire 
adj bright blue 蔚蓝色的.
saprophyte
/ 5sAprEUfaIt; `sApro9faIt/ n fungus or similar plant living on dead organic matter 腐生植物; 死物寄生菌. 
saprophytic 
/ 9sAprEU5fItIk; 9sApro`fItIk/ adj.
Saracen
/ 5sArEsn; `sArEsn/ n Arab or Muslim at the time of the Crusades 萨拉森人（十字军东征时的阿拉伯人或穆斯林）.
sarcasm
/ 5sB:kAzEm; `sBrkAzEm/ n [U] (use of) bitter, esp ironic, remarks intended to wound sb's feelings 讥讽; 讽刺; 挖苦: her constant sarcasm about his poor work 她对他作品拙劣的一贯嘲讽.
sarcastic 
/ sB:5kAstIk; sBr`kAstIk/ (also infml 口语作 sarky) adj of or using sarcasm 讥讽的; 讽刺的; 挖苦的: a  sarcastic person, tone, remark 好讥讽的人、 讽刺的语调、 挖苦的话. 
sarcastically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sarcophagus
/ sB:5kCfEgEs; sBr`kBfE^Es/ n (pl -gi / -gaI;-^aI/ or ~es / -gEsIz; -^EsIz/) stone coffin, esp one with carvings, etc, used in ancient times （古代的）石棺（尤指有雕刻的）.
sardine
/ sB:5di:n; sBr`din/ n  1 young pilchard or a similar fish, usu tinned in oil or tomato sauce 沙丁鱼（通常为罐装）.  2 (idm 习语) (packed, squashed, etc) like sardines (infml 口) pressed tightly together 拥挤: The ten of us were squashed together like sardines in the lift. 我们十个人在电梯里拥成一团.
sardonic
/ sB:5dCnIk; sBr`dBnIk/ adj expressing scorn, usu in a grimly humorous way; mocking 嘲笑的; 讥笑的: a sardonic smile, laugh, expression, etc 嘲弄的微笑、 大笑、 表情等. 
sardonically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sari
/ 5sB:rI; `sBrI/ n length of cotton or silk cloth draped round the body, worn as the main garment by Hindu women 莎丽（印度女子裹在身上的棉布或绸布, 作主要外衣）.
sarky
/ 5sB:kI; `sBrkI/ adj (Brit infml 口) = sarcastic (sarcasm): She's a sarky little madam. 她是个爱讽刺人的小姐.
sarong
/ sE5rCN; ?@ -5rR:N; sE`rRN/ n long strip of cotton or silk cloth worn as a skirt tucked in at the waist or under the armpits by Malay and Indonesian men and women 莎笼（马来人及印尼人用以裹住身体的长条布或绸缎, 在腰部或腋下系住, 似裙, 男女皆穿）.
sartorial
/ sB:5tR:rIEl; sBr`tRrIEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) of (usu men's) clothes or a way of dressing 服装的; （通常指）男式服装的; 衣著的: sartorial elegance 衣著的大方雅致. 
sartorially 
/ -rIElI; -rIElI/ adv.
SAS
/ 9es eI 5es; 9Zs e `Zs/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Special Air Service (of the army) （陆军的）特种空勤部队.
sash
/ sAF; sAF/ n long strip of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder as an ornament or as part of a uniform 腰带; 肩带.
sash
/ sAF; sAF/ n either of a pair of window frames, one above the other, opening and closing by sliding up and down in grooves （垂直拉窗的）窗框.
sash-cord 
n cord with a weight at one end running over a pulley and attached to a sash, allowing the window to be kept open in any position 吊窗绳（一端有坠, 另一端固著於垂直拉窗的窗框, 中间有滑轮, 可使窗户停留在任何开启位置）.
sash-window 
n window consisting of two sashes 垂直拉窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.
sashay
/ 5sAFeI; `sAFe/ v [Ipr, Ip] (US infml 口) walk or move in a casual but showy way 大摇大摆地或神气活现地走: sashay into the room 大摇大摆地走进房间 * She sashayed past, not condescending to look at us. 她神气活现地走了过去, 连看也不愿看我们一眼.
sass
/ sAs; sAs/ n [U] (US infml 口) disrespectful rudeness; sauce(2) 无礼; 莽撞: Just listen to her sass! 你听听她那些无礼的话!
sass 
v [Tn] (US infml 口)  1 be disrespectfully rude to (sb) 对（某人）粗鲁无礼: Don't you dare sass me! 你竟敢对我这样无礼!  2 (phr v) sass sb back answer sb rudely 与某人顶嘴: I asked her to go and brush her teeth and she just sassed me back. 我叫她去刷牙, 她就跟我顶起嘴来.
sassy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (US infml 口)  1 disrespectfully rude 无礼的; 莽撞的.  2 lively or stylish 活泼的; 时髦的: a real sassy dresser 衣著十分时髦的人.
Sassenach
/ 5sAsEnAk; `sAsn9Ak/ n (Scot derog or joc 苏格兰, 贬或谑) English person 英格兰人.
Sat
abbr 缩写 = Saturday: Sat 2 May  5月2日星期六.
sat
pt, pp of sit.
Satan
/ 5seItn; `setn/ n the Devil 撒旦; 魔鬼.
satanic 
/ sE5tAnIk; ?@ seI-; se`tAnIk/ adj  1 (often 常作 Satanic) of or like Satan （似）撒旦的, 魔鬼的: satanic rites, eg involving the worship of Satan 崇拜撒旦的仪式 * (joc 谑) His Satanic Majesty, ie Satan 撒旦陛下.  2 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) wicked; evil 邪恶的; 罪恶的. 
satanically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
Satanism
/ 5seItEnIzEm; `setn9IzEm/ n [U] worship of Satan 撒旦崇拜; 魔鬼崇拜. 
Satanist 
/ 5seItEnIst;`setnIst/ n worshipper of Satan 撒旦崇拜者; 魔鬼崇拜者.
satchel
/ 5sAtFEl; `sAtFEl/ n small leather or canvas bag, usu carried over the shoulders and used for carrying school books, etc 小的皮包或帆布包; （通常指背在肩上的）书包.
sated
/ seItId; setId/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) having had so much (of sth) that one does not want any more; satiated 厌腻: sated with pleasure 享乐得生厌.
satellite
/ 5sAtElaIt; `sAtl9aIt/ n  1 (a) natural body in space orbiting round a larger body, esp a planet 卫星: The moon is the Earth's satellite. 月球是地球的卫星. (b) man-made device, eg a space station, put in orbit round a planet 人造卫星: a com,muni`cations satellite, ie one that relays back to the Earth telephone messages or radio and TV signals received from another part of the Earth 通信卫星. => illus at orbit 见orbit插图.  2 (also `satellite state) (usu derog 通常作贬义) country dependent on another more powerful country and controlled by it 卫星国（依附於某大国并受其控制者）: the former USSR and its satellites 前苏联及其卫星国.
satiate
/ 5seIFIeIt; `seFI9et/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) provide (sb) with so much of sth that he wants no more 使（某人）充分满足（而不再需要某物）: She pushed her chair back from the table, satiated. 她把椅子从餐桌处向後挪了挪, 再也吃不下了. * satiated with pleasure 享乐得生厌. 
satiation 
/ 9seIFI5eIFn;9seFI`eFEn/ n [U].
satiety
/ sE5taIEtI; sE`taIEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) condition or feeling of being satiated 满足; 饱足: feel full to satiety 感到过於满足.
satin
/ 5sAtIn; ?@ 5sAtn; `sAtn/ n [U] silk material that is shiny and smooth on one side 缎; 缎子: [attrib 作定语] a satin dress, ribbon, etc 缎子连衣裙、 缎带.
satin 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] smooth like satin 像缎子一样光滑的: The paint has a satin finish. 漆面光滑如缎.
satiny 
adj having the appearance or texture of satin （外观或质地）似缎的, 光滑的: her satiny skin 她的光滑的皮肤.
satinwood
/ 5sAtInwUd; ?@ 5sAtn-; `sAtn9wJd/ n [U] smooth hard wood of a tropical tree, used for making furniture 缎木.
satire
/ 5sAtaIE(r); `sAtaIr/ n  1 [U] attacking foolish or wicked behaviour by making fun of it, often by using sarcasm and parody 讽刺; 讥讽: a work of bitter satire 充满尖刻讽刺的作品 * Is there too much satire on TV? 电视上讽刺内容是否太多了?  2 [C] ~ (on  sb/sth) piece of writing, play, film, etc that makes fun of foolish or wicked behaviour in this way 讽刺作品（文章、 戏剧、 电影等）: Her novel is a satire on social snobbery. 她的小说是描写势利小人的讽刺作品.
satirical 
/ sE5tIrIkl; sE`tIrIkl/ (also satiric / sE5tIrIk; sE`tIrIk/) adj containing or using satire 含讽刺意味的; 嘲讽的: a satirical play, poem, sketch, etc 讽刺剧、 诗、 小品等. 
satirically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
satirist 
/ 5sAtErIst; `sAtErIst/ n person who uses or writes satire 进行讽刺的人; 创作讽刺作品的作家.
satirize, satirise 
/ 5sAtEraIz; `sAtE9raIz/ v [Tn] make fun of (sb/sth) by means of satire 讽刺或讥讽（某人[某事物]）: Politicians are often satirized on TV and radio. 政客常遭到电视与无线电广播的讥讽.
satisfaction
/ 9sAtIs5fAkFn; 9sAtIs`fAkFEn/ n   1 [U] feeling of contentment felt when one has or achieves what one needs or desires 满意; 满足: She can look back on her career with great satisfaction. 她回顾自己的经历觉得心满意足. * get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one's work 从自己的工作中得到满足 * a look of smug satisfaction 自鸣得意的表情 * In old age he finally had the satisfaction of seeing the quality of his work recognized. 他在暮年终於目睹自己的作品得到赞赏深感欣慰. * do the work to the satisfaction of the client, ie so that he is pleased with it 工作做得让顾客满意 * job satisfaction 从工作中得到的满足感.  2 [U] fulfilment (of a need, desire, etc) （需要、 愿望等的）实现: the satisfaction of one's hunger 解饿 * the satisfaction of a hope, desire, ambition, etc 希望、 愿望、 抱负等的实现.  3 [C] thing that gives contentment or pleasure 令人满足或带来乐趣的事物: the satisfactions of doing work that one loves 做自己喜欢的工作从中得到的乐趣.  4 [U] (fml 文) (a) adequate response (eg compensation or an apology) to a complaint （对投诉做出的）满意的回应（如补偿或道歉）: When I didn't get any satisfaction from the local people I wrote to the head office. 当地部门做出的回应我十分不满, 因而向其总部投书. (b) revenge for an insult, etc, esp (formerly) by means of duelling （受辱後的）复仇, （尤指旧时）决斗: You have insulted my wife; I demand satisfaction! 你侮辱了我的妻子, 我要与你决斗!
satisfactory
/ 9sAtIs5fAktErI; 9sAtIs`fAktErI/ adj good enough for a purpose (but not outstanding) 满意的, 满足的, 如意的（但并非十全十美）: a satisfactory attempt, meal, book, piece of work 满意的尝试、 饭菜、 书、 作品 * The result of the experiment was satisfactory. 实验结果令人满意. * Her school report says her French is satisfactory. 她成绩单上记载法语尚可. * We want a satisfactory explanation of your lateness. 我们想让你解释一下你迟到有什麽充分理由.
satisfactorily 
/ -tErElI; -tErElI/ adv in a satisfactory manner 令人满意地; 令人满足地: The patient is getting on satisfactorily. 病人康复情况令人满意.
satisfactoriness 
n [U].
satisfy
/ 5sAtIsfaI; `sAtIs9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn] give (sb) what he wants, demands or needs; make contented 使（某人）满意或满足: Nothing satisfies him: he's always complaining. 他对什麽都不满意, 总是抱怨. * She's not satisfied with anything but the best. 她事事都要最好的方才罢休.  2 [Tn] fulfil (a need, desire, etc); do enough to meet (a requirement, etc) 满足（需要、 愿望等）; 达到（要求等）: satisfy sb's hunger, demands, curiosity 解饿、 符合要求、 满足好奇心 * She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college. 她已符合进入这所学院的条件.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (as to/of sth) give sb proof, information, etc; convince sb 向某人提供证据、 消息等; 使某人信服: My assurances don't satisfy him: he's still sceptical. 我说的确确实实他都不信, 仍有疑虑. * satisfy the police that one is innocent/as to one's innocence 向警方证实自己是清白的.  4 (idm 习语) ,satisfy the examiners pass an exam 考及格.
satisfied 
adj feeling satisfaction; contented 满意的; 满足的: I felt quite satisfied after my big meal. 我这顿饭吃得很多, 觉得很饱. * (ironic 反语) Look! You've broken my watch. Now are you satisfied? 看! 你把我的手表弄坏了. 现在该满意了吧?
satisfying 
adj giving satisfaction 令人满意的; 令人满足的: a satisfying meal, result 令人满意的饭菜、 结果. 
satisfyingly 
adv.
satsuma
/ sAt5su:mE; 9sAt`sumE/ n small loose-skinned edible fruit like a mandarin orange 蜜橘.
saturate
/ 5sAtFEreIt; `sAtFE9ret/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/in sth) make sth very wet; soak sth 浸湿或浸透某物: clothes saturated with water 浸湿的衣服 * Saturate the meat in the mixture of oil and herbs. 把肉浸泡在油和作料的卤汁里.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth/sb with/in sth cause sth/sb to absorb a lot of sth; fill sth/sb completely with sth 使某物[某人]大量吸收或充满某物: We lay on the beach, saturated in sunshine. 我们躺在沙滩上, 沐浴在阳光里. * The market is saturated with good used cars, ie There are too many of them for sale. 市场上质量好的旧汽车供过於求.
saturated 
adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] very wet; soaked 极湿; 湿透: I went out in the rain and got saturated. 我冒著雨出门, 浑身都淋透了.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (chemistry 化) (of a solution) containing the greatest possible amount of the dissolved substance （指溶液）饱和的: a saturated solution of salt 饱和的食盐溶液.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of fats and oils, eg butter) containing chemicals bonded in such a way that eating them is bad for the health （指油脂, 如黄油）含饱和脂肪酸的（不利健康）. Cf 参看 polyunsaturated.
saturation 
/ 9sAtFE5reIFn; 9sAtFE`reFEn/ n [U] saturating or being saturated 浸湿; 浸透; 饱和.  adj [attrib 作定 语] (of an attack) carried out in such a way that the whole of an area is affected （指攻击）呈饱和状态的, 遍及各处的: saturation bombing of the town 对该城的饱和轰炸.
saturation point  
1 (chemistry 化) stage at which no more of a substance can be absorbed into a solution 饱和点.  2 (fig 比喻) stage at which no more can be absorbed, accepted, etc 饱和（状态）: So many refugees have arrived that the camps have reached saturation point. 来了那麽多的难民, 营房都饱和了.
Saturday
/ 5sAtEdI; `sAtLdI/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Sat) the seventh and last day of the week, next after Friday 星期六. For the uses of Saturday see the examples at Monday. 关於 Saturday 的用法见 Monday 词条中的示例.
Saturn
/ 5sAtEn; `sAtLn/ n (astronomy 天) the planet sixth in order from the sun, large and with rings round it 土星.
saturnalia
/ 9sAtE5neIlIE; 9sAtL`nelIE/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 saturnalias) (rhet 修辞) wild revelry 纵情狂欢.
saturnine
/ 5sAtEnaIn; `sAtL9naIn/ adj (fml 文) (of a person or his appearance) gloomy （指人或人的外貌）忧郁的, 阴沉的: a saturnine face, frown 愁容、 颦蹙.
satyr
/ 5sAtE(r); `sAtL/ n  1 (in Greek and Roman myths) god of the woods, half man and half goat （希猎及罗马神话）（半人半羊的）森林之神.  2 (rhet 修辞) man with very strong sexual desires 性欲极强的男子.
sauce
/ sR:s; sRs/ n  1 [C, U] (type of) liquid or semi-liquid mixture served with food to add flavour 沙司; 调味汁; 酱: tomato, soy, cranberry, etc `sauce 番茄酱、 酱油、 越橘沙司 * fruit pudding and brandy sauce 水果布丁和白兰地调味汁 * What sauces go best with fish? 吃鱼配哪种调味汁最好? * [attrib 作定语] a `sauce bottle 沙司瓶. Cf 参看 pickle 1, relish 3.  2 [U] (infml 口) disrespectful rudeness, often of a harmless kind 无礼, 莽撞（常指无伤大雅的）: We'll have no more of your sauce, young man! 小伙子, 别对我们这麽不客气! Cf 参看 sass.  3 the sauce [sing] (US infml 口) alcoholic drink 烈酒: Keep off the sauce! 别喝烈酒!  4 (idm 习语) in the `sauce (US infml 口) having had a lot of alcohol; drunk 饮酒过多的; 醉的. what is ,sauce for the `goose is , sauce for the `gander (saying 谚) what applies to one person must apply to another in similar circumstances 适用於一人也一定适用於另一人: If you can arrive late, then so can I: what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 你可以迟到, 那我也可以晚来: 一视同仁嘛. > sauce v [Tn] (infml 口) be disrespectfully rude to (sb) 对（某人）无礼或粗鲁: Don't you dare sauce me! 你竟敢对我无礼! Cf 参看 sass v. saucy adj (-ier, -iest)  1 disrespectfully rude 无礼的; 莽撞的: You saucy little thing! 你这个鲁莽的小东西!  2 (esp of clothes) smart and cheerful; jaunty （尤指衣物）时髦的, 漂亮的: a saucy little hat 漂亮的小帽. 
saucily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
sauciness 
n [U].
sauce-boat 
n container for serving sauce （船形的）沙司碟.
tartar sauce
/ 9tB:tE(r) 5sR:s; ?@ 5tB:rtEr sR:s; `tBrtL9sRs/ cold sauce of mayonnaise with chopped onions, herbs, capers, gherkins, etc, eaten esp with fish 塔塔沙司（用蛋黄酱加碎洋葱、 香料, 续随子及小黄瓜制成, 尤用以佐鱼）.
saucepan
/ 5sR:spEn; ?@ -pAn; `sRs9pAn/ n metal cooking pot, usu round and with a lid and a handle, used for cooking things over heat 锅（通常指有盖及柄的）. =>illus at pan 见 pan 插图.
saucer
/ 5sR:sE(r); `sRsL/ n  1 small shallow curved dish on which a cup stands 茶托; 茶杯碟: Where's my cup and saucer? 我的茶杯和茶托在哪儿呢?  2 anything shaped like this, eg the dish of a radio telescope 碟形物（如射电望远镜的碟形盘）.
sauerkraut
/ 5saUEkraUt; `saJr9kraJt/ n [U] (German 德) chopped pickled cabbage 泡洋白菜丝.
sauna
/ 5sR:nE, also 5saUnE; `sRnE, `saJnE/ n (a) period of sitting or lying in a special room heated to a very high temperature, often followed by a quick bath in cold water 桑拿浴; 蒸气浴. (b) room for this 蒸气浴室.
saunter
/ 5sR:ntE(r); `sRntL/ v [Ipr, Ip] walk in a leisurely way; stroll 漫步; 闲逛: saunter down the avenue 沿著林荫道漫步 * He sauntered by with his hands in his pockets. 他双手插在口袋里悠闲地走了过去.
saunter 
n [sing] leisurely walk or pace 漫步; 闲逛: a casual saunter around the shops 逛商店.
saurian
/ 5sR:rIEn; `sRrIEn/ n, adj (animal) of the lizard family including crocodiles, lizards and some extinct species (eg dinosaurs) 蜥蜴亚目的（动物）（包括鳄鱼、 蜥蜴及一些已绝种的品种, 如恐龙）.
sausage
/ 5sCsIdV; ?@ 5sR:s-; `sRsIdV/ n  1 [C, U] mixture of minced meat (esp pork or beef) and flavouring, etc in a thin tube-like casing (either cooked and eaten whole or served cold and in slices) 香肠; 腊肠: grill some sausages 烤些香肠 * a pound of garlic sausage 一磅蒜味香肠.  2 (idm 习语) not a sausage (infml 口) nothing at all 一点也不; 毫无.
sausage-dog 
n (Brit infml 口) dachshund 猎獾狗. 
sausage meat 
minced meat with cereal, flavourings, etc used for making sausages （做香肠的）肉馅.
sausage roll 
sausage meat baked in a tube of pastry 香肠卷（面皮卷香肠肉馅烤的点心）.
saute
/ 5sEUteI; ?@ sEU5teI; so`te/ adj [attrib 作定语] (French 法) (of food) quickly fried in a little fat （指食物）煎的, 炒的: saute potatoes 煎马铃薯.
saute 
v (pt, pp ~ed or ~d, pres p ~ing) [Tn] fry (food) in this way 煎, 炒（食物）: Saute the onions. 炒洋葱. => Usage at cook 用法见 cook.
savage
/ 5sAvIdV; `sAvIdV/ adj 1 (a) wild and fierce 野性的; 凶猛的: a savage lion, wolf, etc 猛狮、 恶狼 * a savage attack by a big dog 凶猛的大狗的攻击. (b) cruel, vicious or hostile 残酷的; 恶毒的; 敌意的: savage criticism, remarks 粗暴的批评、 恶毒的言语 * The article was a savage attack on her past actions. 那篇文章对她过去的行为进行了恶毒的攻击. * He has a savage temper. 他脾气暴躁. * The savage ruler ordered that the prisoner be executed. 那残暴的统治者命令将囚犯处死. (c) extremely severe 极严重的: savage cuts in our budget 对我们的预算做的大幅度削减.  2 (<!> offensive 讳, 蔑) at an early stage of civilization; primitive 野蛮的; 未开化的: savage tribes 这帮野蛮人.
savage 
n (<!> offensive 讳, 蔑) savage(2) person 野蛮人; 野人: an island inhabited by savages 野蛮人居住的岛 * (derog or joc 贬或谑) Those children can be real little savages. 那些孩子简直是小野人.
savage 
v [Tn]  1 attack (sb) savagely; maul 残暴地攻击（某人）; 残害: She was badly savaged by a mad dog. 她让疯狗咬得伤势很重.  2 (fig 比喻) criticize (sb/sth) severely 猛烈批评（某人[某事物]）: a novel savaged by the reviewers 遭评论家猛烈抨击的小说. 
savagely 
adv.
savageness 
n [U] being savage 野性; 残酷; 野蛮.
savagery 
/ 5sAvIdVrI; `sAvIdVrI/ n [U] savage behaviour 野蛮或残酷的行为: treat prisoners with brutal savagery 残酷野蛮地对待囚犯.
savannah (also savanna) 
/ sE5vAnE; sE`vAnE/ n [C, U] (expanse of) treeless grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions （热带和亚热带的）无树大草原. Cf 参看 pampas, prairie, steppe, veld.
savant
/ 5sAvEnt; ?@ sA5vB:nt; sA`vBnt/ n (fml 文) person of great learning 博学之士; 学者; 专家.
save
/ seIv; sev/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/doing sth) make or keep sb/sth safe (from harm, loss, etc) 救; 拯救; 援救; 保全（以免伤害、 损失等）: save sb's life 救某人的命 * save sb from drowning 救溺水的人 * save a person from himself, eg from the results of his own foolishness 使某人免於自食恶果 * It was too late to save the sick woman, and she died. 病妇未获及时抢救而死亡. * Can the school be saved from closure? 能保全这所学校不致关闭吗? * She saved the set (ie at tennis) by winning the next game. 她因下一局获胜从而赢了这一盘（网球）比赛.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]  ~ (sth) (up) (for sth);  ~ (with sth) keep (money) for future use; not spend 储存（钱）; 贮蓄: It's prudent to save. 储蓄是有远见的. * save (up) for a new bike/to buy a new bike 攒钱买新自行车 * I save with (ie keep my savings in) the Brighton Building Society. 我把钱存在布赖顿房屋建筑协会里. * save part of one's salary each month 把每月薪水存起一部分来. (b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) keep sth for future use; not use up sth completely 储存某物; 不将某物用完: Don't eat all the cake now; save some for tomorrow. 现在别把蛋糕都吃了, 留些明天吃. * Save your strength for the hard work you'll have to do later. 留著点儿劲儿, 你一会儿还得干重活儿呢. * save one's eyes, ie protect one's eyesight, eg by not reading too much 保护视力 * Don't drink all the wine; save me some/save some for me! 别把酒喝光了, 给我留些! (c) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sth avoid wasting sth 避免浪费某物; 节省; 节约: save on time and money by shopping at the supermarket 到超级市场购物省时省钱 * save fuel by insulating one's house 给房子作隔热处理以节省燃料.  3 [Tn, Tg, Tsg, Dn.n] make (sth) unnecessary; make it unnecessary for sb to use sth, spend sth, etc 省去（某事物）; 使某人不必使用、 花费...: Order the goods by phone and save (yourself) a journey. ��i打电话购物免得（亲自）跑一趟. * Walking to the office saves (me) spending money on bus fares. 步行上班可省（我）公共汽车费. * The gift of money saved our having to borrow from the bank. 有了这笔赠款我们就不用向银行借钱了. * That will save us a lot of trouble. 那就省了我们很多麻烦. * We've been saved a lot of expense by doing the work ourselves. 我们自己做那工作, 节省了一大笔开销.  4 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) set sb free (from the power of sin or its bad consequences) 拯救, 挽救某人（摆脱罪愆或罪孽）; 赦罪: Jesus saves! 耶稣拯救世人! * Jesus Christ came into the world to save us from our sins. 基督降世拯救我们摆脱罪恶.  5 [Tn] (in football, etc) prevent an opponent from making (a scoring shot, etc) （足球等）阻碍对方得（分等）, 救球: The goalie managed to save a shot struck at close range. 守门员救起一个近距离射的球.  6 (idm 习语) pinch and save/scrape => pinch . risk/save one's neck => neck. save sb's `bacon (infml 口) prevent sb from failing, losing, being harmed, etc 使某人免於失败或免受损失、 伤害等: I was nearly bankrupt, but your loan saved my bacon. 我已濒於破产, 是你借给我的钱使我幸免於难. save one's `breath not bother to speak when it is useless 不必白费唇舌: You can save your breath: you'll never persuade her. 别白费唇舌了, 你决说服不了她. save (sb's) `face preserve one's/sb's pride, reputation, etc 保全面子: Though she'd lost her job, she saved face by saying she'd left it willingly. 她失去了工作, 却说是自愿离职以保全面子. save one's (own) `hide/`skin (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) escape harm, injury, punishment, loss, etc 免受伤害、 损失、 惩罚等: When the rest of the gang were arrested, he saved his own skin by giving evidence against them. 他那一伙人都已被捕, 他因提供指控他们的证据而保全了自己. save the situ`ation deal successfully with a situation which seems hopeless 挽回局势; 渡过难关: Disagreements threatened to wreck the peace talks, but the president's intervention saved the situation. 讲和谈判因意见分歧危如累卵, 而会长从中斡旋方转危为安. scrimp and save => scrimp. a stitch in time saves nine => stitch n.
save 
n (in football, etc) act of preventing a goal from being scored （足球等）阻碍对方得分的动作, 救球.
saver 
n  1 (a) person who saves 拯救者; 储蓄者; 储存者; 救星; 救球的运动员: Good news for all savers  a rise in interest rates! 储蓄者的好消息--利率提高了! * a saver of souls, eg a priest 灵魂的拯救者（如牧师）. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) thing that saves 用以节省的装置: a boiler that is a good fuel-saver 非常节省燃料的锅炉.  2 (Brit) ticket, etc that costs less than the usual price 廉价的票、 券等: [attrib 作定语] an off-peak saver ticket 非高峰时期的优惠票.
saving 
adj (idm 习语) a saving `grace thing that makes up for the poor qualities in sb/sth 可弥补某人[某事物]缺点的特质: He may be stupid and mean, but his one saving grace is his humour. 他虽说又愚蠢又吝啬, 但他有幽默的长处.
-saving 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) that saves (save 1 3) the thing specified 节省的;节约的: Modern houses have many labour-saving devices, eg washing-machines, dishwashers, etc which make housework easier. 现代化的房屋有许多省力的设备（如洗衣机、 洗碗机等）. * energy-saving modifications 为节能做的改装.
save-as-you-earn 
n (abbr 缩写 SAYE) (dated 旧 Brit) method of saving one's money by having some of it deducted from one's salary each month 薪金扣存储蓄法.
save
/ seIv; sev/ (also saving / 5seIvIN; `sevIN/) prep, conj (fml 文) except 除了（表示所说的不包括在内）: all save him 除他以外所有的人 * We know nothing about her save that her surname is Jones. 我们除了知道她姓琼斯外, 对她全不了解.
saving
/ 5seIvIN; `sevIN/ n  1 [C] amount saved 节省或储存的量: a useful saving of time and money 在时间和金钱方面有价值的节省 * big savings on fuel through greater efficiency 通过提高效率节省大量燃料.  2 savings [pl] money saved up 储蓄金; 存款; 积蓄: keep one's savings in the bank 把储蓄的钱存在银行里.
savings account  
1 (Brit) any type of bank account that earns more interest than a deposit account 储蓄帐户（可获利息高於定期存款帐户的任何类型的银行帐户）.  2 (US) any type of account that earns interest 储蓄帐户（可获利息的任何类型的帐户）. Cf 参看 current account (current1), deposit account (deposit2).
savings bank 
bank that pays interest on money deposited but does not provide other services for its customers 储蓄银行.
saviour (US savior) 
/ 5seIvIE(r); `sevjL/ n  1 person who rescues or saves sb from danger 救助者; 拯救者; 救星.  2 the Saviour,  Our Saviour Jesus Christ 救世主（耶稣基督）.
savoir-faire
/ 9sAvwB:5feE(r); 9sAvwBr`fZr/ n [U] (French approv 法, 褒) ability to behave appropriately in social situations 处世的能力: possess, display, lack savoir-faire 有、 表现出、 没有社交本领.
savory
/ 5seIvErI; `sevErI/ n  1 [U] herb of the mint family used in cooking 香薄荷（用於烹饪的）.  2 [C] (US) = savoury n.
savour (US savor) 
/ 5seIvE(r); `sevL/ n [C, U] (pleasant) taste or flavour （美）味; 味道; 滋味; 风味: soup with a slight savour of garlic 略带蒜味的汤 * meat that has lost its savour 已失去原有香味的肉 * (fig 比喻) His political views have a savour of fanaticism. 他的政治观点有些偏激. * Life seems to have lost some of its savour, ie its enjoyable quality. 生活中似乎已失去了一些值得享受的乐趣. > savour v  1 [Tn] enjoy the taste or flavour of (sth), esp by eating or drinking it slowly 欣赏（某物）的味道或风味（尤指慢慢地品嗜）: savour the finest French dishes 品嗜最好的法国菜 * (fig 比喻) Now the exams are over, I'm savouring my freedom. 因为考试结束了, 我现在自由自在了.  2 (phr v) savour of sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) have a suggestion or trace of sth (esp sth bad) 有某种迹象或痕迹（尤指坏事）: Her remarks savour of hypocrisy. 她说的话听起来有点儿虚伪.
savoury (US savory) 
/ 5seIvErI; `sevErI/ adj  1 (of food) having a salty or sharp flavour, not a sweet one （指食物）咸的, 辣的: a savoury pancake 咸的烙饼.  2 having an appetizing taste or smell 开胃的（可口的或香喷喷的）.  3 (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) morally wholesome or respectable 道德高尚的; 可敬的: I gather his past life was not altogether savoury. 我猜想他过去的生活并非十分正派. Cf 参看 unsavoury .
savoury (US savory) 
n (Brit) savoury(1) dish, usu served at the end of a meal 咸的或辣的食物（通常为一顿饭最後吃的）.
savoy
/ sE5vRI; sE`vRI/ n type of cabbage with wrinkled leaves 皱叶甘蓝.
savvy
/ 5sAvI; `sAvI/ n [U] (sl 俚) common sense; understanding 常识; 理解: Where's your savvy? 你的常识到哪里去了?
savvy 
v (pt, pp savvied) [I] (sl 俚) (usu in the imperative or present tense 通常用於祈使句或现在时态) understand; know 理解; 知道: Keep your mouth shut! Savvy? 闭上嘴! 懂吗? * No savvy, ie I do not know/understand. 我不知道[懂].
saw
pt of see1.
saw
/ sR:; sR/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) cutting tool that has a long blade with a sharp-toothed edge, worked by hand (by pushing it backwards and forwards) or mechanically, and used for cutting wood, metal, stone, etc 锯: cutting logs with a `power saw 用电锯锯原木 * a ,circular `saw * a `handsaw * a `chainsaw.
saw 
v (pt sawed, pp sawn / sR:n; sRn/; US sawed)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use a saw; cut (sth) with a saw; make (logs, etc) by using a saw 用锯; 锯（某物）; 锯成（原木段等）: spend half an hour sawing 锯半小时 * saw into the branch 把锯锯进树枝 * saw wood 锯木材 * saw a log into planks/in two 把原木锯成板[两截] * saw the plank right through 把木板锯开. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (away) (at sth) make to-and-fro movements as if with a saw 像拉锯一样来回移动: sawing at his fiddle, ie using the bow as if it were a saw 拉提琴 * She was sawing (away at) the bread with a blunt knife. 她正在用一把钝刀拉锯般地切著面包.  3 [I] be capable of being sawn 可被锯开: This wood saws easily. 这木材很容易锯开.  4 (phr v) saw sth down bring sth to the ground using a saw 锯倒某物: saw a tree, pole, etc down 锯倒树、 杆等. saw sth off (sth) cut sth off with a saw 锯掉某物: saw a branch off (a tree) 锯掉树枝 * a sawn-off shotgun, ie one with most of the barrel sawn off, used esp by criminals because it is easier to carry and conceal 枪管锯短的枪（尤指罪犯为便於携带或隐藏用的）.  saw sth up saw sth into pieces 将某物锯成小块: All the trees have been sawn up into logs. 所有的树都已锯成原木.
sawyer 
/ 5sR:jE(r); `sRjL/ n person whose job is sawing wood 锯木工.
sawdust 
n [U] tiny pieces of wood falling as powder from wood as it is sawn 锯末.
saw-horse (US also `sawbuck) 
n wooden frame on which wood is supported while it is being sawn 锯木架. 
sawmill 
n mill with power-operated saws for cutting timber into planks, etc 锯木厂.
saw
/ sR:; sR/ n (dated 旧) saying; proverb 格言; 谚语: the old saw `More haste, less speed.' 语云,｀欲速则不达.＇
sax
/ sAks; sAks/ n (infml 口) = saxophone.
saxifrage
/ 5sAksIfreIdV; `sAksEfredV/ n [U] any of various Alpine or rock plants with white, yellow or red flowers 虎身草（生於高山或岩石间, 花呈白色、 黄色或红色）.
Saxon
/ 5sAksn; `sAksn/ n  1 [C] member of a people once living in NW Germany, some of whom conquered and settled in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries 撒克逊人（早期居住在德意志西北部的人, 有些人於 5 世纪及 6 世纪时征服了不列颠而定居下来）.  2 [U] their language 撒克逊语.
Saxon 
adj of this people or their language 撒克逊人的; 撒克逊语的: Saxon tribes, customs, grammar 撒克逊的部落、 习俗、 语法.
saxophone
/ 5sAksEfEUn; `sAksE9fon/ (also infml 口语作 sax) n metal musical instrument played by blowing, with keys worked by the player's fingers, typically shaped like a long thin letter S and used mainly for jazz 萨克管（铜管乐器）: a tenor/bass saxophone 次中音[低音]萨克管 * [attrib 作定语] a saxophone solo 萨克管独奏. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page x.
saxophonist 
/ sAk5sCfEnIst; ?@ 5sAksEfEUnIst;`sAksE9fonIst/ n saxophone player 萨克管吹奏者.
say 
n  1 [sing, U] ~ (in sth) power to decide 决定权: have no, not much, some, any, etc say (in a matter) （对某事）没有、 不大有、 有些、 有...决定权 * I want a say in the management of the business. 我想要在业务管理方面有决定权.  2 (idm 习语) have one's `say express one's view 表达意见: Don't interrupt her: let her have her say. 别打断她的话, 让她把意见说出来.
say
/ seI; se/ v (3rd pers sing pres t says / sez; sZz/, pt, pp  said / sed; sZd/)  1 ( a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) tell sth (to sb), usu in words 说;讲: Did you say `Please'? 你说｀请＇这个字了吗? * `Hello!' I said. ｀喂!＇我说. * She said nothing to me about it. 这件事她完全没对我说过. * He said (that) his friend's name was Sam. 他说他朋友的名字叫山姆. * Everyone said how awful the weather was. 大家都说天气糟透了. * He finds it hard to say what he feels. 他觉得很难说出自己的感受. * She said to meet her here. 她说在这里与她见面. * I said to myself (ie thought), `That can't be right!' 我心说, ｀这不对呀!＇ * They say/It's said (ie People claim) that he's a genius. 据说他很有才华. * So you say, ie I think you may be wrong. 你是这麽说的（我认为你可能错了）. * Who said I can't cook? ie Of course I can! 谁说我不会做饭? * Be quiet, I've got something to say. 请安静, 我有话要说. * Having said that (ie Despite what I have just said), I agree with your other point. 我虽然这麽说, 我还是同意你的另一说法. * (euph 婉) If you damage the car, your father will have plenty to say about it, ie he will be angry. 你要是把汽车弄坏了, 你父亲非说你不可（他一定得生气）. (b) [Tn] pronounce (eg words one has learned) 念, 背诵（如学过的词语）: say a short prayer 背诵简短的祈祷文 * Try to say that line with more conviction. 念这一行时, 要尽量带出坚定的语气. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make (thoughts, feelings, etc) clear to sb by using words, or else by gestures, behaviour, etc （用言语、 手势、 行为等）表达（思想、 情感等）: This poem doesn't say much to me. 我体会不出这首诗好在什麽地方. * Just what is the artist trying to say in her work? 那艺术家在她的作品中究竟想表达什麽? * Her angry glance said everything. 她愤怒的目光足以说明了一切. (d) [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tf, Tw,Tt] (of a book, sign, etc) give (information or instructions)（指书、 符号等）表示（信息或指示）: a notice saying `Keep Out' 写有｀禁止入内＇的告示 * The clock says three o'clock. 这个钟三点了. * The law says (that) this is quite legitimate. 从法律上说, 这是合法的. * The book doesn't say where he was born. 书上没说他是在哪里出生的. * The guidebook says to turn left. 旅游指南上说向左转. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] give (an opinion, answer, etc) 表明（看法、 意见等）: I'll say this (for them), (ie I'll admit that) they're efficient. 我得（为他们）说句话, 他们很有能力. * I can't say I blame her for resigning, ie I think she was justified. 我不能说她辞职是错的（我认为她有她的道理）. * I would say he's right. 我认为他对. * My wife thinks I'm too fat  what do you say? 我妻子认为我太胖--你说呢? * I say (ie suggest) we stay here. 我看我们就待在这里吧. * I wouldn't say they were rich, ie In my opinion they aren't rich. 我看他们算不上阔气. * Say all you want about her (ie Despite any criticism you can make), she's still a fine singer. 不管你怎麽说, 她唱得还算不错. * It's hard to say who it was. 很难说是谁. * There is no saying (ie Nobody knows) when the war will end. 谁也说不上战争什麽时候能结束. * `When will the meal be ready?' `I couldn't say.' ｀饭什麽时候做好?＇｀我说不准.＇ (b) [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tf] suppose (sth) as an example or a possibility 假定; 比如说: You could learn to play chess in, (let's) say, three months. 学下国际象棋要用, 比如说, 三个月吧. * Let's take any writer, say(ie for example) Dickens... 咱们可以随便拿个作家为例, 比方说狄更斯... * Say you have an accident: who would look after you? 假如你出了事故, 谁来照顾你呢?  3 (idm 习语) before you can/could say Jack Robinson very quickly or suddenly 立刻; 马上; 一下子. easier said than done => easy2. ,go without `saying be very obvious or natural 不用说; 显而易见: It goes without saying that I'll help you. 用不著说, 我一定帮助你. have a good word to say for sb/sth => word. have something, nothing, etc to `say for oneself be ready, unwilling, etc to talk, eg to give one's views or justify oneself 有话要说、 没话可说等（如表达自己的观点或作自我辩解）: She hasn't got much to say for herself, ie doesn't take part in conversation. 她没什麽话说. * You've got too much to say for yourself, ie You think you are more interesting than you really are. 你有些自我标榜. * You've lost your games kit again  what have you got to say for yourself? 你又把运动用具给丢了--看你还有什麽话好说? I dare say => dare1.  `I'll say! (infml 口) yes indeed 当然; 的确: `Does he come often?' `I'll say! Nearly every day.' ｀他常来吗?＇｀可不! 差不多每天都来.＇ I `must say (used when making a comment 用於作评论时): Well that's daft, I must say! 依我看, 那可太蠢了! I say (dated 旧) (used to expresssurprise, shock, etc or (unstressed) to start a conversation用以表示惊讶、 震惊等; 若不重读时, 用以引起话题): ,I`say! What a huge cake! 好家伙! 这麽大的蛋糕! * I say, can you lend me five pounds? 我说, 能借我五英镑吗?  it says a `lot, very `little, etc  for sb/sth (used to present a revealing fact about sb/sth 用以揭示关於某人[某事物]的事实): It says a lot for her that she never lost her temper, ie It shows how patient she is. 她从没发过脾气, 这足以说明她多有耐性. * It doesn't say much for our efficiency that (ie We are not efficient because) the order arrived a week late. 定单晚了一个星期才到, 我们的工作效率未免说不过去了. I ,wouldn't say `no (to sth) (infml 口) used to show one wants sth, or to accept sth when it is offered 表示想要或接受某事物: `Fancy some coffee?' `I wouldn't say no.' ｀想来点咖啡吗?＇｀好哇.＇ * I wouldn't say no to a pizza. 我想来块意大利饼. least said soonest mended (saying 谚) a particular situation will be most quickly remedied if nothing more is said about it 说得越少, 境况越好. the less/least said the better the best thing to do is to say as little as possible (about sth) 少说为妙. let us say for example 比如说; 例如. needless to say =>needless (need3). ,never say `die (saying 谚) don't give up hope 不可气馁; 不要泄气: Never say die: we might still get there on time. 别泄气, 我们仍有可能按时赶到那里.  no sooner said than done => soon . not be saying much (used to point out that sth is not really remarkable 用以指出某事物没什麽了不起): She's taller than me, but as I'm only five foot, that's not saying much. 她比我高, 可我只有五英尺, 不能说明她很高. not say  boo to a goose be very or too timid or gentle 非常胆小或温顺: He's such a nervous chap he wouldn't/couldn't say boo to a goose. 他很怯懦, 胆小如鼠. not say a dicky-bird (sl 俚) say nothing 不吭气; 不作声.  not to say (used to suggest that a stronger way of describing sth is justified 用以表示退一步著想的让步关系): a difficult, not to say impossible, task 这一任务即使不说办不到, 也得说是十分艰巨的. sad to say => sad. say/ be one's last word => last1. say no (to sth) refuse (an offer, a suggestion, etc) 谢绝（好意等）; 拒绝（建议等）: If you don't invest in these shares, you're saying no to a fortune. 要是不买这种股票, 就是放著发财的机会都不要. ,say no `more (a) (used to interrupt sb when one wishes to react to what he is saying 用以打断某人的话以便插入自己的反应意见): Say no more! How much do you wantto borrow? 别再说了! 你想借多少钱吧? (b) I understand what you mean 我明白你的意思: `He came home with lipstick on his face.' `Say no more!' ｀他回到家时脸上还带著口红印呢.＇｀我明白了!＇ say one's piece say what one wants to say 说自己要说的话. Cf 参看 have one's say (say n). says `you (sl 俚) I do not believe what you say 我不相信你的话: `I'll beat him.' `Says you, you haven't got a chance!' ｀我要把他打败.＇｀我不信, 你决办不到!＇ say `when (used to ask sb to show when one should stop doing sth, esp when one has poured enough to drink 在为对方做某事的过程中, 用以请求对方於满意时做出表示, 尤指已斟入不少饮料时). say the `word give an order; make a request 下命令; 提要求: Just say the word, and I'll ask him to leave. 只要你开口, 我就叫他走. strange to say => strange . suffice it to say => suffice . to ,say the `least without any exaggeration 至少可以这样说; 不夸张地说: I was surprised at what he said, to say the least. 毫不夸张地说, 我对他的话感到吃惊. to say nothing of sth without even mentioning sth 更不用说; 何况: He had to go to prison for a month, to say nothing of the fine. 他得入狱一个月, 更不用说罚款了. that is to say in other words （也）就是说; 换言之; 即: three days from now, that's to say Friday 三天之後, 也就是说星期五.  what do/would you say (to sth/doing sth)? would you like sth/to do sth? （对某事物[做某事物]）你觉得怎样?: We'll go on holiday together. What do you say? 我们一起去度假吧. 你觉得怎麽样? * What do you say to going to the theatre tonight? 今晚去看戏, 你说好吗? * What would you say to a chocolate? 吃块巧克力吧? what/whatever sb says goes (infml 口) the specified person has total authority and must be obeyed 某人说了算; 照某人说的办: My wife wants the kitchen painted white, and what she says goes. 我妻子要把厨房刷成白色的, 这事就得照她的意思办. you can say `that  again I agree with you 我同意你的意见: `She's a violent woman.' `You can say that again. She's hit me more than once.' ｀她是个悍妇.＇｀你说得太对了. 她打我可不止一次了.＇ you don't `say! (��Iinfml 口) (used to express surprise 用以表达惊奇): `We're going to get married.' `You don't say!' ｀我们要结婚了.＇｀真的吗?＇ you `said it! (infml 口) that is very true 真是这样; 千真万确: `The food was awful!' `You said it!' ｀这食物很糟糕!＇｀一点不假!＇ * `I looked a fool.' `You said it! (ie I am glad you realized it.)' ｀我活像个傻瓜.＇｀算你说著了!＇
say 
interj (US infml 口) (used to express mild surprise or to introduce a remark 用以表示轻度惊讶或引起话题): Say! How about a Chinese meal tonight? 喂! 今晚吃顿中餐好不好?
saying 
/ 5seIIN; `seIN/ n well-known phrase, proverb, etc; remark often made 谚语; 格言; 俗话: `More haste, less speed,' as the saying goes. 常言道: ｀欲速则不达.＇
say-so 
n [sing] (infml 口)  1 statement made by sb without proof 无充分根据的话: Don't just accept his say-so: find out for yourself. 别听他信口开河, 你得自己去弄清楚.  2 permission (to do sth); power (to decide sth) （做某事物的）许可; （决定某事物的）权力: You don't need my say-so to change things. 你不必向我请示可自行做些变动.
say
NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Say and tell are transitive verbs. * say 和 tell 均为及物动词. The direct object of say is usually the words spoken. * say 的直接宾语通常是所说的话. The direct object of tell is usually the information given and the indirect object is the person that it is given to *tell的直接宾语通常是提供的信息, 其间接宾语是接受信息的人: He sat in a corner and said nothing all evening, ie spoke no words. 他坐在角落里, 整晚一句话也没说. * She told me nothing about herself, ie she gave me no information. 她没向我透露她个人的情况. Say is commonly used with direct speech *say多用以表达出直接引语: He said, `Goodnight,' and went to bed. 他说了声｀晚安＇, 就去睡觉了. Say and tell often report speech. *say和tell常用以表达间接引语. Tell must normally be followed by a personal direct object; say is used without a personal object *tell後面一般须有一表示人的直接宾语, 而say後则无表示人的宾语: He hasn't told me/said that he's leaving. 他还没告诉我[说]他要走. Tell sb + infinitive is used for commands *tell sb+不定式, 这一结构用以表达命令或指示: She told him to hurry up. 她叫他快点.  2 Speak and talk are used intransitively and transitively. *speak和talk既可用作不及物动词也可用作及物动词. They are often used with similar meaning, speak being more formal 这两个词的意思相近, 只是speak较为文些: Can I talk to Susan, please? 请问, 我和苏珊说句话行吗? * I'd like to speak to Mrs Jones, please. 劳驾, 我想和琼斯夫人说句话. Talk suggests that two or more people are having a conversation with each other, while speak is often used of one person addressing a group *talk指两人或两人以上相互交谈, 而speak常用以指一人讲大家听: We talked for hours about the meaning of life. 我们谈人生的意义谈了几个小时. * He spoke to the class about the dangers of smoking. 他给班上学生讲了吸烟的危害性.
SAYE
/ 9es eI  waI 5i:; 9Zs e waI `i/ abbr 缩写 = (dated 旧 Brit) (of a Post Office savings scheme) save-as-you-earn.
sc
abbr 缩写 =  1 (also Sc) scene: Act I Sc IV 第一幕第四场.  2 namely (Latin scilicet 源自拉丁文 scilicet).
scab
/ skAb; skAb/ n  1 [C, U] dry crust formed over a wound or sore as it heals 痂.  2 [U] disease of skin or plants causing scab-like roughness 疥癣: sheep-scab 羊疥癣.  3 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) worker who refuses to join a strike or a trade union, or who takes the place of a striker; blackleg 拒绝参加罢工的工人; 拒不参加工会的工人; 顶替罢工者工作的人; 工贼.
scabby 
adj (-ier, -iest) (a) covered with scabs (scab 1) 结痂的; 有痂的. (b) (sl derog 俚, 贬) contemptible 卑鄙的; 下贱的: You scabby liar! 你这个卑鄙的撒谎的人!
scabbard
/ 5skAbEd; `skAbLd/ n cover for the blade of a sword, dagger or bayonet; sheath （剑、 匕首或刺刀的）鞘. =>illus at sword 见 sword 插图.
scabies
/ 5skeIbi:z; `skebiz/ n [U] contagious skin disease causing scabs and itching 疥疮; 疥疮病.
scabious
/ 5skeIbIEs; `skebIEs/ n [U] wild or cultivated plant with thick clusters of blue, pink or white flowers 山萝卜.
scabrous
/ 5skeIbrEs; ?@ 5skAb-; `skAbrEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 (of animals, plants, etc) having a rough surface （指动植物等）表面粗糙的, 不平滑的.  2 indecent; obscene 猥亵的; 淫秽的: Her scabrous novels shocked the public. 她的小说淫秽不堪, 公众十分震惊.
scads
/ skAdz; skAdz/ n [pl] ~s (of sth) (US infml 口) large numbers or amounts 许多; 大量: scads of money, people 许多钱、 人.
scaffold
/ 5skAfEUld; `skAfold/ n  1 frame made of long metal tubes put up next to a building so that builders, painters, etc can work on it, or to support a platform 脚手架; 建筑架.  2 platform on which criminals are executed 绞架; 断头台: go to the scaffold, ie be executed 上断头台.
scaffolding 
/ 5skAfEldIN; `skAfldIN/ n [U] (materials for a) scaffold(1), eg poles and planks 脚手架; 搭脚手架的材料: tubular scaffolding, ie metal tubes to be bolted together 管子脚手架.
scalar
/ 5skeIlE(r); `skelL/ n, adj (mathematics 数) (quantity) having size but no direction 标量（的）; 纯量（的）. Cf 参看 vector1.
scalawag
(US) = scallywag.
scald
/ skR:ld; skRld/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] burn (oneself or part of one's body) with boiling liquid or steam （用沸腾的液体或蒸汽）烫伤（自己或自己身体的部位）: scald one's hand with hot fat 热油把手烫伤 * She was scalded to death when the boiler exploded. 锅炉爆炸把她烫死了.  2 [Tn] heat (esp milk) almost to boiling-point 将（尤指奶）加热至接近沸点.  3 [Tn] clean (pans, etc) with boiling water 用沸水烫洗（锅等）.
scald 
n injury to the skin from boiling liquid or steam （沸腾的液体或蒸汽对皮肤的）烫伤: an ointment for burns and scalds 治疗烧伤和烫伤的药膏.
scalding 
adj hot enough to scald 滚烫的; 灼热的: scalding water, fat, etc 滚烫的水、 油等.  adv extremely 极: scalding hot 极热.
Beaufort scale
/ 9bEUfEt 5skeIl; 9bofLt `skel/ scale for measuring wind speed ranging originally from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级（最初将风速划分为由 0-12 即由无风到飓风的等级）: registering 8 on the Beaufort scale 风力为 8 级.
Richter scale
/ 9rIktE 5skeIl; 9rIktL `skel/ (geology 地质) scale from 0 to 8 for measuring the intensity of earthquakes 里克特震级, 里氏震级（测定地震强度的标度, 从 0 到 8 级）.
scale
/ skeIl; skel/ n  1 [C] any of the thin overlapping plates of hard material covering the skin of many fish and reptiles 鳞; 鳞片: scrape the scales from a herring 刮去鲱鱼的鳞. => illus at fish 见fish插图.  2 [C] thing resembling this, esp a loose flake of diseased skin 鳞状物; （尤指皮肤的）鳞屑.  3 [U] (a) (also esp Brit fur) chalky material deposited by hard water inside boilers, kettles, water-pipes, etc 水垢; 水　. (b) tartar on teeth 牙垢.  4 (idm 习语) the scales fall from sb's `eyes someone suddenly realizes the truth after having been deceived 受骗後突然发觉真相; 发觉上当: Then the scales fell from my eyes: he had been lying all the time. 我恍然大悟: 他一直在撒谎.
scale 
v  1 [Tn] remove the scales from (fish) 刮（鱼）鳞.  2 (phr v) scale off (sth) come off in flakes 呈片状剥落或脱落: paint/plaster scaling off (a wall) （墙壁）脱落下来的油漆[灰泥].
scaly 
adj ( -ier, -iest) covered with scale or scales; coming off in scales 覆有鳞的; 有鳞屑的; 有水　的; 有牙垢的; 呈鳞片状脱落的: a scaly skin, surface 有鳞屑的皮肤、 表面 * a kettle that's scaly inside 有水　的水壶. scaliness n [U].
scale
/ skeIl; skel/ n  1 [C] (a) series of marks at regular distances for the purpose of measuring (eg on a ruler or thermometer) 标度; 刻度: This ruler has one scale in centimetres and another in inches. 这把尺上有厘米的刻度和英寸的刻度. (b) measuring instrument marked in this way 有刻度的量具.  2 [C] system of units for measuring 量度制; 进位制: the `decimal scale 十进制.  3 [C] system of grading people or things according to how big, important, rich, etc, they are 等级; 级别: a scale of wages, taxation 工资、 税率的等级 * a person who is high on the social scale 社会地位高的人 * The salary scale goes from 8000 to 20000. 薪金级别为8000英镑至20000英镑.  4 [C] relation between the actual size of sth and the map, diagram, etc which represents it 比例; 比率: a scale of ten kilometres to the centimetre, a scale of one to a million 一厘米代表十公里的比例、 一比一百万的比例 * a large-scale map, ie one showing a relatively small area in detail 大比例的地图（较小范围的详图） * Sheet maps use a much larger scale. 单张地图用的比例大得多. * [attrib 作定语] a scale model, drawing, etc 成比例的模型、 图等. =>illus at map 见map插图.  5 [U, C] relative size, extent, etc 规模; 程度; 范围: entertain on a large scale, eg hold expensive parties with many guests 举办大规模的招待会 * The scale of his spending  50000 in a year  amazed us all. 他开销之大--一年50000英镑--把我们都吓了一跳. * We achieve economies of scale in production, ie Producing many items reduces the price of each one. 我们取得了大规模生产的经济效益.  6 [C] (music 音) series of notes arranged at fixed intervals in order of pitch, esp a series of eight starting on a keynote 音阶: the scale of F, ie with F as the keynote F音阶 * practise scales on the piano 练习弹奏钢琴的连续音阶. Cf 参看 octave 1.  7 (idm 习语) to scale in a fixed proportion to the actual size 按比例: draw a map of an area to scale 按比例绘制某地的地图.
scale 
v (phr v) ~ sth down/up reduce/increase sth 缩减[增加]某事物: We are going to scale down the number of trees being felled. 我们要减少砍伐的树的数量. * We've scaled up production to meet demand. 我们已经扩大了生产以满足需求.
scale
/ skeIl; skel/ n  1 [C] either of the two pans on a balance 天平盘.  2 scales [pl v] balance or instrument for weighing 天平; 磅秤: a pair of scales 一台天平 * bathroom scales, ie for weighing oneself 浴室磅秤. =>illus 见插图.  3 (idm 习语)  tip the balance/scale => tip2. tip/turn the scale(s) at sth (infml 口) weigh (a specified amount) 称得重量为（某量）: The jockey turned the scales at 80 lb. 那赛马骑师体重为 80 磅.
scale 
v [In/pr] weigh (a specified amount) 称得重量为（某量）: The boxer scaled 90 kilos. 那拳击手体重为 90 公斤.
scale
/ skeIl; skel/ v [Tn] climb up (a wall, cliff, etc) 攀登, 爬（墙、 悬崖等）.
scalene
/ 5skeIli:n; `ske9lin/ adj (geometry 几) (of a triangle) having no two sides of equal length （指三角形）不等边的, 不规则的.
scallion
/ 5skAlIEn; `skAljEn/ n (US) = spring onion (spring2).
scallop (also scollop) 
/ 5skClEp; `skBlEp/ n  1 (a) shellfish with two fan-shaped shells 扇贝. (b) (also `scallop-shell) one shell of this used as a container in which food is cooked and served 扇贝壳（用以烤制及盛放食物的单扇壳）.  2 any one of a series of scallop-shaped curves cut on the edge of fabric, pastry, etc 扇形饰边.
scallop (also scollop) 
v [Tn]  1 decorate (sth) with scallops (scallop 2) 用扇形饰边装饰（某物）: a scalloped hem 扇形的衣物饰边.  2 cook (eg oysters) in a scallop-shell 在扇贝壳里烤制（如牡蛎）.
scallywag
/ 5skAlIwAg; `skAlI9wA^/ (US scalawag / 5skAlEwAg; `skAlE9wA^/) n (used playfully) person, esp a child, who behaves mischievously （戏谑用语）搞恶作剧的人（尤指儿童）: You naughty little scallywag! 你这个小淘气鬼!
scalp
/ skAlp; skAlp/ n  1 skin of the head excluding the face 头皮（头顶及其周围的皮肤）: dandruff flaking off one's scalp 从头皮上脱落下的头皮屑.  2 this and the hair rooted in it, formerly cut off a dead enemy as a trophy by some N American Indians 带发头皮（旧时北美印第安人取自敌人头颅作为战利品的）: (fig 比喻) be after sb's scalp, ie want to punish, take revenge on sb, etc 想整治某人（惩罚、 报复等）.
scalp 
v [Tn] take the scalp(2) from (an enemy) 剥（敌人）的头皮: (joc 谑) You've just about scalped me! ie cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得真短!
scalpel
/ 5skAlpEl; `skAlpEl/ n small light knife used by surgeons 手术刀; 解剖刀.
scam
/ skAm; skAm/ n (US infml 口) dishonest scheme 骗局; 欺诈: a betting scam 赌博骗局.
scamp
/ skAmp; skAmp/ n (often used playfully) mischievous child （常作戏谑用语）顽皮的孩子: That little scamp Jimmy has hidden my slippers again! 这个调皮的小吉米又把我的拖鞋藏起来了!
scamp
= skimp.
scamper
/ 5skAmpE(r); `skAmpL/ v [Ipr, Ip] run quickly and often playfully as children and some small animals do （儿童及某些小动物）奔跑, 蹦蹦跳跳: scamper up the steps 蹦跳著上台阶 * The rabbit scampered away in fright. 兔子惊慌地跑了. =>Usage at scurry 用法见 scurry.
scamper 
n [sing] scampering movement; act of scampering 奔跑; 蹦蹦跳跳: a little scamper round the garden 在花园里绕著圈蹦蹦跳跳奔跑一阵.
scampi
/ 5skAmpI; `skAmpI/ n  1 [pl] large prawns 大虾.  2 [U] dish of these as food, usu fried in breadcrumbs 烹调的大虾（通常为裹面包屑炸的）: have some scampi 吃些炸大虾.
scan
/ skAn; skAn/ v (-nn-)  1 Tn] look at every part of (sth) carefully; examine (sth) with great attention 细看（某物）的各部; 仔细检查（某物）: He scanned the horizon, looking for land. 他细看天水相连的地方, 寻找陆地.  2 [Tn] (a) (of a searchlight, etc) pass across (an area) （指探照灯等）扫掠（某处）: The flashlight's beam scanned every corner of the room. 手电筒的光束扫遍屋内各个角落. (b) (medical 医) obtain an image of (a body or part of the body) with a scanner 用扫描器扫描（身体或身体的部位）.  3 [Tn] glance at (eg a document) quickly but not very thoroughly 匆匆而粗略地看（如文件）: She scanned the newspaper over breakfast. 她吃著早饭把报纸大略看了一遍.  4 (a) [Tn] analyse the metre of (a line of verse) by noting how it is stressed and how many syllables it has, as in `Mary / 5had a/`little/`lamb 划分（诗句）的音步（如`Mary/`had a/`little/`lamb.） (b) [I] (of verse) have a proper metrical pattern （指诗句）符合韵律: a line that does not scan 一行不合韵律的诗句 * The verses scan well. 这些诗句韵律严谨.  5 [Tn] (in television, etc) pass an electronic beam over (sth), esp so as to produce a picture on a screen （电视等）扫描.
scan 
n act of scanning (scan  2b) 扫描: a `body scan, ie done by a scanner 全身扫描 * a `brain scan 脑扫描.
scanner 
n machine for scanning (scan 2b), esp one used by doctors, which uses a computer to give a picture of the inside of the body from a series of X-rays or other techniques 扫描器（尤指医疗用的）.
scansion 
/ 5skAnFn; `skAnFEn/ n [U] scanning of verse; way in which verse scans 韵律分析; 韵律法.
scandal
/ 5skAndl; `skAndl/ n  1 (a) [C, U] (act, behaviour, etc that causes) public feelings of outrage or indignation 民愤; 公愤; 引起公愤的举动: cause (a) scandal 激起民愤 * A series of corruption scandals led to the fall of the government. 一系列贪污腐化事件激起民愤导致政府垮台. * Her theft from the shop caused (a) scandal in the village. 她因偷商店的东西引起全村的义愤. (b) [sing] action, attitude, etc that is disgraceful or shameful 丑行; 丑事; 丑闻: It is a scandal that the defendant was declared innocent. 宣判被告无罪, 这真是可耻的事. * The council's failure to act is a scandal. 市议会未能采取行动是一件丑闻.  2 [U] talk about the bad things people are thought to have done; gossip 流言蜚语; 闲话: spread scandal 散布流言蜚语 * Most of us enjoy a bit of scandal. 我们大多愿意知道一点别人的坏事. * Have you heard the latest scandal? 你听到最近这段闲话了吗?
scandalize, scandalise 
/ 5skAndElaIz; `skAndl9aIz/ v [Tn] shock (sb) by sth immoral or outrageous 使（某人）愤慨或震惊: scandalize the neighbours by sunbathing naked on the lawn 在草坪上作裸体日光浴教邻居触目惊心.
scandalous 
/ 5skAndElEs; `skAndlEs/ adj  1 disgraceful; shocking 丢脸的; 令人震惊的: scandalous behaviour, talk, books 令人愤慨的举止、 谈话、 书.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of reports or rumours) containing scandal(1a) （指报道或谣传）含有引起公愤内容的. 
scandalously 
adv.
scandalmonger 
/ -mQNgE(r); -9mQN^L/ n (derog 贬) person who spreads scandal(2) 传闲话的人. 
scandalmongering 
/ -mQNgErIN; -9mQN^ErIN/ n [U].
Scandinavian
/ 9skAndI5neIvIEn; 9skAndE`nevIEn/ n, adj (native) of Scandinavia (ie Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland) 斯堪的纳维亚的（人）（即丹麦、 挪威、 瑞典、 冰岛的）.
scansion
=> scan.
scant
/ skAnt; skAnt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) hardly enough; not very much (used esp with the ns shown) 不足的, 缺少的（尤与下列示例中的名词连用）: pay scant attention to sb's advice 不甚重视某人的劝告 * with scant regard for my feelings 不大理会我的感情.
scanty 
adj (-ier, -iest) small in size or amount; hardly large enough （大小或数量）不足的, 勉强够大的: a scanty supply of soap 肥皂供应不足 * a scanty bikini 勉强穿得下的比基尼泳装. 
scantily 
adv: scantily dressed 穿得单薄. 
scantiness 
n [U].
-scape
suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) (picture of a) view of 景色（的画）: landscape * seascape.
scapegoat
/ 5skeIpgEUt; `skep9^ot/ n (also esp US fall guy) person who is blamed or punished for the wrongdoing of sb else 替罪羊: I was made the scapegoat, but it was the others who started the fire. 是别人放的火, 让我背了黑锅.
scapula
/ 5skApjUlE; `skApjElE/ n (anatomy 解) shoulder-blade 肩胛骨. =>illus at skeleton 见 skeleton 插图.
scar
/ skB:(r); skBr/ n  1 mark left on the skin by a wound, sore, etc 伤痕; 疤: Will the cut leave a scar? 这伤口能留下疤痕吗? * (fig 比喻) scars on the cupboard from burning cigarettes 香烟在柜橱上烧的痕迹.  2 feelings of great sadness, guilt, etc after an unpleasant experience （精神上的）创伤: Her years in prison left a scar. 她在狱中的岁月留下了精神创伤.
scar 
v (-rr-)  1 [Tn] leave a scar or scars on (sb) 给（某人）留下伤痕: a face scarred by smallpox 出过天花的脸 * (fig 比喻) scarred by the death of his daughter 他因女儿死亡精神受创.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (over) heal by forming a scar; form a scar or scars 痊愈（留下疤痕）; 结疤: Will the cut scar? 伤口能结疤吗? * The wound gradually scarred over. 伤口逐渐痊愈结了疤.
scarab
/ 5skArEb; `skArEb/ n  1 type of beetle regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt 圣甲虫（古埃及人奉为神圣的甲虫）.  2 carving of a scarab, worn as an ornament or a charm 甲虫形雕饰（作饰物或护符佩带）.
scarce
/ skeEs; skZrs/ adj  1 not easily obtained and much less than is needed 难获得而不足的: scarce resources, supplies, etc 资源、 供应等不足 * It was wartime and food was scarce. 那时是战争时期, 食物短缺. Cf 参看 plentiful.  2 [pred 作表语] not often found; rare 稀有; 罕见: This book is now scarce. 这书现在很难得. => Usage at rare1 用法见rare1.  3 (idm 习语) make oneself `scarce (infml 口) go away; avoid others 走开; 溜走; 不露面: He's in a bad mood, so I'll make myself scarce. 他情绪不好, 我得躲著点.
scarcity 
/ 5skeEsEtI; `skZrsEtI/ n [C, U] (instance of) shortage 不足; 缺乏: frequent scarcities of raw materials 原料经常供不应求 * The scarcity of food forced prices up. 食物短缺促使价格上涨.
scarcely
/ 5skeEslI; `skZrslI/ adv  1 only just; hardly 仅仅; 几乎不: There were scarcely a hundred people present. 出席的不足一百人. * I scarcely know him. 我不大认识他. * Scarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang. 她一进屋电话就响了.  2 surely not 决不: You can scarcely expect me to believe that. 别以为我能相信那件事. =>Usage at almost 用法见 almost.
scare
/ 5skeE(r); skZr/ v  1 (a) (also infml 口语作 scarify)[Tn] frighten (sb) 恐吓（某人）: That noise scared me. 那响声把我吓坏了. (b) [I] (used esp with an adv 尤与副词连用) become frightened 受惊吓; 感到害怕: He scares easily. 他动不动就害怕.  2 (idm 习语) frighten/scare the daylights out of sb => daylights. frighten/scare sb to death/out of his wits => frighten. scare sb `stiff (infml 口) make sb very nervous; alarm sb 使某人精神紧张; 惊吓某人: The thought of my exams next week scares me stiff. 我一想到下星期要考试就很紧张. * He's scared stiff of women. 他一见女的就发慌.  3 (phr v) scare sb away/off make sb leave, stay away, etc by frightening or alarming him 将某人吓跑: light a fire to scare off the wolves 点起火来把狼吓跑 * He scares people away by being so brash. 他狂妄自大把别人都吓跑了. scare sb into/out of sth/doing sth make sb do/not do sth by frightening him 吓得某人做[不敢做]某事: They scared him into handing over the keys. 他们把他吓得交出了钥匙. * We'll scare her out of telling the police. 我们要把她吓得不敢报警.
scare 
n sudden fright; alarm caused by a rumour, etc 惊恐; 恐慌: You did give me a scare, creeping up on me like that! 你那样悄悄地过来, 真把我吓了一大跳! * The explosion at the chemical factory caused a major pollution scare. 化工厂发生爆炸引起了害怕污染的巨大恐慌. * [attrib 作定语] a scare story, eg a newspaper report that spreads panic 引起恐慌的报道.
scared 
adj ~ (of sb/sth); (of doing sth/to do sth) frightened 惊恐的; 恐惧的: I'm scared (of ghosts). 我害怕（鬼）. * scared of being attacked, to go out alone 害怕受到攻击、 独自外出 * a very scared man 吓怕了的人.
scary 
/ 5skeErI; `skZrI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) causing fear or alarm 引起恐慌的: a scary ghost story 吓人的鬼故事.
scarecrow 
n figure resembling a person that is dressed in old clothes and set up in a field to frighten away birds 稻草人.
scaremonger 
/ -mQNgE(r); -9mQN^L/ n (derog 贬) person who frightens people by spreading alarming news, rumours, etc 散布引起恐慌的消息、 谣言等的人.
scarf
/ skB:f; skBrf/ n (pl scarfs / skB:fs; skBrfs/ or scarves / skB:vz; skBrvz/) piece of material worn for ornament or warmth round the neck or (by women) over the shoulders or hair 围巾; 头巾; 披肩.
scarify
/ 5skArIfaI; `skArE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]  1 loosen the surface of (soil, etc) by using a tool or machine with prongs 翻松（土地等）.  2 (medical 医) (in surgery) make small cuts in (skin, etc); cut off skin from (a part of the body) （外科）在（皮肤等）上做小切口或划痕, 割去（身体部位）的皮肤.
scarify
/ 5skeErIfaI; `skZrE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (infml 口) = scare  1a.
scarlet
/ 5skB:lEt; `skBrlEt/ adj, n [U] bright red 猩红的; 鲜红的: dressed all in scarlet 穿著一身鲜红的衣服 * She blushed scarlet when I swore. 她听到我骂街, 羞得脸通红.
scarlet fever 
infectious disease causing scarlet marks on the skin 猩红热.
scarlet runner 
bean plant with scarlet flowers 红花菜豆.
scarlet woman 
(dated derog or joc 旧, 贬或谑) immoral woman; prostitute 荡妇; 妓女.
scarp
/ skB:p; skBrp/ n steep slope; escarpment 陡坡; 悬崖.
scarper
/ 5skB:pE(r); `skBrpL/ v [I] (Brit sl 俚) run away; leave 逃跑; 溜走: Scarper! The cops are coming! 快跑! 警察来了!
scary
=> scare .
scat
/ skAt; skAt/ v (-tt-) [I] (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) (infml 口) go away; leave 走开: I don't want you here, so scat! 我这里用不著你, 走开!
scathing
/ 5skeITIN; `skeTIN/ adj  1 (of criticism, ridicule, etc) severe; harsh （指批评、 嘲笑等）严厉的, 刻薄的: a scathing remark, rebuke, etc 严厉的言语、 指责等 * a scathing review of a new book 对一本新书的尖锐评论.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (about sb/sth) very critical (of sb/sth); scornful （对某人[某事物]）非常挑剔, 嘲笑: The report was scathing about the lack of safety precautions. 该报道对缺乏安全预防措施一事严加指责.
scatology
/ skA5tClEdVI; skA`tBlEdVI/ n [U] (derog 贬) excessive interest in excrement or obscenity 过分对粪便或淫秽言行感兴趣. 
scatological 
/ 9skA5tE5lCdVIkl;9skAtE`lBdVIkEl/ adj: scatological conversation, humour 有淫秽言语的谈话、 幽默.
scatter
/ 5skAtE(r); `skAtL/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause people or animals to) move, usu quickly, in different directions （使人或动物）散开: The crowd scattered. 人群散开了. * The police scattered the crowd. 警察驱散了人群.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth) in different directions; put here and there 撒（某物）; 散布: scatter seed (over the ground) 播种 * scatter grit on the road 把沙砾撒在路面上 * We scattered plates of food around the room before the party. 我们在聚会前把一盘盘食物摆放在屋中各处. * (fig 比喻) Don't scatter your money around. 别到处挥霍. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth cover (a surface, etc) with sth by throwing it in different directions 将某物撒在（某物表面）上: scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上.
scatter (also scattering) 
/ 5skAtErIN; `skAtErIN/ n [sing] amount or number of things scattered; sprinkling 散布之物的数量; 少量: a scatter of hailstones 稀疏的冰雹.
scattered 
adj lying far apart; not close together 分散的; 稀疏的: a few scattered settlements 几处分散的居民点 * a thinly scattered population 散布得很稀疏的居民 * sunshine with scattered showers 晴朗, 间有零星阵雨.
scatter-brain 
n (infml 口) person who cannot concentrate on one thing for very long, is forgetful, etc 精神不集中的人; 健忘的人. 
scatter-brained 
adj.
scatter
NOTE ON USAGE : When we scatter something we throw it in different directions. *scatter指将某物向四面八方扔去. We can also scatter an area (the ground, a field, etc) with something 这个词也可指将某物撒在一处（地上、 田里等）: scatter seeds on the fields/scatter the fields with seeds 在田里播种[把种子撒在田地里]. Scatter over/about suggests that the throwing is done carelessly and causes a mess *scatter over/about指随便扔, 弄得乱七八糟: Who's scattered my papers all over the floor? 谁把我的文件扔得满地都是? * We came home to find our belongings scattered about the room. 我们回到家里看到东西扔得满屋都是. Strew is most commonly used in the past participle form strewn. *strew多见於其过去分词形式strewn. *It can suggest both intentional and careless throwing 这一动作既可为有意识的, 也可为随随便便的: The streets were strewn with flowers for the royal visit. 街道布满了花朵以迎接王室成员莅临. * There was litter strewn all over the pavement. 人行道上到处都是扔的垃圾. Sprinkle is used with water, sand, salt, etc and indicates intentional scattering, usually over a small area *sprinkle用以指洒水、 撒沙子、 撒盐等, 且指有意识地散布在通常为一小块范围内: Sprinkle a little salt on the rice. 在米饭上撒点盐. * The priest sprinkled holy water on the baby's forehead. 神父把圣水洒在婴儿的额头上. * The grass was sprinkled with dew. 草上沾满了露珠.
scatty
/ 5skAtI; `skAtI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) 1 mad; crazy 发疯的; 疯狂的: The noise would drive anyone scatty. 那噪音简直能把人逼疯.  2 scatter-brained; absent-minded 精神不集中的; 心不在焉的: Your scatty son has forgotten his key again. 你那儿子丢三落四又把钥匙给忘了. 
scattily 
adv. 
scattiness 
n [U].
scavenge
/ 5skAvIndV; `skAvIndV/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (of an animal or a bird) search for decaying flesh as food; use decaying flesh for food （指兽或鸟）觅食腐肉, 以腐肉为食: a crow scavenging for carrion 寻找腐肉吃的乌鸦.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth (of a person) search through waste for items that one can use （指人）在垃圾堆里寻找有用之物: tramps scavenging through dustbins 在垃圾堆里找东西的流浪汉 * a tramp scavenging in dustbins for food 在垃圾箱里寻找食物的流浪汉 * You can often scavenge nice bits of old furniture from skips. 从废物堆里往往能捡到一些挺好的旧家具.
scavenger 
n animal, bird or person that scavenges 食腐肉的兽或鸟; 捡破烂的人.
SCE
/ 9es si: 5i:; 9Zs si `i/ abbr 缩写 = Scottish Certificate of Education 苏格兰教育证书.
scenario
/ sI5nB:rIEU; ?@ -5nAr-; sI`nArI9o/ n (pl ~s)   1 written outline of a film, play, etc with details of the scenes and plot （电影、 戏剧等的）脚本、 剧情概要等.  2 imagined sequence of future events 想像中的未来事情的顺序: a possible scenario for war 战争中可能出现的情况.
scenarist 
/ sI5nB:rIst; ?@ -5nAr-; sI`nArIst/ n writer of scenarios 电影、 戏剧等的脚本的作者.
scene
/ si:n; sin/ n  1 place of an actual or imagined event （实际或想像中的）事发地点: the scene of the accident, crime, etc 事故、 犯罪等的现场 * The scene of the novel is set in Scotland. 小说中的事是在苏格兰发生的.  2 situation or incident in real life （现实生活中的）情景, 事件: the horrific scenes after the earthquake 地震後的惨状 * There were hilarious scenes when the pig ran into the shop. 猪闯进商店以後, 滑稽情景令人啼笑皆非.  3 (incident where there is an) outburst of emotion or anger 吵闹; 发脾气: make a scene 大吵大闹 * There was quite a scene when she refused to pay. 她拒不付款引起了一场争吵. * We had a big scene when I fired him. 我解雇他时, 我们大吵起来.  4 (a) sequence of continuous action in a play, film, etc （戏剧或电影中的）片段, 场面: The scene in the hospital was very moving. 在医院的那一场面十分感人. (b) (abbr 缩写 sc) part of an act in a play or opera; episode within such a part （戏剧或歌剧的）场, （一场中的）一段情节: Act 1, Scene 2 of `Macbeth' 《麦克佩斯》第一幕第二场 * the duel scene in `Hamlet' 《哈姆雷特》中决斗的一场.  5 place represented on the stage of a theatre; the painted background, woodwork, etc representing such a place; scenery （舞台上的）场景, 布景: The first scene of the play is the king's palace. 剧中的第一个场景是王宫. * The scenes are changed during the interval. 剧间休息时更换布景.  6 view as seen by a spectator 景色; 景象; 景致: a delightful rural scene 赏心悦目的乡村景色 * The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 港湾中的船只构成了美丽的景象. * They went abroad for a change of scene, ie to see and experience new surroundings. 他们出国换换环境.  7 the scene [sing] (modified by a n 受名词修饰) (infml 口) the current situation in a particular area of activity or way of life 某一活动范围或生活方式的现状: the `drug scene 吸毒问题的现状 * the `gay scene 同性恋活动的情况 * a newcomer on the `fashion scene 时装界的新人 * the entertainment scene in the West End of London 伦敦西区的娱乐场所.  8 (idm 习语) behind the `scenes (a) out of sight of the audience; behind the stage 在後台; 在幕後. (b) in secret; without being known to the public 秘密的; 暗中: political deals done behind the scenes 秘密的政治交易. come on the `scene arrive 到场: By the time I came on the scene, it was all over. 我来到时, 一切都结束了. not one's scene (infml 口) not sth one knows about, is interested in, etc 非某人所熟悉的事物; 非某人兴趣之所在: I'm not going to the disco: it's just not my scene. 我不想去跳迪斯科舞, 我完全不感兴趣. on the `scene present 在场: Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident. 那事故发生後不久记者就都赶到了现场. set the `scene (for sth) (a) describe a place or a situation in which sth is about to happen 作事前的现场或情况描述: Radio reporters were in the church to set the scene. 电台记者在教堂里作事前的现场介绍. (b) prepare for sth; help to cause sth 为某事物作准备; 促使: His arrival set the scene for another argument. 他一来就要另有一场争论了. steal the scene/show => steal.
scene-shifter 
n person who changes the scenery in a theatre （剧场中）更换布景的人.
scenery
/ 5si:nErI; `sinErI/ n [U]  1 general natural features of an area, eg mountains, valleys, rivers, forests 景色; 风景; 风光: mountain scenery 山景 * stop to admire the scenery 停下来欣赏风景.  2 furniture, woodwork, canvas, etc used on a theatre stage to represent the place of action 舞台布景. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.
scenic
/ 5si:nIk; `sinIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 having or showing beautiful natural scenery 风景优美的: the scenic splendours of the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉的壮丽景色 * a scenic route across the Alps 穿越阿尔卑斯山的风景优美的路径 * a scenic railway 游览小铁路.  2 of stage scenery 舞台布景的. 
scenically
/-klI; -klI/ adv.
scent
/ sent; sZnt/ n  1 (a) [U] characteristic smell of sth, esp a pleasant one （某物特有的）气味; （尤指）香味: the scent of new-mown hay 新刈青草的气味 * Modern roses have no scent. 现在的玫瑰不香. (b) [C] particular type of smell 某种气味: scents of lavender and rosemary 薰衣草和迷迭香的气味.  2 [U] (esp Brit) sweet-smelling (usu liquid) substance obtained from flowers, plants, etc; perfume 香精（通常为液体）; 香水: a bottle of scent 一瓶香精 * put some scent on before going out 先搽点香水再出门 * [attrib 作定语] a `scent bottle 香水瓶.  3 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] smell left behind by an animal, that allows dogs, etc to track it （动物的）臭迹, 遗臭: follow, lose, recover the scent 追踪、 失去、 重新发现臭迹 * a strong/hot scent, ie one that is easy for dogs to follow 强烈的[新留下的]臭迹 * a poor/cold scent, ie one that is difficult for dogs to follow 微弱的[时间久的]臭迹 * a false (ie misleading) scent 并非所追踪的臭迹. (b) [U] sense of smell, esp in dogs 嗅觉（尤指狗的）: hunt by scent 藉嗅觉追猎.  4 [sing] ~ of sth feeling of the presence of sth 察觉出某事物: a scent of danger, fear, trouble 察觉出有危险、 恐惧感、 麻烦事.  5 (idm 习语) on the scent (of sb/sth) likely to find sb/sth soon循某人[某事物]的线索: The police are now on the scent of the culprit. 警方已获得罪犯的线索. put/throw sb off the `scent mislead sb, esp by giving him false information 使某人失去线索（尤指为其提供错误信息）: The false alibi threw the police off the scent. 那个不在犯罪现场的伪证使警方失去了线索.
scent 
v  1 [Tn] (a) discover (sth) by the sense of smell 嗅出（某物）的存在; 闻到（某物）: The dog scented a rat. 那狗嗅出有老鼠的气味. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to suspect the presence or existence of (sth) 怀疑有（某事物）; 觉察出: scent a crime 察觉出有犯罪的事 * scent treachery, trouble, etc 怀疑有背叛行为、 麻烦事等.  2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) give sth a certain scent 使某物有香味: scented notepaper, soap 有香味的信纸、 肥皂 * a handkerchief scented with lavender 用薰衣草薰香的手帕 * roses that scent the air 香味四溢的玫瑰.
scepter
(US) = sceptre.
sceptic (US skeptic) 
/ 5skeptIk; `skZptIk/ n  1 person who doubts that a claim, statement, etc is true 持怀疑态度的人: The government must still convince the sceptics that its policy will work. 政府仍须使持怀疑态度的人相信其政策可行.  2 person who does not think religious teachings are true 怀疑宗教教义的人.
sceptical (US skeptical) 
/ -kl; -kl/ adj ~ (of/about sth) unwilling to believe sth; often doubting that claims, statements, etc are true （对某事物）不肯相信的, 常怀疑的: I'm rather sceptical about their professed sympathy for the poor. 他们声称同情穷人, 我对此有些怀疑. 
sceptically (US skeptically) 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv. 
scepticism (US skepticism) 
/ 5skeptIsIzEm; `skZptE9sIzEm/ n [U] sceptical attitude 怀疑态度; 怀疑主义: her healthy scepticism towards authority 她对权威所持的善意的怀疑态度 * reports treated with scepticism 受到怀疑的报道.
sceptre (US scepter) 
/ 5septE(r); `sZptL/ n staff or rod carried by a ruler as a sign of royal power, eg at a coronation ceremony 王节, 权杖（象徵王权的标志, 如用於加冕仪式中）.
sch
abbr 缩写 = school.
schedule
/ 5Fedju:l; ?@ 5skedVUl; `skZdVJl/ n   1 [C, U] (a) programme of work to be done or of planned events 进度表; 预定计画表: a factory production schedule 工厂生产进度表 * have a full schedule, ie have many things to do 预定计画表排得很满 * a project that is ahead of/on/behind schedule 提前[按期/未按期]完成的计画 * Everything is going according to schedule. 一切都在按预定计画进行. (b) = timetable (time1): The fog disrupted airline schedules. 这场大雾扰乱了航空公司的时刻表.  2 list of items, etc 清单; 明细表; 一览表: a spare parts schedule 零件一览表 * The attached schedule gives details of the shipment. 装运货物的细目见所附清单.
schedule 
v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for sth) include sth in a schedule; arrange sth for a certain time 将某事列入进度表; 为某事安排时间: One of the scheduled events is a talk on flower arranging. 安排的活动中有一项是插花艺术讲座. * The sale is scheduled for tomorrow. 大减价定於明日举行. * She is scheduled to give a speech tonight. 她定於今晚演讲. * a scheduled flight, service, etc, ie one that an airline, etc organizes and carries out regularly 定期航班、 服务等.
schema
/ 5ski:mE; `skimE/ n (pl schemata / -mEtE; -mEtE/) (fml 文) diagram or representation of sth 图表; 图解; 纲要; 概要.
schematic
/ ski:5mAtIk; ski`mAtIk/ adj in the form of a diagram or chart 图表的; 图解的: a schematic representation of the structure of the organization 该组织结构的示意图. 
schematically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
scheme
/ ski:m; skim/ n   1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) plan for doing or organizing sth 计画; 方案: a scheme for manufacturing paper from straw 用麦秆造纸的计画 * an imaginative scheme to raise money 富创意的筹款方案 * a pension scheme 养老金方案. (b) secret or devious plan 阴谋; 诡计: a scheme for not paying tax 逃税的诡计.  2 ordered system; arrangement 组合; 配合: a `colour scheme, eg for a room, so that the colours in its decor match 色彩的调配.  3 (idm 习语) the `scheme of things the way things are or are planned 事物的规律; 安排: In the scheme of things it is hard for small businesses to succeed. 一般来说, 小本生意较难做.
scheme 
v  1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sth/against sb) make (esp secret or devious) plans 策画; 图谋: rebels scheming for the overthrow of the leadership 图谋推翻领导的叛乱者 * They are scheming to get her elected as leader. 他们正策画让她当选领导.  2 [Tn] plan (sth) in a devious way 策画（某事）: Her enemies are scheming her downfall. 她的对头正在策画把她搞垮. schemer n person who schemes in a devious way 策画阴谋诡计的人. scheming adj often making devious schemes 常搞阴谋诡计的: scheming rivals 诡计多端的竞争对手.
scherzo
/ 5skeEtsEU; `skZrtso/ n (pl ~s) lively vigorous piece of music; such a passage in a larger work 诙谐曲.
schism
/ 5sIzEm; `sIzEm/ n [U, C] strong disagreement, esp in a religious organization over doctrine, in which one group stops recognizing the authority of the other 分歧; （尤指）教会分裂.
schismatic 
/ sIz5mAtIk; sIz`mAtIk/ adj of or causing schism 分歧的, 造成分裂的（尤指教会）.  n person who takes part in a schism 搞分裂的人; 分裂教会的人.
schist
/ FIst; FIst/ n [U] (geology 地质) any of various types of rock which split easily into thin plates 页岩; 片岩.
schizo
/ 5skItsEU; `skItso/ n (pl ~s) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) = schizophrenic (schizophrenia) n.
schizoid
/ 5skItsRId; `skItsRId/ adj resembling or suffering from schizophrenia 类精神分裂症的; 精神分裂样的.
schizoid 
n schizoid person 有分裂性人格的人.
schizophrenia
/ 9skItsEU5fri:nIE; 9skItsE`frinIE/ n [U] (medical 医) mental illness that causes the sufferer to act irrationally, have delusions, withdraw from social relationships, etc 精神分裂症.
schizophrenic 
/ 9skItsEU5frenIk; 9skItsE`frZnIk/ adj  1 of or suffering from schizophrenia 精神分裂症的; 患精神分裂症的.  2 (infml 口) behaving in an odd way, esp when circumstances keep changing 行为古怪的（尤指於环境不断变化时）: Living half the time in Oxford and half in Paris makes me feel quite schizophrenic. 我有一半时间住在牛津, 一半时间住在巴黎, 弄得我晕头转向.  n (also infml often derog schizo 口语作schizo, 常作贬义) person suffering from schizophrenia or behaving in a schizophrenic way 精神分裂症患者; 行为古怪的人. 
schizophrenically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
schmaltz (also schmalz) 
/ FmR:lts; FmRlts/ n [U] (infml 口) excessive sentimentality, esp in literature or music 过分感伤（尤指文学或音乐作品）. 
schmaltzy (also schmalzy) 
adj (-ier, -iest).
schnapps
/ FnAps; FnAps/ n [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from grain （谷物酿制的）烈酒.
schnitzel
/ 5FnItsl; `FnItsl/ n [C, U] (US) veal cutlet covered with breadcrumbs and fried in butter 炸小牛肉片（裹面包屑於黄油中炸成）.
scholar
/ 5skClE(r); `skBlL/ n  1 student who has been awarded money after a competitive exam, etc, to be used to finance his education 获奖学金的学生: a British Council scholar 获英国文化协会奖学金的学生.  2 person who studies an academic subject deeply 学者: a Greek, classical, history scholar 研究希腊问题的、 研究古典著作的、 研究历史的学者.
scholarly 
adj  1 showing the learning, care and attention typical of a scholar 有学者风度的; 博学的; 好学的: be more scholarly in one's approach to a problem 在处理问题上更有学者风度 * a scholarly young woman 好学的女青年.  2 involving or connected with academic study 学术性的: a scholarly journal 学术刊物 * scholarly pursuits 学术研究.
scholarship
/ 5skClEFIp; `skBlL9FIp/ n  1 [C] (award of a) grant of money to a scholar(1) 奖学金; 获得奖学金的资格: win a scholarship to the university 获得该大学的奖学金.  2 [U] great learning; care and attention in carrying out scholarly work 学问; 学识; 学术成就: a teacher of great scholarship 很有学问的教师 * The book shows meticulous scholarship. 这本书的写作态度很慎重.
scholastic
/ skE5lAstIk; skE`lAstIk/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of schools and education 学校的;教育的; 学业的: my scholastic achievements, eg examination passes, prizes 我的学习成绩.  2 of scholasticism 经院哲学的; 烦琐哲学的. 
scholasticism 
/ skE5lAstIsIzEm; skE`lAstE9sIzEm/ n [U] system of philosophy taught in the universities in the Middle Ages, based in theological dogma （中世纪的）经院哲学, 烦琐哲学.
school
/ sku:l; skul/ n  1 [C] (a) institution for educating children 学校: `primary and `secondary schools 小学和中学 * `Sunday schools 主日学校 * attend a good school 上一所好学校 * the use of computers in schools 学校中计算机的使用 * [attrib 作定语] a school bus, building, report 校车、 校舍、 学生成绩报告单. (b) institution for teaching a particular subject 专科学校: `art school 艺术学校 * secre`tarial school 秘书专科学校.  2 [C] (US) college or university 学院; 大学: famous schools like Yale and Harvard 像耶鲁、 哈佛这样的著名大学.  3 [U] (used without the 不与冠词the连用) (a) process of being educated in a school1(1a) 上学: I hate school! 我讨厌上学! * two more years of school 再上两年学 * old enough for/to go to school 到了上学年龄 * the school-`leaving age, ie the age until which children must attend school 中学毕业的年龄 * Are you still at school? 你还在上学吗? * He left school when he was sixteen. 他十六岁时中学毕业了. (b) time when teaching is done in a school; lessons 上课时间; 上课: meet friends before school 上课前会见朋友 * School begins at 9 am. 上午9点钟上课. * There will be no school (ie no lessons) tomorrow. 明天不上课. * Will you come for a walk after school? 放学後你愿意来散散步吗? =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 the school [sing] all the pupils or all the pupils and teachers in a school 全校学生; 全校师生: The head teacher told the school at assembly. 校长在全校学生大会上讲话. * Soon, the whole school knew about her win. 不久, 全校师生都知道她获胜了.  5 [C] department of a university concerned with a particular branch of study 大学的院、 系: the `law, `medical, `history school 法学院、 医学院、 历史系 * the School of `Dentistry 牙医学系.  6 [C] course, usu for adults, on a particular subject 专门学科课程（通常指为成人设的）: a `summer school for music lovers 音乐爱好者暑期班.  7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) experience or activity that provides discipline or instruction 锻炼; 磨炼: the hard school of adversity 逆境的磨炼.  8 [C] group of writers, thinkers, etc sharing the same principles or methods, or of artists having a similar style 学派; 流派: the Dutch, Venetian, etc school of painting 荷兰、 威尼斯等绘画流派 * the Hegelian school, ie of philosophers influenced by Hegel 黑格尔学派.  9 [C] group of card-players, gamblers, etc 一伙玩纸牌的人、 赌徒等: a `poker school 一伙打扑克的人.  10 (idm 习语) one of the old school => old.  a school of `thought group of people with similar views 有类似观点的一批人; 学派: I don't belong to the school of thought that favours radical change. 我不属於激进派. teach school => teach.
school 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (in sth) train, discipline or control sb/oneself/an animal 训练、 磨练或控制某人[自己/动物]: school a horse 训练马 * school oneself in patience/to be patient 培养自己的忍耐力 * a child who is well-schooled in good manners 有教养懂礼貌的孩子. schooling n [U] education 教育: He had very little schooling. 他没受过什麽教育. * Who's paying for her schooling? 谁在供她读书?
school age 
age between starting and finishing school 学龄: a child of school age 学龄儿童.
schoolboy 
n boy at school （中小学的）男生: [attrib 作定语] a schoolboy joke, prank, etc （中小学）男生的玩笑、 恶作剧等.
school-days 
n [pl] time when sb is at school 学生时代.
schoolfellow (also `schoolmate) 
n member of the same school, either now or in the past 同学; 校友.
schoolgirl 
n girl at school （中小学的）女生.
schoolhouse 
n building of a school, esp a small one in a village 校舍（尤指乡村的小校舍）.
school-leaver 
n person who has recently left school 中学毕业生.
schoolman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men) teacher in a university in the Middle Ages, esp one teaching scholastic philosophy （中世纪大学里的）教师（尤指教经院哲学的）.
school-marm 
/ 5sku:lmB:m; `skul9mBrm/ n (infml 口)  1 (esp US) schoolmistress （中小学的）女教师.  2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) woman who is domineering, prim or easily shocked 专横、 古板或大惊小怪的女子.
schoolmaster 
n (fem 阴性作 `schoolmistress) teacher in a school (in Britain, esp one in a private school) （中小学）教师（在英国, 尤指私立学校教师）.
schoolmate 
n = schoolfellow.
schoolteacher 
n teacher in a school （中小学）教师.
school
NOTE ON USAGE : When a school, hospital, etc is being referred to as an institution, we do not use the definite article after a preposition 当school、 hospital等词指机构时, 在介词後不加定冠词: She went to school/university/college in York. 她在约克上学. * He's coming out of hospital on Friday. 他星期五要出院了. * She's been sent to prison for a year. 她入狱已经一年了. When we are talking about the place as a building, the definite article is used 这类词若用以指建筑物所在地, 前面就要加定冠词: We went to the school to discuss our daughter's progress. 我们去学校谈谈女儿的进步情况. * I saw her coming out of the hospital/the church. 我看见她从医院[教堂]出来.
school
/ sku:l; skul/ n large number of fish, whales, etc swimming together; shoal （鱼、 鲸等的）群.
schooner
/ 5sku:nE(r); `skunL/ n  1 type of sailing-ship with two or more masts and sails set lengthways rather than from side to side 斯库纳纵帆船（两桅或多桅的纵帆船）.  2 (a) (Brit) tall glass for sherry （盛雪利酒的）大玻璃杯. (b) (US) tall glass for beer （盛啤酒的）大玻璃杯.
schwa
/ FwB:; FwB/ n (phonetics 语音)  1 sound occurring in unstressed syllables and diphthongs in English, eg the `a' in `about' 非重读央元音, 混元音（英语里出现在非重读音节和复合元音中的中性元音, 如 about 中的 a）.  2 phonetic symbol for this, / E; E/  国际音标中的 / E/.
sci-fi
/ 5saIfaI; `saI`faI/ n [U] (infml 口) = science fiction (science).
sciatic
/ saI5AtIk; saI`AtIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (anatomy 解) of the hip or of the sciatic nerve, which goes from the pelvis to the thigh 臀部的; 坐骨神经的.
sciatica 
/ saI5AtIkE; saI`AtIkE/ n [U] pain in or near the sciatic nerve 坐骨神经痛.
science
/ 5saIEns; `saIEns/ n  1 (a) [U] organized knowledge, esp when obtained by observation and testing of facts, about the physical world, natural laws and society; study leading to such knowledge 科学; 科学研究: an interest in science 对科学的爱好 * a man of science 科学家 * Science is an exact discipline. 研究科学可以锻炼人思维严谨. (b) [C, U] branch of such knowledge 某一门科学; 学科: the natural sciences, eg biology and geology 自然科学（如生物学和地质学） * the physical sciences, eg physics, chemistry 自然科学（如物理学、 化学） * the study of social science 对社会科学的研究. (c) [U] these sciences taken as a whole 自然科学（统称）; 理科: I prefer science to the humanities. 我喜爱自然科学, 不喜欢人文科学. * more funding for science in the universities, ie for the work of those studying it 为大学的理科多提供些经费 * [attrib 作定语] a science teacher, textbook, subject 理科教师、 教科书、 科目. Cf 参看 art1 3.  2 (a) [U] skill of an expert 专门技术或技巧: In this game, you need more science than strength. 在这项比赛中, 技巧比力气更重要. (b) [sing] activity needing this 需运用技巧的活动: Getting these children to do what you want is a science, I can tell you! 我敢说, 要做到让这些孩子百依百顺那可是一门艺术!  3 (idm 习语) blind sb with science =>blind2.
scientist 
/ 5saIEntIst; `saIEntIst/ n expert in or student of one or more of the natural or physical sciences 自然科学家; 研究自然科学的人.
science fiction (also infml 口语作 sci-fi) 
fiction often based on future or recent scientific discoveries, and dealing with imaginary worlds, space travel, or life on other planets 科学幻想小说.
scientific
/ 9saIEn5tIfIk; 9saIEn`tIfIk/ adj  1 (a) [attrib 作定语] of, used in or involved in science 科学的; 用於科学研究的; 关於科学的: a scientific discovery, instrument, textbook, researcher 科学发现、 科学仪器、 理科教科书、 科学研究人员. (b) using methods based on those of science 采用科学方法的: scientific farming 科学种田 * They are very scientific in their approach. 他们的方法很科学.  2 having, using or needing skill or expert knowledge 具有、 采用或需要技术或专门知识的: a scientific player, game 有专门技术的选手、 需要技巧的游戏. 
scientifically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
scimitar
/ 5sImItE(r); `sImEtL/ n short curved sword with one sharp edge, formerly used by Arabs, Persians, Turks, etc 短弯刀（旧时阿拉伯人、 波斯人、 土耳其人等用的）. =>illus at sword 见 sword 插图.
scintilla
/ sIn5tIlE; sIn`tIlE/ n (idm 习语) not a scintilla of sth (fml 文) not the slightest amount of sth 一点儿也没有: not a scintilla of truth in the claim 这种说法中没有丝毫的真实性 * not a scintilla of evidence to prove it 没有一点儿证据可以证实此事.
scintillate
/ 5sIntIleIt; ?@ -tEleIt; `sIntl9et/ v  1 [I] give off sparks; sparkle 发出火花; 闪烁: diamonds scintillating in the candle light 在烛光下闪烁的钻石.  2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) be brilliant, witty, etc 焕发才智: scintillate with wit 才智敏锐.
scintillating 
adj brilliant and witty 焕发才智的: scintillating repartee 机敏的应答 * You were scintillating on TV last night. 您昨晚在电视上妙语如珠.
scintillation 
/ 9sIntI5leIFn; ?@ -tl5eIFn; 9sIntl`eFEn/ n [U].
scion
/ 5saIEn; `saIEn/ n  1 (fml 文) young member of a family, esp a noble one 子孙, 後裔（尤指贵族的）.  2 shoot of a plant, esp one cut for grafting or planting 幼枝; 幼芽; （尤指）接穗.
scissors
/ 5sIzEz; `sIzLz/ n  1 [pl] cutting instrument with two blades, pivoted in the middle, which cut as they come together 剪刀; 剪子: a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 * Scissors won't cut through wire. 剪刀剪不断铁丝.  2 (idm 习语) scissors and `paste (of articles, books, etc) compiled from parts of others （指文章、 书籍等）从其他文章或书上剪辑拼凑而成的: [attrib 作定语] the programme's a real scissors-and-paste job. 这个节目真可谓是东拼西凑的.
sclerosis
/ sklE5rEUsIs; sklI`rosIs/ n [U] (medical 医) condition in which there is abnormal hardening of soft tissue, eg the walls of the arteries 硬化（症）（如动脉硬化）.
SCM
/ 9es si: 5em; 9Zs si `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Certified Midwife 国家注册助产士: be an SCM 是国家注册助产士 * Janet Cox SCM 珍妮特·考克斯国家注册助产士.
scoff
/ skCf; ?@ skR:f; skRf/ v I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) speak contemptuously (about or to sb/sth); jeer or mock 嘲弄; 嘲笑: Don't scoff: he's quite right. 别讥笑, 他没错. * scoff at other people's beliefs 嘲笑别人的信仰.
scoff 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) scoffing remark; taunt 嘲弄的话; 嘲笑: She ignored the scoffs of her workmates. 她对同事的嘲弄不屑一顾. 
scoffer 
n person who scoffs 嘲弄者; 嘲笑者.
scoffingly 
adv.
scoff
/ skCf; ?@ skR:f; skRf/ v [Tn] (sl 俚) eat (sth) greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）: Who scoffed all the biscuits? 是谁把饼乾全都吃光了?
scoff 
n (sl 俚)  1 [sing] act of scoffing 狼吞虎咽: have a good scoff 大吃一顿.  2 [U] food 食物; 食品: Where's all the scoff gone? 食物都到哪儿去了?
scold
/ skEUld; skold/ v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) express anger, criticism, etc, esp to a child; rebuke sb 骂, 责骂（尤指对儿童）; 叱责某人: If I walk in with muddy boots, Dad always scolds (me). 我的靴子上要是有泥, 一进屋爸爸就骂（我）. * Did you scold her for breaking it? 她把那件东西打破了, 你骂她了吗?
scold 
n (dated 旧) person who scolds 爱骂人的人.
scolding 
n: give sb/get a scolding for being late 因迟到叱责某人[受到叱责].
scollop
= scallop.
scone
/ skCn; ?@ skEUn; skon/ n soft flat cake of wheat flour or barley meal baked quickly 司康饼, 烤饼（用小麦面或大麦面快速烘烤的）.
scoop
/ sku:p; skup/ n  1 (a) deep shovel-like tool used for picking up and moving grain, flour, sugar, coal, etc （铲谷物、 面粉、 糖、 煤等的）铲状工具, 铲子, 勺. (b) similar small tool with a round bowl, used eg for serving ice-cream 圆形小勺（如用以舀冰激凌的）.  2 (a) (infml 口) movement made with, or as if with, a scoop 铲; 舀: After three scoops the jar was nearly empty. 舀了三勺後, 罐子就快空了. (b) (also scoopful) amount picked up by a scoop 一铲或一勺的量: two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥.  3 (a) piece of news made public by a newspaper, radio station, etc before its rivals 抢先报道的新闻. (b) (commerce 商) large profit made by acting before one's competitors do 抢先赚得的巨额利润.
scoop 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make (a hole, etc) with, or as if with, a scoop 用铲、 勺等挖（洞等）: scoop a hole in the sand 用铲子在沙子上挖洞.  2 [Tn] (a) act before (a rival, etc) to get a scoop(3a) 抢在（对手等）之前报道新闻: She scooped all the national newspapers to get the story. 她抢在全国各报之前发表了这一消息. (b) get (news, a profit, etc) as a scoop(3b) 抢先获得（新闻、 利润等）: He scooped 1000 in the lottery. 他在抽彩中捷足先登赢得1000英镑.  3 (phr v) scoop sth out/up lift sth with, or as if with, a scoop 铲起; 舀出: He scooped the coins up in his hands. 他用手把硬币捧了起来.
scoot
/ sku:t; skut/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp in commands and in the infinitive 尤用於命令句和不定式) (infml joc 口, 谑) run away quickly 赶快跑开: Get out of here! Scoot! 躲开这儿! 快走开! * You'll have to scoot or you'll be late. 你快跑吧, 不然就要迟到了. * She scooted (off) down the road after them. 她沿路飞奔追赶他们.
scooter
/ 5sku:tE(r); `skutL/ n  1 (also `motor-scooter) light motor cycle, usu with small wheels, a low seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs 小型摩托车. =>illus at motor 见 motor 插图.  2 toy vehicle with two wheels, which a child moves forward by pushing against the ground with one foot 踏板车（儿童游戏用具, 有双轮, 一脚蹬地一脚踏板行进）.
scope
/ skEUp; skop/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) opportunity to do or achieve sth （做某事物的）机会, 余地: a job with (a lot of) scope for self-fulfilment 有机会（充分）发挥自己的能力的工作 * a house with some scope for improvement 尚可改进的房子.  2 [sing] range of matters being dealt with, studied, etc （处理、 研究事物的）范围: Does feminist writing come within the scope of your book? 你这本书是否涉及到女权主义内容? * This subject is outside the scope of our inquiry. 这个问题不在我们探讨的范围之内.
-scope
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) instrument for looking through or observing with 观察用的仪器: microscope * oscilloscope * telescope.
-scopic(al) 
comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): microscopic(al) * telescopic.
-scopy 
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 observing 观察: spectroscopy.  2 use of an instrument like a microscope, telescope, etc 使用显微镜、 望远镜等仪器: microscopy.
scorch
/ skR:tF; skRrtF/ v  1 (a) [Tn] burn or discolour (a surface) by dry heat 将（物体表面）烫焦、 烫　胡或烫得变色: I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it. 我把衬衫烫　胡了. (b) [I] (of a surface) be burned or discoloured in this way （指物体表面）烧焦、 烫　胡或烫得变色: The meat will scorch if you don't lower the gas. 你不把煤气调小一点肉就　胡了.  2 [Tn] cause (a plant) to dry up and wither 使（植物）枯萎: The lawn looked scorched after days of sunshine. 草坪晒了几天以後好像有些枯萎了.  3 (phr v) scorch off, away, down, etc (sl 俚) go in the direction specified at a very high speed 疾驶: motor-cyclists scorching down the road 沿路疾驶的摩托车手.
scorch (also scorch-mark) 
n mark made on a surface (esp cloth) by scorching 焦痕（尤指布上的）.
scorcher 
n (Brit infml 口)  1 very hot day 炎热的天: Whew! It's a real scorcher today! 哟! 今天可太热了!  2 remarkable thing, esp a fast ball at cricket, tennis, etc 绝妙的事物; （尤指板球、 网球等的）快球: The bowler let go a couple of scorchers. 投球手投出了几个快球.
scorching 
adj very hot 极热的: a scorching day 炎热的天 * It's scorching outside. 外面骄阳似火.  adv extremely 极其: scorching hot 极热.
scorched earth policy 
policy of destroying anything that may be useful to an advancing enemy 焦土政策.
score
/ skR:(r); skRr/ n  1 [C] (a) number of points, goals, etc made by a player or team in a game, or gained in a competition, etc （比赛中一方得的）分数: a high/low score 高[低]分 * make a good score of 50 points 获得50分的好成绩 * What's my score? 我得了多少分? * [attrib 作定语] a score-keeper, score-sheet 记分员、 记分单. =>App 4 见附录4. (b) number of points made by both players or teams in such a game, etc （比赛中双方得的）分数, 比分: keep the score, ie keep a record of the score as it is made 记分数 * The final score was 4-3. 最後的比分是4比3. (c) number of marks gained in a test, examination, etc （考试、 测验得的）分数: a score of 120 in the IQ test 智商测验中获得的120分.  2 [C] cut, scratch or scrape on a surface 刻痕; 划痕: deep scores on the rock, eg made by a glacier 岩石上深深的凹痕（如冰川留下的） * scores made by a knife on the bark of a tree 用刀在树皮上划的痕迹.  3 [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) amount of money owed, eg in a restaurant 欠帐, 欠款（如於餐馆中）: pay the score at the hotel 付旅店费.4 (a) [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) set or group of twenty 二十: a score of people 二十人 * three score and ten, ie 70 七十. (b) scores [pl] very many 很多: `How many people were there?' `There were scores (of them).' ｀那里有多少人?＇｀有很多（人）.＇  5 [C] (a) written or printed version of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to play or what each voice is to sing 总谱; 乐谱: the piano score of the opera, ie with the orchestra's music arranged for a piano 歌剧中的钢琴乐谱. (b) music for a film, play, etc （电影、 戏剧等的）配乐: a stirring film score by William Walton 由威廉·沃尔顿创作的感人的电影配乐.  6 (idm 习语) know the score => know. on more scores than `one for many good reasons 由於许多原因; 为了许多理由: I want revenge against her on more scores than one. 我有种种理由要向她报复. on `that score with regard to that; as far as that is concerned 关於那一点; 为了这一点: You need have no worries on that score. 你不必担心那件事. pay/settle an old score => old.
score-board 
n board on which a score (eg at cricket) is shown 记分牌（如板球的）.
score-card 
n card on which a score is recorded 记分卡.
scorn
/ skR:n; skRrn/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sth) strong contempt 鄙视; 轻蔑: be filled with scorn 十分鄙视 * dismiss a suggestion with scorn 对一建议不屑一顾 * He had nothing but scorn for my ideas. 对於我的想法他嗤之以鼻.  2 [sing] the ~ of sb (fml 文) person or thing that is treated with scorn by sb 受某人鄙视的人或事物: She was the scorn of her classmates. 她常受同学们的鄙视.  3 (idm 习语) laugh sb/sth to scorn =>laugh. pour scorn on sb/sth => pour .
scorn 
v  1 [Tn] feel or show scorn for (sb/sth) 鄙视（某人[某事物]）: As a professional painter, she scorns the efforts of amateurs. 她是专业画家, 看不起业余画家的创作.  2 (a) [Tn] refuse (sth) proudly 傲慢地拒绝（某事物）: scorn sb's invitation, advice, offer 轻蔑地回绝某人的邀请、 劝告、 好意. (b) [Tt, Tg] (fml 文) reject (sth one is too proud to do) 不屑做（某事）: scorn to ask for help 不屑於求助 * He scorns telling lies. 他鄙夷说谎的行为.
scornful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj showing or feeling scorn 鄙视的; 轻蔑的: a scornful remark, smile, look, gesture, etc 鄙夷的言语、 微笑、 神情、 姿势等 * scornful of the greed of others 看不起别人那麽贪心. 
scornfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv.
Scorpio
/ 5skR:pIEU; `skRrpI9o/ n  1 [U] the eighth sign of the zodiac, the Scorpion 天蝎宫（黄道第八宫）.  2 [C] (pl ~s) person born under the influence of this sign 属天蝎宫星座的人. =>illus at zodiac 见 zodiac 插图.
Scorpian 
n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见 zodiac.
scorpion
/ 5skR:pIEn; `skRrpIEn/ n small creature of the spider group with lobster-like claws and a poisonous sting in its long jointed tail 蝎子
Scot
/ skCt; skBt/ n native of Scotland 苏格兰人: (The) Scots are an adventurous and inventive people. 苏格兰人既富於冒险精神又富於创造精神.
scot-free
/ 9skCt 5fri:; 9skBt `fri/ adv without punishment or harm 免受惩罚; 免受伤害: The accused got off/escaped scot-free because of lack of evidence. 由於证据不足, 被告未受惩罚.
Scotch
/ skCtF; skBtF/ adj  1 (also Scots) of Scottish people 苏格兰人的.  2 (also Scottish, except in certain fixed combinations 除用於固定词组外, 亦作 Scottish) of Scotland 苏格兰的. =>Usage at Scottish 用法见 Scottish.
Scotch 
n (a) [U] Scotch whisky 苏格兰威士忌. (b) [C] type of this 苏格兰威士忌类的酒: only the best Scotches 上好的苏格兰威士忌. (c) [C] glass of this 一杯苏格兰威士忌: Have a Scotch! 喝一杯苏格兰威士忌!
Scotch broth 
soup or stew containing pearl barley and vegetables 苏格兰浓汤.
Scotch cap 
man's wide beret, esp as worn with Highland costume 苏格兰男子戴的无边帽.
Scotch egg 
boiled egg enclosed in sausage meat 苏格兰式鸡蛋（外裹香肠肉先煮後炸的）.
Scotch tape 
(US propr 专利名) transparent adhesive tape made of cellulose or plastic 透明胶带. Cf 参看 Sellotape.
Scotch terrier 
small terrier with rough hair and short legs 苏格兰猎狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.
Scotch whisky 
type of whisky distilled in Scotland 苏格兰威士忌.
scotch
/ skCtF; skBtF/ v [Tn] (a) stop (esp a rumour, etc) being believed 遏止, 阻止（尤指谣言等）: His arrival in the capital scotched reports that he was dead. 他抵达首都一事止住了说他已死的传言. (b) stop (a plan, etc) being accepted or carried out 阻止（计画等）.
Scotland Yard
/ 9skCtlEnd 5jB:d; `skBtlEnd`jBrd/ headquartersof the London police, now officially called New Scotland Yard; its Criminal Investigation Department 伦敦警察厅（现称New Scotland Yard新伦敦警察厅）; 伦敦警察厅侦缉处: They called in Scotland Yard, ie asked for the help of this Department. 他们向伦敦警察厅侦缉处报了案. * Scotland Yard is/are investigating the crime. 伦敦警察厅正在对该罪案进行调查.
Scot
/ skCt; skBt/ n native of Scotland 苏格兰人: (The) Scots are an adventurous and inventive people. 苏格兰人既富於冒险精神又富於创造精神.
Scots
/ skCts; skBts/ adj of Scotland, its people or its dialect of English 苏格兰的; 苏格兰人的; 苏格兰英语的: Scots law 苏格兰的法律. =>Usage at Scottish 用法见 Scottish.
Scots 
n dialect of English traditionally spoken in Scotland 苏格兰英语.
Scotsman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/, `Scotswoman / -wUmEn; -wJmEn/ ns native of Scotland 苏格兰人.
Scottish
/ 5skCtIF; `skBtIF/ adj of Scotland, its people or its dialect of English 苏格兰的; 苏格兰人的; 苏格兰英语的.
scot
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare Scottish, Scots and Scotch. 试比较 Scottish、 Scots、 Scotch这三个词. The adjective Scottish is used of the people and things of Scotland, Scots only of its people, its law and language. *Scottish 这一形容词用以指苏格兰的人和事物, 而 Scots 则仅指苏格兰的人、 法律和语言. Scotch is mainly used of certain products such as whisky and broth. *Scotch 主要用於某些产品, 如苏格兰的威士忌和汤. It is sometimes used for Scottish or Scots, but this is generally regarded as offensive or old-fashioned by Scottish people themselves. *Scotch这个词有时用以代替Scottish或Scots, 但苏格兰人本身普遍认为这是侮辱性的或是旧式用法. The noun Scots refers to the Scottish dialect of the English language and Scotch is whisky. *Scots 作名词时, 指英语中的苏格兰方言或称苏格兰英语; Scotch 则专指苏格兰威士忌. A native of Scotland is a Scot (or Scotsman/woman). 苏格兰本土的人称作Scot（或 Scotsman/woman）.
scoundrel
/ 5skaUndrEl; `skaJndrEl/ n person who has no moral principles and no conscience; villain 无赖; 恶棍.
scour
/ 5skaUE(r); skaJr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make the dirty surface of sth clean or bright by rubbing it with sth rough 将某物刷净或擦亮: scour the pots and pans 把壶和锅刷乾净 * scour out a saucepan, ie with a scourer 擦亮长柄锅 * scour the pipe (out) 把烟斗掏乾净.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (of a river, etc) clear out or make (a channel, etc) by flowing at high speed （指河流等）冲刷成（水道等）: The torrent scoured a gully down the hillside. 那急流顺山坡而下冲出一条水沟.  3 (phr v) scour sth away/off remove (dirt) by rubbing with sth rough 擦掉, 刷去（污垢）: scour the grease off (the floor) 刷掉（地板上的）油渍.
scour 
n [sing] act of scouring 刷; 擦; 冲刷: give the pan a good scour 把锅好好刷刷.
scourer 
/ 5skaUErE(r); `skaJrL/ n (a) [C] pad of stiff nylon or wire used for scouring saucepans, etc 刷锅等用的尼龙丝或金属丝. (b) [U] powder for this 去污粉.
scour
/ 5skaUE(r); skaJr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) go over (an area) thoroughly searching for sb/sth 走遍（某地）以搜寻某人[某物]: Police scoured the woods (looking) for the body. 警方到树林各处（寻）找那具尸体.  2 (phr v) scour about, through, etc (sth) move around quickly in search of sb/sth 搜寻某人[某物]: hounds scouring about in the copse (after the fox) 在矮树林中追寻著（狐狸）的猎犬 * We scoured through the fields, looking for stray sheep. 我们在田地里搜寻走失的绵羊.
scourge
/ sk\:dV; sk[dV/ n  1 whip for flogging people （用以打人的）鞭子.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that causes suffering 造成灾难的人或事物: The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. 新老板来了以後, 不称职的人就遭殃了. * the scourge of war 战争的苦难.
scourge 
v [Tn]  1 flog (sb) with a scourge 鞭打（某人）.  2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to suffer 使（某人）受痛苦: scourged by guilt 受内疚的煎熬.
scout
/ 5skaUt; skaJt/ n  1 person, ship or aircraft sent out to get information about the enemy's position, strength, etc 侦察员; 侦察舰; 侦察机.  2 Scout (also formerly 旧时作 Boy `Scout) member of the Scout Association, an organization which aims to teach boys self-reliance, discipline and public service through outdoor activities 童子军: [attrib 作定语] a scout troop, hut 童子军的部队、 营房. Cf 参看 Girl Guide (girl).  3 person whose job is to find talented performers (eg footballers, stage artists, etc) and offer them work 物色（运动员、 演员等）人材的工作人员: a `talent scout 物色演员或运动员的人.  4 servant at an Oxford college 牛津大学的校工.
scout 
v [Ipr, Ip] ~ around/about (for sb/sth)  1 look in various places to find sb/sth 到处寻找某人[某事物]: We'd better start scouting about for a new secretary. 我们最好著手物色一个新秘书. * I've been scouting around town for a better house. 我跑遍了全城想找个好一点的房子.  2 act as a scout(1) 侦察: scouting around (looking) for enemy troops 到各处侦察寻找敌军.
scoutmaster 
n person who leads a troop of Scouts 童子军队长.
scowl
/ skaUl; skaJl/ n bad-tempered or angry look on the face 怒容.
scowl 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) look (at sb/sth) with a scowl 怒视（某人[某物]）: The receptionist scowled at me. 接待员横眉怒目地看著我. =>Usage at smirk 用法见 smirk.
Scrabble
/ 5skrAbl; `skrAbl/ n [U] (propr 专利名) game in which words are built up on a board marked with squares, using letters printed on blocks of wood, etc 一种拼字游戏: be good at Scrabble 擅长拼字游戏 * [attrib 作定语] a Scrabble board, player, tournament 拼字游戏板、 参加者、 比赛.
scrag
/ skrAg; skrA^/ n  1 (also ,scrag-end) [C, U] bony part of a sheep's neck, used for making soups and stews 羊颈肉（用以煮汤和炖食）: buy a ,scrag-end of `mutton 买羊颈肉 * a bit of scrag 一小块羊颈肉.  2 [C] skinny person or animal 皮包骨的人或动物.
scrag 
v (-gg-) [Tn]  1 strangle or hang (sb) 勒或吊（某人）.  2 (infml 口) treat (sb) roughly 粗暴对待（某人）: Alan's always getting scragged at school. 艾伦在学校里总受欺负.
scraggly 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) rough, untidy or irregular 散乱的; 不整齐的; 不规则的: scraggly weeds 蓬乱的杂草.
scraggy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) thin and bony 瘦的; 皮包骨的: a scraggy neck 瘦脖子. 
scragginess 
n [U].
scram
/ skrAm; skrAm/ v (-mm-) [I] (esp in commands and in the infinitive 尤用於命令句和不定式) (sl 俚) go away quickly 快走开: Scram! I don't want you here! 走开! 别呆在这儿! * Tell those boys to scram. 叫那些男孩子快走开.
scramble
/ 5skrAmbl; `skrAmbl/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip] climb or crawl quickly, usu over rough ground or with difficulty; clamber 攀登; 爬: scramble up the embankment 爬上堤岸 * The girl scrambled over the wall. 那个女孩儿翻过了墙. * The children scrambled out of the hollow tree. 孩子都从树洞里爬出来了.  2 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sth) struggle or compete with others, esp to get sth or a share of sth 争夺, 竞争（尤指为得到某事物）: players scrambling for possession of the ball 争著抢球的运动员 * The children scrambled for the coins. 孩子们争夺硬币. * They were all scrambling to get the bargains. 他们都争先恐後抢购廉价货.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix (things) together in an untidy way; jumble sth up 将（东西）乱混在一起; 搅乱某事物: Who has scrambled up my sewing things? 谁把我的针线活儿弄乱了?  4 [Tn] mix the whites and yolks of (eggs) together while cooking them in a saucepan with milk and butter （用牛奶和黄油）炒（蛋）.  5 [Tn] change the way (a telephone conversation, etc) sounds by altering the wave frequency, so that only sb with a special receiver can understand it 扰频或倒频使（电话通话等）只可由有特殊接收器的人收听.  6 [I, Tn] (cause a military aircraft to) take off suddenly, eg to repel an enemy raid （使军用飞机）紧急起飞.
scramble 
n  1 [sing] climb or walk done with difficulty or over rough ground 攀登; 爬行: a scramble over the rocks at the seashore 攀登海边的岩石.  2 [sing] ~ (for sth) rough struggle (to get sth) 争夺; 抢夺: There was a scramble for the best seats. 大家都在抢最好的座位.  3 [C] motor-cycle race over rough ground 摩托车越野赛.
scrambler 
/ 5skrAmblE(r); `skrAmblL/ n device for scrambling telephone conversations, etc 扰频器; 倒频器.
scrap
/ skrAp; skrAp/ n  1 (a) C] small, usu unwanted, piece; fragment 碎片; 碎屑; 小块: scraps of paper, cloth, wood, etc 纸片、 布头、 木屑 * (fig 比喻) Only a few scraps of news about the disaster have emerged. 那场灾祸的情况只获知一些零星的消息. (b) scraps [pl] items of left-over food 剩下的食物: Give the scraps to the dog. 把剩下的东西喂狗吧.  2 [U] waste or unwanted articles, esp those still of some value for the material they contain 废弃材料（尤指其中仍有些价值的）: sell an old car for scrap, ie so that any good parts can be used again 把旧汽车当废弃材料卖掉 * A man comes round regularly collecting scrap. 有个男子按时来收破烂. * [attrib 作定语] scrap iron 废铁 * a scrap (metal) merchant 收破烂（金属）的人 * a scrap car 报废的汽车.  3 [sing] (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) small amount of sth 少量; 一点儿: There's not a scrap of truth in the claim. 这种说法毫无真实性. * `Does he have evidence to support this?' `Not a scrap!' ｀他有证据证明此事吗?＇｀完全没有!＇
scrap 
v (-pp-) [Tn] throw away (sth useless or worn-out) 抛弃, 抛掉（无用的或用坏的东西）: scrap a car, ship, bicycle, etc 遗弃报废的汽车、 船、 自行车等 * (fig 比喻) Lack of cash forced us to scrap plans for a new house. 我们现款不足, 只好打消买新房子的念头.
scrappy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 made up of bits and pieces; not well organized; not complete 零碎拼凑起来的; 杂乱的; 不完全的: a scrappy book consisting of articles published elsewhere 把别处发表过的文章拼凑一起而成的书 * It was a scrappy, rambling speech. 那篇讲话杂乱无章, 毫无条理.  2 (US infml 口) liking quarrels; aggressive 爱吵架的; 好争斗的. 
scrappily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
scrappiness 
n [U].
scrap-book 
n book with blank pages in which newspaper cuttings, etc are pasted 剪贴簿; 剪报资料簿.
scrap-heap 
n  1 heap of scrap 废料堆; 废物堆.  2 (idm 习语) on the `scrap-heap no longer wanted 不再需要的: Unemployed people often feel they are on the scrap-heap. 失业的人常有遭遗弃的感觉.
scrap paper (US also `scratch paper) 
loose bits of paper, often partly used, for writing notes on 零散的便条纸（常指部分已用过的）.
scrap-yard 
n place where scrap1 (2) is collected 废弃材料存放处.
scrap
/ skrAp; skrAp/ n ~ (with sb) (infml 口) fight; quarrel 打架; 吵架: get into a scrap 吵起嘴来 * He had a scrap with his sister. 他和妹妹吵了一架.
scrap 
v (-pp-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) fight; quarrel 打架; 吵架: He was always scrapping at school. 他在学校总打架.
scrape
/ skreIp; skrep/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (down/out/off) make (a surface, etc) clean, level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool or sth rough across it 擦净, 削平, 磨光（某物）: scrape the floor with a stiff brush 用硬毛刷子刷地板 * scrape out a sticky saucepan 把锅垢刮掉 * scrape the walls clean 把墙擦乾净 * She is scraping the path clear of snow. 她正在把路上的积雪铲掉. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth away/off remove (mud, grease, paint, etc) in this way 除掉（泥、 油渍、 油漆等）: scrape the rust off (sth) 把　刮掉 * scrape paint from a door 铲掉门上的油漆.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on/along/sth) injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough, sharp, etc 擦伤或刮坏某物: I fell and scraped my knee. 我跌倒时擦伤了膝盖. * I scraped the side of my car against a wall. 我的汽车车身蹭墙划坏了. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth away/off remove (skin, paint, etc) accidentally in this way 擦伤, 刮坏（皮肤、 油漆等）: She's scraped the skin off her elbow. 她把胳膊肘的皮肤擦破了. * I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car. 我准是停放汽车的时候刮掉了一些油漆.  3 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) against/along/on sth (cause sth to) rub against sth （使某物）擦著某物: Bushes scraped against the car windows. 矮小的树擦著了汽车的窗户. * The ship's hull scraped along the side of the dock. 船行时船身擦著码头的边. * Don't scrape your feet on the floor. 别用脚蹭著地板.  4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make sth by scraping 刮成或挖成某物: scrape a hole (out) in the soil for planting 挖个土坑栽种.  5 (idm 习语) bow and scrape => bow2. pinch and save/scrape => pinch. scrape (up) an ac`quaintance with sb (infml 口) get to know sb not very well andwith difficulty 挖空心思与某人结识: I slowly scraped (up) an acquaintance with my neighbours. 我慢慢设法认识了邻居. scrape (the bottom of) the `barrel use the least satisfactory items or people available 勉强使用现有的物品或人: We had to scrape the barrel to get a full team, and then we lost 6-1. 我们勉强凑成一个队, 结果以6比1输了. scrape a `living earn with difficulty just enough to live on 勉强维持生活: I manage to scrape a living by selling my pictures. 我靠卖画　口.  6 (phr v) scrape along/by (on sth) manage to live with difficulty 勉强活下去: I can just scrape along on what my parents give me. 我靠父母扶养勉强过活. scrape in; scrape into sth get in/into (eg a job or a school) with difficulty 勉强获得（工作）; 勉强进入（学校）: She just scraped into university with the minimum qualifications. 她刚刚及格, 勉强进了大学. scrape through (sth) succeed with difficulty in doing sth, esp in passing an exam 勉强做成某事物; （尤指）勉强及格: She only just scraped through the test. 她测验勉强及格. scrape sth together/up obtain sth with difficulty, or by being careful 费力地或小心翼翼地获得某事物: We scraped together an audience of fifty for the play. 我们张罗来五十个观众看这出戏. * Can you scrape up enough money for a holiday? 你能凑够了钱去度假吗?
scraper 
n tool used for scraping, eg for scraping mud from one's shoes 刮刀; 刮削器.
scraping 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) small bit produced by scraping 刮屑: scrapings from the bottom of the pan 从锅底刮下的碎屑.
scrappy
=> scrap1.
scratch
/ skrAtF; skrAtF/ v  1 (a) I, Ipr, Tn] make marks on or in (a surface) with a sharp tool, nails, claws, etc; make a shallow wound in (the skin) in this way 刮, 划, 抓（物体表面或皮肤）（呈现伤或痕）: That cat scratches. 那只猫爱用爪子乱抓. * The dog is scratching at the door. 狗正在抓门. * The knife has scratched the table. 刀子把桌子划出了道子. * She won't scratch you. 她不会把你抓伤的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (sth) by scratching 抓、 划或刮等而成（某状态）: scratch a line on a surface 在物体表面划出一条线 * scratch (out) a hole in the soil 在土里挖（出）一个洞 * He'd scratched his name in the bark of the tree. 他把名字刻在树皮上了.2 [I, Tn] scrape or rub (the skin), esp with the nails to relieve itching 挠或擦（皮肤）; （尤指）搔痒: Stop scratching (yourself). 别再搔痒了. * Scratching the rash will make it worse. 丘疹越挠越坏.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) get (oneself or a part of the body) scratched by accident 使（自己或身体某部）意外划伤: She scratched herself badly while pruning the roses. 她修剪玫瑰花时把自己划伤了一大片. * He's scratched his hand on a nail. 他的手让钉子刮破了.  4 [I] make an unpleasant scraping sound 发出刮或擦的声音: My pen scratches. 我的钢笔在写字时发出刮纸声.  5 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) withdraw (sb/sth) from competing in a race, competition, etc （使自己[某物]）退出比赛: I had to scratch (from the marathon) because of a bad cold. 我患了重感冒, 只好退出马拉松比赛. * The horse had to be scratched (from its first race). 只好把那匹马撤出了（第一场比赛）.  6 (idm 习语) scratch one's `head think hard in a puzzled way about what to do or say 挠头; 伤脑筋; 费思量: We've been scratching our heads for a solution to the problem. 我们一直苦苦思索, 想找到解决这一问题的方法. scratch the `surface (of sth) treat a subject or deal with a problem without being thorough 对待或处理一问题不深入彻底: This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the topic. 这篇文章很短, 只能对这一问题作肤浅的探讨. * The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface. 饥荒十分严重, 援助也只是杯水车薪. ,you scratch `my back and ,I'll scratch `yours (saying 谚) you help me and I'll help you, esp in an unfair way 你给我搔背, 我也给你搔背（你帮我, 我也帮你, 尤指不正当的事）: The contract went to a friend of the chief accountant: it's (a case of) you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 承包合同批给了总会计师的朋友, （可谓）各有好处、 串通一气.  7 (phr v) scratch about (for sth) search here and there using sth sharp, one's nails etc （用尖物、 指甲等）各处抓挠寻找: The monkey scratched about in its mate's fur for fleas. 那只猴子在另一只猴子身上找跳蚤. scratch sth away, off, etc remove sth by scratching 刮去某物: scratch the paint away from the lock 把锁头上的油漆刮掉. * scratch the rust off the wheel 把轮子上的锈刮掉 * I'll scratch your eyes out! 我要把你的眼睛挖出来! scratch sth out (of sth) erase sth by scratching with sth sharp 用尖物划掉某物: Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了. scratch sth together/up = scrape sth together/up (scrape1). scratch sth up get sth out of the ground by scratching 从地上刮出某物: The dog scratched up a bone in the garden. 那条狗在花园里刨出一根骨头.
scratch pad 
(esp US) pad of scrap paper 便条纸簿.
scratch paper 
(US) = scrap paper (scrap1).
scratch
/ skrAtF; skrAtF/ n  1 [C] mark, cut, injury or sound made by scratching (scratch1 1a) 刮、 划、 抓等的痕、 伤或声音: scratches on old records 旧唱片发出的沙沙声 * Her hands were covered with scratches from thethorns. 她手上有很多棘刺划的伤痕. * It's only a scratch,ie a very slight injury. 那只是一点擦伤. * He escaped without a scratch, ie completely unhurt. 他安全逃脱了.  2 [sing] act or period of scratching (scratch1 2) 挠; 搔; 搔痒: The dog gave itself a good scratch. 那条狗使劲地搔痒一番.  3 (a) [C] line from which competitors start in a race when they receive no handicap （无让步条件的）起跑线. (b) [U] status of a player who receives no handicap 无让步条件的参赛者的资格或身分: play to scratch, ie without any handicap 平权比赛 * [attrib 作定语] a scratch player, golfer, etc 无让步条件比赛的参加者、 高尔夫球员等.  4 (idm 习语) (start sth) from `scratch (begin sth) at the beginning, not using any work that was done before 从没有任何基础开始; 从零开始: There were so many spelling mistakes, I had to write the letter out again from scratch. 这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍. (be/come) up to `scratch; (bring sb/sth) up to `scratch as good as sb/sth should be; satisfactory （使某人[某事物]）合格; 令人满意: Is her schoolwork up to scratch? 她的功课行吗? * We'll have to bring the house up to scratch before we sell it. 我们得把这所房子维修一下再出售.
scratch 
adj [attrib 作定语] made up with whatever people or materials are available 用现有的人或材料拼凑的: a scratch meal, team, crew 现凑成的饭菜、 队、 工作人员. scratchy adj (-ier, -iest)  1 making the skin feel itchy or irritated 使皮肤发痒的; 刺激皮肤的: scratchy clothes, wool, etc 使皮肤发痒的衣物、 毛织品等.  2 (of a record) making clicks and hisses when played because of scratches on its surface （指唱片）发沙沙声的.  3 (of a pen) making a scratching sound （指钢笔）发刮纸声的.  4 (of writing or drawings) untidy or carelessly done （指文字或图画）潦草的. 
scratchily 
adv. 
scratchiness 
n [U].
scrawl
/ skrR:l; skrRl/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]  1 write or draw (sth) in an untidy, careless or unskilful way 写或画（某内容）（不工整、 不仔细或无技法）: Who's scrawled all over the wall? 是谁把墙画得这麽难看? * She scrawled a few words on a postcard. 她在明信片上草草地写了几个字.  2 make (meaningless or illegible marks) on sth 在某物上乱画（无意义或无法辨认）: The baby scrawled on the table-top. 那小孩儿在桌上乱画.
scrawl 
n  1 [sing] untidy or unskilful handwriting 潦草的笔迹: the typical doctor's scrawl 医生惯常的潦草笔迹 * I could hardly read her childish scrawl. 我简直认不出她那歪七扭八的字.  2 [C] piece of such writing; scrawled note or letter 潦草的文字或便条、 书信: Her signature was an illegible scrawl. 她的签字潦草难辨.
scrawny
/ 5skrR:nI; `skrRnI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) not having much flesh; scraggy 瘦的; 皮包骨的: the scrawny neck of a turkey 火鸡的瘦脖子. =>Usage at thin 用法见 thin.
scream
/ skri:m; skrim/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tf, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (out) (at sb); ~ (with sth) give a long piercing cry of fear, pain or excitement; cry (sth) in this way （因恐惧、 痛苦或兴奋）尖声喊叫; 喊出: Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了. * She screamed (out) (at me) in anger. 她愤怒地（对我）尖声喊叫. * The fans screamed with excitement when they saw him. 球迷一看见他都激动得大喊大叫. * We all screamed with laughter, ie laughed noisily. 我们都大笑起来. * `Help!' she screamed. 她高声喊叫｀救命啊!＇ * He screamed (out) that there was a fire. 他叫嚷失火了. * The baby was screaming himself red in the face. 那小孩儿哭叫得脸都红了. =>Usage at shout 用法见shout.  2 [I] (of the wind, a machine, etc) make a loud piercingsound （指风、 机器等）发出大而尖的声音: The hurricane screamed outside. 外面飓风呼啸著. * I pressed the accelerator until the engine screamed. 我猛踩油门踏板, 发动机发出了尖利的声音.  3 (phr v) scream past, through, round, etc move quickly with a loud, piercing sound 尖叫著移动: The wind screamed through the trees. 风呼啸著穿过树林. * Racing cars screamed past. 汽车赛车呼啸而过.
scream 
n  1 [C] loud shrill piercing cry or noise 大而尖的声音: the screams of tortured prisoners 犯人受折磨时的尖叫声 * a scream of pain, laughter, excitement, etc 痛苦、 大笑、 激动等时的尖叫声.  2 [sing] (infml 口) person or thing that causes laughter 令人大笑的人或事物: He's an absolute scream. 他非常滑稽. * The play's a scream. 这个剧十分可笑. screamingly adv enough to cause screams of laughter 极其可笑: screamingly funny 滑稽得令人大笑.
scree
/ skri:; skri/ n [U, C] (area on a mountainside covered by) small loose stones, which slide when trodden on 山坡上的碎石（地带）; 岩屑堆.
screech
/ skri:tF; skritF/ v  1 I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (at sb) give a harsh high-pitched cry; call out (sth) in such a way 尖叫; 尖声喊出: screech (out) in pain 痛苦地尖叫 * monkeys screeching in the trees 在树丛中尖叫的猴子 * old ladies screeching hymns 用尖声唱著赞美诗的老妇人 * The child screeched insults at us. 那孩子尖著嗓子骂我们.  2 [I] make a harsh high-pitched sound 发出尖利的声音: The brakes screeched as the car stopped. 汽车停下时刹车发出尖利的声音. * The gate screeched as it opened. 大门打开时发出刺耳的声音.  3 (phr v) screech along, past, through, etc move with a loud harsh high-pitched sound 发出大而尖利的声音移动: jets screeching over the house-tops 在房顶上呼啸而过的喷气式飞机 * screech to a halt 发出尖利的声音停下.
screech 
n [sing] screeching cry or sound 尖利刺耳的声音: the screech of tyres, eg when a car is cornering fast 轮胎发出的刺耳声音（如汽车急转弯时）.
screech-owl 
n type of owl that makes a screeching cry, rather than a hoot 鸣角枭.
screed
/ skri:d; skrid/ n  1 [C] long (and usu uninteresting) speech or piece of writing 冗长的（通常为乏味的）讲话或文字.  2 [C, U] layer of cement, mortar, etc spread over a floor to make it smooth 找平层（铺在地面上的水泥砂浆等的）.
screen
/ skri:n; skrin/ n  1 [C] upright, fixed or movable, sometimes folding framework used for dividing a room, concealing sth, protecting sb from excessive heat, light, etc 隔板; 屏; 幕; 帘; 帐: a screen in front of the fire 炉前的隔板 * get undressed behind a screen 在屏风後脱衣服.  2 [C] anything that conceals sb or sth or gives protection, eg from the weather 掩蔽物: a screen of trees, eg hiding a house from a road 树林形成的屏障 * use the blanket as a screen to keep the wind off 用毯子挡风 * a `sunscreen, ie used to protect the skin from harmful rays from the sun 防晒剂（保护皮肤用的） * He was using his business activities as a screen for crime. 他用生意活动作掩护干著犯罪的勾当.  3 [C] (esp in old churches) wood or stone structure that partially separates the main part of a church from the altar, or the nave of a cathedral from the choir （尤指旧教堂的）圣坛屏幕, 唱诗班屏幕. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.  4 (a) [C] blank surface onto which still pictures or films are projected 银幕. =>illus 见插图.(b) [C] blank surface, esp on a TV or computer monitor, on which pictures or data are shown 屏幕, 荧光屏, 荧屏（尤指电视机或计算机的）. (c) (often 常作 the screen) [sing] the film industry or cinema films 电影业; 电影界; 电影: write for the screen, ie write the dialogue for films 为电影写对白 * a star of stage and screen, ie appearing in plays and films 戏剧兼电影明星 * I work for both the big and the small screen, ie for both films and TV. 我从事影视工作. * [attrib 作定语] a screen actor, performance, writer 电影的演员、 上演、 脚本作者. (d) [C] cinema, esp one that is part of a complex of cinemas 电影院（尤指影院集中区的）: Two smaller screens will be opening in May. 五月份将有两家小型电影院开业.  5 [C] frame with fine wire netting to keep out flies, mosquitoes, etc 纱门、 纱窗等: a `door-screen 纱门 * a `window-screen 纱窗.  6 [C] large sieve or riddle used for separating coal, gravel, etc into different sizes by passing it through holes of different sizes （筛煤、 砾石等的）筛子.  7 [C] = sight-screen (sight1).  8 (idm 习语) the silver screen => silver.
screen 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (off) (from sth/sb); ~ sth/sb (against sth) conceal, protect or shelter sth/sb with a screen （用隔板、 屏、 幕等）隐藏、 掩护或遮蔽某物[某人]: The bushes will screen us while we change. 我们用灌木丛遮挡著换衣服. * The trees screen the house from view. 有这些树隔著看不见那所房子. * The camera lens must be screened from direct sunlight. 照相机的镜头不可受到阳光的直射. * The wall screens us against the wind. 这堵墙能给我们挡风. * A bookcase screens off part of the room. 有个书柜把房间隔开了一部分.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/sb) (fig 比喻) protect sb (from blame, punishment, etc) 保护某人（不受责备、 惩罚等）; 包庇; 袒护: Everyone's angry with you, and I can't screen you (from their anger). 大家都生你的气, 我无法护著你. * You can't screen your children from real life for ever. 不能总护著孩子不让他们接触实际生活.  3 Tn] pass (coal, gravel, etc) through a screen(6) 筛（煤、 砾石等）.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) examine or test sb/sth to find out if there is any disease, defect, etc 检查或测试某人[某事物]（有无疾病、 缺陷等）: screen women for breast cancer 检查女子是否患有乳腺癌 * The applications were carefully screened in case any of them contained false information.仔细审查了所有的申请资料以防弄虚作假. * Government employees are often screened by the security services, ie Their past history is checked, to ensure that they are not likely to be disloyal or subversive. 政府雇员经常受到保安部门审查.  5 [Tn] show (a film, scene, etc) on a screen(4a) 放映（影片、 片段等）: The film has been screened in the cinema and on TV. 这部电影已在电影院及电视上放映. screening n showing of a film, TV programme, etc （电影、 电视等的）放映: the film's first screening in this country 该影片在本国之首映.
screenplay 
n script for a film 电影剧本.
screen test 
test to see if sb is suitable to appear in a cinema film 试镜头（以挑选电影演员）.
screw
/ skru:; skru/ n  1 [C] metal pin with a slot or cross cut into its head, and a spiral groove around its shaft, that can be turned and forced into wood, metal, etc so as to fasten and hold things together 螺丝钉; 螺钉; 螺丝.  2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that is turned like a screw and is used for tightening, gripping, etc 螺旋状物: tighten the screw on a fruit press 旋紧水果榨汁机的螺丝 * a `corkscrew, ie for taking corks out of bottles 瓶塞钻（拔软木瓶塞用的）.3 [C] act of turning; turn 拧; 转动: The nut isn't tight enough yet: give it another screw. 螺母不太紧, 再拧一下吧. =>illus 见插图.  4 [C] propeller, esp of a ship or motor boat 螺旋桨（尤指船的）: a twin-screw cruiser 双螺旋桨的机动游艇.  5 [C] (dated 旧 esp Brit) small twisted piece of paper and its contents （拧口的）小纸包及所盛之物: a screw of salt, tea, tobacco, etc 一小纸包盐、 茶、 烟草等.  6 [sing] (Brit sl 俚) salary or wages 薪水; 工资: be on/be paid a good screw 薪水挣得不少.  7 [C] (Brit sl 俚) prison warder 监狱看守.  8 [sing] (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (a) act of sexual intercourse 性交: have a screw with sb 与某人性交. (b) partner in sexual intercourse 性交的对象: be a good screw 是个性交的好对象.  9 (idm 习语) have a `screw loose be slightly mad or eccentric 有点疯癫或古怪: She eats nothing but nuts: she must have a screw loose! 她这个人除了乾果, 什麽都不吃, 准是有毛病! put the `screw(s) on (sb) force sb to do sth by intimidating him 威逼某人做某事: The landlord's putting the screws on to get her out of the house. 房东正在逼她搬家. a turn of the screw => turn2.
screw 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten or tighten (sth) with a screw or screws 用螺丝钉将（某物）拧紧: a tightly screwed joint 用螺钉拧得很紧的接头 * screw a bracket to the wall 用螺丝把托架固定到墙上 * screw a lock on the door 用螺丝把锁拧在门上 * screw all the parts together 用螺丝钉把所有部件都拧在一起.  2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] twist (sth) round; make tighter by twisting 拧动（某物）; 拧紧: screw the lid on/off (the jar) 拧上[拧开]（罐子）盖 * screw the joints together 把接头拧在一起 * screw a bulb in 把灯泡拧上 * screw one's head round, ie in order to look over one's shoulder 转过头去 * screw the nut (up) tight 把螺母拧紧. (b) [Ipr, Ip] be attached by screwing 拧牢: This type of bulb screws into the socket. 这种灯是拧到灯座上的. * Does this lid screw on, or does one press it down? 这个盖子是拧的还是按的?  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (sl 俚) cheat sb 欺骗某人: We got screwed when we bought this house. 我们买这所房子上当了. * How much did they screw you for? ie How much did you have to pay? 他们敲了你多少钱? （你付了多少?）  4 (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (a) [I] (of two people) have sexual intercourse （指二人）性交: a couple screwing in the back of a car 正在汽车後排座位上性交的两个人. (b) [Tn] (esp of a man) have sexual intercourse with （尤指男子）与...性交: He accused me of screwing his wife. 他控告我奸淫他的妻子.  5 (idm 习语) have one's head screwed on =>head 1. screw him, you, that, etc (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (used in the imperative to express one's irritation about sb/sth 用於祈使句, 对某人[某事物]表示愤怒): Screw you, mate! 去你妈的, 你这个家伙! screw up one's `courage force oneself to be brave 鼓起勇气: I screwed up my courage and went to the dentist. 我鼓起勇气去找牙科医生.  6 (phr v) screw sth out of sth remove sth from sth by twisting 从某物中拧出某物: screw the water out of the sponge 把水从海绵里拧出. screw sth out of sb force sb to give sth 逼某人交出某事物: They screwed the money out of her by threats. 他们威胁她把钱交出来. screw up (sl 俚) handle a situation very badly 弄糟某事: I was trying to help, but I screwed up again. 我原想帮忙, 反而又把事情搞糟了. screw sth up (a) fasten sth with screws 用螺丝钉将某物拧紧: screw up a crate 用螺丝钉把板条箱拧紧. (b) make (paper, etc) into a tight ball 将（纸等）揉成团: I screwed up the note and threw it on the fire. 我把便条揉成团扔进火里了. (c) tense the muscles of (the face, the eyes) when the light is too strong, when one feels pain, etc （因光强、 疼痛等）扭曲（面孔、 眼睛）: The taste of the lemon made her screw up her face. 柠檬把她酸得龇牙咧嘴. (d) (sl 俚) handle (a situation) very badly; make a mess of sth 把（某物）弄糟; 搞乱某事: Don't ask them to organize the trip, they'll only screw everything up. 别让他们组织此行, 他们准得把一切都搞糟了.
screwy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) strange, eccentric or crazy 奇怪的; 古怪的; 疯狂的: She's really screwy! 她简直疯了! * What a screwy idea! 多奇怪的主意!
screwball 
n (US infml 口) eccentric or crazy person 古怪的人; 疯狂的人: [attrib 作定语] a screwball comedy 一出离奇的喜剧.
screwdriver 
n tool with a handle and a blade that fits into a slot, etc in the head of a screw to turn it 改锥; 螺丝刀; 螺丝起子. 
screwed-up 
adj (sl 俚) upset and not completely able to cope with problems in life 烦乱而无法处理生活问题的: ,screwed-up `kids 烦乱而不能自理的孩子 * I'm still screwed-up about the accident. 我仍对那次事故耿耿於怀.
screw-topped (also `screw-top) 
adj (of a jar, etc) having a top or lid that screws onto it （指罐子等）旋盖的.
scribble
/ 5skrIbl; `skrIbl/ v [I, Tn, Tn.pr]  1 write (sth) very fast or carelessly 匆匆或草草书写（某内容）: scribbling (figures) on an envelope 在信封上乱写（数字）.  2 make (meaningless marks) on sth 在某物上画（无意义的东西）: a child scribbling all over a book 在本子上到处乱画的孩子.
scribble 
n  1 [U, sing] very fast or careless handwriting 潦草的笔迹: I can't read this scribble. 我看不懂这种潦草的字.  2 [C] meaningless marks 乱画的无意义的东西: scribbles all over the page 整页上乱画的东西.
scribbler 
/ 5skrIblE(r); `skrIblL/ n  1 person who scribbles 写字潦草的人.  2 (derog 贬) untalented author, journalist, etc 无天分的作家、 新闻工作者等: the scribblers of Fleet Street 伦敦弗利特街报馆区庸碌无能的记者.
scribbling-block 
n pad of cheap paper for making notes （质劣的）拍纸簿.
scribe
/ skraIb; skraIb/ n  1 person who made copies of writings before printing was invented （印刷术发明之前的）抄写员.  2 (in Biblical times) professional religious scholar （圣经时代的）文士, 经师.
scrimmage
/ 5skrImIdV; `skrImIdV/ n  1 (also scrummage) confused struggle or fight; tussle 混战; 争夺: a scrimmage round the bargain counter in the store 在商店廉价品柜台周围你争我夺.  2 (in US football) period between the moment the ball goes into play and the moment it goes out of play （美国橄榄球中的）比赛开始至死球期间.
scrimmage 
v [I] take part in a scrimmage(1) 混战.
scrimp
/ skrImp; skrImp/ v (idm 习语) scrimp and save manage to live on very little money, esp so as to afford sth 节衣缩食, 节省（尤指为攒钱）: We had to scrimp and save to pay the bills. 我们得省吃俭用来付帐.
scrip
/ skrIp; skrIp/ n  1 [C] extra share in a business company issued instead of a dividend （代股息的）股份: [attrib 作定语] a scrip issue 以股代息.  2 [U] shares issued in this way （代股息的）股份.
script
/ skrIpt; skrIpt/ n  1 [C] text of a play, film, broadcast, talk, etc （戏剧、 电影、 广播、 讲话等的）剧本, 脚本, 讲稿: That line isn't in the script. 脚本上没有那一段词. * [attrib 作定语] a script editor 脚本编辑.2 [U] (a) handwriting 笔迹. (b) printed or typewritten cursive characters resembling this 书写体的字.  3 system of writing 文字体系: a letter in Cyrillic script 西里尔文字的字母.  4 [C] (Brit) candidate's written answer or answers in an examination 笔试答卷: The examiner had to mark 150 scripts. 主考人须评阅150份试卷.
script 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] write a script for (a film, a TV or radio play, etc) 为（电影、 电视或广播剧等）写脚本: a film scripted by a famous novelist 由著名小说家撰写脚本的电影. scripted adj read from a script 照稿子念的: a scripted talk on the radio 广播中照稿子念的谈话.
script-writer 
n person who writes scripts for films, TV and radio plays, etc （电影、 电视及广播剧等的）撰稿人.
scripture
/ 5skrIptFE(r); `skrIptFL/ n  1 Scripture [U] (also the Scriptures [pl]) the Bible 《圣经》: [attrib 作定语] a `Scripture lesson 《圣经》课.  2 scriptures [pl] holy writings of a religion other than Christianity （基督教以外的）经典, 经文: Vedic scriptures 吠陀经文.
scriptural 
/ 5skrIptFErEl; `skrIptFErEl/ adj of or based on the Bible 圣经的; 根据圣经的: wide scriptural knowledge 精通圣经.
scrofula
/ 5skrCfjUlE; `skrRfjElE/ n [U] disease causing swelling of the glands, probably a form of tuberculosis 淋巴结核. 
scrofulous 
/ 5skrCfjUlEs; `skrRfjElEs/ adj.
scroll
/ skrEUl; skrol/ n  1 (a) roll of parchment or paper for writing on （供书写用的）羊皮纸卷, 纸卷. (b) ancient book written on such a roll 用羊皮纸写的古籍.  2 anything curved like a scroll, esp an ornamental design cut in stone or a flourish in writing 卷形物; （尤指）卷形石雕饰物或字体.
scroll 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of text on a computer screen) move gradually up or down （指计算机荧屏上的文本）逐渐上下移动.  2 [I, Tn] (of a computer) show (text) moving in this way （指计算机）显示（上下移动的）文本: This model scrolls far too slowly. 这种型号的计算机文本上下移动得实在太慢.
Scrooge
/ skru:dV; skrudV/ n (derog 贬) person who is miserly and mean-spirited 斯克鲁奇; 吝啬鬼.
scrotum
/ 5skrEUtEm; `skrotEm/ n (pl scrotums or scrota / 5skrEUtE; `skrotE/) pouch of skin enclosing the testicles in most male mammals 阴囊. =>illus at male 见 male 插图.
scrounge
/ 5skraUndV; skraJndV/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from/off sb) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) get (sth) by borrowing or taking it without permission 借得或擅取（某物）: She's always scrounging (money) off her brother. 她总找哥哥借钱. * I managed to scrounge the materials to build a shed. 我设法弄来点材料搭个棚子.
scrounge 
n (idm 习语) on the `scrounge (infml 口) trying to borrow or get sth by scrounging 设法借得或擅取某物: If you're on the scrounge again, I've no money. 你要是再想借钱, 我可没有了. 
scrounger 
n.
scrub
/ skrQb; skrQb/ n [U] (land covered with) underdeveloped trees or shrubs 发育不良的矮树丛（地带）: clear the scrub and plough the land 消除矮树丛後开垦这片地 * [attrib 作定语] `scrub-oak 矮栎, `scrub-pine, ie dwarf or underdeveloped types 矮松.
scrubby 
/ 5skrQbI; `skrQbI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with scrub; (of trees, etc) underdeveloped 长有矮树丛的; （指树木）发育不良的.  2 small or mean 矮小的; 卑劣的: a scrubby little shed in a back street 在後街上的破棚子.
scrub
/ skrQb; skrQb/ v (-bb-)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (down/out) clean sth thoroughly by rubbing hard, esp with a brush and soap and water 彻底擦洗某物; （尤指用肥皂和水）刷洗: He's down on his knees, scrubbing (away). 他跪在地上擦洗（起来）. * scrub the floor 刷洗地板 * Scrub the walls down before painting them. 先把墙刷乾净再上漆. * scrub out a saucepan 把长柄锅刷乾净 * Scrub the table-top clean. 把桌面擦洗乾净.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) cancel (a plan, etc) 取消（计画等）: We wanted to go for a picnic, but we had to scrub it because of the rain. 我们原想去野餐, 後来因为下雨而取消了. * It costs 10 per metre, no, scrub that (ie ignore what I've just said), it costs 12 per metre. 这个价钱是每米 10 英镑, 不, 应该说是每米 12 英镑.  3 (phr v) scrub sth away/off remove sth by scrubbing 将某物擦洗掉或刷洗掉: scrub the grease away 把油渍刷洗掉 * scrub the dirt off the shelf 把书架上的土擦掉. scrub up (medical 医) (of a surgeon) wash one's hands and arms thoroughly before an operation （指外科医生）（施行手术前）擦洗手和胳膊.
scrub 
n [sing] act of scrubbing 擦洗; 刷洗: give the floor a good scrub 把地面好好刷洗一番.
scrubbing-brush 
n stiff brush for scrubbing floors, etc （刷地面等的）硬刷子. =>illus at brush 见 brush 插图.
scrubber
/ 5skrQbE(r); `skrQbL/ n (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) prostitute or woman who has sexual intercourse with many partners 妓女; 与很多人性交的女子.
scrudge
/ skrQdV; skrQdV/ n (Brit) small bent nail for holding roofing-tiles in place 房倒板钩（固著房倒板用的）.
scruff
/ skrQf; skrQf/ n (idm 习语) by the scruff of the/one's `neck (grasping or lifting) by the back of an animal's or a person's neck （抓住或拎起）动物或人的颈背: The cat picked up the kitten by the scruff of its neck. 大猫叼著小猫的颈背. * She grabbed me by the scruff of my neck and threw me out. 她抓著我的颈背把我扔了出去.
scruffy
/ 5skrQfI; `skrQfI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) dirty and untidy 邋遢的: You can't go to a job interview looking so scruffy! 你求职去面试不能这邋里邋遢的!
scruff 
n (infml 口) dirty and untidy person 邋遢的人: He's a dreadful scruff! 他真邋遢!
scruffily 
adv.
scruffiness 
n [U].
scrum
/ skrQm; skrQm/ n  1 = scrummage 1.  2 (fig 比喻) confused struggle; tussle 混战; 争夺: Shoppers got into a scrum round the bargain counter. 顾客在廉价品柜台周围你争我夺.
scrum 
v (-mm-) (phr v) scrum down form a scrummage 混战; 争夺.
scrum-half 
n half-back who puts the ball into the scrummage 争球前卫.
scrummage
/ 5skrQmIdV; `skrQmIdV/ n  1 (also scrum) part of a Rugby football game when the forwards of both sides pack together with their heads down to push against the other side, while the ball is thrown between them and they try to kick it back to their own team; all the forwards taking part in this （橄榄球赛的）并列争球, 并列争球的全体前锋: ...and it's a scrummage just inside the Welsh half. ...而且这是在威尔士队半场内的并列争球.  2 = scrimmage 1.
scrumptious
/ 5skrQmpFEs; `skrQmpFEs/ adj (infml 口) (esp of food) delicious （尤指食物）美味的: What a scrumptious meal! 多香的饭菜!
scrunch
/ 5skrQntF; skrQntF/ n, v = crunch.
scruple
/ 5skru:pl; `skrupl/ n  1 [U, C often pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者常作复数] feeling that prevents one from doing or allowing sth that one thinks may be wrong 顾忌; 顾虑: Have you no scruples about buying stolen goods? 你买赃物就毫无顾忌吗? * She tells lies without scruple. 她撒谎肆无忌惮.  2 [C] weight unit of 20 grains 重量单位（等於20格令）.
scruple 
v [It] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) hesitate (to do sth) because of scruples （因有顾忌）犹豫: She wouldn't scruple to tell a lie if she thought it would be useful. 她只要认为说谎有利, 就连犹豫都不犹豫.
scrupulous
/ 5skru:pjUlEs; `skrupjElEs/ adj  1 extremely careful and thorough; paying great attention to details 极仔细彻底的; 一丝不苟的: a scrupulous examiner 认真仔细的检查员 * a scrupulous inspection of the firm's accounts 对公司的帐目彻底审核.  2 ~ (in sth/doing sth) careful not to do wrong; absolutely honest 审慎的; 极诚实的: scrupulous in all her business dealings （她）对所有交易都十分老实 * behave with scrupulous honesty 表现极为正直. 
scrupulously 
adv: scrupulously exact, careful, honest, clean 极为精确、 细心、 诚实、 清洁.
scrutineer
/ 9skru:tI5nIE(r); ?@ -tn5IEr; 9skrutn`IL/ n (Brit) person who checks that an election or other vote is carried out correctly 监票人.
scrutinize, scrutinise
/ 5skru:tInaIz; ?@ -tEnaIz; `skrutn9aIz/ v [Tn] look at or examine (sth) carefully or thoroughly 仔细或彻底检查（某事物）: scrutinize all the documents relating to the trial 仔细审阅与该案审判有关的所有文件.
scrutiny
/ 5skru:tInI; ?@ 5skru:tEnI; `skrutnI/ n [C, U] (instance of) careful and thorough examination 仔细而彻底的检查: a close scrutiny of the election results 彻底检查选举结果 * subject the thesis to careful scrutiny 认真仔细审阅论文.
scuba
/ 5sku:bE; `skubE/ n underwater breathing apparatus consisting of a cylinder or cylinders of compressed air, attached by a hose to a mouthpiece 水肺（水下呼吸器）: [attrib 作定语] `scuba diving 戴水肺潜水.
scud
/ skQd; skQd/ v (-dd-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of ships, etc or clouds) move straight, fast and smoothly （尤指船、 舰或云彩）笔直、 高速而平稳地移动: The yacht was scudding along before the wind. 那只帆船正乘风笔直疾驶. * clouds scudding across the sky 在天空中掠过的飞云.
scuff
/ skQf; skQf/ v  1 [Tn] (a) mark or scrape (a surface) with one's shoes 用鞋踩或蹭（物体表面）: a badly scuffed door 用鞋蹭旧的门. (b) mark, scrape or wear away (a shoe) 蹭、 磨损或穿坏（鞋）: I scuffed the heel of my boot on the step. 我的靴子後跟在台阶上磨坏了.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] drag (one's feet) while walking; shuffle 拖著（脚）走; 拖著脚走: If you scuff (your feet) like that, you'll wear the heels out. 你那麽拖著脚走路, 就要把鞋跟磨坏了. * She scuffed past in her mother's slippers. 她趿拉著她母亲的拖鞋走过去了.
scuff (also `scuff-mark) 
n mark made by scuffing 用鞋踩出的或蹭出的痕迹: scuffs on the skirting-board 壁脚板上用鞋蹭出的痕迹.
scuffle
/ 5skQfl; `skQfl/ n confused struggle between people who are close together 扭打; 混战: Scuffles broke out between police and demonstrators. 警察和示威群众扭打起来了.
scuffle 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) take part in a scuffle 扭打: scuffle with reporters 与记者厮打起来.
scull
/ skQl; skQl/ n  1 either of a pair of small oars used by a single rower, one in each hand （双桨船上的）短桨.  2 oar placed over the stern of a boat to drive it with twisting strokes （船尾的）橹.  3 light racing boat rowed by a single rower with two sculls （单人双桨）赛艇.
scull 
v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] row (a boat) with a scull or sculls （用桨）划（船）; （用橹）摇（船）: be able to scull 会划船 * scull (the boat) past the boat-house 划（船）经过船库. sculler n person who sculls 划桨的人; （在船尾）摇橹的人.
scullery
/ 5skQlErI; `skQlErI/ n small room (usu in a large house) beside the kitchen, where dishes, etc are washed up （厨房旁的）洗涤室（通常设於大宅中）.
scullion
/ 5skQlIEn; `skQljEn/ n (formerly) boy or man who did simple tasks, eg washing-up, in a kitchen （旧时）做粗活儿的男子（如在厨房洗碗）.
sculpt
= sculpture v.
sculptor
/ 5skQlptE(r); `skQlptL/ n (fem 阴性作 sculptress / 5skQlptrIs; `skQlptrIs/) person who makes sculptures 做雕塑或雕刻的人.
sculpture
/ 5skQlptFE(r); `skQlptFL/ n  1 [U] art of making figures, objects, etc by carving wood or stone, shaping clay, making metal casts, etc 雕塑; 雕刻: the techniques of sculpture in stone 石雕技术.  2 [C, U] a work or works made in this way 雕塑品: a sculpture of Venus 维纳斯雕像 * a collector of sculpture 雕塑收藏家.
sculptural 
/ 5skQlptFErEl; `skQlptFErEl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, like or connected with sculpture （似）雕塑的: a sculptural quality 雕塑的特色.
sculpture (also sculpt / skQlpt; skQlpt/) 
v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] represent (sb/sth) in sculpture; make (a sculpture) 为（某人[某物]）做塑像或雕像; 做（塑像或雕像）: saints sculptured in marble 用大理石雕刻的圣徒像 * sculpture a statue out of hard wood 用硬木做雕像. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sth) into a sculpture 将（某物）制成雕塑品: sculpture the clay into a vase 用黏土做成花瓶. (c) [Tn] decorate (sth) with sculptures 用雕塑装饰（某物）: sculptured columns 用雕刻装饰的柱子.  2 [I] make sculptures; be a sculptor 做雕塑; 作雕塑师: learn to sculpture 学习雕塑.
scum
/ skQm; skQm/ n   1 [U] layer of froth on the surface of a boiling liquid; layer of dirt on a pond or other area of still water （煮沸的液体表面的）泡沫; （池塘或其他静止水面上的）浮垢, 浮渣.  2 [pl v] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) people considered to be bad or contemptible 一群坏人或卑贱的人: You scum! 你们这群坏蛋! * She treats smokers like the scum of the earth, ie as the worst people there are. 她把吸烟的人都当作败类. * I wouldn't have anything to do with those scum. 我才不跟那些无耻之徒来往呢.
scummy 
adj (-ier, -iest) of, like or containing scum(1) （似）泡沫或浮渣的; 含有泡沫或浮渣的.
scupper
/ 5skQpE(r); `skQpL/ n (often pl 常作复数) opening in a ship's side to allow water to run off the deck （船舷上的）排水孔（用以排除甲板上的水）.
scupper 
v (Brit)  1 Tn] sink (one's ship) deliberately 故意弄沉（自己的船）.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) cause (sth) to fail; ruin 使（某事物）失败; 摧毁: We're scuppered! 我们完蛋了! * The project was scuppered by lack of money. 那个计画因缺钱而告吹.
scurf
/ sk\:f; sk[f/ n [U] flakes of dead skin, esp on the scalp, that comes off as new skin grows; dandruff 皮屑; （尤指）头皮屑: clean hair that's free of scurf 没有头皮屑的乾净头发.
scurfy 
adj having or covered with scurf 有皮屑的; 有头皮屑的.
scurrilous
/ 5skQrElEs; `skQrElEs/ adj abusive and insulting, esp in a crude or obscene way 辱骂的（尤指粗俗下流的）: a scurrilous rumour, attack, book 粗俗污秽的流言蜚语、 攻击、 书 * She was often quite scurrilous in her references to me. 她一提起我, 常常骂骂咧咧的.
scurrility 
/ skE5rIlEtI; skE`rIlEtI/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] (a) quality of being scurrilous 粗俗下流: the scurrility of their journalism 他们新闻工作中的淫言秽语. (b) scurrilous language 辱骂的语言: a book full of scurrility and slander 内容充满辱骂和诽谤的书.  2 [C often pl 常作复数] scurrilous remark 辱骂的言语: I refused to listen to these scurrilities. 我不听这些骂人的话.
scurrilously 
adv.
scurrilousness 
n [U].
scurry
/ 5skQrI; `skQrI/ v (pt, pp scurried) [I, Ipr, Ip] run with short quick steps 小步疾跑: mice scurrying across the floor 在地面很快跑过的老鼠 * scurry along the road 在路上匆匆小跑 * They scurried in out of the cold. 他们冻得很快跑进来了. * Crowds scurried past. 很多人匆匆地跑过去了. * The rain sent everyone scurrying for shelter. 这阵雨把大家浇得纷纷找地方躲避.
scurry 
n  1 (a) [sing] act or sound of scurrying 小步疾跑; 小跑的脚步声: a/the scurry of feet in the room above 楼上房间里小跑的脚步声. (b) [U] anxious or excited movement; bustle 不安的或兴奋的移动; 热闹的活动: the scurry and scramble of town life 城市生活的匆忙.  2 [C] windy shower of rain, snow, etc or cloud of dust; flurry 风雨、 风雪等交加; 飞扬的灰尘.
scurry
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Scamper, scurry and scuttle indicate people or animals running with short, quick steps. *scamper、 scurry、 scuttle 三词均指人或动物小步奔跑. Scamper (around, away, off, etc) is only used of small animals (puppies, mice, etc) and children. *scamper（around、 away、 off 等）仅用於小动物（小狗、 老鼠等）和儿童. It suggests them playing happily or running away when startled 这个词指玩耍嬉戏或受惊逃跑: The children were scampering around the garden. 孩子们在花园里嬉戏奔跑. * The rabbits scampered away as we approached. 我们一走近就把兔子吓跑了. Scuttle/scurry (about, away, off, etc) indicate running in order to escape from danger, bad weather, etc *scuttle/scurry（about、 away、 off 等）指为躲避危险、 坏天气等而奔跑: The beetle scuttled away when I lifted the stone. 我把石头搬起来, 那甲虫就逃跑了. * The spectators scurried for shelter as soon as it began to rain. 一下起雨来, 观众就纷纷找地方躲避. Scurry can indicate great or hurried activity *scurry 可指重大的或仓促的活动: We were scurrying about until the last minute before the party. 聚会开始前我们一直不停地忙忙碌碌.
scurvy
/ 5sk\:vI; `sk[vI/ n [U] disease of the blood caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet 坏血病.
scurvy 
adj [attrib 作定语] (dated sl 旧, 俚) contemptible; worthless; mean 可鄙的; 无价值的; 卑劣的: He's a scurvy wretch. 他是个卑鄙的家伙. * That was a scurvy trick to play on an old lady. 用那样的花招欺负一个老太太, 可真卑鄙. 
scurvily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv.
scut
/ skQt; skQt/ n short upright tail, esp of a hare, rabbit or deer 短而上翘的尾巴（尤指兔或鹿的）.
scuttle
/ 5skQtl; `skQtl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] run with short quick steps 用小而快的步子跑: small animals scuttling about 各处奔跑的小动物. =>Usage at scurry 用法见 scurry.
scuttle 
n [sing] act of scuttling 小跑: a scuttle down the passage 沿通道小跑.
scuttle
/ 5skQtl; `skQtl/ n small opening with a lid on a ship's deck or side, or in a roof or wall of a building 舷窗; 天窗; 气窗.
scuttle 
v [Tn] sink (a ship) deliberately by opening valves or making holes in its side or bottom 故意将（船）弄沉（凿穿船舷或船底或打开阀门）.
scuttle
/ 5skQtl; `skQtl/ n = coal-scuttle (coal).
Scylla
/ 5sIlE; `sIlE/ n (idm 习语) between Scylla and Charybdis (fml 文) faced by a problem or danger that one can only avoid by facing another, equally unpleasant problem or danger 进退维谷.
scythe
/ saIT; saIT/ n tool with a slightly curved blade on a long pole, sometimes with two handles, used (esp formerly) for cutting long grass, corn, etc 长柄大镰刀. Cf 参看 sickle.
scythe 
v [I, Tn, Tn.p] cut (grass, etc) with a scythe （用长柄大镰刀）割（草等）: workers scything in the meadow 用长柄大镰刀在草地上割草的工人 * scythe the grass (down) 用长柄大镰刀割草.
SDLP
/ 9es di: el 5pi:; 9Zs di Zl `pi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) (in N Ireland) Social and Democratic Labour Party （北爱尔兰的）社会民主工党.
SDP
/ 9es di: 5pi:; 9Zs di `pi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) Social Democratic Party 社会民主党: the SDP-Liberal alliance 社会民主党, 自由党联盟.
per se
/ 9p\: 5seI; `p[`si/ (Latin 拉) by or of itself; intrinsically 本身; 本质上: The drug is not harmful per se, but is dangerous when taken with alcohol. 该药本身并无害处, 但与酒类同服则有危险.
SE
abbr 缩写 = South-East(ern): SE Asia 东南亚 * London SE9 2BX, ie as a postal code 伦敦 SE9 2BX（邮政编码）.
sea
/ si:; si/ n  1 (often 常作 the sea) [U] (also seas [pl]) the salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and encloses its continents and islands; any part of this, in contrast to areas of fresh water and dry land 海; 海洋: fly over land and sea 飞越陆地海洋 * travel by sea 乘船过海 * sail the seas 航海 * the high seas, ie parts away from the land, where no single country can impose its laws 公海 * the cold sea(s) of the Antarctic 南极冰冷的海洋 * Most of the earth's surface is covered by (the) sea. 地球表面大部分是海洋. * Ships sail on the sea. 轮船能在海上航行. * Fish swim in the sea. 有些鱼生活在海洋里. * The river flows into the sea near Portsmouth. 这条河在朴次茅斯附近入海. * [attrib 作定语] a sea animal, fish, voyage 海洋动物、 海鱼、 海上航行.  2 (often Sea, esp as part of a proper name 常大写作Sea, 尤用於专有名称) [C] (a) particular area of the sea, smaller than an ocean 海（比洋小的水域）: the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 * The Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 * the South China Sea 中国的南海. (b) large inland lake of fresh water or salt water 内海, 湖（可为淡水或咸水）: the Caspian Sea 里海 * the Sea of Galilee 加利利海.  3 [C] (also seas [pl]) (state or movement of the) waves of the sea 海浪（的起伏状况）: a heavy/light sea, ie with big/small waves 浪大的[小的]海面 * The ship was struck by a heavy sea, ie a large wave. 那艘船遇到了巨浪. * The liner foundered in heavy seas. 那艘班轮遇到巨大海浪而沉没.  4 ~ of sth (fig 比喻) large amount of sth covering a large area 在大范围中的大量事物: I stood amid a sea of corn. 我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中. * The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him. 讲演的人俯视著下面无数的面孔.  5 (idm 习语) at `sea (a) on a ship, etc on the sea 在海上的轮船等之上: spend three months at sea 在海上度过了三个月. (b) not knowing what to do; confused 不知所措; 茫然; 糊涂: I'm all at sea; I've no idea how to repair cars. 我手足无措, 不知道怎样修理汽车. * She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea. 她费尽力气想 看懂那些说明文字, 却全然不知所云. between the devil and the deep blue sea => devil1. beyond/ over the `sea(s) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) to or in countries on the other side of a sea or seas; overseas; abroad 到海外; 在海外: our cousins beyond the seas 我们那些在海外的表兄弟姐妹. go to `sea be a sailor 当水手. on the `sea at the seaside 在海边; 在海滨: a town on the sea in Devon 在德文郡海边的市镇 * Mudford-on-Sea, ie as a place-name 穆德福特海滨. put (out) to `sea leave port or land travelling on a ship, etc （离港或离岸）出海, 起航. the seven seas (rhet 修辞) all the seas of the world 七大洋: He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险. there are more/other fish in the sea => fish.
seaward 
/ -wEd; -wLd/ adj, adv towards the sea; in the direction of the sea 向海（的）.
seawards 
/ -wEdz; -wLdz/ adv.
sea air 
air at the seaside, thought to be good for the health 海边的空气（认为於健康有益）: a breath of sea air 呼吸海边的空气.
sea anemone 
tube-shaped sea animal with petal-like tentacles round its mouth 海葵.
sea bed 
floor of the sea 海底; 海床.
sea-bird 
n any of several species of bird which live close to the sea, eg on cliffs, islands, etc 海鸟. => illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.
seaboard 
n coastal region; sea-shore 沿海地区; 海滨; 海岸: on the Atlantic seaboard 大西洋沿岸地区.
sea-borne 
adj (esp of trade) carried in ships （尤指贸易）海运的: sea-borne commerce, goods, etc 海运的贸易、 货物等 * airborne and sea-borne missiles, ie carried by aircraft and ships or submarines 机载及海上导弹.
sea-bream 
n = bream2.
sea-breeze 
n breeze blowing from the sea towards the land, esp during the day, followed by a land-breeze at night 海风（尤指白天刮向内陆的）.
sea-cow 
n type of warm-blooded creature living in the sea and feeding its young with milk 海牛; 儒艮.
sea-dog 
n old sailor 老水手.
seafarer 
/ -feErE(r); -9fZrL/ n sailor 水手.
seafaring 
/ -feErIN; -9fZrIN/ adj [attrib 作定语], n [U] (of) work or travel on the sea 海上工作或航海（的）: a seafaring man 海员 * a life of seafaring 海上生活.
sea fog 
fog along the coast, caused by the difference between the temperatures on land and at sea 海雾（因陆海温差所致）.
seafood 
n [U] edible fish or shellfish from the sea 海味: [attrib 作定语] a `seafood restaurant 海味餐厅 * a ,seafood `cocktail 海味什锦. `sea front part of a town facing the sea （市镇的）滨海区: a hotel on the sea front 滨海区的旅馆 * [attrib 作定语] a sea-front restaurant 滨海餐厅.
seagoing 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of ships) built for crossing the sea, not for coastal voyages only （指船）适於航海的, 远洋航行的.  2 (of a person) seafaring （指人）以航海为业的.
sea-green 
adj, n bluish-green, like the colour of the clean sea 海绿色（的）.
seagull 
n = gull1.
sea-horse 
n small fish with a horse-like head 海马.
sea-island cotton 
long-stapled cotton of high quality 海岛棉.
sea-kale 
n coastal plant whose young white shoots are used as a vegetable 海甘蓝.
sea-legs 
n [pl] ability to walk easily on the deck of a moving ship or to avoid seasickness （航行时）在甲板上行走自如或不晕的能力: I feel a bit odd; I haven't got my sea-legs yet. 我稍觉不适, 在船上还走不稳.
sea-level 
n level of the sea half-way between high and low tide 海平面: 50 metres above/below sea-level 海拔[低於海平面]50米.
sea-lion 
n large seal of the N Pacific Ocean 海狮（产於北太平洋）.
Sea Lord 
(Brit) any of the four naval members of the Board of Admiralty 海军部四位海军首长之一.
seaman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/)  1 sailor, esp one in a navy below the rank of an officer 水兵. => App 9 见附录9.  2 any skilled sailor （熟练的）水手, 海员. 
seamanlike 
/ -mEnlaIk; -mEnl9aIk/ adj.
seamanship 
/ -mEnFIp; -mEn9FIp/ n [U] skill in managing a boat or ship 船舶驾驶术.
sea mile 
= nautical mile (nautical).
sea-pink 
n [U] = thrift2.
seaplane 
n aircraft designed so that it can take off from and land on water 水上飞机.
seaport 
n town with a harbour used by seagoing ships 海港市镇.
sea power  
1 [U] ability to control the seas with a strong navy 海军实力.  2 [C] country with a strong navy 海军强国.
seascape 
n picture of a scene at sea 海景画.
sea shell 
shell of any mollusc living in the sea 海贝壳.
sea-shore 
n [U]  1 land next to the sea 海岸; 海滨: a walk on/along the sea-shore 在海滨散步.  2 (law 律) area between high and low-water marks 海岸（高潮线与低潮线之间的地带）.
seasick 
adj feeling sick or wanting to vomit as the result of the motion of a ship, etc 晕船的. 
seasickness 
n [U].
seaside 
n (often 常作 the seaside) [U] land, place, town, etc by the sea, esp a holiday resort 海边, 海滨, 海滨市镇（尤指度假胜地）: two weeks at the seaside 在海滨的两个星期 * own a house at the seaside 在海滨有自己的房子 * [attrib 作定语] a seaside town, hotel, holiday 海滨的市镇、 旅馆、 度假. =>Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1.
sea-urchin (also urchin) 
n small sea animal with a prickly shell 海胆.
sea-wall 
n wall built to stop the sea flowing onto or eroding the land 海堤; 海岸防波堤.
sea water 
salt water from the sea 海水.
sea-way 
n   1 [C] deep inland waterway along which ocean-going ships can sail 海道（海轮可驶入的内陆深水航道）.  2 [U] progress by a ship on the sea （海轮的）航进: The liner made good sea-way because of the fine weather. 因天气好, 班轮在海上航行顺利.
seaweed 
n [U, C] plant growing in the sea, esp on rocks at the edge of the sea 海藻, 海草（尤指海边岩石上的）.
seaworthy 
adj (of a ship) in a fit state for a sea voyage （指船）适於航海的: make a damaged ship seaworthy again 使损坏的船能再度出海. 
seaworthiness 
n [U].
seal
/ si:l; sil/ n animal with flippers that lives near and in the sea and eats fish 海豹.
sealing 
n [U] hunting seals 捕海豹: [attrib 作定语] a sealing expedition 捕海豹之行.
sealskin 
n [U] skin or fur of a seal used as clothingmaterial 海豹皮（用作衣料的）: [attrib 作定语] a sealskin jacket 海豹皮甲克.
seal
/ si:l; sil/ n  1 (a) piece of wax, lead or other soft material, usu stamped with a design and fixed to a document to show that it is genuine, or to a letter, packet, container, etc to prevent it being opened by the wrong person; design stamped in this way 封蜡; 封铅; 火漆; 封条; 封印: The letter bears the seal of the king. 这封信有国王的封印. (b) piece of metal, ring, etc with an engraved design used for stamping a seal 印章; 图章. => illus 见插图.  2 thing used instead of a seal, eg a paperdisc stuck to a document, or an impression stamped on it 代替封印之物（如纸签或印记）.  3 (a) substance or device used to fill a gap, crack, etc so that gas or fluid cannot enter or escape （用以填充的）密封物质或装置: a rubber seal in the lid of a jar 罐子盖儿里的橡皮密封圈 * I've bought a seal to put around the edge of the bath. 我买了一种密封胶涂在浴缸边缘上. (b) closure made by this 密封: The putty gives a good seal round the window. 窗户四周泥的油灰密封效果很好.  4 small decorative sticker like a postage stamp, esp one sold in aid of charity 印花贴签（尤指出售以捐助慈善事业的）.  5 (idm 习语) a ,seal of ap`proval formal approval 正式认可: The deal needs the government's seal of approval. 这一交易需经政府批准. set the seal on sth (fml 文) be the high point in sth; complete sth 为某事物之顶点; 完成某事物: This award has set the seal on a successful stage career. 获此奖标志著舞台生涯成就的顶峰.
seal 
v  1 [Tn] put a seal2 (1,2) on (eg a legal document) 在（尤指法律文件）上加封或盖印.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] (a) ~ sth (down) stick down (an envelope, etc) 粘住（信封等）. (b) ~ sth (up) fasten or close sth securely 封住某物: sealed orders 密封指令 * seal the parcel (up) with adhesive tape 用胶带把包裹封住. (c) ~ sth (up) close tightly or put a substance, etc on sth to stop gas or fluid entering or escaping 将某物密封住: The jar must be well sealed. 这个罐子得封严实了. * Seal (up) the window to prevent draughts. 把窗户封起来以防风.  3 [Tn] coat or surface (sth) with a protective substance, sealant, etc 给（某物）加保护层或面, 或涂上密封胶等: seal the boat's hull with special paint 给船体涂上特种油漆.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) settle (sth); decide 解决（某事物）; 决定: seal a bargain 成交 * Her fate is sealed, ie No one can stop what is going to happen to her. 她的命运已定.  5 (idm 习语) one's lips are sealed => lip.  6 (phr v) seal sth in keep sth in by sealing 将某物封住: Our foil packets seal the flavour in. 我们用锡纸包装以保持原味. seal sth off prevent anybody or anything entering or leaving (an area, etc) 防止某人或某物进入或离开（某范围等）: Police sealed off all the exits from the building. 警方把建筑物的所有出口都封锁住了.
sealant 
/ 5si:lEnt; `silEnt/ n [U, C] substance used for waterproofing, stopping leaks, etc 密封胶; 密封剂: mend the hole and paint some sealant on 先把洞补好, 再涂上一些密封胶.
sealed orders 
instructions given to an officer in the armed forces in a sealed envelope to be opened at a certain time or place, usu in wartime 密封指令（给军官的命令, 封合於信封内, 在某时或某处方可开启, 通常用於战时）.
sealing-wax 
n [U] type of wax that melts quickly when heated and hardens quickly when cooled, used for sealing letters, etc 封蜡; 火漆.
sealskin
=> seal1.
Sealyham
/ 5si:lIEm; `silIEm/ n breed of terrier with short legs and wiry hair 锡利哈姆狗.
seam
/ si:m; sim/ n  1 (a) line along which two edges, esp of cloth, are joined or sewn together （两边缘相接合的）缝（尤指布的）: the seams down the side of his trousers 他裤子的边缝. =>illus at sew 见sew插图. (b) line where two edges meet, eg of boards forming a ship's deck （两边缘相接合的）线（如甲板间的）.  2 layer, eg of coal, between layers of other materials, eg rock, clay （夹层中的）层（如石层、 黏土层之间的煤层）; 矿层.  3 line on a surface, eg a wrinkle or scar on skin （物体表面的）纹, 线（如皮肤上的皱纹或伤疤）.  4 (idm 习语) be bursting at the seams => burst1.
seam 
v [Tn] join (two pieces of cloth, etc) by means of a seam 将（两块布等）缝合, 接合.
seamed 
adj ~ (with sth) having a seam or seams 有接合缝的; 有层的; 有纹的: seamed stockings 有接合缝的长袜 * rock seamed with gold 有金矿层的岩石 * a face seamed with wrinkles 有皱纹的脸.
seamless 
adj without a seam(1a)无缝的: seamless stockings 无缝长袜.
seamstress (Brit also sempstress) 
/ 5semstrIs; `simstrIs/ n woman who sews, esp as a paid job 缝纫女工; 女裁缝.
seamy
/ 5si:mI; `simI/ adj (-ier, -iest) unattractive andsordid 难看而污秽的: the seamy side of life, ie corruption, crime, etc 生活中丑陋的一面（如腐败、 犯罪等） * a seamy bribery scandal 肮脏的受贿丑闻.
seance (also seance) 
/ 5seIB:ns; `seBns/ n meeting, esp of spiritualists, at which people try to talk with the spirits of the dead 降神会（尤指招魂术士的）.
sear
/ sIE(r); sIr/ v  1 (also sere) [Tn] scorch or burn (a surface) 烧灼, 烧焦（物体表面）: a cloth seared by the heat of the oven 被烤箱烤焦的布 * sear a wound to prevent infection 烧灼伤口以防感染.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) affect (sb) with strong emotion 用强烈情感影响（某人）: a soul seared by injustice 因受到不公平对待而极度痛苦的心灵 * The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty. 这部小说是对城市贫困的震撼心灵的控诉.
search
/ s\:tF; s[tF/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (for sb/sth); ~ through sth (for sth) empty the pockets, etc of (sb) and examine his body and clothes to see if anything is concealed there; look at, examine or go over (a thing or place) carefully in order to find sb/sth 搜查（某人）; 细查（某物或某处）以搜寻某人[某物]; 搜索: We searched (around) for hours, but couldn't find the book. 我们（各处）找了半天, 却找不到那本书. * search (the woods) for escaped prisoners 搜查（树林）寻找逃犯 * search (through) the drawers for the missing papers 翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文件 * The police searched her for drugs. 警察搜查她, 看她身上是否有毒品. * (fig 比喻) I searched my memory, but couldn't remember her name. 我想来想去也想不起她的名字.  2 (idm 习语) search one's `heart/`conscience (fml 文) think carefully about one's motives, actions, feelings, etc 反躬自问: Search your heart and ask if you're not equally toblame. 你扪心自问是否自己也同样要承担责任. ,search`me (infml 口) I don't know 我不知道: `Where's the newspaper?' `Search me, I haven't seen it.' ｀报纸在哪儿呢?＇｀不知道, 我没看见.＇  3 (phr v) search sb/sth out find sb/sth by searching 找出某人[某事物]: We've searched out some of your favourite recipes. 我们找出了你喜欢的几个菜谱. * I want to search out an old school friend. 我想寻找我的一个老同学.
search 
n  1 act of searching 搜查; 搜寻: a search for a missing aircraft 搜寻失踪的飞机 * make repeated searches for concealed weapons 反覆搜查暗藏的武器 * Volunteers joined the search for the lost child. 有人自告奋勇也来寻找那失踪的孩子.  2 (idm 习语) in search of sb/sth searching for sb/sth 寻找某人[某物]: go in search of a cheap hotel 寻找便宜的旅馆 * Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科学家想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法.
searching 
adj (of an examination, a question, etc) keen and penetrating; seeking the truth （指考试、 问题等）尖锐而深刻的, 探究的: She gave me a searching look and asked if I was lying. 她用锐利的目光看著我, 问我是否说谎了. * a searching interview technique 面试深入提问技巧. 
searchingly 
adv.
searchlight 
n powerful lamp whose beam can be turned in any direction, used esp to discover enemy aircraft at night 探照灯.
search-party 
n group of people brought together to search for a person or thing 搜索队.
search-warrant 
n official document allowing a building, etc to be searched, eg for stolen property 搜查证; 搜查令.
season
/ 5si:zn; `sizn/ n  1 part of the year distinguished according to its particular type of weather, esp one of the four traditional periods into which the year is divided, ie spring, summer, autumn and winter 季, 季节（尤指四季之一）: the `dry/`rainy season 旱季[雨季] * Plants grow fast in the warmest season. 植物在最暖和的季节生长很快. * Spring is my favourite season. 春天是我最喜欢的季节.  2 (a) time of the year when sth is easily available or common, or when a certain activity takes place （一年中有某事物或有某活动的）时期, 时候; 旺季: the `strawberry, `apple, etc season 草莓、 苹果等当令 * the `growing season 生长时期 * the `football, `theatre, `opera, etc season 足球联赛期、 戏剧会演期、 歌剧荟萃 * the `nesting season, ie when birds build nests and lay their eggs 筑巢产卵期 * the `off season, ie (at holiday resorts, etc) the time when there are very few visitors 淡 季 * the `holiday/`tourist season 度假[旅游]旺季 * the season of goodwill, ie Christmas 圣诞节. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml 文) time of the year during which most fashionable social events are held 社交繁忙时期: The ball was the highlight of the London season. 那次舞会是伦敦社交活动时期的高潮. (c) series of concerts, plays, etc with a particular theme, eg works by certain artists 系列专题音乐会、 戏剧会演等: a short season of silent film classics on Saturday afternoons 每星期六下午放映的无声电影经典作品拾零.  3 (idm 习语) in `season (a) (of food) available in large quantities （指食物）上市, 当令, 在旺季: Strawberries are cheaper when they're in season. 草莓当令时便宜些. (b) (of a female animal) ready for mating （指雌性动物）在发情期. (c) at the time when most people take their holidays 在很多人度假的时期: Hotels are often full in season. 在度假旺季, 旅馆经常客满. (d) at the time of year when certain animals may be legally hunted 一年中在准许捕猎某些动物的时期: Grouse will soon be in season again. 允许捕猎松鸡的时期又快到了. ,out of `season (a) (of food) not in season （指食物）未上市, 不当令, 不在旺季. (b) at the time when most people do not take their holidays 在多数人不度假期间: Holiday prices are lower out of season. 在度假淡季, 度假费用较低. the season's `greetings (used as a greeting at Christmas 用作圣诞节问候语). the silly season =>silly.
season 
v   1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) flavour (food) with salt, pepper, etc （用盐、 胡椒等）给（食物）调味: highly seasoned sauces 味道很浓的沙司 * lamb seasoned with garlic and rosemary 用蒜和迷迭香调味的羊肉 * (fig 比喻) conversation seasoned with wit 妙语如珠的谈话.  2 (a) [I, Tn] (of wood) become fit for use by exposure to the weather; make (wood) fit for use in this way （指木材）风乾後适用; （使木材）风乾後适用: well-seasoned oak, birch, etc 充分风乾可用的栎木、 桦木等. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) make (sb) experienced by practice 使（某人）通过实践而有经验: a politician seasoned by six election campaigns 经历六次竞选锻炼而富经验的政治家 * a seasoned boxer, traveller 有经验的拳击手、 旅行者.
season-ticket (also Brit infml 英式口语作 season)
n ticket that allows a person to make as many journeys, go to as many concerts, etc as he wishes within a specified period 长期票. Cf 参看 commutation ticket (commute).
seasonable
/ 5si:znEbl; `siznEbl/ adj  1 (of the weather) suitable for the time of year （指天气）合时的: seasonable snow showers 合时的一阵阵雪.  2 (of help, advice, gifts, etc) coming at the right time; opportune （指帮助、 劝告、 礼物等）及时的, 合时宜的. 
seasonably 
/ -nEblI;-nEblI/ adv.
seasonal
/ 5si:zEnl; `siznEl/ adj happening during a particular season; varying with the seasons 季节的; 季节性的; 随季节而变化的: seasonal work, eg fruit-picking 季节性的工作（如采集水果） * a seasonal trade, eg selling Christmas cards 节令性的生意（如出售圣诞卡） * a seasonal increase in unemployment 季节性的失业率增长. 
seasonally 
/ -nElI; -nElI/ adv.
seasoning
/ 5si:zEnIN; `sizEnIN/ n [U, C] herb, spice, etc used to season food 调味品; 作料: not enough seasoning in the stew 炖菜里作料不够 * adventurous seasonings, like paprika and turmeric 有刺激味的调料, 如辣椒粉和郁金.
seat
/ si:t; sit/ n  1 [C] thing made or used for sitting on, eg a chair, bench or box 坐具或用作坐具之物（如椅子、 凳子或箱子）: take a seat, ie sit down 坐下 * a stone seat in the garden 花园里的石凳 * The furniture hadn't arrived so we were using crates as seats. 家具还没运来, 所以我们坐在大木箱上. * The back seat of the car is wide enough for three people. 汽车的後座很宽, 可以坐三个人. * She rose from her seat to protest. 她从座位上站起来提出抗议. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.  2 [C] that part of a chair, bench, stool, etc on which one sits (contrasted with the back, legs, etc) （椅子、 凳子等的）座部: a chair with a cane seat 藤座的椅子.  3 [C] (a) (fml 文) the buttocks 臀部. (b) part of a garment covering these 裤子的臀部: a hole in the seat of his trousers 他的裤子臀部上的洞.  4 [C] place where one pays to sit in a vehicle or in a theatre, concert-hall, etc （车辆或戏院、 音乐厅等的）坐位, 座: There are no seats left on the flight. 班机上没有剩余的座位了. * book two seats for the concert 订两张音乐会的票 * expensive opera seats 很贵的歌剧票. =>Usage at space 用法见space.  5 [C] place as a member of a law-making assembly, council, committee, etc （立法会、 议会、 委员会等的）席位: a seat on the council, in Parliament, etc 议会等的席位 * take one's seat, ie begin one's duties, eg in the House of Commons 在议会中就职（如在下议院中） * win a/lose one's seat, ie win/lose a place in a parliament, etc in an election 当选[未再当选]议员 * a majority of 21 seats in the Senate 在参议院中占21席位的多数.  6 [C] (esp Brit) parliamentary constituency 议会议员的选区: a seat in Devon  德文郡选区.  7 [C] ( fml 文) place where sth is based, or where an activity is carried on （某事物或活动的）所在地, 中心: In the US, Washington is the seat of government and New York City is the chief seat of commerce. 在美国, 华盛顿是政府所在地, 纽约是主要的商业中心. * seats of learning, ie universities 学府.  8 [C] (also ,country `seat) (dated 旧) large house in the country, usu the centre of a large estate 宅第（通常为大片地产的中心）: the family seat in Norfolk 在诺福克郡的祖传宅第.  9 [sing] way in which sb sits on a horse 骑马的方式或姿势: an experienced rider with a good seat 姿势好的有经验的骑手.  10 (idm 习语) (drive/fly) by the seat of one's `pants (do sth) by instinct rather than careful thought 凭直觉而不仔细思考（做某事）: None of us had seen an emergency like this and we were all flying by the seat of our pants. 我们谁都没有遇到过这种紧急情况, 只好凭感觉驾驶飞机. have a ringside seat =>ringside (ring1). the hot seat =>hot. in the driver's seat =>driver. take a back seat =>back2.
-seater 
(forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词和形容词)  (vehicle, etc) with the specified number of seats 有某数量座位的（车辆等）: a ,ten-seater `minibus 有十个座位的小型公共汽车 * a fast little,two-`seater, ie car 速度快的双座汽车.
seat-belt (also `safety-belt) 
n strap worn as a belt, attached to a seat in an aircraft, car, etc to prevent a passenger being thrown forward if an accident happens （飞机、 汽车等的）安全带: Fasten your seat-belts! 系好安全带! =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
seat
/ si:t; sit/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) make (sb/oneself) sit 使（某人[自己]）就坐,坐下: Seat the boy next to his brother. 让那个孩子坐在他哥哥旁边. * a statue of a woman seated on a horse 一个女子骑著马的塑像 * Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、 先生们, 请就座. * She seated herself on the sofa. 她坐在长沙发上.  2 [Tn] have seats for (a specified number of people) 有（某数量的人）的座位; 可坐（某数量的人）: a hall that seats 500 可坐 500 人的大会堂.
seating 
n [U] (arrangement of) places to sit; seats 坐位（的安排）; 坐位设置: renew the seating in the theatre 重新安排戏院的坐位 * [attrib 作定语] seating arrangements 座位安排 * How much seating room do we have? 我们有多少可坐的地方?
SEATO
/ 5si:tEU; `si9to/ abbr 缩写 = (formerly) South-East Asia Treaty Organization （旧时）东南亚条约组织. Cf 参看 NATO.
sebaceous
/ sI5beIFEs; sI`beFEs/ adj [attrib 作定语] producing an oily or greasy substance 分泌脂质的: the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺 * a sebaceous cyst 皮脂囊肿.
Hon Sec
/ 9Cn 5sek; 9Bn `sZk/ abbr 缩写 = Honorary Secretary.
sec
/ sek; sZk/ n (Brit infml 口) = second3 2.
sec
abbr 缩写 =  1 secondary.  2 secretary.
secateurs
/ 5sekEt\:z, 9sekE5t\:z; `sZkE9t[z, 9sZkE`t[z/ n [pl] (Brit) clippers used for pruning bushes, etc 修枝剪: a pair of secateurs 一把修枝剪. =>illus at clippers 见 clippers 插图.
secede
/ sI5si:d; sI`sid/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) withdraw (from membership of an organization, state, etc) 退出, 脱离（组织等）: the Southern States which seceded from the Union (ie from the United States) in 1860-61 在1860-1861年脱离联邦的南方各州.
secession 
/ sI5seFn; sI`sZFEn/ n [C, U] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) (instance of) seceding 退出; 脱离.
seclude
/ sI5klu:d; sI`klud/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (from sb) (fml 文) keep sb/oneself apart (from others) 使某人[自己]（与他人）隔离: She secludes herself in her study to work. 她把自己关在书房里埋头研究. * You can't seclude yourself from the world. 人不能与世隔绝.
secluded 
adj (a) (of a place) not visited or seen by many people （指地方）很少有人去的或见的: a secluded garden behind high walls 高墙後面无人去的花园. (b) away from the company of others 与他人隔离的: lead a secluded life 过离群索居的生活.
seclusion 
/ sI5klu:Vn; sI`kluVEn/ n [U] (a) secluding or being secluded 隔离. (b) secluded place; privacy 很少有人去的地方; 私人的范围: in the seclusion of one's own home 在家中自己的天地.
second
/ 5sekEnd; `sZkEnd/ det  1 2nd; next after first in time, order, importance, etc 第二的: February is the second month of the year. 二月是一年的第二个月份. * Tom is the second son  he has an elder brother. 汤姆是次子--他有一个哥哥. * Osaka is the second largest city in Japan. 大阪是日本的第二大城市. * Who was second in the race? 赛跑谁得了第二名? =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 two.  2 another after the first; additional; extra （除第一个外）再一个的; 加上的; 额外的: a second helping of soup 又一份汤 * You will need a second pair of shoes. 你需要再有一双鞋.  3 of an inferior or a less important kind 次等的; 次要的: We never use second quality ingredients. 我们决不使用次等配料. * (sport 体) the second eleven, ie a team of reserves 後补队.  4 of the same quality, merit, etc as a previous one （与前一个）同样好的: He thinks he's a second Churchill! ie believes he has Churchill's abilities. 他认为他是第二个丘吉尔（自信有丘吉尔的才能）.  5 (idm 习语) ,second `only to sb/sth having only one person or thing that is better, more important, etc 仅次於某人或某事物: He is second only to my own son in my affections. 我除了爱我的儿子, 最爱他. ,second to `none as good as the best 不亚於任何人或事物: As a dancer, he is second to none. 他的舞艺无出其右. (For other idioms containing second, see the other major words in each idiom 查阅其他含有second一词的习语, 见该习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 get one's second wind =>wind1.)
second 
adv in second place; second in order or importance 以第二位: The English swimmer came second. 英国游泳选手得了第二名. * I agreed to speak second. 我同意让我第二个发言. secondly adv in the second place; furthermore 第二; 其次: First(ly), it's too expensive; and secondly, it's very ugly. 一来太贵, 二来很难看. =>Usage at first2 用法见first2.
second-best 
adj  1 next after the best 仅次於最好的: my ,second-best `suit 我的这身套装, 仅次於最好的那套 * the second-best performance of the tournament 联赛中仅次於最好的那一场.  2 not as good as one would really like 未达到最喜欢的程度的: I like live music: for me, records are definitely second-best. 我喜欢现场演奏的音乐, 听唱片可没那麽好.  3 (idm 习语) come off ,second-`best fail to win; fail to do as well as sb else 未获胜的; 做得不如他人的: When they have to choose between quality and price, quality usually comes off second-best. 他们在质量和价格作取舍时, 往往要牺牲质量.  n [U] person or thing that is not as good as the best 第二等的人或事物: I'm used to high quality and won't take second-best. 我用惯高质量的东西, 差一点儿的都不行. ,second `chamber upper house in a law-making body 议会的上议院. ,second `class(a) standard of accommodation, etc that is of lower quality than first class （住宿等的级别的）二等: [attrib 作定语] a second-class carriage on the train 火车的二等车厢. (b) category of mail that is given less priority than first-class mail 二等邮件（次於获优先处理的一等邮件）: Second class is cheaper. 二等邮件较便宜. * [attrib 作定语] ,second-class `letters 二等邮件的信. ,second-`class adj  1 of the second-best group or category 第二等的; 第二级的: a second-class degree in history 乙等荣誉历史学位.  2 (derog 贬) much less good than the best; second-rate 次等的; 二流的: a ,second-class ho`tel 次等旅馆 * The old are treated as ,second-class `citizens, ie not as well as other members of society. 老人遭次等公民待遇.  adv: go/travel second-class 乘坐二等车 * It takes longer if you send it second-class. 按二等邮件寄, 花的时间长.
the second coming 
the return of Jesus Christ at the Last Judgement 基督复临（最後审判时）.
second cousin 
child of one of one's parents' first cousins or first cousin of one of one's parents 父或母的堂或表兄弟姐妹的子女; 父或母的堂或表兄弟姐妹.Cf 参看 cousin.
second-degree 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of burns) of the type that is next to the most serious （指烧伤）二度的.
second floor 
floor above the first (in Britain two floors, in US one floor, above the ground) 三楼（英国用法）; 二楼（美国用法）: [attrib 作定语] a ,second-floor apartment 二楼的一套公寓.
second-guess 
v [Tn] (esp US infml 口)  1 comment on or criticize (an action, a decision, etc) after its results have become clear （事後）评论或批评（某行动、 决定等）: It's easy to second-guess the casting of the film, eg say that the wrong actors were chosen. 事後指摘影片选角不当确很容易.  2 make a better guess than (sb) 比（某人）猜得准: The papers have all been trying to second-guess each other about the President's next move. 各报一直在竞相猜测总统的下一步行动.  3 guess (what is going to happen) 猜测（要发生的事）: Don't try to second-guess the outcome. 不要猜测结果.
second-hand 
adj, adv  1 previously owned by sb else 二手（的）（曾属於他人的）: a ,second-hand `car, `suit, `camera 二手的汽车、 套装、 照相机 * a ,second-hand `bookshop, ie a shop selling second-hand books 旧书店 * I rarely buy anything second-hand. 我很少买二水货.2 (of news, information, etc) obtained from others, not from personal experience, etc （指新闻、 信息等）二手（的）, 得自他人（的）: ,second-hand `gossip 辗转听到的流言蜚语 * get news second-hand 间接得到的消息.
second lieutenant 
army officer next below lieutenant 陆军少尉. =>App 9 见附录9.
second-rate 
adj of poor quality; not very good 二流的; 次等的; 劣质的: a ,second-rate `actor, `script, per`formance二流的演员、 剧本、 表演 * His novels are very second-rate. 他写的小说很不怎麽样.
second sight 
ability to know what is going to happen, or to see events happening far away (as if one were present) 预知未来或见到遥远事物的能力.
second-string 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of a sports player) being a substitute, rather than a regular player （指运动员）替补的.
second
/ 5sekEnd; `sZkEnd/ n, pron  1 the second [sing] person or thing that comes next after the first 第二个人或事物: the second of May 五月二日 * George the Second, ie King George II 乔治二世 * I was the first to arrive, and she was the second. 我是第一个到的, 她是第二个.  2 [sing] person or thing additional to one already mentioned 另一个人或事物: She published her first book last year, and has now written a second. 她去年出版了第一本书, 现在写了第二本. * You're the second to ask me that. 你是第二个问我这件事的人.  3 [C] ~ (in sth) (Brit) second-class university degree 大学的乙等荣誉学位: get an upper, a lower second (in economics) 获得（经济学的）乙等一级、 乙等二级荣誉学位.  4 [U] second gear on a car, bicycle, etc （汽车、 自行车等的）二挡: Are you in first or second? 你用的是一挡还是二挡? * Change from second to third. 从二挡换到三挡.  5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] manufactured article that has a fault and is therefore sold cheaper 剔装货: These plates are seconds. 这些盘子是剔装货.  6 seconds [pl] second helping of food 第二份食物: I'm going to ask for seconds. 我想再要一份吃的.  7 [C] person who assists a boxer or sb fighting a duel （拳击者或决斗者的）助手.
second in command 
person next below the commanding officer, most senior official, etc in rank 级别仅次於指挥官、 最高级负责人等的人: the sales director and her second in command 销售部经理和她的助理.
second
/ 5sekEnd; `sZkEnd/ n  1 (symb 符号为 ) 60th part of a minute of time or of angular measurement （时间或角度计量单位的）秒: The winning time was 1 minute 5 seconds. 获胜的时间是1分零5秒. * 1610, ie one degree, six minutes, and ten seconds （1度6分10秒）. =>App 4, 5, 11 见附录4、 5、 11.  2 (also Brit infml 英式口语作 sec) short time; moment 一会儿; 片刻: I'll be ready in a sec(ond). 我马上就准备好. * The food was on the table in seconds. 吃的东西一转眼就摆在桌上了.
second hand 
hand on some watches and clocks that records seconds 秒针. Cf 参看 second-hand (second1).
second
/ 5sekEnd; `sZkEnd/ v [Tn]  1 support or assist (sb), esp in a boxing-match or duel 支持或协助（某人）（尤指拳击比赛或决斗中）: I was ably seconded in this research by my son. 在这项研究中, 我儿子帮了我很大忙.  5 formally support (a motion, resolution, etc already proposed by sb else) to show that he is not the only person in favour of it 附议（某动议、 决议等）: Mrs Smith proposed the vote of thanks, and Mr Jones seconded (it). 史密斯夫人提议大家鼓掌表示感谢, 琼斯先生附议. * (joc 谑) `Let's go away this weekend.' `I'll secondthat.' ｀咱们本周末离开吧.＇｀我同意.＇ Cf 参看 propose1.
seconder 
n person who seconds a motion, resolution, etc 赞成某动议、 决议等的人; 附议者. Cf 参看 proposer (propose).
second
/ sI5kCnd; `sZkEnd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) (esp Brit) transfer (sb) from his normal duties to other duties 调任, 调派（某人）做其他工作: an officer seconded from the Marines to staff headquarters 从海军陆战队调往总参谋部的军官. 
secondment 
n [C, U]: a two-month secondment 两个月的借调 * an officer on secondment (ie seconded) overseas 调往海外的军官.
secondary
/ 5sekEndrI; ?@ -derI; `sZkEn9dZrI/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) coming after sth that is first or primary; of less importance, value, etc than what is primary 第二的; 次要的: Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency. 对於我们提高效率的主要目的来说, 这些想法都是次要的. * Her age is of secondary interest. 她的年龄不太重要. * secondary stress, eg on thefirst syllable of `,sacri`ficial' 次重音 * secondary picketing,eg of a company that is thought to be helping the employers of the workers on strike 第二纠察线（协助罢工工人的雇主的）.  2 dependent on, caused by or derived from sth that is original or primary 从属的; 引伸出的; 次生的; 继发性的: secondary literature, eg criticism or reviews of an author's work 二次文献（如对某作者作品的评论） * a secondary colour, ie one produced by mixing two primary colours 二次色（由两原色混合而成的） * a secondary infection, ie one which occurs as a result of another illness 继发感染.  3 [attrib 作定语] following primary or (in the US) elementary or junior high schools 中等教育的: a secondary school 中学 * secondary education 中等教育. Cf 参看 primary. 
secondarily 
/ -drElI; ?@ 9sekEn5derElI; 9sZkEn`dZrElI/ adv.
secrecy
/ 5si:krEsI; `sikrEsI/ n  1 [U] keeping secrets; ability or tendency to keep secrets; state of being secret 保密; 保密能力: rely on sb's secrecy 信赖某人的保密能力 * his obsessive secrecy about his work 他对工作的强迫性保密观念 * The meeting was arranged with the utmost secrecy, ie very secretly. 会议绝对保密. * the secrecy that still surrounds the accident 对该事故仍讳莫如深.  2 (idm 习语) swear sb to secrecy =>swear.
secret
/ 5si:krIt; `sikrIt/ adj  1 ~ (from sb) kept or intended to be kept from the knowledge or view of others; not known by others 秘密的; 保密的; 机密的: a secret marriage, document, meeting 秘密结婚、 文件、 会议 * keep sth secret from one's family 不让家人知道某事 * She escaped through a secret door. 她通过暗道逃走了. * The party was given secret financial support by some foreign backers. 该党得到外国一些支持者的秘密资助.  2 [attrib 作定语] not openly declared or admitted 不公开说的; 不公开承认的: I'm a secret fan of soap operas on TV. 我从不声张我是电视连续剧迷.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of a place) secluded or quiet （指地方）人迹罕至的, 幽静的: my secret cottage in the country 我在郊野的寂静小舍.  4 [esp pred 尤作表语] (fml 文) fond of keeping secrets; secretive 爱保密.
secret 
n  1 fact, decision, etc that is or must be kept secret 秘密; 机密: keep a secret, ie not tell it to anyone else 保守秘密 * The wedding date's a big secret. 举行婚礼的日期是一大秘密. * Are you going to let him in on (ie tell him) the secret? 你想让他知道这个秘密吗? * He made no secret of his dislike for me, ie made it very clear.他并不讳言他不喜欢我.  2 method of doing or achieving sth that not many people know 秘诀; 诀窍; 窍门: the secret of success 成功的秘诀 * What's your secret for this wonderful pastry? 你做的酥馅饼真好, 有什麽诀窍?3 anything not properly understood or difficult to understand; mystery 奥秘; 神秘的事物: the secrets of nature 自然界的奥秘.  4 (idm 习语) in `secret without others knowing 偷偷的; 暗地的: meet in secret 私下会见 * leave the country in secret 秘密去国. in the `secret (dated 旧) among those who know the secret 知道秘密或内情: Is your brother in the secret? 你哥哥知道内情吗? an open secret =>open1. 
secretly 
adv.
secret agent (also agent) 
person working secretlyfor a government and trying to find out secret information, esp the military secrets of another government; spy 特工人员; 特务; 间谍.
secret police 
police force that works in secret to ensure that citizens behave as their government wants 秘密警察.
secret service 
government department dealing with espionage and counter-espionage 特务机关.
secretariat
/ 9sekrE5teErIEt; 9sZkrE`tZrIEt/ n  1 administrative department of a large organization 秘书处; 书记处.  2 staff or office of a Secretary-General or of a government Secretary 秘书长、 国务大臣或国务卿的全体工作人员或办公厅: the UN secretariat in New York 在纽约的联合国秘书处.
secretary
/ 5sekrEtrI; ?@ -rEterI; `sZkrE9tZrI/ n   1 employee in an office, usu working for another person, dealing with letters, typing, filing, etc and making appointments and arrangements 秘书; 书记: I sometimes think my secretary runs the firm. 我有时认为是我的秘书经管著公司.  2 official of a club, society, etc who deals with its correspondence, records, or business affairs （俱乐部、 协会等的）干事, 文书.  3 Secretary (a) = Secretary of State . (b) (Brit) senior Civil Servant 高级文职官员. (c) (US) head of a government department 部长: Secretary of the Treasury 财政部长.
secretarial 
/ 9sekrE5teErIEl; 9sZkrE`tZrIEl/ adj of (the work of) secretaries 秘书（的工作）的: secretarial staff, duties, training, colleges 任秘书的工作人员、 秘书工作、 秘书培训、 秘书专科学校.
Secretary-General 
n (pl Secretaries-General) chief official in charge of a large organization (eg the UNO) 秘书长（如联合国的）.
Secretary of State  
1 (also Secretary, minister) (Brit) head of one of the major government departments 大臣: the Secretary of State for Home Affairs, Defence, etc 内政、 国防等大臣 * the Home, Defence, etc Secretary 内政、 国防等大臣.  2 (US) head of the Foreign Affairs department 国务卿.
secrete
/ sI5kri:t; sI`krit/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] (of an organ) produce (a substance, usu liquid) either as waste material or for use within the body （指器官）分泌（某物质）: The kidneys secrete urine. 肾脏是分泌尿液的器官. * Saliva is secreted by glands in the mouth. 唾液是由口腔的唾液腺分泌出来的.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] put or keep (sth) in a secret place; hide 隐藏（某物）; 藏匿: money secreted in a drawer 藏在抽屉里的钱.
secretion 
/ sI5kri:Fn; sI`kriFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] secreting (secrete 1) or being secreted 分泌: the secretion of bile by the liver 肝脏分泌出的胆汁.  2 [C] substance that is secreted, eg saliva, bile, etc 分泌物（如唾液、 胆汁等）.  3 [U] secreting (secrete 2) or being secreted 隐藏; 藏匿.
secretive
/ 5si:krEtIv; `sikrEtIv/ adj liking to keep things secret or to hide one's thoughts, feelings, etc 爱保密的; 爱把思想、 感情等深藏不露的: a secretive nature 事事保密的天性. 
secretively 
adv. 
secretiveness 
n [U].
sect
/ sekt; sZkt/ n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) group of people who share (esp religious) beliefs or opinions which differ from those of most people 派别; 宗派; （尤指）教派: a minor Christian sect 基督教的一个小教派.
sect
abbr 缩写 = section (esp of a document) 条, 款, 项（尤指文件的）: clause 3 sect 2  第 3 条第 2 款.
sectarian
/ sek5teErIEn; sZk`tZrIEn/ adj  1 of a sect or sects 派别的; 宗派的; （尤指）教派的: sectarian violence, ie between members of different religious sects 教派之 间的暴力斗争.  2 (derog 贬) showing a lack of tolerance or concern for those outside one's own sect, class, etc 派性的; 闹宗派的: sectarian views 派性观点 * Sectarian politics are ruining the country's economy. 派系政治危害著国家的经济.
sectarianism 
/ -IzEm; -IzEm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) tendency to split up into sects; tendency to be sectarian(2) 宗派主义.
section
/ 5sekFn; `sZkFEn/ n  1 [C] any of the parts into which sth may be or has been divided 部分: This section of the road is closed. 这段路已经封闭. * White lines divide the playing area into sections. 这些白线把赛区分成各个部分. * the practical sections of the course 该课程的实践部分.  2 [C] any one of a number of parts that can be fitted together to make a structure 部件; 零件: the three sections of a fishing-rod 钓鱼杆的三节 * The shed comes in sections that you assemble yourself. 这个棚子有几个部分, 要由自己组装起来.  3 [C] separate group within a body of people 集体中的小团体; 小集团: Farm workers make up only a small section of the population. 农民只占人口的一小部分. * a discontented section of the army 军队里心怀不满的人.  4 [C] department of an organization, institution, etc （组织、 机构等的）部门, 处, 科, 组, 股: the library's extensive biology section 图书馆中有大量图书的生物学部 * the woodwind section of the orchestra, ie players of woodwind instruments 乐队中的木管乐组.  5 [C] separate part of a document, book, etc （文件、 书等的）节, 款, 项, 段: section 4, subsection 2 of the treaty 条约中的第4节第2小节 * the financial section of the newspaper 报纸上的金融栏 * The report has a section on accidents at work. 报告中有一段谈到工作中的事故问题.  6 [C] (a) (US) piece of land one mile square, equal to 640 acres (about 260 hectares) 一平方英里的面积（等於640英亩或约260公顷）. (b) (esp US) area of a town 市镇的范围; 市区: the business, residential, shopping section 商业区、 住宅区、 购物区.  7 [C] view or representation of sth seen as if cut straight through from top to bottom 纵剖面; 纵断面; 纵切面: This illustration shows a section through the timber. 本图所示为木材的纵剖面.  8 (medical 医) (a) [U] process of cutting or separating sth surgically 切除; 切开: the section of a diseased organ 切除患病器官. (b) [C] piece cut or separated in this way 切除或切开的部分; 切片: put a section of tissue under the microscope 把组织的切片放在显微镜下.
section 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] divide (sth) into sections 将（某物）分成部分: a library sectioned into subject areas 按科目划分的图书馆.  2 [Tn] (medical 医) cut or separate (tissue, etc) 切除或切开（组织等）.
sectional 
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj  1 made or supplied in sections (section 2) 组装的; 组合的: a sectional fishing-rod 分节的钓鱼杆 * sectional furniture 组合家具.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a group or groups within a community, etc 社会中某群体的: sectional interests, ie the different and often conflicting interests of various parts of the community 不同群体的利益 * sectional jealousies, rivalry, etc 不同群体之间的倾轧、 竞争等. 
sectionalism 
/ -FEnElIzEm; -FEnl9IzEm/ n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) too much concern for the good of one's own section of the community, rather than that of everybody 本位主义.
sector
/ 5sektE(r); `sZktL/ n  1 part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference 扇形. => illus at circle 见 circle 插图.  2 part or branch of a particular area of activity, esp of a country's economy （活动领域的）部门; （尤指）经济领域: the manu`facturing sector, ie all the manufacturing industries of a country 制造业 * the `service sector, eg hotels, restaurants, etc 服务性行业.  3 any of the parts of a battle area, or of an area under military control 战区; 防区: an enemy attack in the southern sector 敌军对南部战区的进攻.
secular
/ 5sekjUlE(r); `sZkjElL/ adj  1 not concerned with spiritual or religious affairs; worldly 现世的; 世俗的: secular education, art, music 世俗教育、 艺术、 音乐 * the secular power, ie the State contrasted with theChurch 政权（非教会之权）.  2 (of priests) not belonging to a community of monks （指教士）不属修道院的: the secular clergy, ie parish priests, etc 教区神职人员.
secularism 
/ -lErIzEm; -lEr9IzEm/ n [U] belief that morality, education, etc should not be based on religion 现世主义; 世俗主义. 
secularist 
/ -lErIst; -lErIst/ n believer in or supporter of secularism 现世主义者; 世俗主义者.
secularize, secularise 
/ -lEraIz; -lEr9aIz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) secular 使（某事物）现世化, 世俗化: secularize church property, courts, education 使教会财产、 法院、 教育不受教会控制 * Is the country more secularized nowadays? 现在该国的宗教影响力减弱了吗?
secure
/ sI5kjUE(r); sI`kjJr/ adj  1 ~ (about sth) not feeling worry, doubt, etc 无忧虑的; 无疑虑的: feel secure about one's future 对自己的前途无忧无虑 * a secure faith, belief, etc 明确的信仰、 信念.  2 not likely to be lost or to fail; certain; guaranteed 有把握的; 确切的; 有保证的: a secure investment 无风险的投资 * have a secure job in the Civil Service 在政府部门有一份稳定的工作 * Her place in the history books is secure. 她一定名垂青史.  3 firmly fixed; not likely to fall, be broken, etc; reliable 牢固的; 稳固的; 可靠的: A climber needs secure footholds. 攀登的人脚踩的地方要很牢固. * Is that ladder secure? 那个梯子安全吗?  4 ~ (against/from sth) (fml 文) safe; protected 安全的; 受保护的: The strong-room is as secure as we can make it. 我们的保险库建造得十分安全. * Are we secure from attack here? 我们这里受不到攻击吧? * When you're insured, you're secure against loss. 只要买了保险就不会遭受损失.
secure 
v  1 [Tn] fix (sth) firmly; fasten 将（某物）固定住; 缚住; 系住: Secure all the doors and windows before leaving. 要把所有门窗关好再出门. * secure the ladder with ropes 用绳子把梯子捆好.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/from sth) make sth safe; protect 使某事物安全; 保护: secure a building (from collapse) 将建筑物加固（以免倒塌） * Can the town be secured against attack? 能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗? * (fig 比喻) The new law will secure the civil rights of the mentally ill. 这一新法则可保障精神病患者享有公民权.  3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) (fml 文) obtain sth, sometimes with difficulty 得到某事物（有时有困难）: We'll need to secure a bank loan. 我们需获银行贷款. * They've secured government backing (for the project). 他们得到政府（对该计画）的支持.
securely 
adv.
security
/ sI5kjUErEtI; sI`kjJrEtI/ n  1 [U] freedom or protection from danger or worry 安全; 保护; 保障: children who lack the security of a good home 缺乏良好家庭照顾的儿童 * have the security of a guaranteed pension 有保证可获养老金的保障.  2 [U] measures taken to prevent spying, attacks, theft, etc （防刺探、 攻击、 偷盗等的）安全措施: There was tight security for the Pope's visit, eg Many police officers guarded him. 为教皇到访采取了严密的保安措施. * We need greater security in car parks. 我们需要加强停车场的安全措施. * national security, ie the defence of a country 国家的防卫 * [attrib 作定语] security forces, eg police, troops, etc fighting terrorism 保安部队 * a security van, eg for transporting money 保安车（如解送金钱的） * a high security prison, ie for dangerous criminals 戒备森严的监狱.  3 [C, U] jewellery, insurance policies, etc that can be used to guarantee that one will pay back borrowed money or keep a promise 抵押品: lend money on security, ie in return for sth given as security 收取抵押品贷出款项 * give sth as (a) security 以某物作抵押. Cf 参看 guarantee1 1.  4 securities [pl] documents or certificates showing who owns stock, bonds, shares, etc 证券: government securities, ie for money lent to a government 政府证券.
the Security Council 
the permanent peace-keeping body of the United Nations, with five permanent and ten elected members （联合国）安全理事会.
security risk 
person who, because of his political beliefs, personal habits, etc may endanger the security of the state, eg by revealing secrets to an enemy （威胁国家安全的）危险人物: She's a poor/good security risk. 她是个不太[十分]危险的人.
security guard 
guard who wears a uniform and provides protection, eg in a public building or when money is being moved between banks 保安人员; 护卫员.
sedan
/ sI5dAn; sI`dAn/ n  1 = saloon4.  2 (also sedan-chair) box containing a seat for one person, carried on poles by two people, esp in the 17th and 18th centuries 轿子（尤指17及18世纪的）.
sedate
/ sI5deIt; sI`det/ adj (of a person or his behaviour) calm and dignified; composed （指人或人的行为）安静的, 庄重的, 镇静的, 沉著的. 
sedately 
adv. 
sedateness 
n [U].
sedate
/ sI5deIt; sI`det/ v [Tn] (medical 医) give (sb) a drug that calms the nerves or reduces stress 给（某人）镇静剂.
sedation 
/ sI5deIFn; sI`deFEn/ n [U] sedating or being sedated; condition resulting from being sedated 镇静作用; 镇静状态: the sedation of a hysterical patient 　病患者用药後的镇静状态 * under (heavy) sedation 在（大剂量的）镇静剂的作用下.
sedative 
/ 5sedEtIv; `sZdEtIv/ n drug or medicine that sedates 镇静药: give sb a sedative 给某人镇静剂. Cf 参看 tranquillizer (tranquil).  adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: a sedative drug, injection, etc 镇静药、 镇静注射剂.
sedentary
/ 5sedntrI; ?@ -terI; `sZdn9tZrI/ adj  1 (of work) done sitting down （指工作）坐著做的: a sedentary job, occupation, etc 坐著做的工作、 坐著做工作的职业.  2 (of people) spending a lot of time seated （指人）久坐的: a sedentary worker 工作上需要久坐的人 * lead a sedentary life 过著久坐不动的生活.
sedge
/ sedV; sZdV/ n [U] grass-like plant growing in marshes or near water 莎草; 芦草.
sedgy 
adj covered or bordered with sedge 长著莎草或芦草的; 周围有莎草或芦草的.
sediment
/ 5sedImEnt; `sZdEmEnt/ n [U]  1 matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid 沉淀物: a wine with a gritty sediment 有沙粒状沉淀物的葡萄酒.  2 matter (eg sand, gravel, mud, etc) carried by water or wind and deposited on the surface of the land 沉积物（如沙、 砾石、 泥等）.
sedimentary 
/ 9sedI5mentrI; 9sZdE`mZntErI/ adj of or like sediment; formed from sediment （似）沉淀物的; 由沉淀物形成的: sedimentary rocks, eg sandstone, limestone, slate 沉积岩（如砂岩、 石灰岩、 板岩）.
sedimentation 
/ 9sedImen5teIFn; 9sZdEmZn`teFEn/ n [U] (geology 地质) process of depositing sediment 沉淀; 沉积.
sedition
/ sI5dIFn; sI`dIFEn/ n [U] words or actions intended to make people rebel against the authority of the State 煽动叛乱的言论或行动: speeches advocating open sedition 鼓动公开叛乱的讲话.
seditious 
/ sI5dIFEs; sI`dIFEs/ adj of, causing or spreading sedition 煽动性的; 叛乱性的: seditious actions, speeches, writings, etc 煽动性的行为、 言语、 文字等. 
seditiously 
adv.
seduce
/ sI5dju:s; ?@ -5du:s; sI`dus/ v  1 [Tn] tempt (esp sb younger or less experienced) to have sexual intercourse 引诱（尤指年轻或无经验的人）性交: He's trying to seduce his secretary. 他竭力勾引他的秘书. * (fig 比喻) Men are seduced (ie charmed) by her beauty and wit. 她才貌双全倾倒众生.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth); ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) (fml 文) persuade sb to do sth wrong, or sth he would not normally do, esp by offering sth desirable as a reward, etc 唆使某人做坏事或不至於做的事（尤指提供好处）: I won't be seduced from my duty. 我不会受人怂恿做渎职的事. * Higher salaries are seducing many teachers into industry. 在高薪利诱之下, 许多教师改行进入工业界. * I let myself be seduced into buying a new car. 我情不自禁买了一辆新汽车.
seducer 
n person who seduces sb, esp into sexual intercourse 引诱者, 勾引者（尤指为性交）.
seduction
/ sI5dQkFn; sI`dQkFEn/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) seducing or being seduced 引诱; 勾引: the art of seduction 诱惑之术 * her seduction by an older man 她受到年纪较大男子的勾引.  2 seductions [pl] (fml 文) charming or attractive features 诱惑力; 吸引力: the seductions of country life 田园生活的魅力.
seductive
/ sI5dQktIv; sI`dQktIv/ adj tending to seduce, charm or tempt sb; attractive 诱人的; 有魅力的; 有吸引力的: a seductive woman, smile, look 有魅力的女子、 微笑、 样子 * This offer of a high salary and a free house is very seductive. 这种高薪加免费住房的条件十分诱人. 
seductively 
adv. 
seductiveness 
n [U].
sedulous
/ 5sedjUlEs; ?@ 5sedVUlEs; `sZdVElEs/ adj (fml 文) showing much hard work, steady effort or care 勤勉的; 不懈的; 细心的: a sedulous researcher, journalist, etc 勤奋的研究人员、 新闻工作者等 * sedulous work, study, etc 细心的工作、 研究等 * pay sedulous attention to details 一丝不苟. 
sedulously 
adv.
see
/ si:; si/ v (pt saw / sR:; sR/, pp seen / si:n; sin/) * USING THE EYES 见到  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tng, Tni] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) become aware of (sb/sth) by using the eyes; perceive 看见（某人[某物]）; 察觉: He looked for her but couldn't see her in the crowd. 他寻找她, 但人群中看不见有她. * I looked out of the window but saw nothing. 我向窗外望去, 什麽也没看见. * He could see (that) she had been crying. 他察觉到她哭过. * If you watch carefully you will see how I do it/how it is done. 你要是仔细观察, 就能看出我是怎麽做的[这是怎麽做的]. * Did you see what happened? 你看见有什麽事了吗? * I hate to see you so unhappy, ie in such an unhappy state. 我可不愿意看见你这麽不高兴. * She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开. * I saw him put the key in the lock, turn it and open the door. 我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔、 转动钥匙, 然後打开了门. * She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她约在案发时进入了该建筑物.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (not usu in the continuous tenses; often used with can and could 通常不用於进行时态, 常与can和could连用) have or use the power of sight 看; 看见: If you shut your eyes you can't see. 要是把眼睛闭上就什麽也看不见了. * On a clear day you can see for miles from the top of the tower. 天气晴朗时, 从塔顶上能看到很远的地方. * It was getting dark and I couldn't see to read. 天渐渐黑了, 我看不见字, 无法再阅读了. * She'll never (be able to) see again, ie She has become blind. 她再也看不见东西了（她失明了）. * Move out of the way, please: I can't see through you! 请借光, 你挡著我就看不见了! =>Usage at feel1 用法见 feel1.  * LOOKING AT 观看  3 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) look at or watch (sth)看（某物）: In the evening we went to see a film. �晚上我们去看了一场电影. * Have you seen the new production of `Hamlet' at the Playhouse? 你在大剧院看过新排演的《哈姆雷特》吗? * Fifty thousand people saw the match. 有五万人观看了这场比赛.  4 [Tn] (only in the imperative 仅用於祈使句) look at (sth) in order to find information 参看; 参见; 见: See page 158. 参看第158页.  * MEETING 遇见或会晤  5 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be near and recognize (sb); meet (sb) by chance 遇见, 碰见（某人）: I saw your mother in town today. 我今天在城里碰见你母亲了. * Guess who I saw at the party yesterday? 你猜我昨天在聚会上遇见谁了?  6 (a) [Tn] visit 看望; 探望: Come and see us again soon. 有空儿再到我们这儿来坐坐. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (about sth) have a meeting with sb 会晤某人: I'm seeing my solicitor tomorrow. 我明天去见律师. * You ought to see (ie consult ) a doctor. 你应该去看看病. * What is it you want to see (ie talk with) me about? 你来找我有什麽事?  7 [Tn] receive a call or visit from (sb) 接见（访客）: The manager can only see you for five minutes. 经理只能接待你五分钟. * She's too ill to see anyone at present. 她现在病得不能会客.  8 [Tn] (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) spend time in the company of (sb) 与（某人）在一起: She doesn't want to see him any more. 她不想再和他来往了. * She's seeing (ie having a relationship with) a married man. 她现在总和一个结了婚的男子在一起.  * GRASPING WITH THE MIND OR IMAGINATION理解或想像  9 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw] (not usu in continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) perceive (sth) with the mind; understand (sth) 领会; 理解; 明白: `The door opens like this.' `Oh, I see.' ｀这门是这样开的.＇｀噢, 我明白了.＇ * He didn't see the joke. 他没听懂这个笑话. * I don't think she saw the point of the story. 我看她没有明白那故事的意思. * I can see (ie recognize) the advantages of the scheme. 我意识到这个计画的优点. * Can't you see (that) he's deceiving you? 你还不明白他是欺骗你吗? * Do you see what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?  10 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) have an opinion of (sth); interpret (sth) 有对（某事物）的看法; 解释（某事物）: I see things differently now. 我现在的看法不同了. * Try to see the matter from her point of view. 尽量用她的观点来看这件事.  11 [Tng, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) visualize; imagine; envisage 设想; 想像: I can't see her changing her mind. 我无法想像她会改变主意. * Her colleagues see her as a future Prime Minister. 她的同事设想她将来能当首相.  * DISCOVERING OR CHECKING 发觉或查看  12 (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) (a) [I, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] find out or discover by looking or searching or asking （经观看、 寻找、 询问）了解或发觉: `Has the postman been yet?' `I'll just go and see.' ｀邮递员来过了吗?＇｀我去看看.＇ * Go and see if/whether the postman has been yet. 去看看邮递员来过了吗. * I see (that) (ie I have read in the newspapers that) there is going to be a general election in France. 我了解到法国要举行大选了. * Could you go and see what the children are doing? 你去看看孩子们干什麽呢, 好吗? * `Is he going to recover?' `I don't know, we'll just have to wait and see.' ｀他的病能好吗?＇｀我不知道, 我们只能等著瞧了.＇ (b) [I, Tw] find out or discover by thinking or considering （经思考）了解或发觉: `Do you think you'll be able to help us?' `I don't know; I'll have to see.' ｀你看你能帮助我们吗?＇｀我不知道, 我得先考虑一下.＇ * I'll see what I can do to help. 我要考虑考虑看能帮上忙吗.  13 [Tf] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) make sure; ensure; check 一定注意到; 保证; 检查: See that all the doors are locked before you leave. 你一定要查看一下门都锁好再走. * Could you see (that) the children are in bed by 8 o'clock? 你务必让孩子们8点钟上床睡觉, 行吗? * I'll see that it's done. 我管保这件事情能办好.  * EXPERIENCING OR WITNESSING 经历或目睹  14 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) experience or undergo (sth) 经历或进行（某事）: This coat of mine has seen hard wear, ie has been worn a lot. 我这件大衣穿了很久了. * He has seen a great deal in his long life. 他在漫长的一生中经历过很多事.  15 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (a) be the time when (an event) happens; witness 为（某事）发生之时; 目睹: This year sees the tercentenary of Handel's birth. 今年是韩德尔诞辰三百周年. (b) be the scene or setting of (sth) 为（某事）的现场或背景: This stadium has seen many thrilling football matches. 在这个体育场里举行过很多精彩的足球赛.  * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义  16 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] accompany or escort 陪伴; 护送: He saw her to the door. 他把她送到门口. * I saw the old lady across (ie helped her to cross) the road. 我搀扶著老太太穿过马路. * May I see you home (ie go with you as far as your house)? 我送你回家好吗? * My secretary will see you out. 我让秘书送你出去.  17 [Tn] (in gambling games) equal (a bet); equal the bet of (another player) （赌博中）下相同（赌注）; 下与（另一人）相同的赌注.  18 (idm 习语) for all (the world) to `see clearly visible 显眼; 醒目. ,see for one`self find out or witness sth in order to be convinced or satisfied 亲眼看; 亲自去看: If you don't believe that it's snowing, go and see for yourself! 你要是不相信正在下雪, 你去看看! seeing that... in view of the fact that...; since...; because... 鉴於...; 由於...; 因为...: Seeing that he's ill, he's unlikely to come. 因为他病了, 他大概不来了. see a lot, nothing, etc of sb be often, never, etc in the company of sb 经常、 从不...和某人在一起: They've seen a lot/nothing/little/more/less of each other recently. 他们最近经常[从不/很少/频频/减少]来往. `see you; (I'll) be `seeing you (infml 口) goodbye 再见: I'd better be going now. See you! 我得走了. 回见! see you a`round (infml 口) = see you. (For other idioms containing see, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与see配搭的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 see the light =>light1; see red =>red2.) 19 (phr v) see about sth/doing sth deal with sth; attend to sth 处理或照看某事物: I must see about (ie prepare) lunch soon. 我得马上去做午饭了. * I'll have to see about getting the roof mended. 我得去照料修理屋顶这件事. * He says he won't co-operate, does he? Well, we'll soon see about that! ie I will insist that he does co-operate. 他说他不愿意合作, 是吗? 好, 我们非办办这件事不可! （我一定得让他合作. ）
see sth in sb/sth 
find sb/sth attractive or interesting 觉得某人[某事物]有吸引力或有意思: I can't think what she sees in him. 我想不通她看上他什麽了.
see sb off 
(a) go to a railway station, airport, etc to say goodbye to sb who is about to start a journey 到火车站、 飞机场等处为某人送行: We all went to the airport to see her off. 我们都去飞机场为她送行了. (b) force sb to leave a place, eg by chasing him 强迫某人离开某处（如赶走）: The farmer saw the boys off with a heavy stick. 农场主拿著大棍子把那些男孩子赶跑了.
see sth out 
(not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) last until the end of sth 持续到某事物结束: We have enough coal to see the winter out. 我们有足够的煤过冬.
see over sth 
visit and examine or inspect (a place) carefully 仔细查看、 检查或观察（某处）: I shall need to see over the house before I can make you an offer. 我得先看看房子, 然後才能给你出个价钱.
see through sb/sth 
(not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) not be deceived by sb/sth 看穿或看透某人[某事物]（不受骗）; 识破: We all saw through him, ie realized what type of man he really was. 我们都看透了他的为人. * I can see through your little game, ie am aware of the trick you are trying to play on me. 我已经看穿了你的鬼把戏. see sth through (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) not abandon a task, undertaking, etc until it is finished 把某任务、 事情等进行到底: She's determined to see the job through. 她决心把这项工作干到底.
see sb through (sth) 
(not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) satisfy the needs of, help or support sb for a particular (esp difficult) period of time 满足某人的需要, 帮助或支持某人（尤指困难时）: Her courage and good humour saw her through the bad times. 她有志气、 性格刚强, 有助於她渡过难关. * That overcoat should see me through the winter. 有那件大衣我应该能过冬了. * I've only got 10 to see me through until pay-day! 我只有10英镑, 要熬到发薪那天了!
see to sth 
attend to or deal with sth 照看或处理某事物: This machine isn't working; get a mechanic to see to it. 这台机器坏了, 找技工来修理一下吧. * Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting? 你来处理下次委员会会议安排, 好吗? see to it that... make sure that... 一定注意到...; 务必...: See to it that you're ready on time! 到时候你千万要准备好!
see
/ si:; si/ n (fml 文) district for which a bishop or an archbishop is responsible; office or jurisdiction of a bishop or an archbishop 主教或大主教的辖区、 职务或管辖权: the See of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教的辖区 * the Holy See/the See of Rome, ie the Papacy 罗马教廷.
see-saw
/ 5si:sR:; `si9sR/ n  1 [C] long plank, balanced on a centre support, and with a person sitting at each end, which can rise and fall alternately 跷跷板: have a go on the see-saw 玩跷跷板.  2 [sing] (a) up-and-down or to-and-fro motion 上下或往复的移动: the slow see-saw of the branch in the wind 树枝在风中缓缓摇动. (b) (fig 比喻) long series of rises and falls 一长串的起伏: Changing demand causes a see-saw in prices. 需求不断变化造成价格反覆涨跌.
see-saw 
v [I]  1 play on a see-saw 玩跷跷板.  2 (a) move up and down or to and fro 上下或往复移动: a branch see-sawing in the wind 随风摇曳的树枝. (b) (fig 比喻) rise and fall in turn, or move from one position, opinion, etc to another repeatedly 反覆升降; 反覆改变位置、 意见等: Prices see-saw according to demand. 物价随需求变化而反覆涨跌. * public opinion see-sawing continuously 不断变来变去的舆论.
seed
/ si:d; sid/ n  1 (a) [C] part of a plant from which a new plant of the same kind can grow 种子: a tiny poppy seed 小小的罂粟籽 * sow a row of seeds 播种一行种子. (b) [U] quantity of these for planting, feeding birds, etc （种植、 喂鸟等的）种子: a handful of grass seed 一把草籽 * Sweet pea seed can be sown in May. 香豌豆籽可在五月份种上. (c) [attrib 作定语] (to be) used for planting 用作种子的: seed corn, potatoes, etc 作种子用的谷物、 马铃薯等.  2 [U] (dated fml 旧, 文) semen 精液: the fruit of his seed, ie his child or children 他的孩子.  3 [C] (esp in tennis) seeded (seed v 4) player （尤指网球的）种子选手: a final between the first and second seeds 一号和二号种子选手的决赛.  4 (idm 习语) go/run to seed (a) (of a plant) stop flowering as seed is produced （指植物）花谢结子. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to look shabby or become less able, efficient, etc 衰败; （能 力、 效力等）减弱: He started to drink too much and gradually ran to seed. 他喝酒过多, 身体逐渐衰弱了. (plant/sow) the seeds of sth the cause or origin of sth 某事物的起因或根源: Are the seeds of criminal behaviour sown early in life? 犯罪行为的根源是否始自幼时?
seed 
v  1 [I] (of a plant) produce seed （指植物）结子.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) sow seed in sth 将种子种在某处: a newly-seeded lawn 新近撒上草籽的草坪 * seed a field with wheat 在地里播种小麦.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] remove the seeds from (sth) 除去（某物）的种子: seeded raisins 除去子的葡萄乾.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp in tennis) select (a good player) to play against a poorer player in the early rounds of a knock-out competition, so that all the good players have a chance to reach the later rounds （尤指网球中）挑选（种子选手）与较弱选手比赛（使种子选手不至过早遭淘汰）: The seeded players all won their matches. 这些种子选手已全部获胜.
seedless 
adj having no seeds 无子的: seedless raisins 无子葡萄乾.
seedling 
/ 5si:dling; `sidlIN/ n young plant newly grown from a seed 幼苗.
seed-bed 
n  1 bed of fine soil for sowing seeds 苗床.  2 (fig 比喻) place or situation in which sth develops 某事物藉以发展的处所或环境: The tennis club is a seed-bed for young talent. 这个网球俱乐部是培养年轻选手的场所.
seed-cake 
[C, U] n cake containing seeds, eg caraway, as a flavouring 带有芳香种子（如葛缕子）的糕饼.
seed capsule 
capsule holding a plant's seed （包种子的）外壳.
seed-pearl 
n small pearl 小珍珠.
seedsman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men) dealer in seeds 种子商.
seedy
/ 5si:dI; `sidI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 shabby-looking; disreputable 衰败的; 破旧的; 破烂的: a seedy old tramp 衣服破烂的流浪者 * a cheap hotel in a seedy part of town 在城里破烂地区的廉价旅店.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) unwell 身体不舒服: feeling seedy 觉得不舒服.  3 full of seeds 种子多的; 多籽的: The grapes are delicious but very seedy. 葡萄好吃是好吃, 就是子儿太多. 
seediness 
n [U]: the seediness of his lodgings 他居住处之破旧状况.
seeing
/ 5si:IN; `siIN/ conj (also seeing that, infml 口语作 seeing as) in view of the fact that; because 由於; 因为: Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home. 因为天气不好, 我们要呆在家里了.
seek
/ si:k; sik/ v (pt, pp sought / sR:t; sRt/) (fml 文)  1 (a) [I, Ipr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn] ~ (after/for sth) look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth) 寻找; 找到或得到（某事物）: We sought long and hard but found no answer. 我们费力多时也未找到答案. * seeking (for) solutions to current problems 寻找对目前问题的解决办法 * the long sought-for cure for the disease 长期寻求的治疗该疾病的方法 * young graduates seeking (after) success in life 探索人生成功之途的年轻毕业生 * It's a very/highly/much sought-after (ie popular) make of car. 这是一种极受欢迎的汽车型号. * seek happiness, comfort, wealth, etc 追求幸福、 安逸、 财富等 * seek shelter from the rain 寻找避雨之处 * seek safety in flight 逃生 * The explanation is not far to seek, ie is very clear. 这种解释不难理解. (b) [Tn] try to reach (a place or point); move towards (sth) 设法到达或达到（某处或某点）; 向（某物）移动: Water seeks its own level. 水能自行流平. * The flood started and we had to seek higher ground. 发大水了, 我们得到高的地方去.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) ask sb for sth 向某人寻求某事: seek help, advice, information, etc 请求帮助、 徵求意见、 寻找信息 * You must seek permission from the manager. 你需请求经理批准.  3 [It] attempt (to do sth); try 设法（做某事）; 试图: seek to bring the conflict to an end 试图结束冲突 * They are seeking to mislead us. 他们竭力误导我们.  4 (idm 习语) seek one's `fortune try to find a way to become rich and successful 寻找致富及成功之道.  5 (phr v) seek sb/sth out look for and find sb/sth 找出或找到某人[某事物]: We sought her out to tell her of her success. 我们找到她, 告诉她她成功了. * She sought out and acquired all his early paintings. 她找到并获得了他早期画的所有的画儿.
seem
/ si:m; sim/  1 v [La, Ln, Ipr, It] ~ (to sb) (to be) sth; ~ like sth (not used in progressive tenses 不用於进行时态) have or give the impression or appearance of being or doing sth; appear 似乎; 好像; 仿佛: She seems happy (to me). （我看）她好像很愉快. * Do whatever seems best. 只要觉察出是最好的, 就去做. * It seems (to me) (to be) the best solution. （依我看）这似乎是最好的解决办法. * It seemed like a disaster at the time. 在当时那就像是一场灾难. * She seems (to me) to be right/It seems (to me) that she's right. （我看）她做得对. * It would seem that..., ie a cautious way of saying, `It seems that...' 看来似乎是...（为It seems that...的含蓄说法） * `She's leaving.' `So it seems', ie People say so. ｀她要走了.＇｀据说是这样.＇ * They seem to know what they're doing. 他们好像明白他们做的事情. * I can't seem to (ie It seems that I can't) stop coughing. 我的咳嗽看来止不住了. =>Usage at appear 用法见appear. .  2 (idm 习语) it seems/seemed as if.../as though...the impression is/was given that... 看样子...; 看起来...; 似乎...; 好像...: It always seemed as though they would marry in the end. 久而久之, 看来他们终归得结婚.
seeming 
adj [attrib 作定语] appearing to be sth, but perhaps not being this in fact; apparent 似是而非的; 看上去的; 貌似的: seeming intelligence, interest, anger 貌似聪明、 有兴趣、 气愤 * Despite his seeming deafness, he could hear every word. 别看他好像耳背, 他每个字都听得见. seemingly adv in appearance; apparently 看上去; 表面上: They were seemingly unaware of the decision. 他们似乎并不了解这个决定.
seemly
/ 5si:mlI; `simlI/ / adj (-ier, -iest) (dated or fml 旧或文) proper and suitable by the standards of polite society 恰当的, 得体的, 适宜的（合乎礼仪的）: seemly conduct, modesty 适度的举止、 谦虚 * It would be more seemly to tell her after the funeral. 待葬礼过後再告诉她较合适. 
seemliness 
n [U]. 
seen
pp of see1.
seep
/ si:p; sip/ v [Ipr, Ip] ~ through (sth)/into sth/out (of sth) (of liquids) flow slowly and in small quantities through a substance （指液体）漏出, 渗出, 渗漏: water seeping through the roof of the tunnel 从隧道顶部渗出的水 * Oil is seeping out through a crack in the tank. 油箱的裂缝漏出油来了. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1.
seepage 
/ 5si:pIdV; `sipIdV/ n  1 [U, C] process of seeping 漏; 渗; 渗漏: some seepage 有点渗漏 * reported seepages from the pipe 据称管道渗漏.  2 [U] liquid that seeps 渗漏出的液体: a bowl to catch the seepage 承接渗出液体的盆.
seersucker
/ 5sIEsQkE(r); `sIr9sQkL/ n [U] thin striped fabric with a crinkled surface 绉条纹薄织物; 泡泡纱: [attrib 作定语] a seersucker table-cloth 泡泡纱桌布.
seethe
/ si:T; siT/ v  1 [I] (of liquids) bubble and froth as if boiling （指液体）起泡, 冒泡（似沸腾）: They fell into the seething waters of the rapids. 他们跌进了翻腾的急流中.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (a) be crowded 拥挤: streets seething with excited crowds 群情激动十分拥挤的街道. (b) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) be very angry, agitated, etc 非常气愤、 激动等: She was seething (with rage) at his remarks. 对於他的说法, 她（气得）火冒三丈.
segment
/ 5segmEnt; `sZ^mEnt/ n  1 (a) (geometry 几) part of a circle cut off by a line 弦（一直线切割圆, 在圆周内的部分）. =>illus at circle 见 circle 插图. (b) part of sth separated or marked off from the other parts; part of sth that can be separated off in the mind 分出的或标出的一部分; 想像中可分出的一部分: She cleaned a small segment of the painting. 她把画儿上的一小部分擦乾净了. * Lines divided the area into segments. 这几条线把这个面分割成了几个部分.  2 any one of the several sections of which an orange, lemon, etc is made up （橙子、 柠檬等的）瓣: grapefruit segments 葡萄柚瓣.
segment 
/ seg5ment; sZ^`mZnt/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) separate into segments （将某事物）分割成弦、 部分或瓣. 
segmentation 
/ 9segmen5teIFn; 9sZ^mZn`teFEn/ n [U, C] division into segments 分割成弦、 部分或瓣.
segregate
/ 5segrIgeIt; `sZ^rI9^et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth)  1 put sb/sth in a place away from the rest; isolate 将某人[某事物]隔离、 分离或分开: segregate cholera patients 把霍乱病人隔离开 * The two groups of fans must be segregated in the stadium. 必须把体育场中这两部分球迷隔开.  2 separate (esp a racial or religious group) from the rest of the community and treat them unfairly 将（尤指某种族或宗教团体）与社区其他人隔开并作不公平对待: Why should the handicappedbe segregated from the able-bodied? 为什麽要把伤残人士和身体健康的人分开? * a segregated society, ie one in which some groups are segregated 有种族隔离的社会. Cf 参看 integrate.
segregation 
/ 9segrI5geIFn; 9sZ^rI`^eFEn/ n [U] segregating or being segregated; state of being segregated 隔离; 隔离状况: a policy of racial segregation 种族隔离政策 * We oppose segregation on religious grounds. 我们反对基於宗教不同的隔离状况. Cf 参看 integration (integrate).
seismic
/ 5saIzmIk; `saIzmIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of earthquakes 地震的: seismic research, tremors, waves 地震的研究、 震动、 震波.
seismograph 
/ 5saIzmEgrB:f; ?@ -grAf; `saIzmE9^rAf/ n instrument for detecting earthquakes and recording how strong they are and how long they last 地震仪.
seismology 
/ saIz5mClEdVI; saIz`mBlEdVI/ n [U] science of earthquakes 地震学. 
seismologist 
/ saIz5mClEdVIst; saIz`mBlEdVIst/ n.
seize
/ si:z; siz/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) take hold of (sth), suddenly and violently; grab 抓住, 捉住（某物）; 攫取: an eagle seizing its prey 捉住猎物的　 * seize hold of sth 抓住某物 * She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕. * He seized the bag and ran off with it. 他把那个包抢跑了. (b) (of the police, customs, etc) take (stolen goods, illegal drugs, etc) away from sb （指警方、 海关等）扣押, 没收（赃物、 毒品等）: 20 kilos of heroin were seized yesterday at Heathrow. 昨日在希思罗机场扣押了20公斤的海洛因. (c) capture (sth); take 夺取（某物）; 占领; 获得: seize the airport in a surprise attack 突袭而占领机场 * The army has seized power. 军队夺取了政权.  2 [Tn] see (an opportunity, etc) and make use of it eagerly and at once 抓住, 把握（机会等）: seize the chance to make some money 抓住时机赚一些钱 * Seize any opening you can. 只要有机会就要抓住.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of a strong feeling, desire, etc) affect (sb) suddenly and overwhelmingly （指强烈的感情、 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）: Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状. * We were seized by a sudden impulse to run. 我们身不由己突然想跑.  4 (phr v) seize on/upon sth recognize sth and exploit it, use it, etc eagerly and at once 意识到某事物而立即加以利用: She seized on my suggestion and began work immediately. 她采纳了我的建议, 马上干了起来. * The critics seized on my mistake and said I was ignorant. 批评我的人抓住了我的错误就硬说我一无所知. seize up (of moving machinery) become stuck or jammed because of overheating, etc （指开动著的机器）卡住（因过热等所致）: Your engine will seize up if you don't put some more oil in. 你再不加些润滑油, 发动机就要卡住了. * (fig 比喻) My joints seize up in the cold weather. 天气寒冷, 我的关节都冻僵了.
seizure 
/ 5si:VE(r); `siVL/ n  1 (a) [U] act of seizing by force or legal authority 扣押; 没收: the seizure of contraband by Customs officers 海关官员对违禁品的扣押. (b) [C] instance of this 扣押; 没收: impressive seizures of drugs 轰动一时的毒品扣押案.  2 [C] sudden attack of apoplexy, etc （中风等的）发作.
seldom
/ 5seldEm; `sZldEm/ adv not often; rarely 不常; 罕见; 难得: I have seldom seen such brutality. 我很少见到这种暴行. * We seldom go out. 我们不常出门. * We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出. * The island is seldom, if ever, visited by ships. 这个岛难得有船停靠.
select
/ sI5lekt; sE`lZkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (as sth) choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable 选择, 挑选, 选拔（尤指最好的或最合适的）: select a gift, candidate, wine 挑选礼物、 候选人、 葡萄酒 * select a card from the rack 从架子上选择贺卡 * selected as the team leader 被选中作队长 * Who has been selected to take part in the project? 挑上谁来参与这项计画? =>Usage at choose 用法见 choose.
select 
adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] carefully chosen, esp as the best out of a larger group 仔细挑选的; （尤指）精选的: select passages of Milton's poetry 弥尔顿诗选.  2 (of a society, club, gathering, etc) admitting only certain people; exclusive （指会社、 俱乐部、 集会等）选择成员严格的: a select group of top scientists 最优秀科学家小组 * a film shown to a select audience 给内部观众放映的影片 * This area is very select, ie Only the most wealthy, respectable, etc people live here. 这个地方住的人很有来头（非富即贵的人住的地方）.
selector 
n  1 person who selects (eg members of a national team) 负责挑选的人（如挑选国家队队员的人）.  2 device that selects (eg the correct gear) 选择器（如选择适当排挡的）.
select committee 
(in the House of Commons) committee that checks the activities of a particular ministry or that is appointed to conduct a special investigation （下议院中的）特别委员会.
selection
/ sI5lekFn; sE`lZkFEn/ n  1 [U] selecting or being selected 挑选; 选择; 选拔: the selection of a football team 选拔足球队员 * I'm delighted about my selection as leader. 选中了我作领导, 十分欣喜. * [attrib 作定语] the selection process 选择的过程.  2 [C] (a) number of selected items or people 挑选出的事项或人: selections from 18th century English poetry 18世纪英国诗歌精选 * a selection of milk and plain chocolates 精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力. (b) number of items from which some can be selected 可供挑选的事项: a shop with a huge selection of paperbacks 有大量平装书可供选购的书店.
selection committee 
committee appointed to select eg the members of a sports team 选拔委员会（如选拔运动员的）.
selective
/ sI5lektIv; sE`lZktIv/ adj  1 using or based on selection 选择的; 选择性的: the selective training of recruits, ie the training of specially chosen recruits 对挑选出的新成员的培训 * a selective weed-killer, ie one that kills weeds but not other plants 选择性除草剂（专除杂草而不伤及其他植物的）.  2 ~ (about sb/sth) tending to choose carefully 挑拣的: I'm very selective about the people I associate with. 我与他人来往极慎重, 不滥交.
selectively 
adv.
selectivity 
/ 9sIlek5tIvEtI; sE9lZk`tIvEtI/ n [U]  1 quality of being selective 选择性.  2 the power of a radio to receive broadcasts from one station without interference from other stations （收音机排除干扰的）选择性能.
selective service 
(US) selection of people for compulsory military service 义务兵役.
selenium
/ sI5li:nIEm; sE`linIEm/ n [U] (chemistry 化) non-metallic element whose power to conduct electric current increases as the light reaching it becomes more intense 硒. =>App 10 见附录 10.
selenium cell 
cell containing a strip of selenium, used in photo-electric devices, eg the exposure meter of a camera 硒光电池（如照相机曝光计中的）.
self
/ self; sZlf/ n (pl selves / selvz; sZlvz/)  1 (a) [U] one's own nature, special qualities, etc; one's personality （个人的）本性, 本质; 自我; 自己: the commitment of the whole self to a relationship 对一种关系全身心的奉献 * analysis of the self 对自己的分析 * the conscious self 意识到的自我. (b) [C] particular part of one's nature 个人本性的某一方面: one's better self, ie one's generous qualities 个人好的一面 * By doing that he showed his true self, ie what he is really like. 他那样做显示了他的本性. * She's her old self again, ie has recovered her usual health, composure, etc. 她又恢复了老样子.  2 [U] one's own interest, advantage or pleasure 私利: You always put self first. 你总是把个人利益放在首位. * She has no thought of self, ie is always more concerned for other people. 她从不为自己打算.  3 [C] (commerce or fml or joc 商或文或谑) myself, yourself, himself, etc 我自己、 你自己、 他自己等: a cheque payable to self, ie to the person whose signature is on it 付给自己的支票 * Mr Jones, your good self (ie you) and I 琼斯先生, 您和我.  4 (idm 习语) a shadow of one's/its former self =>shadow.
self-
comb form 构词成分 of, to or by oneself or itself 自己的; 向自己; 由自己: ,self-control * ,self-addressed *,self-taught * ,self-closing `doors, ie ones that close automatically.
self-abnegation
/ 9self AbnI5geIFn; 9sZlf9AbnI`^eFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) = abnegation.
self-absorbed
/ 9self Eb5sR:bd; 9sZlfEb`sRrbd/ adj only concerned about or interested in oneself 只顾自己的: He's too self-absorbed to care about us. 他只顾自己, 不关心我们. 
self-absorption 
/ -Eb5sR:pFn; -Eb`sRrpFEn/ n [U].
self-abuse
/ 9self E5bju:s; 9sZlfE`bjus/ n [U] (euph 婉) masturbation 手淫.
self-addressed
/ 9self E5drest; 9sZlfE`drZst/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of an envelope that will be used for a reply) addressed to oneself （指回信信封）写有寄给自己的姓名地址的.
self-appointed
/ 9self E5pRIntId; 9sZlfE`pRIntId/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having decided to be sth, usu without the agreement of others 自封的（通常指未经他人认可的）: a self-appointed judge, expert, critic, etc 自封的裁判、 专家、 评论家等.
self-assembly
/ 9self E5semblI; 9sZlfE`sZmblI/ adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of furniture) that has to be fitted together by the buyer from a kit （尤指家具）顾客自己组装的.
self-assertive
/ 9self E5s\:tIv; 9sZlfE`s[tIv/ adj expressing one's views, demands, etc confidently 有信心表达自己的看法、 要求等的. 
self-assertion 
/ -E5s\:Fn; -E`s[FEn/ ,self-assertiveness ns [U].
self-assured
/ 9self E5FR:d; ?@ -5FUErd; 9sZlfE`FJrd/ adj = assured (assure). 
self-assurance 
/ -E5FR:rEns; ?@-FUEr-; -E`FJrEns/ n [U] = assurance1.
self-catering
/ 9self 5keItErIN; 9sZlf`ketErIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a holiday, accommodation, etc) during or in which one has to cook for oneself （指假日、 住宿等）自己举炊的: self-catering chalets 自己举火的度假木屋.
self-centred (US -centered) 
/ 9self 5sentEd; 9sZlf`sZntLd/ adj (derog 贬) thinking too much about oneself and too little about others 自我中心的: her self-centred attitude 她那自我中心的态度. 
self-centredness (US self-centeredness) 
n [U].
self-confessed
/ 9self kEn5fest; 9sZlfkEn`fZst/ adj [attrib 作定语] having confessed that one is (usu sth bad) 自己承认的; （通常指）自己坦白的: a ,self-confessed alcoholic, `liar, `thief, etc 自己承认的酒鬼、 说谎的人、 窃贼等.
self-confident
/ 9self 5kCnfIdEnt; `sZlf`kBnfEdEnt/ adj having confidence in oneself, one's abilities, etc 自信的: a self-confident person, manner, reply 自信的人、 态度、 回答 * learn to be more self-confident 锻炼得更加自信. 
self-confidence 
/ -dEns; -dEns/ n [U].
self-conscious
/ 9self 5kCnFEs; `sZlf`kBnFEs/ adj  1 seemingnervous or unnatural because one is worried about other people's opinions or reactions （因顾虑他人的看法或反应）忸怩的, 不自然的: a ,self-conscious `smile 局促不安的微笑 * be self-conscious about one's appearance 对自己的外貌很在意.  2 aware of one's own existence, thoughts and actions （对自己的存在、 思想和行为）自觉的. 
self-consciously 
adv. 
self-consciousness 
n [U].
self-contained
/ 9self kEn5teInd; 9sZlfkEn`tend/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp Brit) (of accommodation) having no shared facilities, and usu having its own private entrance （指住所）有独立设施的, （通常指）门户独立的: a ,self-contained `flat, maisonette, etc 有独立设施的公寓、 二层楼的公寓等.  2 (of a person) not needing the company of others; reserved （指人）不需与他人来往的, 拘谨的.
self-control
/ 9self kEn5trEUl; 9sZlfkEn`trol/ n [U] ability to control one's behaviour or not to show one's feelings 自制力; 控制感情的能力: show/exercise great self-control in moments of stress 在有压力时表现出[运用]很强的自制力 * lose one's self-control 失去控制感情的能力. 
self-controlled 
adj showing self-control 有自制力的; 喜怒不形於色的.
self-defeating
/ 9self dI5fi:tIN; 9sZlfdI`fitIN/ adj (of a course of action, etc) likely to achieve the opposite of what it should achieve （指步骤等）适得其反的: Punishing the demonstrators is self-defeating because it only encourages further demonstrations. 惩治示威群众可谓事与愿违, 因为这反而会激发起更多的示威游行.
self-defence
/ 9self dI5fens; 9sZlfdI`fZns/ n [U] defence of one's body, property, rights, etc 自卫: kill sb in self-defence, ie while defending oneself against attack 为自卫而杀死某人 * the art of self-defence, ie boxing, judo, etc 自卫术（如拳术、 柔道等）.
self-denial
/ 9self dI5naIEl; 9sZlfd`naIEl/ n [U] choosing not to do or have the things one would like to, esp as a religious practice 克己; （尤指宗教的）苦行.
self-determination
/ 9self dIt\:mI5neIFn; 9sZlfdI9t[mI`neFEn/ n [U] right of a nation, people, etc to decide what form of government it will have or whether it will be independent of another country or not （国家、 民族等的）自决权.
self-discipline
/ 9self 5dIsIplIn; 9sZlf`dIsEplIn/ n [U] (power of) controlling one's own desires, feelings, etc, usu so as to improve oneself 自律（力）; 自我约束（通常指为提高个人修养的）: an athlete's self-discipline 运动员的自律力 * Dieting demands self-discipline. 节食需有自我约束力.
self-drive
/ 9self 5draIv; 9sZlf`draIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit) (of a hired vehicle) driven by the hirer （指租赁的车）由承租人驾驶的: a ,self-drive `car, `van, etc 由承租人驾驶的汽车、 客货车等 * ,self-drive `hire 由承租人驾驶的汽车之租赁.
self-educated
/ 9self 5edVUkeItId; 9sZlf`ZdVE9ketId/ adj educated more by one's own efforts than by schools, teachers, etc 自我教育的; 自学的; 自修的.
self-effacing
/ 9self I5feIsIN; 9sZlfI`fesIN/ adj not trying to impress people; modest 不求闻达的; 谦逊的: She's brilliant but self-effacing. 她才华横溢而不露锋芒. 
self-effacement 
/ -I5feIsmEnt; -I`fesmEnt/ n [U].
self-employed
/ 9self Im5plRId; 9sZlfIm`plRId/ adj workingindependently for customers or clients and not for an employer 自己经营的; 个体户的. 
self-employment 
/ -Im5plRImEnt; -Im`plRImEnt/ n [U]: a person in self-employment 个体户.
self-esteem
/ 9self I5sti:m; 9sZlfE`stim/ n [U] good opinion of one's own character and abilities 自尊; 自负: high/low self-esteem 很强的[弱的]自尊心 * injure sb's self-esteem 伤某人的自尊心.
self-evident
/ 9self 5evIdEnt; 9sZlf`ZvIdEnt/ adj clear without any need for proof, explanation, or further evidence; obvious 不证自明的; 不言而喻的; 明显的: a,self-evident `truth, `statement, `fact 不证自明的真相、 不言而喻的说法、 明摆著的事实 * Her sincerity is self-evident. 她真心实意, 这是显而易见的.
self-explanatory
/ 9self Ik5splAnEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; 9sZlfIk`splAnE9tRrI/ adj without any need for (further) explanation; clear 毋需（多加）解释的; 清楚的: The diagram is self-explanatory. 该图表本身即很清楚.
self-help
/ 9self 5help; 9sZlf`hZlp/ n [U] use of one's own efforts, resources, etc to achieve things, without the help of others 自助; 自立: Self-help is an important element in therapy for the handicapped. 伤残人士在治疗中, 自助自立是个重要因素. * [attrib 作定语] a self-help group 自助小组.
self-important
/ 9self Im5pR:tEnt; 9sZlfIm`pRrtnt/ adj (derog 贬) thinking that one is much more important than one really is; pompous 自视过高的; 妄自尊大的. 
self-importance 
/ -tEns; -tns/ n [U].
self-imposed
/ 9self Im5pEUzd; 9sZlfIm`pozd/ adj (of a duty, task, etc) imposed upon oneself （指责任、 任务等）自愿承担的: a ,self-imposed `diet, `exile 自愿的节食、 自我流放.
self-indulgent
/ 9self In5dQldVEnt; 9sZlfIn`dQldVEnt/ adj (derog 贬) allowing oneself to do or have what one enjoys, instead of controlling one's desires, etc 放纵自己的: The novel is too long and self-indulgent. 这部小说冗长芜杂. 
self-indulgence 
/ -dVEns; -dVEns/ n [U]: a life of gross self-indulgence 极其放纵的生活.
self-interest
/ 9self 5IntrIst; 9sZlf`IntrIst/ n [U] (concern for) one's own interests or personal advantage 私利; 利己（之心）: do sth purely from/out of self-interest 纯粹从私利出发做某事.
self-locking
/ 9self5lCkIN; 9sZlf`lBkIN/ adj (eg of a door) locking automatically when closed （如指门）（关闭时）自动锁上的.
self-made
/ 9self 5meId; 9sZlf`med/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having become successful, rich, etc by one's own efforts 靠自己的努力而成功、 致富等的: a ,self-made `man/`woman 白手起家的男子[女子].
self-opinionated
/ 9self E5pInjEneItId; 9sZlfE`pInjE9netId/ adj (derog 贬) always wanting to express one's own strong views without considering that they could be wrong 固执己见的.
self-pity
/ 9self 5pItI; 9sZlf`pItI/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) pity for oneself 自怜: a letter full of complaints and self-pity 充满怨言和自怜的信.
self-portrait
/ 9self5pR:treIt, also -trIt; 9sZlf`pRrtret, -trEt/ n portrait of oneself 自画像: a self-portrait by Van Gogh 凡高的自画像 * (fig 比喻) The book's hero is a self-portrait of the author. 书中的主人公就是作者的自我写照.
self-possessed
/ 9self pE5zest; 9sZlfpE`zZst/ adj calm and confident, esp at times of stress or difficulty 冷静而自信的（尤指在有压力或困难时）: self-possessed in front of the TV cameras 在电视摄影机前泰然自若. 
self-possession 
/ -pE5zeFn; -pE`zZFEn/ n [U] calmness; composure 冷静; 沉著: keep/lose/regain one's self-possession 保持[不再有/恢复]冷静的情绪.
self-preservation
/ 9self prezE5veIFn; 9sZlf9prZzE`veFEn/ n [U] protection of oneself from harm or destruction; natural urge to survive 自我保护; 自身保存: the instinct for self-preservation 自我保存的本能.
self-raising flour
/ 9self reIzIN 5flaUE(r); 9sZlf9rezIN `flaJr/ (US self-rising flour / -5raIzIN; -9raIzIN/) flour containinga substance which makes dough rise during baking without needing baking-powder 自发面粉（已含酵母的）. Cf 参看 plain flour (plain1).
self-reliant
/ 9self rI5laIEnt; 9sZlfrI`laIEnt/ adj relying on one's own abilities and efforts; independent 依靠自己的; 独立的: too self-reliant to want to borrow from anyone 过甚依靠自己而不想借贷. 
self-reliance 
/ -5laIEns;-`laIEns/ n [U].
self-respect
/ 9selfrI5spekt; 9sZlfrI`spZkt/ n [U] feeling that one is behaving and thinking in ways that will not make one ashamed of oneself 自尊（心）; 自重: lose all self-respect 完全丧失自尊心.
self-respecting 
adj [attrib 作定语] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) having self-respect 有自尊心的: No self-respecting doctor would refuse to treat a sick person. 凡是有自尊心的医生都不会对病人置之不顾的.
self-righteous
/ 9self5raItFEs; 9sZlf`raItFEs/ adj (derog 贬) showing in a smug way that one believes that what one does, thinks, etc is right 自以为是的: a self-righteous person, attitude, remark 自以为是的人、 态度、 言语 * self-righteous anger, condemnation 自以为是的气愤、 指责. 
self-righteously 
adv. 
self-righteousness 
n [U].
self-rule
/ 9self5ru:l; 9sZlf`rul/ n [U] government of a people by its own representatives 自治.
self-sacrifice
/ 9self5sAkrIfaIs; 9sZlf`sAkrE9faIs/ n [U] giving up or willingness to give up things that one wants, in order to help others or for a good purpose 放弃个人利益; 自我牺牲精神: Her self-sacrifice saved our lives. 她以自我牺牲精神救了我们的性命. 
self-sacrificing 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语].
self-satisfied
/ 9self 5sAtIsfaId; 9sZlf`sAtIs9faId/ adj (derog贬) too pleased with oneself and one's own achievements; smug 沾沾自喜的; 自鸣得意的: a self-satisfied person, attitude, grin 得意忘形的人、 态度、 傻笑.
self-sealing
/ 9self5si:lIN; 9sZlf`silIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (usu of envelopes) that can be sealed by pressure only （通常指信封）压合封口的.
self-seeking
/ 9self5si:kIN; 9sZlf`sikIN/ adj, n (derog 贬) (having or showing) concern for one's own interests and advantage before those of others 先为自己打算的.
self-service
/ 9self5s\:vIs; 9sZlf`s[vIs/ n [U] system of service in a restaurant, filling-station, etc in which customers take what they want and pay a cashier for it（饭店、 加油站等的）自我服务, 自助式. 
self-service
adj: a ,self-service canteen 自助食堂 * Are these pumps self-service? 这些加油泵是自助式的吗?
self-starter
/ 9self5stB:tE(r); 9sZlf`stBrtL/ n  1 person showing initiative and not needing others to make himwork, etc 有主动性的人; 有积极性的人: The advertisementread `Young self-starter wanted as salesperson'. 广告称｀聘请有积极性的年轻人任推销员＇.  2 (dated 旧) (usu electrical) device for starting an engine （发动机的）（通常指电动的）自动起动器.
self-styled
/ 9self 5staIld; 9sZlf`staIld/ adj [attrib 作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) using a name, title, etc which one has given oneself, esp without having any right to do so 自封的; 自称的: the self-styled leader of the sect, Mr Baker 自封为这一宗派领袖的贝克先生 * The self-styled `Reverend' Harper is not a real clergyman at all. 这位自称｀教士＇的哈珀根本就不是真正的教士.
self-sufficient
/ 9self sE5fIFEnt; 9sZlfsE`fIFEnt/ adj ~ (in sth) able to fulfil one's own needs, without help from others 自给自足的: She's handicapped but very self-sufficient. 她身体有缺陷, 但很有自立的能力. * a countryself-sufficient in coal, ie producing all the coal it needs 煤炭自给自足的国家. 
self-sufficiency 
/ -FEnsI; -FEnsI/ n [U].
self-supporting
/ 9self sE5pR:tIN; 9sZlfsE`pRrtIN/ adj (eg of a person or a business) earning enough to support oneself or itself, without help from others （指人）自食其力的; （指生意）足以维持的.
self-willed
/ 9self5wIld; 9sZlf`wIld/ adj (derog 贬) determined to do what one wants; stubborn 任性的; 固执的: a troublesome ,self-willed `child 调皮捣蛋而又任性的孩子.
self-winding
/ 9self 5waIndIN; 9sZlf`waIndIN/ adj (of a watch) winding itself automatically from the movements of the wearer's wrist （指手表）自动的.
selfish
/ 5selfIF; `sZlfIF/ adj (derog 贬) thinking first of one's own interests, needs, etc without concern for others; not sharing what one has with others; (of an action) done from selfish motives 自私的; 不顾他人的; 不与他人共享的; （指行动）出於自私动机的: He's too selfish to think of lending me his car. 他很自私, 不想把汽车借给我. * a selfish refusal 出於自私动机的拒绝. 
selfishly 
adv. 
selfishness 
n [U].
selfless
/ 5selflIs; `sZlflIs/ adj (fml 文) thinking more of others' needs and welfare than of one's own; unselfish 无私的; 不自私的: selfless devotion to one's children 一心一意为自己的孩子. 
selflessly 
adv. 
selflessness
n [U].
selfsame
/ 5selfseIm; `sZlf9sem/ adj [attrib 作定语] (used after the, this, that, etc 用於the、 this、 that等之後) very same; identical 同一的; 完全相同的: She said the selfsame thing to me. 她对我讲的是完全一样的事情. * They were both born on that selfsame day. 他们俩都是那一天出生的.
sell
/ sel; sZl/ v (pt, pp sold / sEUld; sold/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) (at/for sth) give (goods, etc) to sb who becomes their owner after paying one money 卖; 售; 销: Can she be persuaded to sell (the house)? 能劝得她把房子卖了吗? * I won't sell to a stranger. 我不卖给生人. * sell (sth) at a high price, a loss, a discount 高价、 赔钱、 减价出售（某物） * sell (one's bike) for ￡80 以80英镑的价钱转让（自己的自行车） * sell sth by auction 拍卖某物 * sell sb into slavery, ie as a slave 把某人卖作奴隶 * I sold my car (to a friend) for  ￡750. 我把汽车以750英镑卖（给朋友）了. * Will you sell me your camera? 你把照相机卖给我行吗?  2 [Tn] (a) have a stock of (sth) for sale; be a dealer in (sth) 备有（某物）出售; 经销（某物）: a shop that sells fruit, clothes, electrical goods 出售水果、 服装、 电器的商店 * Do you sell stamps? 你们这儿卖邮票吗? (b) (of a salesperson) persuade people to buy (sth) （指推销员）推销（某物）: I sell insurance. 我是保险业推销员.  3 [Tn] make people want to buy (sth); cause (sth) to be sold 使人买（某物）; 将（某物）卖出: It is not price but quality that sells our shoes. 我们的鞋好卖不是因为价钱低而是因为质量好. * Her name will help to sell the film. 有她的名字, 这部影片就卖座. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 [I, Ipr, In/pr] ~ (at/for sth) be sold; find buyers 被出售; 有销路; 有人买: Will such a long novel sell? 这麽长的小说有人买吗? * The car is selling well. 这种汽车卖得很好. * Umbrellas sell best in winter. 雨伞在冬季最好卖. * The badges sell at 50p each. 这种纪念章50便士一个. * The group's record has sold millions. 他们的唱片已经售出了千千万万张了.  5 (infml 口) (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) make sb believe that sth/sb is good, useful, worth having, etc 使某人相信某事物[某人]好、 有用、 可取等: You'll never sell changes like that to the work-force. 那样的改革, 工人决不买你的帐. * a big poster campaign selling the new party 对这一新党派的大海报宣传活动 * You have to sell yourself (ie show that you are the most suitable applicant) at a job interview. 在接受求职面试时, 要毛遂自荐. (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb make sb believe that sth is true 使某人相信某事属实: sell sb an excuse, story, etc 使某人对一藉口、 一套说法等信以为真 * He tried to sell me a line about losing his wallet. 他一个劲儿地想让我相信他真把钱包丢了.  6 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ oneself (to sb) accept a bribe, reward, etc (from sb) for doing sth bad （从某人处）接受贿赂、 报酬等而做坏事: Are artists who work in advertising selling themselves? 艺术家做广告是不是作践自己? * The police had sold themselves to the gang leaders. 那些警察已卖身投靠匪首.  7 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (dated infml 旧, 口) cheat (sb) 欺骗（某人）: You've been sold again. That car you bought is a wreck. 你又上当了. 你买的那辆汽车是个废物.  8 (idm 习语) be sold on sth/sb (infml 口) be enthusiastic about sth/sb 看中某事物[某人]: I like the house but I'm not sold on the area. 我喜欢这所房子, 但相不中这个地区. be sold `out (of sth) have sold all the stock, tickets, etc 卖光存货、 票等: The match was completely sold out. 比赛的票已售清. * We're sold out of Sunday papers, sir. 先生, 星期日的报纸我们全卖光了. sell one's `body (rhet 修辞) work as a prostitute 卖身（卖淫）. sell sb down the `river (infml 口) betray sb, usu for one's own advantage 出卖某人（尤指为个人利益）. sell one's life `dearly (fml 文) kill or wound a number of one's enemies before being killed 杀伤若干敌人後死去. sell like hot cakes => hot. sell the pass betray one's cause or one's allies 背叛自己的事业或盟友. sell sb a `pup (infml 口) sell sb sth that is worthless, or worth less than the price paid 卖给某人不值钱的或不值那麽多钱的东西: You've been sold a pup -- that house is nearly falling down! 你上当了--那所房子都要塌了! sell sth/sb `short (a) (commerce 商) sell (shares, etc) that one does not yet own in the hope of being able to buy them soon at a lower price 以买空卖空方式卖（股票等）. (b) not recognize the true value of sth/sb/oneself 认识不到某事物[某人/自己]的真实价值: Don't sell her short: she's very gifted in some areas. 别小看她, 她有些方面很有天赋. (c) cheat sb in value or quantity 在质或量方面欺骗某人. sell one's `soul (to the devil) do sth dishonourable or unworthy in return for money, fame, etc （为名利等）出卖灵魂, 做不名誉的或不合身分的事: She'd sell her soul to get the job. 她为了得到那份工作可以出卖灵魂.  9 (phr v) sell sth off sell (esp items which are unwanted or have not sold well) often at very low prices 甩卖（尤指要处理的或滞销的货物）: sell off old stock 甩卖旧存货. sell out be all sold 售完: The show has sold out, ie There are no tickets left. 演出的票已售清. sell out (of sth) sell one's whole supply of sth 售完某物的全部现货: We've sold out (of milk) but we'll be getting some more in later. 我们（的牛奶）都卖光了, 但还要陆续进货. sell out (to sb) betray one's principles 背弃自己的宗旨: She's sold out and left the party. 她背弃了原有信仰而脱党了. sell (sth) out (to sb) sell all or part of (one's share in a business) 出卖全部或部分（股份）: She had decided to sell out (her share of the company) and retire. 她已决定卖掉她的公司股份然後退休. sell sb out betray sb 背叛某人: They've sold us out by agreeing to work during the strike. 他们背叛了我们, 竟同意罢工期间仍上班. sell (sth) up sell (all one's property, one's home, etc) eg when leaving the country or retiring 卖掉（全部家产等）（如於出国或退休时）.
sell 
n [sing]  1 (infml 口) deception; disappointment 欺骗; 失望: It's a real sell: the food seems cheap but you pay extra for vegetables. 真骗人, 饭食好像很便宜, 可是吃菜还得另付钱呢.  2 (idm 习语) the hard/soft `sell aggressive/persuasive way of selling sth 硬[软]推销术（以死缠[劝诱]方式推销）: They're certainly giving the book the hard sell, with advertisements every night on TV. 他们用硬推销术宣传这本书, 每天晚上都在电视上卖广告.
sell-by date 
date (esp one marked on food products) by which sth must be sold in shops （商店中的）某物必须售出的截止日期（尤指标在食品上的）.
selling-point 
n feature of sth that makes it attractive to buyers （吸引顾客的）商品特色: Double glazing is often a good selling-point for houses. 镶有双层玻璃门窗的房子往往好出售.
selling price 
price to be paid by the customer 售价. Cf 参看 cost price (cost2).
sell-out 
n  1 event (eg a concert) for which all the tickets have been sold 满座的演出（如音乐会）.  2 (infml 口) betrayal 背叛: The agreement is a compromise, not a sell-out. 这个协议是双方妥协的产物而不是一方让步.
sell
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare sell, vend, peddle, push and flog. 试比较sell、 vend、 peddle、 push、 flog这几个词.  1 Sell is the most general verb, meaning `give in exchange for money' *sell使用最广, 意为｀拿东西换钱＇: They are selling their house and moving to the country. 他们打算把房子卖掉, 搬到乡下去. * Do you sell magazines here? 你们这儿卖杂志吗?2 Vend is formal and indicates the selling of small articles. *vend较文, 指出售小件商品. The noun vendor is much more common than the verb 由这个动词派生出的名词vendor, 比其动词本身较为常用: a street vendor, a news-vendor 街上的摊贩、 报贩. It is also a legal term used especially in the selling of a house *vendor还是个法律术语, 用以指房产的卖方: The vendor signs a contract with the purchaser. 卖方须与买方签订契约. Vending-machine is also common and is a coin-operated slot machine for the sale of small items. *vending-machine也较常用, 是一种投币式出售小商品的自动售货机.  3 Peddle indicates the selling of small, inexpensive goods by going from house to house *peddle指挨门挨户地推销廉价的小商品: He peddled small household articles around the town. 他在城里挨家挨户兜售日用百货.  4 Push is informal and is used for the selling of illegal drugs *push是口语用词, 指出售违禁毒品: He was caught pushing heroin to schoolchildren. 他在向小学生贩卖海洛因时被捕.  5 Flog is slang. *flog是俚语用词. It often suggests that what is to be sold is of little value, possibly stolen and therefore difficult to sell 这个词常指出售的东西无甚价值, 或可为赃物, 故难以售出: He tried to flog me a broken TV set. 他一个劲儿向我兜售一个破电视机.
seller
/ 5selE(r); `sZlL/ n  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who sells 卖者; 卖方: a `bookseller 书商 * the buyer and the seller 买方和卖方.  2 (esp following an adj 尤用於形容词之後) item that is sold (esp in the manner specified) 售出之物（尤指以修饰词语描述之方式售出）: This model is a poor seller, ie Not many have been sold. 这种型号的不好卖. * This dictionary is a best seller. 这部词典是畅销书.
seller's market 
situation in which goods are in demand, so that sellers have an advantage 卖方市场（供不应求而有利卖方的）: It's a seller's market for vintage cars, ie Many people will pay high prices for them. 1917年到1930年制造的汽车有卖方市场（很多人愿高价收购）.
Sellotape
/ 5selEUteIp; `sZlo9tep/ n [U] (Brit propr 专利名) (also sticky tape) (usu transparent) cellulose or plastic sticky tape （通常为透明的）胶带: mend a torn map with Sellotape 用透明胶带修补破损的地图.
sellotape 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] stick Sellotape on (sth); mend or fix (sth) with Sellotape 用（透明）胶带粘、 贴或修补（某物）: sellotape the parcel (up) 用胶带把包裹粘好 * sellotape torn pieces of paper (together) 用透明胶带把碎纸粘在一起 * sellotape a notice to the wall 用胶带把通知贴在墙上.
selvage (also selvedge) 
/ 5selvIdV; `sZlvIdV/ n edge of cloth woven so that it will not unravel or fray （布的）织边.
selves
pl of self.
semantic
/ sI5mAntIk; sE`mAntIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the meaning of words; of semantics 语义的; 语义学的: the semantic content of a sentence 句子的含义.
semantics 
n [sing v] branch of linguistics dealing with the meanings of words and sentences 语义学.
semaphore
/ 5semEfR:(r); `sZmE9fRr/ n 1 [U] system of sending signals by holding the arms or two flags in certain positions to indicate letters of the alphabet 旗语: send a message by semaphore 用旗语发送信息.  2 [C] device with red and green lights on mechanically moved arms, used for signalling on railways （铁路的）臂板信号机.
semaphore 
v [I, Tn, Tf, Dpr.f, Dpr.w, Dpr.t nopassive 不用於被动语态] send (messages) by semaphore 用旗语发送（信息）: semaphore (to sb) that help is needed/to send help （向某人）打旗语求救.
semblance
/ 5semblEns; `sZmblEns/ n [sing, U] ~ of sth appearance of being sth; likeness to sth 外表; 外观; 外貌; 与某物相似: put on a semblance of cheerfulness 装出愉快的样子 * bring the meeting to some semblance of order 把会议维持得像是有些秩序的样子.
semen
/ 5si:men; `simEn/ n [U] whitish fluid containing sperm produced by male animals 精液.
seminal 
/ 5semInl; `sZmEnl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of seed or semen 种子的; 精液的: the seminal fluid 精液 * a seminal duct 精管.  2 (fig often approv 比喻, 常作褒义) strongly influencing later developments 对以後发展有巨大影响的: a seminal idea, essay, speech 有巨大影响的思想、 文章、 讲话 * Her theories were seminal for educational reform. 她的理论对教育改革影响很大.
semester
/ sI5mestE(r); sE`mZstL/ n (esp in US universities and colleges) either of the two divisions of the academic year （尤指美国的大专院校的）学期（半学年）: the summer/winter semester 夏季[冬季]学期. Cf 参看 term 3.
semi
/ 5semI; `sZmI/ n (pl semis / 5semIz; `sZmIz/ ) (Brit infml 口) semi-detached house 半独立式住宅.
semi-
pref 前缀 (used fairly widely with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词连用, 使用很广) half; partially 半; 部分: semicircular * semi-detached * semifinal.
semi-conscious
/ 9semI5kCnFEs; 9sZmI`kBnFEs/ adj partly conscious 半清醒的; 半意识的: a semi-conscious patient recovering from an anaesthetic 经麻醉後逐渐恢复的半清醒的病人.
semi-detached
/ 9semI dI5tAtFt; 9sZmIdI`tAtFt/ adj (of a house) joined to another house by one shared wall （指房子）与另一所房子共用一堵墙的, 半独立式的. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page vi.
semi-skilled
/ 9semI 5skIld; 9sZmI`skIld/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a worker) having some special training or qualifications, but less than a skilled worker; (of work) for such a worker （指工作者）半熟练的; （指工作）为半熟练工作者的: a ,semi-skilled machine operator, `job 半熟练机床工人、 半熟练工人的工作.
semibreve
/ 5semIbri:v; `sZmI9briv/ n (US `whole note) the longest written musical note in common use, equal to two minims in length 全音符. =>illus at music 见 music 插图.
semicircle
/ 5semIs\:kl; `sZmI9s[kl/ n half of a circle or of its circumference; thing arranged like this 半圆形; 半圆形的周长; 半圆形的东西: a semicircle of chairs 排列成半圆形的椅子 * sitting in a semicircle round the fire 围著火坐成半圈. => illus at circle 见 circle 插图.
semicircular 
/ 9semI5s\:kjUlE(r); 9sZmI`s[kjElL/ adj having the shape of a semicircle 半圆形的.
semicolon
/ 9semI5kEUlEn; ?@ 5semIk-; `sZmI9kolEn/ n the punctuation mark (;) used in writing and printing, between a comma and a full stop in value 分号（; ）. =>App 3 见附录 3. Cf 参看 colon2.
semiconductor
/ 9semIkEn5dQktE(r); 9sZmIkEn`dQktL/ n substance that conducts electricity in certain conditions, but not as well as metals 半导体.
semifinal
/ 9semI5faInl; 9sZmI`faInEl/ n match or round preceding the final, eg in football 半决赛（如足球赛的）.
semifinalist 
/ -5faInElIst; -`faInElIst/ n person or team taking part in a semifinal 参加半决赛的人或队.
seminal
=> semen.
seminar
/ 5semInB:(r); `sZmE9nBr/ n small group of students at a university, etc meeting to discuss or study a particular topic with a teacher （大学生与教师的）（专题）研讨会.
seminary
/ 5semInErI ; ?@ -nerI; `sZmE9nZrI/ n  1 college for training priests or rabbis 神学院.  2 (dated fml 旧, 文) school for older children or young people 中等学校: a seminary for young ladies 女子中学.
seminarist 
/ 5semInErIst; `sZmE9nZrIst/ n person studying at a seminary 神学院学生; 中学生.
semiotics
/ 9semI5CtIks; 9sZmI`BtIks/ n [sing v] study of signs and symbols, esp in writing, and of what they mean and how they are used 符号学（研究符号和符号使用行为的学科）.
semiprecious
/ 9semI5preFEs; 9sZmI`prZFEs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a gem) less valuable than a precious stone （指宝石）半宝石的, 次贵重的.
semiquaver
/ 5semIkweIvE(r); `sZmI9kwevL/ n (US six `teenth note) musical note equal to half a quaver 十六分音符. =>illus at music 见 music 插图.
Semite
/ 5si:maIt; `simaIt/ n member of the group of races including the Jews and Arabs, and formerly the Phoenicians and Assyrians 闪米特人（包括犹太人和阿拉伯人以及从前的腓尼基人和亚述人）. 
Semitic
/ sI5mItIk; sE`mItIk/ adj: Semitic languages, tribes 闪米特语言、 部族.
semitone
/ 5semItEUn; `sZmI9ton/ n (US `half tone) half of a tone on the musical scale 半音.
semitropical
/ 9semI5trCpIkl; 9sZmI`trBpIkEl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of regions) near but not in the tropics （指地区）亚热带的, 副热带的, 半热带的: ,semitropical `weather, vegetation, `countries 亚热带的天气、 植物、 国家.
semivowel
/ 5semIvaUEl; `sZmI9vaJEl/ n (letter representing a) sound like a vowel that functions as a consonant, eg / w/, / j/ 半元音（字母）（如 / w/、 /j/）.
semolina
/ 9semE5li:nE; 9sZmE`linE/ n [U] hard grains of wheat left after it has been ground and sifted, used for making pasta, milk puddings, etc 粗粒面粉（精制硬小麦粗粉, 用於制作意大利面食、 牛奶布丁等）: [attrib 作定语] semolina pudding 粗粒面粉布丁.
sempstress
/ 5semstrIs; `sZmstrIs/ n (Brit) = seamstress.
SEN
/ 9es i: 5en; 9Zs i `Zn/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Enrolled Nurse (with 2 years' training): be an SEN 为国家登记护士 * Judy Green SEN 朱迪·格林, 国家登记护士. Cf 参看 SRN.
Sen
abbr 缩写 =  1 Senate.  2 Senator: Sen John K Nordqvist 约翰·K·诺德维斯参议员.  3 (also Snr, Sr) Senior: John F Davis Sen, ie to distinguish him from his son with the same name 老约翰·F·戴维斯（用以区别同名的儿子）. Cf 参看 Jnr.
senate
/ 5senIt; `sZnIt/ n (often 常作 Senate)  1 [CGp] upper house of the law-making assembly in some countries, eg France, the US and Australia 参议院（如法国、 美国、 澳大利亚的）: [attrib 作定语] a Senate committee, decision 参议院委员会、 决议. Cf 参看 congress 2, the House of Representatives (house1).  2 [CGp] governing council of certain universities （某些大学的）教务委员会, 理事会.  3 [Gp] (in ancient Rome) highest council of state （古罗马的）元老院.
senator 
/ 5senEtE(r); `sZnEtL/ n (often 常作 Senator, abbr 缩写 Sen) member of the senate 参议员. 
senatorial 
/ 9senE5tR:rIEl; 9sZnE`tRrIEl/ adj [attrib 作定语]: senatorial rank, powers, office 参议员的级别、 权力、 办事处.
send
/ send; sZnd/ v (pt, pp sent / sent; sZnt/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb/sth) cause sth/sb to go or be taken without going oneself 送或寄某物; 派或遣某人: send a letter, telegram, message, etc 寄信、 发电报、 传送信息 * send goods, documents, information 发送货物、 文件、 资料 * I've sent the children to bed. 我把孩子打发上床了. * Send out the invitations to the party. 发出宴会的请帖. * His mother sent him to the shop to get some bread. 他母亲让他去商店买些面包. * We sent him a letter/We sent a letter to him. 我们给他寄了一封信.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) transmit (a signal, etc) by radio waves 用无线电波发送（信号）: The radio operator sent (out) an appeal for help to headquarters. 无线电报务员向司令部发出求救信号.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.g] cause (sth) to move sharply or quickly, often by force 使（某物）猛然或迅速移动（常指靠外力）: Whenever he moved, the wound sent pains all along his arm. 他只要一动, 伤口就连带整个胳膊都疼. * Space rockets are being sent up all the time. 现在随时都有火箭发射. * She bumped against the table and sent the crockery crashing to the ground, ie knocked it to the ground. 她碰到了桌子, 把杯子、 盘子都撞碎在地上了. * The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们轰得东奔西逃. * (fig 比喻) The difficult word sent me to my dictionary, ie to find its meaning. 这个词把我难住了, 只好去查词典. * The bad weather has sent vegetable prices up. 天气不好, 影响到蔬菜价格上涨. * The storm sent the temperature down. 暴风雨袭来, 气温随之下降.  4 (a) [Cn.a] cause (sb) to become 使（某人）变得: send sb mad/crazy/insane/berserk 使某人发疯[发狂/神经失常/勃然大怒]. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb to/into sth make sb enter a specified state 使某人进入某种状态: send sb to sleep 使某人入睡 * send sb into a rage, a frenzy, fits of laughter 使某人大怒、 发狂、 哈哈大笑 * The news sent the Stock Exchange into a panic. 这个消息把证券交易所里的人吓得惊慌失措.  5 [It] (fml 文) send a message 发出信息: She sent to say that she was safe and well. 她送来消息说她安然无恙.  6 [Tn] (dated infml 旧, 口) excite (sb); thrill 使（某人）兴奋; 使激动: That music really sends me! 我听到这种音乐非常兴奋!  7 (idm 习语) give/send sb one's love => love1. send sb about his business = send sb packing. send sb/sth flying hit or knock sb/sth so that he/it falls over or backwards 将某人[某物]打倒、 打翻或打得向後退: The blow sent him flying. 这一击把他打倒了. send things flying cause things to be thrown violently in all directions 使东西被抛向各处. send sb `packing (infml 口) tell sb (roughly or rudely) to go away （粗暴地）叫某人走开: She tried to interfere, but I sent her packing! 她想多管闲事, 我把她赶走了! send sb to `Coventry refuse to speak to sb, esp as a punishment by other members of a group 拒不与某人谈话（尤指集体以此惩罚某人）: Men who refused to strike were sent to Coventry by their colleagues. 凡是不参加罢工的人, 同事都不理睬他们.  8 (phr v) send away (to sb) (for sth) = send off (for sth). send sb down (Brit) (a) expel (a student) from a university （大学中）开除（某学生）. (b) (infml 口) sentence sb to imprisonment 判某人入狱: He was sent down for ten years for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫被判入狱十年. send for sth; send for sb (to do sth) ask or order that sth be brought or delivered, or that sb should come 要求或指示将某物取来或送到, 或使某人来到: send for a fresh supply of paper 要求再送些纸来 * send for a taxi, an ambulance, a doctor 找计程车、 叫救护车、 请医生来 * send for sb to repair the TV 请人来修理电视机. send sb in order sb to go to a place in order to deal with a situation 指示某人去某地处理某局面: Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots. 已派士兵去镇压动乱. send sth in send sth by post to a place where it will be dealt with 将某物寄至某处进行处理: Have you sent in your application for the job? 你的求职申请书寄出去了吗? send off (for sth) write to sb to ask for sth to be sent to one by post 写信要求某人将某物寄来: I've sent off for those bulbs I saw advertised in the paper. 我已写信订购我在报纸广告上看到的那种灯泡. send sb off (Brit) (of a referee, etc) send a footballer, etc off the playing field for breaking the rules of play （指裁判等）将犯规的足球运动员等判罚下场. send sth off send sth by post; dispatch sth 寄出或发出某物: Have you sent that letter off yet? There's something I want to add to it. 你把那封信寄出去了吗? 我还想再附上一句话. send sth out (a) give sth out from itself; emit sth 从某事物本身发出或放出某事物; 射出某物: The sun sends out light and warmth. 太阳不断放出光和热. (b) produce sth 生出或长出某物: The trees send out new leaves in spring. 树在春天长出新叶子. send sb to.... cause sb to attend a particular place or institution 使某人进入某处或某机构: They send their daughter to one of the best schools in the country. 他们把女儿送进国内最好的学校. * He was sent to hospital/to prison. 他被送进医院[监狱]. send sb up (US infml 口) send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱. send sb/sth up (Brit infml 口) make fun of sb/sth, esp by copying in a comical way 取笑某人[某事物]（尤指用滑稽的模仿方式）: comedians who send up members of the government用滑稽模仿动作取笑政府官员的喜剧演员 * Bill is constantly being sent up by his children. 比尔经常遭自己孩子耍笑.
send-off 
n act of saying goodbye to sb 送行; 送别: She was given a good send-off at the airport. 她在飞机场受到了热情的欢送.
send-up 
n imitation intended to make fun of sth or sb 旨在取笑的模仿: Her book is a hilarious send-up of a conventional spy story. 她写的书用的是取笑传统侦探小说的笔法, 令人捧腹.
sender
/ 5sendE(r); `sZndL/ n person who sends 发送或邮寄物品的人: If undelivered, return to sender, eg on a letter. 若无法投递, 请退还寄件人（如信件上的字样）.
senescent
/ sI5nesnt; sE`nZsnt/ adj (fml or medical 文或医) becoming old 衰老的; 变老的.
senescence 
/ sI5nesns; sE`nZsns/ n [U] (fml or medical 文或医) process of becoming old 衰老的过程.
senile
/ 5si:naIl; `sinaIl/ adj suffering from bodily or mental weakness because of old age 衰老的: He keeps forgetting things: I think he's getting senile. 他总忘事, 我看他是老了.
senility 
/ sI5nIlEtI; sE`nIlEtI/ n [U] state of being senile 衰老的状态.
senile dementia 
/ 9si:naIl dI5menFE; 9sinaIl dI`mZnFE/ illness of old people resulting in loss of memory, loss of control of bodily functions, etc 老年痴呆.
senior
/ 5si:nIE(r); `sinjL/ adj  1 ~ (to sb) (a) older 较年长的: He is ten years senior to me. 他比我大十岁. (b) higher in rank, authority, etc （级别、 权位等）较高的: There are separate rooms for senior and junior officers. 高级军官和下级军官的房间是分著的. * He is the senior partner in (ie the head of) the firm. 他是公司的老板. (c) having been in a job, etc longer （做某工作等）年资较深的: She is senior to me, since she joined the firm before me. 她比我资格老, 因为她加入公司比我早.2 (often 常作 Senior, abbr 缩写 Sen) (placed immediately after sb's name 置於姓名之後) being the parent of sb with the same name （父或母与子女同名情况下的）父或母: John Brown Senior 老约翰·布朗. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of a school) for children over the age of 11 （指学校）高年级的（学生年龄在11岁以上的）. Cf 参看 junior.
senior 
n  1 senior person 较年长的人: She is my senior by two years/two years my senior, ie is two years older than me. 她比我大两岁.  2 member of a senior school 高年级学生: a football match between the juniors and the seniors 低年级学生和高年级学生之间的足球赛.  3 (US) student in the year before graduation from a high school or college （中学或大学的）毕业班的学生: [attrib 作定语] her senior year at college 她在大学毕业班那一年.
seniority 
/ 9si:nI5CrEtI; ?@ -5R:r-; sin`jRrEtI/ n [U]  1 being senior in age, rank, etc 年长; 级别高; 资格老: Should promotion be through merit or seniority? 晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资?  2 extent to which sb is senior 年长、 级别高或资格老的程度: a doctor with five years' seniority over his colleague 比同事多五年资历的医生.
senior citizen 
(euph 婉) old or retired person 老人; 退休的人.
senna
/ 5senE; `sZnE/ n [U] dried leaves of a tropical plant, used as a laxative 旃那叶, 山扁豆叶, 番泻叶（热带一种植物的乾叶, 用作通便剂）. 
senor
/ se5njR:(r); sen`jRr/ n (pl senores / se5njR:reIz; se`njRrez/) (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senor) (title of a) Spanish-speaking man; Mr or sir 说西班牙语的男子; （对说西班牙语男子的称呼）先生（相当於 Mr 或 sir）.
senora 
/ se5njR:rE; sen`jRrE/ n (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senora) (title of a) Spanish-speaking woman; Mrs or madam 说西班牙语的女子; （对说西班牙语女子的称呼）夫人, 太太（相当於 Mrs 或 madam）.
senorita 
/ 9senjR:5ri:tE; 9senjE`ritE/ n (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senorita) (title of an) unmarried Spanish-speaking woman or girl; Miss or madam 说西班牙语的未婚女子; （对说西班牙语未婚女子的称呼）小姐（相当於 Miss 或 madam）.
sensation
/ sen5seIFn; sZn`seFEn/ n  1 (a) [C] feeling in one's body resulting from sth that happens or is done to it 感觉; 感受: a sensation of warmth, dizziness, falling 温暖、 眩晕、 下降的感觉 * Massage produces wonderful sensations. 按摩可产生舒适的感觉. (b) [C] general awareness or impression not caused by anything that can be seen or defined 下意识的感觉: I had the sensation that I was being watched. 我觉得有人监视著我. (c) [U] ability to feel through the sense of touch 知觉; 触觉: lose all sensation in one's legs 腿部完全失去知觉 * Some sensation is coming back to my arm. 我的胳膊逐渐恢复一些知觉.  2 [C, U] state of great surprise, excitement, interest, etc among many people 轰动; 群情激动: The news caused a great sensation. 这个消息十分轰动. * (derog 贬) Sensation-seeking newspapers tried to cash in on her misery. 专登危言耸听内容的报纸竭力渲染她的苦境来卖钱.
sensational 
/ -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj  1 (a) causing a sensation(2) 轰动的; 群情激动的: a sensational crime, victory, etc 骇人听闻的罪案、 轰轰烈烈的胜利. (b) (derog 贬) trying to cause a sensation(2) 耸人听闻的: a sensational newspaper, writer 刊登耸动视听消息的报纸、 写耸人听闻内容的作家.  2 (infml 口) extraordinarily good; wonderful 极好的; 绝妙的: You look sensational in that dress. 你穿著那件连衣裙漂亮极了. * That music is sensational! 这段乐曲太优美了! 
sensationalism
/ -FEnElIzEm; -FEnl9IzEm/ n [U] (derog 贬) deliberate use of shocking words, scandalous stories, etc in order to produce a sensation(2) 为耸动视听而使用的词语、 描绘的丑事等: Avoid sensationalism in reporting crime.报道罪案时要避免使用耸动视听的手段. * the sensationalism of the popular press 为大众服务的新闻界所使用的耸动视听的做法. 
sensationalist 
/ -FEnElIst; -FEnlIst/ n. 
sensationalize, sensationalise 
/ -FEnElaIz; -FEnE9laIz/ v [Tn] (derog 贬) treat (sth) in a way that is likely to cause public excitement 用耸动视听的方法处理（某事物）: a sensationalized account of a squalid crime 用耸人听闻的方式描绘的卑劣罪行. 
sensationally 
/ -FEnElI;-FEnlI/ adv: Newspapers reported the incident sensationally, making it appear worse than it really was. 报纸大肆渲染这件事, 描述得更不像话.
sense
/ sens; sZns/ n  1 [C] any of the five powers of the body by which a person, an animal, etc receives knowledge of things in the world around, ie sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch 感觉官能; 视觉; 听觉; 嗅觉; 味觉; 触觉: the five senses 五种感觉官能 * have a keen sense of hearing 听觉灵敏.  2 [U, sing] (a) appreciation or understanding of the value or worth of sth （对价值的）辨别, 理解, 领悟: a sense of the (ie the ability to know what is) absurd, ridiculous, etc 对荒唐、 可笑等事物的识别力 * not have much sense of humour, ie a liking for jokes, funny situations, etc 没什麽幽默感 * a person with no sense of direction, ie who cannot find his way easily 无方向感的人. (b) consciousness of sth; awareness 觉察; 觉悟: a sense of one's own importance, worth, etc 对自身的重要性、 价值等的觉察 * have no sense of shame, guilt, etc 无羞耻心、 无罪恶感 * feel a sense of security in her arms 在她怀里感到安全.  3 [U] ability to make reasonable judgements; practical wisdom 识别力; 常识; 见识: have the sense to come in out of the rain 懂得进来避雨 * There's a lot of sense in what she says. 她说的话很有见地.  4 senses [pl] normal state of mind; ability to think 健全的心智; 思维的能力: lose/regain one's senses 失去[恢复]理智.  5 [U] reason; purpose 道理; 目的: What's the sense of doing that? 为什麽要做那件事呢? * There's no sense in going alone, ie It would be better not to. 一个人去没有好处.  6 [C] (a) meaning of a word, phrase, etc （词语等的）意义: a word with several senses 有几个意思的词 * The sense of the word is not clear. 这个词的意思不清楚. (b) way in which a word, sentence, etc is to be understood （词句等）被理解的意义: in the strict/literal/figurative sense of the expression 按照严格的[字面的/比喻的]意义来说 * I am a worker only in the sense that I work; I don't get paid for what I do. 我是工作人员, 这是仅就我做工作而言的; 我并无报酬.  7 [sing] the ~ of sth (fml 文) general feeling or opinion among a group of people （集体的）普遍感觉或意见: The sense of the meeting was (ie Most people present thought) that he should resign. 与会者普遍认为他应该辞职.  8 (idm 习语) beat, knock, drive, etc (some) sense into sb (infml 口) change sb's behaviour, views, etc by severe or sometimes violent methods 改变某人的行为、 看法等（用严厉的, 有时为粗暴的方式）: She's a wild uncontrollable girl, but that new school should knock some sense into her. 她是个很不听话的女孩儿, 那所新学校应该能管管她了. bring sb to his/come to one's `senses (a) (make sb) stop behaving foolishly or irrationally （使某人）不再做傻事或不理智的事: He was finally brought to his senses and agreed to let the hostages go. 他最後恢复些理智, 同意释放人质. (b) wake (sb) up from unconsciousness 使（某人）苏醒: When I came to my senses, I was lying on the floor. 我苏醒过来的时候是在地板上躺著呢. in a `sense if the statement, etc is understood in a particular way 在某种意义上: What you say is true in a sense. 你的话在某种意义上属实. in one's `senses in one's normal state of mind; sensible 头脑健全; 神志清醒: No one in their right senses would let a small child go out alone. 凡是有理智的人, 谁都不会让那麽小的孩子独自出门. make `sense (a) have an understandable meaning 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通: What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理. * These words are jumbled up and don't make sense. 这些词藻堆砌在一起讲不通. (b) be sensible 是明智的; 是合情理的: It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 这些便宜的大衣也很好, 何必非买那件贵的不可. * It would make sense to leave early. 还是早点儿走好. make sense of sth understand sth difficult or apparently meaningless 理解或弄懂困难的或似无法理解的事物: Can you make sense of this poem? 你看得懂这首诗吗? out of one's `senses not in one's normal state of mind; foolish 精神不正常; 愚蠢: You sold it? You must be out of your senses! 你把它卖了? 你简直是疯了! see `sense start to be sensible 明白事理: I hope she soon sees sense and stops fighting a battle she cannot win. 我希望她能很快明白过来, 别再打这场打不赢的仗了. a sense of occasion special feeling produced in sb by a special event, etc 遇到某种情况而产生的某种感觉. a sixth sense awareness of things one cannot actually see, hear, etc 第六感觉; 第六感官: A sixth sense told her that he would be waiting for her when she got home. 她有一种第六感觉, 就是她到家时他一定在那儿等候她呢. take leave of one's senses => leave2. talk sense =>talk2.
sense 
v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] become aware of (sth); feel 意识到（某事物）; 感觉到: sense sb's sorrow, hostility, etc 感觉到某人的忧愁、 敌意等 * Although she didn't say anything, I sensed (that) she didn't like the idea. 她虽然什麽也没说, 但我已意识到她不喜欢这个主意.  2 [Tn] (of a machine, etc) detect (sth) （指机器等）检测出（某事物）: an apparatus that senses the presence of toxic gases 能检测出有毒气体存在的仪器.
sense-organ 
bodily organ, eg the ear or the eye, by which the body becomes aware of what is happening around it 感觉器官（如耳朵、 眼睛）
senseless
/ 5senslIs; `sZnslIs/ adj  1 pointless; foolish 无意义的; 无针对性的; 愚蠢的: a senseless idea, action 愚蠢的主意、 行为 * I condemn this senseless violence. 我谴责这种无谓的暴行. * It would be senseless to continue any further. 再继续下去就没意义了.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] unconscious 失去知觉; 无感觉: fall senseless to the ground 倒在地上不省人事. 
senselessly 
adv. 
senselessness 
n [U].
sensibility
/ 9sensE5bIlEtI; 9sZnsE`bIlEtI/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ability to receive and appreciate delicate impressions; sensitivity 识别力; 敏感性; 灵敏度: the sensibility of a poet 诗人的鉴赏力 * a man of subtle andrefined sensibilities 感情细腻的男子.  2 sensibilities [pl]capacity for being easily offended or shocked （易生气或易受刺激的）感情: wound/offend/outrage readers' sensibilities 伤害[挫伤/触怒]读者的感情.
sensible
/ 5sensEbl; `sZnsEbl/ adj  1 (a) (approv 褒) having or showing good sense(3); reasonable 识别力强的; 合理的: a sensible person, idea, course of action, suggestion 通情达理的人、 主意、 做法、 建议 * It was sensible of you to lock the door. 你把门锁上了, 做得对. (b) [attrib 作定语] (of clothing, etc) practical rather than fashionable （指衣著等）实用而不时髦的: wear sensible shoes for long walks 为走长路而穿舒适的鞋.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) aware of sth 觉察到某事物: Are you sensible of the dangers of your position? 你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗?  3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) that can be perceived by the senses (sense1); perceptible 可感觉到的: a sensible rise in temperature 可以感觉到的温度升高.
sensibly 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv in a sensible(1) way 有识别力地; 合情理地: sensibly dressed for hot weather 天热时穿得很合时宜.
sense
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The noun sense can mean  1 `the way the body experiences its surroundings': the sense of touch, sight, etc, or  2 `reason, good judgement': She talks a lot of good sense. *sense作名词时可指1｀身体感受周围事物的方式＇: the sense of touch, sight, etc（触觉、 视觉等）, 也可指2｀道理、 识别力＇: She talks a lot of good sense. （她说得很有道理.） The adjective sensitive usually relates to meaning 1 与这个词有关的形容词sensitive含上述第1义: She's got very sensitive hearing, skin, etc. 她的听觉、 触觉等很灵敏. * Don't laugh at him; he's very sensitive. 千万别笑他, 他很敏感. Sensible relates to meaning 2 另一个形容词sensible含上述第2义: She gave me some sensible advice. 她给我提的建议很有道理. * You must try to be more sensible. 你得懂点儿好歹.
sensitive
/ 5sensEtIv; `sZnsEtIv/ adj  1 (a) easily hurt or damaged 易受伤害的; 易损坏的: the sensitive skin of a baby 婴儿娇嫩的皮肤* A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain. 牙神经易受损伤, 可产生巨痛. (b) ~ (to sth) affected greatly or easily by sth 很受影响的; 易受影响的; 敏感的: Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 感光纸对光十分敏感. * This material is heat-sensitive, ie responds quickly to changes in temperature. 这种材料对温度变化很敏感.  2 ~ (about/to sth) easily offended or emotionally upset 易生气的; 感情容易冲动的; 神经质的: a frail and sensitive child 脆弱而娇气的孩子 * He's very sensitive about being small, so don't mention it. 他对自己个子矮小神经过敏, 可别提这件事. * A writer mustn't be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反应过激.  3 (approv 褒) having or showing perceptive feeling or sympathetic understanding 有细腻感情的; 同情理解的: an actor's sensitive reading of a poem 演员富於感情的诗朗诵 * When I need advice, he is a helpful and sensitive friend. 我一没了主意他就帮助我, 是个体贴人的朋友.  4 ~ (to sth) (of instruments, etc) able to measure very small changes （指仪器等）灵敏的: a sensitive thermometer, balance, ammeter, etc 灵敏的温度计、 天平、 安培计等 * (fig 比喻) The Stock Exchange is sensitive to likely political changes. 证券交易所对潜在的政治变化很敏感.  5 needing to be treated with great secrecy or tact 需极秘密或慎重处理的: sensitive military information 需秘密处理的军事情报 * a sensitive issue like race relations 需慎重对待的种族关系问题. =>Usage at sensible 用法见 sensible.
sensitively 
adv.
sensitivity 
/ 9sensE5tIvEtI; 9sZnsE`tIvEtI/ n [U] ~ (to sth) quality or degree of being sensitive 易受伤害的特性; 敏感性; 灵敏度: sensitivity to pain, light, heat 对疼痛、 光、 热的敏感 * the sensitivity of a writer 作家的细腻感情.
sensitize, sensitise 
/ 5sensItaIz; `sZnsE9taIz/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sth)  1 make sth or sb sensitive 使某事物或某人敏感: sensitize students to a poet's use of language 培养学生对诗人语言运用的感受能力.  2 (in photography) make (film, paper, etc) sensitive to light （摄影）使（胶片、 纸等）易於感光.
sensor
/ 5sensE(r); `sZnsL/ n device (eg a photoelectric cell) that detects light, heat, humidity, etc 探测光、 热、 湿度等的装置（如光电池）: Smoke sensors warned us of the fire. 烟雾探测器已向我们发出火警警报.
sensory
/ 5sensErI; `sZnsErI/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the senses (sense 1) or of sensation 感觉官能的; 感觉的; 感受的: sensory organs/nerves 感觉器官[神经] * a sensory stimulus 感官刺激 * sensory deprivation 感觉丧失.
sensual
/ 5senFUEl; `sZnFJEl/ = adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) of, suggesting, enjoying or giving physical (often sexual) pleasure 肉体上享乐的; （常指）性快感的: the sensual feel of a warm bath 洗温水澡的舒服感觉 * a life devoted entirely to sensual pleasure 耽於肉欲的一生 * the sensual curves of her body 她体形的性感的曲线.
sensualist 
n person who enjoys physical pleasures, esp to excess 喜欢感官享受的人; （尤指）耽於肉欲的人.
sensuality 
/ 9senFU5AlEtI; 9sZnFJ`AlEtI/ n [U] (excessive) love or enjoyment of physical pleasure （过分的）肉欲.
sensually 
/ -FUElI; -FJElI/ adv.
sensuous
/ 5senFUEs; `sZnFJEs/ adj affecting, noticed by or giving pleasure to the senses 刺激感官的; 感觉官能的; 给感官以快感的: the sensuous appeal of her painting 她的画儿之使人赏心悦目 * his full sensuous lips 他那丰满漂亮的嘴唇. 
sensuously 
adv: She swayed her hips sensuously as she danced. 她跳舞时扭动著臀部十分诱人. 
sensuousness 
n [U].
sent
pt, pp of send.
sentence
/ 5sentEns; `sZntEns/ n  1 [C] (grammar) largest unit of grammar, usu containing a subject, a verb, an object, etc and expressing a statement, question or command 句子; 句.  2 [C, U] (law 律) (statement of the) punishment given by a lawcourt 判决; 宣判; 判刑: The judge passed/pronounced sentence (on the prisoner), ie said what his punishment would be. 法官宣布了（对犯人的）判决. * She has served her sentence, and will nowbe released. 她已服刑期满, 现即将获释. * under sentence of death, ie to be officially killed as a punishment 判处死刑 * a sentence of ten years' imprisonment 十年监禁之刑.
sentence 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) state that sb is to have a certain punishment 判决; 宣判: sentence a thief to six months' imprisonment 判处窃贼六个月监禁 * He has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1000. 他被判罚款1000英镑. * (fig 比喻) a crippling disease which sentenced him to a lifetime in a wheelchair 把他终生束缚在轮椅上的残疾 
sententious
/ sen5tenFEs; sZn`tZnFEs/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) expressing pompous moral judgements 说教的: a sententious speaker, speech, remark, book 说教式的演讲者、 演说、 言语、 书. 
sententiously 
adv: `He should have thought of the consequences before he acted,' she concluded sententiously. 她最後以说教的口吻说: ｀他应该先想到後果然後再做.＇ 
sententiousness 
n [U].
sentient
/ 5senFnt; `sZnFEnt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) capable of perceiving or feeling things 能感知或感觉事物的: a sentient being 有感觉的生物.
sentiment
/ 5sentImEnt; `sZntEmEnt/ n  1 [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) tender feelings of pity, nostalgia, etc, which may be exaggerated or wrongly directed (contrasted esp with reason) （对怜悯、 怀旧等的）柔懦情感（可为夸张的或滥施的, 尤与理智相对）: act from rational motives rather than sentiment 行事出於理智而非出於怜悯之情 * a love story full of cloying sentiment 通篇缠绵伤感的爱情小说 * There's no room for sentiment in business. 做生意不能婆婆妈妈的感情用事.  2 [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] (expression of an) attitude or opinion, usu influenced by emotion 态度或意见（的表示）（通常指受感情影响的）: a speech full of lofty sentiments 充分表达高尚情操的演 讲 * Sentiment in the City (ie the financial centre of London) is now in favour of a cut in taxes. 在伦敦金融中心, 群情期於减税.  3 sentiments [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) point of view; opinion 观点; 意见: What are your sentiments on this issue? 你对这个问题有什麽看法? * My sentiments exactly! ie I agree! 我完全同意!
sentimental
/ 9sentI5mentl; 9sZntE`mZntl/ adj  1 of or concerning the emotions, rather than the reason 情感的, 情绪的（非理智的）: do sth for sentimental reasons 由於感情的原因而做某事 * have a sentimental attachment to one's birth-place 对出生地有眷恋之情 * a watch with sentimental value, ie which is precious eg because it was given by sb one loves 有怀念价值的手表（因所爱的人所赠）.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) (of things) expressing or arousing tender emotions, such as pity, romantic love or nostalgia, which may be exaggerated or wrongly directed （指事物）表达或引起柔懦情感的（可为夸张的或滥施的）: sentimental music 令人感伤的音乐 * a sloppy, sentimental love story 伤情感心的爱情小说. (b) ~ (about sb/sth) (of people) having such emotions （指人）有柔懦情感的: She's too sentimental about her cat. 她对她的猫未免太牵肠挂肚了. 
sentimentalist 
/ -tElIst; -tElIst/ n (derog 贬) person who is sentimental(2b) 情感柔懦的人.
sentimentality 
/ 9sentImen5tAlEtI; 9sZntEmZn`tAlEtI/ n [U] (derog 贬) quality of being too sentimental(2a) 情感过於柔懦的特性: the sickly sentimentality of a romantic novel 一部浪漫小说中无病呻吟的柔懦情调.
sentimentalize, sentimentalise 
/ -tElaIz; -tl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] (derog 贬) speak or write sentimentally; treat (sb/sth) sentimentally 说或写时表达柔懦情感; 以柔懦的情感对待（某人[某事物]）: Don't sentimentalize when you talk about animals. 谈论动物不必忧形於色. * This book sentimentalizes the suffering of the disabled. 这本书以柔懦的笔调渲染了残疾人的痛苦.
sentimentally 
/ -tElI; -tlI/ adv.
sentinel
/ 5sentInl; `sZntEnl/ n (fml or dated 文或旧) sentry 岗哨; 哨兵: (fig 比喻) The Press is a sentinel of (ie guards or protects) our liberty. 新闻界是捍卫我们自由的卫士.
sentry
/ 5sentrI; `sZntrI/ n soldier posted outside a building, etc in order to watch or guard it 岗哨; 哨兵: People approaching the gate were challenged by the sentry. 向大门走去的人受到了哨兵的查问. * [attrib 作定语] sentry duty 哨兵的值勤.
sentry-box 
n small hut for a standing sentry 岗亭.
sepal
/ 5sepl; `sZpl/ n (botany 植) any of the leaf-like parts which lie under and support the petals of a flower 萼片.
separable
/ 5sepErEbl; `sZpErEbl/ adj ~ (from sth) that can be separated 可分开的; 可分隔的: The lower part of the pipe is separable from the upper part. 管子的下部可与上部分开. 
separably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv. 
separability 
/ 9seprE5bIlEtI; 9sZprE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
separate
/ 5seprEt; `sZprIt/ adj   1 ~ (from sth/sb) forming a unit by itself; existing apart 自成一单元的; 单独存在的; 分开的: The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子都睡在各自的床上. * Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others. 有暴力行为的囚犯隔离囚禁. * They lead separate lives, ie do not live or do things together. 他们各自单独生活. * We can't work together any more; I think it's time we went our separate ways, ie parted. 我们再也不能在一起工作了, 我看得各奔东西了.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] different or distinct 不同的; 有区别的: It happened on three separate occasions. 这件事在三个不同场合都发生过. * That is a separate issue and irrelevant to our discussion. 这是另一个问题, 同我们的讨论无关.
separately 
adv as separate people or things; not together 分著地; 不在一起: They are now living separately. 他们现在分居了. * Can the engine and the gearbox be supplied separately? 发动机和变速箱能分开供应吗? separates n [pl] individual items of clothing designed to be worn together in different combinations （可与不同衣物配合使用的）单件衣物.
separatism 
/ 5sepErEtIzEm; `sZpErE9tIzEm/ n [U] policy of staying or becoming a separate group from other people, esp through political independence 分离主义, 独立主义（尤指通过政治独立的）.
separatist 
/ 5sepErEtIst; `sZpE9rEtIst/ n [attrib 作定语]: the Basque separatist organization ETA 西班牙巴斯克分离主义组织埃塔（埃塔ETA为巴斯克语｀巴斯克祖国与自由＇的缩写）.
separate
/ 5sepEreIt; `sZpE9ret/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) ~ (sb/sth) (from sb/sth); ~ sth (up) (into sth) (cause things or people to) come apart; divide （使事物或人与人）分离, 分开: The two parts of the pipe have separated at the joint. 这个管子从接口处分成两截了. * The branch has separated from the trunk of the tree. 这个树枝已从树干上脱落了. * This patient should be separated from the others. 这个病人应该隔离. * The land has been separated (up) into small plots. 这块地已经分成小块了. * The children were separated into groups for the game. 那些儿童分成小组做游戏. (b) ~ (sth) (out) (from sth) (cause sth to) stop being combined in a liquid mixture （使混合液）分离, 离析: Oil and water always separate out. 油和水总是分开的.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) lie or stand between (two countries, areas, etc), keeping them apart 从中隔开（两国、 两地等）: A deep gorge separates the two halves of the city. 有一道深谷把这座城市分成两部分. * England is separated from France by the Channel. 英国和法国之间隔著英吉利海峡. * (fig 比喻) Politics is the only thing which separates us, ie on which we disagree. 我们只是政治观点相左.  3 [I] (of people) leave each other's company （指人与人）分开, 分手: We talked until midnight and then separated. 我们一直谈到深夜才分手.  4 [I] stop living together as a married couple （有婚姻关系的双方）分居: After ten years of marriage they decided to separate. 他们婚後十年决定分居了.  5 (idm 习语) separate the sheep from the goats distinguish good people from bad people 把好人同坏人分开. separate the ,wheat from the `chaff distinguish valuable people or things from worthless ones 把有价值的人或事物同无价值的分开: We have to sift through the application forms very carefully to separate the wheat from the chaff. 我们得把申请书仔细筛选一下以甄别优劣.
separated 
adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sb) no longer living together as a married couple (but not necessarily divorced) 分居（未必离婚）: I'm separated from my wife. 我和妻子分居了. * We're separated. 我们分居了.
separator 
n device that separates things, esp cream from milk 分离器; （尤指分离奶油的）脱脂器.
separation
/ 9sepE5reIFn; 9sZpE`reFEn/ n  1 ~ (from sb/sth) (a) [U] separating; state of being separate 分离; 分开; 隔开: the separation of infectious patients from other patients 传染病人与其他病人之隔离 * Separation from his friends made him sad. 他离开了朋友, 十分难过. (b) [C] instance or period of being separated 分离; 分开的期间: after a separation of five years from his parents （他）离开父母五年以後.  2 [U, sing] legal arrangement by which a married couple live apart but do not end the marriage （有婚姻关系的双方按法律程序的）分居: decide on (a) separation 决定按法律程序分居.
sepia
/ 5si:pIE; `sipIE/ n [U]  1 brown colouring-matter used in inks and water-colour paints and (esp formerly) for printing photographs 斯比亚褐色颜料（用作墨水或水彩画颜料, 尤指旧时印照片用的）.  2 rich reddish-brown colour 浓艳的红褐色.
sepia 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of sepia colour 红褐色的: an old sepia photograph 一张旧的红褐色照片.
sepsis
/ 5sepsIs; `sZpsIs/ n [U] (medical 医) infection of (part of) the body by bacteria 脓毒病; 脓毒症. Cf 参看 septic.
Sept
abbr 缩写 = September: 12 Sept 1969  1969年9月12日.
sept(i)-
comb form 构词成分 having or made up of seven of sth 有七个的; 由七个组成的: septuagenarian.
September
/ sep5tembE(r); sZp`tZmbL/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Sept) the ninth month of the year, next after August 九月. For the uses of September see the examples at April. 关於 September 的用法见 April 词条中的示例.
septet
/ sep5tet; sZp`tZt/ n (piece of music written for a) group of seven instruments or singers 七重奏（曲）; 七重唱（曲）.
septic
/ 5septIk; `sZptIk/ adj caused by or causing infection with harmful bacteria 由病菌引起或感染的; 脓毒性的: a septic wound 染毒创伤 * A dirty cut may become septic, ie affected by bacteria. 伤口不洁可受感染. Cf 参看 sepsis.
septic tank 
tank into which sewage flows and where it remains until the action of bacteria makes it liquid enough to drain away 化粪池.
septicaemia (US septicemia) 
/ 9septI5si:mIE; 9sZptE`simIE/ n [U] (medical 医) blood-poisoning 败血症.
septuagenarian
/ 9septjUEdVI5neErIEn; ?@ -tFUdVE-;9sZptFJEdVE`nZrIEn/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person) between the ages of 70 and 79  70 到 79 岁的（人）.
sepulchre (US sepulcher) 
/ 5seplkE(r); `sZplkL/ n (arch 古)  1 tomb, esp one cut in rock or built of stone 坟墓, 冢（尤指石凿的或石砌的）: the Holy Sepulchre, ie the one in which Jesus Christ was laid 圣墓（耶稣的墓）.  2 (idm 习语) a whited sepulchre => white1 v. 
sepulchral 
/ sI5pQlkrEl; sE`pQlkrEl/ adj (fml 文)  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a tomb or of burial 坟墓的; 埋葬的.  2 looking or sounding gloomy 阴森森的; 阴郁的; 阴沉的: a sepulchral face 阴沉的脸色 * speak in sepulchral tones 用低沉的语调说话 * look quite sepulchral 看上去阴沉沉的.
et seq
/ 9et 5sek; 9Zt `sZk/ abbr 缩写 = (pl et seqq) and the following (page(s), item(s), etc) (Latin et sequens/sequentia) 以及下列（各页、 各项等）（源自拉丁文 et sequens/sequentia）: for further information see pp 9 et seq 详情见第 9 页起之各页.
sequel
/ 5si:kwEl; `sikwEl/ n ~ (to sth)  1 thing that happens after or as a result of an earlier event 继之而来的事物; 有前因的事物: His speech had an unfortunate sequel, in that it caused a riot. 他的演说产生了不幸的後果, 由之引发一场骚乱. * Famine is often the sequel to war. 饥荒往往是战争造成的.  2 novel, film, etc that continues the story of an earlier one, often using the same characters （小说、 电影等的）续篇, 续集: He is writing a sequel to his latest best seller. 他正在写他的最新畅销书的续集.
sequence
/ 5si:kwEns; `sikwEns/ n  1 [U, C] set of events, numbers, actions, etc with each following the one before continuously or in a particular order 有次序的事情、 数字、 行动等: deal with events in historical sequence 按照历史上的先後顺序研究大事件 * describe the sequence of events, ie in the order in which they occurred 按时间顺序叙述事情 * a sequence of dance movements 连续的舞蹈动作 * a sequence of playing-cards, ie three or more next to each other in value, eg 10, 9, 8 纸牌的顺牌（至少为三张点数相连的牌如 10、 9、 8）.  2 [C] part of a cinema film dealing with one scene or topic （影片中描述一个场景或主题的）连续镜头: a thrilling sequence that includes a car chase 含有汽车追逐镜头的紧张片段.
sequence of tenses 
(grammar) principles according to which the tenses of subordinate clauses are suited to the tenses of principal clauses 时态序列, 时态一致（从句时态须与主句时态相合的原则）.
sequential
/ sI5kwenFl; sI`kwZnFEl/ adj following in order of time or place; forming a sequence 按次序的; 顺序的; 序列的; 构成连续镜头的. 
sequentially
/-FElI; -FElI/ adj: files of correspondence arranged sequentially 按顺序排列的信件档案.
sequester
/ sI5kwestE(r); sI`kwZstL/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (from sth) keep sb/oneself away or apart from other people; seclude 使某人[自己]与他人分开或隔离; 使隔绝: sequester oneself from the world 避世.  2 [Tn] (law 律) = sequestrate.
sequestered 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) quiet and secluded 僻静而与世隔绝的: lead a sequestered life 过离群索居的生活 * a sequestered island far from the mainland 远离大陆的僻静孤岛.
sequestrate
/ 5si:kwestreIt; sI`kwZstret/ v [Tn]  1 (law 律) take temporary possession of (a debtor's property, funds, etc) until a debt has been paid or other claims met 扣押（债务人的财产、 资金等）（至还清债务等时）.  2 confiscate (sth) 没收; 充公. 
sequestration
/ 9si:kwe5streIFn; 9sikwZs`treFEn/ n [U].
sequin
/ 5si:kwIn; `sikwIn/ n small circular shiny disc sewn onto clothing as an ornament （衣物上作装饰用的）圆形小光片: Her dress was covered in sequins which twinkled as she moved. 她的连衣裙上镶著小光片, 身体一动就闪闪发光.
non sequitur
/ 9nCn 5sekwItE(r); nBn`sZkwItL/ n (Latin 拉) statement that does not follow logically from the previous statement(s) or argument(s) 不根据前提的推理: This non sequitur invalidates his argument. 他不根据前提推理因而论证无效.
sequoia
/ sI5kwRIE; sI`kwRIE/ n either of two types of large evergreen coniferous trees of California, the redwood or the giant sequoia 红杉, 巨杉（高大常绿树, 产於美国加利福尼亚州）.
seraglio
/ se5rB:lIEU; sI`rBljo/ n (pl ~ s) part of a Muslim household reserved for women; harem 穆斯林住宅中女眷居住的内室或闺房.
seraph
/ 5serEf; `sZrEf/ n (pl ~s or ~im / -fIm; -fIm/) (in the Bible) member of the highest order of angels （《圣经》中的）撒拉弗（级别最高的天使）. Cf 参看 cherub.
seraphic 
/ se5rAfIk; sZ`rAfIk/ adj (fml 文)  1 like an angel in beauty or purity 似天使般美丽或纯洁的: a seraphic child, nature 天使般可爱的孩子、 性格.  2 feeling or showing great happiness 极愉快的: a seraphic smile 极愉快的微笑.
sere
= sear1.
serenade
/ 9serE5neId; 9sZrE`ned/ n song or tune (suitable to be) sung or played at night, esp by a lover outside the window of the woman he loves 小夜曲（尤指男子在所爱慕的女子窗外唱的或演奏的）.
serenade 
v [Tn] sing or play a serenade to (sb) 为（某人）唱或奏小夜曲.
serendipity
/ 9serEn5dIpEtI; 9sZrEn`dIpEtI/ n [U] (talent for) making pleasant and unexpected discoveries entirely by chance 全然无意中有所新奇发现（的本事）.
serene
/ sI5ri:n; sE`rin/ adj calm and peaceful; tranquil 平静的; 宁静的: a serene sky 晴朗的天空 * a serene look, smile, etc 安详的神情、 笑容等 * In spite of the panic, she remained serene and in control. 尽管人心惶惶, 但她却泰然自若. 
serenely 
adv: He seemed serenely unaware that anything had gone wrong. 他神色平静, 似乎并不知道已出事了. 
serenity 
/ sI5renEtI; sE`rZnEtI/ n [U].
serf
/ s\:f; s[f/ n  1 (formerly) person forced by a landowner to work on the land in a feudal system （旧时）（封建制度中的）农奴.  2 (fig 比喻) worker treated harshly or like a slave 像奴隶般受奴役的人.
serfdom 
/ -dEm; -dEm/ n [U] 1 social and economic system under which land was cultivated by serfs 农奴制: abolish serfdom 废除农奴制.  2 conditions of a serf's life 农奴的处境: released from his serfdom 脱离他那农奴困境.
serge
/ s\:dV; s[dV/ n [U] strong woollen cloth used for making clothes 毛哔叽: [attrib 作定语] a blue serge suit 蓝色毛哔叽套服.
sergeant
/ 5sB:dVEnt; `sBrdVEnt/ n (often 常作 Sergeant; abbrs 缩写 Sergt, Sgt)  1 non-commissioned army officer ranking above a corporal and below a warrant officer 中士. =>App 9 见附录9.  2 (a) (Brit) police officer with a rank below that of an inspector 巡佐（级别低於巡官）. (b) (US) police officer with a rank below that of a captain or sometimes a lieutenant 警佐（级别低於队长或副队长）.
sergeant-major 
n (a) (Brit) warrant officer assisting the adjutant of a regiment or battalion 准尉副官. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) (US) highest rank of non-commissioned army officer 军士长. =>App 9 见附录9.
Sergt (also Sgt) 
abbr 缩写 = Sergeant: Sergt (Colin) Hill （科林·）希尔中士 * Sgt-Maj, ie Sergeant-Major 准尉副官.
serial
/ 5sIErIEl; `sIrIEl/ adj   1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, in or forming a series 连续的; 一系列的: number files in serial order 把档案按顺序编上号 * a serial murderer, ie one who kills several people one after another 连续杀人犯.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of a story, etc) appearing in parts in a periodical, etc or on TV or radio （指故事等）（在杂志、 电视或广播等中）连续刊登或播出的: Our new serial thriller begins at 7.30 this evening. 我们的新系列惊险故事於今晚 7 时 30 分开始播出.
serial 
n serial play, story, etc 连续剧; 连载故事: a detective, romantic, thriller, etc serial 侦探的、 浪漫的、 惊险的...连续剧 * [attrib 作定语] serial rights, ie rights to make a serial out of a novel, story, etc 连载权. 
serialize, serialise 
/ -rIElaIz; -rIEl9aIz/ v [Tn] publish or broadcast (sth) as a serial 连载或连播（某内容）: serialized on radio in twelve parts 分十二集在电台播出. 
serialization, serialisation 
/ 9sIErIElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-;9sIrIElE`zeFEn/ n [C, U]. 
serially 
/ -IElI; -IElI/ adv.
serial number 
number identifying one item in a series, eg on a banknote or a cheque 顺序号, 编号（如纸币或支票上的）.
seriatim
/ 9sIErI5eItIm; 9sIrI`etIm/ adv (fml 文) one thing after another; point by point 依次地; 逐一地.
series
/ 5sIEri:z; `sIriz/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)1 number of things, events, etc of a similar kind, esp placed or occurring one after another 一系列的事物:a series of good harvests 接连的丰收 * a series of brilliant leaders 一个接一个的杰出领袖 * a series of interconnected caves 一连串相互连接的洞 * a television/radio series, ie a number of programmes, each complete in itself, linked to each other by characters, theme, etc 电视[广播]系列节目 * a series of stamps/coins, eg of different values, but issued all at one time 一套邮票[硬币] * publish a new series of readers for students of English 出版一套新的英语学习读物 * the world series, eg of important baseball or football games in the US 世界联赛（如美国棒球或橄榄球的重要大赛）.  2 [C, U] electrical circuit with the supply of current flowing directly through each component 串联: batteries connected in series 串联电池 * [attrib 作定语] a series circuit, connection, etc 串联电路、 串联. Cf 参看 parallel.
serif
/ 5serIf; `sZrIf/ n small line at the end of the stroke of a printed letter in certain type-faces 衬线（某些印刷体字母各端部的短线）: [attrib 作定语] printed in a serif type-face 用字母带衬线的字体印刷. Cf 参看 sanserif.
serio-comic
/ 9sIErIEU 5kCmIk; 9sIrIo`kBmIk/ adj partly serious and partly comic 半严肃半滑稽的: a serio-comic remark, style, play 半严肃半滑稽的言语、 风格、 话剧.
serious
/ 5sIErIEs; `sIrIEs/ adj  1 solemn and thoughtful; not frivolous 严肃的; 庄重的; 正经的: a serious person, mind, appearance 严肃的人、 心情、 外表 * Her face was serious as she told us the bad news. 她告诉我们这个坏消息时脸色很严肃. * He seems very serious, but in fact he has a delightful sense of humour. 他看上去很严肃, 其实他十分诙谐. * Please be serious for a minute, this is very important. 请严肃点儿, 这事很重要.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of books, music, etc) intended to provoke thought; not merely for amusement （指书、 音乐等）启发思考的, 不仅为消遣的: a serious essay about social problems 关於社会问题的发人深省的文章 * Do you ever read serious works? 你看不看理论性的著作?  3 important because of possible danger or risk; grave 严重的（可能有危险或风险的）; 重大的: a serious illness, mistake, accident 严重的疾病、 错误、 事故 * a serious decision about giving up a steady job 要放弃一份稳定工作的重大决定 * That could cause serious injury. 那可能造成重伤. * The international situation is extremely serious. 国际形势极为严峻.  4 ~ (about sb/sth) in earnest; sincere 认真的; 真诚的: a serious suggestion 诚恳的建议 * Are you really serious about him? ie Do you have sincere affection for him? 你真对他有意吗? （是否真心爱他?） * Is she serious about learning to be a pilot? 她真想学开飞机吗?
seriously 
adv  1 in a serious way 严肃地; 庄重地; 启发性地; 严重地; 认真地: speak seriously to her about it 跟她认真地谈谈这件事 * seriously ill, injured, etc 病得、 伤得...很重.  2 (infml 口) (used at the beginning of a sentence when turning to a serious matter 用以将话题转到正经事上, 置於句首): Seriously though, you could really hurt yourself doing that. 说正经的, 你那样做可真要自讨苦吃了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful.  3 (idm 习语) take sb/sth seriously regard sb/sth as important and worth treating with respect 认真对待某人[某事物]: You can't take her promises seriously: she never keeps her word. 她答应的事不必当真, 她从来说话不算数. * I take this threat very seriously. 我认为这种威胁非同小可.
seriousness 
n [U]  1 state of being serious 严肃; 庄重; 严重; 认真: the seriousness of his expression 他的表情严肃 * the seriousness of the crisis 危机的严重性.  2 (idm 习语) in all `seriousness (infml 口) very seriously; not as a joke 极严肃、 庄重、 严重或认真; 并非玩笑: You can't in all seriousness go out in a hat like that! 你戴著那种帽子出门不是开玩笑嘛!
serjeant-at-arms
/ 9sB:dVEnt Et 5B:mz; 9sBrdVEntEt `Brmz/ n official who performs ceremonial duties for a lawcourt, city council or parliament （在法庭、 市议会、 议会上的）仪仗官.
sermon
/ 5s\:mEn; `s[mEn/ n  1 (a) talk on a moral or religious subject, usu given by a clergyman from the pulpit during a religious service 讲道（通常指教士在讲坛上做出的）. (b) such a talk in printed form （印刷的）讲道文章: a book of sermons 讲道集.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) long talk about moral matters or about sb's faults, etc （对某人的错误等的）一大通教训: We had to listen to a long sermon about not wasting money. 我们硬著头皮听了一通别浪费钱的大道理.
sermonize, sermonise 
/ -aIz; -aIz/ v [I, Ipr] (derog 贬) give (often unwanted) moral advice in a pompous way 作长篇大论的说教（常指不中听的）.
serous
/ 5sIErEs; `sIrEs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like serum; watery （似）浆液的, 血清的; 水的; 多水的.
serpent
/ 5s\:pEnt; `s[pEnt/ n (dated 旧) 1 snake, esp a large one 蛇（尤指大的）.  2 person who tempts others to do wrong; sly person 诱人犯错的人; 狡猾的人: the old Serpent, ie the Devil 魔王（魔鬼）.
serpentine 
/ 5s\:pEntaIn; ?@ -ti:n; `s[pEn9tin/ adj (fml 文) twisting and curving like a snake 像蛇般拳曲的; 蜿蜒的: the serpentine course of the river 蜿蜒的河道.
serrated
/ sI5reItId; ?@ 5sereItId; `sZretId/ adj having notches on the edge like a saw; having a toothed edge 边缘呈锯齿状的; 有锯齿形边缘的: a knife with a serrated blade 有锯齿形刃的刀子 * serrated leaves 有锯齿形边缘的叶子.
serration
/ sI5reIFn; sI`reFEn/ n  1 [U] being serrated 锯齿状.  2 C] notch on a serrated edge 锯齿形边缘的凹口.
serried
/ 5serId; `sZrId/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated or fml 旧或文) (of rows of people or things) arranged close together in order （指人或物的行列）排紧的, 密集的: serried rows/ranks/lines 密集的排[列/行].
serum
/ 5sIErEm; `sIrEm/ n (pl sera / 5sIErE; `sIrE/ or ~ s) (medical 医)  1 [U] (a) watery liquid in animal bodies （动物体内的）浆液. (b) thin yellowish liquid that remains from blood after it has clotted 血清.  2 [C, U] (dose of) such liquid taken from an animal that is immune to a disease, used for inoculations （一剂）免疫血清（用於接种或预防注射）. Cf 参看 vaccine.
servant
/ 5s\:vEnt; `s[vEnt/ n  1 person who works in sb else's household for wages, and often for food and lodging 用人; 仆人; 佣人: have/employ a large staff of servants 有[雇用]大批用人.  2 ~ (of sb/sth) (a) employee, esp a faithful and devoted one 雇员（尤指忠心耿耿的）: a trusted servant of the company 公司里可靠的雇员. (b) person devoted to sb/sth 忠於某人[某事物]的人: a servant of Jesus Christ, eg a Christian priest 耶稣基督的忠仆（如牧师）.  3 (idm 习语) your obedient servant => obedient.
serve
/ s\:v; s[v/ v  1 [I, Tn] ~ (sb) (as sth) work for (sb), esp as a servant 为（某人）工作; （尤指）当用人: served as (a) gardener and chauffeur 做园艺工人兼司机 * He has served his master for many years. 他伺候主人很多年了.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (in sth/as sth) perform duties, eg in the armed forces 供职, 服役（如在军队里）: serve (a year) in the Army 在陆军服役（一年） * served as a naval officer during the war 战时在海军当军官 * serve on (ie be a member of) a committee, board, etc 担任委员、 董事等 * serve under sb, ie be under the command of (a superior officer, leader, etc) 在某人手下任职 * She has served her country well, eg as a civil servant, Member of Parliament, etc. 她为国尽职（如作公务员、 议员等）. * (fig 比喻) This desk has served me well (ie been very useful to me) over the years. 这张办公桌多年来对我的用处可大了.  3 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (up) (to sb) give food to (sb) at a meal; place (food) on the table at a meal 供（某人）饭菜; 将（饭菜）摆上桌: learn to serve at table, ie as a waiter 学习端饭上菜（当服务员） * Who's going to serve? 谁来布菜? * Dinner is served, ie is ready. 开饭了. * We serve coffee in the lounge. 我们起居室里有咖啡奉客. * Have all the guests been served (with) food and drink? 给所有的客人都上了饭菜饮品了吗? * Four waiters served lunch to us/served us lunch. 有四个服务员招待我们吃午饭. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (to sb) attend to (a customer) or supply (sth) in a shop, etc （在商店等处）接待（顾客）或为顾客取来（货物）: He serves in a shoeshop. 他在鞋店卖鞋. * Are you being served? 有售货员接待您吗? * He served some sweets to the children. 他为孩子们拿来他们要买的糖果. (c) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) provide sb/sth with a facility 为某人[某事物]提供设施: The town is well served with public transport. 这个市镇公共交通设施很完善.  4 [I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (sb) (for/as sth) (fml 文) satisfy (a need or purpose); be suitable (for) 满足（需要）; 达到（目的）; 适合（於）: This room can serve as/for a study. 这个房间可作书房用. * This serves to show how foolish you have been. 这足以说明你有多蠢. * It's not exactly what I wanted but it will serve my purpose. 这个跟我想要的不太一样, 但也算可以.  5 [Tn] (of a portion of food) be enough for （指一份食物）够...: This packet of soup serves two. 这包汤料可供两人用.  6 [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sb) in a specified way 以某方式对待（某人）: They have served me shamefully, ie have treated me very badly. 他们待我很坏.  7 [In/pr, Tn] (a) spend (a period of time) learning a trade, etc 用（某段时间）习艺等: serve two years as an apprentice/a two-year apprenticeship 当两年学徒. (b) pass (a period of time) in prison 在狱中服（某段时间）刑: serve ten years for armed robbery 因持械抢劫罪服刑十年 * (infml 口) serve time for fraud 因诈骗罪服刑.  8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb); ~ sb with sth (law 律) formally deliver sth to sb 将某物正式送达某人: serve a summons, writ, warrant, etc 送达传票、 书面命令、 授权命令等 * serve a court order on sb/sb with a court order 把法院的命令送达某人.  9 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) (in tennis, etc) put the ball into play by striking it to one's opponent （网球等）发球: It's your turn to serve (to me). 该你发（给我）球了. * She's already served two aces this game. 她在这一局中已两次发球得分.  10 [Tn] (of a male animal) copulate with (a female animal), esp after being hired for this purpose （指雄性动物）与（雌性动物）交配（尤指为此而租用动物）: His bull will come to serve our cows tomorrow. 明天我们用他的公牛与我们的母牛配种.  11 [no passive 不用於被动语态: I, Tn] assist a priest at (a religious service) 在（宗教仪式上）担任助祭: Who will serve (at) Mass today? 今天谁任助祭?  12 (idm 习语) first come, first served =>first2. if memory serves =>memory. serve sb `right (of a misfortune, etc) be deserved bysb （指不幸事等）应由某人承受: `I got soaked in the rain.'`It serves you right  I told you to take an umbrella.'｀我让雨浇坏了.＇｀活该--我早就告诉你得带雨伞.＇ serve one's/its turn be useful for a purpose or for a particular period 於某目的或某时期有用: I finally had to sell the car, but it had served its turn. 我最後只好把汽车卖了, 不过也算是物尽其用了. serve sb's turn be good or useful enough for sb's purpose 对某人（之需）有好处或有用处. serve two `masters (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) follow two conflicting parties, principles, etc 伺候两个主人（追随两个敌对的党派或奉行两种相互矛盾的原则等）.  13 (phr v) serve sth out (a) give portions of (food) to several people 把（食物）分给大家: Shall I serve out the soup or would you like to help yourselves? 是我来给你们盛汤, 还是你们愿意自己来? (b) serve, work, etc until the end of (a fixed period) 工作到（规定期限）的末尾: You'll have to serve out your notice before you leave the firm. 你必须工作到你辞职通知的最後期限才能离开这个公司. serve sth up (infml derog 口, 贬) offer sth 提出: She served up the usual excuses for being late. 她又端出老一套藉口为迟到辩解.
serve 
n (in tennis, etc) act or manner of serving the ball （网球等的）发球或发球方式: Whose serve is it? ie Whose turn is it to serve? 该谁发球了? * a fast serve 快速发球.
server 
n  1 person who serves, eg at Mass or in tennis （做弥撒时的）助祭; （网球等的）发球人.  2 tray for dishes; salver 放菜碟的浅盘; 托盘.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) utensil used for putting a portion of food onto sb's plate 向个人碗碟中盛取食物的餐具: salad servers 盛取色拉用的叉匙.
serving 
n portion of food for one person （供一人食用的）一份食物: This recipe will be enough for four servings. 本食谱为四人食用分量.
service
/ 5s\:vIs; `s[vIs/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sth) performing duties, eg in the armed forces, or working for a government, company, etc 任职; 执行任务: ten years' service in the navy, police force, etc 在海军、 警界等服务十年 * conditions of service 任职条件 * a life of public service 为公共事业服务的一生 * many years of faithful service to the company 为公司忠实工作多年.  2 [U] (fig 比喻) work done by a vehicle, machine, etc （车辆、 机器等的）用处: My car has given me excellent service. 我的汽车很好用. * You will get good service from thistypewriter. 这个打字机对你很有用.  3 [C] (a) department of people employed by the government or a public organization 政府部门; 公用机构: the ,Civil `Service 政府的行政部门 * the ,Diplo`matic Service 外交部门 * the ,National `Health Service 国民保健署. (b) branch of the armed forces 军种: the three services, ie the Navy, the Army, the Air Force 三军（海军、 陆军、 空军） * Which service is she in? 她在哪个军种服役? * [attrib 作定语] a service rifle, family, house 军用步枪、 军人家庭、 军人用房.  4 [U] (dated 旧) being a servant; position as a servant 当仆人; 仆人的地位: be in/go into service, ie be/become a domestic servant 当仆人.  5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sb/sth) work done for another or others; helpful act; favour 服务; 帮助; 益处: You did me a great service by showing me the truth. 你把实情告诉我了, 这对我很有好处. * They need the services of a good lawyer. 他们需要找个能干的律师协助处理. * Her services to the state have been immense. 她对国家的贡献极大.  6 [C] (a) system or arrangement that meets public needs, esp for communication 公用事业的业务或工作状况（尤指交通及通讯）: a `bus/`train service 公共汽车[火车]营运 * the `telephone service 电话网络 * a good `postal service 良好的邮政业务 * Essential services (ie the supply of water, electricity, etc) will be maintained. 基本的公用业务（水电等的供应）一定得到保障. (b) business that does work or supplies goods for customers, but does not make goods; such work or goods 不生产货物而以工作或提供货物的形式为顾客服务的业务; 这类工作或货物; 劳务: We get export earnings from goods and services. 我们用货物和劳务创收外汇. * banking and `insurance services 银行业务和保险业务 * a new `carpet-cleaning service 新兴的地毯清洗业务 * [attrib 作定语] a `service industry 服务行业 * the `service sector 服务部门.  7 [U] serving of customers in hotels, restaurants, etc; work done by domestic servants, hotel staff, etc 旅馆、 饭馆等的业务; 用人、 旅馆职员等做的工作: The food is good at this hotel, but the service is poor. 这家旅馆饭菜很好, 但服务很差. * An extra 10% was added to the restaurant bill for service. 饭馆帐单上已加了10%的服务费. * [attrib 作定语] a quick-service restaurant 上菜快的饭馆 * a service entrance, ie one for staff, rather than the public 服务人员入口.  8 [C] ceremony of religious worship or the prayers, etc used at this 礼拜仪式; 祈祷仪式: three services every Sunday 每星期日三次礼拜 * attend morning/evening `service 参加早[晚]祷 * the `marriage, `burial, com` munion, etc service 婚礼、 葬礼、 圣餐仪式.  9 [C, U] maintenance and repair of a vehicle, machine, etc at regular intervals （车辆、 机器等定期的）维修: take a car in for (a) service every 3000 miles, eg to have the oil changed, the brakes checked, etc 汽车每行驶3000英里要进厂维修一次（如换机油、 检查刹车等） * a service for a gas boiler 煤气锅炉维修 * We offer (an) excellent after-sales service. 我们提供完备的售後服务. * [attrib 作定语] a service department, engineer 维修部、 技师.  10 [C] set of dishes, etc for serving food at table 吃饭用的一套盘碗等餐具: a 30-piece `dinner service 30件一套的盘碗餐具.  11 [U] (law 律) delivering of a writ, summons, etc （书面命令、 传票等的）送达.  12 [C] (a) (in tennis, etc) act or manner of serving the ball; person's turn to serve （网球等的）发球, 发球方式, 轮到的发球权: a fast service 快速发球 * Her service has improved. 她的发球技术已经改进了. * Whose service is it? 该谁发球了? (b) game in which sb serves 某人有发球权的一局: win/hold/lose/drop one's service 赢得[保住/失去/输掉]有发球权的一局 * break sb's service, ie win a game in which one's opponent serves 破某人有发球权的一局 * [attrib 作定语] a service game 有发球权的一局.  13 [U] serving (serve 10) of a female animal by a male animal （用雄性动物与雌性动物的）配种.  14 (idm 习语) at sb's `service ready to help sb 随时帮助某人: If you need advice, I am at your service. 你要是需要参考意见, 我随时可以帮你点儿忙. (be) of service (to sb) useful or helpful 有用; 有帮助: Can I be of service to you in organizing the trip? 你组织这次旅行需要我帮忙吗? press sth into service =>press3. see service (in sth) (a) serve in the armed forces 在军队中服役: He saw service as an infantry officer in the last war. 他在上次战争中当过步兵军官. * He has seen service in many different parts of the world. 他当兵到过世界各地. (b) (infml 口) be very useful, dependable, etc 很有用、 可靠等: These old boots have certainly seen some service. 这双旧靴子可真禁穿.
service 
v [Tn]  1 maintain and repair (a vehicle, machine, etc) at regular intervals （定期）维修（车辆、 机器等）: service a car, boiler, washing-machine 检修汽车、 锅炉、 洗衣机 * Has this mower been regularly serviced? 这个刈草机定期维修了吗?  2 supply a service(6a) or services to (sth) （公用事业）向（某处）提供服务: The power station is serviced (ie Fuel is delivered to it) by road transport. 这座发电站的燃料是通过公路运送的.  3 pay interest on (a loan) 支付（贷款）的利息: The company hasn't enough cash to service its debts. 这家公司没有支付债务利息的现款.  4 = serve 4. 
serviceable 
adj  1 in usable condition 可使用的: The tyres are worn but still serviceable. 这些轮胎已磨损, 但尚可用.  2 suitable for ordinary use or hard wear (and not designed to be ornamental); durable; long-lasting 适於一般用途的, 禁磨的（非装饰性的）; 耐用的: serviceable clothes for children 耐穿的儿童衣物. 
serviceably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv.
service area 
area beside a motorway where petrol and refreshments, etc are sold （高速公路旁的）服务区（出售汽油、 茶点等的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.
service break 
= break2 6.
service charge 
sum added to a restaurant bill, eg 10% of the total, to pay for the service given by the waiters, etc （加於饭馆帐单上的）服务费, 小费（如全部费用的10%）: Does my bill include a service charge? 我的帐单包括服务费了吗?
service flat 
(Brit) flat in which domestic service and sometimes meals, etc are provided and charged for in the rent 有室内服务的公寓（有时包括饭食等, 均计入房租中）.
serviceman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/ ) man in the armed forces 军人.
service road 
minor road, off a main road, giving access to houses, etc （大路旁的）侧路（通向建筑物等的）.
service station 
= petrol station (petrol).
servicewoman 
n (pl -women) woman in the armed forces 女军人.
serviette
/ 9s\:vI5et; 9s[vI`Zt/ n (esp Brit) table napkin 餐巾: paper serviettes 纸餐巾.
servile
/ 5s\:vaIl; ?@ -vl; `s[vl/ adj  1 (derog 贬) too ready to obey others; lacking independence 过分屈从的; 缺乏独立性的: servile flattery 卑躬屈膝的谄媚 * I don't like his servile manner. 我不喜欢他那低三下四的样子.  2 of, like or for a servant （似）仆人的; 为仆人的: made to do servile tasks 被迫做仆人的工作.
servilely 
/ -aIllI; -EllI/ adv.
servility 
/ s\:5vIlEtI; s[`vIlEtI/ n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) servile behaviour or attitude 过分屈从的行为或态度.
servitude
/ 5s\:vItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `s[vE9tud/ n [U] (fml 文) condition of being forced to work for others and having no freedom 奴役（状况）: Such ill-paid farm work is a form of servitude. 这种农活儿工资低得可怜, 简直是苦役.
servo
/ 5s\:vEU; `s[vo/ n (pl ~ s) (infml 口) = servo-mechanism.
servo-
comb form 构词成分 (of machinery) having a power unit controlling a larger mechanism （指机器）有伺服机构的（有控制较大机械装置的动力部件的）: servo-assisted brakes, eg in a large car 继动闸（如大型汽车的）.
servo-mechanism
/ 9s\:vEU 5mekEnIzEm; 9s[vo`mZkE9nIzEm/ n any mechanism that controls a larger mechanism 伺服机构.
servo-motor
/ 5s\:vEU mEUtE(r); `s[vo9motL/ n motor that controls a larger mechanism 伺服电动机.
sesame
/ 5sesEmI; `sZsEmI/ n  1 [U] tropical plant with seeds which are used as food and which give an oil used in salads and in cooking 芝麻; 脂麻; 胡麻: [attrib 作定语] sesame seeds, oil 芝麻种子、 芝麻油.  2 (idm 习语) open sesame => open1.
session
/ 5seFn; `sZFEn/ n  1 meeting or series of meetings of a parliament, lawcourt, etc for discussing or deciding sth （议会的）会议; （法庭的）开庭: the morning session of the Crown Court 英国地方刑事法庭的上午开庭 * the next session of arms negotiations 军备谈判的下一届会议 * the autumn session (ie sitting) of parliament 议会的秋季会议.  2 (a) school or university year 学年. (b) (US) school term or period of study 学期.  3 single continuous period spent in one activity （进行某活动连续的）一段时间: a re`cording session, ie one at which material is recorded on tape or discs, etc 录制时间（把材料录在磁带、 唱片等上用的时间） * After several sessions at the gym, I feel a lot fitter. 我在健身房锻炼了几次以後, 觉得身体好多了.  4 governing body of a Presbyterian church 长老会的管理机构.  5 (idm 习语) in `session (a) assembled for business 开会; 开庭: The court is now in session. 法院现在开庭. (b) not on vacation 不在休假期: Is Parliament in session during the summer? 议会在夏季是开会期吗?
set
/ set; sZt/ n  1 [C] ~ (of sth) group of similar things that belong together in some way （类似物品的）一组, 一套, 一副, 一对: a set of cutlery, golf clubs, hand tools 一套刀叉匙餐具、 高尔夫球杆、 手用工具 * a set of six dining chairs 六把一套的餐椅 * a set of Dickens novels 一套狄更斯的小说 * a set of false teeth 一副假牙 * a tea set, ie teapot, cups, saucers, etc 一套茶具 * a new set of rules to learn 要学的一套新规则.  2 [CGp] group of people who spend much time together socially or have similar tastes and interests 经常来往、 意气相投的一些人: the literary, racing, golfing set 爱好文学、 赛马、 高尔夫球的一伙人 * the smart set, ie rich fashionable people 追求时髦的一批阔人 * the fast set, eg people who gamble, spend a lot of money, etc 放荡不　的一群人（如赌博、 挥霍等的）.  3 [C] group of pupils with similar ability in a particular subject 在某学科上能力相当的一批学生: She's in the top set in maths. 她在数学成绩最好的班上.  4 [C] (mathematics 数) group of things having a shared quality 集; 集合.  5 [C] device for receiving radio or television signals 收音机; 电视机: a transistor set 晶体管收音机 * Do not adjust your (TV) set. 请勿自行调整电视机.  6 [sing] ~ (of sth) way in which sth is placed or arranged; position or angle （某物摆放的）样子; 位置; 角度: She admired the firm set of his shoulders. 她喜欢他的肩膀很结实.  7 [sing] way in which sth sets (set2 13) 凝结、 凝固或固定的样子: You won't get a good set if you put too much water in the jelly. 果冻搀水太多就凝固不好了.  8 [C] (in a tennis match) group of games in which one side must win the greater number of games in order to win that part of the match （网球赛中的）盘.  9 (also sett) [C] rectangular paving stone （铺路用的）长方形石板.  10 (also sett) [C] badger's burrow 獾洞.  11 [C] (a) scenery being used for a play, film, etc （戏剧、 电影等的）布景, 场景: We need volunteers to help build and paint the set. 我们需要有人自愿帮忙把布景搭起、 画好. (b) stage or place where a play or (part of) a film is performed 表演戏剧或拍摄电影（片断）的舞台或场地: The cast must all be on (the) set by 7 pm. 所有演员必须在下午7时到达拍摄场地.  12 [C] young plant, shoot, etc for planting 幼苗; 树苗: onion sets 洋葱苗.  13 [C] act of setting (set2 15) hair 固定发型; 做头发: A shampoo and set costs 8. 洗头、 做头发共8英镑.  14 (idm 习语) the jet set => jet1.
set theory 
(mathematics 数) study or use of sets (set1 4) 集合论.
set
/ set; sZt/ v (-tt-, pt, pp set)
set
PLACING IN POSITION 摆放  1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put (sth) in the specified place or position; place 将（某物）放在某处或某位置; 置; 摆放: She set a tray down on the table. 她把托盘放在桌子上了. * He set a post in the ground. 他在地上树起了一根杆子. * (fml 文) We set food and drink before the travellers. 我们把食物和饮料摆在旅客面前. * The house is set (ie situated) in fifty acres of rolling parkland. 那所房子周围有五十英亩的起伏不平的草地. * Her eyes are set very close together. 她的两只眼睛长得距离很近.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth move or place sth so that it is near to or touching sth 将某物移至或放置在接近或接触到另一物处: She set the glass to her lips/her lips to the glass. 她把玻璃杯送到嘴边[用嘴唇触及玻璃杯]. * He set a match to the dry timber, ie in order to burn it. 他用火柴去点燃那乾木头. * set pen to paper, ie begin to write 动笔.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] represent the action of (a play, novel, etc) as happening in a specified place or at a specified time 设置（戏剧、 小说等）的背景: The novel is set in pre-war London. 这部小说以战前的伦敦为背景.  CAUSING TO BE IN A PARTICULAR STATE OR TO HAPPEN 使处於某状态或使发生  4 [Tn.pr, Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be in or reach the specified state 使（某人[某事物]）处於或达到某状态: The revolution set the country on the road to democracy. 这场革命把国家引上了通往民主的道路. * The firm's accounts need to be set in order. 公司的帐目需要清理. * She untied the rope and set the boat adrift. 她把绳索解开, 放开小船. * The hijackers set the hostages free, ie released them. 劫机者释放了人质.  5 (a) [Cn.g] cause (sb/sth) to begin to do sth 使（某人[某事物]）开始做某事: set a pendulum swinging 让摆摆动起来 * The sudden noise set the dog barking. 这突然的声响惊得狗汪汪叫起来. * The sight of her set his heart beating faster. 他一见到她, 不由得心就怦怦直跳. * Her remarks set me thinking. 我听了她的话不禁沉思起来. (b) [Cn.t] cause (oneself/sb) to do the specified task 使（自己[某人]）做某事: We set them to chop wood/set them to work chopping wood in the garden. 我们让他们在花园里劈木柴. * I've set myself (ie resolved) to finish the job by the end of the month. 我决心月底以前把这件工作干完.  ADJUSTING OR ARRANGING 调整或安排  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] adjust (sth) so that it is ready for use or in position 调整好（某事物）（使之随时可用或置於某位置）: set the controls, eg of a machine 调整好控制装置（如机器的） * She set the camera on automatic. 她把照相机调到自动位置.  7 Tn] (a) adjust the hands of (a clock or watch) to show the right time 拨动（钟或表）的指针至准确时间: I always set my watch by the time-signal on the radio. 我一向按照收音机的报时信号对表. (b) adjust (an alarm-clock) so that it sounds at a particular time 调好（闹钟）（使之按时响闹）: She set her alarm for 7 o'clock. 她把闹钟调到7点钟.  8 [Tn] arrange knives, forks, etc on (a table) for a meal; lay1(1b) 在（桌子）上摆好刀叉等餐具准备开饭; 铺桌子: Could you set the table for supper? 你铺好桌子准备吃晚饭好吗? * The table is set for six guests. 桌子上摆好了六位客人的餐具.  9 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ A in B/~ B with A fix (sth, esp a precious stone) firmly into (a surface or an object) 将（某物, 尤指宝石）镶嵌到（某物）上: She had the sapphire set in a gold ring. 她把那枚蓝宝石镶在金戒指上了. * Her bracelet was set with emeralds. 她的手镯上镶著绿宝石.  10 [Tn, Tn.pr] arrange or fix (sth); decide on (sth) 安排、 确定或决定（某事物）: They haven't set a date for their wedding yet. 他们的婚期还没定下来. * The government plans to set strict limits on public spending this year. 政府计画严格限制今年公费开支.  CREATING 创造  11 [Tn] (used esp with the ns shown 尤与所示名词连用) establish (sth) 建立（某事物）: Imposing a lenient sentence for such a serious crime sets a dangerous precedent. 对这样严重的罪行轻判就开了个危险的先例. * She set a new world record for the high jump. 她创下跳高的新世界纪录. * Rock stars often set fashions in clothes. 摇滚乐歌星往往创出时装的潮流. * I rely on you to set a good example. 我全靠你来树立个好榜样.  12 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for oneself/sb) present or impose (a task, piece of work, problem, etc) to be done, dealt with, etc (by oneself/sb) （给自己[某人]）提出或规定（任务、 工作、 问题等）来处理、 解决等: Who will be setting (ie writing the questions in) the French exam? 谁负责出法语试题? * What books have been set (ie are to be studied) for the Cambridge First Certificate next year? 剑桥大学主办的明年的中学会考要读哪些书? * She's set herself a difficult task/set a difficult task for herself. 她给自己提出一个艰巨的任务. * The sudden drop in share prices has set the government a tricky problem. 股票价格突然下跌给政府出了一个难题. * We must set ourselves precise sales targets for the coming year. 我们要为明年定出准确的销售指标.  MAKING OR BECOMING FIRM OR FIXED （使）凝固或固定  13 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become firm, hard or rigid from a soft or liquid state （使某物）由软变硬或由液态变成固态: Some kinds of concrete set more quickly than others. 有些种类的混凝土凝结硬化快, 有的较慢. * The jelly hasn't set yet. 果冻尚未凝固.  14 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] fix (one's face or part of the body) into a firm expression 使（脸或身体某部）呈呆板表情或姿势: He set his jaw in a determined fashion. 他挺著下巴显得很坚决.  15 [Tn] fix (hair) while it is wet so that it will dry in the desired style 固定发型; 做头发: She's having her hair set for the party this evening. 她正在为参加今晚的聚会做头发.  16 [Tn] put (a broken bone) into a fixed position so that it will mend 将（断骨）接好或复位: The surgeon set her broken arm. 外科医生为她接好断臂.  PRESENTING IN THE RIGHT FORM 以适当的形式表现  17 [Tn] choose a specific type2 for printing (a book, etc) 选用某字体为（书等）排版: This dictionary is set in Press Roman. 本词典的英文排版用的是Press Roman字体.  18 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) provide music for (words, a poem, etc) so that it can be sung 为（词句、 诗等）谱曲, 配乐: Schubert set many of Goethe's poems (to music). 舒伯特为歌德的许多诗谱了曲.  MOVING OR FLOWING 移动或流动  19 [I] (of the sun, moon or stars) go down below the horizon （指日、 月或星）落到地平线以下: In Britain the sun sets much later in summer than in winter. 在英国, 夏季日落时间比冬季晚得多. * We sat and watched the sun setting. 我们坐在那里看日落. Cf 参看 rise2 7.  20 [Ipr, Ip] (of the tide, a current, etc) move or flow in the specified direction （指潮水、 潮流等）流动: The current sets strongly eastwards. 急流迅猛东去. * The current sets in towards the shore. 潮水向岸边涌来. * (fig 比喻) The tide of public opinion has set in his favour, ie He has the support and approval of the public. 舆论的倾向是支持他的. * (fig 比喻) Opinion seems to be setting against (ie People are not in favour of) the proposal. 人们似乎不赞成这个建议.  21 (idm 习语) be all `set (for sth/to do sth); be set for sth/to do sth be ready or prepared for sth/to do sth 准备好某事[做某事]: Are we all set? 我们都准备好了吗? * We were all set to go when the telephone rang. 我们都准备好要走时电话铃响了. * The socialists look set for victory in/set to win the general election. 社会党人似已决意要在大选中获胜. (For other idioms containing set, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与set搭配的其他习语, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 set the pace =>pace1; set fair =>fair1.)  22 (phr v) set about sb (infml 口) attack sb with blows or words 攻击或抨击某人: He set about the intruders with a stick. 他用棍子打那些私闯进来的人. set about sth/doing sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) begin (a task); start doing sth 开始（某工作）; 著手做某事: I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了. * I don't know how to set about this job. 这工作我不知如何入手. * The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法.
set sb against sb 
(no passive 不用於被动语态) make sb oppose or be hostile to (a friend, relative, etc) 使某人反对或敌视（朋友、 亲戚等）: The civil war set brother against brother. 因内战引起兄弟反颜. * She accused her husband of setting their children against her. 她责怪丈夫鼓动孩子反对她. set sth (off) against sth consider (sth good or positive) as balancing or outweighing (sth bad or negative) 视（某好的事物）可抵消或抵偿（某坏的事物）: You must set the initial cost of a new car against the saving you'll make on repairs. 你得想到买新汽车先花这一笔钱可省下日後修车的费用. * Set against her virtues, her faults don't seem nearly so bad. 考虑到她的优点, 她的缺点还不算太糟.
set sb/sth apart (from sb/sth) 
make sb/sth different from or superior to others 使某人[某事物]与众不同或优於其他的: Her clear and elegant prose sets her apart from most other journalists. 她的散文凝练高雅, 多数新闻工作者无出其右.
set sth aside 
(a) place sth to one side 将某事物放在一边: She set aside her book and lit a cigarette. 她把书放在一旁, 点了一支香烟. (b) save or keep (money or time) for a particular purpose （为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）: She sets aside a bit of money every month. 她每月都存一点儿钱. * I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercises. 我每天尽量腾出一些时间锻炼一下身体. (c) disregard or ignore sth; abandon or reject sth 不理会或不顾某事物; 放弃或回绝某事物: Let's set aside my personal feelings. 不必顾及我个人的感情. * Set aside for a moment your instinctive dislike of the man. 暂且不要考虑你从直觉上憎恶他这一因素. (d) (law 律) cancel or reject (a verdict, sentence, etc) 撤消或驳回（某裁决、 判决等）: The judge's decision was set aside by the Appeal Court. 法官的判决被上诉法庭驳回.
set sth back (sth) 
delay or hinder the progress of sth (by the specified time) 耽搁或阻碍某事物的进展（之时间）: Financial problems have set back our building programme. 财务上出现问题延误了我们的建设计画. * Work on the new theatre has been set back three months. 兴建新剧院的工作误了三个月. set sb back sth (infml 口) cost sb (the specified amount of money) 使某人花费（某数量的钱）: The meal is likely to set us back 15 each. 这顿饭我们可能每人要花15英镑. set sth back (from sth) (often passive 常用於被动语态) place or situate sth (esp a building) at a distance from sth 将某物（尤指建筑物）置於距另一物一定距离处: The house is set well back from the road. 这所房子与公路很有一段距离.
set sb down 
(of a vehicle or its driver) stop and allow (a passenger) to get off （指车辆或司机）停下来让（乘客）下车: The bus stopped to set down an old lady. 公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车. * I'll set you down on the corner of your street. 我在你说的那条街的拐角处停下来让你下车. set sth down note or record sth on paper; write sth down 将某事物记在纸上; 写下来: Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 你怎麽不把你的想法写在纸上呢?
set forth 
(fml 文) start a journey; set out 起程; 出发; 动身. set sth forth (fml 文) make sth known; declare or present sth 公布某事物; 宣布或提出某事物: The Prime Minister set forth the aims of his government in a television broadcast. 首相在电视广播中公布了内阁的工作目标.
set in 
(of rain, bad weather, infection, etc) begin and seem likely to continue （指雨、 坏天气、 传染等）开始并可能继续下去: I must get those bulbs planted before the cold weather sets in. 我得在天气转冷之前把这些球茎秧种上. * Those beams will need to be replaced; it looks as though woodworm has set in. 那些大梁该换了, 看样子里面生了蛀虫了.
set off 
begin (a journey, race, etc) 开始（旅行、 赛跑等）: What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? * They've set off on a journey round the world. 他们已经开始环游世界. * If you want to catch that train we'd better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车, 咱们就最好马上动身去火车站. set sth off (a) cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode 使（炸弹、 地雷等）爆炸: Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格外小心, 稍有火星就能引起爆炸. (b) cause or prompt sth 引起或激发某事物: Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. 股票市场上人心惶惶, 掀起抛售浪潮. (c) make sth appear more attractive by contrast （通过对比）使某事物更有吸引力: That jumper sets off the blue of her eyes. 在这件毛衣衬托下, 她眼睛的蓝色显得更漂亮了. set sb off (doing sth) cause sb to start (doing sth) 使某人开始做（某事物）: Don't set him off talking politics or he'll go on all evening. 可别让他谈起政治来, 要不然他一谈就得一个晚上. * Her imitations always set me off (laughing). 她模仿别人的动作, 每次都把我逗得哈哈大笑.
set on sb 
attack sb 攻击某人: I was set on by their dog as soon as I opened the gate. 我刚一开大门, 他们的狗就朝我扑来. set sb/sth on sb cause (a person or an animal) to attack sb 使（人或动物）攻击某人: The farmer threatened to set his dogs on us. 那个农场主威胁著要让狗咬我们.
set out 
leave a place and begin a journey 从某地出发上路: She set out at dawn. 她天一亮就动身了. * They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们开始了旅行的最後一程. set sth out (a) arrange or display (items) 安排或摆放（物件）: We'll need to set out chairs for the meeting. 我们要为会议摆好椅子. * She set out the pieces on the chess-board. 她把国际象棋的棋子摆在棋盘上了. * Her work is always very well set out. 她的工作总是很有条理. * (fig 比喻) You haven't set out your ideas very clearly in this essay. 在你这篇文章里, 你没把意思说清楚. (b) state or declare sth 陈述或宣布某事: He set out his objections to the scheme. 他说他反对这项计画. * She set out the reasons for her resignation in a long letter. 她在一封长信里阐明了辞职原因. set out to do sth begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goal （带著某目的）开始做某事: She set out to break the world land speed record. 她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录. * They succeeded in what they set out to do. 他们打算做的事已经做成了.
set to 
(a) begin doing sth energetically 精力充沛地开始做某事: The engineers set to on repair work to the bridge. 工程师奋力进行修桥工作. * If we really set to we can get the whole house cleaned in an afternoon. 我们要是认真干, 一个下午就能把房子打扫乾净. (b) begin to fight or argue 开始打斗或争吵: The boys set to and had to be separated by a teacher. 那些男生大打出手, 来个老师才把他们拉开.
set sb up 
(infml 口) (a) make sb healthier, stronger, more lively, etc 使某人更健康、 强壮、 活跃等: A hot drink will soon set you up. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了. * A week in the country will set her up nicely after her operation. 她手术後在郊外住上一个星期一定能复原. (b) provide sb with the money to start a business, buy a house, etc 使某人有钱创业、 买房子等: Her father set her up in business. 她父亲出钱帮她创业. * His father set him up as a bookseller. 他父亲资助他做了书商. * Winning all that money on the pools set her up for life. 她赢得足球普尔的那些彩金已够她一生花用不尽. set sth up (a) place sth in position; erect sth 摆放或竖起某物: set up a memorial, monument, statue, etc 竖起纪念物、 纪念碑、 塑像等 * Police set up road-blocks on routes leading out of the city. 警方在通往城外的路上设置了路障. (b) make (an apparatus, a machine, etc) ready for use 使（器械、 机器等）准备使用: How long will it take to set up the projector? 把这个放映机安放好需要多长时间? (c) establish or create sth 建立或开创某事物: The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题. * A fund will be set up for the dead men's families. 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来. (d) establish (a record speed, time or distance in a sport) 创（体育）记录: She set up a new world record time in the 100 metres. 她创下了新的百米世界记录. (e) cause or produce sth 造成或产生某事物: The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world. 华尔街金融滑坡引起世界股票市场的连锁反应. (f) begin to make (the specified loud noise) 开始发出（很大的噪声）: set up a commotion, din, row, etc 发出骚乱声、 嘈杂声、 争吵声等 * The cats set up a frightful yowling when the dog appeared. 猫看到那条狗就都大声叫起来. set (oneself) up as sb establish oneself in business as (a shopkeeper, craftsman, etc) 当上（店主、 手艺人等）: He moved to Leeds and set up as a printer. 他搬到利兹干起了印刷业. set oneself up as sb regard oneself as or claim to be (the specified type of person) 将自己视为或称作（某种人）: He likes to set himself up as an intellectual. 他喜欢自命为知识分子.
set-back 
n thing that hinders the progress of sth妨碍发展的事物: Hopes of an early end to the strike received/suffered a severe set-back yesterday. 希望罢工早些结束, 这一愿望昨日严重受挫. * Defeat in the by-election is a major set-back to the ruling party. 执政党在补缺选举中落选, 是一极大挫折. ,set `book (also ,set `text) book on which students must answer questions in an examination 必修课本: What are your set books for English A Level? 你们参加高级程度英语考试要读哪些必修课本?
setline 
= trawl line (trawl).
set-to 
n (pl set-tos) fight or argument 打斗; 争吵: They had the most frightful set-to. 他们大打出手, 从来没有这麽厉害.
set-up 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) structure of an organization 组织的结构: What's the set-up (like) in your company? 你们公司的机构是怎样的? * I've only been here for a couple of weeks and don't really know the set-up. 我才刚来俩星期, 还不大了解这里的组织结构.
set
/ set; sZt/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] having the specified position 处於某位置: a house set on a wooded hillside 在树木丛生的山坡上的房子 * She has deep-set eyes. 她的眼窝很深.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person's expression) fixed; stiff （指人的表情）凝滞的, 呆板的: Her face wore a grim, set look. 她脸上显出严厉、 木然的神情. * a set (ie insincere) smile 假笑.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] fixed or arranged in advance 固定的; 事先安排的: The meals in this hotel are at set times. 这家旅馆的用餐时间是固定的. * There is a set procedure for making formal complaints. 要正式提出投诉是有固定程序的. * Are there set hours of work in your company? 你们公司有固定的办公时间吗?  4 fixed and unchanging 固定不变的: He's a man of set opinions. 他是个有固定见解的人. * She has very set ideas about politics. 她在政治问题上有自己的固定看法. * As people get older they become more set in their ways. 人越老越有一定之规.  5 [attrib 作定语] deliberate; specific 故意的; 具体的: We've come here for a set purpose. 我们来到这里是有目的的.  6 (idm 习语) be (dead) `set against sth/doing sth be (firmly) opposed to sth （坚决）反对某事: The government are set against (the idea of) raising taxes. 内阁坚决反对增加税收（的意见）. be set on sth/doing sth be determined to do sth 决定做某事: He's set on going to university. 他决心要上大学. * She's absolutely set on publishing as a career. 她决意从事出版事业.
set piece 
scene in a novel, film, play, etc arranged in a fixed or typical pattern or style （小说、 电影、 戏剧等中）以固定模式或风格安排的场景: The play contains a number of typical Stoppard set pieces. 这出戏里有若干典型的斯托帕特式的场景.
set square
/ 5set skweE(r); `sZtskwZr/ triangular piece of plastic, metal or wood with angles of 90 , 60 and 30 (or 90, 45 and 45), used for drawing straight lines, esp at these angles 三角板; 三角尺.
sett
/ set; sZt/ n = set1 9, 10.
settee
/ se5ti:; sZ`ti/ n long soft seat with a back and usu with arms, for two or more people 长沙发. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xvi.
setter
/ 5setE(r); `sZtL/ n  1 any of several breeds of long-haired dog, trained to stand motionless when it scents animals or birds being hunted 蹲伏猎狗（毛长,经训练嗅到猎物蹲伏不动以助猎）. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page iii.  2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person or thing that sets sth (in various meanings of set) （set各词义所指的）人或事物: the setter of an examination paper 试卷命题人 * a `type-setter 排字工人 * a trend-setter 新潮倡导人.
setting
/ 5setIN; `sZtIN/ n  1 [C] way or place in which sth is fixed or fastened 镶嵌; 镶嵌底座: The ring has a ruby in a silver setting. 这枚戒指的银底座上镶著一块红宝石.  2 [C] (a) surroundings; environment 环境: The castle stands in a picturesque setting surrounded by hills. 这座城堡四周环山, 风景如画. (b) place and time at which an event occurs or a play, novel, etc is set （某事、 戏剧、 小说等的）背景: The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war. 故事发生在战时巴黎的一家旅馆里. * a gruesome setting for the murder 那谋杀案令人毛骨悚然的背景.  3 [C] speed, height, temperature, etc at which a device, machine, etc is or can be set to operate 装置、 机器等（可调）定的速度、 高度、 温度等; 挡: The cooker has several temperature settings. 这个炉具有几个温度定位挡.  4 [C] music composed for a poem, etc （为诗等谱写的）乐曲: Schubert's setting of a poem by Goethe 舒伯特为歌德的诗谱写的乐曲.  5 [sing] descent (of the sun, moon, etc) below the horizon （日、 月等的）落（在地平线以下）.
settle
/ 5setl; `sZtl/ n wooden seat for two or more people, with a high back and arms, the seat often being the lid of a chest 木制有扶手的高背长椅（座位下常为柜橱, 座位即盖儿）.
settle
/ 5setl; `sZtl/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make one's permanent home in (a country, etc) as a colonist 在（某国等）殖民: The Dutch settled in South Africa. 荷兰人在南非殖民. * (fml 文) This area was settled by immigrants over a century ago. 这一带在一个世纪以前是移民的殖民地. (b) [I, Ipr] make one's home in a place 定居; 安家落户: After years of travel, we decided to settle here. 我们旅行多年後, 决定在此定居. * settle in London, in Canada, in the country, near the coast 在伦敦、 在加拿大、 在乡村、 在沿海安家.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/over sth) come to rest on sth; stay for some time on sth 在某处停歇或停留一时: Will the snow settle? ie Will it remain on the ground without melting? 这雪呆得住吗? （能落在地上不融化吗? ） * The bird settled on a branch. 那只鸟落在树枝上了. * Clouds have settled over the mountain tops. 那些云彩在山顶上空停留不散. * The dust had settled on everything. 到处都是积尘. * The cold has settled on my chest, ie It is making me cough, etc. 我患感冒已引起胸部不适（咳嗽等）. * (fig 比喻) A tense silence had settled over the waiting crowd. 在等候的人群中有一种紧张的寂静感.  3 [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (back) make (sb/oneself) comfortable in a new position 使（某人[自己]）在新位置上觉得舒适: settle (back) in one's armchair 舒适地（仰）坐在单座沙发上 * The nurse settled her patient for the night, ie made him comfortable, gave him medicine, etc. 护士安顿病人过夜（让他舒适、 给他药等）. * He settled himself on the sofa to watch TV. 他舒舒服服地坐在长沙发上看电视.  4 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become calm, composed or relaxed （使某人[某事物]）平静、 镇静或放松: Wait until all the excitementhas settled. 等到激动情绪平静下来再说. * Have a drink to settle your stomach. 喝点饮料胃口就舒服些. * The thunderstorm may settle the weather. 这场雷暴过後天气可能反而好些. * This pill will help to settle your nerves. 你吃了这片药神经就不那麽紧张了. * He had been quite anxious, but I managed to settle his mind. 他原来很著急, 我总算把他的情绪稳定下来了.  5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (with sb) make an agreement about sth; arrange sth finally or satisfactorily; deal with sth 对某事物达成一致意见; 终於或满意地安排好某事物; 解决; 处理: settle a dispute, an argument, an issue, etc 解决一争端、 争论、 问题等 * That settles the matter. 事情就那样解决了. * Nothing is settled yet. 什麽也没定下来. * You should settle your affairs (eg by making a will) before you leave. 你应该把你的事情处理好再走（如先写好遗嘱）. * It's time you settled your dispute with him. 现在你该跟他把争端解决了. * We have settled that we will leave next week. 我们已经安排好下星期走. * Have you settled how it will be done? 对於如何处理这件事, 你们是否已达成协议了? (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) resolve a legal dispute by mutual agreement 相互同意解决一法律上的争端: The parties in the lawsuit settled (with each other) out of court, ie reached an agreement before the case was heard in court. 涉讼双方（相互）达成协议庭外和解.  6 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (up) (with sb) pay (what is owed, a bill, etc) 偿付, 结算（欠债、 帐单等）: You owe a lot, and it's now time to settle (with your creditors). 你欠了很多债, 现在该偿还（给债权人）了. * Have you settled (up) with her for the goods? 你跟她结算货款了吗? * If you pay for both of us now, we can settle up later. 你要是现在先付清咱们两人的帐, 事後咱们俩再细算. * The insurance company has settled her claim. 保险公司已经清偿了她的索赔款额. * Please settle your bill before leaving the hotel. 离开旅馆前请先结帐. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) (fig 比喻) punish sb for (an injury, insult, etc that one has suffered) 为（所受的伤害、 侮辱等）惩罚某人: He thinks he can laugh at me, but I'll settle with him soon. 他以为他嘲笑我之後就算完事了, 我马上就要找他算这笔帐. * settle a score, grievance, etc 清算旧仇、 积怨等.  7 (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) sink to a lower level （使某物）下沉, 下降: The dregs have settled at the bottom of the bottle. 渣滓都沉到瓶底了. * Stir the coffee to settle the grounds. 把咖啡搅一搅好让渣滓沉淀. * The shower of rain has settled the dust. 这一阵雨把尘土都赶到地上了. (b) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become clear as solid matter sinks （使某物）清澈（因固体下沉所致）: Has the beer settled? 啤酒澄清了吗? * Leave the wine on a shelf for a week to settle it. 把酒搁在架子上放一个星期好让它澄清. (c) [I] become more compact; subside 变得更紧实或坚实; 下陷: The wall sagged as the earth beneath it settled. 由於墙基的土下陷, 墙也凹陷了. * The contents of the packet have settled in transit, ie come closer together, so that there appears to be less. 小包装袋里的东西在运输中已经压实了（显得少了）.  8 (idm 习语) pay/settle an old score => old. settle one's/an ac`count (with sb) get revenge for an injury, insult, etc 为受到的伤害、 侮辱等复仇: She insulted my mother, so I have an account to settle with her. 她侮辱我的母亲, 我得跟她算这笔帐. settle sb's`hash (infml 口) deal finally with sb who is being awkward, aggressive, etc 终於整治一下那个闹别扭、 找麻烦等的人. when the dust has settled =>dust1.  9 (phr v) settle down (a) sit or lie in a comfortable position 舒适地坐或躺: She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书. (b) adopt a more stable or quiet way of life; get used to a new way of life, job, etc 过更安定或宁静的生活; 习惯於新的生活方式、 工作等: When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活? * She is settling down well in her new job. 她很能适应这份新工作. settle (sb) down (cause sb to) become calm, less restless, etc （使某人）安静、 安顿、 安心等: Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson. 等学生都静下心来再开始上课. * After all the recent excitement things have begun to settle down again. 经过最近这些激烈事情之後, 一切又都平静下来了. * The chairman tried to settle the audience down, ie get them to stop talking, etc. 主席尽力让听众安静下来. settle (down) to sth begin to give one's attention to sth 开始注意某事物: The constant interruptions stopped me settling (down) to my work. 我受到不断打扰, 无法定下心来工作.
settle for sth 
accept sth that is seen as not quite satisfactory 勉强认可某事物: I had hoped to get 1000 for my old car but had to settle for a lot less. 我那辆旧汽车原指望卖上 1000 英镑, 後来少卖了很多也认了.
settle (sb) in/into sth 
(help sb to) move into a new home, job, etc and become established there （帮助某人）迁入新居、 做新工作等, 并安顿下来: We only moved house last week and we haven't settled in yet. 我们上星期才搬的家, 还没安顿下来呢. * We settled the children into new schools when we moved to London. 我们搬到伦敦後就给孩子们转好了新学校.
settle on sth 
choose sth; decide to take sth 选择某事物; 决定做某事: Have you settled on the wallpaper you prefer? 你选好你喜欢的壁纸了吗? * We must settle on a place to meet. 咱们得把见面的地点定下来. settle sth on sb (law 律) transfer (property, etc) to sb's ownership 将（财产等）转让给某人: He settled part of his estate on his son. 他把部分财产转让给儿子了.
settled
/ 5setld; `sZtld/ adj not changing or likely to change; stable 不变的; 不大可能改变的; 稳定的: a settled spell of weather 持续一阵的天气 * lead a more settled life 过著安定些的生活.
settlement
/ 5setlmEnt; `sZtlmEnt/ n  1 (a) [U] settling or being settled 解决; 处理; 决定; 和解: the settlement of a debt, dispute, claim 债务的偿还、 争端的解决、 索赔的清偿. (b) [C] agreement, etc that settles sth 解决某事物之协议等: a lasting settlement of the troubles 一劳永逸的解决纠纷的办法 * The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers. 罢工的人已同雇主达成协议.  2 [C] (law 律) (document stating the) terms on which money or property is given to sb; money or property given in this way 金钱或财产的转让（契约）; 转让的金钱或财产: a `marriage settlement, ie one made by a spouse in favour of his/her spouse when they get married 婚姻财产协议（结婚时一方向配偶转让财产的协议）.  3 (a) [U] process of settling in a colony 殖民（过程）: the gradual settlement of the American West 向美国西部逐渐伸展的殖民过程. (b) [C] place where colonists have settled 殖民地: Dutch and English settlements in North America 荷兰人和英国人在北美的殖民地 * penal settlements in Australia 澳大利亚流放地.  4 (idm 习语) in settlement (of sth) as payment (for sth) 对（债务等的）清偿: I enclose a cheque in settlement of your account. 兹附支票一张以结清贵处帐目.
settler
/ 5setlE(r); `sZtlL/ n person who comes to live permanently in a new, developing country; colonist 移民到新的发展中国家的人; 殖民者: Welsh settlers in Argentina 移居阿根廷的威尔士人.
seven
/ 5sevn; `sZvEn/ pron, det 7; one more than six  7,七（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.
seven 
n  1 the number 7 *7; 七.  2 (idm 习语) at sixes and sevens => six .
seven- 
(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having seven of the thing specified 有七个...的: a seven-line poem 一首七行诗.
seventh 
/ 5sevnW; `sZvEnW/ pron, det 7th; next after sixth 第7, 第七（个）.  n one of seven equal parts of sth 七分之一. seventhly adv. For the uses of seven and seventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 seven 和 seventh 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
the seventh day 
the Sabbath (Saturday for Jews, Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教徒之星期六; 基督教徒之星期日）.
seventeen
/ 9sevn5ti:n; 9sZvEn`tin/ pron, det 17; one more than sixteen  17, 十七（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.
seventeen 
n the number 17 *17; 十七.
seventeenth 
/ 9sevn5ti:nW; 9sZvEn`tinW/ pron, det 17th; next after sixteenth 第17, 第十七（个）.  n one of seventeen equal parts of sth 十七分之一. For the uses of seventeen and seventeenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 seventeen 和 seventeenth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
seventy
/ 5sevntI; `sZvEntI/ pron, det 70; one more than sixty-nine 70, 七十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.
seventieth 
/ 5sevntIEW; `sZvEntIEW/ pron, det 70th; next after sixty-ninth 第70, 第七十（个）.  n one of seventy equal parts of sth 七十分之一.
seventy 
n  1 [C] the number 70 *70; 七十.  2 the seventies [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 70 to 79  从 70 到 79 的数目、 年数或温度.  3 (idm 习语) in one's `seventies between the ages of 70 and 80  在 70 到 80 岁之间. For the uses of seventy and seventieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 seventy 和 seventieth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
seventy-eight 
n old-fashioned type of gramophone record to be played at 78 revolutions per minute 每分钟 78 转的旧式电唱机唱片.
sever
/ 5sevE(r); `sZvL/ v (fml 文)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (from sth) divide or break or separate sth by cutting 切断, 割断（某物）: sever a rope 割断绳子 * a severed limb, artery 截断的一肢、 动脉 * His hand was severed from his arm. 他的手切下与胳膊分离了. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) break off; end 中止; 结束: sever relationswith sb 与某人断绝关系 * She has severed her connection with the firm. 她已同那家公司脱离了关系.  2 [I] break 断; 裂: The rope severed under the strain. 绳子拉断了.
severance 
/ 5sevErEns; `sZvErEns/ n (fml 文) [U] cutting or being cut; discontinuation 切; 割; 中断: the severance of diplomatic relations, of communications, of family ties 外交关系、 通讯、 家庭关系的断绝.
severance pay 
money paid to an employee whose contract is terminated 遣散费; 离职金; 解雇费.
several
/ 5sevrEl; `sZvrEl/ indef det, indef pron more than three; some, but fewer than many 三个以上; 一些（但不多）; 几个. (a) (det) : Several letters arrived this morning. 今天上午来了几封信. * He's written several books about India. 他已经写了几本关於印度的书. * Several more people than usual came to the lunchtime concert. 来参加午餐时间音乐会的人比平日多了几个. (b) (pron) : If you're looking for a photograph of Alice you'll find several in here. 你要是想找艾丽斯的照片, 这儿有几张. * There was a fire in the art gallery and several of the paintings were destroyed. 美术馆失了场火, 烧毁了几张画. * Several of you need to work harder. 你们有几个人还需要努力.
severally 
/ 5sevrElI; `sZvrElI/ adv (dated or fml 旧或文) separately 分开地: They had all severally reached the same conclusion. 他们分别得出了同一结论.
severe
/ sI5vIE(r); sE`vIr/ adj (-r, -st)  1 ~ (on/with sb/sth) strict or harsh in attitude or treatment; imposing stern discipline 严格的; 严厉的; 苛刻的; 纪律严明的: a severe look, punishment, measure 严厉的样子、 惩罚、 措施 * a severe critic of modern drama 严厉批评现代戏剧的评论家 * be severe with one's children 对子女很严 * Was the judge too severe on the thief? 这个法官对小偷是不是太严厉了?  2 very bad, intense, difficult, etc 非常恶劣、 紧张、 困难等: a severe storm 猛烈的风暴 * severe pain, injuries, etc 剧痛、 重伤 * a severe attack of toothache 牙齿的剧痛 * The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱灾日趋严重.  3 demanding great skill, ability, patience, etc （对技巧、 能力、 耐心等）要求很高的: a severe test of climbers' stamina 对攀登者耐力的严峻考验 * severe competition for university places 考大学的激烈竞争 * The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long. 比赛的速度极快, 很难持久.  4 (of style, appearance, clothing, etc) unadorned; simple （指风格、 外貌、 衣物等）无装饰的, 简单的, 朴素的: Her plain black dress was too severe for such a cheerful occasion. 她穿著黑色连衣裙, 在这种欢乐的场合未免太素了.
severely 
adv: punish sb severely 严厉惩罚某人 * severely handicapped 严重伤残 * dress very severely 穿得很朴素.
severity 
/ sI5verEtI; sE`vZrEtI/ n  1 [U] quality of being severe 严格; 严厉; 苛刻; 剧烈; 朴素: punish sb with severity 严厉惩罚某人 * the severity (ie extreme cold) of the winter 冬天的严寒.  2 severities [pl] (fml 文) severe treatment or conditions 严厉的对待; 艰苦的环境: the harsh severities of life in the desert 沙漠生活的艰苦.
sew
/ sEU; so/ v (pt sewed, pp sewn / sEUn; son/ or sewed)  1 (a) [I, Ipr] make stitches in cloth, etc with a needle and thread （用针线）缝: sitting sewing by the fire 坐在火炉旁不停地缝著 * sew by hand/by machine 用手[用机器]缝 * sew round the hem 缝边 * sew over the seam again 在缝合处再缝一次. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make or attach or fasten (sth) by stitching 缝制或缝上或缝合（某物）: sew a dress, skirt, etc 缝制连衣裙、 裙子等 * a hand-sewn shirt 手工缝的衬衫 * sew a button onto the shirt 把钮扣缝在衬衫上 * sew the parts of the shirt together 把衬衫各部分缝在一起 * sew the flap of the pocket down 缝上衣服口袋的盖儿.  2 (phr v) sew sth in/into sth enclose sth by sewing 将某物缝进去: sew money into the lining of a coat 把钱缝在大衣的衬里儿里. sew sth up (a) join or mend sth by sewing 缝合或缝补某物: sew up a hole in a sock 把袜子上的洞缝补好 * The suit was sewn up along the seams by hand. 这套衣服是手工缝的. (b) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) (infml 口) arrange sth; settle sth 安排或解决某事: sew up a deal, project, etc 安排一交易、 计画等 * By the end of the meeting everything should be nicely sewn up. 到会议结束时, 一切均应妥善解决.
sewer 
/ 5sEUE(r); `soL/ n. 
sewing 
n [U]  1 activity of sewing （用针线的）缝, 缝合, 缝纫.  2 work (clothes, etc) that is being sown 缝制的东西（衣物等）: Where is my sewing? 我的针线活儿在哪儿呢? * I've got a pile of sewing to do. 我有很多东西要缝. * a sewing table, basket, etc 裁缝案子、 篮子等. 
sewing-machine 
n machine for sewing 缝纫机.
sewage
/ 5su:IdV or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-;`suIdV/ n [U] waste matter from human bodies, factories, towns, etc that flows away in sewers (sewer1) （下水道里的）污物: chemical treatment of sewage 对下水道污物的化学处理 * [attrib 作定语] sewage disposal 下水道污物处理.
sewage farm 
place where sewage is treated, esp for use as manure （下水道的）污物处理场（尤指用作肥料的）.
sewage works 
place where sewage is purified so that it can be allowed to flow away safely into a river, etc （对下水道的）污物处理厂.
sewer
/ 5su:E(r) or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-;`suL/ n underground pipe or passage that carries sewage away to be treated or purified 下水道; 阴沟; 污水管; 排水管.
sewerage 
/ -IdV; -IdV/ n [U] system of sewers; drainage 排水系统.
sewer
2 =>sew.
sewn
pp of sew.
sex
/ seks; sZks/ n  1 (a) [U] condition of being male or female; gender 性别; 性: differences of sex 性的区别 * What sex is your dog? 你的狗是公的还是母的? * Everyone is welcome, regardless of age or sex. 欢迎大家, 无论男女老幼一律欢迎. * [attrib 作定语] sex discrimination, ie treating sb differently because of his/her sex 性别歧视. (b) [C] either of the two main groups (male and female) into which living things are placed according to their functions in the process of reproduction (reproduce 4) 男性, 女性, 雄性, 雌性（指生殖功能而言的）: Is this behaviour typical of the male sex? 这种行为是雄性特有的吗? * There has always been some conflict between the sexes. 两性之间从来就有矛盾.  2 [U] ~ (with sb) sexual intercourse 性交: have sex (with sb) （与某人）性交 * They often had sex together. 他们常发生性关系. * [attrib 作定语] sex organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 性器官.  3 [U] activities that lead to and include sexual intercourse; mutual physical attraction between people 性行为; 性吸引; 性感: a film with lots of sex in it 有很多性行为镜头的电影 * During puberty, young people become more interested in sex. 年轻人在青春期对性逐渐产生较大兴趣. * [attrib 作定语] a sex manual, ie giving information on sexual behaviour 性知识手册 * a sex shop, ie selling pornography, devices to make sex more enjoyable, etc 性用品商店.  4 (idm 习语) the weaker sex => weak.
sex 
v [Tn] find out the sex(1) of (a creature) 鉴别（某生物）的性别: sexing very young chicks 识别小雏鸡的性别.
-sexed 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified amount of sexual desire 有某程度的性欲的: a highly-sexed youth * over-sexed, ie too interested in sexual matters.
sexless 
adj  1 lacking sexual desire, attractiveness or activity 缺乏性欲、 性感或性行为的: a dry, sexless person 冷淡、 无性感的人 * a sexless relationship 无性行为的关系.  2 neither male nor female; having neither masculine nor feminine characteristics; neuter 无性的; 无雌雄特 徵的; 中性的.
sexy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 of or about sex(2,3) （关於）性交的, 性行为的, 性吸引的: a sexy book, film, etc 关於性行为的书、 影片等 * making sexy suggestions 提出性交的想法.  2 (a) causing sexual desire 引起性欲的; 性感的: You look very sexy in that dress. 你穿著那件连衣裙很性感. (b) feeling sexual desire 有性欲的: get/feel sexy 产生性欲[感到有性欲]. 
sexily 
adv. 
sexiness
n [U].
sex act 
sexual intercourse 性交.
sex appeal 
sexual attractiveness 性的魅力; 性感: a man with lots of sex appeal 极性感的男子.
sex life 
person's sexual activities 性生活: How's your sex life? 你的性生活怎样?
sex-starved 
adj (infml 口) not having enough opportunities for sexual intercourse 缺少性交机会的; 性饥饿的.
sex-
comb form 构词成分 six 六: sexcentenary, ie 600th anniversary.
sexagenarian
/ 9seksEdVI5neErIEn; 9sZksEdVE`nZrIEn/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person who is) of any age from 60 to 69  60 到 69 岁之间的（人）.
sexism
/ 5seksIzEm; `sZksIzEm/ n [U] (derog 贬) prejudice or discrimination against people (esp women) because of their sex 性别偏见或歧视（尤指对女性）: blatant sexism in the selection of staff 在挑选职员时明显的性别歧视.
sexist 
/ 5seksIst; `sZksIst/ adj (derog 贬) of or showing sexism （表现）性别偏见的, 性别歧视的（尤指对女性）: a sexist person, attitude, remark, book 有性别歧视的人、 态度、 言语、 书 * It is sexist to say that women are less intelligent than men. 所谓女性没有男性聪明的说法是对性别的偏见.  n (derog 贬) person who shows sexism or has a sexist attitude 有性别偏见或性别歧视的人（尤指对女性）.
sexology
/ sek5sClEdVI; sZk`sBlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of human sexual behaviour 性学.
sexologist 
/ sek5sClEdVIst; sZk`sBlEdVIst/ n expert in sexology 性学专家.
sextant
/ 5sekstEnt; `sZkstEnt/ n instrument used for measuring the altitude of the sun, eg in order to determine the position of one's ship 六分仪（测量太阳高度的仪器, 如用以为船定位）.
sextet (also sextette) 
/ seks5tet; sZks`tZt/ n (piece of music for a) group of six singers or players 六重唱（曲）; 六重奏（曲）.
sexton
/ 5sekstEn; `sZkstEn/ n person who takes care of a church and its churchyard, rings the church bell, etc 教堂司事（负责看管教堂及其墓地、 敲钟等）.
sexual
/ 5sekFUEl; `sZkFJEl/ adj  1 (a) of sex(2,3) or the sexes or the physical attraction between them 性交的; 性行为的; 性吸引的; 两性的; 肉体吸引的: sexual feelings, activity, desire 性吸引的感受、 性活动、 性欲 * Her interest in him is primarily sexual. 她喜欢他主要是肉体上的. (b) of sex(1) or gender 性别的; 性的; 男性或女性的; 雄性或雌性的: sexual differences, characteristics, etc 性的区别、 特徵等.  2 [attrib 作定语] concerned with the reproduction of offspring 生殖的; 有性生殖的: sexual organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 生殖器官 * sexual reproduction in plants 植物的有性生殖.
sexuality 
/ 9sekFU5AlEtI; 9sZkFJ`AlEtI/ n [U] sexual nature or characteristics 性别的特性或特徵; 性吸引; 性感; 性能力.
sexually 
/ -ElI; -ElI/ adv: sexually active 在性方面活跃 * a sexually transmitted disease 性传染病.
sexual intercourse (also intercourse) 
insertion of a man's penis into a woman's vagina, usu leading to the ejaculation of semen; copulation 性交; 交媾.
SF
/ 9es 5ef; 9Zs `Zf/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) science fiction.
sgd
abbr 缩写 = signed (on a form, etc).
Sgt
abbr 缩写 = Sergt.
sh
/ F; F/  interj be quiet!; be silent! 安静! ; 静一静!: Sh! You'll wake the baby! 嘘! 你要把孩子吵醒的! 
shabby
/ 5FAbI; `FAbI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) (of things) in poor condition through much use or being badly cared for （指东西）因使用过久或照管不善而破旧的: a shabby dress, chair, room 破旧的连衣裙、 椅子、 房间 * a tramp in shabby old clothes 衣衫褴褛的流浪者. (b) (of people) poorly dressed （指人）衣著寒酸的: You look rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿著那种衣服显得很寒酸.  2 (fig 比喻) (of behaviour) mean and unfair; dishonourable （指行为）卑鄙而不正当的, 不光彩的: a shabby excuse 卑劣的藉口 * play a shabby trick on sb 对某人耍鬼花招. 
shabbily 
/ 5FAbIlI; `FAblI/ adv: I think you have been shabbily treated. 我看是人家亏待你了. 
shabbiness 
n [U].
shack
/ FAk; FAk/ n roughly built shed, hut or house 简陋的棚子、 小屋或房子.
shack 
v (phr v) shack up (with sb/together) (Brit sl 俚) (esp of a couple) live together although not married （尤指情侣）未婚而同居: They've decided to shack up together in her flat. 他们决定在她的公寓里同居.
shackle
/ 5FAkl; `FAkl/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] either of a pair of metal rings linked by a chain, used for fastening a prisoner's wrists or ankles together 手铐; 脚镣; 镣铐.  2 shackles [pl] the ~s of sth (fig 比喻) conditions, circumstances, etc that prevent one from acting or speaking freely 束缚; 羁绊: the shackles of convention 习俗的束缚.
shackle 
v  1 [Tn] put shackles on (sb) 给（某人）带上手铐或脚镣.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) prevent (sb) from acting or speaking freely 束缚（某人）: shackled by outdated attitudes 受旧观念的束缚.
shad
/ FAd; FAd/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large edible fish of the N Atlantic coast of N America 西鲱（体大, 食用鱼, 产於北美北大西洋沿岸）.
shade
/ FeId; Fed/ n  1 [U] ~ (from sth) (place where there is) comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth blocking direct light or heat, esp of the sun 荫; 阴凉处: a temperature of 35C in the shade 阴凉处35C的温度 * sit in the shade of a tree, wall, etc 坐在树、 墙等的阴凉处 * Stay in the shade  it's cooler. 呆在背阴处吧--那儿凉快些. * The trees give some welcome shade from the sun. 这些树遮住了阳光, 很舒适凉快.  2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that shuts out light or makes it less bright 遮光物: an `eye-shade 遮光帽檐 * a new shade for the `lamp/`lampshade 新灯罩.  3 shades [pl] the ~s of sth (fml 文) the darkness of sth 黑暗: the shades of evening/night 暮[夜]色.  4 shades [pl] (infml 口 esp US) sun-glasses 墨镜.  5 [U] darker part(s) of a picture, etc （图画、 照片等的）较阴暗部分: There is not enough light and shade in your drawing. 你这幅画的明暗色调不够.  6 [C] (degree or depth of) colour; hue 颜色; 色度: material in several shades of blue 几种色度的蓝色材料 * choose a lighter shade 选择淡些的颜色 * Do you like the blouse in this shade? 你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗?  7 (a) [C] ~ of sth slight difference in sth 细微的差别: a word with many shades of meaning 有许多相近意思的一个词 * people with all shades of opinion 意见不一的人们. (b) [sing] a ~ (better, worse, etc) a small amount 少量; 些微: I think it's a shade warmer today. 我觉得今天暖和一点儿. * She feels a shade better than yesterday. 她感觉比昨天好一些.  8 shades [pl] ~ s of sb/sth (infml 口) reminders of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的联想: `Shades of Hitler!' I thought, as I listened to the dictator haranguing the crowd. 那个独裁者向群众声嘶力竭地训话, 我一听就想到, ｀真像希特勒!＇ * In some modern fashions we can see shades of the 1930s. 在有些摩登时装中可以看到三十年代的影子.  9 [C] (fml 文) soul after death; ghost 灵魂; 鬼魂; 阴魂: the shades of my dead ancestors 我的先祖的幽魂.  10 (idm 习语) put sb/sth in the `shade be very superior to sb/sth 使某人[某事物]相形失色: I thought I was quite a good artist, but your painting puts mine in the shade. 我原以为自己画得不错, 可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌.
shade 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) block off light from sb/sth; give shade to sb/sth 给某人[某物]遮住光线; 给某人[某物]阴凉: She shaded her eyes (from the sun) with her hand. 她把手放在眼睛上方挡住阳光.  2 [Tn] screen (a lamp, light, etc) to reduce its brightness 遮挡（灯、 光等）以减弱亮度: shade the bulb with a dark cloth 用深色布遮挡灯泡使光暗些.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) darken (a part of a drawing, etc), eg with parallel pencil lines, to give an effect of light and shade 将（图画等的某部）颜色加深（如加铅笔线条以显出明暗效果）: shade (in) this area to represent the person's shadow 把这部分画暗些以显出人影 * the shaded areas on the map 地图上颜色深的地方.  4 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from sth into sth; ~ (off) into sth (esp of colours) change gradually into (another colour or variety) （尤指颜色）逐渐变成（其他颜色）: scarlet shading (off) into pink 猩红色逐渐变成粉色 * a colour that shades from blue into green 由蓝逐渐变绿的颜色 * (fig 比喻) socialism shading into communism 逐渐向共产主义过渡的社会主义. shading n [U] (use of) pencil marks, etc that give an effect of darkness in a part of a picture （绘画的）明暗（运用）.
shadow
/ 5FAdEU; `FAdo/ n  1 [C, U] (patch of) shade caused by an object blocking direct rays of light 阴影; 影子: The chair casts a shadow on the wall. 椅子的影子映到墙上了. * Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky. 太阳很低时, 物体的影子就很长. * Her face was in deep shadow. 她的脸部在一片很暗的阴影中. * (fig 比喻) The bad news cast a shadow on/over our meeting, ie made us sad. 那个坏消息给会议蒙上了阴影. => illus at shade 见shade插图.  2 [C] dark patch or area 深色的斑; 深色部分: have shadows under/round the eyes, eg because of illness or lack of sleep 眼睛下面[周围]有黑圈（如因病或缺觉）.  3 [U] shaded part of a picture （绘画的）阴暗部分: areas of light and shadow 明暗的部分 * The light from one side leaves half the subject's face in shadow. 因光线来自一边, 画中人的脸有一半成为阴暗部分.  4 shadows [pl] partial darkness 不完全的黑暗: a figure standing in the shadows 站在较暗处的人 * the shadows of evening 暮色.  5 [C] (a) person's constant attendant or companion 如影随形的随从或伙伴: The dog is his master's shadow. 这条狗和主人形影不离.(b) person who secretly follows and watches sb, eg a criminal 跟踪盯梢的人（如对罪犯的）: The police put a shadow on the suspected robber. 警方派探员盯住那个抢劫疑犯.  6 [C] thing that is weak or unreal 微弱的或虚幻的东西: catch at shadows, ie try to obtain sth that does not exist 捕捉虚无缥缈的东西 * You can't spend your life chasing after shadows. 你不能一辈子追求不存在的东西.  7 [sing] ~ of sth (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) slight trace of sth 某事物的痕迹: not a shadow of (a) doubt 毫无疑义 * There's not a shadow of justification for your behaviour. 你的举动毫无道理.8 [sing] the ~ of sb/sth the strong influence of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的巨大影响: the shadow of the approaching catastrophe 灾难即将降临的威胁 * For years he lived in the shadow of his famous mother. 他受母亲盛名荫庇多年. * The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life. 她年纪轻轻遭此劫难, 影响了她一生.  9 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow => afraid . a `shadow of one's/its former self not having the strength, influence, etc that one/it formerly had 已不再有以前的力量、 影响力等: She used to be a great player, but now she's only a shadow of her former self. 她以前是个健将, 现在已不及当年了.
shadow 
v [Tn]   1 cast a shadow on (sb/sth) 使阴影或影子映在（某人[某物]）上: The wide brim of his hat shadowed his face. 他的大帽檐的影子映在他的脸上.  2 follow and watch (sb) secretly 跟踪盯住（某人）: A policeman in plain clothes shadowed the criminal all day. 有个便衣警察整天秘密监视那个罪犯.
shadow 
adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit politics 政) denoting leading members of the Opposition party who would probably be Cabinet ministers if their party became the Government, and who act as spokesmen on matters for which they would then be responsible 影子内阁的（指在野党若组阁, 有望成为内阁各大臣的人对各自应负责的事务发表言论方面）: the Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁 * the Shadow Foreign Secretary 影子外交大臣.
shadowy 
adj  1 full of shadows or shade 有影子的; 多阴凉的: the shadowy interior of the barn 谷仓阴凉的内部 * cool, shadowy woods 凉爽、 多阴凉的树林.  2 (fig 比喻) like a shadow; indistinct 似影子的; 模糊的: a shadowy figure glimpsed in the twilight 在暮色中闪现出的一个人影.
shadow-box 
v [I] box with an imaginary opponent 与假想对手打拳: shadow-boxing alone in the ring 在拳击台上自己练习打拳. 
shadow-boxing 
n [U].
shady
/ 5FeIdI; `FedI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 giving shade from sunlight; situated in the shade 遮阳的; 背阴的; 成荫的; 在背阴处的: a shady orchard 成荫的果园 * a shady corner of the garden 花园背阴的一角.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) not entirely honest; disreputable 不太正直的; 名声不好的: a shady business, deal, organization 不正当的生意、 交易、 组织机构 * a shady-looking person 鬼头鬼脑的人. 
shadily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
shadiness 
n [U].
shaft
/ FB:ft; ?@ FAft; FAft/ n  1 [C] (a) long slender stem of an arrow or a spear 箭杆; 矛杆. (b) [C] (arch 古) arrow; spear 箭; 矛.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) remark intended to wound or stimulate 旨在伤人或刺激人的话: shafts of malice 恶意挖苦人的话 * her brilliant shafts of wit 她的机智犀利的词锋.  3 [C] long handle of an axe or other tool, or eg of a golf-club 长柄（如斧、 高尔夫球杆等用具的）.  4 [C] either of the two bars or poles between which a horse is harnessed to pull a cart, etc 辕; 辕子.  5 [C] main part of a column, between the base and the capital 柱身. => illus at column 见column插图.  6 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) bar or rod joining parts of a machine or transmitting power in a machine （机器的）连杆, 传动轴, 旋转轴: a `crankshaft * a `drive-shaft.7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) long narrow (usu vertical) space, eg for a lift to move up and down in, for entry into a mine, or for ventilation 通道（通常指垂直的, 如为电梯、 矿井升降机等上下移动的, 或通风用的）: a `lift-shaft 升降机井 * a `mine-shaft 井筒 * sink a shaft 挖竖井. Cf 参看 gallery 6.  8 the shaft [sing] (US infml 口) unfair treatment; trickery 苛待; 诡计: give sb/get the shaft 亏待某人[受到亏待] * We were given the shaft, and lost a lot of money. 我们上了大当, 损失了很多钱.  9 [C] ~ (of sth) long thin beam (of light, etc) （光线等的）束: a shaft of light/sunlight/moonlight/lightning 一道光[阳光/月光/闪光].
shaft 
v [Tn] (US infml 口) treat (sb) unfairly or harshly; cheat 苛待（某人）; 欺骗.
shag
/ FAg; FA^/ n [U] strong coarse type of cut tobacco 浓味粗烟丝.
shag
/ FAg; FA^/ v [I, Tn] (<!> Brit sl 讳, 俚) have sexual intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）性交.
shagged
/ FAgd; FA^d/ adj [pred 作表语] (also shagged `out) (Brit sl 俚) very tired 非常累; 精疲力竭.
shaggy
/ 5FAgI; `FA^I/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 rough, thick and untidy 粗糙、 浓密而不整齐的: shaggy hair, eyebrows蓬乱的头发、 粗眉 * a shaggy beard 蓬乱的胡子.2 covered with rough untidy hair or fibres, etc 有粗糙而不整齐的毛发或纤维的: a shaggy dog, mat, coat 粗毛的狗、 垫子、 大衣. 
shaggily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
shagginess 
n [U].
shaggy-dog 
story long rambling joke, often with a pointless and not very funny ending 冗长杂乱的笑话（结尾常为平淡无趣的）.
shah
/ FB:; FB/  n (title of a) former ruler of Iran 沙（旧时伊朗国王或其称号）. 
shake
/ FeIk; Fek/ v (pt shook / FUk; FJk/, pp shaken / 5FeIkEn; `FekEn/)  1 (a) [La, I, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (about/around) (cause sb/sth to) move quickly and often jerkily from side to side or up and down （使某人[某物]）急速摇动或颠簸（常指猛然产生或停止）: a bolt shaking loose in an engine 发动机上震松的螺栓 * The earth shook under us, eg in an earthquake. 大地在我们脚下抖动（如地震时）. * The table shook when she banged her fist on it. 她用拳头把桌子敲得直颤. * Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药前先将药瓶摇一摇. * He shook the carpet to get rid of the dust. 他把地毯上的尘土抖掉了. * He shook her violently as a dog shakes a rat. 他使劲把她推来推去, 像狗玩老鼠似的. * Great sobs shook his whole body. 他哭得浑身发抖. * The bumpy car ride shook us around a bit. 汽车把我们颠得有些摇摇晃晃. * Vibrations shook the panel loose. 仪表板震松了. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a person) tremble; quiver （指人）发抖, 打颤: laughed until their sides shook 笑得他们浑身直颤 * shaking with laughter, fear, rage, etc 笑得、 吓得、 气得...打颤 * shaking with cold 冻得发抖.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) disturb the calmness of sb; trouble or shock sb 使某人心绪不宁; 烦扰或惊吓某人: shaken by the news of her death 受到她死讯的震惊 * They were badly shaken (up) in the accident. 他们在这次事故中受到很大打击. * This surprising development quite shook me. 这一惊人的新情况把我吓坏了. (b) [Tn] make (sth) less certain; weaken 动摇（某人）的想法; 减弱: shake sb's faith, courage, belief, etc 动摇某人的信仰、 削弱某人的勇气、 动摇某人的信念 * Her theory has been shaken by this new evidence. 这一新证据动摇了她的理论.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of sb's voice) become weak or faltering; tremble （指某人的嗓音）变弱, 发颤, 颤抖: His voice shook (with emotion) as he announced the news. 他宣布这一消息时, 声音（因激动）有些颤抖.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) shake hands 握手: We're agreed, so let's shake (on it). 咱们意见一致了, 握握手吧.  5 (idm 习语) shake the dust (of...) off one's feet leave a place one does not like, hoping not to return 离开厌恶之处, 但愿不再返回: After a year of misery here, I'm finally shaking the dust of this town off my feet. 我在这个市镇受了一年罪, 总算离开这里了. shake one's `fist (at sb) show that one is angry with sb or threaten sb by shaking one's fist 向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓. shake sb's `hand/shake `hands (with sb)/shake sb by the `hand grasp sb's hand and move it up and down as a greeting, or to express agreement, etc 握手（表示问候或同意等）. shake one's `head turn one's head from side to side as a way of indicating `no', or to express doubt, sorrow, disapproval, etc 摇头（表示否定、 怀疑、 悲伤、 不赞成等）. shake in one's `shoes (infml 口) be very frightened 非常害怕: He was shaking in his shoes at the thought of flying for the first time. 他想到这是他第一次乘飞机就吓得要命. shake a `leg (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) get moving; start to act; hurry 出发; 动手; 赶快; 快点儿: Come on, shake a leg, we're late already. 好啦, 快点儿吧, 我们已经晚啦. shake like a leaf tremble with fear, nervousness, etc 因害怕、 紧张...而发抖.  6 (phr v) shake down (a) settle down and function properly 安顿下来, 一切就绪: The new office staff are shaking down well. 新职员各方面都很顺利. (b) sleep somewhere where there is no proper bed 睡在没有正式床的地方: You can shake down on the floor. 你可以临时睡在地板上. shake sb down (US infml 口) get money from sb by threats, violence, etc 勒索或敲诈某人. shake sb/sth down (US infml 口) search sb/sth thoroughly 彻底搜查某人[某处]: Police shook the club down, looking for narcotics. 警方为搜索毒品把那个俱乐部彻底搜查了一遍.
shake sth from, into, onto, out of, etc sth 
move sth in the specified direction by shaking 摇动某物使之沿某方向移动: shake scouring powder into the bath 把去污粉撒进浴缸里 * shake salt from the salt-cellar onto one's food 摇晃盐瓶把盐撒在食物上 * shake sand out of one's shoes 把鞋里的沙子抖落出来.
shake sb off 
rid oneself of (sb unwanted); escape from sb 摆脱（某人）; 从某人处逃脱: shake off one's pursuers 甩掉跟踪的人 * She tried to shake him off but he continued to pester her. 她想甩开他, 但他仍不断缠著她. shake sth off get rid of sth 摆脱某事物: shake off a cold, a fit of depression 治好感冒、 消除沮丧的情绪. shake sth off (sth) remove sth by shaking 用摇动等方法除掉某物: shake the snow off (one's coat) 抖掉（大衣上的）雪.
shake sth out 
open or spread sth by shaking 用摇动等方法打开或展开某物: shake out a sheet, sail, etc 抖开床单、 帆等.
shake sth up 
mix sth thoroughly by shaking 用摇动等方法将某物混合均匀: Shake up the salad-dressing before you put it on. 把色拉调味汁摇匀再洒在色拉上.
shake sb up 
rouse sb from a state of lethargy, apathy, etc 使某人振作起来、 积极起来等: We've got to shake up all these people with old-fashioned ideas. 我们得让这些老脑筋的人清醒清醒了.
shaker 
n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) container in which or from which sth is shaken 摇动的容器; 可摇出东西的容器: a `cocktail-shaker 鸡尾酒摇动器 * a `dice-shaker 色子摇盒.
shaking 
n [sing] act of shaking 摇动; 震动; 颠簸: give sth a good shaking, ie shake it well 把某物摇匀.
shakedown 
n  1 improvised bed 临时床铺: a shakedown on the floor 地铺.  2 (US infml 口) act of getting money by violence, threats, etc 勒索; 敲诈.  3 (US infml 口) thorough search 彻底的搜查: a shakedown of drug dealers 对毒贩进行的彻底搜查.  4 final test, eg of a ship, aircraft, etc 最後的测试（如对船、 飞行器等的）: [attrib 作定语] a shakedown voyage, flight, trial, etc 最後试航、 试飞、 试用等.
shake-up (also `shake-out) 
n major reform or reorganization 大改革; 大改组: The only thing that will save the company is a thorough shake-up of the way it is run. 挽救该公司的唯一办法是彻底改变其经营方式.
shake
/ FeIk; Fek/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of shaking or being shaken 摇动; 震动; 颠簸: a shake of the head, ie indicating `no' 摇一下头（表示否定） * I gave my purse a shake, and a coin fell out. 我摇了一下钱包, 掉出一枚硬币.  2 the shakes [sing v] (infml 口) fit of trembling or shivering 哆嗦; 寒战: a high temperature and a fit of the shakes 发高烧打哆嗦.  3 (idm 习语) a fair shake =>fair1. in a couple of `shakes/in two `shakes (of a lamb's tail) (infml 口) in a moment; very soon 马上; 立刻: Hang on! I'll be back in two shakes! 电话先不要挂! 我马上就来! no great shakes => great.
Shakespearian (also Shakespearean) 
/ FeIk5spIErIEn; Fek`spIrIEn/ adj (in the style) of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的（风格的）: Shakespearean sonnets 莎士比亚十四行诗 * Shakespearian quotations 莎士比亚语录.
shaky
/ 5FeIkI; `FekI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 shaking or trembling through weakness, illness, etc （因病、 体弱等）摇晃的, 发抖的, 颤抖的: a shaky walk, voice 摇摇晃晃的步子、 颤抖的声音 * Her hands are shaky because she's nervous. 她紧张得双手发抖. * He looks a bit shaky on his feet. 他像是站不稳的样子.  2 not firm and steady; not safe and reliable 不坚定的; 不稳定的; 不安全的; 不可靠的: a shaky chair, table, wall 不安全的椅子、 桌子、 墙 * The tripod is too shaky. 这个三角架太不稳了. * (fig 比喻) a shaky argument 站不住脚的论点 * The government is looking very shaky at the moment. 政府目前看来很不稳固. * My French is a bit shaky, ie I don't speak it very well. 我的法语不太好. 
shakily 
/ -IlI;-IlI/ adv. 
shakiness 
n [U].
shale
/ FeIl; Fel/ n [U] type of soft rock that splits easily into thin flat pieces 页岩. 
shaly 
adj.
shale-oil 
n [U] oil extracted from shale 页岩油.
shall
/ FEl; Fl strong form 强读式 FAl; FAl/ modal v (esp Brit) (neg 否定式 shall not, contracted form 缩约式 shan't / FB:nt; FAnt/; pt should / FUd; FJd/, neg 否定式 should not, contracted form 缩约式 shouldn't / 5FUdnt; `FJdnt/)  1 (indicating future predictions 表示预言): We shan't know the results until next week. 我们下星期才能知道结果. * Shall we be there in time for tea? 咱们能及 时赶到那里吃下午茶点吗? * This time next week I shall be sitting on a beach in Greece. 下星期此时此刻我正坐在希腊海滨呢. * I said I should be glad to help. 我说过我很愿意帮忙. =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1项.  2 (fml 文) (indicating will or determination 表示意愿或决心): I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 我月底给你再写一封信. * You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日一定得有件新连衣裙. * He insisted that the papers should be destroyed. 他坚持那些文件得销毁. * She was determined that we should finish on time. 她坚决要我们按时完成.  3 (indicating offers or suggestions 表示提供意见或建议): Shall I (ie Would you like me to) do the washing-up? 我来洗餐具好吗? * What shall we do this weekend? 我们本周末干什麽呢? * Let's look at it again, shall we? 咱们再看一看好吗? =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3项.  4 (fml 文) (indicating orders or instructions 表示命令或指示): Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷全部收回後应试人才可离开座位. * The lease stated that tenants should maintain the property in good condition. 租约规定承租人必须保持房产完好无损.
shall
NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 PREDICTIONS 预言 (shall, will1) (a) Shall is used with I or we to predict a future event *shall与I或we连用, 预示将要发生的事情: I shall be in touch with you again shortly. 我很快再和你联系. Will (when speaking usu contracted to 'll) is used with you, he, she, it, they as well as I and we, often in more informal contexts than shall *will（口语中通常缩略成'll）与I和we连用, 也与you、 he、 she、 it、 they连用, 与shall相比, 多用於口语或较随便的场合: She'll never finish in time. 她决不能按时完成. * It'll be our first holiday for years. 这（将）是我们多年来的第一次假期. (b) In indirect speech, should and would (when speaking usu contracted to 'd) are used 在间接引语中用should和would（口语中通常缩略成'd）: I estimated that I should finish in ten days. 我估计我十天能完成. * Bill said he'd soon be back. 比尔说他很快就回来.  2 VOLITION 决定 (shall, will1) (a) Both shall and will can express determination. *shall和will均可用以表示决心. Shall is more formal, especially when used with pronouns other than I or we *shall词义较文, 与除I或we的其他代词连用时, 尤其来得庄重:He shall be given a fair trial. 他一定可以得到公平审判的. * You'll have your radio back on Tuesday. 星期二你就能取回收音机了. * We `will get the thing right!我们决心要把这件事弄对! (b) Should and would are used in clauses after be certain, be determined, insist, etc *should和would用於从句中的be certain、 be determined、 insist等词语之後: He insisted that we should make a fresh start. 他硬要我们重新开始.  3 SUGGESTIONS 建议 (shall, can2, could1) (a) Shall I and shall we are used to make suggestions *shall I和shall we可用以提出建议: Shall I drive? 我来开车好吗? * Shall we take our swim-suits? 我们带著游泳衣好不好? Can (often with of course and/or always) is also used for this purpose *can（常与of course和[或]always连用）也可用以提出建议: We can always come back tomorrow if you prefer. 只要你愿意的话, 我们反正明天还可以回来. Could is used to make more tentative suggestions *could可用以提出较试探性的建议: You could try pushing the car. 你不妨推推这辆汽车试试看. * Couldn't we ask a policeman? 我们问问警察行吗? (b) Any of these verbs can be used to ask for suggestions 这些动词均可用以徵询意见: Where shall we go now? 我们现在上哪儿去? * Can we perhaps try another route? 我们是不是可以另试试别的路线? * How could we make them listen? 我们怎样才能让他们听呢?
shallot
/ FE5lCt; FE`lBt/ n type of onion that grows as a cluster of small bulbs 青葱.
shallow
/ 5FAlEU; `FAlo/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not deep 浅的: shallow water 浅水 * a shallow saucer, dish, bowl, etc 浅的茶托、 碟子、 盆等 * the shallow end, eg of a swimming-pool 水浅的一端（如游泳池的） * shallow breathing 浅呼吸.  2 (derog 贬) (of a person) not thinking or capable of thinking seriously; (of ideas, remarks, etc) not showing serious thought （指人）肤浅的, 浅薄的; （指思想言语等）肤浅的, 浅显的: a shallow writer, argument, conversation, book 浅薄的作家、 议论、 交谈、 书. Cf 参看 deep1.
shallow 
v [I] become shallow 变浅.
shallowly 
adv.
shallowness 
n [U].
shallows 
n [pl] shallow place in a river or in the sea （河或海的）浅水处.
sham
/ FAm; FAm/ v (-mm-) [I, Tn] pretend (sth); feign 装作（某事物）; 假装: He's only shamming. 他只是假装而已. * sham illness, death, sleep 装病、 装死、 装睡 * sham dead, ie pretend to be dead 装死.
sham 
n (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 [C] (a) person who pretends to be what he is not 装成与自己实际情况不符的人: She claims to know all about computers but really she's a sham. 她自称精通计算机, 其实她是假充内行. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) thing, feeling, etc that is not what sb pretends that it is 装出的事物、 感情等: His love was a sham; he only wanted her money. 他爱她是假的, 他只想要她的钱. * Their marriage had become a complete sham. 他们的婚姻关系已虚有其表.  2 [U] pretence 假装: What he says is all sham. 他说的都是假的.
sham 
adj [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) pretended; not genuine 假装的; 假的: sham piety, sympathy, anger, etc 假虔诚、 同情、 生气等 * sham jewellery 假珠宝.
shamble
/ 5FAmbl; `FAmbl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or run awkwardly, without raising one's feet properly 笨拙地走或跑（拖著脚）: a shambling gait 蹒跚的脚步 * The old tramp shambled up to me. 那个老流浪者拖著脚向我走来. * The hungry marchers shambled slowly along (the road). 行军的人饿得步履蹒跚在路上慢慢走著. => Usage at shuffle 用法见 shuffle.
shamble 
n [sing] shambling walk 拖著脚走的步态.
shambles
/ 5FAmblz; `FAmblz/ n [sing v] (infml 口) scene of complete disorder; muddle; mess 混乱的场面; 凌乱; 杂乱: Your room is (in) a shambles. Tidy it up! 你的房间乱七八糟. 把它整理一下吧!
shambolic
/ FAm5bClIk; FAm`bBlIk/ adj (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) disorganized; chaotic 凌乱的; 混乱的.
shame
/ FeIm; Fem/ n  1 [U] painful feeling caused by wrong, dishonourable, improper or ridiculous behaviour (by oneself, one's family, etc) 羞耻; 羞愧; 惭愧: feel shame at having told a lie 说谎後感到羞愧 * hang one's head in shame 惭愧得低下了头 * To my shame (ie I feel shame that) I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢.  2 [U] ability to feel shame 羞愧感: How could you do such a thing? Have you no shame? 你怎麽竟然做出这种事? 你难道不知羞耻吗? * She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻.  3 [U] dishonour 耻辱: bring shame on sb/oneself, eg by doing sth wrong or unworthy 使某人[自己]丢脸 * How can we make people forget the family's shame? 我们怎麽能让人忘记这一家庭耻辱呢?  4 a shame [sing] (derog infml 贬, 口) (a) person or thing that causes shame or is unworthy 可耻的人或事物: It's a shame to take money from those who can't afford it. 拿别人的钱使人家无以自立是十分可耻的. (b) thing that is regrettable; a pity 遗憾的事; 可惜: What a shame you didn't win.你没赢, 真遗憾. * Isn't it a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic? 这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了, 可惜不可惜?  5 (idm 习语) put sb/sth to `shame be greatly superior to sb/sth 大大优越於某人[某事物]: Your beautiful handwriting puts my untidy scrawl to shame. 你漂亮的字体把我的潦草字迹比得见不得人. `shame on you you should feel shame (about what you have done or said) 你（对做的事或说的话）应该感到羞耻: How could you treat her so badly? Shame on you! 你怎麽能待她那麽坏? 真可耻!
shame 
v  1 [Tn] (a) cause (sb) to feel shame(1) 使（某人）感到羞愧: He was shamed by how much more work the others had done. 别人做得多得多, 他感到很难为情. (b) bring shame(3) upon (sb); dishonour 给（某人）带来耻辱; 使丢脸: You've shamed your family. 你给你们家丢脸了. * It's quite shaming that our society cares so little for the poor. 我们这个社会对穷人很不关心, 是很难堪的事.  2 (phr v) shame sb into/out of doing sth cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame 使某人感到惭愧而做[不做]某事: shame sb into apologizing 使某人惭愧得赔礼道歉.
shameful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj causing shame; disgraceful 可耻的; 丢脸的: shameful conduct, deceit, etc 可耻的行为、 骗局等. 
shamefully 
/ -fElI; -flI/ adv. 
shamefulness 
n [U].
shameless 
adj (derog 贬) having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent 无羞耻感的; 无耻的; 不要脸的: a shameless hussy 不知羞耻的荡妇 * a shameless cheat, liar, etc 无耻的骗子、 说谎的人等 * She's quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work. 她穿著性感的衣服上班而不觉羞耻. 
shamelessly 
adv. 
shamelessness 
n [U].
shamefaced 
/ 9FeIm5feIst; `Fem9fest/ adj showing feelings of shame 羞愧的; 羞怯的: a ,shame-faced expression, apology, `culprit 感到惭愧的表情、 致歉、 罪犯. 
shamefacedly 
/ -5feIstlI; -`festlI/ adv.
shammy
/ 5FAmI; `FAmI/ n [U, C] (also shammy leather) (infml 口) = chamois-leather  (chamois).
shampoo
/ FAm5pu:; FAm`pu/ n (pl ~s)  1 [C, U] (a) (type of) soapy liquid, cream, etc for washing the hair 洗发剂; 洗发液; 洗发膏: a new perfumed shampoo 新出的香型洗发液 * Don't use too much shampoo. 使用洗发剂不要过多. * dry shampoo, ie a powder brushed into the hair to clean it without wetting it 洗发粉（刷入头发中而不用水洗的粉剂）. (b) (type of) liquid or chemical for cleaning carpets, upholstery, etc or for washing a car （清洗地毯、 室内饰物、 汽车等的）洗涤剂.  2 [C] (a) act of washing the hair 洗发: give sb a shampoo 给某人洗头发 * a shampoo and set 洗头发并做头发. (b) act of cleaning a carpet, etc 清洗地毯等.
shampoo 
v (pt, pp -pooed, pres p -pooing) [Tn] wash (hair, carpets, upholstery, etc) 洗（毛发、 地毯、 室内饰物等）.
shamrock
/ 5FAmrCk; `FAmrBk/ n [C, U] clover-like plant with three leaves on each stem, the nationalemblem of Ireland 白花酢浆草（爱尔兰的国花）: wearingsome shamrock on his lapel 他西装翻领上戴著白花酢浆草.
shan't
contracted form of shall not (shall)  *shall not 的缩约式（参看shall）
shandy
/ 5FAndI; `FAndI/ n (Brit) (a) [U] drink made by mixing beer with ginger-beer or lemonade 啤酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水混合而成的饮料. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯啤酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水混合而成的饮料: Two lemonade shandies, please. 请来两杯啤酒与汽水混合的饮料.
shanghai
/ FAN5haI; FAN`haI/ v (pt, pp -haied / -5haId; -haId/, pres p -haiing / -5haIIN; -haIIN/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (infml 口) trick or force sb into doing sth 诱骗或强迫某人做某事: tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes 被诱骗买昂贵假货的游客.2 [Tn] (sl 俚) (formerly) make (a man) unconscious with drink or drugs and take him away to be a sailor （旧时）用酒或麻醉剂使（男子）失去知觉後将其掳走当水手.
shank
/ FANk; FANk/ n  1 straight slender part of an implement, etc; shaft 工具等的长柄; 杆: the shank of an anchor, a key, a golf-club 锚杆、 钥匙柄、 高尔夫球棒的杆.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (often joc or derog 常作戏谑语或作贬义) leg, esp the part between the knee and the ankle 腿; （尤指）小腿: long thin shanks 细长的腿.  3 (idm 习语) on Shanks's `pony/`mare (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) on foot (not by car, etc) 步行; 徒步: If you won't drive me, I'll have to get there on Shanks's pony. 要是你不开车送我去, 那我就只好走著去了.
tam-o-shanter
/ 9tAm E 5FAntE(r); 9tAmE`FAntL/ (also tammy / 5tmI; `tAmI/) n round Scottish woollen cap with a soft full top （苏格兰人的）呢子圆帽.
shantung
/ FAn5tQN; FAn`tQN/ n [U] type of heavy silk material, usu undyed 茧绸（通常未染色）; 山东绸.
shanty
/ 5FAntI; `FAntI/ n poorly-built hut, shed or cabin; shack 简陋的棚、 舍或小屋.
shanty town 
area inside or just outside a town, where poor people live in shanties （城镇中或近郊的）贫民窟.
shanty (US chantey, chanty) 
/ 5FAntI; `FAntI/ n (also `sea-shanty) song formerly sung by sailors while hauling ropes, etc （旧时水手拉绳索时唱的）劳动号子.
shape
/ FeIp; Fep/ n  1 [C, U] outer form or appearance; outline of an area, a figure, etc 外形; 形状; 样子: clouds of different shapes in the sky 天空中各种形状的云彩 * a garden in the shape of a semicircle 半圆形的花园 * trees in all shapes and sizes 大大小小形状各异的树 * the odd shape of his nose 他那鼻子的怪模样 * a dress that hasn't got much shape 外形欠佳的连衣裙 * The picture is round in shape. 这幅画是圆形的. * (fig 比喻) He's a devil in human shape. 他是披著人皮的魔鬼.  2 [C] thing that is difficult to see properly; vague form 模糊的东西; 朦胧的形状: I made out two dim shapes in the gloom. 我在朦胧中看出有两个模糊的影子. * A huge shape loomed up out of the fog. 在雾中隐约出现一个巨大的影像.  3 [U] (infml 口) condition; state 情况; 状态: She's in good shape (ie fit) after months of training. 她经过几个月训练身体好了. * What shape is the team in after its defeat? 这个队失败後情况如何? * The illness has left him in rather poor shape. 他经过这场大病已形容枯槁.  4 (a) C] mould, etc in which sth, eg jelly, is given a particular form 模; 模子. (b) [C, U] jelly, etc shaped in such a mould 模制的果子冻等: Have some more shape. 再吃点果子冻.  5 (idm 习语) get (oneself) into `shape take exercise, etc in order to become fit 为健美而进行锻炼等: I've been jogging a lot to get myself into shape. 我长期慢跑锻炼身体. get/knock/lick sth/sbinto `shape get sth/sb into an orderly state; arrange sth/sb properly 使某事物[某人]有条理; 恰当地安排某事物[某人]: We need a new manager to get the business into shape. 我们需要有个新经理来把业务安排妥当. * A sergeant soon knocks new recruits into shape. 中士很快就把新兵训练得规规矩矩. give shape to sth express sth clearly 清晰地表达某事: I'm having trouble giving shape to my ideas in this essay. 我在这篇文章中表达不清自己的想法. in `any shape (or form) (infml 口) in whatever form sth appears or is presented 某事物的任何形式: I don't drink alcohol in any shape or form. 我什麽酒都不喝. in `shape fit 健康: You'll never be in shape until you eat less and take more exercise. 只有少吃多锻炼才能健美. in the shape/form of sb/sth (infml 口) appearing specifically as sb/sth 以某人[某事物]的形式: Help arrived in the shape of our next-door neighbours. 来帮助我们的是隔壁的邻居. * I received a nasty surprise in the shape of a letter from the taxman. 我收到税务局的来信, 把我吓得六神无主. out of `shape (a) not having the usual shape 变形; 走样: The children have been playing with my hat  they've knocked it out of shape. 孩子们一直玩著我的帽子--把它弄得不成样子了. (b) unfit 不健康: Take exercise if you're out of shape. 身体不好就要锻炼. press sth into shape => press2. the ,shape of ,things to `come sign that shows how the future is likely to develop 未来事物可能呈现的状况. take `shape take on a definite form; become more organized 成形; 变得更有条理: The plan is beginning to take shape in my mind. 这个计画在我脑子里逐渐有了眉目. * After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape. 经过多月的努力, 这本新书渐渐像个样子了.
shapeless 
adj having no definite shape; not elegant in shape 无定形的; 形状不雅致的: The book is rather shapeless. 这本书不太像样子. * a shapeless mass, form, dress 不成形的一堆、 不雅观的形态、 不成样式的连衣裙. 
shapelessly 
adv. 
shapelessness 
n [U].
shape
/ FeIp; Fep/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) give a shape or form to sth 做成某物的形状: shape the wet clay on a potter's wheel 在陶钧上用湿黏土制坯 * shape the sand into a mound 把沙堆成小丘.  2 [Tn] have a great influence upon (sb/sth); determine the nature of (sth) 对（某人[某事物]）有重大影响; 决定（某事物）的性质: These events helped to shape her future career. 这些事促成了她後来从事的事业. * His attitudes were shaped partly by early experiences. 他的想法在一定程度上是由他早期的经历决定的.  3 [I, Ip] ~ (up) develop in a certain way 进展: Our plans are shaping (up) well, ie giving signs that they will be successful. 我们的计画进展顺利. * How is the new team shaping up? 新队的表现怎样?  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (a garment) conform to the shape of the body 使（衣服）合身: The jacket is shaped (ie becomes narrower) at the waist. 这件外衣腰部很贴身（较窄）.
-shaped 
(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having the specified shape 具有某形状的: a ,kidney-shaped `swimming-pool 肾形的游泳池 * His figure is somewhat `pear-shaped. 他的体形有点像梨. * Rugby is played with an ,egg-shaped `ball. 英式橄榄球运动使用的是卵形的球.
SHAPE (also Shape) 
/ FeIp; Fep/ abbr 缩写 = Supreme Headquarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部.
shapely
/ 5FeIplI; `FeplI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) (esp of a woman's body) having an attractive shape; well formed （尤指女子的身材）漂亮的, 匀称的: a shapely bosom 线条优美的胸部 * shapely legs 匀称的腿. 
shapeliness 
n [U].
shard
/ FB:d; FBrd/ (also sherd / F\:d; F[d/) n broken piece of pottery, glass, etc （陶器、 玻璃等的）碎片. Cf 参看 potsherd.
share
/ FeE(r); FZr/ n  1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) part or portion of a larger amount which is divided among several or many people, or to which several or many people contribute （分享到的或贡献出的）一份: a fair share of the food 应得的一份食物 * the robber's share of the stolen money 劫匪的一份赃款 * Your share of the cost is 10. 你这一份费用是10英镑. * Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits. 凡是帮过忙的就得到一份利润.  2 [U, sing] ~ (in/of sth) person's part in sth done, received, etc by several people （参与、 得到等的）份儿: What share did he have in their success? 在他们的成绩中他有何贡献? * She must take her share of the blame, ie accept that she was partly responsible. 她必须承担事故的部分责任. * You're not taking much share in the conversation, ie you're saying little. 在交谈中你没怎麽说话.  3 [C] any of the equal parts into which the capital of a business company is divided, giving the holder a right to a portion of the profits 股; 股份: stocks and shares 股份 * buy/hold 500 shares in a shipping company 购买[持有]某航运公司的500股股份 * 2 shares are now worth 2.75.  2英镑的股份现值2.75英镑. * [attrib 作定语] share capital, dealing, prices 股本、 股票交易、 股票价格 * a share certificate 股票.  4 (idm 习语) get, etc a/one's fair share of sth => fair1. get, etc a slice/share of the cake => cake. go `shares (with sb) (in sth) (Brit infml 口) share (profits, costs, etc) equally with others 与他人分享（利润）或分摊（费用）: Let me go shares with you in the taxi fare. 我和你分摊计程车费吧. the lion's share => lion.
share 
v  1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (among/between sb) give a share of sth to others 将某物平均分配: share 100 equally between five people, ie by giving them 20 each 把100英镑平分给五个人（每人得20英镑） * share the sweets among the children 把糖分给孩子们 * The profits are shared (out) equally among the partners. 合伙人均分利润. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have a share of (sth) with another or others 与别人分享（某物）: Let's share (the last cake); you have half and I'll have half. 咱们分了（最後这块蛋糕）吧, 你一半我一半. * He would share his last pound with me. 他要是剩下最後一镑也会和我分著用.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have or use (sth) with others; have (sth) in common 与别人共有或合用（某物）; 在（某方面）有共同之处: There's only one bedroom, so we'll have to share. 只有一个卧室, 所以我们得合著用. * share a bed, room, house, etc 合用一张床、 一个房间、 一所房子等 * share sb's belief, faith, optimism, etc 与某人有共同的信仰、 信念、 乐观态度等 * He shares my fears about a possible war. 他和我一样害怕有可能发生战争. * We both share the credit for (ie were both responsible for) this success. 做成这件事我们俩都有功劳. * Will you share your pen with me? 我能与你合用你的笔吗?  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (in) sth have a share in sth; participate in sth 分摊或分享某事物; 参与某事物: I will share (in) the cost with you. 我愿与你分摊费用. * She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) tell sb about sth 将某事告诉某人: She won't share her secret (with us). 她不肯把她的秘密告诉我们. * I want to share my news with you. 我想把我得到的消息告诉你.  5 (idm 习语) share and share a`like (saying 谚) share things equally 事事均分: Don't be so selfish  it's share and share alike in this house. 别这麽自私--在这所房子里要事事均分.
share-cropper 
n (esp US) tenant farmer who gives part of his crop as rent to the owner of the land 佃农.
shareholder 
n owner of shares in a business company 股东.
share index 
number used to show the current value of shares on the stock market, based on the prices of a selected number of shares 股票指数: The Financial Times share index went up five points yesterday. 《金融时报》的股票指数昨天上升了五点.
share-out 
n [sing] distribution 分配; 分摊: After the robbery the crooks had a share-out (of the stolen money). 歹徒们打劫後把赃款分掉了.
share
/ FeE(r); FZr/ n = ploughshare (plough).
shark
/ FB:k; FBrk/ n  1 any of various types of sea-fish with a triangular fin on its back, some of which are large and dangerous to bathers 鲨鱼.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who extorts money from others or lends money at very high interest rates; swindler 敲诈勒索的人; 放高利贷的人; 骗子.
shark-skin 
n [U] textile fabric with a smooth, slightly shiny surface, used for outer clothing 雪克斯金细呢, 鲨皮布（表面光滑发亮、 用作面料的织物）: [attrib 作定语] a shark-skin jacket, suit, etc 鲨皮布外衣、 套装等.
sharp
/ FB:p; FBrp/ adj (-er, -est)  1 having a fine edge or point; capable of cutting or piercing; not blunt 锋利的; 尖锐的: a sharp knife, pin, needle, etc 锋利的刀、 尖的大头针、 尖的针 * The shears aren't sharp enough to cut the grass. 这把大剪刀不够快, 剪不动草.  2 (a) (of curves, bends, slopes, etc) changing direction suddenly; abrupt （指曲线、 弯、 斜坡等）急转的, 陡峭的: a sharp bend in the road 路上的急转弯 * a sharp turn to the left 向左的急转. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] sudden; abrupt 突然的; 急剧的: a sharp drop in prices 价格的暴跌 * a sharp rise in crime 犯罪率的急剧上升.  3 well-defined; distinct; clear 轮廓鲜明的; 明显的; 清晰的: a sharp outline 清晰的轮廓 * a sharp photographic image, ie one with clear contrasts between areas of light and shade 反差大的影像 * in sharp focus 锐聚焦 * The TV picture isn't very sharp. 电视图像不太清晰. * There is a sharp contrast between the lives of the poorest and the richest members of society. 社会上贫富悬殊.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sounds) shrill; piercing （指声音）尖锐的, 刺耳的: a sharp cry of distress 痛苦的尖叫声 * the sharp raucous cawing of a crow 乌鸦的粗哑而刺耳的叫声.  5 (of tastes or smells) producing a smarting sensation; pungent （指味道或气味）强烈的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的: the sharp taste of lemon juice 柠檬汁的强烈酸味 * the sharp smell of the acid 酸的刺鼻气味 * The cheese is a little too sharp for me, ie tastes too strong. 我觉得这乾酪味道太重了点.  6 producing a physical sensation of cutting or piercing; keen 刺骨的; 凛冽的; 剧烈的: a sharp frost/wind 严寒的霜[风] * a sharp pain in the back 背部的剧痛.  7 quickly aware of things; acute; alert 灵敏的; 敏锐的; 机警的: sharp eyes, ears, reflexes 灵敏的眼睛、 耳朵、 反应 * a sharp person, mind, intelligence 机灵的人、 敏锐的头脑、 机智 * a sharp sense of smell 敏锐的嗅觉 * keep a sharp look-out 严密警戒 * It was very sharp of you to notice that detail straight away. 你真机灵, 一下子就注意到这一细节.  8 ~ (with sb) (derog 贬) intended or intending to criticize, injure, etc; harsh; severe 蓄意批评、 中伤等的; 尖刻的; 严厉的: a sharp criticism, rebuke, remark, etc 尖锐的批评、 严厉的指责、 刻薄的言语 * She was very sharp with me (ie rebuked me) when I forgot my book. 我忘带书了, 她把我训斥了一顿. * He has a sharp tongue, ie often speaks harshly or angrily. 他说话尖酸刻薄.  9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] quick; brisk; vigorous 迅速的; 敏捷的; 活跃的: a sharp struggle, contest, etc 激烈的斗争、 竞赛等 * sharp competition for the job 为获得这一工作而产生的剧烈竞争 * That was sharp work, ie It was done quickly or energetically. 这件工作干得很利索.  10 (often derog 常作贬义) quick to take advantage of sb/sth; unscrupulous 过分精明的; 狡猾的; 不择手段的: a sharp lawyer, accountant, etc 精明的律师、 会计等 * She was too sharp for me, ie outwitted me. 她太精明（我斗不过她）.  11 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) (too) smart or stylish （过分）时髦的, 漂亮的: a gambler in a sharp suit 衣著入时的赌徒 * be a very sharp dresser 是个衣著漂亮的人.  12 (music 音) (a) (of a sound, an instrument, etc) above the normal or correct pitch （指声音、 乐器的音调等）偏高的: That note sounded sharp. 那个音调听起来偏高. (b) (usu following ns 通常用於名词之後) (of notes) raised half a tone in pitch （指音符）升半音的: in the key of C sharp minor 用升C小调. =>illus at music 见music插图. Cf 参看 flat2 10.  13 (idm 习语) look `sharp be brisk; hurry 赶紧; 赶快: You'd better look sharp or you'll be late. 你得赶快, 不然就晚了. (as) sharp as a needle very intelligent and quick-witted 非常聪敏的. sharp `practice business dealings that are not entirely honest 不够诚实的交易手段.
sharp 
n (symb 符号为 #) (music 音) (symbol used to indicate a) sharp note 升半音; 升半音号: a difficult piano piece full of sharps and flats 有很多升半音、 降半音难度很大的钢琴曲. Cf 参看 flat4 4, natural6.
sharp 
adv  1 (infml 口) punctually 准时地: Please be here at seven (o'clock) sharp. 请七点整到这里.  2 (infml 口) suddenly; abruptly 突然地; 急剧地: stopped sharp 突然停住 * turn sharp left 向左急转.  3 (music 音) above the correct pitch 偏高: sing sharp 唱得偏高.
sharpen 
/ 5FB:pEn; `FBrpEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sharp （使某物）锋利, 尖锐, 陡峭, 清晰, 强烈: The tone of his letters has sharpened (ie become less friendly) recently. 他最近来信的口气变得刻薄起来. * sharpen a pencil 削铅笔 * This knife needs sharpening. 这把刀要磨一下. * This incident has sharpened public awareness of the economic crisis. 这件事提高了公众对经济危机的认识. * sharpen sb's wits, ie make sb more mentally alert 使某人更机智. 
sharpener 
/ 5FB:pnE(r);`FBrpEnL/ n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) device that sharpens 磨具; 削具: a `pencil-sharpener * a `knife-sharpener.
sharper (also `card-sharper) 
n swindler, esp one who makes a living by cheating at cards 骗子（尤指以赌纸牌行骗为生者）.
sharpish 
adj rather sharp 相当尖锐的; 相当敏锐的.  adv (infml 口) quickly; briskly 迅速地; 敏捷地.
sharply 
adv  1 in a sharp way 尖锐地; 急剧地: sharply pointed 尖尖的 * The road bends sharply. 这条路的弯转得很急. * prices dropping sharply 暴跌的价格 * sharply contrasted styles 迥然不同的风格 * speak sharply to sb 斥责某人.  2 (idm 习语) bring/pull sb up short/sharply => short2.
sharpness 
n [U].
sharp-eyed 
adj having good eyesight; quick to notice things 眼快的; 目光敏锐的: A ,sharp-eyed police officer spotted the stolen car. 那个目光敏锐的警察发现了那辆被盗的汽车.
sharpshooter 
n person who is skilled at shooting with a gun, etc 神射手; 神枪手.
sharp-sighted 
adj having good eyesight 眼快的; 目光敏锐的.
sharp-witted 
adj able to think quickly; alert 思维敏捷的; 机智的: She was sharp-witted enough to dodge her attacker. 她才思敏捷足以避开别人的攻击.
shat
pt, pp of shit.
shatter
/ 5FAtE(r); `FAtL/ v  1 I, Tn] (cause sth to) break suddenly and violently into small pieces （使某物）突然而剧烈地裂成碎片, 粉碎: The pot shattered as it hit the floor. 罐子掉在地板上摔了个粉碎. * The explosion shattered all the windows. 这次爆炸把所有窗户都震碎了. * (fig 比喻) What an ear-shattering noise! 这声音能把耳朵震聋!  2 [Tn] (infml 口) destroy (sth) completely 粉碎（某事物）: shatter sb's hopes 使某人的希望破灭 * This event shattered all my previous ideas. 这件事把我以前所有的想法都摧毁了.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) disturb the calmness of (sb); shock 扰乱（某人）的心境; 使震骇: We were shattered by the news. 这一消息震动了我们.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (Brit infml 口) exhaust (sb) completely 使（某人）筋疲力尽: We were totally shattered after the long journey. 我们经过长途旅行都已精疲力竭.
shattering 
/ 5FAtErIN; `FAtErIN/ adj very disturbing; shocking 令人极度不安的; 令人震惊的: a shattering experience 令人恐慌的事 * The news was shattering. 这个消息令人震惊.
shatterproof 
adj designed not to shatter 防碎的: shatterproof glass for car windscreens 用作汽车挡风玻璃的防碎玻璃.
shave
/ FeIv; Fev/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off sth/off) cut (hair) off the face, etc with a razor; cut hair off the face, etc of (sb) in this way （用剃刀）刮（胡须等）; 为（某人）剃毛发: I shave every morning. 我每天早上刮脸. * The nurse washed and shaved the patient. 护士给病人清洗皮肤、 刮去毛发. * Buddhist priests shave their heads. 和尚都剃光头. * She sometimes shaves the hair off her legs. 她有时剃腿上的寒毛. * Why don't you shave your beard off? 你怎麽不把胡子刮掉?  2 [Tn] cut or scrape thin slices from the surface of (wood, etc) 刨（木头等）; 削; 刮. => Usage at clip2 用法见clip2.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) pass very close to (sb/sth), or touch (sb/sth) slightly in passing 掠过, 擦过（某人[某物]）: The bus just shaved me by an inch. 那辆公共汽车从我身边掠过, 离我只有一英寸. * The ball narrowly shaved his off stump. 那个球紧贴著他的三柱门的外柱掠过. * The lorry shaved the barrier, scraping its side. 那辆卡车掠过路障, 刮坏了车身.  4 (phr v) shave sth off (sth) remove (a thin layer) from the surface of sth by cutting or scraping 从某物表面削去或刮掉（薄薄的一层）: shave a millimetre (of wood) off the block 把木块刨去一毫米.
shave 
n  1 act of shaving 剃; 刮: A sharp razor gives a close shave. 剃刀锋利刮得就乾净. * Have a shave before you go out. 把胡子刮刮再出门.  2 (idm 习语) a close shave => close1.
shaven 
/ 5FeIvn; `FevEn/ adj shaved 剃过的; 刮过的: ,clean-shaven 剃得乾净的 * Their heads were shaven. 他们的头都剃了. =>Usage at prove 用法见 prove.
shaver 
n  1 (also electric razor) razor with an electric motor, operated from the mains or by a battery 电动剃刀.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) lad; youngster 小伙子; 年轻人: You cheeky young shaver! 你这个毛头小伙子!
shavings 
n [pl] thin pieces of wood shaved off, esp with a plane 薄木屑; （尤指）刨花: The floor of the carpenter's shop was covered with shavings. 木匠店的地板上满是刨花. =>illus at plane 见 plane 插图.
shaving-brush 
n brush for spreading lather over the face, etc before shaving 胡刷.
shaving-cream, shaving-foam 
ns cream or foam spread over the face, etc before shaving 剃须膏.
shaving-stick 
n cylindrical piece of soap for making lather to be used for shaving 剃须皂条.
shawl
/ FR:l; FRl/ n large (usu square or oblong) piece of material worn round the shoulders or head of a woman, or wrapped round a baby （女用）披肩, 围巾; 襁褓.
she
/ Fi:; Fi/ 见词条使用详细说明6.2、 6.3. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject of a v 用作动词的主体) female person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 她; （指雌性动物）它: My sister's very strong  she can swim 5 miles. 我姐姐身体很棒--她能游5英里. * Doesn't she (ie the woman we are looking at) look like her mother? 她长得是不是很像她母亲? * Do you remember our cat? She had kittens last week. 你还记得我们那只猫吗? 上星期生小猫了. Cf 参看 her1. =>Usage at he 用法见 he.
she 
n [sing] female animal 雌性动物: We didn't know it was a she until it had puppies. 我们原来不知道这条狗是母的, 後来这狗下了小狗才知道.
she- 
(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) female 雌的: a `she-goat 母山羊.
she'd
/ Fi:d; Fid/ contracted form 缩约式  1 she had => have.  2 she would => will1, would1.
she'll
/ Fi:l; Fil/ contracted form 缩约式 she will => will1.
she's
/ Fi:z; Fiz/ contracted form 缩约式  1 she is =>be.  2 she has =>have.
sheaf
/ Fi:f; Fif/ n (pl sheaves / Fi:vz; Fivz/)  1 bundle of stalks of corn, barley, etc tied together after reaping （谷物等收割後的）束, 捆.  2 bundle of papers, etc laid lengthwise and often tied together （文件等的）束, 扎.
shear
/ FIE(r); FIr/ v (pt ~ed, pp shorn / FR:n; FRrn/ or ~ed)  1 [Tn] cut the wool off (a sheep) with shears 剪 （羊）的毛: sheep shearing time 剪羊毛的时节. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (cause sth to) become twisted or break under pressure （使某物）弯曲或折断: The bolt sheared (off) and the wheel came off. 螺栓折了, 轮子脱了出来. * The bar fell into the machinery and sheared a connecting-rod. 那根棒掉进机器里把连杆给打弯了.  3 (phr v) be shorn of sth be stripped or deprived of sth 被剥夺或除去某物: The room looked bare, shorn of its rich furnishings. 这个房间除去了豪华的家具以後, 看上去光秃秃的. * a deposed king shorn of his former power 被剥夺了权力遭废黜的国王. shear sth off (sb/sth) remove (fur, hair, etc) by cutting with shears 剪掉（毛发等）: All her beautiful tresses have been sheared/shorn off. 她那长长的秀发都给剪掉了.
shearer 
n person who shears sheep 剪羊毛的人.
shears
/ FIEz; FIrz/ n [pl] large cutting instrument shaped like scissors, used for shearing sheep, cutting hedges, etc and usu operated with both hands （剪羊毛、 修树篱等用的）大剪刀（通常需用双手使用）: a pair of shears 一把大剪刀 * `gardening shears 园艺剪刀 * `pinking shears 有锯齿的剪刀. =>illus at clipper 见 clipper 插图.
sheath
/ Fi:W; FiW/ n (pl ~ s / Fi:Tz; FiTz/)  1 (a) close-fitting cover for the blade of a weapon or tool 鞘; （工具的）套: Put the dagger back in its sheath. 把短剑插回鞘内. =>illus at knife 见 knife 插图. (b) any similar covering 鞘状物: the sheath round an electric cable 电缆的护皮 * the `wing-sheath of an insect 昆虫的鞘翅.  2 close-fitting (usu rubber) covering for wearing on the penis during intercourse as a contraceptive; condom （男用）避孕套, 保险套, 阴茎套: a contraceptive sheath 避孕套.  3 woman's close-fitting dress （女用）紧身连衣裙: [attrib 作定语] a sheath gown 紧身长袍.
sheath-knife 
n (pl -ves) knife with a fixed blade that fits in a sheath 有鞘的刀. =>illus at knife 见 knife 插图.
sheathe
/ Fi:T; FiT/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) into a sheath 将（某物）插入鞘或套中: He sheathed his sword. 他把剑插进鞘里.  2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) put a protective covering or casing on sth 给某物加上保护套: electric wire sheathed with plastic 有塑料护皮的电线.
sheathing 
n [U, C] protective covering or casing, eg on parts of a building 盖板, 望板（如建筑物的）.
sheaves
pl of sheaf.
shebang
/ FI5bAN; FE`bAN/ n (idm 习语) the whole shebang => whole.
shebeen
/ FI5bi:n; FI`bin/ n place selling alcoholic liquor illegally, esp in Ireland and Africa 非法卖酒的地方（尤指在爱尔兰和非洲的）.
shed
/ Fed; FZd/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) one-storey building used for storing things, sheltering animals, vehicles, etc or as a workshop （用以储物、 关牲口、 停车辆等或作车间的）平房, 棚: a `tool-shed 工具房 * a `wood-shed 柴房 * a `coal-shed 煤库 * a `cattle-shed 牲口棚 * an `engine-shed 机车库 * a `bicycle-shed 自行车棚. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. Cf 参看 hut.
shed
/ Fed; FZd/ v (-dd-; pt, pp shed)  1 [Tn] lose (sth) by its falling off; let (sth) fall or come off 使（某物）脱落、 剥落、 蜕下或脱下: Trees shed their leaves and flowers shed their petals. 到时候树就落叶、 花就掉瓣. * Some kinds of deer shed their horns. 鹿有些种类能脱换鹿角. * The snake sheds its skin regularly. 蛇到时候会蜕皮. * The lorry has shed its load, ie Its load has accidentally fallen off onto the road. 那辆卡车把货物掉在路上了.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) allow (sth) to pour out 使（某物）流出: shed tears, ie weep 流泪 * shed blood, ie wound or kill another person or other people 流血（使他人受伤或丧命） * shed one's blood, ie be wounded or killed 流血（受伤或被杀死）.  3 [Tn] take or throw (sth) off; remove 去掉（某物）; 除掉: shedding one's clothes on a hot day 天热时脱掉衣服 * The duck's feathers shed water immediately. 鸭子的羽毛沾不住水. * (fig 比喻) You must learn to shed (ie get rid of) your inhibitions. 你应该尽量摆脱抑制心态.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) spread or send sth out 散发出（某物）: a fire shedding warmth 向外散热的火 * The lamp shed soft light on the desk. 台灯柔和的光线照射在桌面上. * (fig 比喻) She sheds happiness all around her. 她焕发著喜悦的神采.  5 (idm 习语) cast/shed/throw light on sth => light1.
sheen
/ Fi:n; Fin/ n [U] gleaming brightness; shiny quality 光辉; 光彩; 光泽: the sheen of silk 丝绸的光泽 * hair with a glossy golden sheen 金灿灿的毛发.
sheep
/ Fi:p; Fip/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 grass-eating animal with a thick fleecy coat, kept in flocks for its flesh as food and for its wool 羊; 绵羊. Cf 参看 ewe, lamb1, ram1, black sheep (black1).  2 (idm 习语) like `sheep too easily influenced or led by others 易受他人影响; 易受他人左右. make `sheep's eyes at sb (infml 口) look at sb in a loving but foolish way 傻乎乎地向某人送秋波. one may/might as well be hanged/hung for a sheep as a lamb => hang1. separate the sheep from the goats =>separate2.a wolf in sheep's clothing => wolf.
sheep-dip 
n [U, C] (liquid used in a) bath in which sheep are immersed to kill the insects, etc in their wool 羊消毒浴（液）.
sheep-dog 
n dog trained to guard and herd sheep; dog of a breed suitable for this 牧羊犬: [attrib 作定语] sheep-dog trials, ie contests for trained sheep-dogs 牧羊犬比赛.
sheep-fold 
n enclosure for sheep 羊栏; 羊圈.
sheepskin 
n  1 [C] (a) rug consisting of a sheep's skin with the wool on it 羊皮毯（一只羊的整张毛皮）. (b) garment made of two or more such skins 羊皮袄.  2 [U] leather or parchment made from the skin of sheep 绵羊皮革; 羊皮纸.  3 [C] (US joc 谑) diploma 毕业证书.
sheepish
/ 5Fi:pIF; FipIF/ adj (feeling) foolish and embarrassed through shame 羞怯的; 局促不安的:a sheepish smile, grin, look, expression, etc 腼腆的微笑、 粲然一笑、 样子、 表情等. 
sheepishly 
adv. 
sheepishness 
n [U].
sheer
/ FIE(r); FIr/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] complete; thorough; utter 完全的; 彻底的; 十足的: sheer nonsense 一派胡言 * a sheer waste of time 纯粹浪费时间 * by sheer chance 完全出於偶然地.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of textiles, etc) thin, light and almost transparent （指织物等）薄的、 轻的、 几乎透明的: sheer nylon 薄而透明的尼龙.  3 almost vertical; very steep 近乎垂直的; 陡峭的: a sheer rock, cliff, etc 陡峭的　岩、 悬崖等 * a sheer drop of 50 feet  50 英尺垂直降落.
sheer 
adv straight up or down 垂直地; 陡峭地: a cliff that rises sheer from the beach 矗立於海滩上的悬崖 * The ground dropped away sheer at our feet. 我们眼前的地面垂直地陷落下去.
sheer
/ FIE(r); FIr/ v (phr v) sheer away (from sth)/sheer off (sth) turn suddenly away from a course, topic, etc that one wishes to avoid 突然改变路线、 转换话题等; 避开: When he saw me coming he sheered off in the opposite direction. 他一看到我过来, 掉头就走了. * She tends to sheer away from any discussion of her divorce. 一谈到她离婚的事她就尽量转换话题.
sheet
/ Fi:t; Fit/ n  1 large rectangular piece of cotton, linen, etc, usu used in pairs between which a person sleeps 被单; 褥单; 床单: put clean sheets on the bed 把乾净的被单铺在床上.  2 (a) broad thin piece of any material 薄板; 薄片: a sheet of glass, tin, copper, paper 一块玻璃、 一块镀锡铁皮、 一块铜片、 一张纸 * [attrib 作定语] sheet metal, copper, tin, etc, ie rolled or hammered into thin sheets 金属薄板、 薄铜板、 镀锡铁皮. (b) piece of paper for writing or printing on, usu in a standard size （书写或打印用的）纸（通常指大小有一定规格的）: two sheets of A4 两张A4的纸 * put a fresh sheet in the typewriter 把一张纸放进打字机中.  3 wide expanse (of water, ice, snow, flame, etc) （水、 冰、 雪、 火等的）一片: (infml 口) The rain came down in sheets, ie very heavily. 大雨滂沱. * After the heavy frost the road was a sheet of ice. 浓霜过後, 路面结了一层冰.  4 (idm 习语) a clean sheet/slate => clean1. white as a sheet => white1.
sheeting 
n [U] material used for making sheets (sheet1 1) 用作被单、 褥单或床单等的料子.
sheet lightning 
lightning that appears as a broad expanse of light in the sky 片状闪电.
sheet music 
music published on separate sheets and not bound in a book 活页乐谱.
sheikh (also sheik) 
/ FeIk; ?@ Fi:k; Fik/ n  1 Arab chief; head of an Arab village, tribe, etc （阿拉伯的）酋长; （阿拉伯村庄、 部落等的）首领.  2 Muslim religious leader （伊斯兰教的）教长.
sheikhdom (also sheikdom) 
/ -dEm; -dEm/ n area of land ruled by a sheikh 酋长统辖的领土; 酋长国.
sheila
/ 5Fi:lE; `FilE/ n (Austral or NZ sl 澳或新西兰, 俚) girl or young woman 少女; 少妇.
shekel
/ 5Fekl; `FZkl/ n  1 [C] (a) ancient silver coin used by the Jews 谢克尔（古时犹太人用的银币）. (b) unit of money in Israel 新谢克尔（以色列的货币单位）.  2 shekels [pl] (infml joc 口, 谑) money 钱: She's raking in the shekels (ie earning a lot of money) in her new job. 她做这份新工作可捞著钱了.
sheldrake
/ 5FeldreIk; `FZl9drek/ n (pl shelduck / 5FeldQk;`FZl9dQk/) type of wild duck with brightly coloured feathers that lives in coastal areas 翘鼻麻鸭.
shelduck
/ 5FeldQk; `FZl9dQk/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) female sheldrake （雌的）翘鼻麻鸭.
shelf
/ Felf; FZlf/ n (pl shelves / Felvz; FZlvz/)  1 flat rectangular piece of wood, metal, glass or other material fastened horizontally to a wall or in a cupboard, bookcase, etc for things to be placed on （柜橱、 书架等的）搁架, 搁板: put up a shelf 搭搁板 * a shelf full of crockery 摆满了陶器的架子 * a `bookshelf 书架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.  2 thing resembling a shelf, esp a piece of rock projecting from a cliff, etc or from the edge of a mass of land under the sea 搁板状物; （尤指）悬崖等上突出的岩石, 大陆架: the continental shelf 大陆架.  3 (idm 习语) on the `shelf (infml 口) (a) (of a person) put aside as if no longer useful （指人）被闲置（似已无用）: A retired person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf. 不应该让退休的人感到自己是个闲人. (b) (often sexist 常含性别偏见) (of an unmarried woman) regarded as being too old to be likely to be asked to marry sb （指未婚女子）被认为年龄较大因而不太可能有人向她求婚: Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30. 过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄.
shelf-life 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) time for which a stored item remains usable 贮藏寿命（物品的保存期限）: packets of biscuits with a shelf-life of two or three weeks 保存期为二至三星期的袋装饼乾.
shelf-mark 
n number marked on a book to show where it should be kept in a library 排架号（图书馆标於书上指示置於书架位置的编号）.
shell
/ Fel; FZl/ n  1 [C, U] hard outer covering of eggs, of nut-kernels, of some seeds and fruits, and of animals such as oysters, snails, crabs and tortoises （卵、 坚果、 种子、 果实以及牡蛎、 蜗牛、 蟹、 龟等的）壳: collecting sea-shells on the beach 在海滩捡贝壳 * empty coconut shells 空的椰子壳 * broken pieces of shell 贝壳的碎片. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C] (a) walls, outer structure, etc of an unfinished or burnt-out building, ship, etc （尚未完工的或被火烧毁房子或船等的）骨架、 框架等: Only the shell of the factory was left after the fire had been put out. 大火扑灭之後, 工厂只剩下个空架子了. (b) any structure that forms a firm framework or covering （任何形式的）坚固框架或外罩: the metal shell of the aircraft engine 飞机发动机的金属外壳 * the rigid body shell of a car 汽车坚固的车体外壳.  3 [C] (a) metal case filled with explosive, to be fired from a large gun 炮弹: The building was destroyed by an artillery shell. 这座建筑物被炮弹炸毁了. Cf 参看 cartridge1, shot1 4. (b) (US) = cartridge1.  4 [C] light rowing-boat for racing （轻型的）赛艇.  5 (idm 习语) come out of one's `shell become less shy, reserved, etc 不再羞怯、 沉默等: She used to be so quiet, but now she's really coming out of her shell and chatting to everyone. 她一向沉默寡言, 但现在可真活了, 跟谁都能谈得来. go, retire, withdraw, etc into one's `shell become more shy, reserved, etc 越发羞怯、 沉默等: Her rejection of him seems to have made him go back into his shell. 他遭她拒绝後就更不爱吭声了.
shell 
v  1 [Tn] (US also shuck) remove the shell of (sth) 除去（某物）的壳: shell peas, peanuts, almonds, etc 剥豌豆、 花生、 杏仁等 * (saying 谚) It's as easy as shelling peas, ie very easy. 这事非常容易.  2 [Tn] fire shells (shell3) at (sb/sth) 炮击（某人[某物]）: shell the enemy positions 炮击敌人阵地.  3 (phr v) shell out (sth) (for sth) (infml 口) pay out, often reluctantly 付款（常指不情愿地）: I shall be expected to shell out (the money) for the party. 这次聚会可能要让我花钱.
shell bean 
(US) bean of which the seed is eaten and not the pod 不连豆荚吃的豆类.
shellfish 
n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (a) [C] type of water animal with a shell, esp one of the edible types, eg oysters, mussels, crabs and shrimps 水生有壳动物（如牡蛎、 贻贝、 蟹及虾等可食用者）. (b) [U] such animals as food （作食物用的）水生有壳动物: I eat lots of shellfish. 我常吃虾、 蟹及贝类食物.
shell-shock 
n [U] nervous illness that can affect soldiers who have been in battle for a long time 炮弹休克（士兵因久战而患的神经病）.
shell-shocked 
adj  1 suffering from shell-shock 患炮弹休克的.  2 (fig 比喻) shocked; confused; dazed 震惊的; 慌乱的; 眩晕的: I felt totally shell-shocked after coping with five boisterous children all day. 我和五个吵闹的孩子周旋了一整天, 觉得头昏脑胀.
shellac
/ FE5lAk, also 5FelAk; FE`lAk/ n [U] resinous substance in the form of thin sheets or flakes, used in making varnish 虫胶; 紫（胶虫）胶.
shellac 
v (-ck-) [Tn]  1 varnish (sth) with shellac 给（某物）涂上虫胶清漆.  2 (US infml 口) defeat (sb) soundly or severely 彻底击败（某人）. 
shellacking 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) (US infml 口) sound or severe defeat 彻底的失败: We gave their team a real shellacking. 我们把他们队打得落花流水.
shelter
/ 5FeltE(r); `FZltL/ n  1 [U] ~ (from sth) condition of being protected, kept safe, etc, eg from rain, danger, attack; refuge 遮蔽, 庇护（如避雨、 脱险、 免受攻击等）: seek/take shelter from the rain, eg under a tree 避雨（如在树下） * get under shelter, eg when bombs are dropping during an air-raid 隐蔽起来（如在空袭时） * They found shelter from the storm in a barn. 他们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨. * The high fence gives/affords (us) some shelter from the wind. 这道高栅栏（给我们）挡住了风.  2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) structure built to give protection, esp from rain, wind or attack 遮蔽物, 庇护物（尤指避雨、 避风或免受攻击者）: a `bus shelter, ie one in which people wait for buses 公共汽车站的候车亭 * an `air-raid shelter 防空掩蔽所. (b) building providing refuge, esp for homeless people 收容所（尤指为无家可归的人提供的）.
shelter 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) give shelter to sb/sth; protect sb/sth 给某人[某物]提供庇护处; 保护某人[某事物]: trees that shelter a house from the wind 给房子挡风的树 * shelter (ie hide, protect) an escaped prisoner 窝藏逃犯 * The wall sheltered the soldiers from gunfire. 这堵墙挡住了攻击士兵的炮火. * He is trying to shelter his boss from criticism. 他极力为老板顶住外界的批评. * Is our country's industry sheltered from foreign competition? 我国的工业在与外国竞争时是否有足够保障?  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) find a place that gives shelter; take shelter 躲避; 避难: shelter under the trees 躲在树下 * shelter from the rain 避雨. sheltered adj  1 (of a place) not exposed to wind, rain, etc （指地方）可避风、 雨等的: find a sheltered spot for a picnic 找个有遮蔽的地方野餐.  2 kept away from or not exposed to unhappiness or harmful influences 与不幸的或有害的事物隔绝的; 不受坏事影响的: a sheltered childhood 未受到坏事物影响的童年时代 * He has led a sheltered life in the countryside. 他在乡村生活, 避免了很多烦恼.
shelve
/ Felv; FZlv/ v [Tn] 1 put (books, etc) on a shelf or shelves 将（书等）放在搁架上.  2 (fig 比喻) abandon or postpone consideration of (a plan, project, problem, etc); delay dealing with (sth) 放弃或搁置（计画、 方案、 问题等）; 缓议（某事物）: The plans for a new theatre have had to be shelved because of lack of money. 兴建新剧院的计画因资金短缺只好搁置起来.
shelving 
n [U] (material for) shelves 搁板; 制造搁板的材料: wooden shelving 木板架.
shelve
/ Felv; FZlv/ v [I, Ip] ~ (away/down/off) (of land) slope gradually (in the specified direction) （指陆地）呈缓坡倾斜: The river-bottom shelves here. 河底从这里呈缓坡倾斜. * The shore shelves down to the sea. 海岸向海面的倾斜角度很小.
shelves
pl of shelf.
shemozzle
/ FI5mCzl; FE`mBzl/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; rumpus; brawl 喧嚷; 吵闹: I've never heard such a shemozzle! 我从来没听过这麽吵闹的!
shenanigans
/ FI5nAnIgEnz; FE`nAnE^Ens/ n [pl] (infml 口)  1 mischievous or high-spirited behaviour 恶作剧; 胡闹.  2 trickery; deception 诡计; 诈骗.
shepherd
/ 5FepEd; `FZpLd/ n person who takes care of sheep 牧羊人.
shepherd 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] guide or direct (people) as if they were sheep 带领, 引导（人群）: A guide shepherded the tourists into the coach. 导游把游客领进旅游车里. * The children were shepherded around by two teachers. 这些小学生是由两位老师带领的.
shepherdess 
/ 9FepE5des; ?@ 5FepErdIs; `FZpLdIs/ n woman who takes care of sheep 女牧羊人.
shepherd's pie (also cottage pie) 
dish of minced meat baked with mashed potatoes on top 羊倌肉饼（用碎肉做的饼覆以土豆泥烘烤而成）.
Sheraton
/ 5FerEtEn; `FZrEtn/ n [usu attrib 通常作定语] late 18th century style of English furniture 谢拉顿家具式样（英国18世纪的家具式样）: Sheraton chairs 谢拉顿式椅子.
sherbet
/ 5F\:bEt; `F[bIt/ [C, U]  1 refreshing drink of weak sweet fruit-juice 带甜味的果汁饮料.  2 (esp Brit) sweet fizzy drink, or the powder from which it is made 甜味汽水; 制甜味汽水的粉.  3 (US) = sorbet.
sherd
= shard.
sheriff
/ 5FerIf; `FZrIf/ n  1 (often 常作 High `Sheriff) chief officer of the Crown in counties and certain cities of England and Wales, with legal and ceremonial duties （英格兰和威尔士某些地区或城市的）行政长官, 郡长. Cf 参看 reeve 1.  2 chief judge of a district in Scotland （苏格兰的）司法长官.  3 (in the US) chief officer responsible for enforcing the law in a county （美国的）县治安官.
sherry
/ 5FerI; `FZrI/ n (a) [U, C] type of yellow or brown fortified wine, originally from S Spain 雪利酒（西班牙南部产的黄色或褐色加度葡萄酒）: Do you like sweet or dry sherry? 你喜欢甜的还是不甜的雪利酒? * high-quality sherries 上等雪利酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯雪利酒: have a sherry before dinner 饭前喝杯雪利酒.
Shetland
/ 5FetlEnd; `FZtlEnd/ n (also the Shetlands [pl]) group of islands off the north coast of Scotland 设得兰群岛（苏格兰北部）.
Shetland pony 
pony of a small rough-coated breed 设得兰小型马.
Shetland wool 
soft fine kind of wool from Shetland sheep 设得兰羊毛（质地柔软）.
shew
/ FEU; Fo/ v (arch 古) = show2.
shibboleth
/ 5FIbEleW; `FIbElZW/ n old slogan or principle that is no longer regarded by many as very important 陈旧的口号或原则（很多人认为已不太重要的）: elderly politicians still clinging to the outmoded shibboleths of party doctrine 仍然抱著党性教条的陈词滥调不放的年迈的政治家.
shied
pt, pp of shy1, shy2.
shield
/ Fi:ld; Fild/ n  1 (a) piece of (usu metal or leather) armour formerly carried on the arm to protect the body when fighting 盾. (b) (in heraldry) drawing or model of a shield displaying a coat of arms (coat) （纹章中的）盾形纹徽, 盾形徽章. =>illus at coat of arms arms (coat) 见coat of arms (coat)插图. (c) trophy in the form of a shield 盾形锦标: win the school boxing shield 赢得学校拳击赛盾形锦标.  2 ~ (against sth) (fig 比喻) person or thing that protects 起保护作用的人或物: This car polish is an effective shield against rust. 这种汽车上光蜡很有防　作用.  3 (in machinery, etc) plate or screen that protects the operator or the machine; thing used to keep out wind, dust, etc （机器等的）护板, 挡风板, 防尘板: a shield around the grip of a chainsaw 链锯手柄的护套 * the `heat-shield on a space capsule 宇宙飞船密封舱的隔热屏 * a welder's `eye-shield, ie to stop sparks getting into the eye 电焊工的护目罩.
shield 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sb/sth (against/from sb/sth) protect sb/sth from harm; defend sb/sth from criticism, attack, etc 保护或庇护某人[某事物]: shield one's eyes (from the sun) with one's hand 用手（挡住阳光）保护眼睛 * The police officer shielded the child with her body. 那警察用她的身体保护了小孩. * You can't shield this criminal from prosecution. 你不能包庇该罪犯而不起诉他. * I tried to shield him against prying journalists. 我竭力为他挡驾, 拦住那些锲而不舍的记者.
shift
/ FIft; FIft/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]~ (sth/sb/oneself) (from.../to...); ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (about/around) (cause sth/sb/oneself to) change or move from one position or direction to another （使某事物[某人/自己]）改变位置或方向: The cargo has shifted, ie has been shaken out of place by the movement of the ship. 货物移动了位置（因船颠簸）. * The wind shifted from east to north. 风由东转向北. * The tools shift around in the car boot every time we turn a corner. 我们每次转弯, 汽车行李箱里的工具就来回动. * The audience shifted uneasily in their seats. 观众在座位上不安地动来动去. * (infml 口) Soap won't shift that stain, ie wash it off. 肥皂洗不掉那个污迹. * Help me to shift the sofa away from the fire. 帮我把这沙发挪得离炉火远些. * You'll have to shift yourselves to another room  I want to clean in here. 你得到另一个房间去--我要打扫这里. * The teacher shifted the chairs around in the classroom. 那个教师挪动了教室里的椅子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from A to/onto B) transfer sth 转移或转换某事物: Don't try to shift the responsibility onto others: you must do the job yourself. 别想把责任推给别人, 你得自己干这件事. * He shifted the load from his left to his right shoulder. 他把重物从左肩换到右肩.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ out of sth/into sth; ~ up/down (esp US) change (gear) in a vehicle 换（挡）: shift out of first into second 从一挡换到二挡 * Shift up when you reach 30 mph. 车速达到每小时30英里时要换高挡. * You have to shift down to climb steep hills. 汽车爬陡坡得换低挡. * Learn to shift gear at the right moment. 要学会掌握在什麽时候换挡.  3 [I] (Brit infml 口) move quickly 迅速移 动: You'll have to shift if you want to get there by nine o'clock. 你要想九点钟到那儿, 就得快点. * That car can really shift! 那辆汽车要是快开的话还真够快!  4 (idm 习语) shift one's `ground take a new position or a different way of approaching a subject during an argument （辩论中）改变立场或方法.  5 (phr v) shift for oneself manage one's life without help from others 自谋生计: When their parents died, the children had to shift for themselves. 孩子们在父母死後只好自谋生路.
shift-key 
n key on a typewriter, etc which, when pressed, causes the machine to type capital letters （打字机等的）大小写字体转换键.
shift
/ FIft; FIft/ n  1 ~ (in sth) change of place, nature, form, etc （位置、 性质、 形式等的）改变, 转变: a gradual shift of people from the country to the town 人们由乡村向市镇的逐渐转移 * shifts in public opinion 公众舆论的转变 * There has been a shift in fashion from formal to more informal dress. 服装的式样已经有了转变, 以前很拘谨现在较随便.  2 (period of time worked by a) group of workers which starts work as another group finishes 轮班职工; 轮值的班（工作时间）: the `day/`night shift 日班[夜班] * work an eight-hour shift 八小时轮班工作 * working in shifts 轮班工作 * [attrib 作定语] a shift worker 轮班工作的人 * shift work, pay 轮班的工作、 工资. Cf 参看 relay 1.  3 trick or scheme for achieving sth or avoiding a difficulty （为获得某事物或逃避困难的）计谋, 手段: use some dubious shifts to get money 用某种值得怀疑的手段赚钱 * As a temporary shift, he covered up the leak with a plastic bag. 作为权宜之计, 他用塑料袋把漏洞给包上了.  4 (a) woman's straight narrow dress 狭窄的直筒式连衣裙. (b) (arch 古) woman's undergarment like a dress; chemise 连衣裙式女内衣.  5 mechanism on a typewriter, etc that allows capitals to be typed 换字键（打字机等的大小写字体转换键）: Press `Shift' and type `A'. 按｀换字键＇然後打字母｀A＇.  6 (idm 习语) make `shift (with sth) (becoming dated 渐旧) use what is available, though it is seen as barely adequate; manage 勉强使用; 将就: We haven't really got enough food for everyone but we'll have to make shift (with what we've got). 我们的食物其实并不够分的, 只好（用现有的东西）将就了.
shiftless 
adj (derog 贬) lazy and unambitious; lacking the ability to find ways of getting things done 没出息的; 无能的: a shiftless individual who never works and constantly borrows from others 从不工作、 专靠向人借钱度日的懒家伙. 
shiftlessness 
n [U].
shifty
/ 5FIftI; `FIftI/ adj (-ier, -iest) untrustworthy; deceitful; seemingly dishonest 不可靠的; 诡诈的; 不诚实的: a shifty-looking person 看上去不可靠的家伙 * shifty behaviour 不正直的行为 * shifty eyes, looks 诡诈的眼睛、 表情. 
shiftily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
shiftiness 
n [U]
shilling
/ 5FIlIN; `FIlIN/ n  1 (until 1971) British coin worth twelve old pennies; one twentieth of a pound （到1971年止）先令（英国货币, 值旧币十二便士, 为一镑的二十分之一）.  2 basic unit of money in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; 100 cents 先令（肯尼亚、 乌干达、 坦桑尼亚的基本货币单位, 等於 100 分）.
shilly-shally
/ 5FIlI FAlI; `FIlI9FAlI/ v (pt, pp -shallied) [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) be unable to make up one's mind; be undecided; hesitate 犹豫不决; 踌躇; 优柔寡断: If you keep shilly-shallying like this we'll be late. 要是你老这样举棋不定, 我们就来不及了.
shimmer
/ 5FImE(r); `FImL/ v [I] shine with a soft light that seems to waver 发闪烁的微光: moonlight shimmering on the lake 湖面上闪烁的月光 * The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun. 路面在烈日的热气中发出闪烁的微光.
shimmer 
n [U] shimmering light 微光; 闪光: the shimmer of pearls 珍珠的闪光.
shin
/ FIn; FIn/ n front part of the leg below the knee 胫; 胫部: get kicked on the shin 小腿上被踢了一脚. =>illus at human 见 human 插图.
shin 
v (-nn-) (phr v) shin up/down (sth) climb up/down (sth), using the hands and legs to grip （手脚并用沿某物）向上[下]爬: shin up a tree 爬树 * shin down a rope 沿绳索爬下来.
shin-bone (also tibia) 
n inner and (usu) larger of the two bones from the knee to the ankle 胫骨.
shin-pad (also `shin-guard) 
n pad worn to protect the shin when playing football, etc 护胫（踢足球等用的）.
shindig
/ 5FIndIg; `FIndI^/ n (infml 口)  1 lively and noisy party 热闹的聚会.  2 = shindy.
shindy
/ 5FIndI; `FIndI/ (also shindig) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; brawl 吵闹; 争吵; 打架: kick up (ie cause) a shindy 引起一场争吵 * There was a dreadful shindy in the pub last night. 昨天晚上酒馆里有人大打出手.
shine
/ FaIn; FaIn/ v (pt, pp shone / FCn; ?@ FEUn; Fon/ or, in sense 3, 用於下述第3义时作 ~d)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] give out or reflect light; be bright 发光; 反射光; 照耀: Clean the glasses until they shine. 把眼镜擦亮. * The moon is shining (through the window). 月光（通过窗户）照了进来. * The clouds parted and the sun shone (out). 云开了, 太阳出来了. * The hot sun shone down on the scene. 烈日照射著这个地方. * (fig 比喻) His face shone with excitement. 他脸上焕发著兴奋的光芒.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] aim the light of (a torch, etc) in a specified direction 用（手电筒等）的光向某方向照射: The police shone a searchlight on the house. 警察用探照灯照射这所房子. * Shine your torch into the drawer. 你用手电筒照一下这抽屉里面. * I hate lights being shone in my face. 我不喜欢灯光正对著我的脸.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) polish (sth) 擦亮（某物）: shine shoes, brassware 擦鞋、 铜器.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in sth) excel in some way 表现突出; 出众: He's a shining (ie outstanding, excellent) example of a hard-working pupil. 他是用功的学生, 是优秀的榜样. * She does not shine in conversation, ie is not a good talker. 她不擅长谈话. * I've never shone at tennis. 我从来就打不好网球.  5 (idm 习语) a knight in shining armour =>knight. make hay while the sun shines =>hay. rise and shine =>rise2.
shine 
n  1 [sing, U] brightness; polished appearance 光亮; 光泽: Give your shoes a good shine. 把你的鞋好好擦一下. * There's too much shine on the seat of these old trousers. 这条裤子臀部磨得太亮了.  2 (idm 习语) come rain, come shine; rain or shine => rain1. take a shine to sb/sth (infml 口) suddenly begin to like sb/sth 突然间喜欢上某人[某事物]: I think that dog has taken a shine to me: it follows me everywhere. 我想这狗已经喜欢上我了, 我走到哪儿它跟到哪儿.
shiner 
n (dated sl 旧, 俚) black eye 黑眼圈: That's quite a shiner you've got there. 你眼睛那儿可青了一块.
shiny 
adj (-ier, -iest) shining; rubbed until bright 发亮的; 磨光的: the shiny head of a bald man 秃头男子发亮的脑袋 * shiny black leather 乌黑发亮的皮革 * All the cups are clean and shiny. 杯子都很乾净明亮.
shingle
/ 5FINgl; `FIN^l/ n [U] small rounded pebbles on the sea-shore 海滨的小圆石.
shingly 
/ 5FINglI; `FIN^lI/ adj covered with or consisting of shingle 遍布小圆石的; 由小圆石组成的: I prefer a sandy beach to a shingly one. 我喜欢沙滩, 不喜欢遍布小圆石的海滩.
shingle
/ 5FINgl; `FIN^l/ n  1 small, flat, square or oblong piece of wood used as a covering on roofs and walls 盖板; 屋顶板; 木瓦; 墙面板.  2 (US infml 口) small wooden signboard put up outside the office of a doctor, dentist, etc （医生等挂在办事处外面的）木质小招牌.
shingle 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cover (a roof, etc) with shingles 用盖板覆盖（屋顶等）: a shingled church spire 用屋顶板覆盖的教堂尖顶.
shingles
/ 5FINglz; `FIN^lz/ n [sing v] (also ,herpes `zoster) disease caused by a virus, with a band of painful spots on the skin, esp around the waist 带状疱疹（尤多生於腰部）.
ship
/ FIp; FIp/ n  1 large vessel carrying people or goods by sea 船; 舰: a `sailing-ship 帆船 * a `merchant ship 商船 * a `warship 战舰 * the ship's company, ie the entire crew 全体船员 * board a ship for India 登上去印度的船.  2 (infml 口) (a) spacecraft 宇宙飞船; 太空船: aboard an alien ship 在外星飞船上. (b) (US) aircraft 飞行器.  3 (idm 习语) jump ship =>jump2. (like) ,ships that ,pass in the `night people who meet each other briefly and usu only once 短暂相遇的人（通常指只遇此一次）. when one's `ship comes home/in when one has become successful 等自己成功时: I'll buy a house in the country when my ship comes in. 等我有钱时, 我要在 乡间买一所房子.
ship biscuit (also ship's `biscuit) 
hard coarse biscuit used formerly as food during long voyages 硬饼乾（旧时远航备用的）: a diet of ship biscuit 以硬饼乾作固定食物.
shipboard 
adj [attrib 作定语] used or occurring on a ship 在船上的; 在船上使用的; 在船上发生的: a shipboard romance 船上的艳情.  n (idm 习语) on shipboard on a ship; on board ship 在船上.
shipbuilding 
n [U] building ships 造船业; 造船术: [attrib 作定语] a shipbuilding company, yard 造船公司、 造船厂. 
shipbuilder 
n.
ship-canal 
n canal that is wide and deep enough for seagoing vessels （可供海船通行的）运河.
shipload 
n as much cargo or as many passengers as a ship can carry 船载量: set sail with a shipload of grain 载著一船谷物起航.
shipmate 
n person travelling or working on the same ship as another 同船旅客; 同船船员: He and I were shipmates on a trawler once. 我与他一度同在一艘拖网船上工作.
shipowner 
n person who owns a ship or ships, or has shares in a shipping company 船主; 船股东.
ship's chandler 
person who deals in supplies and equipment for ships 船具商.
shipwreck 
n (a) [U] loss or destruction of a ship at sea by storm, collision, etc 海难: suffer shipwreck 遭遇海难. (b) [C] instance of this 海难: He died in a shipwreck off the south coast. 他在南部海岸一带的海难中死亡.  v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to suffer shipwreck 使（某人）遭遇海难: shipwrecked sailors 遭海难的水手 * We were shipwrecked on a deserted island. 我们遭遇海难而困在荒岛上.
shipwright 
n person employed in building or repairing ships 造船工; 修船工.
shipyard 
n place where ships are built or repaired 造船厂.
ship
/ FIp; FIp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] send or transport (sth/sb), esp in a ship 运送（某人[某物]）（尤指用船）: Are the goods to be flown or shipped? 这些货物是空运还是海运? * We ship grain to Africa. 我们把谷物运往非洲. * Fresh supplies were shipped (out) by lorry. 新到的货已由卡车运出.  2 [Tn] take (oars) out of the water into the boat 将（船桨）收进船内: We shipped (the) oars and moored alongside the bank. 我们收起桨, 把船泊在岸边.  3 [Tn] (of a boat) take in (water) over the side, eg in a storm （指船）舷侧进（水）（如在风暴中）: The waves were very high, and the boat began to ship water. 浪很大, 船舷开始进水.  4 [I] become a member of a ship's crew 当船员: ship (ie take a post) as a steward on an Atlantic liner 在航行大西洋的班轮上当乘务员.  5 (phr v) ship sb/sth off (infml 口) send sb/sth away 将某人[某物]送走: The children had been shipped off to boarding-school at an early age. 孩子们很小就送进了寄宿学校.
shipment 
/ 5FIpmEnt; `FIpmEnt/ n  1 [U] placing of goods on a ship; transport of goods by any means 装船; 装运: immediate shipment of the cargo 货物立即装运 * safe shipment by air 安全空运.  2 [C] items shipped; consignment 装载的货物; 运输的货物: a shipment of grain for West Africa 运往西非的一批谷物.
shipper 
n person who arranges for goods to be shipped 托运人; 发货人.
shipping 
n [U]  1 ships, esp those of a country or port 船舶（尤指一国或一海港的）: The canal is now open to shipping. 该运河现已通航. * [attrib 作定语] a shipping office 海运事务所 * busy shipping lanes 繁忙的海上航道 * the shipping forecast, ie a report on the weather conditions at sea 海洋气象预报.  2 transporting goods by ship 船运; 海运: the shipping of oil from the Middle East 从中东经水路运送石油. `shipping-agent n shipowner's representative at a port 船舶业务代理人.
-ship
suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词)  1 state of being; status; office 状态; 地位; 身分; 职位: friendship * ownership * professorship.  2 proficiency as; skill 技能; 技巧: musicianship * scholarship. Cf 参看 -manship (man1).
shipshape
/ 5FIpFeIp; `FIp9Fep/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] in good order; tidy 有秩序; 整齐: get the room all nice and shipshape 把房间收拾得井井有条.
shire
/ 5FaIE(r); FaIr or, in compounds, 在复合词中读作-FE(r); -FL/ n  1 [C] (arch 古) county (now chiefly usedin the names of certain counties, eg Hampshire, Yorkshire) 郡（现主要用於地名, 如 Hampshire, Yorkshire）.  2 the shires [pl] certain midland counties of England and parts of these well known for fox-hunting 英格兰中部几个郡（其中有些以猎狐区著名）.
shire-horse 
n large powerful breed of horse used for pulling carts and wagons 英格兰中部的大挽马.
shirk
/ F\:k; F[k/ v [I, Tn, Tg] (derog 贬) avoid doing (work, one's duty, etc) through laziness, cowardice, etc（因偷懒、 胆怯等）逃避（工作、 责任等）: You're supposed to tidy up, so stop shirking and do it! 要你来整理就别躲著了, 干吧! * He always shirks the unpleasant tasks. 他总是逃避那些厌恶性工作. * She is shirking going to the dentist. 她躲著不愿意去治牙. 
shirker 
n.
shirt
/ F\:t; F[t/ n  1 loose-fitting garment (usu worn by men) for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, silk, etc, with long or short sleeves 衬衫, 衬衣（通常指男用的）: a `sports shirt, ie one with short sleeves for casual wear 短袖衬衫 * a `dress shirt, ie a formal one worn with a dinner-jacket, etc 礼服衬衫. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图.  2 (idm 习语) keep one's `shirt on (infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) not lose one's temper 不生气; 不发脾气: Keep your shirt on! Nobody meant to offend you. 别发火! 没人想惹你. lose one's shirt =>lose. put one's shirt on sth (sl 俚) bet all one's money on (a horse, etc) 将全部钱财作赌注压在（马、 狗等上）; 孤注一掷: He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy. 他孤注一掷, 赌自己的队一定能赢得锦标. a stuffed shirt =>stuff2.
shirting 
n [U] material for making shirts 做衬衫用的料子.
shirt-front 
n front part of a shirt, esp the stiffened and starched front part of a formal white shirt 衬衫的胸部（尤指礼服白衬衫浆硬的部分）.
shirt-sleeve 
n sleeve of a shirt 衬衫的袖子: in one's shirt-sleeves, ie not wearing a jacket over one's shirt 穿著衬衫（未穿外衣）.
shirt-tail 
n part of a shirt that extends below the waist 衬衫的下摆.
shirtwaist 
n (US) woman's dress that buttons down the front to the waist 衬衫式连衣裙（胸部有扣至腰部的）.
shirt
/ F\:t; F[t/ n  1 loose-fitting garment (usu worn by men) for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, silk, etc, with long or short sleeves 衬衫, 衬衣（通常指男用的）: a `sports shirt, ie one with short sleeves for casual wear 短袖衬衫 * a `dress shirt, ie a formal one worn with a dinner-jacket, etc 礼服衬衫. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图.  2 (idm 习语) keep one's `shirt on (infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) not lose one's temper 不生气; 不发脾气: Keep your shirt on! Nobody meant to offend you. 别发火! 没人想惹你. lose one's shirt =>lose. put one's shirt on sth (sl 俚) bet all one's money on (a horse, etc) 将全部钱财作赌注压在（马、 狗等上）; 孤注一掷: He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy. 他孤注一掷, 赌自己的队一定能赢得锦标. a stuffed shirt =>stuff2.
shirting 
n [U] material for making shirts 做衬衫用的料子.
shirt-front 
n front part of a shirt, esp the stiffened and starched front part of a formal white shirt 衬衫的胸部（尤指礼服白衬衫浆硬的部分）.
shirt-sleeve 
n sleeve of a shirt 衬衫的袖子: in one's shirt-sleeves, ie not wearing a jacket over one's shirt 穿著衬衫（未穿外衣）.
shirt-tail 
n part of a shirt that extends below the waist 衬衫的下摆 
shirtwaist 
n (US) woman's dress that buttons down the front to the waist 衬衫式连衣裙（胸部有扣至腰部的）.
shirty
/ 5F\:tI; `F[tI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) annoyed; angry; bad-tempered 发怒的; 生气的; 脾气坏的: Don't get shirty with me! 别冲著我发脾气! 
shirtily 
adv. 
shirtiness 
n [U].
shish kebab
/ 9FIF kI5bAb; ?@ 5FIF kEbAb; `FIF kE9bBb/ = kebab.
shit
/ FIt; FIt/ n (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 [U] waste matter from the bowels; excrement 粪便; 屎: a pile of dog shit on the pavement 便道上的一堆狗屎.  2 [sing] act of emptying the bowels 拉屎: have/need a shit 拉[要拉]屎.  3 [U] stupid remarks or writing; nonsense 胡说; 胡言; 废话: You do talk a load of shit! 你胡说八道!  4 [C] (derog 贬) contemptible person 讨厌的家伙; 可鄙的人: That little shit stole my money. 那个小混蛋把我的钱偷走了.  5 (idm 习语) in the `shit in trouble 遇到麻烦事. not give a `shit (about sb/sth) not care at all 毫不关心: He doesn't give a shit about anybody else. 他对别人漠不关心. scare the shit out of sb =>scare.
shit 
v (-tt-; pt, pp shitted or shat / FAt; FAt/) (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 [I, Tn] empty (solid waste) from the bowels 拉（屎）.  2 [Tn] `~ oneself (a) soil oneself by emptying solid waste from the bowels accidentally 突然拉出屎来把自己弄脏. (b) be very frightened 极害怕.
shit 
interj (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒): Shit! I've missed the train! 妈的! 我没赶上火车!
shit 
interj (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒): Shit! I've missed the train! 妈的! 我没赶上火车!
shitty
/ 5FItI; `FItI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (<!> sl 讳, 俚 esp Brit)1 nasty; disgusting 令人厌恶的; 令人作呕的; 讨厌的: I'm not going to eat this shitty food. 我可不吃这种恶心东西.  2 contemptible; mean; unworthy 卑鄙的; 无耻的; 无足取的: What a shitty way to treat a friend! 这样对待一个朋友, 真不像话!
shiver
/ 5FIvE(r); `FIvL/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) tremble, esp from cold or fear 颤抖（尤指因寒冷或恐惧）; 哆嗦: She shivered at the thought of going into the dark house alone. 她想到要独自走进那所黑洞洞的房子里去就不寒而粟. * shivering all over with cold 冷得浑身发抖.
shiver 
n  1 [C] act of shivering 颤抖; 哆嗦: The gruesome sight sent a shiver down my spine. 那可怕情景使我的背脊发凉.  2 the shivers [pl] fit of trembling, resulting from fever or fear （因高烧或恐惧而引起的）颤抖, 战栗: lying in bed with a bout of the shivers 躺在床上浑身打战 * Having to make a speech always gives me the shivers. 一让我演讲我就吓得直哆嗦.
shivery 
/ 5FIvErI; `FIvErI/ adj tending to shiver; having or causing a feeling of cold, horror, fear, etc 令人颤抖的; 令人毛骨悚然的: feel shivery in the damp atmosphere 在潮湿的空气中感到毛骨悚然 * a cold, shivery breeze 凛冽的寒风.
shiver
/ 5FIvE(r); `FIvL/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) any of the many small fragments of sth, esp of glass, that has been broken 碎片（尤指玻璃的）: break sth into shivers 把某物打碎 * cut one's foot on a small shiver of glass 玻璃碎片把脚划破了.
shiver 
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into shivers; shatter （使某物）裂成碎片; 打碎.
shoal
/ FEUl; Fol/ n great number of fish swimming together 鱼群: a shoal of herring, cod, etc 一群鲱鱼、 鳕鱼等 * swimming in shoals （鱼）成群地游著 * (fig 比喻) Shoals of tourists come here in the summer. 这里夏季游人如鲫.
shoal 
v [I] (of fish) form a shoal or shoals （指鱼）成群.
shock
/ FCk; FBk/ n   1 [C] violent blow or shake, caused eg by a collision or an explosion 强烈的冲击或震动（如因碰撞或爆炸造成的）: earthquake shocks 地震 * The shock of the blast shattered many windows. 许多窗户在爆炸中震碎了. * I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground. 飞机著陆时我感觉到震了一下.  2 [C] = electric shock (electric): If you touch this live wire, you'll get a shock. 摸这条带电的导线, 就会触电.  3 [C] sudden violent disturbance of the mind or emotions caused eg by bad news, a frightening event, etc 震惊; 震骇; 惊愕: The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊. * The result of the election came as a shock to us all, ie None of us expected it. 选举的结果令我们惊愕. * It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill. 听说我的病很严重, 我吃了一惊.  4 [U] state of extreme weakness caused by physical injury, pain, fright, etc 休克: be in/go into shock 处於休克状态 * suffering from shock 已休克 * What is the correct medical treatment for shock? 在医学上怎样处理休克才对? * She died of shock following an operation on her brain. 她作脑科手术後因休克死亡.
shock absorber 
device fitted to a motor vehicle to absorb vibration caused by the unevenness of the road surface, etc （汽车的）减震器. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xii.
shock-proof 
adj (esp of a watch) designed to resist damage when knocked, dropped, etc （尤指手表）防震的.
shock tactics 
sudden, violent or outrageous action taken to achieve a purpose 为达到某目的而采取的突然的、 激烈的或不道德的行动; 出奇制胜战术: The group used shock tactics to get publicity: one of them took his clothes off on TV. 这伙人为了扬名做出了惊人的举动, 其中一人在电视上当众脱下了衣服.
shock therapy (also `shock treatment) 
way of treating mental illness by giving electric shocks or a drug having a similar effect 电震疗法; 休克疗法.
shock-troops 
n [pl] troops specially trained for violent assaults 突击队; 奇袭队.
shock wave 
moving region of very high air pressure caused by an explosion or an aircraft moving faster than sound 激震波, 冲击波, 激波（由爆炸或超音速飞机引起的）: (fig 比喻) As soon as news of the tragedy was announced, shock waves spread rapidly to all parts of the country. 这可悲的消息一发表, 震憾人心的冲击波迅速传遍全国各地.
shock
/ FCk; FBk/ n (usu 通常作 shock of hair) rough untidy mass of hair on the head 蓬乱的头发.
shock-headed 
adj (dated 旧) having such hair 头发蓬乱的.
shock
/ FCk; FBk/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause a shock1(3) to (sb); cause (sb) to feel disgust, indignation, horror, etc 使（某人）震惊; 使（某人）感到厌恶、 愤怒、 恐惧等: I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊. * He was shocked to hear his child swearing. 他听见他孩子骂人非常生气. * I'm not easily shocked, but that book really is obscene. 我并不是大惊小怪的人, 但那本书淫秽之甚确实让我大吃一惊.
shocker 
n  1 person who shocks 引起震惊、 厌恶、 愤怒的人.  2 (infml 口) (a) thing that shocks, eg a sensational novel 引起震惊、 厌恶、 愤怒等的事物（如摄人心魄的小说）: Some of these horror stories are real shockers. 这些恐怖小说有的十分吓人. (b) very bad example of sth 极坏的典型: You've written bad essays before, but this one is a shocker! 你以前也写过差劲的文章, 但这篇可糟透了!
shocking 
adj  1 causing indignation, disgust, etc; very bad or wrong 令人气愤的; 令人厌恶的; 极坏的; 非常错误的: shocking behaviour, words, insults 恶劣的行为、 恶毒的言语、 极大的侮辱 * What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it. 她的行为太过分了, 我简直无法形容.  2 causing a shock1(3) 令人震惊的: shocking news, eg of an accident in which many died 令人震惊的消息.  3 (infml 口) very bad 很糟的: shocking luck, weather, handwriting, work 很糟的运气、 天气、 笔迹、 作品 * The food here is shocking. 这儿的食物糟透了. 
shockingly 
adv  1 badly 糟糕地: You're playing shockingly. 你演奏得很糟糕.  2 (infml 口) extremely 极; 非常: a shockingly expensive dress 特贵的连衣裙.
shod
pt, pp of shoe v.
shoddy
/ 5FCdI; `FBdI/ adj (-ier, -iest) of poor quality or badly made 劣质的; 粗制滥造的: shoddy goods, clothes, etc 劣质的货物、 服装等 * shoddy workmanship 劣等工艺. 
shoddily 
adv: shoddily made 做得很糟. 
shoddiness 
n [U].
shoddy
/ 5FCdI; `FBdI/ n [U] (poor-quality cloth made from) fibre obtained from old cloth 再生布; 长弹毛（织物）; 软再生毛（织物）.
shoe
/ Fu:; Fu/ n  1 outer covering for a person's foot, usu with a stiff sole and not reaching above the ankle 鞋: a pair of shoes 一双鞋 * walking shoes 轻便鞋 * tennis shoes 网球鞋 * put on/take off one's shoes 穿[脱]鞋 * [attrib 作定语] a shoe brush, shop 鞋刷、 鞋店 * shoe polish, leather 鞋油、 制鞋用的皮革. Cf 参看 boot1 1, sandal.  2 = horseshoe (horse): cast/throw a shoe, ie lose one 掉了一块马蹄铁.  3 part of a brake that presses against the wheel or its drum (on a bicycle, in a motor vehicle, etc) （自行车、 汽车等的）煞车瓦, 闸瓦.  4 any object like a shoe in appearance or use 在外观或用途上似鞋之物.  5 (idm 习语) be in/put oneself in sb's shoes be in/imagine oneself to be in sb else's position （设想）处於某人的地位或处境: I wouldn't like to be in your shoes if they find out what you're doing. 要是人家发现你现在干的这件事, 我可不愿设想你得有多倒霉. dead men's shoes =>dead. fill sb's shoes =>fill1. shake in one's shoes =>shake1. step into sb's shoes =>step1.
shoe 
v (pt, pp shod / FCd; FBd/) [Tn] fit (a horse) with a shoe or shoes 给（马）钉马蹄铁: a blacksmith shoeing a pony 给小马钉马蹄铁的铁匠.
shod 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of a person) wearing shoes of a specified type or quality （指人）穿著某种（式样或质量）鞋的: shod in leather 穿著皮鞋 * well shod for wet weather 穿好了雨鞋以防下雨 * (fig 比喻) an iron-shod stick, ie one with an iron tip 包有铁头的手杖.
shoehorn 
n device with a curved blade used to help the heel slide easily into a shoe 鞋拔子.
shoe-lace 
n cord fastened to the edges of a shoe's uppers to hold it tightly on the foot 鞋带.
shoemaker 
n [C]
shoemaking 
n [U] (person whose trade is) making or repairing boots and shoes 鞋匠; 制鞋; 补鞋; 制鞋业.
shoeshine 
n (esp US) person whose job is polishing other people's shoes 以擦皮鞋为业的人: [attrib 作定语] a shoeshine boy 擦鞋男童.
shoe-string 
n  1 (esp US) shoe-lace 鞋带.  2 (idm 习语) on a `shoe-string using very little money 以极少的钱: living on a shoe-string 过著极节俭的生活.
shoe-tree 
n shaped piece of wood, plastic or metal placed inside a shoe so that it keeps its shape 鞋楦.
shone
pt, pp of shine
shoo
/ Fu:; Fu/ interj (said to make animals or people, esp children, go away 为将动物或人, 尤指儿童, 赶走时发出的声音): Shoo, all of you, I'm busy. 嘘, 都走开, 我正忙著呢.
shoo 
v (pt, pp shooed) (phr v) shoo sb/sth away, off, out, etc make sb/sth go away, etc, by saying `shoo' 发嘘声将某人[某物]赶走: shooing the chickens away/into the barn 发出嘘声把鸡轰走[进饲养棚] * He shooed the little children out of the shop. 他发出嘘声把小孩儿都赶出了商店.
shoo-in
/ 5Fu:In; `Fu9In/ n (US infml 口) person, team, etc that is thought certain to win 被认为肯定可以取胜的人、 队等.
shook
pt of shake1.
shoot
/ Fu:t; Fut/ v (pt, pp shot / FCt; FBt/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (at sb/sth); ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (off) fire (a gun or some other weapon); fire (a bullet, an arrow, etc) at sb/sth 开（枪或其他武器）; 向某人[某物]发射（子弹、 箭等）: Aim carefully before shooting. 仔细瞄准後再射击. * Don't shoot  I surrender. 别开枪--我投降. * What are you shooting (your gun) at? 你（用枪）射击什麽呢? * He shot an arrow from his bow. 他拉弓放了一箭. * The police only rarely shoot to kill, ie try to kill the people they shoot at. 警察开枪很少打死人. * The missiles were shot at the aircraft from a ship. 从军舰上向飞机发射导弹. * He shot (off) several bullets before hitting the target. 他射出好几发子弹才击中目标. (b) [I] use a gun, etc; hunt with a gun, etc 使用枪等; 用枪等打猎: Can you shoot (well)? 你会放枪吗（你枪打得准吗）? * learn to shoot straight 练习枪法 * I need more practice at shooting. 我需要多练习射击. * He enjoys riding, fishing and shooting, ie as sport. 他喜欢骑马、 钓鱼和射击. (c) [Tn, Cn.a] kill or wound (sb/sth) with a bullet, an arrow, etc （用子弹、 箭等）击毙或射伤（某人[某物]）: She went out shooting rabbits. 她打兔子去了. * The soldier was shot (ie executed by shooting) for desertion. 那士兵因开小差儿而被处死. * She was shot in the leg. 她腿上中了一枪. * The hunter shot the stag dead. 猎人把雄鹿射死了. (d) [I] (of a gun, bow, etc) fire bullets, arrows, etc （指枪、 弓等）发射子弹、 箭等: This is just a toy gun: it doesn't shoot. 这只是玩具枪, 不能发射子弹. * Get a rifle that shoots straight. 找一杆射得准的步枪来. (e) [Tn.pr] make (sth) by shooting 由射击造成（某现象）: The gun/gunman shot a hole in the door. 这枪[持枪歹徒]在门上射出一个洞.  2 [Tn] go over (an area) shooting game animals 去（某地）打猎: shoot a covert, an estate, etc 去丛林、 庄园等打猎. =>Usage at hunt1 用法见hunt1.  3 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move suddenly or quickly in the specified direction （使某物）沿某方向突然或迅速运动: The sports car shot past us. 赛车从我们前面飞驰而过. * A meteor shot across the sky. 流星划过天空. * He shot out of the door after her. 他冲出门去追赶她. * The runner shot ahead (of the rest). 那个赛跑的人向前飞奔而去（把其他人抛在後面）. * Flames were shooting (up) from the burning house. 从燃烧著的房子里喷射出火舌. * The snake's tongue shot out. 蛇飞快地吐出芯子. * The driver was shot out of the open car as it crashed. 那辆敞篷汽车撞车时把司机抛出车外. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (down, up, etc sth) (of pain) move suddenly and quickly with a stabbing sensation （指疼痛）刺痛, 剧痛: a shooting pain in my back 我背部的刺痛感 * The pain shot up her arm. 她手臂一阵剧痛. (c) [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth at sb direct sth at sb suddenly or quickly 突然或迅速向某人抛出某物: journalists shooting questions at the minister 向部长发出连珠炮般问题的记者 * She shot an angry glance at him/shot him an angry glance. 她愤怒地扫了他一眼.  4 [I] (of plants and bushes) put forth new twigs or branches from a stem; sprout （指花草或灌木）发芽, 生枝: Rose bushes shoot again after being cut back. 玫瑰丛修剪後还能再长出新枝.  5 [I, Tn, Tng no passive 不用於被动语态] (esp cinema 尤用於电影) photograph (an object, a scene, etc) 拍摄（物、 景等）: Cameras ready? OK, shoot! 摄影机准备好了吗? 好, 开拍! * We're ready to shoot (the ballroom sequence). 我们已经准备好拍摄（舞厅的连续镜头）. * The film was shot in black and white. 这部电影拍成了黑白片. * shoot a woman riding a horse 拍摄一个骑著马的女子.  6 [Tn] (of a boat or a person in a boat) move quickly through, past, etc (sth) （指船或船中人）迅速穿过（某物）: shooting the rapids 迅速穿过激流 * shoot the bridge, ie pass quickly underneath it 迅速从桥下穿过.  7 [Tn] push (the bolt of a door) into or out of its slot 插上或打开（门闩）.  8 [Tn] (infml 口) (in golf) achieve (a specified number of strokes) in a game （高尔夫球）击出（杆数）: shot a 75 in the first round 第一场击出75捍.  9 [Tn] (esp US) play (certain games) 玩（某些游戏）: shoot craps/pool/dice 玩双色子[台球/掷色子]游戏.  10 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (in football, hockey, etc) try to kick, hit, etc the ball directly into the goal （足球、 曲棍球等中）射门: She's looking for an opportunity to shoot (at goal). 她正在寻找机会射门. (b) [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] score (a goal) 射中（一球）得分: He shot a goal from twenty yards out. 他从二十码外射门得分.  11 [I] (US infml 口) (only imperative 只用於祈使句) say what one has to say 说出（要说的话）: You want to tell me something? Well, shoot! 你有事告诉我吗? 那好, 说吧!  12 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (sl 俚) inject (a drug) into one's bloodstream 注射（毒品）: shoot heroin 注射海洛因.  13 (idm 习语) be/get shot of sth/sb (infml 口) be/get rid of sth/sb 摆脱某事物[某人]. shoot one's `bolt (infml 口) make one's final effort, so that there is nothing further one can do to achieve one's aim 竭尽全力. shoot the `breeze (US infml 口) talk casually; gossip 聊天; 闲聊: We sat around in the bar, shooting the breeze. 我们坐在酒吧里谈天说地. shoot it out (with sb) (infml 口) settle a contest, dispute, etc, using guns 用枪来解决竞争、 争端等: (fig 比喻) rival politicians shooting it out in a television debate 在电视辩论中决一雌雄的政界敌手. shoot a `line (infml 口) exaggerate; tell lies 夸张; 说谎: She said she was an expert skier but I think she was just shooting a line. 她说自己是滑雪行家, 但我认为她说大话. shoot one's `mouth off (about sth) (infml 口) (a) exaggerate; boast 夸张; 吹牛: He's always shooting his mouth off about his success with women. 他总是瞎吹他如何能赢得女子芳心. (b) talk indiscreetly 轻率地谈话: It's a secret, so don't go shooting your mouth off about it. 这是秘密, 别随便乱说. shoot pool (US) play pool2(4) 打台球. shoot one's way in/into sth; shoot one's way out/out of sth get into/out of sth by shooting 开枪杀进[杀出]某处: The gangster stole a gun and shot his way out of prison. 歹徒偷到一枝枪一路杀出监狱. shoot the `works (US infml 口) gamble or use up all one's money, resources, effort, etc 孤注一掷; 竭尽钱财; 不遗余力.  14 (phr v) shoot sb down kill sb, esp cruelly, by shooting 击毙某人; （尤指）残酷枪杀某人: His victims were all shot down in cold blood. 他杀害的那些人都是遭他疯狂枪杀的. shoot sth/sb down cause (an aircraft or its pilot) to fall to the ground by shooting eg a missile 击落（飞机或其驾驶员）（如用导弹）: ships shooting down fighter planes 把战斗机击落的舰艇 * (fig 比喻) His latest theories have been shot down in flames by the experts. 他的最新理论遭 专家们批驳得一无是处. shoot sth off (a) sever sth by shooting it with a gun, etc （用枪等）射断（某物）: His arm was shot off in the war. 他的手臂在战争中打断了. (b) shoot (a gun, fireworks, etc) into the air 朝天放（枪、 焰火等）: People were shooting off pistols in the streets to celebrate the victory. 人们在街上朝天鸣枪庆祝胜利. shoot sth up terrorize (a place) by going through it firing guns 在（某地）胡乱放枪制造恐怖: The gangsters ran into the bar and started shooting it up. 歹徒们冲进酒吧胡乱扫射一通.
shooting-brake 
n (Brit dated 旧) = estate car (estate).
shooting-gallery 
n building or room where people practise shooting rifles, etc at targets 室内射击场; 打靶场.
shooting match 
(idm 习语) the whole shooting match => whole
shooting star (also falling star) 
small meteor that burns up as it enters the earth's atmosphere, appearing as a bright streak in the sky 流星.
shooting-stick 
n stick with a spiked end (to be stuck into the ground) and a handle which unfolds to form a small seat 摺叠座手杖（可插在地上, 上端可打开成为坐凳）.
shoot-out 
n battle fought with guns 相互开枪; 枪战: The robbery led to a shoot-out between the robbers and the police. 这次打劫酿成一场警匪枪战.
shoot
/ Fu:t; Fut/ n  1 new young growth on a plant or bush, eg a bud （花草或灌木的）嫩芽, 幼苗, 新枝: train the new shoots of a vine 修整藤蔓的新枝.  2 (Brit) (a) (expedition made by a) group of people shooting game animals for sport 狩猎队; 狩猎: members of a grouse shoot 狩猎松鸡的队员. (b) area of land over which game animals are shot in this way 狩猎场.  3 (idm 习语) the whole (bang) `shoot (infml 口) everything 一切; 全体.
-shooter
(in compound ns 用以构成复合名词) 1 person who shoots 射手: a `sharpshooter 神枪手.  2 thing that shoots 发射装置: a `pea-shooter 豆子枪 * a `six-shooter 装六发子弹的手枪.
shop
/ FCp; FBp/ n  1 (US store) building or room where goods or services are sold to the public 商店; 店　: a butcher's, chemist's, etc shop 肉店、 药房 * a sweet-shop 糖果店 * a bookshop 书店 * serve in a shop 当店员.  2 (also `workshop) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) place where things are manufactured or repaired 工厂; 车间: an engineering shop 机械加工车间 * a machine shop 机械工厂 * a paint shop, eg where cars are painted 油漆车间（如汽车喷漆车间）.  3 (infml 口) place of business; institution; establishment 办事处; （工商业）机构; 企业: I want this shop to run as smoothly as possible. 我想让这个机构办得尽可能顺利.  4 (idm 习语) all `over the shop (sl 俚) (a) in great disorder; scattered everywhere 纷乱; 零乱: His clothes lay all over the shop. 他衣服扔得到处都是. (b) everywhere 各处: I've looked for it all over the shop. 我到处都找过了. a bull in a china shop => bull1. come/go to the wrong shop => wrong. keep `shop look after a shop, serve customers, etc 照管商店; 接待顾客等: Will you keep shop while I go out for lunch? 我去吃午饭, 你照看一下商店好吗? set up `shop start a business 开店; 开业: She set up shop as a bookseller in the High Street. 她在大街开了一家书店. shut up shop => shut. talk shop =>talk2.
shop 
v (-pp-)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (usu 通常作 go shopping) go to a shop or shops to buy things 去买东西; 购物: go shopping every day 每天去店　买东西 * I'm shopping for Christmas presents. 我正在买圣诞礼物.  2 [Tn] (US) visit (a shop) to buy things 去（商店）买东西: shopping the stores looking for bargains 逛商店找便宜货.  3 [Tn] (Brit sl 俚) give information about (sb), esp to the police 告发（某人）（尤指向警方）: The gang leader was shopped by one of the robbers. 有个劫匪向警方告发了匪首.  4 (phr v) shop around (for sth) (infml 口) search carefully for goods that are the best value, or for the best services, etc 仔细寻找（物美价廉的东西或最佳服务项目等）: Don't buy the first car you see: shop around a bit. 买汽车时别见到一辆就买, 多转几家挑一挑. * People must shop around for the best school for their children. 人们都要为子女找最好的学校. shopper n person who is shopping 到商店买东西的人: crowds of Christmas shoppers 成群的购买圣诞节物品的人. shopping n [U]  1 activity of shopping 买东西; 购物: do one's shopping 去买东西. * [attrib 作定语] a `shopping street, ie one with many shops 商业街 * a `shopping bag, basket, etc 购物袋、 篮等.  2 goods bought 买到的东西: Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了? ` shopping centre area where there are many shops 购物中心; 商业区. `shopping mall (US) area, closed to traffic and usu covered, where there are many shops （禁行车辆的）商业网点（通常有篷顶）.
shop-assistant (US salesclerk) 
n person who serves customers in a shop 店员; 售货员.
shop-floor 
n [sing]  1 area in a factory where goods are made （工厂里的）生产区: working on the shop-floor 在工厂的生产区工作 * [attrib 作定语] a shop-floor worker 工厂里生产区的工人.  2 workers in a factory (contrasted with the management) 工厂的劳方（相对於资方）: How does the shop-floor feel about these changes? 劳方对这些改革有何想法?
shopkeeper (US `storekeeper) 
n person who owns or manages a shop, usu a small one 店主, 零售商（通常指小店的）.
shoplift 
v [I] steal goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer 入店行窃, 高买（假装买东西趁机行窃）: started to shoplift as a fifteen-year-old 十五岁就开始到商店里偷东西. 
shoplifter 
n. 
shoplifting 
n [U]: arrested for shoplifting �因在商店偷东西被捕.
shop-soiled 
adj dirty or faded from being on display in a shop 在店中摆脏的或摆旧的: a sale of shop-soiled goods at half price 店里脏旧货的半价出售.
shop-steward 
n trade union official elected by his fellow-workers as their spokesman （同厂工人选出的）工会发言人.
shore
/ FR:(r); FRr/ n [C, U] land along the edge of the sea or of any large body of water （海或湖等大水域的）岸, 滨: a house on the shore(s) of Lake Geneva 日内瓦湖畔的房子 * swim from the ship to the shore 由船边游到岸边 * go on shore, eg of sailors from a ship 上岸（如海员离船登岸） * This island is two miles off shore. 这个岛离岸两英里. =>illus at coast 见 coast 插图. =>Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1.
shore
/ FR:(r); FRr/ v (phr v) shore sth up support sth with a wooden beam, etc propped against it （以支柱等）支撑: shore up the side of an old house to stop it falling down 支撑旧屋墙壁以防倒塌 * (fig 比喻) She used this evidence to shore up her argument. 她用该证据来支持自己的论点.
shore 
n wooden beam, etc used to support sth 支柱; 撑柱.
shorn
pp of shear.
short
/ FR:t; FRrt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) measuring little from one end to the other （长度方面）短的: a short stick, line, dress, journey 短棒、 短线、 短连衣裙、 短途旅行 * short grass, fur 短的草、 毛皮 * a short distance between the two houses 两所房子间的短距离 * You've cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得太短了. * She walked with short quick steps. 她以小而快的步子走路. * The coat is rather short in the sleeves. 这件大衣的袖子有点短. Cf 参看 long1 1. (b) below the average height 矮的; 低的: a short person 身材矮的人 * short in stature 身材矮小 * too short to become a police officer 因身材矮而不能当警察. Cf 参看 tall. (c) not lasting long; brief （时间方面）短的, 短暂的; 简短的: a short holiday, speech, film, ceremony 短暂的假期、 简短的发言、 短片、 简短的仪式 * have a short memory, ie remember only things that have happened recently 短暂的记忆（只能记住最近发生的事） * The days get shorter as winterapproaches. 冬天来临, 白天越来越短了. Cf 参看 long1 1.2 ~ (of sth) not reaching the usual standard or required weight, length, quantity, etc （在重量、 长度、 数量等方面）未达到通常标准的, 短缺的: Water is short at this time of year. 每年这个时候缺水. * The shopkeeper gave us short weight: we got 7.5 kilos instead of 10 kilos. 店主给我们的分量不足: 应该10公斤我们只得到7.5公斤. * The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数. * These goods are in short supply, ie There are not enough to satisfy the demand for them. 这些货物短缺（供不应求）. * This packet is supposed to contain ten screws, but it's two short. 这包应装有十个螺丝钉, 可是短了两个. * The missile landed ten miles short (of its target). 那枚导弹落在离目标十英里的地方. * We've only raised 2000 so far; we're still 500 short (of the amount we need).我们到目前为止才筹集到2000英镑, （离所需数目）还差500英镑.  3 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (of sth) not having much or enough of sth; lacking sth （某物）不够; 缺乏（某物）: short of time, money, ideas 缺少时间、 钱、 主意 * The hospital is getting short of clean linen. 这所医院现在缺少乾净的被服用品. * We can't lend you any sugar, we're a bit short (of it) ourselves. 我们无法借给你糖, 我们自己（的糖）也不太够. * (infml 口) I'm a bit short (ie of money) this week. 我这星期手头不宽裕（缺钱）. (b) ~ on sth (infml 口) lacking (a certain quality) 缺少（某种特质）: He's short on tact. 他处事不够圆通. * Her speeches are rather short on wit. 她的讲话不够风趣.  4 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth serving as an abbreviation of sth 作某事物的简略形式、 缩写或简称: `Ben' is usually short for `Benjamin'. Ben通常为Benjamin的简称.  5 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb) (of a person) speaking sharply and briefly; curt; abrupt （指人）说话尖刻而简短, 简单粗暴, 唐突无礼: She was rather short with him when he asked for help. 他请她帮帮忙, 她却不客气地把他顶了回去. (b) (of a remark or sb's manner of speaking) expressed in few words; curt （指言语或说话方式）简短的, 唐突无礼的: He gave her a short answer. 他给了她一个简短生硬的回答. * All his observations were short and to the point. 他的观察报告都很简单扼要.  6 (a) (of a fielder or his position in cricket) relatively near the batsman （指板球运动的外场员或其位置）距击球员较近的: short leg, slip, etc 距击球员近的在其左侧的、 在其右後侧的...外场员. (b) (of a bowled ball in cricket) bouncing relatively near to the bowler （指板球中投出的球）反弹至较近投球手的位置.  7 (of vowels or syllables) pronounced for a relatively brief time （指元音或音节）短音的: the short vowel in `pull' and the long vowel in `pool' 在pull一字中的短元音和在pool一字中的长元音.  8 (of an alcoholic drink) small and strong, made with spirits （指烈性酒）少而浓的, 烈性的: I rarely have short drinks. 我很少喝烈性酒.  9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) (of a bill of exchange, etc) maturing at an early date （指汇票等）短期的, 即将兑现的: a short bill, bond, etc 短期票据、 债券等 * a short date, ie an early date for the maturing of a bill, bond, etc 短期（兑现票据、 债券等的）.  10 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of cake or pastry) rich and crumbly as a result of containing much fat （指饼或面点心）油酥的: a flan with a short crust 果馅酥饼.  11 (idm 习语) be on short `rations be allowed or able to have less than the usual quantity of food 食物配给量不足; 靠不足的食物配给量生活. by a short `head (a) (in horse-racing) by a distance of less than the length of a horse's head （赛马）以不到一个马头的距离: win/lose by a short head 以不到一个马头的距离之差获胜[失败]. (b) by only a little 以极少的量: I got 96 per cent, he got 94, so I beat him by a short head. 我得96分, 他得94分, 我仅超过他一点. for `short as an abbreviation 简略形式; 缩写; 简称: Her name is `Frances', or `Fran' for short. 她叫｀弗朗西丝＇或简称｀弗朗＇. get/have sb by the short `hairs (infml 口) get/have sb in a difficult position or at one's mercy 使某人处境困难; 完全操纵某人. give full/short measure =>measure2. give sb/sth/get short `shrift/FrIft; FrIft/ give sb/sth/get curt treatment or attention怠慢某人[某事物]; 受冷遇: He went to complain to the boss, but got very short shrift: she told him to get out and stay out 他到老板那儿去投诉, 但老板态度冷淡: 她叫他出去上一边呆著去. in long/short pants =>pants. in the long/short term =>term. in `short in a few words; briefly 总之; 简言之: Things couldn't be worse, financially: in short, we're bankrupt. 在财务方面已经糟得不能再糟了: 总之一句话, 我们破产了. in short `order quickly and without fuss 迅速而直截了当地: When the children are naughty she deals with them in very short order: they're sent straight to bed. 孩子们一淘气她有个乾脆的办法: 马上打发他们上床睡觉. in short supply not plentiful; scarce 不充裕; 供应不足. little/nothing short of sth little/nothing less than sth; almost sth 不亚於某事物; 几乎就是: Our escape was little short of miraculous. 我们能够逃出来简直是奇迹. make short work of sth/sb deal with, or dispose of sth/sb quickly 迅速处理某事物或对付某人: make short work of one's meal 很快吃完饭 * The team made short work of their opponents. 这个队一下子就把对方压倒了. on a short `fuse likely to get angry quickly and easily 易怒的; 脾气暴躁的: Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today. 别惹她, 她今天动不动就发火. out of/short of breath =>breath. (on) short `commons (dated 旧) not having enough to eat 没有足够的食物吃. a short `cut (a) route that makes a journey, walk, etc shorter 近路; 捷径: I took a short cut across the field to get to school. 我穿过田野抄近路去上学. (b) way of doing sth more efficiently, quickly, etc 更快、 更有效等的办事方法: Becoming a doctor requires years of training -- there are really no short cuts. 当医生需要多年的学习和锻炼--实无捷径可言. ,short and `sweet (often ironic 常作反语) brief but pleasant 简短而愉快的: I only needed two minutes with the doctor  the visit was short and sweet. 我找医生治病只用了两分钟--别管受罪不受罪, 反正时间短. thick as two short planks =>thick. > shortness n [U].
shortbread 
n [U] crumbly dry cake made with flour, sugar and much butter 油酥甜饼（由面粉、 糖、 黄油制成）.
shortcake 
n [U] (a) (Brit) = shortbread. (b) dessert made from a biscuit dough or sponge mixture with cream and fruit on top 油酥糕饼（在发酵面团上覆奶油、 水果做成的甜食）: strawberry shortcake 草莓油酥糕饼.
short-change 
v [Tn] cheat (sb), esp by giving him less than the correct change2(4) （故意）少找给（某人）钱.
short circuit (also infml 口语作 short) 
(usu faulty) connection in an electric circuit, by which the current flows along a shorter route than the normal one 电路短路. ,short-`circuit (also infml 口语作 short) v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) have a short circuit （使某用电器）短路: The lights short-circuited when I joined up the wires. 我一接上电线, 电灯就短路了. * You've short-circuited the washing-machine. 你把洗衣机弄短路了.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) avoid (sth); bypass 避开（某事物）; 绕过: short-circuit the normal procedures to get sth done quickly 为尽快办成某事不循正常手续.
shortcoming 
n (usu pl 通常作复数) failure to be of a required standard; fault 缺点; 缺陷: a system/person with many shortcomings 有许多缺点的体系[人].
shortfall 
n ~ (in sth) deficit 赤字; 亏空: a shortfall in the annual budget 年度预算中的不足.
shorthand (also esp US stenography) 
n [U] method of writing rapidly, using special quickly-written symbols 速记法: [attrib 作定语] a shorthand course, typist, letter 速记课程、 打字员、 信.
short-handed 
adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough workers, helpers, etc 人手不足: The shop is short-handed, so we are all having to work harder. 店里人手不足, 所以我们都得勤奋些.
shorthorn 
n breed of cattle with short curved horns 短角牛.
short list 
small number, esp of candidates for a job, selected from a larger number, and from which the final selection is to be made 决选名单（从多数人中挑出的少数候选人, 以备从中选出所需的人, 尤指应徵职务者）: draw up a short list 拟定一份决选名单 * Are you on the short list? 你在决选名单上吗? 
short-list 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb on a short list 将某人列入决选名单: Have you been short-listed for the post? 已经把你列入该工作的决选名单上了吗?
short-lived 
/ 9FR:t5lIvd; ?@ 5laIvd; FRrt`laIvd/ adj lasting for a short time; brief 短命的; 短暂的: a short-lived triumph, relationship 短暂的胜利、 关系 * Her interest in tennis was very short-lived. 她喜好网球只是昙花一现.
short odds 
(in betting) nearly even odds, indicating a horse, etc that is likely to win （赌博中）可能赢的机会几乎均等.
short order 
(US) order for food that can be cooked quickly （点叫）快餐: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-order `chef 专做快餐的厨师.
short-range 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 designed for or applying to a limited period of time 短期间的: a,short-range `plan, `project, etc 短期计画、 项目等 *,short-range `weather forecasts, ie for one or two days ahead 短期天气预报.  2 (of missiles, etc) designed to travel over relatively short distances （指导弹等）短程的, 近程的. ,short `sight ability to see clearly only what is close 近视. ,short-`sighted adj  1 suffering from short sight 近视的.  2 (fig 比喻) having or showing an inability to foresee what will happen 目光短浅的; 无远见的: a short-sighted person, attitude, plan 目光短浅的人、 看法、 计画.
short-staffed 
adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough staff; understaffed 人员不足: We're very short-staffed in the office this week. 本星期我们办公室人手不够.
short story 
piece of prose fiction that is shorter than a novel, esp one that deals with a single event or theme 短篇小说.
short temper 
tendency to become angry quickly and easily 易怒; 脾气暴躁: He has a very short temper. 他脾气很暴躁.
short-tempered 
adj: Being tired often makes me short-tempered. 我一累就容易发脾气.
short-term 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for a short period 短期的: a ,short-term `plan, `loan, agreement, appointment 短期计画、 贷款、 协议、 任命.
short time 
employment for less than the full working week 短工时雇用工作（每周开工不足者）: workers on short time 短工时雇用的工人 * [attrib 作定语] ,short-time `working 短工时的工作.
short wave 
(abbr 缩写 SW) radio wave with a length between 100 and 10 metres 短波（波长在100米与10米之间的无线电波）: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-wave `radio, `broadcast, etc 短波收音机、 广播等.
short-winded 
adj easily getting breathless after exerting oneself, running, etc （用力、 跑步等後就）容易气喘的.
short
/ FR:t; FRrt/ adv  1 suddenly; abruptly 突然; 唐突地: He stopped short when he heard his name called. 他听到有人叫他, 就突然停了下来.  2 (idm 习语) be caught/taken `short (infml 口) suddenly feel the needto go to the lavatory urgently 突然感到要去厕所. bring/pull sb up short/sharply =>pull2. cut a long story short =>long1. cut sth/sb `short bring sth/sb to an end before the usual or natural time; interrupt sth/sb 结束或中断某事物: a career tragically cut short by illness 因疾病而不幸中断的事业 * The interviewer cut short his guest in mid-sentence. 采访的人没等客人把那句话说完就打断了他的话. fall short of sth not reach sth 未达到（某目的）: The money collected fell short of the amount required. 筹集的资金没达到所需的数额. * His achievements had fallen short of his hopes. 他的成就没有达到他期望的那麽大. go short (of sth) not have enough (of sth) 缺少（某物）; 欠缺: If you earn well, you'll never go short. 钱挣多了就什麽都不缺了. * The children must not go short of food. 儿童不可缺少食物. run short (of sth) use up most of one's supply (of sth) 已快用完（某物）: Go and get some more oil so we don't run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了. * I'm late for work every day, and I'm running short of excuses. 我每天迟到, 现在找不到什麽藉口了. sell sth/sb short =>sell. short of sth without sth; unless sth happens 没有（某事物）; 除非（发生某事）: Short of a miracle, we're certain to lose now. 除非出现奇迹, 不然我们现在是输定了. stop short of sth/doing sth =>stop1.
short
/ FR:t; FRrt/ n (infml 口)  1 = short circuit (short1).  2 short film, esp one shown before the main film at a cinema 短片（尤指正片之前放映的）.  3 (esp pl 尤作复数) small strong alcoholic drink, esp of spirits 少量烈性酒精饮料; （尤指）烈酒.  4 (idm 习语) the long and short of it =>long2. 
short 
v [I, Tn] (infml 口) = short-circuit (short1).
shortage
/ 5FR:tIdV; `FRrtIdV/ n [C, U] lack of sth needed; deficiency 缺少; 不足; 短缺: food, fuel, housing shortages 食物、 燃料、 住房短缺 * a shortage of rice, funds, equipment 大米、 资金、 设备不足 * owing to (a) shortage of staff 由於人员缺乏 * a shortage of 50 tons 缺少50吨 * There was no shortage of helpers. 不缺帮手.
shorten
/ 5FR:tn; `FRrtn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become shorter （使某物）变短: The days are beginning to shorten, eg in autumn. 白天开始变短了（如在秋季）. * take two links out of the chain to shorten it 取下两个链环把链子弄短 * They want to shorten the time it takes to make the car. 他们想把生产汽车的时间缩短. Cf 参看 lengthen (length).
shortening
/ 5FR:tnIN; `FRrtnIN/ n [U] fat used to make pastry light and crumbly 用以使糕饼松脆的油脂.
shortly
/ 5FR:tlI; `FRrtlI/ adv  1 in a short time; not long; soon 马上; 立刻; 不久: shortly afterwards 不久以後 * coming shortly 很快就来 * shortly before noon 中午前不久 * I'll be with you shortly. 我马上就来.  2 in a cross way; curtly 无礼地; 唐突地: spoke to me rather shortly 很不客气地和我说话.
shorts
/ FR:ts; FRrts/ n [pl]  1 short trousers that do not reach the knee, eg as worn by children, or by adults playing sports or in hot weather 短裤: a pair of tennis shorts 一条网球短裤.  2 (US) men's underpants （男用）短内裤.
shorty
/ 5FR:tI; `FRrtI/ n (infml 口) (a) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (used esp as a term of address 尤用作称谓) person who is shorter than average 矮个子. (b) garment that is shorter than average （比一般的）短的衣服: [attrib 作定语] a shorty mackintosh 短雨衣.
Parthian shot
/ 9pB:WIEn 5FCt; 9pBrWIEn `FBt/ sharp or telling remark made by sb as he leaves 临别所说的刻薄话. Cf 参看 a parting shot (parting).
shot
/ FCt; FBt/ n  1 [C] ~ (at sb/sth) act of shooting a gun, etc; sound of this 射击; 发射; 枪炮声: fire a few shots 放几枪 * hear shots in the distance 听到远处的枪声 * take a shot at the enemy 朝敌人开枪 * Two of her shots hit the centre of the target. 她有两枪打中靶心. * (fig 比喻) His remark was meant as a shot at me. 他的话是冲著我来的.  2 [C] ~ (at sth/doing sth) attempt to do sth; try 试图; 设法: have a shot at (solving) this problem 设法解决这一问题 * After a few shots at guessing who did it, I gave up. 到底是谁干的, 我猜了几次没猜著就不再猜了.  3 [C] stroke in cricket, tennis, billiards, etc or a kick in football （板球、 网球、 台球等中的）击球; （足球中的）踢: a backhand shot 反手抽击 * Good shot! 好球! * The striker had/took a shot at goal, ie tried to score. 前锋射门.  4 [C] (a) (pl unchanged 复数不变) (formerly) non-explosive ball of stone or metal shot from a cannon or gun （旧时）大炮或枪使用的无炸药的石弹丸或金属弹丸. Cf 参看 cartridge 1, shell 3. (b) (often 常作 the shot) [sing] heavy iron ball used in shot-put competitions （运动竞赛用的）铅球: put (ie throw) the shot 推铅球.  5 [U] (also lead `shot) large number of tiny balls or pellets of lead packed inside cartridges fired from shotguns （猎枪用的）散弹.  6 [C] person with regard to his skill in shooting a gun, etc 射手; 枪手; 炮手: a first-class, good, poor, etc shot 第一流的、 好的、差劲的...射手.  7 [C] (a) photograph or scene photographed 镜头; 景: a long shot, ie taken with a long distance between the camera and the thing photographed 远镜头 * a shot of the politician making a speech 政治家演讲的镜头. (b) single continuous film sequence photographed by one camera （电影中以同一摄影机拍摄的）连续镜头: an action shot of a car chase 汽车追赶动作的连续镜头.  8 [C] launch of a space rocket, missile, etc （宇宙火箭、 导弹等的）发射: the second space shot this year 今年的第二次空间发射.  9 [C] (infml 口) injection of a drug, etc with a hypodermic needle 皮下注射（药物等）: Have you had your typhus shots yet? 你打过斑疹伤寒防疫针了吗?  10 [C] (infml 口) small amount of whisky, gin, etc （威士忌、 杜松子酒等的）少量: a shot of vodka 一点伏特加.  11 (idm 习语) a big noise/shot =>big call the shots/tune =>call2. a leap/shot in the dark =>dark1. like a `shot (infml 口) (a) at once; without hesitation 立刻; 毫不犹豫地: If I had the chance to go, I'd take it like a shot. 我要是有机会去, 我就不犹豫. (b) very fast 飞快地: The dog was after the rabbit like a shot. 那只狗飞快地追赶兔子. a long shot =>long1. not by a long chalk/shot =>long1. a parting shot => parting. a shot in the `arm thing that encourages or gives fresh energy to sb/sth 起鼓舞或振奋作用的事物: The improved trade figures are a much-needed shot in the arm for the economy. 贸易数额增长是当前极需的推动国民经济的因素.
shotgun 
n  1 gun for firing cartridges containing shot1(5), eg at birds, rabbits, etc 散弹枪（如用於打鸟、 兔者）; 猎枪; 鸟枪. =>illus at gun 见 gun 插图.  2 (idm 习语) a shotgun `wedding wedding of two people who are or feel forced to marry, usu because the woman is pregnant 被迫举行的结婚（通常指已怀孕）.
shot-put 
n [sing] (also ,putting the `shot) sports contest in which athletes try to throw a shot1(4b) as far as possible 推铅球; 掷铅球.
shot
/ FCt; FBt/ adj  1 ~ (with sth) (of cloth) woven or dyed so as to show different colours when looked at from different angles （指织物）（织得或染得）颜色闪变的（从不同角度看颜色不同）: shot silk 闪光绸 * a black curtain shot with silver 闪银光的黑色帷幔 * (fig 比喻) brown hair shot with grey 花白的棕色头发.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口 esp US) worn out; used up; wrecked 筋疲力尽; 用旧; 耗尽; 毁坏: Her patience was completely shot. 她已忍无可忍.  3 (idm 习语) shot through with sth containing much of (a quality); suffused with sth 很有（某特质）; 充满著: conversation shot through with humour 富於幽默的交谈 * comedy shot through with sadness 充满心酸的喜剧.
shot
pt, pp of shoot1.
should
/ FEd; FEd; strong form 强读式 FUd; FJd/ modal v (neg 否定式 should not, contracted form 缩约式 shouldn't / 5FUdnt; `FJdnt/)  1 (a) (indicating obligation 用以表示义务或责任): You shouldn't drink and drive.你不应该喝酒後开车. * Visitors should inform the receptionist of their arrival. 来宾在到达时应当知会接待员. * We should have bought a new lock for the front door. 我们本该买把新锁安在前门上. =>Usage 1 at must 见must所附用法第1项. (b) (indicating advice or recommendation 用以表示劝告或推荐): He should stop smoking. 他应该戒烟. * You shouldn't leave a baby alone in the house. 你不应该把幼儿一个人留在家里. * They should have called the police. 他们本应该叫警察的. =>Usage 2 at must 见must所附用法第2项.  2 (drawing a tentative conclusion 用以表示试探性的推断): We should arrive before dark. 我们按说能在天黑前到达. * The roads should be less crowded today. 今天路上不致於那麽拥挤了. * I should have finished reading it by Friday. 我大概到星期五能把它看完. => Usage 3 at must 见must所附用法第3项.  3 (fml 文) (used to describe the consequence of an imagined event 用以表达假定的结果): If I was asked to work on Sundays I should resign. 要是叫我星期天上班, 我就辞职. * We should move to a larger house if we had the money. 我们要是有钱就找个大房子住了.  4 (used in a that-clause after the adjs anxious, sorry, concerned, happy, delighted, etc 用在形容词anxious、 sorry、 concerned、 happy、 delighted等後接的that从句中): I'm anxious that he should be well cared for. 我盼望他能受到很好的照顾. * We're sorry that you should feel uncomfortable. 你觉得在这儿不舒服, 我们非常抱歉. * That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 他竟然这样对你说话, 实在让人吃惊. * I am delighted that he should take that view. 他有那种看法, 我十分高兴.  5 (used after if and in case, or with subject and v reversed, to suggest that an event is unlikely to happen 用於if和in case之後或将主语与动词倒置, 表示某事不太可能发生): If you should change your mind, do let me know. 万一你要改变主意, 一定要告诉我. * If he should have forgotten to go to the airport, nobody will be there to meet her. 要是他忘了去机场, 就没人去那儿接她了. * Should anyone phone (ie If anyone phones), please tell them I'm busy. 有人打电话来, 就说我很忙.  6 (fml 文) (used after so that/in order that to express purpose 用於so that/in order that之後表示目的或动机): He put the cases in the car so that he should be able to make an early start. 他把箱子放在汽车里, 这样他就可以早点动身了. * She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白.  7 (a) (used to make polite requests 用作表示请求的客气说法): I should like to make a phone call, if possible. 劳驾, 我想打个电话. * We should be grateful for your help. 承您协助, 不胜感激. Cf 参看 would1 2a. (b) (used with imagine, say, think, etc to give tentative opinions 与imagine、 say、 think等连用, 表达不成熟的意见): I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我想得花大约三个钟头. * I should say she's over forty. 我说她有四十多岁了. * `Is this long enough?' `I should think so.' ｀这个够长吗?＇｀我看可以了.＇  8 (a) (used with question words to express lack of interest, disbelief, etc 与疑问词连用, 表示不感兴趣、 难以相信等): How should I know? 我怎麽知道呢? * Why should he think that? 他怎麽那麽想呢? (b) (used with question words to express surprise 与疑问词连用表示惊讶): I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself. 我还想去看约翰, 想不到约翰来了. * I turned round on the bus and who should be sitting behind me but my ex-wife. 我在公共汽车上转过身来, 谁料後面坐的竟是我的前妻.
should
pt of shall.
shoulder
/ 5FEUldE(r); `FoldL/ n  1 [C] (a) part of the body where an arm, a foreleg or a wing is attached; part of the human body from this point to the neck 胳膊、 前腿或翅膀与身体相连接的部位; 肩; 肩膀; 肩胛: look back over one's shoulder 回头看 * shrug one's shoulders 耸肩 * This coat is too narrow across the shoulders. 这件大衣肩部太窄. =>illus at human 见human插图. =>Usage at body. (b) part of a garment covering this （衣服的）肩部: a jacket with padded shoulders 有垫肩的甲克. (c) [C, U] piece of meat cut from the upper foreleg of an animal 前腿肉（从动物前腿上部切下的肉）: some shoulder of lamb, beef, etc 羊、 牛等的前腿肉.  2 shoulders [pl] (a) part of the back between the shoulders 背的上部; 肩胛: a person with broad shoulders 肩宽的人 * a coalman carrying a sack on his shoulders 肩上扛著麻袋的送煤人 * give a child a ride on one's shoulders 让子孩骑在肩膀上. (b) (fig 比喻) a person, with regard to the responsibilities, blame, etc he must bear 有责任的或须承担责任的人: shift the blame onto sb else's shoulders 把责任推给别人承担 * The burden of guilt has been lifted from my shoulders. 我已卸下了负疚的重担. * The duty fell upon her shoulders. 这一责任落在了她的肩上.  3 [C] part of a thing resembling a human shoulder in shape or position, eg on a bottle, tool, mountain 形状或部位似肩的部分（如瓶、 工具、 山的）. =>illus at mountain  见mountain插图.  4 (idm 习语) be/stand head and shoulders above sb/sth =>head1 a chip on one's shoulder => chip1. give sb/get the cold shoulder =>cold1. have a good head on one's shoulders =>head1. an old head on young shoulders =>old. put one's shoulder to the `wheel work hard at a task 努力工作: Come on, everyone, shoulders to the wheel  we've got a lot to do. 快, 各位, 加把劲--我们有很多事情要做. rub shoulders with sb =>rub1. ,shoulder to `shoulder (a) side by side 肩并肩: soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩站著的士兵. (b) working, fighting, etc together; united 并肩工作、 战斗等; 团结一致: shoulder to shoulder with one's fellow-workers in the dispute 辩论中与同事齐心协力. straight from the shoulder => straight2.
shoulder 
v  1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) on one's shoulder(s) 扛, 担, 挑, 掮（某物）: She shouldered her rucksack and set off along the road. 她背起帆布背包就上路了. (b) (fig 比喻) take (guilt, responsibility, etc) upon oneself 承担（罪责、 责任等）: shoulder the duties of chairman 负起主席的责任 * She won't shoulder all the blame for the mistake. 她不承担该过失的全部责任.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sb/sth) with one's shoulder 用肩顶（某人[某物]）: shoulder sb to one side 用肩膀把某人顶到一旁 * He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal. 他用肩膀挡开防守队员後射门.  3 (phr v) shoulder one's way in, through, past, etc move in the specified direction by pushing with one's shoulder(s) 用肩膀沿某方向挤出一条路: shoulder one's way into the room 用肩膀挤著进入房间 * shoulder one's way through (the crowd) 用肩膀挤著穿过人群.
shoulder-bag 
n bag hung over the shoulder by a long strap 背在肩上的手提包.
shoulder-blade 
n either of the two large flat bones at the top of the back; scapula 肩胛骨. =>illus at skeleton 见 skeleton 插图.
shoulder-strap 
n (a) narrow strip of material that goes over the shoulder to support a bra, nightdress, etc （乳罩上、 睡衣裙上及儿童服装等的）肩带. (b) narrow strap on the shoulder of a military uniform, a raincoat, an overcoat, etc （军服、 雨衣、 大衣等的）肩带.
shout
/ FaUt; FaJt/ n  1 loud call or cry 呼喊; 喊叫: shouts of joy, alarm, excitement, etc 欢呼、 惊叫、 激动的喊叫 * Her warning shout came too late. 她发出的警告呼喊声来得太晚了. * She was greeted with shouts of `Long live the President!' 大家欢迎她, 高呼著｀总统万岁!＇  2 (sl esp Austral or NZ 俚, 尤用於澳大利亚或新西兰) person's turn to buy drinks 轮到某人请喝饮料: What will you have? It's my shout. 你要喝什麽? 该我请客了.
shout 
v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Cn.a, Dpr.f, Dpr.t no passive 不用於被动语态, Dpr.w] ~ (at/to sb); ~ (out) speak or call out in a loud voice 大声说; 喊; 呼; 叫: shout for joy 欢呼 * shout (out) in pain 痛得大叫 * We had to shout because the music was so loud. 因为音乐音量太大, 我们只好大声叫喊. * Don't shout at me! 别冲著我喊! * She shouted to me across the room. 她在房间的另一端向我喊. * She shouted herself hoarse cheering on the team. 她为该队喝采把噪子都喊哑了. * He shouted to me that the boat was sinking. 他对我大声喊叫说船要沉了. * I shouted to him to shut the gate. 我大声告诉他把门关上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ sth (at/to sb); ~ sth (out) say sth in a loud voice 大声说（某事）: I shouted (out) my name to the teacher. 我向老师大声说出我的名字. * `Go back,' she shouted. ｀回去,＇她喊道. * They shouted their disapproval, ie expressed it by shouting. 他们大声喊著反对. * She shouted that she couldn't hear properly. 她大声说她听不清楚.  2 (phr v) shout sb down shout to prevent sb from speaking 大声喊叫以阻止某人说话: The crowd shouted the speaker down. 群众高声喊叫把演讲人的声音压了下去. 
shouting 
n [U]  1 shouts 叫; 喊: [attrib 作定语] within shouting distance, ie near enough to hear sth shouted 在能听到彼此喊声的距离.  2 (idm 习语) be all over ,bar the `shouting (of a performance, contest, etc) be concluded or decided, with only the applause, the official announcement, etc to follow （指演出、 竞赛等）大局已定, 胜负已分（只剩下欢呼声、 大会正式宣布等）: Now that most of the election results have been declared, it's all over bar the shouting. 因为选举结果多已公布, 可谓大局已定.
shout
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cry (out), shout, yell and scream. 试比较cry (out)、 shout、 yell、 scream的用法. These verbs indicate people making different kinds of noise for various reasons. 这四个动词指人们因不同原因而发出各种声音. We cry out by making a sharp noise as an automatic reaction to pain, surprise, etc *cry out指发出尖利的声音, 是痛苦、 惊讶等的自然反应: He cried out in fright as the dark figure approached. 那个黑影向他逼近, 他吓得叫了出来. We shout in anger or to get attention *shout是因愤怒或为引起注意而发出的声音: I don't like our teacher; he's always shouting at us. 我不喜欢我们的老师, 他动不动就大声说我们. * I had to shout to make myself heard. 我得大声嚷, 否则根本听不见我的声音. Yell is to make a high-pitched shout of pain, fear or excitement *yell是指因痛苦、 恐惧或激动而尖叫: We heard him yelling for help. 我们听见他高呼救命. It can also indicate loud shouting 这个词还可指大声呼喊: You don't have to yell; I can hear you. 你用不著喊, 我听得见. People scream in pain, fear or excitement. *scream指因痛苦、 恐惧或激动而喊叫. It is a very loud, high-pitched noise 这种喊叫, 声音大而尖利: The baby woke up screaming. 那婴儿醒来时尖声哭叫. These verbs can all be used instead of `say' to indicate ways of speaking 这几个动词都可用以替换say, 表示说话的方式: `Get out!' she screamed/yelled/shouted. ｀走开!＇她高声喊道. * `Who's there?' he cried (out). ｀谁呀?＇他嚷道.
shove
/ FQv; FQv/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sb/sth) roughly 乱推, 挤, 撞（某人[某物]）: a crowd pushing and shoving to get in 推推搡搡往里挤的人群 * Who shoved me? 谁撞我了? * He shoved her out of the way. 他把她推到了一边. * The policeman shoved me aside. 警察把我挤到一旁.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) put (sth) casually (in a place) 随意将（某物）放在（某处）: shove papers (away) in a drawer 把文件往抽屉里胡乱一塞 * `Where shall I put the case?' `Shove it on top of the car.' ｀我把箱子放在哪里?＇｀先放在汽车顶上吧.＇  3 (idm 习语) put/shove/stick one's oar in =>oar.  4 (phr v) shove off (a) push a boat out onto the water away from the shore (eg by pushing the shore with a pole)将船推离岸边（如用篙撑）. (b) (infml 口) (often imperative 常用於祈使句) leave; go away 离开; 走开: You aren't wanted here, so shove off! 这儿不需要你, 走开! shove up (infml 口) move along, esp in order to make more room 向前移动（尤指为腾出地方）: We can get one more in if you shove up. 向前挤一挤我们还能再进一个人.
shove 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) rough push 乱推; 挤; 撞: give sb/sth a good shove 猛推某人[某物].
shove-halfpenny 
/ 9FQv 5heIpnI; `FQv`hepEnI/ n [U] game played in pubs, etc, in which coins are pushed with the hand along a marked board （在酒馆等玩的）推硬币游戏.
shovel
/ 5FQvl; `FQvl/ n  1 tool like a spade with curved edges, used for moving earth, snow, sand, etc 铲; 铁　. =>illus at spade 见 spade 插图.  2 part of a large earth-moving machine that scoops up earth, etc like a shovel 挖土机或推土机前的铲形部分.
shovel 
v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or move (sth) with a shovel （用铲子或铁　）铲（某物）: spend hours shovelling snow 用几个小时铲雪 * shovel sand into the hole 把沙子铲进洞里 * shovel up coal into the container 把煤铲起来放进箱子里 * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) shovelling food into their mouths （他们）把食物大块大块地塞进嘴里.  2 [Tn, Cn.a] make or clear (sth) by shovelling 铲成, 铲净（某物）: shovel a path through the snow 在雪中铲出一条路 * shovel the pavement clear of snow 把人行道上的雪铲乾净.
shovelful 
/ -fUl; -fJl/ n amount that a shovel can hold 一铲或一铲之量: two shovelfuls of earth 两铲的土.
show
/ FEU; Fo/ n  1 [C] any type of public entertainment, eg a circus, a theatre performance, or a radio or TV programme 演出; 表演; 节目: a TV quiz show 电视上的智力竞赛节目 * a comedy show on radio 收音机里的喜剧节目 * She has her own chat show. 她有个个人漫谈节目. * The most successful shows in the London theatre are often musicals. 伦敦剧院最叫座的剧目往往是歌舞喜剧.  2 [C] public display or exhibition, eg of things in a competition, new products, etc 展览; 展览会: a flower, horse, cattle show 花卉、 马、 牛的展览会 * the motor show, ie where new models of cars, etc are displayed汽车展览会 * the Lord Mayor's Show, ie a procession through the streets of London when a new Mayoris appointed 伦敦市长的就职游行. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration.  3 [C, U] (a) thing done to give a certain impression, often a false one; outward appearance 表面上做出的样子（常指虚伪的）; 外观: a show of defiance, strength, friendship, sympathy 做出的蔑视、 强大、 友好、 同情的样子 * His public expressions of grief are nothing but show. 他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已. (b) splendid or pompous display 炫耀; 夸示: a fine show of blossom on the apple trees 苹果树上盛开的花朵 * all the glitter and show of the circus 马戏团的光彩华丽的洋洋大观 * They are too fond of show, ie too ostentatious. 他们太好炫耀.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (Brit infml 口) thing done or performed in a specified way 表现: a poor show, ie sth done badly 表现不佳 * put up a good show, eg do well in examinations or a contest 表现良好.  5 [C] (infml 口) anything that is happening; organization, business or undertaking 事情; 组织; 事业; 企业: She runs the whole show. 她负责全部业务. * Let's get this show moving, ie start work. 咱们先干起来吧. * This is the manager's show: you must ask him about it. 这是经理的事: 你得问他.  6 (idm 习语) for `show intended to be seen but not used 为了给人看而不是为了使用: She only has those books for show  she never reads them. 她的那些书只是装门面的--她从来不看. ,good `show! (Brit infml 口) (used to express approval or congratulation when sth has been done well 用以表示赞成或祝贺某事干得好): You passed your exams? Good show! 你考试及格了? 好极了! on `show being displayed 在展览中; 陈列著: All the new products were on show at the exhibition. 展览会上陈列著所有的新产品. a show of `hands raising of hands by a group of people to vote for or against sth 举手表决（赞成或反对某事）: The issue was decided by a show of hands. 这件事是通过举手表决决定的. * Who is in favour of the proposal? Can I have a show of hands, please? 谁赞成这项建议? 请大家举手表决好吗? steal the scene/show =>steal. stop the show =>stop1.
showy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (often derog 常作贬义) attracting attention through being bright, colourful or exaggerated 夸示的; 炫示的: a showy dress, hair-style, manner 花哨的连衣裙、 招眼的发型、 做作的态度. 
showily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv: dress very showily 穿得十分艳丽. 
showiness 
n [U].
showbiz 
/ 5FEUbIz; `FobIz/ n [U] (infml 口) = show business.
show business 
business of professional entertainment,esp in the theatre, in films, in TV, etc 演艺业, 娱乐界（尤指戏剧、 电影、 电视等）: working in show business 在娱乐界工作 * [attrib 作定语] show-business people, news 娱乐界人士、 新闻.
show-case 
n  1 case with a glass top or sides, for displaying articles in a shop, museum, etc （商店、 博物馆等的）玻璃柜橱, 陈列橱.  2 (fig 比喻) any means of showing sth favourably 显示某事物优点的方法: The programme is a show-case for young talent. 该计画旨在展示年轻人的才华.
show-down 
n final test, argument or fight to settle adispute （为解决争端的）最後的较量: The two contenders for the world championship will meet for a show-down next month. 两位世界冠军竞争者将於下月一决雌雄. * Management are seeking a show-down with the unions on the issue of illegal strikes. 资方正在就非法罢工问题与工会摊牌.
showgirl 
n girl (usu one of a group) who sings and dances in a musical show （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞女演员.
show-jumping 
n [U] sport of riding a horse to jump over barriers, fences, etc 骑马跳越障碍运动: [attrib 作定语] a show-jumping competition 骑马跳越障碍比赛.
showman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/)  1 person who organizes public entertainments, eg musicals, pop concerts, etc 演出主持人（如歌舞喜剧、 流行音乐会等的）.  2 person who is skilled in showmanship 善於引起公众注意的人: He's always been a bit of a showman, ie fond of drawing attention to himself. 他总是爱出风头.
showmanship 
n [U] skill in attracting public attention, eg to sth one wishes to sell or to one's own abilities 引起大家注意的技巧（如招揽生意或展示能力）.
show-piece 
n thing that is an excellent example of its type and is therefore used for display 供展出的样品.
show-place 
n place that is attractive or interesting, eg for tourists 吸引人的或有趣的地方（如游客去处）: old castles, palaces and other show-places 古老的城堡、 皇宫以及其他游览胜地.
showroom 
n place where things, eg goods for sale, are put on display 商品陈列室.
show
/ FEU; Fo/ v (pt showed, pp shown / FEUn; Fon/ or, rarely, 罕读作 showed)   1 (a) [Tn, Cn.a, Cn.g, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) cause sb/sth to be seen; display sb/sth 使某人[某物]被看见; 显示或展示某人[某物]: You must show your ticket at the barrier. 必须在检票处出示票. * The film is being shown at the local cinema. 本地影院正在上映这部电影. * Her paintings are being shown (ie exhibited) at a gallery in London. 她的画正在伦敦的一个美术馆里展出. * The photo shows her dressed in black. 在这张照片里, 她穿著黑衣服. * In the portrait he is shown lying on a sofa. 在这张画像中画著他躺在沙发上. * He showed me his pictures. 他给我看了他的照片. * She has shown them to all her friends. 她把那些东西给她所有的朋友都看过了. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] allow (sth) to be seen; reveal 使（某物）被看见; 显露: A dark suit doesn't show the dirt so much. 黑色的套装禁脏. * My shoes are showing signs of wear. 我的鞋已经显得旧了.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] be visible or noticeable 看得见; 可察觉出: Your petticoat is showing, Jane. 简, 你的衬裙露出来了. * Does the scar still show? 伤疤还看得出来吗? * His fear showed in his eyes. 他眼里露出恐惧的目光. * Her laziness showed in her exam results. 她平时懒惰从她的考试成绩可以看得出来. * His shirt was so thin that his vest showed through (it). 他的衬衫很薄, 连里面穿的背心都能看见.  3 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.n, Dn.w] point (sth) out; indicate 指出（某物）; 指示; 告知: The clock shows half past two. 时钟的针指著两点半. * Show me which picture you drew. 告诉我哪张是你画的.  4 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (a) ~ itself be visible 呈现; 可看出: His annoyance showed itself in his face. 从他的脸上可以看出他有烦恼. * The sun didn't show itself all day. 一整天没出太阳. (b) ~ oneself be present; appear 出席; 出现: He showed himself briefly at the party. 他在聚会上匆匆露了一面. * The leader rarely shows herself in public. 这位领导她很少在公众场合露面.  5 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] treat (sb) with (kindness, respect, cruelty, etc); give; grant 对（某人）（和蔼、 尊敬、 残忍等）; 给; 施予: The king often shows mercy (to prisoners). 这位国王常（对囚犯）大发慈悲. * The priest showed me great understanding. 神父对我非常理解. * They showed nothing but contempt for him. 他们对他轻蔑已极.  6 [Tn, Cn.a, Cn.n no passive 不用於被动语态] give evidence or proof of being or having (sth) 证明、 证实或表明为或有（某特质）: show no signs of intelligence 表现得一点也不聪明 * a soldier who showed great courage/showed himself to be very brave 表现得非常勇敢的士兵 * She showed herself unable to deal with money. 她做出的事表明她不善理财. * He showed himself (to be) a dishonest rascal. 他的表现证明他是个无赖.  7 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt, Dn.n, Dn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~sth (to sb) make sth clear; demonstrate sth; prove sth 使某事物清楚; 阐明或证明某事物: show the falseness of her claims/that her claims are false 证明她的说法不确 * show (him) how to do it/what to do 告诉（他）如何做[做什麽] * His expression shows how unhappy he is. 他的表情说明他非常不愉快. * Her new book shows her to be a first-rate novelist. 她的新书表明她是第一流的小说家. * They were shown the tragedy of war. 他们了解到了战争的悲惨. * She showed her methods of analysis to her pupils. 她向学生展示自己的分析方法.  8 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] lead or conduct (sb) to the specified place or in the specified direction 引领（某人）; 引导; 指引: We were shown into the waiting-room. 把我们带到了候客室. * Please show this lady out (of the building). 请把这位太太送出去. * The usherette showed us to our seats. 女引座员把我们带到座位上. * Our trained guides will show you round (the museum). 我们这些训练有素的导游来带你们参观（博物馆）.  9 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (infml 口) prove one's ability or worth to (sb) 向（某人）证实自己有能力或价值: They think I can't win, but I'll show them. 他们认为我赢不了, 但我要让他们看看.  10 (sl 俚 esp US) appear; show up 出现; 露面: I waited for you all morning but you never showed. 我整个上午都在等你, 但是没见到你的影子.  11 [I] (US) win a place (third or better) in a horse race 赛马中得名次（前三名）.  12 (idm 习语) do/show sb a kindness =>kindness (kind1). fly/show/wave the flag =>flag1. go to `show serve to prove or demonstrate 用以证明或显示: You've got no money now. It all/only goes to show you shouldn't gamble. 你现在没钱了, 这完全证明你不应该赌博. show (sb) a clean pair of `heels (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) run away 跑掉; 溜之大吉. show sb the `door ask sb to leave 叫某人离开; 逐出: After having insulted his host, he was shown the door. 他侮辱了主人, 结果被轰了出去. show one's `face appear before people 露面: She daren't show her face in the street. 她不敢在街上露面. show one's `hand/`cards reveal one's intentions or plans 表明意图或计画: I suspect they're planning something but they haven't shown their hand yet. 我怀疑他们在策画什麽事, 但是他们还没表露出来. show sb/know/learn the ropes =>rope. show a `leg (infml joc 口, 谑) get out of bed 起床. show one's teeth use one's power or authority to intimidate or punish sb 用权力或权威来吓唬或惩罚某人. show (sb) the `way (a) tell sb how to get to a certain place 告诉（某人）怎样到达某处: show him the way to the station 告诉他到车站怎麽走. (b) be an example to sb 成为某人的榜样: Let's hope her bravery will show the way for other young people. 希望她的英雄行为能成为年轻人的榜样. show the white `feather act in a cowardly way; show fear 示弱; 胆怯. show `willing show that one is ready to do sth, eg work hard, help, etc 表示愿意做某事（如努力工作、 帮助别人等）: I don't think I'm needed as a helper, but I'll go anyway, just to show willing. 我想并不需要我帮忙, 但我还是要去, 以示诚意. (have) something, nothing, etc to show for sth (have) something, nothing, etc as a result of sth 在某事物上有些、 没有成果等: All those years of hard work, and nothing to show for it! 苦干了那麽多年, 却拿不出成绩来. * I've only got 100 to show for all the stuff I sold. 我卖了那麽多东西, 只得到区区100英镑.  13 (phr v) show off (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) try to impress others with one's abilities, wealth, intelligence, etc 炫耀自己的能力、 财富、 智慧等: Do stop showing off  it's embarrassing. 快别卖弄了--太难为情了. * The child danced around the room, showing off to everybody. 那个孩子满屋子跳舞, 向大家显派一番. show sb/sth off draw people's attention to sb/sth 吸引大家注意某人[某事物]: a dress that shows off her figure well 能充分衬托出她那身段的连衣裙 * She was showing off her new husband at the party. 她在聚会上引著大家注意她的新郎. * He likes showing off how well he speaks French. 他喜欢引人注意到他法语说得非常好. show up (infml 口) arrive, often after a delay; appear 到来（通常在耽搁一段时间後）; 出现: It was ten o'clock when he finally showed up. 十点钟时他终於到了. * We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed up. 今天我们希望全体队员都到齐, 但结果只到了五个人. show (sth) up (cause sth to) become visible （使某物）显现出来: The dust on the shelf shows up in the sunlight. 在阳光照射下能看见架子上有灰尘. * Close inspection shows up the cracks in the stonework. 仔细观察就能发现这石雕中有裂缝. show sb up (infml 口) make sb feel embarrassed by behaving badly in his company 因举止失当使某人羞与为伍: He showed me up by falling asleep at the concert. 他在音乐会上睡著了, 弄得我很难为情. show sb up (as/for sth/to be sth) show sb to be (dishonest, disreputable, etc) 显露某人（不诚实、 不名誉等）: His diary shows him up as/shows him up to have been a greedy, arrogant man. 他的日记暴露出他又贪婪又傲慢.
showing 
n  1 act of showing 演出; 表演: two showings of the film daily 该电影每天放映两场.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) record or evidence of the success, quality, etc of sb/sth （某人[某事物]的）功过、 好坏、 表现等: the company's poor financial showing in recent years 公司近年来的财务不佳情况 * On (ie Judging by) last week's showing, the team is unlikely to win today. 按上星期的情况判断, 这个队今天不太可能赢.
show-off 
n (derog 贬) person who tries to impress others in speech or actions 爱炫耀的人: Take no notice of him  you know what a show-off he is. 别理睬他--你知道他多喜欢卖弄.
shower
/ 5FaUE(r); `FaJL/ n  1 (a) brief fall of rain, sleet or hail; sudden sprinkle of water 一阵的雨、 雨夹雪或冰雹; 突然喷洒的水: be caught in a shower 遇到阵雨 * a shower of spray 一阵喷雾. (b) large number of things falling or arriving together 大量同时来到的事物: a shower of stones, arrows, dust, ash 一阵乱石、 乱箭、 灰尘、 灰烬 * (fig 比喻) a shower of insults, blessings 一番侮辱、 祝福.  2 (a) (small room or cabinet containing a) device attached to the water supply, which produces a spray of water for washing 淋浴设备; 喷头; 淋浴室: I'm in the shower. 我在淋浴室呢. * [attrib 作定语] a shower cap, ie for keeping the hair dry 淋浴帽（防止头发淋湿的）. (b) wash in or under this 淋浴: take a shower 淋浴.  3 (US) party at which presents are given to a person, esp a woman about to get married or have a baby 礼物赠送会（尤指为即将结婚或分娩的女子举行的）.
shower 
v  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) on sb/sth; ~ down fall in a shower 阵雨般地降落: Small stones showered (down) on us from above. 小石块阵雨般地落在我们身上. * Good wishes showered (down) on the bride and bridegroom. 大家纷纷向新娘新郎祝福.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb with sth; ~ sth on/upon sb (a) cause (a great number of things) to fall on sb 使（大量东西）落在某人身上: shower the newly-weds with confetti 向新婚夫妇撒彩色纸屑 * The falling wall showered dust on us. 墙倒了, 落了我们一身土. (b) send or give sth to sb in great numbers 给某人大量的某物: The dancer was showered with praise. 那个跳舞的人备受称赞. * shower gifts on sb 向某人赠送大量礼物 * Honours were showered upon the hero. 人们纷纷向那位英雄致敬. =>Usage at spray2 用法见 spray2.
showery 
/ 5FaUErI; `FaJErI/ adj (of the weather) with frequent showers of rain （指天气）多阵雨的: a showery day 有阵雨的一天.
shower-proof 
adj (of clothing) that can keep out light rain （指衣服）防小雨的.
shown
pp of show2.
shrank
pt of shrink.
shrapnel
/ 5FrApnEl; `FrApnEl/ n [U] small fragments of metal encased in a shell and scattered when the shell explodes 榴霰弹: be hit by (a piece of) shrapnel 被榴霰弹（弹片）击中.
shred
/ Fred; FrZd/ n  1 (esp pl 尤作复数) strip or piece torn, cut or scraped from sth （撕下、 切下或刮下的）细条, 碎片: The jacket was torn to shreds by the barbed wire. 那件甲克让铁丝网给挂碎了.  2 ~ of sth (usu sing, in questions and negative sentences 通常作单数, 用於疑问句与否定句中) (fig 比喻) small amount of sth 少量: not a shred of truth in what she says 她说的没有一点实话 * Can they find a shred of evidence against me? 他们能找到丝毫不利於我的证据来吗? > shred v (-dd-) [Tn] tear, cut, etc (sth) into shreds 将（某物）撕成细条、 切成碎片等: shredded cabbage 切成丝的洋白菜 * shredding top-secret documents 用碎纸机切碎绝密文件. shredder n device that shreds, esp one that cuts documents into very small pieces so that they cannot be read 切碎机; （尤指用以销毁文件的）碎纸机.
shrew
/ Fru:; Fru/ n  1 small mouse-like animal that feeds on insects （似鼠的小动物, 以昆虫为食）.  2 (dated 旧) bad-tempered scolding woman 脾气坏而好骂人的女子.
shrewish 
adj bad-tempered; scolding 脾气坏的; 爱骂人的. 
shrewishly 
adv. 
shrewishness 
n [U].
shrewd
/ Fru:d; Frud/ adj (-er, -est) having or showing good judgement and common sense; astute 有准确判断力和常识的; 精明的; 敏锐的: a shrewd financier, dealer, politician, etc 精明的金融家、 商人、 政治家等 * a shrewd argument, plan, measure, investment 高明的论点、 计画、 措施、 投资 * make a shrewd guess, ie one that is likely to be right 猜得相当准. 
shrewdly 
adv. 
shrewdness 
n [U].
shriek
/ Fri:k; Frik/ v (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth; ~ (out) utter a shrill scream 尖叫: shrieking with laughter, excitement 尖声大笑、 激动的尖叫 * shriek (out) in fright 吓得尖叫起来. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth with a shrill scream 尖声说出: shriek (out) a warning 尖声警告 * `I hate you,' he shrieked. ｀我讨厌你,＇他尖声叫道.
shriek 
n shrill scream 尖叫声: shrieks of laughter 尖利的笑声 * He gave a loud shriek and dropped the pan. 他尖叫了一声就把锅扔下了.
shrift
/ FrIft; FrIft/ n (idm 习语) give sb/sth/get short shrift =>short1.
shrike
/ FraIk; FraIk/ n bird with a strong hooked bill which often impales its prey (small birds and insects) on thorns 伯劳（鸟, 喙弯而坚, 常将捕捉的小鸟和昆虫穿挂在荆刺上）.
shrill
/ FrIl; FrIl/ adj  1 (-er, -est) (of sounds, voices, etc) high-pitched; piercing; sharp （指声响、 嗓音等）高声调的, 尖锐的, 刺耳的: a shrill cry, whistle 尖叫声、 刺耳的汽笛声 * the shrill call of the parrot 鹦鹉的尖叫声.2 (fig sometimes derog 比喻, 有时作贬义) making loud, persistent and forceful complaints, demands, etc 大声、 执著、 强烈地提出申诉、 要求等的: his shrill protests about cruelty 他大声疾呼反对残酷行为 *The Opposition were shrill in their criticism of the Government's action. 反对党声嘶力竭地抨击政府的措施. 
shrilly 
/ 5FrIlI; `FrIlI/ adv: scream shrilly 高声叫喊 * complain shrilly in a letter 在信中笔锋尖利地表示不满. 
shrillness 
n [U].
shrimp
/ FrImp; FrImp/ n  1 small marine shellfish that is used for food, becoming pink when boiled 小虾. =>illus at shellfish  见 shellfish 插图.  2 (joc or derog 谑或贬) very small person 矮小的人: a pale, skinny shrimp 面黄肌瘦的小个子.
shrimp 
v [I] (usu 通常作 go shrimping) try to catch shrimps 去捉小虾.
shrine
/ FraIn; FraIn/ n  1 any place that is regarded as holy because of its associations with a special person or event 神圣的地方或处所; 圣地; 圣坛; 圣祠; 神龛: He built a chapel as a shrine to the memory of his dead wife. 他建了一座小教堂作为悼念亡妻的圣所. * (fig 比喻) Wimbledon is a shrine for all lovers of tennis. 温布尔登是所有网球爱好者的圣地.  2 tomb or container in which holy relics are kept 圣陵; 圣骨匣.
shrink
/ FrINk; FrINk/ v (pt shrank / FrANk; FrANk/ or shrunk / FrQNk; FrQNk/, pp shrunk)  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller, esp because of moisture or heat or cold （使某物）收缩（尤指因受潮、 受热或受凉所致）; 萎缩: Will this shirt shrink in the wash? 这件衬衫洗後缩水吗? * The dough shrank slowly in the cold air. 面团在冷空气中慢慢收缩了. * Car sales have been shrinking (ie Fewer have been sold) recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降. * The hot water shrank my pullover. 我的套头毛衣遇热水後收缩了.  2 (idm 习语) a ,shrinking `violet (joc 谑) timid or shy person 胆小的或怕羞的人: She's no shrinking violet  always ready to speak up for herself. 她可不胆小--任何场合都能为自己说话.  3 (phr v) shrink (away/back) from sth/sb move back or withdraw from sth/sb, esp through fear or disgust 退缩;畏缩: As he moved threateningly forward she shrank (back) from him. 他步步逼近, 把她吓得直（向後）退缩. shrink from sth/doing sth be reluctant to do sth 不愿做某事: He shrinks from hurting animals. 他很怕伤害了动物.
shrink 
n (sl joc 俚, 谑 esp US) psychiatrist 精神科医生; 精神病学家.
shrinkage 
/ 5FrINkIdV; `FrINkIdV/ n [U] process of shrinking; amount by which sth shrinks 收缩过程; 收缩量; 收缩程度: You can expect some shrinkage when the jeans are washed. 这种牛仔裤洗後要缩些水. * There has been some shrinkage in our export trade. 我们的出口贸易已有些萎缩.
shrunken 
/ 5FrQNkEn; `FrQNkEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having shrunk 萎缩的; 收缩的: an old, shrunken apple 因放久而蔫了的苹果 * the shrunken body of a starving child 孩子饿瘦的身体.
shrink-wrap 
v (-pp-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] wrap (eg food) in plastic film that shrinks tightly round it 用收缩性塑料薄膜包装（如食物）:  shrink-wrapped `cheese 用收缩塑料薄膜包装的乾酪.
shrive
/ FraIv; FraIv/ v (pt shrived or shrove / FrEUv; Frov/, pp shrived or shriven / 5FrIvn; `FrIvEn/) [Tn] (arch 古) (of a priest) hear (sb) confess his sins and forgive him for them （指教士）听（某人）忏悔并赦其罪.
shrivel
/ 5FrIvl; `FrIvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) shrink and wrinkle from heat, cold or dryness （使某物）蔫, 萎缩, 枯萎（因热、 冷或乾所致）: The leaves shrivelled (up) in the sun. 叶子在阳光下都蔫了. * The dry air shrivels the leather. 因空气乾燥, 皮子已起皱了. * He has a shrivelled face, ie with many wrinkles. 他脸上有很多皱纹.
shroud
/ FraUd; FraJd/ n  1 (also `winding-sheet) [C] cloth or sheet in which a dead person is wrapped for burial 裹尸布; 寿衣.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) thing that covers and hides 覆盖物; 遮蔽物: a shroud of fog, smoke, etc 一片浓雾、 烟雾等 * cloaked in a shroud of mystery/secrecy 笼罩在神秘的[秘密的]气氛中.  3 shrouds [pl] ropes supporting a ship's masts 支桅索.
shroud 
v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth in sth cover or hide sth with sth 用某物覆盖或遮蔽他物: shrouded in darkness, mist, etc 笼罩在黑暗、 雾霭等中 * a crime shrouded in mystery 笼罩在神秘气氛中的罪案.
Shrove Tuesday
/ 9FrEUv 5tju:zdI, -deI; ?@ 5tu:z-; `Frov`tuzdI, -de/ day before the beginning of Lent, on which people were often shriven 忏悔节（大斋首日的前一天, 人们曾常在此日忏悔请求赦罪）. Cf 参看 Ash Wednesday (ash2).
shrub
/ FrQb; FrQb/ n plant with a woody stem, lower than a tree and often having smaller stems branching off near the ground （有一个主茎的）灌木: [attrib 作定语] shrub roses 灌木蔷薇. Cf 参看 bush 
shrubbery 
/ 5FrQbErI;`FrQbErI/ n [C, U] area planted with shrubs 灌木丛: plant a shrubbery 栽种灌木林 * hiding in some shrubbery 藏在灌木丛中.
shrug
/ FrQg; FrQ^/ v (-gg-)   1 [I, Tn] raise (one's shoulders) slightly to express doubt, indifference, ignorance, etc 耸（肩）（以示怀疑、 与己无关、 不知道等）: I asked her where Sam was, but she just shrugged (her shoulders), ie to show she didn't know or didn't care. 我问她萨姆在哪儿, 她只是耸了耸肩（表示不知道或与己无关）.  2 (phr v) shrug sth off dismiss sth as being unimportant （认为某事物不重要）不予理会: I admire the way she is able to shrug off unfair criticism. 我很佩服她能对错误的批评意见不予理会.
shrug 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) movement of shrugging the shoulders 耸肩: with a shrug of the shoulders 耸耸肩 * She gave a shrug and walked away. 她耸了耸肩就走开了.
shrunk, shrunken
=>shrink.
shuck
/ FQk; FQk/ n (US)  1 [C] outer covering of a nut, etc; shell; husk （坚果等的）外壳; 荚; 外皮.  2 shucks [pl] thing of little value 没什麽价值的东西: not worth shucks 没有价值.
shuck 
v [Tn] (US) remove the shucks from (sth); shell 剥去（某物）的壳; 去荚: shuck peanuts, maize, peas 剥花生、 玉米、 豆.
shucks 
interj (US infml 口) (used to express annoyance, regret, embarrassment, etc 用以表示恼怒、 悔恨、 尴尬等).
shudder
/ 5FQdE(r); `FQdL/ v (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (with sth) shiver violently with cold, fear, etc; tremble （因寒冷、 恐惧等）发抖, 战栗: shudder with pleasure in a hot bath 洗热水澡时舒适得抖动起来 * shudder (with horror) at the sight of blood 看到血（吓得）发抖 * I shudder to think of the problems ahead of us. 我想到摆在面前的问题就不寒而栗. (b) [I] make a strong shaking movement; vibrate 剧烈地摇晃、 摆动; 震动: The ship shuddered as it hit the rocks. 船撞到礁石上剧烈地摇晃起来.
shudder 
n shuddering movement 战栗; 发抖; 摆动; 震动: A shudder of fear ran through him. 他吓得浑身哆嗦. * (infml 口) It gives me the shudders, ie terrifies me 我害怕极了.
shuffle
/ 5FQfl; `FQfl/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] walk without lifting the feet completely clear of the ground 拖著脚步走: Walk properly  don't shuffle. 好好走路--脚别蹭地. * The prisoners shuffled along the corridor and into their cells. 囚犯们沿著走廊拖著脚步进入牢房. * The queue shuffled forward slowly. 排长队的人拖著脚步往前蹭. (b) [I, Tn] change one's position or move (one's feet) about while standing or sitting, because of nervousness, boredom, etc （因紧张、 厌烦等）站著或坐著时改变位置或移动（双足）: The audience began to shuffle (their feet) impatiently. 观众已经不耐烦了, 渐渐跺起脚来. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.p] slide (playing-cards) over one another to change their order 洗（纸牌）: Who is going to shuffle? 谁洗牌? * She shuffled the pack (up). 她把牌洗好了. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] move (papers, etc) around to different positions 将（文件等）移来移去: He shuffled the papers (around) on the desk, pretending to be busy. 他胡乱翻动桌上文件, 装出很忙的样子.  3 [I] behave as if one is being dishonest, or avoiding responsibility, etc; avoid being definite 显得不诚实或逃避责任等; 闪烁其辞: Don't shuffle: give us a clear answer. 别躲躲闪闪的: 给我们一个明确的答覆.  4 (phr v) shuffle sth off (onto sb); shuffle out of sth avoid doing (what one ought to do) 推卸（应做的事）: He tries to shuffle his work off onto others. 他想把工作推给别人. * She shuffled out of the chores by saying she felt ill. 她说她有病, 把杂事都推掉了.
shuffle 
n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 shuffling walk or movement 拖著脚步走或移动（的姿态）: walk with an exhausted shuffle 拖著疲惫不堪的脚步走.  2 act of shuffling playing-cards 洗牌: give the pack a good shuffle 把牌好好洗一下.  3 rearrangement; reordering 重新安排; 重新组合: a shuffle in the Cabinet, ie reallocating responsibilities among its members, etc 内阁改组. 
shuffler 
/ 5FQflE(r); `FQflL/ n.
shuffle
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are a number of verbs which describe abnormal ways of walking. 有几个动词可用以表示不正常的行走方式. Shuffle and shamble indicate moving without lifting the feet completely off the ground. *shuffle和shamble均指行走时脚不完全离开地面. Shuffle suggests a slow, tired movement; shamble may be faster and more careless *shuffle指缓慢的、 疲惫的步子, 而shamble则可来得较快也较随便: The queue of prisoners shuffled towards the door. 那队囚犯拖著沉重的步子向门口蹭去. * The beggar shambled past us. 那个乞丐脚蹭著地从我们身旁走过.Stagger and stumble suggest unsteady or uncontrolledmovement. *stagger和stumble均指不稳的或身不由己的动作. A person staggers when carrying a heavy load or when drunk. 身负重物的人或喝醉的人走起路来即为stagger. We stumble when we hit our feet against unseen objects. 因未见到地上的物体, 不留心用脚碰到即为stumble. Waddle is used humorously to describe someone swaying from side to side like a duck because of fatness or while carrying heavy bags. *waddle的词义很幽默, 指因肥胖或因负重走起路来一摇一摆像鸭子似的. Hobble and limp describe the uneven movement of someone whose legs are injured. *hobble和limp均指腿受伤时不平稳的步子. Limp is used especially when only one leg is damaged or stiff. *limp专用以指单腿受伤或强直.
shufty (also shufti) 
/ 5FUftI; `FJftI/ n (idm 习语) take/have a shufty (at sth/sb) (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) have a look (at sb/sth) （朝某人[某物]）看一眼: Take a shufty at this box and tell me if it's big enough. 看一下这个盒子, 告诉我够大不够大.
shun
/ FQn; FQn/ v (-nn-) [Tn, Tg] keep away from (sth/sb); avoid 避开, 回避（某事物[某人]）; 避免: shun temptation, publicity, other people 避开诱惑、 避免出风头、 躲避别人 * She shuns being photographed. 她不愿别人给她照相.
shun
/ FQn; FQn/ interj (infml 口) = attention.
shunt
/ FQnt; FQnt/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (a railway locomotive, wagons, etc) from one track to another 使（火车头、 货车等）转轨、 调轨: shunting a train into a siding 把火车开到岔轨上. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a train) be shunted （指火车）转轨, 调轨.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move sb/sth to a different (often less important) place 将（某人[某事物]）转至另一（常指次要）地方: She's been shunted off to an office in the annexe. 她已调到附属建筑的办事处去了. * The luggage was shunted slowly into the lift. 已把行李慢慢移进电梯里. (b) [Tn.pr] change the direction or course of (sth); divert 改变（某事物）的方向或路线; 转移: shunt the conversation towards more pleasant topics 转换话题谈些愉快的事.
shush
/ FUF; FQF/ interj be silent!; hush! 安静! ; 嘘!
shush 
v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) tell sb to be silent 让某人安静.
shut
/ FQt; FQt/ v (-tt-, pt, pp shut)  1 (a) [Tn] move (a door, lid, window, etc) into a position where it blocks an opening 关上（门、 盖子、 窗户等）: shut the doors and windows at night 夜晚把门窗都关上 * shut the drawer 关上抽屉 * I can't shut the suitcase lid when it's so full. 衣箱装得很满, 我盖不上盖子了. * He shut the door on her/in her face, ie wouldn't let her in. 他把她关在门外了. (b) [I] (of a door, etc) move or be able to be moved into such a position （指门等）关上, 能关闭: The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上. * The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超级市场的门是自动关的.  2 (a) [Tn] cause (sth open) to close; close the door, lid, etc of (sth) 使（开著的东西）关上; 关上（某物）的门、 盖等: shut one's eyes/mouth 合上眼睛[嘴] * I can't shut my briefcase. 我关不上公事包. * The cashier shut the till and locked it. 出纳员把钱柜关好并锁上了. (b) [I] (esp of the eyes or mouth) close （尤指眼睛或嘴）闭上, 合上: His eyes shut and he fell asleep. 他合上眼睛睡著了. * Her mouth opened and shut, but no sound came out. 她的嘴张开又闭上了, 没有发出声音.  3 [Tn] fold together (sth that opens out) 合拢（打开著的东西）; 摺起: shut a book, wallet, penknife 合上书、 钱夹、 摺刀.  4 [I, Tn] (cause a business, etc to) stop functioning, esp temporarily （使公司等）停止营业（尤指暂时的）: It's time to shut the shop. 商店该关门了. * When do the pubs shut? 酒馆什麽时候关门? =>Usage at close4 用法见close4.  5 (idm 习语) keep one's mouth shut =>mouth 1. shut/slam the door in sb's face =>door. shut the door on sth refuse to consider sth 拒不考虑某事物: The union accused the management of closing the door on further negotiation. 工会指责资方拒绝进一步谈判. shut one's ears to sth/sb refuse to listen to sth/sb 拒不听某事[某人的话]: I begged her for help but she shut her ears to all my appeals. 我恳求她帮忙, 但她完全不理睬我的请求. shut/close one's eyes to sth =>eye1. shut one's `mouth/`face (sl 俚) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) be silent 要安静: Shut your mouth, nobody asked you! 闭上你的嘴, 没人要你说话! shut sb's `mouth (infml 口) prevent sb from speaking, revealing secrets, etc 防止某人说话、 泄露机密等. shut up `shop close one's business, stop trading, etc 停业; 关张: I've lost so much money this year that I'm being forced to shut up shop. 我今年赔了很多钱, 只好关门了. with one's eyes shut/closed =>eye1.  6 (phr v) shut sb/sth away put sb/sth in an enclosed place or away from others 将某人[某事物]置於封闭的范围内或隔离开: shut the letters away where no one will find them 把信放在谁也找不到的地方 * I hate being shut away in the country. 我很不喜欢住在闭塞的乡村.
shut (sth) down 
(cause a factory, etc to) stop working; close （使工厂等）停工, 歇业, 关闭: The workshop has shut down and the workers are unemployed. 工厂关闭後工人失业了. * They've shut down their factory. 他们把工厂关闭了.
shut sb/oneself in (sth) 
prevent sb/oneself from getting out of (a place) 将某人[自己]关在（某处）: She shuts herself in her study for hours. 她一个人关在书房里一呆就是几个小时. * We're shut in (ie surrounded) by the hills here. 我们处在群山环抱之中. shut sth in sth trap or pinch sth by closing sth 关闭某物时夹住、 卡住、 挤住...某物: I shut my finger in the car door, ie between the door and the door-pillar. 我的手指让汽车门给夹住了.
shut sth off 
stop the supply or flow of (eg gas, steam, water) 停止供应（煤气、 蒸气、 水）: You must shut the gas supply off if there's a leak. 煤气泄漏时, 必须把截门关上. shut sb/sth off (from sth) keep sb/sth away from sth 将某人[某物]与他物分开或隔开: His deafness shuts him off from the lives of others. 他耳聋阻碍了他与别人的交往. * The village is shut off from the world by lakes and marshes. 这个村子周围有湖泊与沼泽地, 隔断了与外界的联系.
shut sb/sth out (of sth) 
keep sb/sth out; exclude sb/sth; block sb/sth 将某人[某物]关在外面; 排除; 遮住: The government wants to shut the refugees out. 政府不愿接收难民. * These trees shut out the view. 这些树把景色遮住了. * He tried to shut all thoughts of her out of his mind. 他尽力不再想与她有关的任何事情.
shut (sb) up 
(infml 口) (cause sb to) stop talking （使某人）不再谈话: Oh, shut up, you fool! 喂, 住嘴, 你这个傻瓜! * Tell her to shut up. 叫她不要再说了. * Can't you shut him up? 你能不能叫他别再说了? shut sth up close all the doors and windows of (a house, etc) 将（房子等）的所有门窗都关上: We shut up the house before going on holiday. 我们去度假之前把所有门窗都关好了. shut sb/sth up (in sth) confine sb; put sth away 将某人关在（某处）; 将某物藏在（某处）: We shut him up in his room. 我们把他关在他的房间里. * Shut the jewels up in the safe. 把这些宝石藏在保险箱里.
shut-down 
n process of closing a factory, etc, either temporarily or permanently （工厂等的）关闭（临时或永久的）: strikes causing shut-downs in the steel industry 造成钢铁工业中一些企业倒闭的罢工.
shut-eye 
n [U] (infml 口) sleep 睡觉: get a bit of shut-eye 睡一会儿觉.
shutter
/ 5FQtE(r); `FQtL/ n  1 movable panel or screen that can be closed over a window to keep out light or thieves 活动的窗板或窗帘; 百叶窗; 遮板: The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店面装有卷动门帘.  2 device that opens to allow light to come through the lens of a camera （照相机镜头的）快门.  3 (idm 习语) put up the `shutters (infml 口) stop doing business at the end of the day or permanently 停止营业（一日结束时的或永久性的）: After managing the shop for thirty years she decided it was time to put up the shutters. 她经营这个商店已三十年了, 认为应该停业了.
shutter 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] close the shutters of (a building); provide with shutters 关闭（建筑物）的窗板; 装上窗板: The house was empty and shuttered. 这所房子是空的, 窗板都关上了.
shuttle
/ 5FQtl; `FQtl/ n  1 (a) (in a loom) instrument that pulls the thread of weft between the threads of warp （织机的）梭, 梭子. (b) (in a sewing-machine) holder that carries the lower thread to meet the upper thread to make a stitch （缝纫机的）滑梭, 摆梭.  2 aircraft, bus, etc that travels regularly between two places 穿梭班机、 公共汽车等（定时往返两地的）: I'm flying to Boston on the shuttle. 我将乘穿梭班机去波士顿.  3 (infml 口) = shuttlecock.
shuttle 
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move or travel backwards and forwards, or to and fro （使某物）穿梭般往返移动.
shuttlecock 
n round piece of cork, etc with a ring of feathers or of a light synthetic material attached, struck to and fro in badminton 羽毛球.
shuttle diplomacy 
diplomacy that requires the diplomat(s) to travel to and fro between the two groups involved 穿梭外交.
shuttle service 
service of buses, aircraft, etc travelling regularly between two places 穿梭业务, 穿梭营运（公共汽车、 飞机等往返於两地之间的定期班次）.
shy
/ FaI; FaI/ adj (shyer, shyest)  1 (a) (of people) timid and nervous in the presence of others; reserved （指人）羞怯的, 腼腆的: He was too shy to speak to her. 他很怕羞, 连话都不敢跟她说. * The child isn't at all shy with adults. 这小孩在大人面前一点也不羞怯. (b) (of behaviour, etc) showing that one is timid, reserved, etc （指行为等）羞怯的, 　腆的: a shy look, smile, etc 羞怯的表情、 微笑等.  2 (of animals, birds, etc) unwilling to be seen by or be near to humans; easily frightened （指鸟兽等）不愿近人的, 易受惊的, 胆怯的.  3 ~ of sb/doing sth wary or afraid of (a person or an action) 对（某人或某行为）存戒心的或有顾忌的: The dog is shy of strangers. 这狗怕生人. * I'm shy of buying shares, in case I lose money. 我不敢买股票, 怕赔钱.  4 ~ (on/of sth/sb) (US infml 口) short of or lacking sth/sb 短、 少或缺某事物[某人]: We've plenty of wine, but we're shy on beer. 我们有很多葡萄酒, 但啤酒不够. * We are still two men shy (of a full team). 我们还少两个人（才能凑成一个队）.  5 (idm 习语) fight shy of sb/sth =>fight1. once bitten, twice shy => bite1.
shy 
v (pt, pp shied / FaId; FaId/)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (of a horse) turn aside or hold back in fear or alarm （指马）受惊, 惊: The colt shied at the fence and refused to jump over it. 这马驹到障碍物前害怕不敢跳过去.  2 (phr v) shy away from sth/doing sth avoid or move away from (doing) sth because of shyness, fear, etc （因害羞、 恐惧等）避免或逃避（做某事）: I've always shied away from close friendships. 我总是避免与人深交.
-shy 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) avoiding or not liking the thing specified 避开或厌恶某事物的: `camera-shy, ie reluctant to be photographed * a pub,licity-shy politician * You've been `work-shy all your life. 你这辈子就是不喜欢工作. 
shyly 
adv. 
shyness 
n [U].
shy
/ FaI; FaI/ v (pt, pp shied / FaId; FaId/) [Tn, Tn.pr] (dated infml 旧, 口) throw (sth) 投, 掷, 扔（某物）: shy stones (at a bottle, over a wall, etc) （朝瓶子、 墙那边等）扔石头.
shy 
n (infml 口) act of throwing 投; 掷; 扔: have/take a couple of shies at the tin can in the lake 朝著湖里的白铁罐砍了两下. Cf 参看 coconut shy (coconut).
shyster
/ 5FaIstE(r); `FaIstL/ n (infml 口 esp US) unscrupulous and dishonest person, esp a lawyer 不道德、 不诚实的人（尤指律师）: [attrib 作定语] shyster politicians 奸诈的政客.
SI
/ 9es 5aI; 9Zs `aI/ abbr 缩写 = International System (of units of measurement) (French Systeme International) 国际单位制（源自法文 Systeme International）: SI units 国际单位.
Siamese
/ 9saIE5mi:z; 9saIE`miz/ adj of Siam (now called Thailand), its people or its language 暹罗（现称泰国）的; 暹罗人的; 暹罗语的.
Siamese 
n  1 (a) [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) native of Siam 暹罗人. (b) [U] language of Siam 暹罗语.  2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) = Siamese cat.
Siamese cat 
cat of an oriental breed having short pale fur with darker face, ears, tail and feet 暹罗猫.
Siamese twins 
twins born with their bodies joined together in some way 连体双胞胎.
sibilant
/ 5sIbIlEnt; `sIblEnt/ adj like or produced with a hissing sound （似）发咝咝声的: the sibilant noise of steam escaping 蒸气逸出时发出的咝咝声.
sibilant 
n sibilant letter or speech-sound, eg / s, z, F, V, tF, dV/ 发嘶音的字母或语音（如 /s/、 /z/、 /F/、 /V/、/tF/、 /dV/）.
sibling
/ 5sIblIN; `sIblIN/ n (fml 文) any one of two or more people with the same parents; brother or sister 兄弟姊妹: I have two brothers and a sister: three siblings in all. 我有两个哥哥和一个妹妹: 共有三个兄妹. * [attrib 作定语] sibling rivalry 同胞兄弟姊妹间的竞争.
sibyl
/ 5sIbl; `sIbl/ n any of a group of women in the ancient world thought to be able to foresee the future （古代的）女预言家.
sibylline 
/ 5sIbElaIn, sI5bIlaIn or, rarely, ?@ 罕, 美亦读作 5sIbEli:n; `sIbl9in/ adj spoken by or characteristic of a sibyl; mysteriously prophetic 女预言家（所言）的; 神秘预言的: a sibylline utterance 女预言家的预言.
sic
/ sIk; sIk/ adv (placed in brackets after a quoted word or phrase that seems to be or is incorrect, in order to show that it is quoted accurately 置於括号中, 表示前面引文非笔者之误): The notice read: `Skool (sic) starts at 9 am.' 布告上写的是: `Skool（原文如此）starts at 9 am.'
sick
/ sIk; sIk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 physically or mentally unwell; ill （身体或精神）不适; 患病的: a sick person, animal, plant 患病的人、 动物、 植物 * She has been sick for weeks. 她已病了好几个星期了. * He's off (work) sick. 他因病而未上班.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] likely to vomit; nauseous 作呕; 恶心: feeling sick 觉得恶心 * a sick feeling in the stomach 胃里恶心的感觉 * You'll make yourself sick if you eat all those sweets. 要是你把这些糖都吃下去就要恶心. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth/doing sth (infml 口) bored with sb/sth; not liking sb/sth through having had too much of him/it 厌倦或腻烦某人[某事物]: I'm sick of waiting around like this. 我腻烦像这样在一旁等著. * She has had the same job for years and is heartily sick of it. 她做这一工作已多年, 因此从心底里感到厌烦. * Get out! I'm sick of the sight of you! 滚出去! 一见到你我就觉得讨厌!  4 [pred 作表语] ~ (at/about sth/doing sth) distressed or disgusted 苦恼; 憎恶: We were pretty sick about losing the match. 我们比赛输了感到很恼火.  5 (infml 口) cruel, morbid or perverted; offensive 残酷的; 病态的; 反常的; 讨厌的: a sick joke, mind 可怖的笑话、 病态的心理 * sick humour 残酷的幽默 * She made a sick remark about dead babies. 关於那些死的婴儿, 她说了些令人反感的话.  6 (idm 习语) be `sick throw up food from the stomach; vomit 呕吐: The cat's been sick on the carpet. 猫在地毯上吐了. eat oneself sick =>eat. fall sick (with sth); (fml 文) take `sick become ill 生病: He fell sick with malaria on a trip to Africa. 他在去非洲时患了疟疾. laugh oneself silly/sick =>laugh. make sb `sick outrage or disgust sb 使某人愤慨或厌恶: His hypocrisy makes me sick. 我很讨厌他那麽虚伪. * It makes me sick to see her being treated so badly. 我看到她受到这样虐待非常愤怒. on the `sick-list (infml 口) sick and absent from work, duty, etc 因病缺勤或缺席: She's not at her desk today: she's on the sick-list. 她今天没上班: 因病缺勤. (as) sick as a parrot (Brit joc catchphrase 谑, 警语) disgusted 憎恶的. sick at `heart (fml 文) full of disappointment, fear or grief; unhappy 极为失望、 恐惧或悲伤; 感到不快: She left her home reluctantly and sick at heart. 她依依不舍地离开了家, 心情很沉重. sick to death of/sick and tired of sb/sth (infml 口) wearied, bored or annoyed by sb/sth; fed up with sb/sth （因某人[某事物]）厌倦, 厌恶; 厌烦某人[某事物]: sick to death of eating boiled cabbage with every meal 顿顿都吃煮洋白菜, 腻死了 * I'm sick and tired of your constant complaints. 我厌烦你没完没了的抱怨. sick to one's `stomach (US) outraged or disgusted 愤慨的; 厌恶的.
sick 
n  1 [U] (infml 口) vomit 呕吐物: The basin was full of sick. 盆里全是吐的东西.  2 the sick [pl v] people who are ill 病人; 患者: all the sick and wounded 所有的病人和伤者 * visit the sick in hospital 看望住院的病人.
sick 
v (phr v) sick sth up (infml 口) throw (food) up from the stomach; vomit sth 吐出（食物）; 呕吐某物: The baby sicked up a little milk. 婴儿吐出了一点奶.
-sick 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) feeling sick(2) as a result of travelling on a ship, plane, etc 晕船、 晕飞机等: `seasick * `airsick * `travel-sick * `carsick.
sick-bay 
n room or rooms in a ship, boarding-school, etc for people who are ill （船上、 寄宿学校等的）病室.
sick-bed 
n bed of a person who is ill 病床: lying pale on his sick-bed （他）躺在病床上, 面色苍白 * The President left his sick-bed to attend the ceremony, ie attended it although he was ill. 总统带病参加了典礼.
sick-leave 
n [U] permission to be absent from work, duty, etc because of illness; period of such absence 病假: be granted sick-leave 准予休病假 * two weeks' sick-leave 两周病假. 
sick-pay 
n [U] pay given to an employee who is absent because of illness 病假工资.
sick-room 
n room that is occupied by or kept ready for sb who is ill 病室: You should go to the sick-room if you're not feeling well. 要是觉得不舒服就应该到病室里去休息.
sick
NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 (Be) sick in informal British English means `bring food up from the stomach' (US vomit) 在英式英语的口语中, (be) sick意为｀呕吐＇（美式英语中用vomit）: Johnny's been sick again  should we call the doctor? 约翰尼又吐了--我们应该请医生来吗? * Do you get seasick/airsick? 你晕船[晕机]吗? * I feel sick  I think it was that fish I ate. 我很恶心--大概是吃那鱼的缘故. Sick in British English is used only before a noun when it means `ill' 在英式英语中, sick只有用在名词前时才作ill解: a sick child 患病的孩子 * He's looking after his sick mother. 他正在看护生病的母亲.  2 Sick in US English and ill in British English mean `not well' or `in bad health', usually as a result of a disease 美式英语中的sick和英式英语中的ill均指｀不适＇或｀身体不好＇, 通常指因疾病引起的: I've been too sick/ill to go to work for the last few months. 我近几个月身体不好没上班.  3 Poorly (informal British English) means `ill'. *poorly（在英式英语的口语中）意为ill. *It is often used of or by children 这个词常用於儿童或是儿童经常使用: My daughter's a bit poorly today, so she didn't go to school. 我女儿今天有点不舒服, 所以她没去上学.
sicken
/ 5sIkEn; `sIkEn/ v  1 [Tn] cause (sb) to feel disgusted 使（某人）感到厌恶或恶心: Cruelty sickens most of us. 我们大多数人都对残暴行为十分愤慨. * Their business methods sicken me. 我很讨厌他们做生意的手法. * I was sickened at/by the sight of the dead body. 我看到那死尸感到很恶心.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (Brit) begin to be ill; become ill 生病; 患病: slowly sickened and died 慢慢病死了 * She looks so pale. Is she sickening for something? 她气色很不好. 是不是得了什麽病了?  3 (phr v) sicken of sth (fml 文) become weary of or disgusted with sth 厌倦或厌恶某事物: I began to sicken of the endless violence shown on television. 我逐渐对电视上无尽无休的暴力镜头感到厌恶.
sickening 
adj disgusting 令人厌恶的: a sickening sight, smell 令人厌恶的场面、 气味 * sickening cruelty 令人憎恶的残酷行为 * The car hit the tree with a sickening crash. 那辆汽车撞在树上发出让人难受的撞击声. 
sickeningly 
adv.
sickle
/ 5sIkl; `sIkl/ n short-handled tool with a curved blade for cutting grass, corn, etc 镰刀. Cf 参看 scythe.
sickle cell 
sickle-shaped red blood-corpuscle found esp in a severe type of hereditary anaemia 镰形红细胞.
sickly
/ 5sIklI; `sIklI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 often ill 常病的: a sickly child 多病的孩子.  2 looking unhealthy 不健康的: sickly, dried-out plants 长势不好、 枯槁的植物 * a pale, sickly complexion 苍白的病容 * He looked weak and sickly. 他看上去虚弱有病态.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] expressing unhappiness; weak; faint 显示不愉快的; 虚弱的; 无力的: a sickly smile, look 苦笑、 苦相.  4 causing or likely to cause a feeling of sickness or distaste 令人作呕的; 令人厌恶的: a sickly smell, taste, etc 令人作呕的气味、 味道等 * a sickly green colour 令人生厌的绿色 * (fig 比喻) a sickly, sentimental story 无病呻吟的伤感故事.
sickness
/ 5sIknIs; `sIknIs/ n [U]  1 illness; ill health 疾病; 患病; 不健康: Is there much sickness in the village now? 这村庄现在患病的多吗? * They were absent because of sickness. 他们因病缺席.  2 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] particular type of illness or disease 病; 疾病: sleeping sickness 昏睡病 * suffering from altitude sickness 患高空病 * air-/sea-/travel-/car-sickness 晕机[晕船/晕（机、 船、 车等）/晕车] * a sickness common in the tropics 热带常见病.  3 [U] feeling that one is likely to vomit; vomiting 作呕; 呕吐: The sickness passed after I lay down for a while. 我躺下一会後就不恶心了. * The symptoms of this disease are fever and sickness. 这种病的症状是发烧与呕吐.
sickness benefit 
(Brit) money paid by the State to sb who is absent from work because of illness 病假补助（政府付给生病员工的钱）: entitled to sickness benefit 享受病假补助.
side
/ saId; saId/ n  1 [C] (a) any of the flat or nearly flat surfaces of a solid object （固体的平的或近似平的）面: the six sides of a cube 立方体的六个面. (b) any of the surfaces that is not the top or bottom 侧面（不包括顶面或底面）: A box has a top, a bottom and four sides. 盒子有顶面、 底面和四个侧面. (c) any of the surfaces that is not the top or bottom, front or back 侧面（不包括顶面、 底面、 前面或後面）: There is a garage built onto the side of the house. 这所房子的一侧建有一个车库. * [attrib 作定语] a side door, entrance, window 边门、 侧门、 边窗.  2 [C] (mathematics 数) any of the lines that form the boundaries of a plane figure, such as a triangle or a rectangle （组成三角形、 矩形等平面图形的）边.  3 [C] (area near the) edge or boundary of sth 边缘或边界（的地方）: a table by one's bedside/by the side of one's bed 床边的桌子 * people sitting on both sides of the table, ie on the two longer sides of a rectangular one 坐在桌子两（长）边的人 * standing at the side of the road 站在路边 * the south side of the field 田地的南边 * We planted tulips along the side of the lawn. 我们沿草坪的边缘种上了郁金香.  4 [C] either of the two surfaces of sth flat and thin, eg paper, cloth, sheet metal （平而薄的东西, 如纸、 布、 金属片两面之一的）面: Write on one side of the paper only. 只在纸的一面写字. * Which is the right side of the cloth (ie the one intended to be seen)? 这块布哪一面是正面? * This side of the glass is filthy. 玻璃的这一面很脏.  5 [C] inner or outer surface of sth more or less upright （垂直或近似垂直物的）内侧或外侧: the side of the mountain, tower, haystack 山、 塔、 草堆的坡面 * a steep hillside 陡峭的山坡 * paint the sides of the cylinder 把圆筒的外面漆一下 * paintings on the sides (ie walls) of the cave 在洞穴内壁上的图画 * a puncture in the side of the tyre 轮胎上的小孔.  6 [C] (a) either the right or the left part of a person's body, esp from the armpit to the hip （人体的）左侧或右侧（尤指腋至臀的部分）; 　: wounded in the left side 左　受伤 * lying on one's side 侧卧. (b) region near to this 身边; 身旁: sit at/by sb's side 坐在某人旁边 * On my left side stood Fred. 我的左侧站著弗雷德.  7 [C] either of the two halves of an animal that has been killed for meat （已宰杀供食用动物的）半边躯体, 　肉: a side of beef, bacon, etc 牛的　肉、 腌的猪　肉.  8 [C] (a) either of the two halves of a surface or an object divided by an imaginary central line （一物体或物体表面从中以假想线分为两半之一的）面, 半, 边: the left side of the brain 脑的左半部 * the left, right, shady, sunny, etc side of the street 大街的左、 右、 背阴、 向阳等面 * the eastern side of the town 城镇的东区 * the debit/credit side of the account 帐簿中的借[贷]方 * Go over to the other/far side of the room. 到房间的另一边去. * Which side of the theatre would you like to sit? 你喜欢坐在剧院的哪一边? (b) either of the two areas, etc divided by a line or boundary （由一界线分成两部分之一的）面, 边, 部分: She stood on the other side of the fence. 她站在篱笆的另一边. * He crossed the bridge to this side of the river. 他过桥来到河的这一边.  9 [C] (Brit dated infml 旧, 口) television channel 电视频道: Switch over to the other side. 转到另一个频道看看.  10 [C] (a) either of two parties or groups involved in a dispute, contest, etc with each other （辩论、 竞赛等双方的）一方: the two sides in the strike, ie employers and workers 罢工事件中的双方（雇主和工人） * There are faults on both sides. 双方都有错. (b) position or opinion held in an argument; attitude or activity of one person or group with respect to another （辩论中所持的）立场或观点; （个人或团体相对於另一个人或团体采取的）态度或行动: She argued her side of the case well. 她有理有据地陈述了自己的意见. * You must hear his side of things now. 你现在得听听他这方面的看法. * Will you keep your side of the bargain? 你那一方能遵守协议吗?  11 (Brit) sports team （运动）队: five-a-side football 五人一队的足球比赛 * the winning/losing side 胜[败]方 * pick sides, ie choose who will play on each side 双方各自挑选队员 * Austria has a good side, and should win. 奥地利队阵容强, 很可能赢.  12 [C] aspect of sth that is different from other aspects; point of view （与其他方面不同的）方面, 观点: study all sides of a question 研究一问题的各个方面 * the gentle side of her character 她性格中温柔的一面 * approach the problem from a different side 从另一角度来探讨这一问题.  13 [C] line of descent through a father or mother 父系或母系; 世系; 血统: a cousin on my father's side, ie a child of my father's brother or sister 堂兄弟姐妹之一或父系的表兄弟姐妹之一.  14 [U] (dated infml 旧, 口) behaviour showing that one thinks one is better than others; arrogance 自大; 傲慢: a person quite without side 不摆架子的人 * There's absolutely no side to him. 他非常谦虚.  15 (idm 习语) born on the wrong side of the blanket =>born. come down on one side of the fence or the other make a choice between two alternatives 在两者之间做出选择; 支持两方中之一方: The jury is considering its verdict and we're waiting to see which side of the fence they'll come down on. 陪审团正在考虑裁决, 我们等著看他们支持哪一方. err on the side of sth =>err. get on the right/wrong side of sb please/ displease sb 使某人愉快[使某人不愉快]. have got out of bed on the wrong side =>bed1. know which side one's bread is buttered =>know. laugh on the other side of one's face =>laugh. let the `side down not give one's colleagues, etc the help and support they expect, or behave in a way that disappoints them 不帮助、 不支持同事; 使同事感到失望: You can always rely on Angela  she'd never let the side down. 你尽可完全信赖安吉拉--她从不使同事感到失望. look on the bright side =>bright. on/from all sides; on/from every side in/from all directions; everywhere 在[从]各个方向; 到处: soldiers attacking on all sides 从各个方向发动进攻的士兵 * There was devastation on every side. 到处都是破坏的创伤. on the `big, `small, `high, etc side (infml 口) rather or too big, small, high, etc 偏大、 偏小、 偏高等: These new trousers are a bit on the large side. 这条新裤子有点大. on the distaff side =>distaff. on the ,right/,wrong side of `forty, `fifty, etc (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) younger/older than forty, fifty, etc years of age 不足[已过]四十、 五十岁等. on the safe side =>safe1. on the `side (infml 口) (a) as a sideline 作为兼职或副业: a mechanic who buys and sells cars on the side 兼营买卖汽车的技工. (b) secretly 秘密地; 暗地里: He's married but he has a girl-friend on the side. 他虽有妻室, 但暗地里还有一个女朋友. (be) on the side of sb (be) a supporter of sb; holding the same views as sb （成为）某人的支持者; 与某人观点相同: Whose side are you on anyway? ie You should be supporting me. 你究竟支持谁? （你应该支持我.） * I'm on George's side in this debate. 这场辩论中我和乔治的观点相同. on/from the wrong side of the tracks =>wrong. the other side of the `coin the opposite or contrasting aspect of a matter 事情的另一面: Everyone assumes he's to blame but they don't know the other side of the coin. 大家都认为是他的错, 但他们都不知道事情的另一面. put sth on/to one `side (a) put sth aside 将某物置於一边: I put the broken glass to one side. 我把破玻璃杯搁在一旁. (b) leave sth to be dealt with later 搁置某事; 暂缓处理: I put his complaint on one side until I had more time. 我把他的申诉暂搁一边, 待有时间时再处理. ,side by `side (a) close together, facing in the same direction 肩并肩地: two children walking side by side 两个并肩走路的小孩. (b) supporting each other 相互支持: We stand side by side with you in this dispute. 在这场辩论中我们与你们相互支持. split one's sides =>split. take sb on(to) one `side have a private talk with sb 将某人拉到一边以便私下交谈: I took her on one side to ask about her odd behaviour. 我把她带到一旁问她为什麽有这种奇怪举动. take `sides (with sb) express support for sb in a dispute, etc 在辩论等中表示支持某人; 偏袒: You mustn't take sides in their argument. 在他们的争论中你不要偏袒任何一方. * She took sides with me against the teacher. 她支持我反对老师. a thorn in one's flesh/side =>thorn. time is on sb's side =>time1. wrong side out =>wrong.
-sided 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a specified number or type of sides （有某数目或类型的）面的, 边的: a six-sided object * a glass-sided container.
sideboard 
n  1 [C] table, usu with drawers and cupboards, for crockery, etc 餐具柜.  2 `sideboards (US `sideburns) [pl] patches of hair growing on the side of a man's face in front of the ears （男子的）鬓角. => illus at hair 见 hair 插图.
side-car 
n small vehicle attached to the side of a motor cycle, to seat a passenger （摩托车的）跨斗.
side-dish 
n extra dish or course at a meal, usu served with another course （正菜外的）小菜（通常指配菜）.
side-drum 
n small double-sided drum 小鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.
side-effect 
n (often pl 常作复数) secondary, usu unpleasant or unwanted, effect of a drug, etc （药物等的）副作用.
side-issue 
n issue that is less important than the main one 次要问题: What I earn is a side-issue. What really matters is that I don't like my work. 我挣多少钱倒不重要. 真正重要的是我不喜欢这个工作.
sidekick 
n (infml 口 esp US) assistant or close companion 助手; 亲密伙伴: the gangster and his two sidekicks 匪徒与他的两个帮凶.
sidelight 
n  1 either of a pair of small lights at the front of a vehicle （车辆前面的）侧灯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.  2 ~ (on sb/sth) (fig 比喻) minor or casual piece of information that helps one to understand a subject, etc （有助於了解某问题等的）小的或偶然的启示: The article about the theatre gave us a few sidelights on the character of its owner. 关於该剧院的这篇文章对我们了解其业主的个性带来了意外的启示.
sidelong 
adj [attrib 作定语], adv (directed) to or from the side; sideways 横向（的）; 侧面（的）: a sidelong glance 横扫一眼 * look sidelong at sb 斜着看某人.
side-on 
adv with the side of sth towards sth else 以某物的侧面朝着另一物: The other car hit us side-on, ie hit us with its side. 那辆汽车的侧面撞到了我们.
side order 
(esp US) item of food served to a person in addition to the main dish and on a separate plate （主菜之外）另点的菜: a side order of French fries 另点了一个炸薯条.
side-road 
n minor road branching off a main road （从干线分出来的）支线, 叉道, 小道.
side-saddle 
n saddle for a woman rider made so that both legs can be on the same side of the horse 横鞍; 偏座鞍; 女鞍.  adv on a side-saddle 在鞍上偏坐着: riding side-saddle 偏坐在鞍上.
side-show 
n  1 small show offering a game or some other amusement at a circus, fun-fair, etc （马戏、 游乐场等的）杂耍.  2 (fig 比喻) activity of less importance than the main activity 次要的活动; 附属事件.
side-slip 
n (a) sideways skid of a motor vehicle （机动车）滑向一边, 侧滑, 横滑. (b) sideways movement of an aircraft making a turn （飞机转弯时的）侧滑, 横滑.  v [I] (-pp-) make a side-slip 侧滑; 横滑.
side-splitting 
adj (infml 口) extremely funny 极滑稽的: the clown's side-splitting antics 小丑令人捧腹大笑的滑稽动作.
side-step 
n step to one side, eg to dodge sb or to avoid a blow 横跨的一步（如避开某人或避免受打击）.  v (-pp-)  1 [Tn] (a) avoid (a blow, etc) by stepping to one side 横跨一步以免受（打击等）: The footballer side-stepped the tackle. 该足球队员向旁边跨步以避开对方拦截动作. (b) evade (a question, etc) 回避（问题等）: He side-stepped the issue by saying it was not part of his responsibilities. 他回避这一问题, 说这不属於他的责任范围.  2 [I] make a side-step 横跨一步.
side-street 
n minor street branching off a major street 小巷.
side-stroke 
n [U] any of various types of swimming stroke in which the swimmer is on his side 侧泳: Can you do side-stroke? 你会侧泳吗?
side-swipe 
n (US)  1 indirect blow along the side of sth 横击; 侧击.  2 (infml 口) critical remark made among remarks of a different kind or on a different subject 旁敲侧击: When talking about the performance, she couldn't resist (taking) a side-swipe at the orchestra. 她谈到演出时, 忍不住把管弦乐队批评了一通.
side-track 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] divert (sb) from the main topic or issue 引导（某人）转换话题: The lecturer was discussing politics but got side-tracked by a question from the audience into talking about religion. 讲演人正在谈论政治, 但因听众提出问题一岔开而谈起宗教来了.
side-view 
n view of sth from the side 侧面图; 侧景: The picture is/shows a side-view of the house. 这幅画画的是房子的侧面.
sidewalk 
n (US) = pavement 1.
sideways 
adv, adj [attrib 作定语]  1 to, towards or from the side 斜着（的）; 斜向一边（的）: A crab moves sideways. 螃蟹横着爬行. * He looked sideways at me. 他斜着眼看我. * a sideways glance 斜着眼看.  2 with one side facing forwards 以侧面对着（的）: carry the sofa sideways through the door 把沙发顺过来一端向前抬着通过这道门.  3 (idm 习语) knock sb sideways =>knock2.
side-whiskers 
n [pl] patches of hair growing on the sides of a man's face down to, but not on, the chin （男子的长可至颏的, 但不长在颏上的）长鬓角（与络腮胡子不同）.
side-winder 
/ 5saIdwaIndE(r); `saId9waIndL/ n type of small rattlesnake that moves sideways in a series of loops 角响尾蛇.
side
/ saId; saId/ v (phr v) side with sb (against sb) support sb in an argument, dispute, etc （在争论、 辩论等中）支持（某人）, 站在（某人）一边: She sided with her brother against the others in the class. 她在班上支持哥哥反对其他同学.
sideline
/ 5saIdlaIn; `saId9laIn/ n  1 [C] class of goods sold in addition to the main class of goods 附带出售的货物: a butcher selling groceries as a sideline 兼卖杂货的肉商.  2 [C] occupation that is not one's main work 副业; 兼职: I'm a teacher really; my writing is just a sideline. 我其实是个教师, 写作只是我的兼职.  3 sidelines [pl] (space immediately outside the) lines forming the boundary of a football pitch, tennis court, etc at the sides （足球场、 网球场等的）边线（界外区）: some spectators on the sidelines 在边线外的一些观众.  4 (idm 习语) on the `sidelines observing sth but not directly involved in it 旁观; 不直接参与: As a journalist, I was on the sidelines during the political crisis. 我是记者, 在这一政治危机时期我是目睹一切的局外人.
sideline 
v [Tn] (esp US) remove (sb) from a game, team, etc; put out of action 使（某人）退出比赛; 使中止活动: Our best player has been sidelined by injury. 我们的主力队员已因受伤而退出了比赛.
sidereal
/ saI5dIErIEl; saI`dIrIEl/ adj (fml 文) of the stars or measured by them 星的; 恒星的; 以恒星为计算标准的: sidereal time 恒星时 * the sidereal year, ie 365 days, 6 hours, 10 minutes 恒星年（即365天6小时10分）.
siding
/ 5saIdIN; `saIdIN/ n short track beside a main railway line, into and from which trains can be shunted （铁路的）侧轨, 旁轨, 岔轨.
sidle
/ 5saIdl; `saIdl/ v [Ipr, Ip] ~ up/over (to sb/sth); ~ along, past, away, etc move (in the specified direction) furtively, or as if shy or nervous 悄悄（沿某方向）移动（或因羞怯或紧张所致）: sidling up to the bar 悄悄朝酒吧走去 * She sidled over to me and asked if I recognized her. 她羞怯地向我走来, 问我是否认识她. * He sidled past, trying to seem casual. 他悄悄地溜了过去, 竭力装作漫不经心的样子. =>Usage at prowl 用法见 prowl.
siege
/ si:dV; sidV/ n  1 (a) surrounding of a town, fortress, etc by armed forces in order to capture it or force it to surrender 围困; 围攻; 围城: a siege of 50 days 50 天的围困 * be in a state of/under siege 处於被围状态 * raise/lift (ie end) a siege 撤围 * By the time the siege ended, the citizens were nearly starving. 围城停止时, 市民已饿得濒於死亡. * [attrib 作定语] siege guns 攻城炮. (b) surrounding by police, etc of a building in which people are living or hiding （警方等对住有或藏有人的建筑物的）包围.  2 (idm 习语) lay siege to sth begin a siege of (a town, fortress, etc) 包围（城镇、 城堡等）.
sienna
/ sI5enE; sI`ZnE/ n [U] type of clay used as colouring matter 赭石（用作颜料）: burnt sienna, ie reddish-brown 赭石（赤褐色颜料） * raw sienna, ie brownish-yellow 生赭石（棕黄颜料）.
sierra
/ sI5erE; sI`ZrE/ n long range of mountains with steep slopes and a rugged outline (esp in Spain and Spanish America) 锯齿山脊（尤指在西班牙及西班牙语系的美洲国家的）.
siesta
/ sI5estE; sI`ZstE/ n rest or sleep taken in the early afternoon, esp in hot countries 午睡（尤指在气候炎热 国家的）; 午後小睡: have/take a siesta 睡午觉.
sieve
/ sIv; sIv/ n  1 utensil consisting of a wire mesh or gauze on a frame, used for separating solids or coarse matter (which do not pass through) from liquids or fine matter (which do pass through) 滤器; 漏杓; 筛子.  2 (idm 习语) have a memory/ mind like a sieve have a very bad memory; forget things easily 记性坏; 健忘.
sieve 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] put (sth) through a sieve 用漏杓或筛子滤（某物）: sieve the flour into a bowl 把面粉筛进盆里.
sift
/ sIft; sIft/ v  1 (a) [Tn] put (sth) through a sieve 筛（某物）: sift the flour, sugar, etc 筛面粉、 糖等. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) from sth; ~ sth out separate sth from sth by putting it through a sieve 筛分（某物）: sift (out) the lumps from the flour, the wheat from the chaff 把面粉中的面块筛出来、 把小麦的壳筛掉.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] shake or sprinkle (sth) through a sieve 筛下（某物）: sift flour (into the mixture) 把面粉筛进混合物里 * sift sugar onto a cake 把糖筛撒在糕饼上.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through) sth (fig 比喻) examine sth very carefully 详察, 细审（某事物）: sift through the piles of correspondence 仔细检查成堆的信件 * sift the evidence, data, etc 认真审查证据、 数据等.
sifter 
n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) small utensil like a sieve, used chiefly in cooking 小筛子（主要用作炊具）: a flour-sifter 面粉筛子.
sigh
/ saI; saI/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) take a long deep breath that can be heard, expressing sadness, tiredness, relief, etc 叹息; 叹气: She sighed as she lay back on the bed. 她在床上向後一躺, 长叹了一声. * He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal. 他美餐一顿之後, 满足地叹了口气.  2 [I] (of the wind) make a sound like sighing （指风）哀鸣.  3 [Tn] express or say (sth) with a sigh 叹息地表示; 叹息地说: `I wish I didn't have so much to do,' she sighed. ｀我但愿能没有这麽多事情做,＇她叹著气说.  4 (phr v) sigh for sth (fml 文) feel a deep longing for sth that is lost, far away, etc （对失去的、 遥远的事物的）思念, 热望: an exile who sighs for home 想念著家的流放者.
sigh 
n act or sound of sighing 叹息; 叹息声: breathe/utter/heave/give a sigh 发出一声叹息 * with a sigh of relief, sadness, pleasure, etc 带著欣慰、 悲痛、 愉快等的一声长吁.
sight
/ saIt; saIt/ n  1 [U] ability to see; vision 视力; 视觉: lose one's sight, ie become blind 失明 * have good, poor, etc sight, ie eyesight 视力好、 差等 * Some drugs can affect your sight. 有些药物能影响视力.  2 [U] ~ of sb/sth action of seeing sb/sth 看; 看见: Their first sight of land came after ten days at sea. 他们在海上十天之後首次看到陆地. * We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes. 我们看到他那怪模怪样的衣服都笑了起来. * (fml 文) When can we have sight of your new house? 我们什麽时候能够看看你的新房子?  3 [U] range within which sb can see or sth can be seen 视野; 视界: in/within/out of (sb's) sight, ie (of objects, etc) visible/invisible （指物体等）看得见[看不见] * The train is still in sight. 还能看得见那列火车. * The ship came into sight out of the fog. 那艘船驶出浓雾, 依稀可见. * The plane crashed out of our sight, ie where we could not see it. 飞机出事时那个地方我们看不见. * The house was out of sight behind a wall. 房子被墙遮住看不见了. * We are not yet out of sight of land, ie can still see it. 我们还能看到陆地. * You must keep out of sight, ie stay where you cannot be seen. 你要呆在别人看不见的地方. * Get out of my sight! 滚开! * (fig 比喻) The end of the project is almost in sight. 该计画完成之时已遥遥在望.  4 (a) [C] thing (to be) seen, or worth seeing, esp sth remarkable 情景; 景象; （尤指）奇观, 壮观: The flowers are a lovely sight in spring. 春天百花盛开十分美丽. * He saw some amazing sights at the zoo. 他在动物园里看到一些珍禽异兽. * A suffering animal is a distressing sight. 看到动物受痛苦是很难受的. (b) sights [pl] interesting buildings, places, features, etc of a place or district 某处或某地令人感兴趣的建筑物、 地方、 特徵; 名胜: Come and see the sights of London. 来看看伦敦的名胜.  5 a sight [sing] (infml 口) person or thing that looks ridiculous, untidy, etc 显得滑稽可笑、 不整洁等的人或物: What a sight you look in those old clothes! 你穿上那些旧衣服样子可真怪! * This kitchen is a sight. Clean it up at once! 这厨房太乱了. 马上整理一下吧!  6 [C usu pl 通常作复数] device that one looks through to aim a rifle, etc or to observe sth through a telescope, etc （步枪等的）瞄准器; 观测器: the sights of a gun 枪的瞄准器.  7 (idm 习语) at first glance/sight =>glance. at/on `sight as soon as sb/sth is seen 一见到某人[某事物]立即: play music at sight, ie when seen in printed form without previous study or practice 视奏（未经事先学习或练习, 见到乐谱即行演奏） * They were told to shoot looters on sight. 他们奉令见到打劫者立即射击. catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth =>catch1. hate, loathe, be sick of, etc the sight of sb/sth (infml 口) hate, etc sb/sth very much 不愿见到某人[某物]; 讨厌; 憎恶: I can't stand the sight of you any more. 我再也不愿见到你了. * She hates the sight of that old car. 她见到那辆旧汽车就讨厌. heave in sight =>heave. in the sight of sb/in sb's sight (fml 文) in sb's opinion; in sb's view 依某人的意见; 在某人看来: Do what is right in your own sight. 做你认为对的事. * All men are equal in the sight of God. 上帝对所有的人都一视同仁. keep sight of sb/sth; keep sb/sth in sight (a) remain where one can see sb/sth 看住某人[某物]; 监视: Follow that man and keep him in sight all the time. 要跟著那个人, 一直盯著他. (b) remain aware of sth 了解到某事: You must keep sight of one fact: your life is in danger. 有一件事你必须明白, 你有生命危险. know sb by sight =>know. lose sight of sb/sth =>lose. ,out of `sight, ,out of `mind (saying 谚) we tend to forget people or things that are absent or can no longer be seen 眼不见, 心不念. raise/lower one's `sights be more/less ambitious; expect more/less 提高[降低]要求: They had to lower their sights and buy a smaller house than they would have liked. 他们原来想买一所大房子, 後来不得不降低要求买一所较小的. set one's sights on sth decide to achieve sth 立意做成某事物: I've set my sights on winning the championship. 我下定决心要赢得冠军. a (damn, etc) sight better, etc (than...); a (damn, etc) sight too good, etc (infml 口) very much better, etc; far too good, etc 好得多; 非常好: My car goes a (darned) sight faster than yours. 我的汽车比你的快得多. * That child is a damn sight too cheeky. 这孩子脸皮太厚. a ,sight for sore `eyes (infml 口) person or thing that one is relieved or pleased to see 使人悬念而想见到的人或物; 喜欢见到的人或物: You're a sight for sore eyes  I thought you'd gone for good! 见到你真高兴--我还以为你一去不复返了呢! a sight of sth (infml 口) a great amount of sth 大量; 许多: It cost him a sight of money/trouble. 这花了他一大笔钱[这给他惹来很多麻烦]. sight un`seen without an opportunity for previous inspection 事前未得以检查: You should never buy a car sight unseen. 买汽车时, 事先未检查可千万不要买. take a `sight aim or observe using a sight1(6) or sights 用瞄准器瞄准; 用观测器观测: take a careful sight before firing 仔细瞄准再发射 * take a sight with a compass/quadrant 用罗盘[象限仪]观测.
sighted 
adj able to see; not blind 有视力的; 不盲的: the blind and partially sighted 盲人和有部分视力的人 * Those of us who are sighted don't understand the problems of the blind. 我们这些有视力的人不理解盲人的困难.
-sighted 
(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of eyesight 有某种视力的: short-/long-/far-sighted.
sight-read 
v [I, Tn] (be able to) play or sing (music) without previous study or practice （能）视奏或视唱（不经事先学习或练习）. 
sight-reading 
n [U].
sight-screen (also screen) 
n (in cricket) large movable white structure placed at either end of the playing area to help the batsmen see the ball （板球的）屏幕（为击球员看清球而设於球场两端可移动的白色屏幕）.
sightseeing 
n [U] visiting the sights (sight1 4b) of a place as a tourist 观光; 游览. 
sightseer 
n person who does this 观光客; 游人.
sight
/ saIt; saIt/ v [Tn]  1 manage to see (sb/sth), esp by coming near 看见（尤指因接近）: After three days at sea, we sighted land. 我们在海上航行三天後见到了陆地.  2 observe (a star, etc) by using sights (sight1 6) （用仪器）观测（星等）.
sighting 
n instance of sb/sth being seen 被看见的人或事物; 看见; 见到: several reported sightings of the escaped prisoner 据称有几次见到了那个逃犯 * the first sighting of a new star 一颗新星首次有人见到.
sightless
/ 5saItlIs; `saItlIs/ adj unable to see; blind 看不见的; 失明的: a sightless species of bat 一种无视觉的蝙蝠.
sign
/ saIn; saIn/ n   1 mark, symbol, etc used to represent sth 记号; 符号: mathematical signs, eg +, -, *, / 数学符号（如+、 -、 *、 /）.  2 board, notice, etc that directs sb towards sth, gives a warning, advertises a business, etc 牌子; 牌示; 招牌; 指示牌: traffic signs, eg for a speed limit, a bend in the road, etc 交通标志（如表示速度限制、 有弯路等） * a shop-sign, pub-sign, etc 商店招牌、 酒馆招牌 * Look out for a sign to the motorway. 留意通往高速公路的路标.  3 gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc （用手、 头等的）示意动作（用以传递信息、 命令等）: the sign of the cross, ie a movement made with the hand outlining a cross as a blessing, prayer, etc （用手）画十字（祝福、 祈祷等） * She gave us a sign to leave the room, eg by pointing to the door. 她示意我们离开房间（如以手指门）.  4 ~ (of sth) thing that shows that sb/sth is present or exists, or that sth may happen 痕迹; 迹象; 徵兆: signs of suffering on his face 他面部的痛苦表情 * some signs of improvement in her work 她工作有些改进的迹象 * There wasn't a sign of life in the place, ie It appeared deserted. 那儿没有生命的迹象. * She shows no sign of being interested. 她没有表示出有兴趣来. * There are some signs of sales increasing. 有迹象显示销售额在增长.  5 (also ,sign of the `zodiac) (symbol representing) any of the twelve divisions of the zodiac （黄道十二宫之一的）宫, 星座: What sign were you born under? 你是属什麽星座的?  6 (idm 习语) a ,sign of the `times (often derog 常作贬义) thing that shows the nature of a particular period 某时期的标志: The rising level of crime is a sign of the times. 犯罪率增高是这一时代的特徵.
sign language 
language, eg for deaf and dumb people, using gestures instead of words 手势语, 手语（如聋哑人用的）.
signpost 
n post at a road junction, etc with arms pointing to places along the roads, and often showing the distances to them 路标.  
signpost
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (a road) with signposts; indicate (a route or place) with signposts 为（路）设置路标; 用路标指示（路径或地方）: Is the road well signposted? 这条路的路标清楚吗? * Our village is so small it's not even signposted. 我们的村子很小, 连路标都没有.
sign
/ saIn; saIn/ v  1 [I, Tn] write (one's name) on (a document, etc), eg to show that one has written it, that it is genuine, or that one agrees with its contents 在（文件等）上签（名）; 签字: Sign (your name) here, please. 请在这儿签（你的名）字. * sign a letter, cheque, contract, etc 在信、 支票、 合同等上签字 * The painting isn't signed so we don't know who it's by. 这幅画没有签名, 不知道是谁画的.  2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Dpr.f, Dpr.w, Dpr.t, Dn.t] convey information or a request or an order by making a gesture 示意, 做手势（传达信息、 请求或命令）: sign to sb that it is time to go/where to go 示意某人该走了[去何处] * The policeman signed (for) them to stop. 警察示意让他们停住. * He signed me to be quiet. 他示意要我安静.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn] (esp sport 尤用於体育) ~ (for/with sb) be engaged or engage (sb), eg as a footballer, by signing a contract （签约）应聘或受雇, 雇用或聘请（某人）（如足球队员）: He signed for Arsenal yesterday. 他昨天跟阿塞纳尔队签了约. * Arsenal have just signed a new striker. 阿塞纳尔队刚雇用了一名新前锋.  4 (idm 习语) sign on the dotted `line (infml 口) sign a document, etc that legally binds one, eg to buy sth 签署文件等（如购买某物）: Just sign on the dotted line and the car is yours. 你只需签署这份文件, 这辆汽车就是你的了. sign sb's/one's own `death-warrant do sth that will result in one's death, defeat, etc 做出可能使自己致命或失败的事: By informing on the gang, he was signing his own death-warrant. 他告发了那帮歹徒, 自己的性命也就难保了.  5 (phr v) sign sth away give up (one's rights, property, etc) by signing a document, etc 签字放弃（权利、 财产等）: I'll never get married  it's like signing your life away! 我可不结婚--结婚就像签了卖身契一样! sign for sth sign a form, etc to show that one has received sth 签收某物: The postman asked me to sign for the parcel. 邮递员叫我签收包裹. sign (sb) in/out write one's/sb's name to show arrival or departure 签上名字以示到达或离去: You must sign guests in when they enter the club. 客人进入俱乐部你得为他们登记. * Soldiers sign out when they leave the barracks. 士兵离开营房得登记签字. sign off (a) stop work 结束工作: sign off early to go to the dentist 提前结束工作去看牙. (b) end a letter 结束一封信: She signed off with `Yours ever, Janet'. 她在信的结尾处写上了｀Yours ever, Janet＇. (c) end a broadcast in some way, eg by playing a short piece of music 结束广播（如放一小段音乐）: This is your resident DJ signing off for another week with our signature tune. 这是本台流行音乐唱片节目主持人, 现在播放信号曲来结束我们为您安排的这一星期的节目. sign on (Brit infml 口) register as an unemployed person 登记为失业的人. sign (sb) on/up (cause sb to) sign an agreement to work for sb, become a soldier, etc （使某人）签约受雇、 应徵: sign on for five years in the army 签约服兵役五年 * sign up more workers to boost production 再签约雇用工人以促进生产 * The club has signed up a new goalkeeper this season. 俱乐部这一季节已签约雇用一名新守门员. sign sth over (to sb) formally transfer the ownership of sth to sb by signing a document, etc 正式将所有权签字转让某人: She has signed her house over to her daughter. 她已签字把房子转让给女儿了. sign up (for sth) join a club, enrol on a course, etc 参加一俱乐部、 课程等: sign up for a secretarial course 注册参加秘书课程.
signal
/ 5sIgnEl; `sI^nl/ n  1 sign, gesture, sound, etc that conveys a message, command, etc （传递信息、 命令等的）信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号: a signal made with a red flag 用红旗打出的信号 * hand signals, ie made by the driver of a car, etc to show which way it will turn, etc 手势信号（司机指示转弯等的） * She flashed the torch as a signal. 她用手电筒发信号. * He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop. 他抬起手臂示意我们停下. * A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号.  2 any device or object placed to give people a warning, information, etc （给人警告、 信息等的）信号器或信号物: traffic signals, ie for cars, etc in the streets 交通信号 * The railway signal (ie light) was on red, so the train stopped. 铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了.  3 (a) any event or action that causes some general activity 触发某些普遍活动的事情或行动: The President's arrival was the signal for an outburst of cheering. 总统来到爆发一阵欢呼声. (b) anything indicating that sth exists or is likely to happen 表明某事物存在或可能发生的任何事物: Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed. 她昨天的讲话标志著她的观点已经转变. * Is this announcement the signal of better times ahead? 宣布的这件事是否预示往後日子越过越好了?  4 sequence of electronic impulses or radio waves transmitted or received （电子脉冲或无线电波的）信号: receive a signal from a satellite 接收到卫星信号 * an area with a poor/good TV signal 电视信号弱[强]的地区 * [attrib 作定语] signal strength 信号强度. 
signal 
v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dn.f, Dpr.f, Dn.w, Dpr.w, Dn.t, Dpr.t no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (to sb/sth) (for sth) make a signal or signals; send or express (sth) in this way; communicate with (sb) in this way 发信号; 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯: He seems to be signalling. 他似乎正在发送信号. * signal wildly with one's arms 奋力挥臂打信号 * signal a message (to sb) 用信号（向某人）传递消息 * (fig 比喻) signal one's discontent by refusing to vote 拒绝投票以示不满 * (fig 比喻) an event signalling a change in public opinion 说明公众舆论变化的事件 * signal that one is going to turn/which way one is going to turn 打信号示意要转弯[走哪条路] * signal (to) the commanding officer (that...) 向指挥官发信号（报告...） * signal to the regiment for the attack to begin 向团部发出开始进攻的信号 * signal (to) sb which way to go 示意某人走哪条路 * signal (to) the waiter to bring the menu 示意要服务员把菜单拿来. 
signaller (US signaler) 
/ 5sIgnElE(r);`sI^nElL/ n person who signals, esp a soldier specially trained for this purpose 信号员; （尤指）信号兵.
signal-box 
n (Brit) building beside a railway, from which railway signals are operated （铁路）信号所, 信号房.
signalman 
/ -mEn; -9mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/)  1 person who operates signals on a railway （铁路）信号员.  2 person who signals, esp in the army or navy 信号手, 信号兵（尤指陆军或海军的）.
signal
/ 5sIgnEl; `sI^nl/ adj [attrib 作定语] remarkably good or bad; outstanding （好或坏）显著的; 出色的: a signal victory, success, failure, etc 极大的胜利、 成功、 失败等.
signally 
/ -nElI; -nlI/ adv in a signal way 显著地; 出色地: You have signally failed to do what was expected of you. 希望你做的事你显然并没做.
signatory
/ 5sIgnEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `sI^nE9tRrI/ n ~ (to sth) person, country, etc that has signed an agreement 签约的人; 签约国: the signatories to the treaty 签约各方 * [attrib 作定语] the signatory powers 签约的各强国.
signature
/ 5sIgnEtFE(r); `sI^nEtFL/ n  1 (a) [C] person's name written by himself 签名; 签字; 署名: a document with two signatures on it 经两人签署的文件 * Her signature is almost illegible. 她的签字很难辨认. (b) [U] action of signing sth 签名; 签字; 签署: a contract ready for signature 准备签字的合同.  2 [C] section of a book made from one sheet of paper folded and cut 书帖（一整张平版纸摺叠切割而成的一沓, 为书芯的一部分）.
signature tune (also theme tune) 
usu brief tune used to introduce a particular broadcast or performer 信号曲, 开始曲（通常为短曲, 用於一广播前或演出者出场前）.
signet
/ 5sIgnIt; `sI^nIt/ n person's seal2(1a) used with or instead of a signature 图章; 私章.
signet ring 
finger-ring with a design engraved on it, formerly used as a seal 图章戒指（旧时用作图章）.
significance
/ sIg5nIfIkEns; sI^`nIfEkEns/ n [U]  1 meaning 意义; 意思: understand the significance of a remark 了解某句话的意义 * What is the significance of this symbol? 这个符号是什麽意思?  2 importance 重大意义; 重要性: a speech of great significance 有重大意义的讲话 * Few people realized the significance of the discovery. 很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性.
significant
/ sIg5nIfIkEnt; sI^`nIfEkEnt/ adj  1 (a) having a meaning, esp one that is immediately obvious 有意义的（尤指直接而明显的）: Their change of plan is strange but I don't think it's significant. 他们改变了计画十分奇怪, 我觉得没有什麽用意. (b) full of meaning 意味深长的: a significant remark, look, smile 意味深长的话语、 一瞥、 微笑.  2 important; considerable 重要的; 重大的; 可观的: a significant rise in profits 利润的巨大增长.
significantly 
adv  1 in a way that conveys a special meaning 意味深长地; 意义深远地: smile, nod, wink significantly 意味深长地微笑、 点点头、 眨眨眼 * Significantly, he did not deny that there might be an election. 颇有意义的是, 他没否认可能要进行选举.  2 to an important or considerable degree 重要地; 重大地; 可观地: Profits have risen significantly. 利润已大大提高了.
signification
/ 9sIgnIfI5keIFn; 9sI^nIfE`keFEn/ n (fml or linguistics 文或语言) meaning of a word, etc 词等的含义; 词义.
signify
/ 5sIgnIfaI; `sI^nE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn] be a sign of (sth); mean 表示（某事物）的意思; 意味: What do these marks signify? 这些符号表示什麽意思? * Do dark clouds signify rain? 有乌云是否显示要下雨?  2 [Tn, Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] make (sth) known; indicate 表明（某事物）; 表示: signify one's agreement/that one agrees by nodding 用点头表示同意 * She signified her approval with a smile. 她笑了笑表示赞成.  3 [I] (used esp in questions and negative sentences 尤用於疑问句与否定句) be of importance; matter 有重要性; 有关系: It doesn't signify, so you needn't worry about it. 这无所谓, 你不必担心.
Sikh
/ si:k; sik/ n member of a religion (Sikhism) that developed from Hinduism in the 16th century and is based on a belief in only one God 锡克教教徒（源於16世纪印度教的教徒, 相信只有一个神）.
silage
/ 5saIlIdV; `saIlIdV/ n [U] green fodder stored without drying, esp in a silo, to feed cattle in winter 青贮饲料（尤指贮藏在青贮塔内以备冬季饲牛的）.
silence
/ 5saIlEns; `saIlEns/ n  1 [U] condition of being quiet or silent; absence of sound 寂静; 无声: the silence of the night 夜的寂静 * A scream shattered the silence. 一声尖叫打破了寂静. * In the library silence reigned, ie it was totally silent. 图书馆内十分安静.  2 (a) [U] not speaking, answering sth spoken or written, making comments, etc; not mentioning sth or revealing a secret 沉默; 缄默; 默不作声: All my questions were met with silence from him. 我的所有问题他都拒不回答. * The teacher's stern look reduced him to silence. 教师神情严肃, 他便静了下来. * I can't understand her silence on this matter. 我不明白她为什麽对此事默不作声. * I assume that your silence implies consent, ie that by saying nothing you are showing that you do not disagree. 我想你沉默即表示同意. * After a year's silence (ie a year during which she didn't write), I got a letter from her. 她沉默了一年之後, 又给我来了一封信. * They tried to buy his silence, ie to pay him not to reveal a secret. 他们想收买他让他保持缄默（不泄露秘密）. (b) [C] period during which sb is silent 沉默的一段时间: a conversation with many silences 时断时续的交谈 * There was a brief silence, followed by uproar. 沉默片刻之後又喧嚣起来了.  3 (idm 习语) in silence without speaking or making a sound; silently 安静地; 无声地: listen to sb in silence 静静地听某人谈话 * The whole ceremony took place in complete silence. 举行仪式的全过程中寂静无声. a pregnant pause/silence =>pregnant. ,silence is `golden (saying 谚) it is often best not to say anything 沉默是上策.
silence 
v [Tn] cause (sb/sth) to be silent; cause to be quiet(er) 使（某人[某物]）沉默; 使安静: try to silence a noisy crowd, a crying baby 设法使喧闹的人群、 啼哭的婴儿静下来 * silence one's critics, eg by doing sth they cannot criticize 使挑剔的人无话可说 * silence the enemy's guns, eg by destroying them 把敌人的阵地摧毁 * This insult silenced him completely. 他受此侮辱後一言不发了.
silencer 
n (a) (Brit) (US muffler) device that reduces the noise made by a vehicle's exhaust （机动车的）消声器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. (b) device that reduces the noise made by a gun being fired （枪的）消声器. silence interj be quiet 安静; 别出声: `Silence!' shouted the teacher. ｀安静!＇教师喊道.
silent
/ 5saIlEnt; `saIlEnt/ adj  1 (a) making no or little sound; not accompanied by any sound 寂静的; 无声的: with silent footsteps 脚步轻轻地 * the smooth, silent running of the engine 发动机顺畅而静静的运转 * The children went out, and the room was silent. 孩子们出去了, 房间里十分安静. (b) not expressed aloud 不出声或小声表达的: a silent prayer, curse, etc 默默的祈祷、 诅咒等.  2 (a) not speaking; making no spoken or written comments 沉默的; 不发表意见的: He was silent for a moment, then began his answer. 他沉默了一会儿, 然後开始回答. * She was silent for months before I got a letter from her. 她沉默了几个月, 然後给我来了一封信. * On certain important details the report remains strangely silent. 这份报告在某些重要的细节问题上只字未提, 莫名其妙. (b) saying little 沉默寡言的: He is the strong, silent type. 他是个坚强而沉默的人.  3 (of a letter) written but not pronounced （指字母）不发音的: The `b' in `doubt' and the `w' in `wrong' are silent. doubt一字中的b字母与wrong一字中的w字母都不发音. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet.  4 (idm 习语) the ,silent ma`jority the people with moderate views who are unable or unwilling to express them publicly 沉默的多数（不能或不愿公开表达意见的中间群众）. 
silently 
adv.
silent film 
film without a sound-track, esp one made before the invention of sound-films 无声电影; 默片. `silent partner (US) = sleeping partner (sleep2).
silhouette
/ 9sIlu:5et; 9sIlJ`Zt/ n  1 (a) dark outline of sb/sth seen against a light background 黑色轮廓; 侧影: the silhouettes of the trees against the evening sky 夜空衬托出树木的轮廓. (b) picture showing sb/sth as a black shape against a light background 黑色轮廓像; 剪影.  2 (idm 习语) in silhouette as a silhouette 以黑色轮廓像或剪影形式: see sth in silhouette 看见某物的轮廓 * paint sb in silhouette 画出某人的黑色轮廓像.
silhouette 
v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sth) cause sth to be seen as a silhouette 使某物现出轮廓或呈黑色轮廓像: She stood in front of the window, silhouetted against the dawn sky. 她站在窗前, 晨空衬托出她的轮廓.
silica
/ 5sIlIkE; `sIlIkE/ n [U] compound of silicon occurring as quartz or flint, and in sandstone and other rocks 硅石; 二氧化硅.
silicate
/ 5sIlIkeIt; `sIlI9ket/ n [C, U] any of the insoluble compounds of silica 硅酸盐.
silicon
/ 5sIlIkEn; `sIlIkEn/ n [U] non-metallic chemical element found combined with oxygen in quartz, sandstone, etc 硅. =>App 10 见附录 10.
silicon chip 
microchip made of silicon, used to make an integrated circuit 硅片（用以制集成电路）.
silicone
/ 5sIlIkEUn; `sIlIkon/ n [U] any of the complex organic compounds of silicon, widely used in paints, varnish and lubricants 硅酮（复合有机化合物, 多用以制油漆、 清漆和润滑剂）.
silicosis
/ 9sIlI5kEUsIs; 9sIlI`kosIs/ n [U] disease caused by breathing in dust containing silica, eg in a coal-mine 硅肺, 石末沉著病（因吸入硅尘引起的疾病, 如在煤矿中）.
silk
/ sIlk; sIlk/ n  1 [U] fine soft thread produced by silkworms to make their cocoons, or by certain insects or spiders （蚕、 蜘蛛或昆虫吐出的）丝.  2 [U] thread or cloth made from this 丝线; 丝绸: dressed all in silk 全身穿著绫罗绸缎 * [attrib 作定语] a silk scarf, dress, etc 丝制的围巾、 连衣裙等.  3 silks [pl] (dated 旧) clothes made from silk 丝绸衣服: dressed in fine silks 穿著绫罗绸缎.  4 [C] (Brit infml 口) Queen's or King's Counsel, who wears a silk gown in court 御用律师.  5 (idm 习语) smooth as silk =>smooth1. take `silk become a Queen's or King's Counsel 任御用律师: After fifteen years as a barrister, she took silk. 她当了十五年的讼务律师之後, 担任了御用律师.
silk-screen printing 
method of printing by forcing ink through a stencil of finely-woven material 丝网印刷法. 
silkworm 
n caterpillar that spins silk to form a cocoon 蚕.
silken
/ 5sIlkEn; `sIlkEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (usu approv 通常作褒义) soft and smooth; shiny like silk 柔软光滑的; 像丝般有光泽的: a silken voice 柔和的嗓音 * silken hair 柔软光滑的头发.  2 (arch 古) made of silk 丝制的; 绸的: a silken gown 绸袍.
silky
/ 5sIlkI; `sIlkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu approv 通常作褒义) soft, fine, smooth, etc like silk 像丝一样柔软、 纤细、 光滑等的: silky hair, skin 柔软光滑的头发、 皮肤 * (fig 比喻) a silky manner, voice 温和的态度、 柔和的嗓音. 
silkiness 
n [U].
sill
/ sIl; sIl/ n piece of wood, or stone, etc forming the base of a window or a door 窗台; 门槛: a `window-sill 窗台 * a `door-sill 门槛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.
sillabub
= syllabub.
silly
/ 5sIlI; `sIlI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) not showing thought or understanding; foolish 愚昧的; 愚蠢的; 傻的: a silly little boy 傻小子 * Don't be silly! 别这麽傻! * silly mistakes 愚蠢的错误 * What a silly thing to say! 这话说得多蠢! (b) ridiculous in appearance, behaviour, etc （外貌、 行为等）可笑的, 荒唐的: made us play silly games 让我们做荒唐可笑的游戏.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of a fielder in cricket) standing close to the batsman （指板球中的外场员）靠近击球员的: silly mid-on 靠近击球员的外场员.  3 (idm 习语) laugh oneself sick/silly =>laugh . play `silly buggers (Brit sl 俚) behave in a foolish or irresponsible way 举止愚蠢或不负责任: Stop playing silly buggers and help me lift this. 别胡闹了, 快来帮我把这个抬起来. the `silly season time, usu in the summer, when newspapers are full of trivial stories because there is little news 新闻淡季（通常在夏季, 因报上缺少主要新闻而琐事充斥）. 
silliness 
n [U].
silly (also silly-billy) 
n (infml 口) (often used to or by children 常用以指儿童或儿童常用) silly person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: Of course I won't leave you alone, you silly! 当然我不会把你单独留下, 你这个小傻瓜!
silo
/ 5saIlEU; `saIlo/ n (pl ~s)  1 (a) tall tower or pit, usu on a farm, in which grass or other food for animals can be kept fresh 青贮塔, 青贮窖（贮藏新鲜饲料的建筑, 通常指农场上的）. (b) tower or pit for storing grain, cement or radioactive waste 用以贮藏谷物、 水泥或放射性废料的高塔或地窖.  2 underground place where missiles are kept ready for firing 导弹发射井.
silt
/ sIlt; sIlt/ n [U] sand, mud, etc carried by flowing water and left at the mouth of a river, in a harbour, etc （由流水带到河口、 港口等的）淤沙、 淤泥等.
silt 
v (phr v) silt (sth) up (cause sth to) become blocked with silt （使某物）为淤泥堵塞: The harbour has silted up. 这港口已被淤泥堵塞. * The sand has silted up the mouth of the river. 泥沙已把河口堵住了.
silty 
adj (-ier, -iest) covered with, full of or containing silt 为沙泥覆盖的; 充满或含有泥沙的: silty rocks 有泥沙覆盖的岩石 * silty soil 粉土质土壤.
silvan (also sylvan) 
/ 5sIlvEn; `sIlvEn/ adj (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (a) of the woods 森林的; 林木的: silvan glades 森林中的空地. (b) having woods; rural 有森林的; 乡村的.
silver
/ 5sIlvE(r); `sIlvL/ n  1 [U] chemical element, ashiny white precious metal used for ornaments, jewellery,coins, utensils, etc 银: solid silver 纯银 * [attrib 作定语] a silver mine 银矿. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 [U] coins made of silver or of an alloy looking like it 银币（银或似银合金铸成的硬币）: 20 in notes and 5 in silver 20镑纸币和5镑银币 * a handful of silver 一把银币 * Have you any silver on you? 你带著银币呢吗?  3 [U] (a) dishes, ornaments, etc made of silver 银器（银盘、 银首饰等）: have all one's silver stolen by burglars 所有的银器全被窃贼偷走 * sell the family silver to pay one's debts 卖掉祖传的银器还债. (b) cutlery made of any metal 任何金属制的餐具: We keep the silver in this sideboard. 我们把金属餐具放在这个餐具柜里.  4 (idm 习语) born with a silver spoon in one's mouth =>born. cross sb's palm with silver =>cross2. every cloud has a silver lining =>cloud1. the silver `screen a cinema screen or the cinema industry 银幕; 电影业: stars of the silver screen 影星. a ,silver `tongue way of speaking that charms or persuades people 口才; 雄辩: It was his silver tongue that got him the job.
silver 
v  1 [Tn] coat (sth) with silver or sth that looks like silver 在（某物）上镀银、 包银或似银的物质: metal silvered to make ornaments 用做饰物的镀银金属 * silver a mirror, ie coat glass to make it reflect things 制镜（在玻璃上涂似银物质而成）.  2 [I, Tn] (cause hair, etc to) become bright like silver （使毛发等）变成银白色: Her hair had silvered. 她的头发已变成银白色. * The years have silvered her hair. 随著岁月流逝她的头发已白了.
silver 
adj made of or looking like silver 银的; 像银的: a silver plate, dish, watch 银盘、 碟、 表 * a silver car, paint, thread 银色的汽车、 颜料、 线 * the silver moon 银色的月亮.
silvery 
/ 5sIlvErI; `sIlvErI/ adj  1 shiny or coloured like silver(1) 光亮的; 银色的: a silvery surface 有银色光泽的表面.  2 [attrib 作定语] (approv 褒) (of sounds) high-pitched and clear （指声音）清脆的: the silvery notes of the little bells 小铃铛的清脆响声.
silver birch 
common birch tree with a light grey bark 欧洲桦.
silver-fish 
n any of various types of small silver-coloured wingless insects feeding on scraps of food, bookbindings, etc 衣鱼, 蠹鱼（银色无翼昆虫, 蛀蚀书籍等）.
silver jubilee 
(celebration of a) 25th anniversary 25周年（纪念）. Cf 参看 diamond jubilee (diamond), golden jubilee (golden).
silver paper 
(infml 口) thin light foil of tin or aluminium, used esp for wrapping cigarettes, chocolates, etc 锡纸（尤指用以包装香烟、 巧克力等的）.
silver plate 
metal articles coated with silver 镀银或包银的金属器具.
silver-plated 
adj: silver-plated dishes 镀银的盘子.
silverside 
n [U] (Brit) outer side of the top of a leg of beef 牛腿肉上面的外侧部分.
silversmith 
n person who makes or sells silver articles 银匠; 银器商.
silver-tongued 
adj speaking in a way that charms or persuades people 有口才的; 雄辩的: a ,silver-tongued `lawyer 能言善辩的律师.
silverware 
n [U] articles made of silver 银器.
silver wedding 
25th anniversary of a wedding 银婚（结婚25周年纪念）. Cf 参看 diamond wedding (diamond), golden wedding (golden).
simian
/ 5sImIEn; `sImIEn/ adj, n (fml 文) (of or like a) monkey or ape 猴或猿（的）; 似猴或猿的: a simian appearance, posture, movement 像猴的外貌、 姿势、 动作.
similar
/ 5sImIlE(r); `sImElL/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) resembling sb/sth but not the same; alike 相似的; 类似的: We have similar tastes in music. 我们在音乐方面爱好相似. * Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金与黄铜的颜色相似. * The brothers look very similar. 他们兄弟看上去很相似.
similarly 
adv  1 in a similar way 相似地; 类似地: The two boys dress similarly. 两个小男孩穿得差不多一样.  2 also; likewise 也; 同样: She was late and I similarly was delayed. 她迟到了, 我也晚了.
similarity 
/ 9sImE5lArEtI; 9sImE`lArEtI/ n  1 [U] being similar; likeness 相似; 类似: points of similarity between the two men 这两人的相似之点.  2 [C] similar feature or aspect 相似之处; 相似之点: similarities in age and background 年龄与背景相似.
simile
/ 5sImIlI; `sImE9lI/ n [U, C] (use of) comparison of one thing with another, eg `as brave as a lion', `a face like a mask' 明喻; 明喻的运用（如: ｀勇猛如狮＇,｀像假面具一样的面孔＇）: use daring similes 使用破格的明喻 * Her style is rich in simile. 她的文体中用很多明喻. Cf 参看 metaphor.
similitude
/ sI5mIlItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; sE`mIlE9tud/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] being similar; similarity 相似; 类似.  2 [C] comparison; simile 比喻; 明喻: talk in similitudes 说话中用比喻.
simmer
/ 5sImE(r); `sImL/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) remain almost at boiling-point （使某物）保持在接近沸点; 煨; 炖: Let the soup simmer (for) a few minutes. 让汤再煮几分钟. * Simmer the stew for an hour. 用文火把菜炖一小时.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be filled with (anger, etc) which one can hardly control 充满难以控制的（怒火等）: She simmered for a minute or two, then began shouting uncontrollably. 她强忍了一两分钟, 然後情不自禁地大叫起来. * simmer with rage, annoyance, etc about sth 按捺著对某事物的怒气、 烦恼等.  3 [I] (of a quarrel, dispute, etc) continue for a time without any real anger or violence being shown （指争吵、 争辩等）处於即将爆发的状态: This row has been simmering for months. 这场争吵已憋了好几个月了.  4 (phr v) simmer down (infml 口) become calm after a period of anger, excitement, violence, etc 变冷静, 安静下来（在愤怒、 激动、 暴力行为等之後）: Simmer down, now, and stop shouting. 静下来吧, 别喊了. * Things have simmered down since the riots last week. 自上周骚动以来, 事态已平静下来了.
simmer 
n  1 [sing] process of simmering 煨; 炖: give the vegetables a five-minute simmer 把菜炖五分钟.  2 (idm 习语) keep sth at a/on the `simmer keep sth simmering 使某物保持在接近沸点: Keep the potatoes on the simmer for ten minutes. 把马铃薯炖十分钟.
simony
/ 5saImEnI; `saImEnI/ n [U] (formerly) the buying and selling of church appointments, holy relics, etc （旧时）买卖圣职、 圣物等.
simoom
/ sI5mu:m; sI`mum/ (also simoon / sI5mu:n; sI`mun/) n [sing] hot dry wind blowing in the Sahara and Arabian deserts carrying clouds of dust 西蒙风（撒哈拉及阿拉伯沙漠地区的乾热风沙）.
simper
/ 5sImpE(r); `sImpL/ v [I] smile in a foolish, affected way 傻笑; 假笑: a simpering waiter 面带假笑的侍应生.
simper 
n [sing] foolish, affected smile 傻笑; 假笑.
simperingly 
/ 5sImpErINlI; `sImpErINlI/ adv.
simple
/ 5sImpl; `sImpl/ adj (-r, -st)  1 easily done or understood; not causing difficulty 简单的; 简明的: a simple task, sum, problem 简单的工作、 算题、 问题 * written in simple English 用浅显的英文写出 * The machine is quite simple to use. 这机器使用很简便. * When speaking to young people, keep it simple, ie speak in a way they can understand. 对年轻人说话, 要简明易懂.  2 plain in form, design, etc; without much decoration or ornament 式样简朴的; 朴素的: simple food, furniture 简单的食物、 家具 * a simple style of architecture 简朴的建筑风格 * the simple life, ie a way of living without luxury, expensive entertainments, etc 简朴的生活 * I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 我喜欢穿朴素大方的衣服.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) not made up of many parts or elements 单纯的; 非复合的: a simple substance, mixture 单纯的物质、 混合物 * a simple tool, toy 简单的工具、 玩具 * a simple sentence, ie one without subordinate clauses 简单句. (b) not highly developed; basic in structure or function 未充分发展的; （在结构或功能方面）初级的: simple forms of life, like one-cell organisms 生命的原始形式, 如单细胞有机体 * a fairly simple system of classification 相当初步的分类系统.  4 (a) natural and straightforward; not sophisticated 自然的; 率直的; 天真的: behave in a simple, open way 行为直率 * as simple as a child 像儿童一样天真. (b) not having a high position in society; ordinary 社会地位不高的; 普通的; 卑微的: I'm just a simple soldier. 我只不过是普通士兵. * My father was a simple farm-worker.我父亲是个普通的农民.  5 (a) easily deceived; inexperienced; nave 易受欺的; 无经验的; 幼稚的: Are you simple enough to believe what that liar tells you? 你会蠢到相信那骗子说的话吗? * I'm not so simple as to think it will be easy. 我决不致於笨得以为那是容易的事. (b) (infml 口) not having normal intelligence 头脑简单的; 智能低下的: She doesn't understand you. She's a bit simple. 她不明白你的意思. 她有点笨.  6 [attrib 作定语] nothing more or other than 纯粹的; 纯然的: It's a simple fact. 这就是事实. * a simple unbiased account of events 对事情纯然无偏见的叙述 * Was it simple greed that made you steal it? 你偷这件东西是完全因为贪心作祟吗?  7 (idm 习语) pure and simple =>pure.
simple 
n (arch 古) herb used for treating illness, wounds, etc 草药.
simply 
/ 5sImplI; `sImplI/ adv  1 in an easy way 简单地; 简明地: solved quite simply 很简单就解决了 * Explain it as simply as you can. 尽可能简单地解释一下.  2 in a plain or unfussy way 朴素地; 朴实地: dress simply穿得朴素 * simply dressed 衣著朴素 * live simply 生活朴素.  3 completely; absolutely 完全地; 绝对地: His pronunciation is simply terrible. 他的发音实在糟透了. * I simply refuse to go! 我就是不去!  4 merely; only 仅; 只: I bought the house simply because it was large. 就是因为这所房子大我才买的. * Is success simply a matter of working hard? 是否只要勤奋就能成功?
simple fraction 
= vulgar fraction (vulgar).
simple interest 
interest paid on a capital sum only, not on the interest that is added to it 单利. Cf 参看 compound interest (compound1).
simple machine 
any simple instrument used as (part of) a machine, eg a wheel, lever, pulley 简单机械（如轮、 杠杆、 滑轮）.
simple-minded 
adj (often derog 常作贬义) showing very little intelligence 头脑简单的; 笨的: her more ,simple-minded supporters 她的那些头脑更加简单的支持者 * a simple-minded approach to the problem 处理该问题愚蠢的办法.
simpleton
/ 5sImpltEn; `sImpltEn/ n person who is foolish, easily deceived or not very intelligent 傻瓜; 笨蛋; 易受骗的人.
simplicity
/ sIm5plIsEtI; sIm`plIsEtI/ n [U]  1 being easy, plain or straightforward 简单; 朴素; 率直: the simplicity of the problem 该问题的简单性 * the simplicity of her style 她风格的朴实 * a character marked by franknessand simplicity 爽直的性格.  2 (idm 习语) be sim,plicity it`self be very easy 极为容易: Cleaning the light is simplicity itself; just wipe it with a damp cloth. 把灯弄乾净非常容易, 用湿布一擦就行了.
simplify
/ 5sImplIfaI; `sImplE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sth) easy to do or understand; make simple(1) 使（某事物）简单或简明; 简化: a simplified text, eg one for learners of the language 简易读本 * simplify the instructions so that children can understand them 简化指示便於儿童理解 * That will simplify my task. 那可简化我的工作.
simplification 
/ 9sImplIfI5keIFn; 9sImplEfE`keFEn/ n (a) [U] act or process of simplifying 简化. (b) [C] instance of simplifying; sth simplified 简化; 简化的事物: What she said was a useful simplification of the theory. 她把这一理论讲得深入浅出.
simplistic
/ sIm5plIstIk; sIm`plIstIk/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) making difficult problems, issues, ideas, etcseem much simpler than they really are; over-simplifying（使困难的问题、 事情、 意见等）显得过於简单的; 过分简单化的: a rather simplistic assessment of a complex situation 对一复杂局面过於简单化的看法.
simulacrum
/ 9sImjU5leIkrEm; 9sImjE`lekrEm/ n (pl -cra / -krE; -krE/) (fml 文) thing resembling or made to resemble sb/sth 模拟物; 假像; 幻影.
simulate
/ 5sImjUleIt; `sImjE9let/ v [Tn]  1 pretend to have or feel (esp an emotion) 假装有或感到（尤指情感）: simulate anger, joy, interest, etc 假装愤怒、 高兴、 有兴趣等 * her carefully simulated disappointment 她精心装出的失望.  2 reproduce (certain conditions) by means of a model, etc, eg for study or training purposes （用模型等）模拟（某环境）（如用於研究或训练）: simulate flight using a model plane in a wind tunnel 用模型飞机在风洞里模拟飞行 * The computer simulates conditions on the sea bed. 这个计算机能模拟海底环境.  3 take on the appearance of (sth/sb) 模仿, 伪装（某物[某人]）: insects that simulate dead leaves 伪装成枯叶的昆虫 * change colour to simulate the background 改变颜色以模仿得与背景一致.
simulated 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] made to look, sound, etc like (sth) 模仿的; 假的: simulated fur, jewels, etc 人造毛皮、 珠宝等.
simulation 
/ 9sImjU5leIFn; 9sImjE`leFEn/ n  1 [U] action of simulating 假装; 伪装; 模拟; 模仿: the simulation of genuine concern 装出真正关心的样子 * the simulation of flight conditions 飞行环境模拟.  2 [C] operation in which a real situation, etc is represented in another form 模拟操作: a computer simulation of the nuclear reaction 对核反应的计算机模拟.
simulator 
n any device designed to simulate certain conditions, eg flight, weightlessness, etc （模拟某环境的）模拟装置（如模拟飞行、 失重等）.
simultaneous
/ 9sIml5teInIEs; ?@ 9saIm-; 9saIml`tenIEs/adj ~ (with sth) happening or done at the same time (as sth) 同时的; 同时发生的; 同时做出的: simultaneous demonstrations in London and New York 在伦敦与纽约同时举行的示威游行 * The explosion was timed to be simultaneous with the plane's take-off. 把爆炸的时间定在正是飞机起飞的时刻. 
simul-taneously 
adv. 
simultaneousness, simul-taneity 
/ 9sImltE5ni:EtI; ?@ 9saIm-; 9saImltE`niEtI/ ns [U].
sin
/ sIn; sIn/ n  1 (a) [U] the breaking of a religious or moral law 违背宗教或道德原则的恶行: a life of sin 不道德的生活. (b) [C] offence against such a law （宗教或道德上的）罪, 罪恶, 罪孽: commit a sin 犯有罪恶 * confess one's sins to a priest 向神父认罪忏悔 * the sin of gluttony 贪食罪.  2 [C] action regarded as a serious fault or offence 严重过失: Being late is an unforgivable sin round here. 迟到在这儿是一种不可原谅的过错. * (joc 谑) It's a sin to stay indoors on such a fine day. 这样好的天气呆在家里实在是罪过.  3 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins =>multitude. the deadly sins =>deadly. live in sin =>live2. (as) miserable/ugly as `sin (infml 口) very miserable/ugly 非常凄惨[丑陋].
sin 
v (-nn-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sth) commit a sin or sins; do wrong 犯有罪恶; 犯过错: It's human to sin. 犯过错是人之常情. * (fig 比喻) They sinned against the unwritten rules of the school. 他们违反了学校的不成文规定.
sinful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语) wrong; wicked 有过错的; 有过失的; 邪恶的: Man is sinful. 是人就有过错. * sinful deeds 邪恶的行为 * (infml 口) a sinful waste of good wine 浪费好酒的罪过. 
sinfully 
/ -fElI;-fElI/ adv. sinfulness n [U]. sinless adj (fml 文) never sinning; innocent 无罪过的; 无辜的; 清白的. 
sinlessness 
n [U].
sinner 
/ 5sInE(r); `sInL/ n: saints and sinners 圣人和有罪过的人.
sin
abbr 缩写 = (mathematics 数) sine. Cf 参看 cosabbr 缩写.
since
/ sIns; sIns/ prep (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from (a specified time in the past) till a later past time, or till now 从（过去某时间）以来、 以後或到现在: I haven't eaten since breakfast. 我吃了早饭後到现在还什麽都没吃呢. * She's been working in a bank since leaving school. 她中学毕业後就一直在一家银行工作. * He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来, 他只跟她说过一次话.
since 
conj  1 (used with the present perfect, past perfect or simple present tense in the main clause 与主句中的现在完成时态、 过去完成时态或一般现在时态连用) from (a specified event in the past) till a later past event, or till now 从（过去某事）以来、 以後或到现在: Where have you been since I last saw you? 自从我上次见到你以後, 你到哪儿去了? * It was the first time I'd won since I'd learnt to play chess. 自从我学会下国际象棋以来, 这是我第一次赢. * How long is it since we visited your mother? 自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了?  2 because; as 因为; 既然; 由於: Since we've no money we can't buy a new car. 因为我们没钱, 没法买新汽车.  3 (idm 习语) ever since =>ever. since adv (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from a specified time in the past till a later past time, or till now 从过去某时间以来、 以後或到现在: He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他两星期以前离开了家, 到现在我们一直没有他的消息. * She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦, 此後一直在报社工作.
sincere
/ sIn5sIE(r); sIn`sIr/ adj  1 (of feelings or behaviour) not pretended; genuine （指感情或行为）真实的, 诚挚的: sincere friendship, affection, dislike, disagreement, etc 诚挚的友谊、 真诚的爱、 真正的厌恶、 实质的分歧 * It is my sincere belief that... 我确信... * His was a sincere offer of help. 他真心实意愿意协助.  2 (of people) only saying things one really means or believes; straightforward （指人）诚实的, 直率的: a sincere Christian 虔诚的基督教徒 * She wasn't entirely sincere when she said she liked me. 她说她喜欢我, 这话有些言不由衷.
sincerely 
adv: thank sb sincerely 真诚地感谢某人 * yours sincerely 谨启（用於信件署名前）. =>Usage at your 用法见 your.
sincerity 
/ sIn5serEtI; sIn`sZrEtI/ n [U] quality of being sincere; honesty 真诚; 诚挚; 诚实: the warmth and sincerity of his welcome 他热情而真诚的欢迎.
sine
/ saIn; saIn/ n (abbr 缩写 sin) (mathematics 数) (in a right-angled triangle) the ratio of the length of the side opposite one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse 正弦. Cf 参看 cosine, tangent 2.
sine die
/ 9saInI 5daIi:, 9sInI 5di:eI; `saInI`daIi/ (fml esp law 文, 尤用於法律) without a date being fixed; indefinitely 无确定日期地; 无限期地: adjourn a meeting sine die 无限期休会.
sine qua non
/ 9sIneI kwB: 5nEUn; `sInI kwB `non/ (fml 文) essential condition; thing that is absolutely necessary 必要条件; 必不可少的事物: Patience is a sine qua non for a good teacher. 做个优秀教师必不可少的条件是要有耐心.
sinecure
/ 5saInIkjUE(r), 5sIn-; `saInI9kjJr, `sIn-/ n position that requires no work or responsibility, but gives the holder prestige or money 无工作或责任而领乾薪的职位; 挂名职位.
sinew
/ 5sInju:; `sInju/ n  1 [C, U] tough cord of tissue joining a muscle to a bone; tendon 腱; 肌腱.  2 sinews [pl] (a) muscles 肌肉: The athletes waited, with all their sinews tensed. 运动员都在等待著, 全身肌肉十分紧张. (b) (fml fig 文, 比喻) source of strength or energy 力量或能量的来源: A country's sinews are its roads and railways. 公路和铁路是国家的命脉.
sinewy 
adj  1 having strong sinews; tough; muscular 肌肉发达的; 坚韧的; 强壮的: sinewy arms, legs, etc 粗壮的手臂、 腿等.  2 (fig 比喻) having or showing strength or vigour 强劲的; 有力的: her sinewy prose style 她那强劲有力的散文风格.
sing
/ sIN; sIN/ v (pt sang / sAN; sAN/, pp sung / sQN; sQN/)1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (for/to sb) make musical sounds with the voice; utter (words or notes) with a tune 唱; 歌唱; 唱（歌）: She sings well. 她很会唱歌. * You're not singing in tune. 你唱走调了. * Birds sang/were singing away happily outside. 小鸟在外面愉快地唱个不停. * He sang to a piano accompaniment. 他演唱由钢琴伴奏. * She was singing a lullaby to her child. 她在给孩子唱摇篮曲. * He sang the baby to sleep. 他唱著歌哄孩子入睡. * Will you sing me a song? 你给我唱支歌好吗? * They sang a song for me. 他们给我唱了支歌.  2 [I, Ip] make a humming, buzzing or whistling sound 发出哼哼声、 嗡嗡声或口哨声: The kettle was singing (away) on the cooker. 水壶在炉子上发出呜呜声. * The explosion made my ears sing, ie made me hear a singing sound. 那爆炸声震得我耳朵嗡嗡作响.  3 [I] (sl 俚 esp US) become an informer 告密: She'll sing if we put the pressure on. 我们给她些压力她就会讲出来.  4 (idm 习语) sing a different `song/`tune change one's opinion about or attitude towards sb/sth 改变对某人[某事物]的看法或态度: You say you don't believe in marriage, but I bet you sing a different song when you finally fall in love. 你说你认为结婚是无谓的, 但我肯定你最终爱上一个人的时候你就不这麽说了. sing sb's/sth's `praises praise sb/sth greatly 盛赞某人[某事物]: The critics are singing the praises of her new book. 评论家高度赞扬她的新书.
singe
/ sIndV; sIndV/ v (pres p singeing)  1 (a) [Tn] blacken (sth) by burning; scorch 烧焦或烫焦（某物）: The iron's too hot, you'll singe the dress. 熨斗太热了, 你会把衣服烫焦的. (b) [I] be blackened or scorched in this way 被烧焦或被烫焦: The rug singed because it was too near the fire. 地毯太靠近壁炉已烤焦了.  2 [Tn] burn off the tips or ends of (hair, feathers, etc) 烧掉（毛发、 羽毛等）的梢或根.
singe 
n slight burn or scorch on cloth, etc （布等的）轻微烧焦或烫焦.
single
/ 5sINgl; `sIN^l/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) one only; not in a pair, group, etc 单一的; 单个的; 仅有一个的: a single apple hanging from the tree 树上仅挂著一个苹果 * a single layer of paint 单层颜料 * one double and one single sink-unit 一套双的和一套单的洗涤槽组合台. (b) considered on its own; separate 唯一的; 单独的: the single most important event in the history of the world 世界史上唯一最重要的事件 * She removed every single thing from the box. 她把箱子里的东西一件不剩地全拿了出来.  2 not married 未婚的; 独身的: single men and women 未婚男女 * remain single 一直单身 * the single stater sins; do wrong 犯有罪恶; 犯过错: It's human to sin. 犯过错是人之常情. * (fig 比喻) They sinned against the unwritten rules of the school. 他们违反了学校的不成文规定.
sinner 
/ 5sInE(r); `sInL/ n: saints and sinners 圣人和有罪过的人.
singlet
/ 5sINglIt; `sIN^lIt/ n (Brit) (a) man's sleeveless garment worn under or instead of a shirt; vest 男用无袖汗衫; 背心. (b) such a garment worn by runners, athletes, etc 无袖运动衫.
singsong
/ 5sINsCN; `sIN9sRN/ adj (of a voice or way of speaking) having a rising and falling rhythm （指嗓音或说话方式）有起伏节奏的: in a singsong voice, accent, manner 语调、 声调、 腔调有起伏节奏的.
singsong 
n  1 [sing] singsong manner of speaking 有起伏节奏的说话方式: the tedious singsong of the preacher's voice 传教士单调乏味的起伏语调 * speak in a singsong 用有起伏节奏的声音说.  2 [C] (infml 口) informal occasion when a group of people sing songs together 即兴歌唱会: a singsong round the camp-fire 围著营火的即兴歌唱会.
singular
/ 5sINgjUlE(r); `sIN^jElL/ adj  1 (grammar) of the form used when speaking about one person or thing 单数的: a singular verb, noun, ending 单数动词、 名词、 词尾. Cf 参看 plural.  2 (fml 文) (a) (dated 旧) unusual; strange 异常的; 奇怪的: a singular occurrence, event, circumstance, etc 异常的现象、 事件、 情况等. (b) outstanding; remarkable 突出的; 非凡的: a person of singular courage and honesty 极为勇敢和诚实的人.
singular 
n (grammar) (word in a) singular form 单数形式（的词）: What is the singular of `children'? children 的单数形式是怎样的? * What is the ending in the singular? 这个词的单数词尾是怎样的?
singularity 
/ 9sINgjU5lArEtI; 9sIN^jE`lArEtI/ n [U] (fml 文) strangeness 奇怪: the singularity of the event 这件事的奇异之处.
singularly 
adv (fml 文)  1 (dated 旧) unusually; strangely 异常地; 奇怪的: rather singularly attired 穿著很奇怪.  2 very; remarkably 非常; 非凡地: a singularly gifted pianist 非凡的天才钢琴家.
sinister
/ 5sInIstE(r); `sInIstL/ adj  1 suggesting evil, or that sth bad may happen 邪恶的; 险恶的; 不吉祥的; 凶兆的: a sinister motive, action, place 邪恶的动机、 险恶的行动、 不祥之处.  2 suggesting an evil nature 凶恶的; 阴险的: a sinister face 凶恶的脸 * sinister looks 阴险的神情.
sink
/ sINk; sINk/ v (pt sank / sANk; sANk/, pp sunk / sQNk; sQNk/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] go down under the surface of a liquid or soft substance 下沉; 沉没: Wood does not sink in water, it floats. 木头在水中不沉, 而是漂在水面. * The ship sank (to the bottom of the ocean). 船沉（到海底）了. * My feet sank (down) into the mud. 我的脚陷进了泥里. * It fell onto the wet sand, then sank (in). 那个东西掉在潮湿的沙子上, 然後沉了下去.  2 [Tn] (a) cause (a ship, etc) to go to the bottom of the sea 使（船等）沉到海底: a carrier sunk by a torpedo 被鱼雷击沉的航空母舰 * They sank the barge by making a hole in the bottom. 他们在驳船底部打个洞把它弄沉了. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) prevent (sb or sb's plans) from succeeding; ruin 阻止或搞垮（某人或某人的计画）; 毁灭: The press want to sink his bid for the Presidency. 新闻界想搞垮他参选总统职位的计画. * We'll be sunk if the car breaks down. 要是汽车坏了, 我们就糟了.  3 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] become lower; fall slowly downwards 变低; 缓慢下陷或倒下: The foundations sank (two feet) after the flood. 洪水退後地基下陷了（两英尺）. * The earthquake made the wall sink and start to crumble. 这次地震把这堵墙震得下陷并开始崩塌. * The soldier sank to the ground badly wounded. 那士兵受了重伤, 倒在地上. * I sank (down) into an armchair. 我一下子坐在单座沙发上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to be lower; move (sth) downwards 使（某物）变低; 将（某物）下降: sink the cable into position on the sea bed 把电缆沉到海底的位置 * (fig 比喻) sink one's voice to a whisper 把自己的声音减小变成耳语.  4 (a) [I, Ipr] (of the sun) go down below the horizon （指太阳）落下: the sun sinking in the west 西下的太阳 * The sun sank slowly behind the hills. 太阳慢慢落山了. (b) [I, Ipr] lose value, strength, etc gradually; decline 逐渐贬值、 变弱等; 衰退: Stocks and shares are sinking. 股票正在逐渐贬值. * The value of our currency has sunk to almost nothing. 我们货币已经毛得简直分文不值了. * He is sinking fast, ie will soon die. 他快死了. * (fig 比喻) sink in the estimation of one's friends 在朋友中人缘越来越差 * (fig 比喻) His voice sank to a whisper. 他的声音逐渐小得成了耳语.  5 (a) place (sth) in a hole made by digging 将（某物）置於掘的洞中: sink two posts (into the ground) here 把两根杆子埋到这里（的地上）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sth) by digging 掘, 挖, 凿（某物）: sink a well, shaft, etc 掘井、 矿井等 * sink a tunnel into the side of the mountain 在山腰挖隧道.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] send (a ball) into a pocket or hole (in billiards, golf, etc) 将（球）击入袋中或洞中（台球、 高尔夫球等）: sink the red (into the top pocket) 把红球打入顶头的袋中.  7 [Tn] (infml 口) drink (esp a large amount of alcohol) 喝（尤指大量的酒）: They sank a bottle of gin between them. 他们俩喝了一瓶杜松子酒.  8 (idm 习语) be sunk in sth be in such a state of (esp despair or deep thought) 陷入或堕入（某状态）（尤指绝望或沉思）: She just sat there, sunk in depression. 她就坐在那里, 情绪十分低落. one's heart sinks =>heart. sink one's `differences agree to forget what one disagrees about 同意放弃不同意见: We must sink our differences and save the firm. 我们必须消除分歧以挽救公司. a/that `sinking feeling (infml 口) feeling that sth bad is about to happen 感到要出事: When they didn't get back by midnight, I got that sinking feeling. 他们到半夜时还没回来, 我感到心神不定. sink like a `stone sink straight down immediately 急速下降或下落. ,sink or `swim (saying 谚) (used of a situation where one will either fail totally or survive by one's own efforts 用以指或完全失败或自力更生的情况): The refugees had lost their homes and their possessions, and it was now (a case of) sink or swim. 这些难民失去了家园和财产, 若不自救别无生路.  9 (phr v) sink in/sink into sth (a) (of liquids) go down into another substance; be absorbed （指液体）渗入（某一物质）, 被吸收: Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in. 把这种软膏搽在皮肤上, 让它渗进去. * The rain sank into the dry ground. 雨水渗入乾燥的土地. (b) (of words, etc) be fully understood （指话语等）完全理解: The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in. 这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了. * My warning obviously hasn't sunk into your thick skull. 我对你的警告, 你显然全不理解. sink into sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) go into (a less active or happy state) 陷入（消极、 不活跃或不愉快的状态）: sink into sleep, a coma, etc 入睡、 陷入昏迷 * Don't let yourself sink into despair. 别让自己陷入绝望的境地. sink sth into sth (a) make sth go into sth 使某物进入另一物中: sink one's teeth into a bun, ie bite it 咬面包 * sink a knife into butter 把刀插进黄油里. (b) invest (money) in a business, etc 将（钱）投资到某生意等中: They sank all their profits into (ie used them to buy) property. 他们用全部赢利购买了房地产.
sinking fund 
money put aside by a government or company, etc to be used to repay a debt gradually （政府、 公司等准备的）偿债基金.
sink
/ sINk; sINk/ n  1 fixed basin, usu of steel, porcelain, etc, with a water supply and a drain for waste water to flow away, used for washing dishes, cleaning vegetables, etc 洗涤槽（通常由钢、 瓷等制成, 配有水源和排水管, 用於洗涤碗碟、 蔬菜等）: [attrib 作定语] a sink unit, ie a sink with drawers and cupboards underneath 洗涤槽组合台（洗涤槽下面有抽屉和柜橱）.  2 (US) wash-basin 洗脸盆.  3 cesspool 污水坑.  4 (idm 习语) everything but the kitchen sink =>kitchen.
sinker
/ 5sINkE(r); `sINkL/ n  1 weight attached to a fishing-line or net to keep it under water （钓丝或鱼网上的）铅坠.  2 (idm 习语) hook, line and sinker =>hook1.
Sino- (also sino-) 
comb form 构词成分 Chinese; of China 中国的: sinology * Sino-Japanese.
sinology
/ saI5nClEdVI; saI`nBlEdVI/ n [U] knowledge or study of China and its language and culture 汉学.
sinologist 
/ -dVIst; -dVIst/ n expert in sinology 汉学家.
sinuous
/ 5sInjUEs; `sInjJEs/ adj having many curves and twists; winding 弯曲的; 蜿蜒的: the sinuous movements of the dancer 舞蹈演员柔美的动作 * the river's sinuous course 那条河的蜿蜒的河道.
sinuosity 
/ 9sInjU5CsEtI; 9sInjJ`BsEtI/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] quality of being sinuous 弯曲; 蜿蜒.  2 [C] curve or twist 弯曲处; 曲折.
sinus
/ 5saInEs; `saInEs/ n cavity in a bone, esp any of the air-filled spaces in the skull that are connected to the nostrils 窦（骨骼中的空穴, 尤指颅骨中的）.
sinusitis 
/ 9saInE5saItIs; 9saInE`saItIs/ n [U] inflammation of a sinus membrane 窦炎.
-sion
=>-ion.
sip
/ sIp; sIp/ v (-pp-) [I, Tn] drink (sth), taking very small quantities each time 小口喝; 抿: drink one's tea, sipping noisily 喝茶时小口抿出声 * sip one's coffee 一小口一小口地喝咖啡.
sip 
n act of sipping; amount sipped 小口喝; 抿; 一小口的量: a few sips of brandy 抿了几口白兰地.
siphon
/ 5saIfn; `saIfEn/ n  1 pipe, tube, etc in the form of an upside-down U, used for making a liquid flow, eg from one container to another, using atmospheric pressure 虹吸管.  2 (also soda siphon) bottle from which soda-water can be forced out by the pressure of gas in the bottle 虹吸瓶.  3 sucking-tube of some insects and animals （某些昆虫和其他动物的）管形口器或吸管.
siphon 
v (phr v) siphon sth into/out of sth; siphon sth off/out draw (a liquid) from one place to another using a siphon 用虹吸管将（液体）抽出: siphon petrol out of a car into a can 把汽车里的汽油用虹吸管抽进罐里 * siphon off all the waste liquid 把全部废液用虹吸管抽掉. siphon sb/sth off (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) transfer sb/sth from one place to another, often unfairly or illegally 将某人[某物]由一处抽调到另一处（通常指不公正地或非法地）: The big clubs siphon off all the best players. 大俱乐部把所有最佳选手都抽调走了. * She siphoned off profits from the business into her account. 她把企业的赢利转到了自己的帐户上.
sir
/ s\:(r); s[/ n  1 (a) (used as a polite way of addressing a man 对男子的礼貌称呼): Yes, sir. 是的, 先生. * Are you ready to order, sir? 先生, 要点什麽? * Sir, it is my duty to inform you that... 先生, 我必须通知您.... (b) (used as a form of address by schoolchildren to a male teacher 中小学生对男教师的称呼). Cf 参看 miss2 2.  2 Sir (used at the beginning of a formal letter 用於正式信件的开头): Dear Sir/Sirs 敬启者.  3 Sir/sE(r); sL/ (title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 冠於爵士或准男爵的名字之前或名字与姓之前, 但不可只用於姓之前): Sir `Edward 爱德华爵士 * Sir ,John `Jackson 约翰·杰克逊爵士.  4 (idm 习语) ,no `sir! (US infml 口) certainly not 绝不: I never smoke, no sir! 我从来不吸烟, 绝对不吸!
sire
/ 5saIE(r); saIr/ n male parent of an animal 雄性种兽: the sire of many successful racehorses 繁殖了多匹比赛得奖马的雄性种马.
sire 
v [Tn] be the sire of (an animal) （雄性种兽）繁殖（幼兽）: a filly sired by a famous racehorse 一著名雄性赛马的牝驹.
siren
/ 5saIErEn; `saIrEn/ n  1 device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning 汽笛; 警报器: an air-raid siren 空袭警报器 * a police siren 警察用的警报器 * an ambulance/a fire-engine racing along with its sirens wailing 响著警报器急驰而过的救护车[消防车].  2 (in Greek mythology) one of a number of winged women whose songs lured sailors to their destruction （希腊神话中的）塞壬（半鸟半女人的怪物, 常用美妙的歌声引诱航海者触礁毁灭）.  3 woman regarded as fascinating and dangerous 妖艳而危险的女人.
sirloin
/ 5s\:lRIn; `s[lRIn/ n [U, C] best part of a loin of beef 牛腰上部的肉: a slice of sirloin 一块牛腰肉 * a top-quality sirloin 上好的牛腰肉.
sirocco
/ sI5rCkEU; sE`rBko/ n (pl ~s) hot moist wind reaching Italy from Africa （由非洲吹到意大利的）潮湿热风.
sirup
(US) =>syrup.
sisal
/ 5saIsl; `saIsl/ n  1 [U] rope-fibre made from the leaves of a tropical plant 西沙尔麻, 剑麻（由热带植物叶制成的纤维, 可制绳）: [attrib 作定语] sisal grass, fibre, rope, etc 西沙尔草、 纤维、 绳等.  2 [C] the plant itself 做西沙尔麻的植物.
sissy (also cissy) 
/ 5sIsI; `sIsI/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) effeminate or cowardly boy or man 柔弱或怯懦的男子; 女人腔的男子: You daren't jump down, you sissy! 你不敢往下跳, 你不是男子汉! * [attrib 作定语] sissy games, behaviour 女孩儿的游戏、 举止.
sister
/ 5sIstE(r); `sIstL/ n  1 daughter of the same parents as oneself or another person 姐; 妹: my, your, his, etc big sister 我的、 你的、 他的...姐姐 * She has been like a sister to me, ie has behaved as a sister does. 她一向待我亲如姐妹.  2 (used esp by feminist women 尤为提倡女权主义的女性使用) fellow woman 姐妹: They supported their sisters in the dispute. 她们在辩论中支持她们的姐妹.  3 (US infml 口) (used to address a woman 用以称呼女子): Come on, sister, hurry along! 好了, 大姐, 快点!  4 (Brit) senior hospital nurse 护士长.  5 Sister member of certain female religious orders; nun 修女: the Little Sisters of the Poor 贫民救济修女会.  6 [attrib 作定语] (eg of a ship or an organization) of the same design or type （例如指船或团体）同样类型的: After the disaster, tests were carried out on the tanker's sister vessels. 那艘油轮遇难後, 对同类型的油轮都进行了检验. * our sister college in Cambridge 我们剑桥大学的姐妹学院.
sisterhood 
n  1 [U] relationship of sisters (1,2) (esp as claimed by feminist women) 姐妹关系（尤为女权主义者使用）.  2 [Gp] society of women with shared interests or aims, esp a religious society 女性社团（尤指宗教社团）.
sisterly 
adj of or like a sister （似）姐妹的: sisterly love 姐妹般的爱 * a sisterly kiss 姐妹般的亲吻.
sister-in-law 
n (pl ~s-in-law) sister of one's wife or husband; wife of one's brother 妻或夫的姐或妹（姑子; 姨子）; 兄或弟的妻子（嫂子; 弟媳）.
sit
/ sIt; sIt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp sat / sAt; sAt/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] be in a position in which the body is upright and resting on the buttocks, either on a seat or on the ground 坐; 就座: Never stand when you can sit. 能坐著就别站著. * Are you sitting comfortably? 你坐得舒服吗? * sit on a chair, on the floor, in an armchair, etc 坐在椅子上、 地板上、 单座沙发上等 * sit at (a) table to eat 坐在桌旁吃饭 * sit on a horse 骑在马上. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (down); ~ oneself down (cause sb to) take up such a position; place (sb) in a sitting position （使某人）坐, 就座; 将（某人）安置成坐著的姿势: She sat (down) on the chair and took her shoes off. 她坐在椅子上, 把鞋脱了. * He lifted the child and sat (ie seated) her on the wall. 他把小孩举起来, 让她坐在墙上. * Sit yourself down and tell us what happened. 你坐下, 告诉我们怎麽回事. * (fig 比喻) We must sit down together and settle our differences. 我们得坐下来解决分歧.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) pose for a portrait 坐著供人画像或拍照: I sat every day for a week until the painting was finished. 我每天那样坐著, 一个星期才把我画好. * sit for a famous painter 坐著供一位名画家画像.  3 [I] (of a parliament, lawcourt, committee, etc) hold a meeting （指国会、 法庭、 委员会等）开会, 开庭: The House of Commons was still sitting at 3 am. 下议院凌晨三时仍在开会.  4 [I, Ipr] (a) (of birds) perch （指鸟）栖: a sparrow sitting on a branch 栖在树枝上的麻雀. (b) (of certain animals, esp dogs) rest with the hind legs bent and the rear end on the ground （指某些动物, 尤指狗）坐: `Sit!' she told the dog. ｀坐下!＇她对狗说.  5 [I] (of birds) stay on the nest to hatch eggs （指禽）孵卵: The hen sits for most of the day. 这只母鸡整天大部分时间都在抱窝.  6 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (usu followed by an adv 通常後接副词) (of clothes) fit the body well （指衣服）合身: a dress that sits well, loosely, etc on sb 某人穿著合身、 宽松等的连衣裙 * The coat sits badly across the shoulders. 这件大衣肩部不合适. * (fig 比喻) His new-found prosperity sits well on him, ie suits him well. 他别开蹊径十分称心如意.  7 [Ipr] be in a certain position; lie 处於某位置; 位於: The book's still sitting on my shelf, ie I haven't read it. 那本书仍在我的书架上搁著呢（我还没看呢）. * The farm sits on top of the hill. 那个农场在山顶上.  8 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth be a candidate for (an examination) 参加（考试）: sit (for) an exam/a test 参加考试[测试] * sit for a scholarship 为获奖学金而参加考试.  9 (idm 习语) sit at sb's `feet be sb's pupil or follower 做某人的弟子或追随者: She sat at the feet of Freud himself. 她师承弗洛伊德. sit in `judgement (on/over sb) judge sb, esp when one has no right to do so 评论某人（尤指论者无此资格）: How dare you sit in judgement on me? 你怎麽敢对我妄加评论? sit on the `fence hesitate or fail to decide between two opposite courses of action, sets of beliefs, etc 骑墙; 持观望态度. sit on one's `hands do nothing 什麽都不干: Are you going to sit on your hands while she does all the work? 所有的工作都是她做, 你难道什麽都不干吗? a ,sitting `duck person or thing that is an easy target, or is easy to attack 容易攻击或容易击中的人或事物: Without my gun, I'm a sitting duck for any terrorist. 没有这支枪, 我就成了恐怖分子下手的目标. ,sitting `pretty (infml 口) in a fortunate situation, esp when others are unlucky 处境幸运（尤指别人不幸时）: I was properly insured so I'm sitting pretty. 我已经有了一定的保险, 因而有备无患了. ,sit `tight (a) remain where one is 留在原处; 不动: All the others ran away, but I sat tight. 别人都跑了, 但我在原地没动. (b) refuse to take action, yield, etc 不采取行动、 不屈服等: She threatened us with dismissal if we didn't agree, but we all sat tight. 她威胁说若我们不同意就把我们解雇, 但大家都没理会. sit `up (and take notice) (infml 口) suddenly start paying attention to what is happening, being said, etc 突然注意起发生的事情或说的话等: I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up. 我骂她惺惺作态, 她马上警觉起来. * This news made us all sit up and take notice. 这消息立即引起我们大家的注意.  10 (phr v) sit around spend one's time sitting down, unwilling or unable to do anything 闲坐著（什麽事都不愿做或不能做）: I've been sitting around waiting for the phone to ring all day. 我一整天都坐在那儿等著来电话. sit back (a) settle oneself comfortably back, eg in a chair 倚著靠背舒服地坐著（如在椅子上）: I sat back and enjoyed a cup of tea. 我向後靠著舒适地坐著品茶. (b) relax after working; do nothing 工作之後歇息; 什麽都不做: I like to sit back and rest in the evenings. 我喜欢在晚上什麽也不做, 好好休息. * Are you going to sit back and let me do everything? 你什麽事都不想做, 所有事都让我干? sit down under sth (fml 文) suffer (insults, etc) without protest or complaint 忍受（凌辱等）（不反抗或不抱怨）: He should not sit down under these accusations. 他不应该默默地忍受这类指责. sit for sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (Brit) be the Member of Parliament for (a constituency) 任（某选区）的议会议员: I sit for Bristol West. 我是西布里斯托尔的议会议员. sit in occupy (part of) a building as a protest 静坐示威（占据一建筑物或其中一部分）: The workers are sitting in against the factory closures. 工人们静坐示威抗议关闭工厂. sit in on sth attend (a discussion, etc) as an observer, not as a participant 列席（讨论会等）: The teachers allowed a pupil to sit in on their meeting. 教师允许有一名学生列席他们的会议. sit on sth (a) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be a member of (a committee, jury, etc) 做（委员会、 陪审团等）的成员: How many people sit on the commission? 委员会有多少成员? (b) (infml 口) fail to deal with sth 搁置; 积压: They have been sitting on my application for a month. 他们把我的申请搁置了一个月. sit on sb stop sb's bad or awkward behaviour 制止某人的不良举动: I have to sit on the class when they get too rowdy. 班上学生太闹时, 我就得管一管. * She thinks she knows everything, and needs sitting on. 她认为她什麽都 懂, 需要管束一下. sit out sit outdoors 坐在户外: The garden's so lovely, I think I'll sit out. 花园真漂亮, 我想我还是坐在外面好. sit sth out (a) stay to the end of (a performance, etc) 坐著直到（演出等）结束: sit out a boring play 耐著性子看完一出乏味的话剧. (b) not take part in (a particular dance) 不想跳（某种舞）: I think I'll sit out the rumba. 我不想跳伦巴舞. sit through sth remain in a theatre, etc from the beginning to the end of (a performance, etc) （在剧院等）一直坐到（演出等）结束: I can't sit through six hours of Wagner! 看六小时的瓦格纳歌剧我可坐不住! sit up (for sb) not go to bed until later than the usual time, esp because one is waiting for sb 晚睡（尤指为等候某人）: I shall get back late, so don't sit up (for me). 我要晚些回来, 别（为等我）晚睡. * The nurse sat up with the patient all night. 那护士整夜没睡守护著病人. * We sat up late watching a film on TV. 我们很晚都没睡觉还在看电视影片. sit (sb) up (cause sb to) move to an upright position after lying flat, slouching, etc （使某人）坐起来, 坐直, 坐正, 端坐: The patient is well enough to sit up in bed now. 病人现在已能在床上坐起来了. * We sat the baby up to feed her. 我们让那婴儿坐正了好喂她. * Sit up straight! 坐直了! Cf 参看 sit up (and take notice).
sit-down 
n  1 (also ,sit-down `strike) strike in which workers occupy a factory, etc until their demands are considered or met 静坐罢工（工人占据厂房, 争取要求获考虑或满足）.  ��B2 [attrib 作定语] (of a meal) served to people sitting down （指就餐）由服务员送到座位的, 坐著吃的: a sit-down lunch 坐著吃的午餐.
sit-in 
n protest made by sitting in （在建筑物内的）静坐示威: a sit-in at the city council offices 在市议会办事处内的静坐示威.
sitting member 
(Brit) candidate at a general election who holds the seat until the next election is called 现任的议员.
sitting-room 
n (esp Brit) = living-room (living2).
sitting tenant 
tenant who is actually occupying a flat, house, etc （公寓、 房屋等的）正在租用的人: It's difficult to sell a house with a sitting tenant. 住著房客的房子很难卖.
sitar
/ sI5tB:(r), 5sItB:(r); sI`tBr, `sI9tBr/ n Indian stringed instrument resembling a guitar, with a long neck 锡塔琴（似吉他的印度弦乐器）.
sitcom
/ 5sItkCm; `sIt9kBm/ n (infml 口) = situation comedy (situation).
site
/ saIt; saIt/ n  1 place where a building, town, etc was, is, or will be situated （建筑物、 城镇等的）地方, 位置, 遗址, 地基: built on the site of a Roman fort 建筑在古罗马城堡的遗址上 * a site for a new school 选定的新校址 * deliver the materials to a building site 把建筑材料送到工地去 * I picked a sheltered site for the tent. 我选了个有遮蔽的地方搭帐棚.  2 place where sth has happened or will happen, or for a particular activity （事情发生的或活动的）地点, 现场: the site of the battle 战场 * Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash. 救护人员急速赶到飞机坠毁的现场.
site 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] locate (a building, etc); place 择定（建筑物等）的位置; 设置: a factory sited next to a railway line 设置在铁路沿线的工厂 * Is it safe to site the power-station here? 把发电厂建在这里安全吗?
sitter
/ 5sItE(r); `sItL/ n  1 person who is being painted or photographed 被画像或拍照的人.  2 (a) bird or animal that is not flying or moving and is therefore easy to shoot 不在飞行中或运动中的鸟或兽（因而容易射中）. (b) (sl 俚) thing that is easy to do, catch, etc 易做的或易捕捉的事物: The purse in her handbag was a sitter for any thief. 她手提袋里的钱包小偷很容易偷走.  3 (with an adj 与形容词连用) hen that sits (sit 5) 孵蛋的母鸡: a good/poor sitter 孵蛋的[不孵蛋的]母鸡.  4 (infml 口) = baby-sitter (baby).
sitting
/ 5sItIN; `sItIN/ n  1 time during which a lawcourt, parliament, etc sits continuously （法庭、 议会等）开庭、 开会等的期间: during a long sitting 在冗长的议会开会期间.  2 period when a group of people eat a meal 一批人就餐的时间: The dining-hall is small, so there are two sittings for lunch. 饭厅很小, 所以午饭分两批吃. * About 100 people can be served at one sitting, ie together, at onetime. 约一百人可同时进餐.  3 period spent continuously in one activity 持续进行某一活动的时间: finish reading a book at one sitting 一口气读完一本书.  4 period spent by sb being painted or photographed 供人画像或拍照的时间: The portrait was completed after six sittings. 这幅画模特儿坐了六次才画完.  5 number of eggs on which a hen sits （一只母鸡等）一次孵的卵数.
in situ
/ 9In 5sItju:; In`saItju/ (Latin 拉) in its original or proper place 在原处; 在原位置.
situate
/ 5sItjUeIt; ?@ 5sItFUeIt; `sItFJ9et/ v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) place or locate (eg a building or town) in a certain position 使（如建筑物或城镇）建於或坐落在某处: The company wants to situate its headquarters in the north. 公司想把总部设在北方. * The village is situated in a valley. 那个村子在山谷里. * Where will the school be situated? 学校要建在哪儿?
situated 
adj [pred 作表语] (of a person) in circumstances of a specified kind; placed （指人）处於某种境况: Having six children and no income, I was badly situated. 我有六个孩子却没有收入, 生活十分困难. * How are you situated with regard to equipment? ie Do you have all you need? 你所需的设备都有了吗?
situation
/ 9sItFU5eIFn; 9sItFJ`eFEn/ n  1 set of circumstances or state of affairs, esp at a certain time 状况, 处境, 局面, 形势（尤指某时期的）: find oneself in an embarrassing situation 觉得自己处於尴尬的境地 * get into/out of adifficult situation 陷入[摆脱]困难的状况 * the worseningdiplomatic situation 日趋恶化的外交局面 * The company is in a poor financial situation, eg is losing money. 公司财务状况不佳.  2 position of a town, building, etc in relation to its surroundings （城镇、 建筑物等相对於周围环境的）位置: a beautiful situation overlooking the valley 可俯瞰山谷的优美地点.  3 (fml 文) paid job 有酬劳的工作; 职业: find a new situation 找个新工作 * Situations vacant/Situations wanted, eg as headings for newspaper advertisements from people offering or looking for jobs. 招聘[求职]（如报纸上的广告标题）.  4 (idm 习语) save the situation => save.
situation comedy 
(also infml 口语作 sitcom) comedy, usu a TV or radio programme, based on a set of characters in a particular situation 情景喜剧（一批角色在特定情景中的喜剧表演, 通常指电视或广播剧）.
six
/ sIks; sIks/ pron, det  1 6; one more than five 6, 六（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) at ,sixes and `sevens (infml 口) in confusion 乱七八糟: I haven't had time to arrange everything, so I'm all at sixes and sevens. 我没来得及把每件事都安排好, 因此心里七上八下的.
six 
n the number 6 *6; 六.
sixth 
/ sIksW; sIksW/ pron, det 6th; next after fifth 第6, 第六（个）. 
sixthly 
adv.  
sixth
n  one of six equal parts of sth 六分之一: save a sixth of one's income 把收入的六分之一储存起来. `sixth form (Brit) (in secondary schools) class of pupils preparing for A-level examinations （中学）六年级（为准备参加英国普通教育文凭高级程度考试的班级）: [attrib 作定语] a sixth-form pupil, lesson 中学六年级的学生、 课.
sixth-former 
n pupil in this form 中学六年级学生. For the uses of six and sixth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 six 和 sixth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
sixfold 
/ 5sIksfEUld; `sIks`fold/ adj, adv  1 six times as much or as many; six times as great 六倍（的）: a sixfoldincrease 六倍的增加 * increase sixfold 增加六倍.  2 having six parts 有六个部分的.
six-footer 
n (infml 口)  1 person who is six foot tall 身高六英尺的人.  2 thing that is six foot long 六英尺长的东西.
six-pack 
n (esp US) case of six bottles or cans, esp of beer 六瓶或六罐装（尤指啤酒）.
sixpence 
/ 5sIkspEns; `sIkspEns/ n  1 former GB coin having a value of six old pennies (before 1971) （英国旧时）面值六便士的硬币（1971年前）.  2 sum of six pennies 六便士: It costs sixpence. 价值为六便士.
sixpenny 
/ 5sIkspEnI; `sIks9pEnI/ adj [attrib 作定语] costing six pennies 值六便士的.
six-shooter 
n revolver with six bullets when fully loaded 六发左轮手枪.
sixteen
/ 9sIk5sti:n; sIks`tin/ pron, det 16; one more than fifteen 16, 十六（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.
sixteen 
n the number 16 *16; 十六.
sixteenth 
/ sIk5sti:nW; sIks`tinW/ pron, det 16th; next after fifteenth 第16, 第十六（个）.  n one of sixteen equal parts of sth 十六分之一. six`teenth note (US) = semiquaver. For the uses of sixteen and sixteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 sixteen 和 sixteenth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
sixty
/ 5sIkstI; `sIkstI/ pron, det 60; one more than fifty-nine *60, 六十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.
sixtieth 
/ 5sIkstIEW; `sIkstIIW/ pron, det 60th; next after fifty-ninth 第60, 第六十（个）.  n one of sixty equal parts of sth 六十分之一.
sixty 
n  1 the number 60 *60; 六十.  2 the sixties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 60 to 69 从60到69的数目、 年数或温度.  3 (idm 习语) in one's `sixties between the ages of 60 and 70 在60岁到70岁之间. For the uses of sixty and sixtieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於 sixty 和 sixtieth 的用法见 five 和 fifth 词条中的示例.
size
/ saIz; saIz/ n  1 [U, C] the measurements or amount of sth; degree of largeness or smallness （量度、 数量或程度的）大小, 多少: a building of vast size 巨大的建筑物 * the car's compact size 小型的汽车 * people of all shapes and sizes 各种形体的人 * about the size of (ie about as large as) a duck's egg 约鸭蛋般大小 * the size of the cheque 支票的数额 * a house of some size, ie a fairly large house 相当大的房子 * They're both of a size, ie are the same size. 这两个大小相同.  2 [C] any of a number of standard measurements in which items such as clothes are made （服装等的）号, 码: a size fifteen collar 十五号的领子 * trousers three sizes too large 大了三号的裤子 * I take size nine shoes. 我穿九号的鞋. * You need a smaller size. 你需要小点号的. * Try this on for size, ie to see if it fits, whether or not you like it. 穿上这个试试尺码.  3 (idm 习语) that's about `it/about the `size of it that is (roughly) how matters stand 大致上就是这样.
size 
v  1 [Tn] sort (sth) according to size 将（某物）按大小排列或分类.  2 (phr v) size sb/sth up (infml 口) form a judgement or opinion of sb/sth 判断或估计某人[某事物]: We sized each other up at our first meeting. 我们初次见面时相互打量了一番.
sizeable (also sizable) 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj fairly large 相当大的; 颇大的: a sizeable field, house, sum of money 相当大的一块地[一所房子/一笔钱].
-sized 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified size 某种大小的: a medium-sized garden.
sizzle
/ 5sIzl; `sIzl/ v [I, Ip] (infml 口) make the hissing sound eg of sth frying in fat 发嘶嘶声（如煎炸声）: sausages sizzling (away) in the pan 在锅里发出嘶嘶声的香肠 * water sizzling as it falls on a hot rock 落在滚烫的石头上嘶嘶作响的水 * (fig 比喻) a sizzling hot day 炎热的一天.
sizzle 
n [sing] this sound 嘶嘶声.
sizzler 
/ 5sIzlE(r); `sIzlL/ n (infml 口) very hot day 炎热的日子; 大热天: Whew! What a sizzler! 唷! 多热的天哪!
skate
/ skeIt; sket/ n  1 (a) (also `ice-skate) either of a pair of boots with steel blades fixed to the soles so that the wearer can glide smoothly over ice 溜冰鞋. (b) one of these blades 冰刀.  2 = roller-skate (roller).  3 (idm 习语) get/put one's `skates on (infml 口) hurry up 赶快: Get your skates on or you'll miss the bus. 快点儿, 不然你就赶不上公共汽车了.
skate 
v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn]  1 move on skates; perform (sth) while moving in this way 溜冰; 溜冰表演（某动作）: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗? * skate along, past, over, etc (sth) 溜冰沿著、 经过、 越过...（某物） * skate a figure of eight 溜8字形.  2 (idm 习语) be skating on thin `ice talk about or do sth that can easily cause disagreement, protest or other trouble 谈论或做易引起分歧、 反对意见或其他麻烦的事: We could ignore him and go direct to the chairman, but we'd be skating on very thin ice. 我们可以不理会他而直接去找主席, 但那样做我们就如履薄冰了.  3 (phr v) skate over/round sth not deal with sth directly 间接处理某事物; 不直接触及某事物: skate over a difficulty, a delicate issue 对一困难、 敏感问题一带而过 * She skated round the likely cost of the plan. 她婉转地提到这项计画可能需要的费用. 
skater 
n person who skates 滑冰的人. 
skating 
n [U] sport of moving on skates 冰上运动: [attrib 作定语] a skating competition, club 滑冰比赛、 俱乐部.
skateboard 
n narrow board about 50 cm long, with roller-skate wheels fixed to it, which the rider stands on, eg to take part in races, demonstrate skill, etc 滑板（长约50厘米的窄板, 装有滑轮, 可站在上面滑行, 如作比赛或表演等）. =>illus 见插图. 
skateboarder 
n person who uses a skateboard 玩滑板的人. 
skateboarding 
n [U] sport of riding a skateboard 滑板运动.
skating-rink 
n area of natural or artificial ice for ice-skating; smooth area used for roller-skating 滑冰场; 旱冰场.
skate
/ skeIt; sket/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 skates) large flat long-tailed fish that lives in the sea and is eaten as food 鳐（体大扁平、 尾长的海鱼, 可食）.
skedaddle
/ skI5dAdl; skI`dAdl/ v [I] (Brit infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) go away quickly 快走开.
skein
/ skeIn; sken/ n  1 length of wool, thread, etc wound into a loose coil （纱、 线等的）一束.  2 group of wild geese, etc in flight （飞行中的）一群（大雁等）.
skeleton
/ 5skelItn; `skZlEtn/ n  1 (a) framework of bones supporting an animal or a human body （动物或人的）骨骼, 骨架: The child was reduced to a skeleton, ie very thin because of hunger, illness, etc. 这孩子骨瘦如 柴. (b) such a framework, or a model of it, fixed in the position it has in the body, used esp for the purposes of study 骨架或骨架模型（尤用於科研）: ape skeletons inthe museum 博物馆里的猿的骨架.  2 (a) any supportingstructure or framework, eg of a building 框架结构, 骨架结构（如建筑物的）: The block is still just a skeleton of girders. 这片建筑还只是仅有主梁的骨架. (b) outline to which details are to be added 纲要; 提要: Her notes give us just the bare skeleton of her theory. 她的笔记只给我们提供了她的理论的梗概.  3 [attrib 作定语] having the smallest possible number of people, vehicles, etc needed to run an operation （进行一项作业所需的）最起码数量的人员、 车辆等: a skeleton crew, staff, etc 最低数量的船员、 职员等 * We only have a skeleton bus service on public holidays. 在公众假期, 只有最少量的公共汽车营运.  4 (idm 习语) a skeleton in the `cupboard secret which would embarrass sb if it became known （若揭露出来可能使某人难堪的）秘密: bribery of officials and other skeletons in the government's cupboard 政府中的官员受贿以及其他丑事.
skeleton key 
key that will open several different locks 万能钥匙.
skeptic
= sceptic.
sketch
/ sketF; skZtF/ n  1 rough quickly-made drawing, without many details 素描; 速写; 草图: make a sketch of a face, place 作一面部、 地方的速写.  2 short account or description, giving only basic details 简短的陈述或描写: a newspaper sketch of a debate in Parliament 报上关於议会辩论的简短报道 * give a sketch of one's plans 概述一项计画.  3 short funny play or piece of writing 诙谐的短剧或短文: a sketch set in a doctor's surgery 以医生诊所为背景的诙谐短剧 * She writes satirical sketches for a magazine. 她为一家杂志撰写讽刺小品.
sketch 
[I, Tn]  1 draw sketches; make a sketch of (sb/sth) 作素描; 画速写; 作（某人[某事物]）的素描、 速写或草图: go into the park to sketch (flowers) 去公园作（花卉）写生.  2 (phr v) sketch sth out give a general description or account of sth; outline sth 概述（某事）; 草拟: sketch out proposals for a new road 草拟修建新路的计画 * Sketch out what you intend to do. 把你要做的事概括地叙述一下.
sketchy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (often derog 常作贬义) lacking thoroughness and detail; incomplete; rough 概要的; 不完全的; 粗略的: Your essay gives a rather sketchy treatment of the problem. 你的文章只粗略地涉及到这个问题. * I have only a sketchy knowledge of geography. 我对地理只是一知半解. * Information about the crisis was sketchy and hard to get. 关於这次危机的消息所知甚少并且很难获得. 
sketchily 
adv: The book treats the problem too sketchily. 该书关於这一问题写得太简略. 
sketchiness 
n [U].
sketch-book, `sketch-pad 
ns book of sheets of paper for sketching on 素描簿; 速写簿.
sketch-map 
n map, usu drawn by hand, that shows only basic details 略图; （通常指手画的）地图.
skew
/ skju:; skju/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not straight; twisted or slanting 歪; 斜; 偏: The picture is a bit skew. 这幅画有点歪. Cf 参看 askew.
skew 
n (idm 习语) on the `skew skew 歪; 斜; 偏.
skew-whiff 
/ 9skju:5wIf; `skju9hwIf/ adj (Brit infml 口) skew 歪的; 斜的; 偏的: You've got your hat on skew-whiff. 你帽子戴歪了.
skewbald
/ 5skju:bR:ld; `skju9bRld/ n, adj (animal, esp a horse) having patches of white and another colour (usu not black) 白色与另一颜色（黑色除外）夹杂的（动物, 尤指马）. Cf 参看 piebald.
skewer
/ 5skjUE(r); `skjJL/ n pin of wood or metal with a point, pushed through meat to hold it together while cooking 串肉扦, 烤肉扦（烤肉时串肉用的）.
skewer 
v [Tn] push a skewer or sth similar through (sth) （用串肉扦或类似物）串起, 刺穿: He skewered his foot on a nail. 他的脚踩在钉子上了.
ski
/ ski:; ski/ n either of a pair of long narrow strips of wood, plastic, etc fixed to a person's boots so that he can glide smoothly over snow 滑雪板: a pair of skis 一副滑雪板 * bind on one's skis 缚上滑雪板 * [attrib 作定语] a ski suit, slope, club 滑雪衣、 斜坡、 俱乐部.
ski 
v (pt, pp ski'd or skied, pres p skiing) [I, Ipr, Ip] move over snow on skis, esp as a sport 滑雪（尤指作 为运动）: go skiing in Switzerland 去瑞士滑雪 * ski into a village 滑雪滑进一村庄 * ski past, along, down, etc 滑雪滑过、 滑去、 滑下.
skier 
/ 5ski:E(r); `skiL/ n person who uses skis 滑雪的人. skiing n [U] activity or sport of moving on skis 滑雪; 滑雪运动: [attrib 作定语] a skiing course, instructor, resort 滑雪课程、 教练、 胜地 * skiing equipment, clothes 滑雪用具、 服装. =>illus 见插图.
ski-bob 
n vehicle used for races on snow and resembling a bicycle with skis instead of wheels 滑雪车（状如自行车, 有滑雪板, 无轮）.
ski-jump 
n  1 jump made by a skier after sliding down a long ramp 滑雪跳跃.  2 ramp for making such jumps 供滑雪跳跃的斜坡.  3 competition in which such jumps are made 滑雪跳跃比赛.
ski-lift 
n device for pulling or carrying skiers up a slope 载送滑雪者上坡的装置.
ski-plane 
n aircraft fitted with skis instead of wheels, enabling it to land on snow 雪上飞机（装有雪橇、 可在雪地降落的飞机）.
skid
/ skId; skId/ n  1 sideways movement made eg by a car slipping on ice or turning a corner too fast 滑向一侧, 打滑（如车在结冰路上或急转弯时的）: try to get out of/correct a skid 设法纠正打滑现象.  2 log, plank, etc used to make a track over which heavy objects may be dragged or rolled 滑道, 滚道, 滑轨（使重物易於在上面拉或滚动）.  3 piece of wood or metal that acts as a brake on the wheel of a cart, etc 制轮器; 刹车.  4 (idm 习语) put the skids under sb/sth (sl 俚) (a) cause sb/sth to fail 使某人[某事]失败: The government put the skids under the plan by stopping their research grant. 政府停发研究经费让他们的计画半途而废. (b) make sb hurry 催促某人.
skid 
v (-dd-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a car, etc) move or slip sideways （指汽车等）滑向一侧, 打滑: The car skidded on the ice. 汽车在冰上打滑了. * The bus skidded (on) into a wall. 公共汽车打滑撞到墙上.
skid-pan 
surface specially prepared for skidding on, so that drivers can practise controlling skids 转向试验场（为司机练习控制车辆打滑的特制路面）.
skid row 
/ 9skId 5rEU; 9skId`ro/ (US sl 俚) slum area where vagrants live 流浪者住的贫民区: He ended up on skid row. 他最後沦落到了流浪人的贫民区.
skies
pl of sky.
skiff
/ skIf; skIf/ n small light boat for rowing or sculling, usu by one person 轻舟, 小艇（通常指单人划的）.
skiffle
/ 5skIfl; `skIfEl/ n [U] (esp Brit) type of music popular in the 1950's, a mixture of jazz and folk-song often using improvised instruments and a singer with a guitar or a banjo 二十世纪五十年代流行的一种爵士乐: [attrib 作定语] a skiffle group, song, etc 爵士乐团、 歌曲等.
skilful (US skillful) 
/ 5skIlfl; `skIlfEl/ adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) having or showing skill 有技巧的; 熟练的:a skilful painter, driver, performer 熟练的画家、 司机、 表演者 * a skilful performance 　熟的表演 * skilful atinventing excuses 很会编造藉口. 
skilfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv.
skill
/ skIl; skIl/ n  1 [U] ~ (at sth/doing sth) ability to do sth well 技能; 技艺; 技巧: show great skill at driving, telling stories, playing billiards 显示出驾驶、 讲故事、 打台球的高度技巧.  2 [C] particular type of skill 技能; 技艺; 技巧: the practical skills needed in carpentry 木工所需的应用技艺.
skilled 
adj  1 ~ (in/at sth/doing sth) (a) having skill; skilful 熟练的; 有能力的: a skilled negotiator 谈判能手 * skilled at dealing with complaints 善於处理投诉个案. (b) experienced; trained 有经验的; 训练过的: a skilled worker, salesperson, etc 有经验的工人、 推销员等 * an actor skilled at improvising 擅长临场发挥的演员.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of work) needing skill （指工作）需要技能的: a skilled job 技术性的工作.
skillet
/ 5skIlIt; `skIlIt/ n  1 (esp US) frying-pan 煎锅. =>illus at pan 见 pan 插图.  2 small metal cooking-pot with a long handle and (usu) feet 小的长柄锅（通常带有支脚）.
skim
/ skIm; skIm/ v (-mm-)  1 [Tn] remove cream, scum, etc from the surface of (a liquid) 撇去（液体）表面的油脂、 浮沫等: skim milk 撇去牛奶上的奶油.2 (a) [Ipr, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] move or glide lightly over (a surface), not touching it or only occasionally touching it 掠过或擦过（某物的表面）: swallows skimming (over) the water/along the ground 擦著水面[地面]飞过的燕子 * aircraft skimming the roof-tops 从屋顶上掠过的飞机. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (a stone, etc) to pass low over water, bouncing several times 使（石块等）擦过水面, 反弹几次; 用（石块等）打水漂: skimming pebbles (over the lake) 用小圆石（在湖面上）打水漂.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through/over) sth read sth quickly, noting only the main points 略读; 浏览: skim (through) the report in half an hour 用半小时浏览这份报告 * skim over the list, looking for one's name 很快地看著名单, 寻找自己的名字.  4 (phr v) skim sth from/off sth; skim sth off remove (cream, scum, etc) from the surface of a liquid （从液体表面）撇去（油脂、 浮沫等）: skim the cream from the milk 从牛奶上撇去奶油 * skim the fat off (the soup) 把（汤上面的）油撇去.
skimmer 
n  1 type of spoon with holes in, used for skimming liquids （撇油、 撇沫用的）漏杓.  2 water bird with long wings 剪嘴行鸥（长翼水鸟）.
skimmed milk (also ,skim `milk) 
milk from which the cream has been skimmed 脱脂奶.
skimp
/ skImp; skImp/ (also scamp / skmp; skAmp/) v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (on sth) use or provide less than enough of (what is needed) 使用或供给（所需之物）不敷应用: Use plenty of oil. Don't skimp! 多用些油. 别省著! * They have to skimp on fuel in winter. 冬天他们得节省燃料. * skimp material when making a dress 做连衣裙时节省布料.
skimpy 
adj (-ier, -iest) using or having less than enough of what is needed （所需之物）不足的, 不够的: a rather skimpy meal 分量不太够的一顿饭 * The dancers wore skimpy dresses, ie that did not cover much of the body. 那些跳舞的人穿著不足以遮体. 
skimpily 
adv: a skimpily made dress 做得太小的连衣裙. 
skimpiness 
n [U].
skin
/ skIn; skIn/ n  1 [U] elastic substance that forms the outer covering of the body of a person or an animal （人或动物的）皮, 皮肤: a dark, an olive, a fair, etc skin 黝黑的、 橄榄色的、 白皙的皮肤 * She has a beautiful skin, ie complexion. 她肤色很美. * [attrib 作定语] a skin disease, treatment 皮肤病、 皮肤治疗.  2 [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) skin of an animal that has been removed from its body, with or without the fur; hide; fur 毛皮; 皮革; 皮张: `pigskin, `calfskin, `sheepskin 猪皮、 小牛皮、 羊皮 * a `rabbit-skin 兔皮.  3 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) vessel for storing liquids, made from the whole skin of an animal （装液体用的）皮囊（用整个兽皮制成的）: a `wineskin 酒囊.  4 (a) [C, U] outer covering of a fruit or plant 果皮; 植物的外皮: slip on a banana skin 踩著香蕉皮而滑倒 * grape skins 葡萄皮. Cf 参看 peel n, rind, zest 3. (b) [C, U] thin covering of a sausage （灌香肠用的）肠衣. (c) [C usu sing 通常作单数] any outer covering or case 外壳; 外皮: the metal skin of an aircraft 飞机的金属外壳 * a waterproof plastic skin on a metal sheet 金属板的防水塑料外层.  5 [C, U] thin layer that forms on the surface of certain liquids, eg boiled milk 结於某些液面的薄层（如煮过的牛奶的表面）: the skin on a milk pudding 牛奶布丁上的乳皮 * a skin forming on the paint in the pot 罐中油漆结的一层皮.  6 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin deep => beauty. be no skin off one's nose (infml 口) not concern one; not matter to one 与己无关; 事不关己; 满不在乎: It's no skin off my nose if I lose this job, I can always get another one. 我失掉这份工作也没有关系, 我随时都能再找到工作. by the ,skin of one's `teeth (infml 口) only just 仅; 刚刚: He escaped by the skin of his teeth. 他险些没逃掉. get under sb's `skin (infml 口) (a) annoy or irritate sb 惹恼或激怒（某人）: Don't let him get under your skin! 别让他惹著你! (b) interest or attract sb greatly 深深地打动或吸引（某人）: The charm of the place soon gets under your skin. 这地方很美丽, 你很快就会爱上这个地方. have got sb under one `skin (infml 口) be strongly attracted to sb 对某人极感兴趣. have, etc a hide/skin like a rhinoceros => rhinoceros. jump out of one's `skin (infml 口) be startled 吓一大跳: I nearly jumped out of my skin when a hand grabbed me in the dark. 黑暗中有一只手把我抓住, 可真把我吓了一大跳. save one's (own) skin => save. (nothing but/all) skin and `bone (infml 口) very thin 极瘦; 皮包骨: He was all skin and bone after his illness. 他病後瘦成皮包骨. ,soaked/,wet to the `skin (of a person) completely soaked （指人）湿透: We were soaked to the skin after the storm. 暴雨过後我们全都湿透了. (have) a thin/thick `skin (infml 口) (have) a character that makes one easily/not easily hurt by criticism, insults, etc 脸皮薄[厚]; 禁得住[禁不住]批评、 侮辱等: You need a thick skin to be a politician. 当政客得脸皮厚.
skin 
v (-nn-)  1 (a) [Tn] take the skin off (eg an animal) 剥掉（如动物）的皮: skin a rabbit, fox, etc 剥兔子、 狐狸等的皮. (b) injure by scraping skin off (eg one's knees) 擦破（如膝盖）的皮: I skinned my elbow against the wall. 我的肘部撞在墙上擦破了皮.  2 (idm 习语) keep one's eyes open/peeled/skinned => eye1. skin sb alive (said as a threat 威胁用语) punish sb severely 严惩某人: Your father'll skin you alive when he sees this! 要是让你父亲看见, 他非活剥了你不可!
-skinned 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a skin of the specified type 有某种皮肤的: dark-skinned * pink-skinned.
skinny 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) very thin 极瘦的; 皮包骨的: You're skinny enough without going on a diet! 你不必节食就已经够瘦的了! =>Usage at thin 用法见 thin.
skin-deep 
adj [pred 作表语] not deeply felt or lasting 肤浅; 不深刻; 不持久: His political commitment is only skin-deep. 他政治上的承诺只是表面文章.
skin-diving 
n [U] sport of swimming under water with goggles, flippers and an aqualung or a snorkel to breathe with 轻装潜水（只使用护目镜、 脚蹼、 水肺或潜水通气管）. 
skin-diver 
n.
skin-flick 
n (sl 俚) pornographic film 色情电影.
skinful 
/ 5skInfUl; `skIn9fJl/ n (sl 俚) enough alcohol to make a person drunk 足以使人醉倒的酒的量: He'd had a skinful and got into a fight. 他喝得大醉还打了一架.
skin-graft 
n surgical operation in which skin taken from one part of sb's body (or from sb else's body) is placed over another part that is burned, wounded, etc 皮移植（术）.
skinhead 
n (Brit) young person with very short hair, esp one who is violent 留平头的青少年（尤指暴徒）.
skin-tight 
adj (of a garment) fitting very closely to the body （指服装）贴身的, 紧身的.
skinflint
/ 5skInflInt; `skIn9flInt/ n (infml 口) miser 吝啬鬼; 小气的人.
skint
/ skInt; skInt/ adj [pred 作表语] (Brit sl 俚) without any money 无钱; 身无分文.
skip
/ skIp; skIp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Ipr, Ip] move lightly and quickly, esp by taking two steps with each foot in turn 轻快地跳（尤指每只脚轮流跳两次）: a child skipping along the road, into the house, etc 沿路跳著、 跳著进屋...的小孩 * skipping along, past, out, etc 蹦蹦跳跳地走去、 走过、 走出等 * skip out of sb's way, ie by making a little jump 跳开给某人让路 * The lambs were skipping about in the fields. 羊羔在田里跳来跳去.  2 [I] jump over a rope held in both one's hands or by two other people and passed repeatedly over the head and under the feet 跳绳: children skipping in the playground 在操场中跳绳的儿童 * skipping games 跳绳游戏. =>illus 见插图.  3 (a) [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) go from one place to another quickly or casually 匆匆地或随便地由一处到另一处: skip over/across to Paris for the weekend 匆匆赶到巴黎度周末 * (fig 比喻) She skipped from one subject to another. 她讲得没有条理, 东拉西扯. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (out of...); ~ off leave (a place) secretly or in a hurry 悄悄地或匆匆地离开（某地）: skip (out of) the country with the stolen money 携赃款潜逃国外 * skip off without saying anything to anyone 一声不吭地匆匆溜走.  4 [Tn] not attend (a meeting, etc) 不参加（会议等）: skip a lecture, an appointment, a class, etc 未参加讲座、 没赴约、 旷课.  5 [I, Tn] omit (part of a book when reading, a task, etc) 略过（书中的一部分、 任务等）: I read the whole book without skipping (a page). 我一页不漏地读完了全书. * Skip the first chapter and start on page 25. 跳过第一章, 从第25页开始看. * He managed to skip the washing-up. 他变著法地不做洗碗的事.  6 (idm 习语) `skip it! (infml 口) don't talk about that any more 别再提这件事了: I've heard enough about your job, so skip it! 你的工作我已经听够了, 别再提了!
skip 
n skipping movement 跳跃; 跳绳; 跳过; 躲过: a hop, a skip and a jump 三级跳远.
skipping-rope 
n length of rope, usu with handles at each end, used esp by a child or a boxer for skipping 跳绳用的绳子. =>illus 见插图.
skip
/ skIp; skIp/ n large (usu open) metal container for carrying away rubble, rubbish, etc, esp from a building site 旧料桶（通常无盖, 尤用以装运工地废料的）: [attrib 作定语] skip hire 旧料桶租赁.
skipper
/ 5skIpE(r); `skIpL/ n  1 captain, esp of a small merchant ship or fishing-boat 船长（尤指小商船或渔船的）.  2 (infml 口) captain of a team, eg in football or cricket 队长（如足球或板球队的）.  3 (esp US) captain of an aircraft （飞机的）机长.
skipper 
v [Tn] act as skipper of (a boat, team, etc) 担任船长、 球队队长等.
skirl
/ sk\:l; sk[l/ n [sing] shrill piercing sound, esp of bagpipes 尖利声（尤指风笛的）.
skirmish
/ 5sk\:mIF; `sk[mIF/ n fight between small groups of soldiers, ships, etc, esp one that is not planned 小规模战斗; 小冲突; （尤指）遭遇战: a brief skirmish on the frontier 边界上的小规模冲突 * (fig 比喻) a skirmish between the two party leaders 两党领导人间的摩擦. Cf 参看 pitched battle (pitch2).
skirmish 
v [I] take part in a skirmish 进行小规模战斗或冲突. 
skirmisher 
n.
skirt
/ sk\:t; sk[t/ n  1 [C] (a) woman's garment that hangs from the waist （女用的）裙子. (b) part of a dress or other garment, eg a long coat, that hangs below the waist （连衣裙或大衣等的）下摆.  2 [C] any of various types of guard or covering for the base of a vehicle or machine （车辆或机器基部的）护板: the rubber skirt round the bottom of a hovercraft 汽垫船底部四周的橡胶护板.  3 skirts [pl] = outskirts.  4 (dated sexist sl 旧, 性别偏见, 俚) (a) [U] girls or women in general, seen as sexual objects （被视为性欲对象的）女子: a bit of skirt 裙衩. (b) [C] girl or woman seen in this way （被视为性欲对象的）女子.
skirt 
v [Ipr, Tn]  1 be on or move along the edge of (sth) 位於（某物）的边缘; 沿著（某物）边缘走: We skirted (round) the field and crossed the bridge. 我们沿著田边走, 经过了那座桥. * The road skirts the forest. 那条路在森林的边上.  2 (phr v) skirt round sth avoid referring to or treating (a topic, an issue, etc) directly 不直接提及或不直接处理（话题、 问题等）: She skirted round the problem of the high cost. 她避而不谈巨额费用问题.
skirting-board (Brit) (US `baseboard) 
n board attached to the wall of a room, next to the floor 壁脚板; 踢脚板.
skit
/ skIt; skIt/ n ~ (on sth) piece of humorous writing or short play that mimics or makes fun of sb/sth serious （模仿或取笑某人[某事物]的）幽默小品文章或短剧: a skit on Wagner/on `Macbeth' 模仿瓦格纳[《麦克佩斯》]的短剧.
skittish
/ 5skItIF; `skItIF/ adj  1 (of horses) lively and playful; difficult to control （指马）活泼的, 难以驾驭的.  2 (of people) fond of flirting; lively and playful （指人）爱调情的, 活泼顽皮的: She gets very skittish when her boy-friend is around. 她男朋友在场时, 她就显得格外轻佻. 
skittishly 
adv. 
skittishness 
n [U].
skittle
/ 5skItl; `skItl/ n  1 [C] bottle-shaped wooden pin used in the game of skittles （撞柱戏用的瓶状的）木柱.  2 skittles [sing v] game in which players try to knock over as many skittles as possible by rolling a ball at them 撞柱戏（以球撞击瓶状木柱的游戏）. Cf 参看 ninepin, tenpin bowling.  3 (idm 习语) beer and skittles => beer.
skittle 
v (phr v) skittle sb out (in cricket) end the turn of (a number of batsmen) quickly （板球中）迅速使（数名击球员）出局, 从而结束对方击球机会: The whole side was skittled out for 10 runs. 这个队在跑动得10分时, 全队失去击球机会.
skive
/ skaIv; skaIv/ v [I, Ip] ~ (off) (Brit sl 俚) avoid work, esp by staying away or going away from where it is being done 逃避劳动（尤指躲避或离开现场）: He's usually skiving down at the pub when there's gardening to be done. 他常在需要整理花园时就躲进酒馆去了. * She always skives off early. 她总是在干活儿时早早溜走.
skiver 
n (Brit sl 俚) person who skives 逃避劳动的人.
skivvy
/ 5skIvI; `skIvI/ n (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (usu female) servant, esp one who has to do menial jobs like cleaning and washing （通常为女性）仆人, 佣人（尤指专做清洗打杂等粗活儿的）: I'm no better than (ie I'm treated like) a skivvy in this house. 我在这个家里与仆人无异.
skivvy 
v (pt, pp skivvied) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) (Brit infml 口) work as a skivvy or as if one is a skivvy 做清洗打杂等粗活儿; 做（似）女佣的工作: She refused to skivvy for the whole family. 她不肯给全家当仆人.
skua
/ 5skju:E; `skjuE/ n large type of seagull 贼鸥（一种大海鸥）.
skulduggery (also skullduggery) 
/ skQl5dQgErI; skQl`dQ^ErI/ n [U] (often joc 常作戏谑语) deception and planning of evil acts; trickery 诈骗; 诡计: a career ruined by political skulduggery 被政治诡计毁掉的事业.
skulk
/ skQlk; skQlk/ v [Ipr, Ip] (derog 贬) hide or move around as if one is ashamed or trying to hide, esp when one is planning sth bad 躲躲闪闪; （尤指）鬼鬼祟祟: I don't want reporters skulking around (my house). 我不愿看到记者在（我家）周围神出鬼没地来回走动. =>Usage at prowl 用法见 prowl.
skull
/ skQl; skQl/ n  1 bony framework of the head under the skin 脑壳; 头颅骨: The fall fractured his skull. 这一跤把他的颅骨摔裂了. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.  2 (idm 习语) a thick skull => thick. 
-skulled 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): thick-skulled, ie having a thick skull; stupid.
skull and cross-bones 
picture of a skull above two crossed bones, once used on the flags of pirates' ships and now to warn of danger, eg on bottles of poison 骷髅画, 骷髅旗（旧时为海盗旗标志, 现作危险标志, 尤用於毒药瓶上）.
skull-cap 
n small round cap with no peak that sits on top of the head, nowadays worn esp by male Jews when praying and by Catholic bishops 无檐便帽（今尤为男性犹太教徒祈祷时或天主教的主教戴用）. =>illus at hat 见 hat 插图.
skunk
/ skQNk; skQNk/ n  1 (a) (also polecat) [C] small bushy-tailed N American animal that can send out a strong unpleasant smell as a defence when attacked 臭鼬（产於北美, 体小, 尾毛蓬松, 遇敌时放恶臭以自卫）. (b) [U] its fur 臭鼬毛皮.  2 [C] (infml 口) contemptibleperson 卑鄙的人: How could you cheat your own children, you skunk! 你怎麽能欺骗自己的孩子, 你这个坏家伙!
skunk 
v [Tn] (US sl 俚) defeat (sb) completely 彻底击败（某人）.
sky
/ skaI; skaI/ n  1 (a) [U, sing] (usu the sky when [sing] but a sky or skies [pl] when modified by an adj 用於单数时通常作the sky, 但受形容词修饰时则作a sky或skies) the space seen when one looks upwards from the earth, where clouds and the sun, moon and stars appear 天; 天空: a patch of blue sky 一块蓝天 * birds flying up into the sky 飞向天空的鸟 * under the open sky, ie out of doors 在户外 * a clear, blue sky 晴朗蔚蓝的天空 * clouds moving across the sky 在天空飘过的浮云 * a starry sky/(the) starry skies 星斗满天. (b) skies [pl] climate or weather as shown by this 天气; 气候: a day of rain and cloudy skies 有雨、 多云的一天 * the sunny skies of Italy 意大利的晴朗天气.  2 (idm 习语) pie in the sky => pie. praise, etc sb/sth to the `skies praise sb/sth very greatly 极力称赞某人[某事物]; 把某人[某事物]捧上了天: The teacher was extolling her work to the skies. 教师极力称赞她功课好. the sky's the limit (infml saying 口, 谚) there is no limit 没有限制: You could win millions! The sky's the limit! 你有可能赢数百万. 无尽无休!
sky 
v (pt, pp skied / skaId; skaId/) [Tn] hit (esp a ball) very high 将（尤指球）击向空中.
sky-blue 
adj, n [U] (of the) bright blue colour of the sky on a cloudless day 天蓝色; 天蓝色的.
sky-diver 
n [C]
sky-diving 
n [U] (person who takes part in the) sport of jumping from an aircraft and falling for as long as one safely can before opening one's parachute 延缓张伞跳伞运动（员）.
sky-high 
adj, adv very high 极高（的）: Prices are sky-high at the moment. 眼下物价高得上了天. * The bomb blew the house sky-high. 炸弹把房子炸得飞起来了.
skylark 
n type of lark that sings while hovering high in the sky 云雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.  v [I, Ip] = rklark.
skylight 
n window in a roof or ceiling 天窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.
skyline 
n outline of buildings, trees, hills, etc as seen against the sky 建筑物、 树、 山等以天空为背景映出的轮廓: the New York skyline 纽约市的建筑物在空中的轮廓.
sky-rocket 
v [I] (of prices, etc) rise to a very high level （指物价等）飞涨: sky-rocketing costs 猛涨的费用.
skyscraper 
n very tall modern city building 摩天大楼.
skywards 
/ 5skaIwEdz; `skaIwLdz/ (also skyward / -wEd;-wLd/) adj, adv towards the sky; upwards 向天空（的）; 向上（的）: the skywards path of the rocket 火箭的向上飞行路线 * hit the ball skywards 把球击向空中.
sky-writing 
n [U] (forming of) legible words in the sky from the smoke-trails of aircraft, usu to advertise sth 飞机放烟组成（的）空中文字（通常为宣传）.
slab
/ slAb; slAb/ n thick flat, often rectangular or square, piece of stone, wood or other solid substance 厚板（常指矩形或正方形的石板、 木板等）: paved with stone slabs 以石板铺成的 * massive slabs of rock 巨大的石板 * a slab of cheese, chocolate 一块乾酪、 巧克力.
slack
/ slAk; slAk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not tight or tense; loose 不紧的; 松弛的: a slack rope 松弛的绳子 * The boxer's jaw went slack. 那拳击手的下巴松了下来. * Your grip on the bar is too slack. 这根棒你握得太松了.  2 (a) ~ (at/about sth) (of a person) giving little care and energy to a task （指人）懈怠的, 疏忽的: He's been getting slack and making silly mistakes. 他越来越懒散, 出了些荒谬的错误. * Don't get slack about doing your exercises. 不要疏於练习. (b) not carefully done, planned,etc; lax （做得、 计画得）粗心的, 马虎的, 松散的: Organization of the conference was rather slack. 会议的组织工作很松散.  3 (of business) not having many customers, sales, etc; not busy （指生意）清淡, 萧条, 不景气: Trade is slack in winter. 冬季贸易不景气. * Demand is slack over the summer months. 夏季的几个月市场滞销.  4 (esp of water) slow-moving; sluggish （尤指水流）缓慢的, 滞缓的.
slack 
v  1 [I] be lazy; avoid work 怠惰; 偷懒: Stop slacking and get on with that digging! 别偷懒, 继续挖!  2 (phr v) slack off/up (a) reduce one's level of activity 松懈; 放松: After intense work in the summer, we are slacking off now. 夏季紧张的工作过後, 我们现在放松了. (b) reduce speed 减速; 放慢: Slack off/up as you approach the junction. 接近交叉口时要减速. slack (sth) up make (a rope, etc) less tight or tense 将（绳子等）放松.
slacker 
n (infml 口) person who is lazy or avoids work 懒惰的人; 偷懒的人.
slackly 
adv: ropes hanging slackly between the boat and the quay 在船与码头间系得很松弛的缆绳 * The firm had been run rather slackly. 那家公司一直经营得松松垮垮.
slackness 
n [U].
slack
/ slAk; slAk/ n  1 [U] slack part of a rope, etc （绳等的）松弛部分: too much slack in the tow-rope 拖缆很松.  2 slacks [pl] casual trousers for men or women 宽松的裤子（便装的男裤或女裤）: a pair of slacks 一条宽松的裤子.  3 [U] coal-dust left over after coal has been screened （煤经筛後剩下的）煤末.  4 (idm 习语) take up the `slack (a) pull on a rope, etc so that it is no longer slack 拉紧绳子: The tractor took up the slack and pulled the trailer out of the mud. 拖拉机拉紧拖缆把拖车从泥中拉了出来. (b) (in industry) make little-used resources more productive （工业中）充分利用闲置资源.
slacken
/ 5slAkEn; `slAkEn/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become slack （使）松弛: The rope slackened. 绳子松了. * slacken the reins 放松缰绳 * slacken one's grip 松手.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/up) (cause sth to) become slower, less active, etc （使某事物）放慢, 迟缓: The ship's speed slackened. 船速减慢了. * After hours of digging, we began to slacken up a little. 我们挖了数小时後, 速度慢了下来. * Slacken (off) your speed as you approach the village. 接近村庄时要放慢速度.
slag
/ slAg; slA^/ n  1 [U] waste matter that remains after metal has been extracted from ore by smelting 矿渣; 熔渣.  2 [C] (Brit derog sl 贬, 俚) woman who does not look respectable and is regarded as sexually immoral 贱妇; 淫妇.
slag 
v (-gg-) (phr v) slag sb off (Brit sl 俚) say offensive and critical things about sb, esp unfairly 侮慢或批评某人（尤指无理地）: Now he's left, she's always slagging off her old boss. 因原老板已走了, 她就一个劲儿地褒贬他.
slag-heap 
n heap of slag from a mine 矿渣堆.
slain
pp of slay.
slake
/ sleIk; slek/ v [Tn]  1 satisfy (one's thirst, or a desire, etc) 解（渴）; 满足（欲望等）: slake one's thirst with a cup of tea 喝杯茶解解渴 * (fml 文) Has this murderer slaked his lust for blood yet? 该杀人犯满足了嗜杀欲了吗?  2 combine (lime) chemically with water 熟化（石灰）.
slalom
/ 5slB:lEm; `slBlEm/ n  1 ski-race along a zig-zag course marked out by poles with flags 障碍滑雪赛（穿越旗帜标出的弯道）: win the slalom 在障碍滑雪赛中获胜 * [attrib 作定语] a slalom race, champion, course 障碍滑雪比赛、 冠军、 滑道.  2 any similar race, eg in canoes or on water-skis 任何类似的比赛（如划艇或滑水）.
slam
/ slAm; slAm/ v (-mm-)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (to/shut) (cause sth to) shut forcefully and loudly （使某物）猛然关闭并发出巨响: The door slammed (to). 门砰的一声关上了. * Slam the window (shut). 把窗户使劲关上. * He slammed the lid down. 他砰的一声盖上了盖子.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put, push, throw or knock (sth) with great force 猛力地放、 推、 扔或敲（某物）: slam one's brakes on 猛力踩闸 * She slammed the box down on the table. 她使劲把盒子摔在桌子上. * The batsman slammed the ball straight at a fielder. 击球员把球猛击向外场员.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) harshly 猛烈批评（某人[某事物]）: a play slammed by the reviewers 受到论者猛烈抨击的话剧 * The minister was slammed by the press for the cuts. 这位部长因削减一事受到报界猛烈抨击.  4 (idm 习语) shut/slam the door in sb's face => door.
slam 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) noise of sth being slammed 猛然关闭的声音: the slam of a car door 关汽车门时发出的声音.
slander
/ 5slB:ndE(r); ?@ 5slAn-; `slAndL/ n [U, C] (offence of making a) false statement intended to damage sb's reputation 诽谤（罪）; 诋毁; 中伤: a vicious slander 恶毒的诽谤 * a case of slander 诽谤案 * bring an action against sb for slander, ie sue sb for slander in a lawcourt 控告某人犯有诽谤罪. Cf 参看 libel.
slander 
v [Tn] make such a false statement about (sb) 诽谤、 诋毁或中伤（某人）. 
slanderer 
/ -dErE(r);-dErL/ n.
slanderous 
/ -dErEs; -dErEs/ adj: a slanderous attack, accusation 诽谤性的攻击、 指控. 
slanderously 
adv.
slang
/ slAN; slAN/ n [U] (abbr sl in this dictionary 本词典中略作sl俚) very informal words, phrases, etc commonly used in speech, esp between people from the same social group or who work together, not considered suitable for formal contexts and often not in use for long 俚语: army, prison, railway, etc slang 军队、 监狱、 铁路等俚语 * `Grass' is criminal slang for `informer'. ｀grass＇是罪犯用的俚语, 意思是｀告密的人＇. * [attrib 作定语] a slang word, expression, etc 俚语词、 词语等. Cf 参看 colloquial, informal 3.
slang 
v [Tn] (infml 口)  1 attack (sb) using angry, uncontrolled language; abuse 用气愤的、 不加控制的语言抨击（某人）; 谩骂: The driver was slanging a pedestrian who had got in his way. 那司机破口大骂挡他的路的行人.  2 (idm 习语) a `slanging match quarrel in which each person is angry and uses angry uncontrolled language 相互谩骂.
slangy 
adj typical of or containing slang 使用俚语的;含有俚语的: a slangy style 使用俚语的文体. 
slanginess
n [U].
slant
/ slB:nt; ?@ slAnt; slAnt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] lean in a particular direction; not be straight 倾斜; 歪: Her handwriting slants from left to right. 她写的字从左往右斜. * The picture is slanted to the left. 这幅画歪向左边了.  2 [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) present (news, etc) from a particular point of view 有倾向性地报道（消息等）: slant the story to protect the minister 歪曲事实以袒护部长 * She slanted the report so that I was made to appear incompetent. 她做出歪曲报道好让我显得无能.
slant 
n  1 slope 斜线; 斜面; 斜坡.  2 (infml 口) point of view, sometimes prejudiced, from which sth is seen or presented 观点; 意见; 看法; 见解; （有时指）偏见: get a new slant on the political situation 对政治形势有新看法 * gave the report a right-wing slant 在报告中加入右倾观点.  3 (idm 习语) on a/the `slant sloping; not straight 倾斜著; 歪著.
slanted 
adj showing a prejudiced slant(2) 有偏见的: a rather slanted account of the meeting 对会议做出带有偏见的报道.
slantingly, slantwise 
/ -waIz; -waIz/ advs in a slanting position or direction 倾斜地; 歪斜地: a picture hanging slantwise 斜挂著的画.
slap
/ slAp; slAp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn] strike (sb/sth) with the palm of the hand or with sth flat; smack 掌击（某人[某物]）; 掴; 拍: slap sb's face/sb on the face 打某人耳光 * People slapped me on the back after the fight, ie to congratulate me. 拳击比赛後大家拍拍我的背（以示祝贺）.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put (sth) somewhere with a slapping noise 啪的一声将（某物）放在某处: slapped the money on the counter 啪的一声把钱放在柜台上 * slap some paint onto a wall 劈里啪啦把浆涂在墙上 * He slapped the book down (on the table). 他把书啪的一声放在桌子上.  3 (phr v) slap sb down (infml 口) stop sb talking, making suggestions, etc in a firm, usu unpleasant, way 严厉制止某人谈话、 提建议等（通常指令人不快）: She tried to object, but the chairman slapped her down. 她想表示反对意见, 但主席喝止住了她. slap sth on sth (infml 口) add (an extra amount) to the price of sth 在某物原价上加（额外的价）: They've slapped 10p on the price of cigarettes. 他们把香烟价钱加了 10 便士.
slap 
n  1 (sound of a) blow with the palm of the hand or sth flat 掌击, 掴, 拍（的声音）: I heard a loud slap behind me. 我听到背後啪的一声. give sb a slap on the back 给某人背上一巴掌.  2 (idm 习语) slap and `tickle (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) lively cuddling, kissing, etc between lovers 情人间的热情搂抱、 接吻等: a bit of slap and tickle on the sofa 在沙发上拥抱接吻. a slap in the `face snub or insult 冷落; 侮辱: It was a bit of a slap in the face when she refused to see me. 她拒绝见我, 这简直是侮辱我.
slap (also ,slap-bang) 
adv (infml 口)  1 directly; straight 直接; 径直: The car ran slap (slap-bang) into the wall. 汽车一头撞到墙上了.  2 right; exactly 正好; 恰恰: She stood slap (slap-bang) in the middle of the path, so I couldn't get past. 她站在路的正中间, 我过不去.
slap-happy
/ 9slAp 5hApI; `slAp9hApI/ adj (infml 口) cheerfully irresponsible; carefree 马大哈的; 粗心大意的; 无忧无虑的: too slap-happy in his attitude to schoolwork（他）对功课太马大哈.
slap-up
/ 5slApQp; `slAp9Qp/ adj [attrib 作定语] (Britinfml 口) (of a meal) excellent （指饭菜）极好的: a slap-up dinner at an expensive restaurant 在高档饭馆的一顿美餐.
slapdash
/ 5slApdAF; `slAp9dAF/ adj, adv (done or doing things) in a careless and hasty way 匆促（的）: slapdash work 草率的工作 * a slapdash worker 粗心的工作者 * do one's work slapdash/in a slapdash way 工作马马虎虎.
slapstick
/ 5slApstIk; `slAp9stIk/ n [U] comedy based on simple visual jokes, eg hitting people, falling over, etc 打闹剧（多打闹等简单滑稽动作）: [attrib 作定语] slapstick comedy 打闹喜剧.
slash
/ slAF; slAF/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn, Cn.a] make a cut or cut (sth) with a sweeping stroke; strike (sb/sth) with a whip 砍（某物）; 用鞭抽（某人[某物]）: slash through the rope with a sword 用剑把绳子砍断 * The blade slashed his leg (open). 刀刃把他的腿划（破）了. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1.  2 [Tn] cut or reduce (sth) drastically 大幅度裁减或削减（某物）: slash costs, prices, numbers 大幅度地削减费用、 价格、 数目 * a government promise to slash taxes 政府大幅度减税的承诺.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make long narrow cuts in (a garment) for ornament 在（衣服）上开长缝作装饰: slashed sleeves, ie cut so that the lining or material underneath can be seen 开衩的袖子.  4 [Tn] criticize (sb/sth) harshly 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）: a government plan slashed by the press 受到新闻界猛烈抨击的政府计画.  5 (phr v) slash at sth (with sth) use a stick, sword, etc to make sweeping strokes at sth （用棍棒、 刀剑等）砍某物: slashing at the tall weeds with a stick 用棍子抽打高高的野草 * slashing wildly at his opponent with a sword 用剑疯狂地朝对手乱砍. slash one's way through, past, etc sth move through, past, etc with sweeping strokes, eg of a sword, etc 挥、 砍（如刀剑等）开路: slashing our way through the jungle with long knives （我们）在丛林中用长刀砍出一条路.
slash 
n  1 [C] (a) act of slashing 砍; 抽: a wild slash with a sword 用剑乱砍. (b) long cut or gash 长的切口或裂口. (c) slit made in a garment 衣服的衩.  2 [C] = obliquen. =>App 3 见附录3.  3 a slash [sing] (Brit sl 俚) act of urinating 撒尿: have a quick slash 很快撒泡尿.
slat
/ slAt; slAt/ n long thin narrow piece of wood, metal or plastic often made to overlap with others, eg in a Venetian blind （木、 金属或塑料的）窄而薄的长条（如百叶板）. > slatted adj: a bed with a slatted pine base 松木板板床.
slate
/ sleIt; slet/ n  1 (a) [U] type of blue-grey rock that splits easily into thin flat layers 板岩; 石板: slate-coloured, ie blue-grey 石板色（蓝灰色） * [attrib 作定语] a slate quarry 板岩采石场. (b) [C] small thin piece of this, used as a roof tile 石板瓦: [attrib 作定语] a slate roof 石板瓦屋顶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.  2 [C] small sheet of slate in a wooden frame, formerly used by school children for writing on 石板（旧时学童书写用具）.  3 [C] (US) list of candidates for nomination or election 提名的或候选人的名单: on the Democratic slate 在民主党候选人名单上.  4 (idm 习语) a clean sheet/slate => clean1. (put sth) on the `slate (infml 口) (note sth down) to be paid for later rather than when it is bought 记在帐上（以後付款）: I've no change, could you put these eggs on the slate? 我没零钱, 能把这些蛋钱记在帐上吗? wipe the slate clean => wipe.
slate 
v  1 [Tn] cover (a roof, etc) with slates 用石板瓦盖（屋顶等）.  2 (US infml 口) (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) propose sb (for an office, appointment, etc) 推举某人（任某职位等）; 提名: slated for the Presidency 被提名作总统候选人. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for...) plan that sth will happen at a specified time 预定; 定於; 安排在: a meeting slated for Thursday/to take place on Thursday 定於星期四举行的会议.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (Brit infml 口) criticize sb/sth severely, eg in a newspaper review 严厉批评某人[某事物]（如在报纸评论中）: slate a play, book, writer 猛烈抨击一话剧、 书、 作者 * The idea got slated by the committee. 这种意见遭到委员会严厉批评.
slaty 
adj of, like or containing slate(1a) 板岩的; （似）石板的; 含石板的: slaty coal 含石板成分的煤.
slattern
/ 5slAtEn; `slAtLn/ n (fml derog 文, 贬) dirty untidy woman 不整洁的女子.
slatternly 
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) (of a woman) dirty and untidy （指女子）不整洁的. 
slatternliness 
n [U].
slaughter
/ 5slR:tE(r); `slRtL/ n [U]  1 the killing of animals, esp for food 屠宰（尤指供食用）.  2 the killing of many people at once; massacre 屠杀; 杀戮: the slaughter of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的屠杀 * the slaughter on the roads, ie the killing of people in road accidents 路上车祸造成的多人死亡.  3 (infml 口) complete defeat 完全失败: the total slaughter of the home team 主队的惨败.
slaughter 
v [Tn]  1 (a) kill (an animal), usu forfood 屠宰（动物）（通常为食用）: slaughter pigs by humane methods 用人道方法杀猪. (b) kill (animals or people) in large numbers 大量屠杀（动物或人）: thousands slaughtered by the invading army 被侵略军杀害的数以千计的人.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) defeat (sb/sth) completely, esp in sport 彻底打败（某人[某物]）（尤指在体育运动中）: We slaughtered them at hockey. 我们在曲棍球赛中把他们打得一败涂地.
slaughterhouse (also abattoir) 
n place where animals are killed for food 屠宰场.
slave
/ sleIv; slev/ n  1 person who is the property of another and is forced to work for him 奴隶: treat sb like a slave 像对待奴隶一样对待某人 * [attrib 作定语] slave labour, owners 奴隶的劳动、 奴隶主.  2 ~ of/to sth person whose way of life is dominated by (a habit, an interest, etc) 生活方式受（习惯、 兴趣等）支配的人: a slave to duty, convention, drink 被职务、 习俗、 杯中物所左右的人 * a slave of fashion, ie person who wears only the latest fashions 赶穿时髦服装的人.
slave 
v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) work very hard 刻苦工作; 苦干: slaving (away) in the garden for hours 在花园苦干了数小时 * I've been slaving at the housework all day. 我整天都在干繁重的家务活儿.
slaver 
n  1 person who buys and sells slaves 奴隶贩子.  2 ship for carrying slaves 贩运奴隶的船.
slavery 
/ 5sleIvErI; `slevErI/ n [U]  1 condition of being a slave 受奴役的状态: sold into slavery 被卖为奴隶.  2 practice of having slaves 奴隶制: people working to abolish slavery 为废除奴隶制而奋斗的人们.  3 hard or poorly paid work 苦役; 报酬低的工作. Cf 参看 white slavery (white1).
slave-driver 
n  1 person in charge of slaves 监管奴隶的监工.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person who makes those under him work very hard 迫使下属拚命干活儿的人.
slave-trade (also `slave-traffic) 
n [sing] the capturing,transporting, buying and selling of people as slaves 奴隶买卖.
slaver
/ 5slAvE(r); `slAvL/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (over sth) let saliva run out of one's mouth; drool 流口水; 垂涎: slavering over a plate of spaghetti 垂涎一盘意大利面条.  2 ~ (over sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) show great eagerness, desire, etc 热望; 渴望: Stop slavering over thatbaby! 别总看著人家的孩子了! * The dealer was slaveringover some precious stones. 那商人对一些宝石垂涎欲滴.
slaver 
n [U] = saliva.
slavish
/ 5sleIvIF; `slevIF/ adj (derog 贬) lacking in independence or originality 无独立性的; 无创造性的: slavish devotion to a leader 对领导的盲目崇拜 * His style is a slavish imitation of his teacher's. 他一味模仿教师的风格, 毫无创意. 
slavishly 
adv.
slay
/ sleI; sle/ v (pt slew / slu:; slu/, pp slain / sleIn; slen/)[Tn] (fml 文 or US) kill (esp an enemy) in a violent way 杀, 残杀（尤指敌人）: soldiers slain in battle 在战斗中被杀害的士兵.
SLD
/ 9es el 5di:; 9Zs Zl `di/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) Social and Liberal Democrats 社会自由民主党.
sleazy
/ 5sli:zI; `slizI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (esp of a place) dirty and not respectable; sordid （尤指地方）肮脏的, 污秽的, 破烂的: a sleazy club, hotel, etc 肮脏的俱乐部、 旅馆等 * a rather sleazy appearance 很脏的外貌. 
sleazily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
sleaziness 
n [U].
sledge
/ sledV; slZdV/ (also esp US sled / sled; slZd/) n vehicle with long narrow strips of wood, metal, etc instead of wheels, for travelling over ice and snow (larger types being pulled by horses or dogs and smaller ones used in sport for travelling downhill fast) 雪橇; 雪车. Cf 参看 sleigh.
sledge (also esp US sled) 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (often 常作 go sledging/sledding) travel on a sledge, esp downhill for sport 乘雪橇（尤指滑坡, 作为运动）: sledging down the ski slopes 乘雪橇沿滑雪道下滑.  2 [Tn] carry (sth/sb) on a sledge 用雪橇运载（某物[某人]）: sledging supplies to remote villages 用雪橇把物资运往偏远的乡村.
sledge
/ sledV; slZdV/ (also `sledge-hammer) n large heavy hammer with a long handle, used eg for driving posts into the ground 大锤（如用於打桩者）.
sleek
/ sli:k; slik/ adj (-er, -est)  1 smooth and glossy 光滑而有光泽的: sleek hair, fur, etc 光滑而有光泽的毛发、 毛皮等.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) (of a person) looking well-fed and prosperous （指人）保养得很好的, 脑满肠肥的.  3 well-styled 时髦的: a sleek, shiny sports-car 闪闪发亮的时髦跑车.
sleek 
v [Tn] make (one's hair, a cat's fur, etc) sleek 使（毛发、 猫的毛等）光滑而发亮.
sleekly 
adv.
sleekness 
n [U].
sleep
/ sli:p; slip/ n  1 [U] condition that occurs regularly in humans and animals, esp at night, in which the eyes are closed and the muscles, nervous system, etc are relaxed 睡眠: How many hours' sleep do you need? 你需要几个小时的睡眠? * He didn't get much sleep. 他睡眠不足. * Do you ever talk in your sleep? 你睡觉说梦话吗? * send sb/get to sleep, ie (make sb) fall asleep （使某人）入睡 * sing/rock a baby to sleep, ie make the baby fall asleep by singing/rocking 唱歌[摇著]哄孩子入睡.  2 [sing] a period of sleep 睡眠时间: have a short, good, restful, etc sleep 短时间的、 良好的、 安静的...睡眠.  3 [U] (infml 口) substance that gathers in the corners of the eyes during sleep 眼眵: wash the sleep out of one's eyes 把眼眵洗掉.  4 (idm 习语) cry/sob oneself to `sleep cry/sob until one falls asleep 哭著入睡. ,go to `sleep (a) fall asleep 入睡: Go to sleep now, it's late. 快睡吧, 很晚了. (b) (infml 口) (eg of a limb) become numb through lack of movement, etc （如肢体）麻木（因 不活动等）: I've been sitting on the floor and my foot's gone to sleep. 我一直坐在地板上, 脚都麻木了. not get/have a wink of sleep => wink. not lose sleep/lose no sleep over sth => lose. put sb to `sleep make sb fall asleep, esp by using an anaesthetic 使某人入睡（尤指用麻醉剂）. put (an animal) to `sleep (euph 婉) kill (an animal) deliberately, eg because it is ill 杀死（动物）（如因病）: Stray dogs are usually put to sleep if no one claims them. 走失的狗如无人认领通常就不让它再生存了. read oneself/sb to sleep => read. sleep the sleep of the just => sleep2.
sleepless 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] without sleep 失眠的; 不眠的: pass a sleepless night 度过一个不眠之夜. 
sleeplessly 
adv. 
sleeplessness 
n [U].
sleep-walker 
n person who walks around while asleep 梦游者; 患梦行症的人. 
sleep-walking 
n [U].
sleep
/ sli:p; slip/ v (pt, pp slept / slept; slZpt/)  1 [I, Ip, In/pr] be in a state of sleep; be asleep 睡; 睡觉; 睡著: Try to sleep in spite of the noise. 尽管有喧闹声也要设法睡著. * sleep well/badly 睡得好[不好] * I got up early, but he slept on. 我起得很早, 而他还睡呢. * We slept (for) eight hours. 我们睡了八个小时. * I slept at a friend's house last night. 我昨晚睡在朋友家里.  2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] have enough beds for (a number of people) 为（某数量的人）提供床位: Our caravan sleeps six in comfort. 我们居住的拖车可舒舒服服地睡六个人. * The hotel sleeps 300 guests. 这旅馆可供三百人住宿.  3 (idm 习语) let sleeping dogs `lie (saying 谚) do not try to change a situation that could become a problem if sb interfered 别惊动睡著的狗; 别惹事生非; 别自找麻烦: We decided to let sleeping dogs lie and not take them to court. 我们决定不起诉他们, 免得惹事生非. not sleep a wink => wink. sleep like a `log/`top (infml 口) sleep soundly 睡得很熟. sleep `rough sleep out of doors wherever one can 在户外睡觉: He'd been sleeping rough for a week, in ditches and haystacks. 他在沟里和草堆里露宿了一个星期. sleep the sleep of the `just not be troubled by any guilty feeling 能睡安稳觉; 问心无愧. sleep `tight (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) sleep soundly 睡个好觉: Good night, sleep tight! 晚安, 睡个好觉!  4 (phr v) sleep around (infml 口) have sex with many partners与很多人发生性关系. sleep in (a) (US) = lie in (lie2):I get a chance to sleep in at the weekend. 我在周末才有机会睡个懒觉. (b) (esp formerly of servants) sleep at the place where one works （尤指旧时仆人）在工作处住宿: a housekeeper that sleeps in 住在雇主家里的管家. sleep sth off recover from sth by sleeping 藉睡眠恢复或复原: sleep off a bad headache, a hangover, etc 用睡眠来消除头痛、 宿醉等 * sleep it off, ie after being drunk 藉睡眠醒酒. sleep on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) not decide about sth until the next day 将（某事）留待次日再决定: Don't say now if you'll take the job: sleep on it first. 你现在先别决定接受这项工作: 考虑一天再说. sleep out (a) sleep outdoors 露宿. (b) (esp formerly of servants) not sleep at the place where one works （尤指旧时仆人）不在工作处住宿: a butler who sleeps out 不在雇主家住宿的男管家. sleep through sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) not be woken up by (eg a noise or an alarm clock) 声音（如噪声、 闹钟）吵不醒: You slept right through the thunderstorm. 你一直睡著, 这场雷雨都没把你吵醒. sleep together; sleep with sb (euph 婉) have sex with sb, esp sb to whom one is not married 与某人发生性关系（尤指并非配偶）.
sleeping-bag 
n warmly lined bag for sleeping in, esp when camping 睡袋（尤指露营用的）.
sleeping-car 
n railway coach fitted with beds or berths （铁路的）卧车.
sleeping partner (US `silent partner) 
partner who has invested capital in a business company but who does not actually work in it 不参加实际业务的股东.
sleeping-pill 
n pill containing a drug that helps sb to sleep 安眠药.
sleeping policeman 
(infml 口) bump built across a road to make drivers slow down 路埂（横设於道路上的隆起物, 可使司机减速）.
sleeping sickness 
tropical disease carried by the tsetse fly, causing sleepiness and often death 昏睡病（由采采蝇传染的热带疾病, 引起昏睡, 常造成死亡）.
sleeper
/ 5sli:pE(r); `slipL/ n  1 (with an adj 与形容词连用) person who sleeps in the specified way 睡觉（呈某种状态）的人: a good/bad sleeper 睡得好[睡不好]的人 * a heavy/light sleeper, ie one whom it is hard/easy to wake up 睡觉沉[轻]的人.  2 (US tie) beam of wood or other material on which the rails of a railway, etc are fixed 轨枕; 枕木; 道木.  3 (bed or berth in a) sleeping-car 卧车（中的卧　）.  4 (Brit) small ear-ring used to keep the hole in a pierced ear open （用以保持耳环孔不封口的）小耳环.  5 (US infml 口) play, book, person, etc that has an unexpected success, esp after being overlooked or unnoticed 未料到获得成功的剧、 书、 人等（尤指未受重视的）.
sleepy
/ 5sli:pI; `slipI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 needing or ready to go to sleep 困的; 欲睡的: feel, look sleepy 觉得、 看来困了 * That beer made me quite sleepy. 我喝了那啤酒後昏昏欲睡.  2 (of places) not very busy; without much activity （指地方）冷清的, 不热闹的: a sleepy little village 冷清的小村庄. 
sleepily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
sleepiness 
n [U].
sleet
/ sli:t; slit/ n [U] falling snow or hail mixed with rain 雨夹雪或雹: showers of sleet 阵阵的雨夹雪. 
sleet 
v [I] (used with it, usu in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 通常用於进行时态): It is sleeting, ie Sleet is falling. 下著雨夹雪. sleety adj: sleety rain 夹有冰雹的雨.
sleeve
/ sli:v; sliv/ n  1 part of a garment that covers all or part of the arm 袖子: roll up the sleeves of one's shirt/one's shirt-sleeves 卷起衬衫的袖子 * a dress with short/long sleeves 短[长]袖的连衣裙. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图.  2 tube that encloses a rod, cable, etc （杆、 缆绳等的）套管, 套筒: a metal cable inside a plastic sleeve 套著塑料管的金属电缆.  3 (US jacket) stiff envelope for a gramophone record 唱片套: [attrib 作定语] a sleeve design 唱片套设计 * sleeve notes, ie notes about composers, performers, etc on a sleeve 唱片套上的介绍（关於作曲者、 演奏者等的）.  4 (idm 习语) an ace up one's sleeve => ace. a card up one's sleeve => card1. laugh up one's sleeve => laugh. roll up one's sleeves => roll2. a trick up one's sleeve => trick. (have sth) up one's sleeve kept secret for use when needed 暗藏以备不时之需: Have you any ideas up your sleeve if our money runs out? 要是我们钱用光了你有什麽锦囊妙计? wear one's heart on one's sleeve => wear2.
-sleeved 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having sleeves of the specified type 有某种样式袖子的: a long-, short-, loose-sleeved shirt.
sleeveless 
adj without sleeves 无袖的.
sleigh
/ sleI; sle/ n [attrib 作定语] sledge, esp one drawn by a horse 雪橇（尤指马拉的）: [attrib 作定语] a sleigh ride 乘雪橇.
sleigh 
v [I, Ipr] travel on a sleigh 乘雪橇: go sleighing 坐雪橇 * sleigh over to the village 乘雪橇去那个村庄.
sleight
/ slaIt; slaIt/ n (idm 习语) ,sleight of `hand great skill in using the hands in performing conjuring tricks, etc （变戏法等的）巧妙的手法: (fig 比喻) The company accounts show a little financial sleight of hand. 公司帐目显示在财务上耍了一点手腕.
slender
/ 5slendE(r); `slZndL/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (approv 褒) (a) not very wide but comparatively long or high 细长的; 纤细的: slender fingers 纤细的手指 * a slender waist 细腰 * a wineglass with a slender stem 高脚杯. (b) (of people) slim （指人）瘦长的, 苗条的: a slender girl, figure 苗条的女孩、 身段 * a slender, graceful ballet-dancer 苗条而动作优美的芭蕾舞演员. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin.  2 small in amount or size; inadequate; scanty 微薄的; 不足的; 微少的: a slender income 微薄的收入 * people of slender means, ie with little money 贫穷的人们 * win by a slender margin 险胜. 
slenderly 
adv. 
slenderness 
n [U].
slept
pt, pp of sleep2.
sleuth
/ slu:W; sluW/ n (infml joc 口, 谑) detective 侦探.
sleuth 
v [I] (infml joc 口, 谑) do detective work 侦查: I had to go out sleuthing to find your address. 我得出去侦查一番才找到你的住址.
slew
pt of slay.
slew (US also slue) 
/ slu:; slu/ v [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) round (cause sth to) turn, esp very fast in a new direction; swing （使某物）转动（尤指沿新方向急转）; 旋转: The car slewed round on the icy road. 汽车在结冰的路上打滑了. * The driver slewed the crane round. 司机把吊车转了过来.
slew
/ slu:; slu/ n [sing] ~ of sth (US infml 口) great amount of sth 大量; 许多: a whole slew of problems 一大堆问题.
slice
/ slaIs; slaIs/ n  1 thin wide flat piece cut off an item of food （从食物上切下的）薄片: a slice of meat, cake, cheese, etc 一片肉、 蛋糕、 乾酪等 * slices of beef between slices of fresh bread 夹在新鲜面包片之间的牛肉片.  2 (infml 口) portion; share 部分; 份儿: get a slice of the profit 得到一份利润 * She takes a large slice of the credit for our success. 她把我们做成的事大部分算作她的功劳.  3 utensil with a broad flat blade for cutting, serving or lifting food, eg cooked fish or fried eggs （切片、 上菜或铲起食物用的）刀, 铲子.  4 (eg in golf) poor stroke that makes the ball spin off in the wrong direction, ie to the right of a right-handed player （如高尔夫球中）（因击偏而成的）同侧旋转球（如右手击球者将球击成右旋球）. Cf 参看 pull2 11.  5 (idm 习语) get, etc a slice/share of the cake => cake. a piece/slice of the action => action.
slice 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cut sth into slices 将某物切成薄片: slice the meat, loaf, etc (up) 把肉、 面包等切成薄片 * a sliced loaf 切片的面包.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.pr] ~ sth off/from sth; ~ sth off cut sth from a larger piece 将某物切下: slice a piece off (the meat) 切下一片（肉） * slice a thin wedge from the cake 从蛋糕上切下一角 * Slice me a piece of bread/a piece of bread for me. 给我切一片面包.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ through/into sth cut cleanly or easily through sth （乾净利落地）切, 割: The axe sliced through the wood. 斧头一下子把木头劈开了. * The falling slate sliced into his arm. 落下来的一块石片划破了他的手臂. * The bows of the ship sliced the water. 船头划开水面前进.  4 [Tn] (eg in golf) strike (a ball) with a slice(4) （如在高尔夫球中）将（球）击成同侧旋转球.
slick
/ slIk; slIk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 done smoothly and efficiently, apparently without effort 顺利而有效的; 不费力的: a slick translation 流畅的译文 * a slick take-over 顺利的接管 * gave a slick excuse for staying away 为未前来找了一个巧妙的藉口.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) (of people) doing things in a slick(1) way （指人）圆滑的, 油滑的: a slick performer, salesperson, negotiator, etc 圆滑的表演者、 推销员、 谈判者等 * She's very slick, but I don't believe a word she says. 她很伶俐, 但她的话我一句也不信.  3 smooth and slippery 光滑的: The roads were slick with wet mud. 道路上有泥十分滑.
slick 
n (also `oil slick) thick patch of oil floating on the sea (esp from an oil-tanker after a collision) 海面浮油（尤指从撞毁的油轮中流出的）.
slick 
v (phr v) slick sth down flatten (hair), using eg hair-oil 使（头发）平滑（如用发油）: curls slicked down with grease 加润发脂梳平的鬈发.
slicker 
n  1 (infml 口 esp US) slick(2) person 圆滑的人: a city slicker, ie slick by comparison with a person from the country 油头滑脑的城里人.  2 (US) long loose waterproof coat （长而宽松的）雨衣.
slide
/ slaId; slaId/ n  1 [sing] act of sliding 滑; 滑行: have a slide on the ice 在冰上滑行.  2 [C] smooth stretch of ice, hard snow, etc used esp by children on sledges （冰、 压实的雪等的）滑面（尤为儿童用以乘雪橇的）.  3 [C] smooth slope, track or chute down which goods can slide or on which children can play at sliding （运送货物用的）滑坡、 滑道或滑槽; （儿童游戏用的）滑梯.  4 [C] (a) picture, diagram, etc on photographic film, usu held in a small frame and shown on a screen using a projector; transparency 幻灯片（有框的透明软片）. (b) (formerly) such a picture on a glass plate （旧时）幻灯片（玻璃的）.  5 [C] glass plate on which sth is placed so that it can be looked at under a microscope （显微镜的）载片.  6 [C] part of a machine, etc that slides, eg the U-shaped part of a trombone （机器等的）滑动部件（如长号上的U形管）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.7 [C] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) sudden fall of a mass of earth, mud, etc （土、 泥等的）突然崩落: a `landslide * a `mudslide.  8 [C] = hair-slide (hair).
slide
/ slaId; slaId/ v (pt, pp slid / slId; slId/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] (cause sth to) move smoothly along an even, polished or slippery surface （使某物）滑动: I was sliding (about) helplessly (on the ice). 我（在冰上）身不由己地滑起来了. * The ship slid (down) into the water. 船滑入水中. * The drawers slide in and out easily. 这些抽屉很容易推进拉出. * We slid down the grassy slope. 我们顺著草坡滑下去. * I slid the rug in front of the fire. 我挪了挪铺在炉前的地毯. * Can the car seat be slid forward a little? 汽车的座位能向前挪一点吗? * She slid the door open. 她把门推开.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move quietly or so as not to be noticed （使某物）悄悄地或偷偷地移动: The thief slid out (of the door) while no one was looking. 小偷乘没人注意时溜了出去. * She slid a coin into his hand. 她把一枚硬币偷偷塞进他的手里. * He lifted the mat and slid the key under (it). 他掀起垫子把钥匙悄悄放在下面.  3 [I] (eg of prices) fall gradually （如指价格）逐渐降低: House values may begin to slide. 房价可能开始逐渐下降了.  4 (idm 习语) let sth `slide (infml 口) allow sth to become neglected, less organized, etc 放任某事; 听其自然: She got depressed and began to let things slide. 她情绪低落, 一切都听之任之.  5 (phr v) slide into sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) gradually pass into (a certain, usu bad, condition) 慢慢进入（某状态, 通常指坏的）: slide into bad habits, debt 逐渐染上了坏习惯、 背上了债 * We mustn't slide into complacency. 我们决不可产生自满情绪. slide over sth avoid dealing with (a topic, etc) in detail 避免深入涉及（某问题等）: She discussed sales, but slid over the problem of how to increase production. 她谈论了销售情况, 却对增加生产的问题一带而过.
slide-rule 
n ruler with a strip sliding in a groove in the middle, marked with logarithmic scales for making rapid calculations 滑尺; 计算尺.
sliding door 
door that slides on runners and is drawn across an opening 滑门; 拉门.
sliding scale 
scale that relates two things, so that they each increase or decrease together 滑动费率, 滑动折算制（相关的两项目相应增减制）: Fees are calculated on a sliding scale according to income, ie Richer people pay more. 这种费用是根据收入高低滑动折算的（富人多付钱）
slight
/ slaIt; slaIt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not serious or important; small 不严重的; 不重要的; 微小的; 轻微的: a slight slip, error, change, improvement 些微的失误、 错误、 变化、 改进 * a slight headache 轻微的头痛 * The differences between the pictures are very slight. 这两幅画差别很小. * do sth without the slightest difficulty, ie with no difficulty at all 毫无困难地做某事 * She takes offence at the slightest thing, ie is very easily offended. 她动不动就生气. * Compared to his early work, this is a rather slight novel, ie not a major one. 这部小说与他早期作品相比, 不甚重要.  2 not thick and strong; frail; slender 不粗壮的; 脆弱的; 细长的: a slight figure, girl 苗条的身材、 女孩 * supported by a slight framework 由纤细的骨架支撑的.  3 (idm 习语) not in the `slightest not at all 毫不; 一点也不: You didn't embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难.
slightly 
adv  1 to a slight(1) degree 轻微地; 稍稍: a slightly bigger house 稍大些的房子 * The patient is slightly better today. 病人今天稍稍好些. * I know her slightly. 我对她稍有了解.  2 slenderly 细长; 苗条; 微小: a slightly-built child 瘦高的孩子.
slightness 
n [U].
slight
/ slaIt; slaIt/ v [Tn] treat (sb) without proper respect or courtesy; snub 怠慢（某人）; 冷落: a slighting remark 怠慢的话 * She felt slighted because no one spoke to her. 没人跟她说话, 她觉得受到冷落.
slight 
n ~ (to/on sb/sth) act, remark, etc that offends sb 冒犯他人的行为、 言语等; 蔑视; 侮辱: My remark was not meant as a slight on you. 我的话并没有冒犯你的意思. * She suffered many slights from colleagues. 她多次遭到同事侮慢.
slightingly 
adv.
slim
/ slIm; slIm/ adj (-mmer, -mmest)  1 (approv 褒) not fat or thick; slender 纤细的; 修长的; 苗条的: a slim person, figure, waist 瘦高的人、 苗条的身材、 纤细的腰 * I'm trying to get slim. 我想要瘦一些. * a slim pocket-book 小巧的笔记本. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin.  2 not as big as one would like or expect; small 不够大的; 小的: slim hopes/chances/prospects of success 成功的希望[机会/可能性]不大 * condemned on the slimmest of evidence 根据微不足道的证据被判罪.
slim 
v (-mm-)  1 [I, Ip] ~ (down) eat less, take exercise, etc in order to lose weight and become slim （藉节食、 运动等）减轻体重使体形苗条: trying to get fit and slim (down) 努力使身体健康、 体形苗条.  2 (phr v) slim sth down reduce sth in size or scale 缩小某事物的大小或规模: slim down the factory's work-force 缩减工厂劳力.
slimly 
adv: a slimly-built person 身材苗条的人.
slimmer 
n person who is slimming 减轻体重的人: a slimmers' magazine, ie one that gives advice on how to slim 健美杂志.
slimness 
n [U].
slime
/ slaIm; slaIm/ n [U]  1 thick soft slippery liquid substance, esp mud 稠、 软而滑的液态物质; （尤指）泥浆: There was a coating of slime on the unwashed sink. 未刷洗的水涤槽上有一层污垢.  2 sticky liquid produced by snails, slugs, etc （蜗牛、 蛞蝓等的）黏液: a trail of slime 蜗牛的黏液痕迹.
slimy 
/ 5slaImI; `slaImI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of, like or covered with slime （似）泥浆的; 有泥浆的: slip on the slimy steps 在有泥浆的台阶上滑倒.  2 (infml 口) disgustingly dishonest, flattering, hypocritical, etc 奸诈的; 谄媚的; 虚伪的: You slimy little creep! 你这个卑鄙无耻的小人! 
sliminess 
n [U].
sling
/ slIN; slIN/ n  1 bandage, tied over one shoulder or round the neck, used to support a broken arm, wrist, etc 悬带（用以固定断臂、 腕等的）: have one's arm in a sling 用悬带吊著手臂.  2 length of rope, strap, chain, etc looped round an object (eg a barrel) to support or lift it 吊具, 吊索, 吊链（用以悬挂或提起物体, 如圆桶的）.  3 strap held in a loop, used for throwing stones, etc 投石器.
sling 
v (pt, pp slung / slQN; slQN/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) throw (sb/sth) with great force 用力投掷（某人[某物]）: slinging stones at birds 投石击鸟 * She slung her coat angrily into the car. 她愤怒地把大衣扔进汽车里. * He was slung out (of the club) for fighting. 他因打架被人（从俱乐部）驱逐出去.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or support (sth) so that it can hang loosely 悬或挂（某物）: sling a hammock between two tree-trunks 把吊床悬在两树干间 * with her bag slung over her shoulder 她的包挂在肩上.  3 (idm 习语) fling/sling/throw mud => mud. sling one's `hook (Brit sl 俚) go away 走开; 滚蛋.
sling-shot 
n (US) = catapult.
slink
/ slINk; slINk/ v (pt, pp slunk / slQNk; slQNk/) [Ipr, Ip]  1 move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seen 鬼鬼祟祟地移动; 溜走: The thief slunk down the dark alley. 那个贼偷偷钻进黑胡同里. * The dog slunk out when I shouted at him. 我向那条狗一喊, 它就溜出去了. =>Usage at prowl 用法见 prowl.  2 move in a seductive way 扭捏招摇地走: slinking around in a tight black dress 穿著黑色紧身连衣裙媚态十足地走来走去.
slinky
/ 5slINkI; `slINkI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (esp of a woman) moving in a seductive way （尤指女子）扭捏招摇地移动: her slinky way of dancing 她迷人的舞姿.  2 (of clothes) clinging to the curves of the body （指衣服）紧身显出身体线条的: a slinky night-dress 显出优美身段的睡衣. 
slinkiness 
n [U].
slip
/ slIp; slIp/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of slipping; false step 滑动; 滑倒; 失足: One slip and you could fall off the cliff. 脚下一滑就可能从悬崖上跌下去.  2 [C] minor error caused by carelessness or lack of attention 小错误; 小疏忽: make a slip 失误 * There were a few trivial slips in the translation. 译文中有几个小错误.  3 [C] (a) loose sleeveless garment worn under a dress; petticoat （有肩带的）衬裙. (b) = gym-slip (gym).  4 [C] = pillowcase (pillow).  5 [C] thin or small piece of paper 纸条: a salary slip, ie giving details of earnings, tax paid, etc 薪金单（列有收入、 税款等细节） * write a phone number on a slip of paper 把电话号码写在纸条上.  6 [C] cutting1(2) taken from a plant for grafting or planting 接穗或插条（嫁接或种植用的）.  7 the slips [pl] = slipway (slip2).  8 (a) [C] (in cricket) (position of a) fielder standing close behind and usu to the off side of the batsman （板球赛中）通常位於击球员右後方的外场员（的位置）: first/second/third slip 第一[第二/第三]外场员 * Who is (at) first slip? 谁在第一外场员位置? (b) the slips [pl] place where these fielders stand 上述外场员的守球区: fielding in the slips 在击球员右後方的位置守球.  9 [U] almost liquid clay for coating earthenware or making patterns on it 泥釉（涂於陶器上作表层或图样的）.  10 (idm 习语) give sb the `slip (infml 口) escape from or get away from (sb following or chasing one) 摆脱或避开（尾随者或追逐者）: We managed to give our pursuers the slip. 我们设法甩掉了後面追来的人. a `slip of a boy, girl, thing, child, etc a slightly-built boy, etc 瘦削的男孩等: She's just a slip of a thing, but she can run faster than all of us. 别看她那麽瘦, 跑起来比我们谁都快. a slip of the `pen/`tongue minor error in writing/speech 笔误[口误]: A slip of the tongue made me say Robert instead of Richard. 我说走了嘴把理查德说成了罗伯特. there's ,many a ,slip 'twixt (the) ,cup and (the) `lip (saying 谚) things can easily go wrong before one gets what one wants, expects, hopes for, etc 事情往往会功败垂成: They think they'll win the election easily, but there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip. 他们以为能在选举中轻易取胜, 但事情往往会功败垂成.
slip
/ slIp; slIp/ v (-pp-)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (over) (onsth) (of a person, an animal, a car, etc) slide accidentally; lose one's balance and fall or nearly fall in this way （指人、 动物、 汽车等）意外滑动, 失去平衡跌倒或险些跌倒: The climber's foot slipped, and she fell. 那个攀登的女子脚下一滑就摔倒了. * She slipped (over) (on the ice) and broke her leg. 她（在冰上）滑了一跤把腿摔断了. * The van slipped (a few feet) down the embankment. 那客货车沿堤坝向下滑动了（几英尺）. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an object) slide accidentally out of its proper position （指物体）意外滑离原位: The lorry turned and its load slipped. 卡车转弯时车上货物滑离了原位. * The razor slipped and cut my cheek. 剃刀一滑把我脸给割破了. * The straps keep slipping off (my shoulders). 吊带老是（从我肩上）滑下来. (c) [Ipr, Ip] move smoothly and easily in a particular direction 沿某方向顺畅而容易地移动: The ship slipped through the water. 船在水上平稳地航行. * I slipped along the bench next to her. 我沿长　一下子滑到她的旁边. * This wine slips down easily, ie is pleasant to drink. 这种葡萄酒很好喝.  2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] go somewhere quietly or quickly, eg in order not to be noticed, or without being noticed 悄悄或匆匆到某处（如以免受注意或无人注意到）: The thief slipped out (by the back door). 那个贼偷偷（从後门）溜出去了. * We slipped away to Paris for the weekend. 我们赶到巴黎去度周末. * The ship slipped into the harbour at night. 那艘船夜里悄悄开进了港口. * (fig 比喻) Errors have slipped into the book. 书中有些错误. * (fig 比喻) The years slipped by. 岁月在不知不觉中逝去. * (fig 比喻) We've slipped behind schedule. 我们无形中已落後於预定计画. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) put sth somewhere, often quietly or secretly 将某物放在某处（常指悄悄地或偷偷地）: slip an envelope into one's pocket 把信封悄悄塞进口袋 * I slipped a few jokes into the speech. 我在讲话中巧妙地加了几句笑话. * She opened the letter-box and slipped a newspaper through. 她打开信箱把报纸塞了进去. * Slip the waiter a tip. 悄悄给服务员一点小费. * I tried to slip the note to him while the teacher wasn't looking. 我想趁老师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他.  3 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from/out of/through sth; ~ out/through fall, get away, escape, etc by being difficult to hold, or by not being held firmly 滑落; 滑脱; 逃走: The fish slipped out of my hand. 鱼从我手中滑走了. * He caught the ball, then it slipped through his fingers. 那球他已接住却又从手中滑脱了. * The mouse slipped quickly from the cat's claws. 老鼠很快从猫爪下逃走了. * (fig 比喻) I didn't mean to say that: it just slipped out. 我本不想说, 只是无意中漏了出来.  4 [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ into/out of sth; ~ sth over/round sth; ~ sth on/off put (a coat, one's shoes, etc) on/off, esp quickly and easily 穿上[脱去]（大衣、 鞋等）（尤指迅速且容易地）: slip into/out of a dress 一下子穿上[脱下]连衣裙 * slip a shawl round one's shoulders 很快披上披肩.  5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from/off sth) detach or release sth 放开, 释放（某物）: slip a dog from its leash 松开皮带把狗放开 * slip the rope off the hook 解开钩上的绳索 * slip a stitch, ie (in knitting) move a stitch from one needle to another without knitting it 漏针（编织时）. (b) [Tn] get free from (sth); escape from 逃离（某处）; 逃脱; 挣脱: The ship slipped its moorings. 那船漂离了系船处. * The dog slipped its collar. 狗挣脱开了项圈. * (fig 比喻) That point slipped my attention. 那一点我疏忽了. * It had slipped my mind/memory that you were arriving today. 我把你今天抵达的事忘记了.  6 (idm 习语) be `slipping (infml 口) not be as good, alert, strong, etc as usual 不如平时好、 机警、 强壮等: I've forgotten your name again  I must be slipping. 我又把你的名字给忘了--我肯定是不行了. let sth slip (a) miss or not take advantage of (an opportunity, etc) 错过或放过（机会等）: She let slip a chance to work abroad. 她错过了出国工作的机会. (b) accidentally reveal (a secret, etc); say sth casually 偶然泄露（秘密等）; 无意中说出（某事）: She let slip that she had not paid her tax. 她偶然说出她还没交税呢. * I let it slip that I was expecting a baby. 我无意中透露了我已怀孕了. slip `anchor (of a ship) become detached from the ropes on the anchor （指船）脱离锚索, 弃锚. slip a `disc suffer from a slipped disc 椎间盘突出. slip through sb's `fingers (esp of an opportunity) be missed by sb （尤指机会）被错过: We let the last chance of escape slip through our fingers. 我们错过了最後一次逃走的机会.  7 (phr v) slip up (on sth) (infml 口) make a careless mistake 疏忽; 出差错: I slipped up and gave you the wrong phone number. 我粗心大意给错了你电话号码. * I slipped up on the date. 我把日期弄错了.
slippage 
/ 5slIpIdV; `slIpIdV/ n [U]  1 reduction in values, prices, etc （价值、 价格等的）降低, 下降.  2 failure to keep to a schedule or target （对计画或指标的）延误: production delays due to slippage 因未能执行规定计画而造成的生产延误.
slip-case 
n (usu cardboard) case for a book （通常指用硬厚纸板做的）书套.
slip-cover 
n removable cover for a piece of furniture 家具套.
slip-knot 
n  1 knot that can slip easily along the rope on which it is tied, to tighten or loosen the loop 滑结（可沿绳滑动改变松紧者）.  2 knot that can be undone by pulling one end of a rope 活结（拉绳的一端可解开者）.
slip-on 
n, adj [attrib 作定语] (garment or shoe) made to be slipped on without fastening buttons, etc （服装或鞋）便於穿上或脱下的（不用系扣等的）.
slip-over 
n, adj (garment) made to be slipped easily over the head （服装）套头的.
slipped disc 
disc between the vertebrae that has moved out of place and causes pain 突出的椎间盘.
slip-road 
n (US `access road) road used for driving onto or off a motorway （连接高速公路的）岔道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.
slip-stream 
n  1 stream of air behind a moving object, eg a racing-car 滑流（移动物体的後向气流, 如赛车的）.  2 stream of air thrust back by an aircraft's engines 尾流（飞机发动机的後向气流）.
slip-up 
n (infml 口) mistake 错误; 疏忽; 失误: Leaving his name off the list was a bad slip-up. 名单上没有他的名字是个严重的疏忽.
slipway 
[C] (also the slips [pl]) n sloping track of stone or timber leading down to the water, on which ships are built or pulled up out of the water for repairs 船台（造船或修船用的）.
slipper
/ 5slIpE(r); `slIpL/ n loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house （室内用的）便鞋, 拖鞋: a pair of slippers 一双拖鞋.
slippered 
adj wearing slippers 穿拖鞋的.
slippery
/ 5slIpErI; `slIpErI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a surface) difficult to hold, stand on or move on without slipping because it is smooth, wet, polished, etc （指物体表面）光滑的, 滑的: a slippery road, floor, etc 滑的路面、 地板等 * Ice made the path slippery underfoot. 路上结了冰, 走起来很滑.  2 (infml 口) (of a person) not to be trusted; unreliable （指人）狡猾的, 不可靠的: a slippery salesman 油嘴滑舌的推销员 * She's as slippery as an eel. 她像狐狸一样狡猾.  3 (infml 口) (of a situation, topic, problem, etc) difficult to deal with （指形势、 话题、 问题等）难处理的, 棘手的: the rather slippery subject of race relations 相当棘手的种族关系问题 * be on slippery ground, ie be dealing with a subject that needs tact, care, etc 处於难以处理的局面.  4 (idm 习语) the slippery `slope (infml 口) course of action that can easily lead to disaster, failure, etc 易导致失败、 灾难等的情况: A one-party state can be the start of the slippery slope towards fascism. 一党专政有可能是滑向法西斯主义的起点. 
slipperiness 
n [U].
slippy
/ 5slIpI; `slIpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 slippery 光滑的; 滑的; 狡猾的; 棘手的.  2 (dated 旧Brit) quick (used esp in the expressions shown) 快（尤用於以下示例）: Be slippy about it! 快一点! * Look slippy! ie Hurry up! 赶快!
slipshod
/ 5slIpFCd; `slIp9FBd/ adj not done or not doing things carefully; careless 不认真的; 粗心的: slipshod work 不经心做的工作 * a slipshod style 散漫的作风 * a slipshod worker, writer, etc 马虎的工人、 作者等 * You're too slipshod about your presentation. 你表达得太不认真.
slit
/ slIt; slIt/ n long narrow cut, tear or opening 狭长的切口; 裂缝; 开口: the slit of the letter-box, ie through which letters are put 信箱的投信口 * eyes like slits 细长的眼睛 * a long slit in her skirt 她裙上细长的开口. Cf 参看 slot.
slit 
v (-tt-; pt, pp slit) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] make a slit in (sth) by cutting; open (sth) by slitting 切开, 裂开（某物）; 在（某物）上开缝: slit sb's throat 切开某人的喉咙 * a jacket slit up the back 在背部有开缝褶的外衣 * slit cloth into strips 把布撕成细条 * slit an envelope open 拆开信封.
slither
/ 5slITE(r); `slITL/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] slide or slip unsteadily 摇晃不稳地滑动或滑行: slithering dangerously (on the muddy path) （在泥泞的路上）危险地滑行 * slither down an icy slope 摇晃著沿结冰的斜坡滑下 * slithering around in the mud 在泥中滑动著 * The snake slithered off (into the grass) as we approached. 那蛇在我们走近时扭动身体钻进草丛中去了.
slithery 
adj slippery 光滑的; 滑的.
sliver
/ 5slIvE(r); `slIvL/ n long thin piece of sth cut or broken off from a larger piece; splinter （切割或断裂下来的）薄长条, 碎片: slivers of wood, glass, metal, etc 木头、 玻璃、 金属等的碎片 * Cut me just a small sliver of cheese. 给我切一小片乾酪吧.
sliver 
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into slivers or break off as a sliver; splinter （使某物）破碎或断裂成碎片: The glass slivered when it fell. 玻璃杯掉在地上摔碎了.
slob
/ slCb; slBb/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) slovenly, untidy, lazy or ill-mannered person 肮脏、 不修边幅、 懒惰或粗鲁的人: Get out of bed, you idle slob! 快起来, 你这懒虫!
slobber
/ 5slCbE(r); `slBbL/ v  1 [I] let saliva fall from the mouth; drool 流口水; 流涎: a slobbering baby 流著口水的小孩儿.  2 (phr v) slobber over sb/sth (infml derog 口, 贬) show one's affection for sb/sth too openly so that it embarrasses other people 露骨地对某人[某事物]示爱（以致使人难为情）: slobbering all over her boyfriend 对男朋友肉麻地示爱.
slobber 
n [U] (infml 口) saliva 口水.
slobbery 
/ -ErI; -ErI/ adj: slobbery kisses 多口水的接吻.
sloe
/ slEU; slo/ n  1 small, bluish-back, very bitter wild plum, fruit of the blackthorn bush 黑刺李（果）.  2 the blackthorn bush itself 黑刺李（树）.
sloe-gin 
n [U] liqueur made from sloes steeped in gin 黑刺李杜松子酒.
slog
/ slCg; slB^/ (also slug) v (-gg-)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sth/sb) hard 猛击（某物[某人]）: slog (at) the ball 猛击球 * slogging one's opponent (all around the ring), eg in boxing （围著拳击台）猛击对手（如拳击赛中） * slog the ball over the boundary 把球击过边线.  2 (idm 习语) slog/sweat one's guts out => gut. slog it out (infml 口) fight or struggle until a conclusion is reached 斗出个胜负: two boxers slogging it out 要斗出个胜败的两个拳击手 * The party leaders are slogging it out in a TV debate. 政党领袖在电视辩论中一决雌雄.  3 (phr v) slog (away) at sth (infml 口) work hard and steadily at sth 勤劳而塌实的工作: slogging away at my accounts 勤勤恳恳地管理著我的帐目. slog down, up, along, etc walk steadily, often with difficulty, in the direction specified 稳步地沿某方向走（常指艰难地）: slog up (the hill) in the dark 在黑暗中吃力地向（山）上 走 * slogging through the snow 　著雪走. slog through sth (infml 口) work hard and steadily to complete sth 勤劳而塌实地工作以完成某事: slog through a pile of marking 埋头判一批试卷.
slog (also slug) 
n (infml 口)  1 hard stroke, eg in cricket 猛击（如板球赛中）.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) period of hard work or walking 艰难的工作或行走期间: Marking the exam papers was quite a slog. 评阅试卷是很辛苦的工作. * It's a long hard slog up the mountain. 上山的这段路很难走.
slogger 
n (infml 口)  1 person who slogs, eg at cricket 猛击者（如板球赛中）.  2 hard worker 勤劳的工作者.
slogan
/ 5slEUgEn; `slo^En/ n word or phrase that is easy to remember, used as a motto eg by a political party, or in advertising 标语; 口号: political slogans 政治标语 * `Power to the people' is their slogan. ｀一切权力归人民＇是他们的口号.
sloop
/ slu:p; slup/ n small ship with one mast and sails pointing forward and aft 单桅纵帆船.
slop
/ slCp; slBp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Ipr, Ip] (of liquids) spill over the edge, esp of a container （指液体）溢出, 泼出（尤指从容器中）: I dropped the bucket, and water slopped out (of it). 我把桶掉在地上, 水都洒了出来. * The tea slopped (over) into the saucer. 茶溢出流到茶托里了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sth) to spill 使（某物）溢出或泼出: slop the beer, paint, etc carelessly (all over the floor) 不小心把啤酒、 油漆等洒了一地 * She slopped the dirty water (out) onto the grass. 她把污水泼在草地上了.  3 (phr v) slop about/around (of liquids) move around in a small space, esp a container （指液体）晃荡（尤指在容器里）: Water was slopping around in the bottom of the boat. 水在船底晃晃荡荡的. slop about/around (in sth) (of people) splash around （指人）用手或脚溅水: Why do some children like slopping around in puddles? 为什麽有些儿童爱在水坑里泼水玩? slop out empty slops (slop n 1, 2) 倒污水; 倒（尿桶、 便盆等）.
slop 
n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 dirty waste water from sinks, baths, etc （洗涤槽、 浴缸等的）污水.  2 urine, excrement and waste water contained in a bucket in prison cells that have no toilet or sink （在无　生设备的牢房里用便桶盛的）粪便与废水: [attrib 作定语] a `slop-bucket 便桶.  3 (a) swill for pigs （喂猪的）剩菜屑. (b) liquid food (eg milk, soup) esp for sick people 流质食物（如牛奶、 汤等, 尤指供病人食用的）.
slope
/ slEUp; slop/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) slanting line; surface that is at an angle of less than 90 to the earth's surface or a flat surface 斜线; 斜面; 倾斜: the slope of a roof 屋顶的斜面 * a 40 slope  40的斜线 *a slight/steep slope 稍稍的[很陡的]倾斜.  2 area of rising or falling ground 斜坡: mountain slopes 山坡 * ski slopes 滑雪斜坡.  3 (idm 习语) the slippery slope => slippery.
slope 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] have a slope; slant 有坡度; 倾斜: a garden sloping gently towards the river 向河边稍稍倾斜的花园 * The field slopes (away) to the east. 这片田地向东倾斜. * Does your handwriting slope forwards or backwards? 你写的字是向前斜还是向後斜?  2 (phr v) slope off (Brit infml 口) go away, esp without being noticed, in order to avoid doing work, etc 走开（尤指溜走以逃避工作等）.
sloppy
/ 5slCpI; `slBpI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (infml 口) (a) (of a person) careless and untidy in dress, or in the wayhe does things （指人）衣著不整的, 做事马虎的: a sloppyworker, writer, etc 做事马虎的工人、 作者等 * look sloppy 看上去不整洁. (b) done in a careless and untidy way 草率的; 粗心的: sloppy typing 粗心大意打出的字 * a sloppy repair 马虎的修理工作.  2 (infml 口) foolishly sentimental 庸俗伤感的: sloppy sentiment 庸俗伤感的情调 * I hate sloppy romantic films. 我讨厌那些庸俗伤感的爱情片.  3 (derog 贬) (a) covered with spilled water, etc 溅满水等的: a sloppy counter, floor 溅满水的柜台、 地板. (b) too liquid 太稀的: sloppy porridge 很稀的麦片粥.
sloppily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv (infml 口) in a sloppy(1, 2) way 衣著不整; 草率; 庸俗伤感: sloppily dressed 衣著邋遢 * talking sloppily about love 庸俗伤感地谈论著爱情.
sloppiness 
n [U].
slosh
/ slCF; slBF/ v  1 (infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around) (of liquid) move around noisily, eg in a bucket （指液体）晃动作响（如在桶内）: water sloshing against the sides of the bath 溅著浴缸内侧的水 * Milk sloshed around in the flask. 牛奶在瓶里晃荡作响. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (liquid) to move noisily; splash 使（液体）晃动作响; 泼; 溅: slosh the whitewash all over the floor 把粉刷涂料溅了一地板 * sloshing the water around in the pail 搅动桶里的水.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (Brit sl 俚) hit (sb) 打, 击（某人）: slosh sb on the chin 打在某人的下颌上.  3 (phr v) slosh about/around (in sth) move around noisily in sth liquid 在液体中移动作响: children sloshing about in puddles 在水坑里溅水玩的儿童. slosh sth onto sth put (paint, etc) on in a careless way 随便涂、 抹、 洒或泼（颜料等）: sloshing whitewash on the wall 把粉刷涂料泼在墙上. =>Usage at spray2 用法见 spray2.
sloshed 
adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚 esp Brit) drunk 醉.
slot
/ slCt; slBt/ n  1 narrow opening through which sth can be put （可投入东西的）窄孔: put a 10p coin in the slot 把一枚 10 便士的硬币投入孔中.  2 slit, groove or channel into which sth fits or along which sth slides （用以安装某物或供某物滑动的）沟, 槽, 滑道: a slot on a dashboard for a car radio 汽车仪表板上的收音机的插口 * The curtain hooks run along a slot in the curtain rail. 窗帘的吊钩可沿轨槽滑动.  3 position for sb/sth, eg in a series of broadcasts, a lecture course, etc 为某人[某事物]安排的位置或时间（如在一系列广播、 讲座等中）: find a slot for a talk on the economy 为经济问题演讲安排时间.
slot 
v (-tt-)  1 [Tn] make a slot or slots in (sth) 在（某物）中开缺口、 狭缝、 沟、 槽等.  2 (phr v) slot (sth/sb) in, into, through, etc (cause sth/sb to) move in, into, through, etc a slot(2, 3) （使某事物[某人]）插入或置於某位置: The bolt slotted smoothly into place. 插销很容易就插上了. * slot the edge of the panel into the groove 把嵌板的边插进槽里 * Slot this disk in. 把这张盘放进去. * Can we slot her into a job in the sales department? 我们能把她安排在销售部工作吗?
slot-machine 
n machine with a slot for coins, used for gambling, or selling cigarettes, bars of chocolate, etc 投币机（设有投币孔, 可用於赌博、 售香烟、 巧克力糖等）.
sloth
/ slEUW; sloW/ n [U] (fml 文) laziness; idleness 怠惰; 懒散.
slothful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj (fml 文) lazy; idle 怠惰的; 懒散的. 
slothfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
slothfulness 
n [U].
sloth
/ slEUW; sloW/ n S American mammal that lives in trees and moves very slowly 树懒（南美洲的哺乳动物, 栖於树上, 行动极缓慢）.
slouch
/ slaUtF; slaJtF/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] stand, sit or move in a lazy way, often not quite upright 无精打采地立、 坐或行动（常指不直）: Don't slouch! Stand up straight! 别没精打采的! 起来站直了! * She slouched past me with her hands in her pockets. 她手插在口袋里懒洋洋地从我身边走了过去. * slouching about all day doing nothing 终日闲荡无所事事.
slouch 
n  1 [sing] slouching posture or way of moving 无精打采的姿态或动作: walk with a slouch 没精打采地走.  2 (idm 习语) be no slouch at sth (infml 口) be very good at sth 善於做某事: She's no slouch at tennis. 她网球打得不赖.
slouchingly 
adv.
slouch hat 
soft hat with a wide turned-down brim 垂边软帽.
slough
/ slaU, ?@ also slu:; slaJ, slu/ n  1 [C] swamp; marsh 沼泽; 沼地.  2 [C] (in western Canada) pond formed by rain or melted snow （加拿大西部）（雨水、 融雪形成的）水池, 池塘.  3 [sing] ~ of sth (fml 文) bad mental attitude that is hard to change 难以改变的不良心理: a slough of despair, self-pity, etc 绝望、 自怜等的深渊.
slough
/ slQf; slQf/ n skin that has fallen away from a snake; any dead tissue that falls away at regular intervals 蛇蜕下来的皮; 按时脱落的死组织.
slough 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) let (skin, dead tissue, etc) fall off; cast sth off 使（皮、 死组织等）蜕下或脱落; 舍弃某物: a snake sloughing (off) its skin 正在蜕皮的蛇.  2 (phr v) slough sth off get rid of sth; abandon sth 摆脱, 抛弃（某事物）: slough off one's bad habits, worries, responsibilities, etc 抛弃坏习惯、 摆脱烦恼、 卸责.
slovenly
/ 5slQvnlI; `slQvEnlI/ adj (derog 贬) careless, untidy, dirty, etc in appearance, dress or habits （仪表、 穿著、 习惯等方面）疏忽的, 不整洁的, 邋遢的: a slovenly waiter, secretary, cook, etc 邋遢的服务员、 秘书、 厨师等 * Those terrible overalls would make anyone look slovenly. 无论谁穿上那种不像样子的长罩衣也是个邋遢相.
sloven 
/ 5slQvn; `slQvEn/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) slovenlyperson 不整洁的人; 邋遢的人.
slovenliness 
n [U].
slow
/ slEU; slo/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not moving, acting or done quickly; taking a long time; not fast 行动迟缓的; 费时的; 慢的: a slow runner, vehicle, journey 跑得慢的人、 行驶缓慢的车、 费时的旅程 * a slow recovery from illness 缓慢的康复 * We're making slow progress. 我们进展缓慢. * a slow poison 慢性毒药 * They played the overture at a fairly slow tempo. 他们用相当缓慢的速度演奏那首序曲.  2 not quick to learn; finding things hard to understand 迟钝的; 愚钝的: a slow child, learner, pupil, etc 迟钝的孩子、 学习者、 学生等 * slow at figures, ie not good at doing calculations, etc 不善於计算.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/do sth; ~ (in/about) doing sth not doing things immediately; hesitating to act, speak, etc 迟缓的; 犹豫的: (fml 文) slow to anger 不轻易发怒 * She's not slow to tell us what she thinks. 她总是毫不犹豫地把她的想法告诉我们. * They were very slow (about) paying me. 他们不痛痛快快把钱付给我.  4 not lively or active enough; sluggish 不活跃的; 不景气的: The film's too slow, eg does not have enough exciting scenes, etc. 这部影片太没劲了. * Business is rather slow today, eg not many goods are being sold. 今天生意很清淡.  5 [pred 作表语] (often preceded by two minutes, one hour, etc 常用於two minutes、 one hour等之後) (of watches and clocks) showing a time earlier than the correct time （指钟表）慢: That clock is five minutes slow, eg It shows 1.55 when it is 2.00. 那座钟慢了五分.  6 (of a route, etc) not allowing great speed （指路径等）不能快速行进的: the slow road through the mountains 只能慢行的山路.  7 (of a surface) causing what moves over it (esp a ball) to move at a reduced speed （指表面）能降低（尤指球）运动速度的: a slow billiard table, cricket pitch, etc 能减低球的速度的台球台、 板球场等 * Long grass makes the field slower. 场地上草很长能影响球的速度.  8 (of photographic film) not very sensitive to light （指摄影胶片）感光性低的.  9 (idm 习语) quick/slow on the draw => draw1. quick/slow on the uptake => uptake.
slowly 
adv  1 (preceding or following the v, as shown 置於动词前或後, 如下列所示) in a slow1(1) way 缓慢地: walk, speak, learn, react slowly 走、 说、 学、 反应得慢 * She slowly opened the door. 她慢慢地把门打开. * Slowly, things began to improve. 情况渐渐有了好转.  2 (idm 习语) slowly but surely making slow but definite progress 进展缓慢但平稳: Slowly but surely the great ship glided into the water. 那艘巨轮缓慢而平稳地下水了.
slowness 
n [U].
slowcoach (Brit) (US `slowpoke) 
n (infml 口) person who moves, acts, works or thinks slowly 动作、行为、 工作或思考缓慢的人: Get on with it, you old slowcoach! 继续干, 你这个慢性子!
slow lane 
nearside lane of a motorway, along which slow vehicles move 高速公路的慢车道.
slow motion 
(in cinema photography) method of making action appear slow by filming a scene with a higher number of exposures than usual per second, then showing it at normal speed （电影片的）慢动作: filmed in slow motion 拍摄成慢动作的 * [attrib 作定语] a ,slow-motion `sequence 慢动作连续镜头.
slow
/ slEU; slo/ adv (-er, -est)  1 (used after vs, after how or in compounds with participles 用於动词或how之後, 或与分词构成复合词) at a slow1(1) speed; slowly 缓慢地; 低速地: Tell the driver to go slower. 告诉司机开慢些. * How slow this train goes! 这列火车开得多慢哪! * slow-moving 缓慢移动的 * slow-cooked food 用文火烹调的食物.  2 (idm 习语) go `slow (a) (of workers) work slowly, esp as a protest or to make their employer meet their demands （指工人）怠工（尤指为抗议或迫使雇主答应要求）. Cf 参看 go-slow (go). (b) be less active than usual 减少活动: You ought to go slow until you feel really well again. 你应该减少活动, 要到真正康复以後再说.
slow
/ slEU; slo/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up/down) (cause sth to) go at a slower speed （使某事物）缓行, 减速: The train slowed (down) (to a crawl) as it approached the station. 火车进站时慢了下来. * Output has slowed (up) a little. 生产已放慢了一点. * She slowed the car down and stopped. 她把汽车速度减慢後停了下来. * Lack of demand will slow (down) our economic growth. 市场需求低就要拖慢我们的经济增长速度.  2 (phr v) slow up/down work less energetically 松弛下来: Slow up a bit, or you'll make yourself ill. 别这麽卖力气, 不然你要累出病来的.
slow-down 
n reduction of activity, esp a deliberatereduction of industrial production by workers or employers生产放慢（尤指工人或雇主有目的的）: a slow-down in the dairy industry 奶制品工业的生产放慢.
slow-worm
/ 5slEUw\:m; `slo9w[m/ n small non-poisonousEuropean reptile with no limbs 蛇蜥蜴（欧洲产, 无足、 无毒）.
SLR
/ 9es el 5B:(r); 9Zs Zl `Br/ abbr 缩写 = (of a type of camera) single lens reflex （指一种照相机）单镜头反射.
sludge
/ slQdV; slQdV/ n [U]  1 thick greasy mud or substance resembling this 油泥或类似油泥之物: some sludge in the bottom of the tank 桶底的一些淤泥.  2 sewage 污水; 下水道的污物.
slue
(US) = slew.
slug
/ slQg; slQ^/ n  1 (a) bullet, esp of irregular shape 子弹（尤指形状不规则的）. (b) (infml 口 esp US) any bullet 子弹.  2 (in printing) strip of metal with a line of type along one edge （印刷中的）大嵌条.  3 (US) pieceof metal for use (esp illegally) in a coin-operated machine用以（尤指非法地）充硬币启动投币机的金属块.  4 (infml 口 esp US) small amount of whisky, vodka, etc 少量的威士忌、 伏特加等: swallow a slug of gin 喝一点杜松子酒.
slug
/ slQg; slQ^/ v (-gg-) (US)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] = slog.  2 (idm 习语) slug it out = slog it out (slog).
slug 
n = slog.
sluggard
/ 5slQgEd; `slQ^Ld/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) lazy slow-moving person 懒散而行动迟缓的人.
sluggish
/ 5slQgIF; `slQ^IF/ adj slow-moving; not alert or lively; lethargic 行动迟缓的; 不机警或不活泼的; 无精打采的: a sluggish stream, pulse 流速缓慢的溪流、 跳动缓慢的脉搏 * sluggish traffic, conversation 缓慢行驶的车辆、 无生气的谈话 * These tablets make me feel rather sluggish. 我吃了这些药片感到困倦无力. 
sluggishly
adv. 
sluggishness 
n [U].
sluice
/ slu:s; slus/ n  1 (also `sluice-gate, `sluice-valve) sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water out of or into a canal, lake, lock, etc 水门; 水闸: open the sluice-gates of a reservoir 放开水库的闸门.  2 water controlled by this （水闸内的）蓄水.  3 (also `sluice-way) artificial water-channel, esp where gold-miners rinse gold out of sand and dirt 人工水道; （尤指金矿工人用以冲洗金砂的）洗矿槽.
sluice 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down/out) wash or rinse sth with a stream of water 冲洗某物: sluice ore, ie to separate it from gravel, etc 冲洗矿砂（使之与砂砾等分开） * sluice out the stables 冲洗马厩 * We sluiced the muddy wheels (down) with a hose. 我们用水龙软管冲洗沾满泥浆的轮子.  2 (phr v) sluice away, out, out of sth, etc (of water) flow away, out, etc as if from a sluice （指水）（如同从水闸中）流走、 泄出等: water sluicing out of the hole 从洞口流出的水.
slum
/ slQm; slQm/ n  1 [C] (house or rooms in a) street, alley, etc of badly-built, over-crowded buildings 破旧拥挤的建筑物组成的街道、 小巷等（里的房屋）; 贫民窟: brought up in a slum 在贫民窟长大 * [attrib 作定语] a slum area 贫民区 * slum children 贫民窟的儿童 * (fig 比喻) I can't stand this slum any longer, tidy it up! 我再也无法忍受这种脏乱的环境了, 快整理一下!  2 the slums [pl] area of a town where such buildings are found 贫民区.
slum 
v (-mm-)  1 [I] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) visit places thought socially inferior to those where one usu works or enjoys oneself, esp out of curiosity 到社会地位低下的地方去看看（尤指因好奇）: What are they doing drinking at this end of town? Slumming, I suppose. 他们为什麽到城里这个地方来饮酒? 我猜是想看看这穷地方的吧.  2 (idm 习语) slum it (infml 口) choose or be forced to live in poor surroundings 自愿地或被迫地在贫民窟般的环境中生活: While he was studying, Nick had to slum it in a tiny room. 尼克上学期间只能住在很小的房间里.
slummy 
adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) of or like a slum; dirty or untidy （似）贫民窟的; 脏乱的: a slummy district 贫民区 * It looks terribly slummy in this house. 这房子脏乱不堪.
slumber
/ 5slQmbE(r); `slQmbL/ v [I] (fml or joc 文或谑) sleep, esp peacefully and comfortably 睡眠（尤指睡得安稳而舒服）: The baby was slumbering peacefully. 孩子睡得正香.
slumber 
n (often pl 常作复数) (fml or joc esp fig 文或谑, 尤作比喻) sleep 睡眠: fall into a deep slumber 酣然入睡 * disturb sb's slumber(s) 打扰某人的睡眠.
slumberer 
/ -bErE(r); -bErL/ n (fml 文) person who slumbers 睡觉的人.
slumberous 
/ -bErEs; -bErEs/ adj (fml 文) sleepy 昏昏欲睡的; 困的.
slump
/ slQmp; slQmp/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or flop heavily 沉重地落下或倒下: Tired from her walk she slumped (down) onto the sofa. 她走累了, 一屁股坐在沙发上. * They found her slumped over the steering wheel. 他们发现她倒伏在方向盘上.  2 [I] (of prices, trade, business activity) fall suddenly or greatly （指价格、 贸易、 商业活动）突然或大幅度下跌或减少: What caused share values to slump? 股价暴跌是什麽原因?
slump 
n  1 period when business is bad, sales are few, etc; depression(3) 商业萧条期; 不景气; 经济衰退. Cf 参看 recession 1.  2 (US) period when a person, a team, etc has little success, poor results, etc （个人、 运动队等的）低潮状态（几无进展、 成绩不佳等）: a slump in her career 她事业中的低谷.
slung
pt, pp of sling.
slunk
pt, pp of slink.
slur
/ sl\:(r); sl[/ v (-rr-) [Tn]  1 run (sounds, words) into each other so that they are indistinct 含糊不清地发出（声音）或说（话）: the slurred speech of a drunk 喝醉的人说的含糊不清的话.  2 play (musical notes) so that each one runs smoothly into the next 连奏（音符）.  3harm (sb's reputation) by making (esp untrue) statements诋毁（某人的名誉）: slurred by accusations of dishonesty 遭诽谤被指责为不诚实.  4 (phr v) slur over sth avoid dealing with an unpleasant fact, a difficult problem, etc 回避令人不快的事、 棘手的问题等: She slurred over the high cost of her plan. 她避而不提她这一计画费用之巨.
slur 
n  1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) statement, accusation, etc that may damage sb's reputation, esp when untrue 诋毁; 诽谤; 中伤: cast a slur on sb 诽谤某人 * Any suggestion that I accepted bribes would be a monstrous slur. 谁说我受贿就是对我恶意中伤. * (fml 文) She tried to keep her reputation free from slur. 她极力避免名誉受损.  2 [C] (music 音) the mark (　) or (　), used to show that two or more notes are to be sung to one syllable or played smoothly without a break 圆滑线, 连接线（即　或　）（用以表示把一组音符唱成或奏成一个音节）.  3 [C] slurred sound 含糊不清的声音.
slurp
/ sl\:p; sl[p/ v [I, Tn, Tn.p] (infml 口) make a loud noise with the lips as one eats or drinks (sth) 吃或喝（某物）时嘴唇发出很响的声音: Stop slurping! 吃喝时别发出这麽大的声音! * He was slurping (down) his soup. 他喝汤时嘴唇发出啧啧的声音.
slurp 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) sound of slurping 吃或喝时嘴唇发出的响声.
slurry
/ 5slQrI; `slQrI/ n [U] thin semi-liquid mixture, esp of cement, clay, mud, etc 半流质稀薄混合物（尤指水泥、 黏土、 泥浆等）.
slush
/ slQF; slQF/ n [U]  1 soft, usu dirty, melting snow on the ground 地面上半融化的（通常指脏的）雪.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) silly sentimental speech or writing 庸俗的伤感言语或文字: a romantic novel full of slush 庸俗伤感的爱情小说. 
slushy 
adj (-ier, -est): slushy pavements有泥有雪的人行道 * (fig 比喻) slushy sentiment, stories 庸俗伤感的情调、 故事.
slush fund 
(derog 贬) fund created eg by a political party or a business company, for illegal purposes, eg bribing officials （政党、 公司等的）用於非法目的的基金（如行贿官员的）.
slut
/ slQt; slQt/ n (derog 贬) woman who is slovenly or sexually immoral 邋遢女子; 放荡女子: a common slut 下贱的淫荡女人. 
sluttish 
adj: a sluttish appearance （女子）邋遢的样子 * sluttish behaviour （女子）放荡的行为.
sly
/ slaI; slaI/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (often derog 常作贬义) acting or done in a secret, often cunning and deceitful, way 狡猾的; 狡诈的: a sly fellow, trick, ruse 狡诈的家伙、 伎俩、 计谋 * (joc 谑) You sly old devil! 你这个老奸巨猾的家伙! * It was sly of you not to tell us you'd already met. 你们真坏, 已经见了面还瞒著我们.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] suggesting that one knows sth secret; knowing 会意的; 会心的: a sly smile, look, etc 会心的一笑、 表情等 * She cast a sly glance at her bridge partner. 她向桥牌搭挡使了个会意的眼色.  3 mischievous; playful 淘气的; 顽皮的: play a sly trick on a friend 作弄朋友.  4 (idm 习语) on the `sly secretly 秘密地: She must have been having lessons on the sly. 她准是暗地里一直在上课. 
slyly 
adv. 
slyness 
n [U].
smack
/ smAk; smAk/ n  1 [C] (a) (sound of a) blow given with the open hand; slap 掌击（声）; 掴: give a child a smack on the bottom 给小孩屁股上一巴掌. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) loud sound of the lips being parted 嘴唇张开时发出的声音: a greedy smack of the lips as he cut into the steak 他切牛排时馋得嘴唇一张发出的声音. (c) [C] (infml 口) loud kiss 出声的吻; 响吻: a smack on the lips/cheek 在嘴唇[面颊]上的响吻.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] blow; hit 打; 击: give the ball a hard smack, eg with a bat in cricket 用力击球（如用板球棒）.  3 [U] (sl 俚 esp Brit) heroin 海洛因.  4 (idm 习语) a smack at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt at doing sth 试做某事物: have a smack at making an omelette 试做煎蛋.
smack 
v [Tn]  1 strike (sb) with the open hand; slap 用掌击（某人）; 掴: Don't you dare smack my children! 你敢掴我的孩子!  2 (idm 习语) lick/smack one's lips/chops => lick.
smack 
adv  1 in a sudden and violent way 突然而猛烈地: run smack into a brick wall 猛然撞在砖墙上 * hit sb smack in the eye 猛然打在某人的眼部.  2 (US `smack-dab) directly; squarely 直接地; 恰好: It landed smack(-dab) in the middle of the carpet. 那东西正好落在地毯的中央.
smacker 
n (infml 口)  1 loud kiss 出声的吻; 响吻.  2 (sl 俚) pound sterling or US dollar 英镑; 美元: one hundred smackers 一百块钱.
smacking 
n [sing] hitting or being hit with the open hand 掌掴; 挨的巴掌: The child needs a good smacking. 这孩子该好好打一顿.
smack
/ smAk; smAk/ n small sailing-boat for fishing 捕鱼的小帆船.
smack
/ smAk; smAk/ v (phr v) smack of sth (no passive 不用於被动语态)  1 have a slight flavour of sth 微带某味: medicine that smacks of sulphur 微带硫磺味的药.  2 suggest that sb has unpleasant attitudes or qualities 显示某人有令人不快的态度或品性: Their comments smack of racism. 他们的评论有点种族偏见的味道.
smack 
n [sing] ~ of sth  1 slight flavour of sth 某物的轻微之味: a smack of garlic 一点大蒜味.  2 suggestion; hint 微含某意; 暗示: There was a smack of malice in her reply. 她回答中含有恶意.
small
/ smR:l; smRl/ adj  1 not large in size, degree, number, value, etc （体积、 程度、 数量、 价值等）小的, 少的: a small house, town, room, audience, sum of money 小房子、 小镇、 小房间、 少数听众、 一小笔钱 * This hat is too small for me. 这帽子我戴太小. * My influence over her is small, so she won't do as I say. 我对她起不了多大影响, 她不会按我的话去做. Cf 参看 big. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 young 幼小的; 年幼的: Would a small child know that? 小孩能懂这种事吗? * I lived in the country when I was small. 我小时候住在乡下.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) not as big as sth else of the same kind （在同类事物中）较小的: the small intestine 小肠. (b) (of letters) not written or printed as capitals (capital1 2) （指字母）小写的.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not doing things on a large scale 小规模的; 小范围的: a small farmer, trader, shopkeeper, company, etc 小农场主、 小本商人、 小店主、 小公司 * more help for small businesses 对小公司的较多帮助 * a small eater, ie a person who does not eat much 饭量小的人.  5 unimportant; trivial; slight 不重要的; 微不足道的; 微小的: a small matter, change, mistake 小的事情、 变化、 错误 * There are only small differences between the two translations. 这两种翻译之间只有些细微的区别.  6 [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) having a mean and petty attitude 小气的; 心胸狭窄的: a very small man 心胸非常狭隘的人 * Only somebody with a small mind would have refused to help. 只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人.  7 [attrib 作定语] (used with uncountable nouns 与不可数名词连用) little or no 些微的; 几乎没有的: have small cause to be glad 没什麽可高兴的 * He failed, and small wonder, ie it is not surprising. 他失败了, 这没什麽奇怪.  8 (idm 习语) (be) grateful/thankful for small `mercies relieved that a bad situation is not worse 庆幸已然糟糕的情况并未更糟: It may be cold but it's not raining -- let's be thankful for small mercies. 尽管天气很冷, 但没有下雨--应该知足了. great and small => great. in a big/small way => way1. it's a small `world (saying 谚) one is likely to meet, or hear about, sb one knows (however distantly) wherever one goes 世界可真小（无论走到哪里都可能碰到或听说到自己认识的人）. look/feel `small be humiliated 感到羞愧: You made me look so small, correcting me in front of everybody. 你当众纠正我的错误, 弄得我很难为情. no/little/small wonder => wonder n. small `beer (infml 口) person or thing of no great importance or value 重要性或价值不大的人或事物: That grant was pretty small beer: we shall need a lot more money. 这点补助金是杯水车薪, 我们需要的钱远比这些多. a small `fortune a lot of money 许多钱: The car cost me a small fortune. 这辆汽车花了我很多钱. `small fry (infml 口) people thought to be unimportant （被认为）不重要的人. the `small hours period of time soon after midnight 午夜刚过的一段时间: working until/into the small hours 工作到深夜. the small `print the parts of a legal document, contract, etc which are often printed in small type and contain important details that are easy to overlook 法律文件、 契约等中常用小号字体印刷的部分（包括容易忽视的重要细节）: The penalty clause was hidden in the small print. 惩罚条款印在不起眼的小号字体部分. * Make sure you read all the small print before signing. 一定要先看清小号字体印刷部分再签字. the still small voice => still1.
small 
adv  1 into small pieces 成为小块: chop the wood small 把木头劈成碎块.  2 of a small size 很小: Don't draw the picture too small. 别把图画得太小.
small 
n  1 smalls [pl] (Brit infml 口) small items of clothing, esp underwear 小件衣物（尤指内衣裤）.  2 [sing] the slender part of sth (used esp in the phrase shown) 某物较细的部分（尤用於以下示例）: the small of the back 背部最窄处.
smallness 
n [U].
small 
ads / dAz; 9Adz/ (Brit infml 口) = classified advertisements (classify).
small arms 
weapons light enough to be carried in the hands 轻武器（可随手携带者）: [attrib 作定语] small-arms fire 轻武器射击.
small change 
coins of low value 小面值的硬币: I dropped some small change into the collecting tin. 我把一些硬币投进募捐罐里了.
smallholder, `smallholding 
ns (Brit) (owner or tenant of a) piece of land, usu more than one acre and less than 50 acres, used for farming 小片耕地（通常指1至50英亩的）; （小片耕地的）地主, 佃农.
the small hours 
the very early hours of the morning eg 3, 4, 5 o'clock 凌晨的几小时（如3、 4、 5点钟）.
small-minded 
adj (derog 贬) mean and selfish; petty 吝啬自私的; 心胸狭窄的. 
small-mindedness 
n [U].
smallpox 
n [U] serious contagious disease causing high fever and leaving permanent scars on the skin 天花: [attrib 作定语] a smallpox injection, epidemic 天花的预防注射、 流行.
small-scale 
adj  1 (of a map, drawing, etc) drawn to a small scale2(4) so that few details are shown （指地图、 图样等）以小比例绘制的.  2 not great in size, extent, quantity, etc 小规模、 小范围、 小数量等的: ,only a ,small-scale `survey of 20 people 只涉及20人的小范围调查.
small talk 
conversation about everyday matters, usu at a social event 闲谈; 聊天: I'm afraid I have no small talk, ie I can't chat about unimportant things. 很抱歉, 我不能聊闲天.
small-time 
adj (infml derog 口, 贬) unimportant; petty 不重要的; 琐碎的: a small-time criminal 轻罪犯.
small
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare small and little. 试比较 small 和 little 这两个词. Small is the usual opposite of big or large. *small 是 big 和 large 常见的反义词. It has comparative and superlative forms and can be modified by adverbs such as `rather' *small 有比较级和最高级并可受 rather 一类副词修饰: Our house is smaller than yours but I think the garden is bigger. 我们的房子比你们的小, 但花园比你们的大. *  I have a fairly small income. 我的收入相当微薄. The comparative and superlative forms of little are rare and it is not usually modified by adverbs. *little 的比较级和最高级形式很少见, 且 little 通常不受副词修饰. It is generally only used attributively, often following another adjective, to indicate an attitude of affection, dislike, amusement, etc *little一般只用作定语, 常置於另一形容词之後, 表示爱、 厌恶、 欢娱等: He's a horrid little man. 他是个讨厌的家伙. *  What a lovely little house! 多漂亮的房子!
smarmy
/ 5smB:mI; `smBrmI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) trying to make oneself popular by flattery and charm 逢迎的; 奉承的; 谄媚的: a smarmy salesman 满口甜言蜜语的推销员 * The waiters' manners are always so smarmy. 那些服务员总是点头哈腰的.
smart
/ smB:t; smBrt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 bright and new-looking; well-dressed; neat 帅气的; 衣著讲究的; 整齐的: a smart hat, frock, car 漂亮的帽子、 连衣裙、 汽车 * You look very smart in your new suit. 你穿上新衣服显得很帅. * Make yourself smart before my parents arrive. 趁我父母未到, 你快去打扮一下.  2 (esp US) having or showing intelligence; clever; ingenious 聪明的; 伶俐的; 聪敏的: a smart student 聪明的学生 * a smart answer, idea 巧妙的回答、 主意 * It was smart of you to bring a map. 你很聪明, 能想到带张地图.  3 (a) quick; brisk 快的; 敏捷的: go for a smart walk 轻松地散散步 * set off at a smart pace 迈著矫健的步子出发. (b) (of a blow or of criticism) forceful （指打击或批评）有力的, 猛烈的: I gave a smart blow on the lid, and it flew open. 我朝盖子猛一击, 就把它打开了. * a smart rebuke from the teacher 教师的严厉指责.  4 fashionable; chic 时髦的; 高雅的: the smart set 时髦的阔人 * a smart restaurant 格调高雅的餐馆.
smarten 
/ 5smB:tn; `smBrtn/ v (phr v) smarten (oneself/sb/sth) up make oneself/sb/sth neater, tidier, etc 使自己[某人/某物]更整洁、 更有条理等: You'll have to smarten (yourself) up a bit before going out. 你得打扮一下再出门. * Try to smarten the house up before the visitors arrive. 在客人来到之前要把房子整理一下.
smartly 
adv: smartly dressed 衣著整洁 * walk smartly into the room 迈著矫健的步子走进房间 * hit sth smartly with a hammer 用锤子猛敲某物.
smartness 
n [U].
smart alec 
/ 5AlIk; 9AlIk/ (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) person who acts as if he has great ability and knowledge; know-all 自作聪明的人; 万事通.
smart
/ smB:t; smBrt/ v [I, Ipr] ~(from sth) cause or feel a sharp stinging pain (of the body or the mind) 造成或感到（肉体或精神方面的）痛苦: The bee-sting smarted terribly. 蜜蜂蜇得很疼. * He smarted from the savage attacks on his film. 他因自己的影片受到猛烈攻击而感到痛心. * They're still smarting from their defeat in the final. 他们仍在为决赛失败而伤心.
smart 
n [U] (fml 文) sharp physical or mental pain 肉体或精神上的痛苦: the constant smart of the blisters on his feet 他脚上水泡引起的持续疼痛.
smash
/ smAF; smAF/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (up); ~ sth open (cause sth to) be broken violently into pieces （使某物）粉碎, 破碎: the sound of a glass smashing (into pieces) on the floor 玻璃杯摔在地板上破碎时发出的声音 * smash a window 打破一扇窗户 * smash (up) all the furniture 捣毁所有的家具 * smash the furniture to pieces 把家具砸碎 * The lock was rusty, so we had to smash the door open. 锁　住了, 我们得把门砸开.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] hit (sth/sb) very hard 重击, 痛击, 猛击（某物[某人]）: smash the ball (out of the court) 用力击球（把球击出场外） * I'll smash you in the eye! 当心我给你眼睛一拳! * The batsman smashed the ball up into the air. 击球员把球击得很高. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] (in tennis) hit (a ball) downwards over the net with a hard overhand stroke （网球）打出高压（球）: He smashed the lob (straight at his opponent's body). 他把高球（冲著对手）叩杀过去.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) crash (a vehicle) 撞毁（车）: She smashed (up) her new car in the fog. 她在大雾中把新汽车给撞毁了.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) defeat or destroy (eg an opponent or his activities); end (esp sth bad) 击败或粉碎（如对手或其行动）; 结束（尤指坏事）: We are determined to smash terrorism. 我们一定要消灭恐怖主义. * The champions were completely smashed in the final. 冠军在决赛中都吃了败仗. * smash a record, ie (in sport, etc) set a far better record （运动等）大破记录 * Police smashed the drug ring. 警方粉碎了贩毒集团.  5 (phr v) smash (sth) against, into, through, etc sth (cause sth to) move with great force into, against etc, sth （使某物）冲进或撞上某物: The car smashed into the wall. 汽车撞在墙上. * The elephant smashed through the trees. 大象在树林中横冲直撞. * She smashed the hammer down onto the box. 她用锤子猛击箱子. smash sth down make sth fall down by smashing it, eg with a hammer 击倒某物（如用锤子）: The fireman smashed the door down to reach the children. 消防员破门而入冲向孩子们. smash sth in make a hole, dent, etc in sth by hitting it with great force 将某物撞出窟窿、 凹痕等: Vandals smashed the door in. 那些破坏公物的人把门撞瘪了. * (infml 口) I'll smash your head in! ie said as a threat to hit sb. 当心我砸碎你的脑袋!
smash 
n  1 [sing] act or sound of smashing 破碎; 破碎时发出的声音: the smash of breaking glass 玻璃摔得粉碎 * The plate hit the floor with a smash. 盘子摔在地板上啪的一声碎了.  2 (also `smash-up) [C] car crash 撞车: an awful smash(-up) on the motorway 高速公路上严重的撞车事故.  3 [C] tennis stroke in which a player smashes the ball 网球的高压球: develop a powerful smash 训练打出强有力的高压球.  4 [C] (also smash `hit) (infml 口) play, song, film, etc which is suddenly very successful 极为轰动的戏剧、 歌曲、 影片等.
smash 
adv with a smash （撞）得破碎; 碰撞时发出声音: land smash on the floor 掉在地板上摔得粉碎 * go/run smash into the wall 步行[跑步]时砰的一声撞到墙上.
smashed 
adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) drunk 喝醉.
smasher 
n (infml 口 esp Brit) excellent, attractive, etc person or thing 优异的、 漂亮的人或事物; 尤物: She's a real smasher! 她真是漂亮极了!
smashing 
adj (infml 口 esp Brit) excellent 极好的: We had a smashing time on holiday! 我们假期过得真痛快!
smash-and-grab 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of a robbery) in which the thief smashes a shop window to steal the goods on display （指抢劫案）（窃贼）砸破商店橱窗（抢走陈列品之）行劫的: a ,smash-and-grab raid 砸破商店橱窗行劫.
smattering
/ 5smAtErIN; `smAtErIN/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) slight knowledge, esp of a language 浅薄的知识（尤指对一语言）; 一知半解: have a smattering of French, German, etc 懂一点法语、 德语等.
smear
/ smIE(r); smIr/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on/over sth/sb; ~ sth/sb with sth spread a greasy or sticky substance, eg paint, on sth/sb 将油脂或黏性物质（如油漆）涂於某物[某人]: smear oil on the machinery 把油涂在机器上 * smearing mud all over the wall 在墙上涂满泥浆 * We smeared cream on our faces/smeared our faces with cream. 我们在脸上搽雪花膏.  2 [Tn] (a) make (sth) dirty or greasy; smudge 弄脏（某物）; 使　某物）弄上油污: The window was all smeared after the rain. 下过雨後窗户都脏了. * Don't smear the lens; I've just polished it. 别把镜头弄脏了, 我刚刚擦过. (b) (fig 比喻) damage (sb or sb's reputation), eg by suggesting they have acted immorally 玷污（某人或某人的名誉）（如说某人行为不端）: In politics you expect to get smeared by your opponents. 在政治事务中遭对手诽谤是常有的事.  3 [Tn] blur (a drawing, an outline, etc) eg by rubbing it 将（图画、 轮廓等）弄模糊（如经摩擦）: smear the print with one's finger 手指把印刷品弄得模糊不清.
smear 
n  1 mark made by smearing 污点; 污迹: a smear of paint 油漆的污迹 * smears of blood on the wall墙上的血迹.  2 ~ (on sb/sth) suggestion or accusationthat damages sb's reputation 污蔑; 诽谤: This accusationof bribery is a vile smear on an honourable citizen. 这项有关贿赂的指控是对一个正直公民的无耻诽谤. * [attrib 作定语] a smear campaign 一系列有预谋的诽谤活动 * smear tactics 污蔑的伎俩.  3 specimen of a substance spread on a slide to be examined under a microscope 涂片（涂在显微镜载片上供检查的物质标本）: a cervical smear, ie taken from the cervix 子宫颈涂片 * [attrib 作定语] a smear test 涂片检查.
smeary 
/ 5smIErI; `smIrI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 smeared 被涂污的; 被弄脏的: a smeary window 弄脏的窗户.  2 causing smears 造成污迹的: a smeary paintbrush 容易弄出污迹的颜料刷.
smell
/ smel; smZl/ n  1 [U] ability to smell 嗅觉: Taste and smell are closely connected. 味觉与嗅觉是密切相关的. * The dogs can find drugs by smell. 这些狗能嗅出毒品.  2 (a) [C, U] thing that is smelled; quality that allows sth to be smelled; odour 气味; 某物特有的气味: a strong smell of gas 一股强烈的煤气味 * There's a smell of cooking. 有一股烹饪的味. * The smells from the kitchen filled the room. 整个房间都是从厨房飘来的气味. * The cream has no smell. 这种奶油无特殊气味. (b) [sing] unpleasant smell 难闻的气味; 臭味: There's a bit of a smell in here. 这里有点难闻的味. * What a smell! 多难闻的气味!  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of smelling sth 嗅; 闻: Have a smell of this egg and tell me if it's bad. 闻闻这个蛋, 告诉我坏没坏. * One smell of the rotten meat was enough! 这腐烂的肉闻一下就够受的了!
smelly 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) having a bad smell发出难闻气味的; 有臭味的: a smelly room, car, yard 有难闻气味的房间、 汽车、 院子 * smelly feet, breath, fumes 有臭味的脚、 口臭、 难闻的烟. 
smelliness 
n [U].
smell
/ smel; smZl/ v (pt, pp smelt / smelt; smZlt/ or smelled) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2.  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tng no passive 不用於被动语态] (not used in the continuous tenses; often with can or could 不用於进行时态, 常与can或could连用) notice (sth/sb) by using the nose 闻出, 嗅出（某物[某人]）的气味: Do you smell anything unusual? 你闻到有什麽怪味吗? * The dog smelt the rabbit a long way off. 那条狗嗅出远处有兔子. * I could smell (that) he had been smoking. 我闻得出他抽过烟. * I can smell something burning. 我闻到燃烧东西的气味. (b) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth sniff sth in order to test its smell 闻某物以分辨其气味: a dog smelling (at) a lamp-post 闻著路灯柱的狗 * Smell this and tell me what it is. 闻闻这东西, 告诉我是什麽.  2 [I] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be able to smell 有嗅觉: Can fish smell? 鱼有嗅觉吗?  3 (a) [I] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have an unpleasant smell 有难闻的气味; 有臭味: Your breath smells. 你呼出的气很难闻. * The fish has begun to smell. 这鱼已经发臭了. (b) [La, Ipr] ~ (of sth) have a smell of the specified type 有某种气味: The flowers smell sweet. 这些花很香. * The dinner smells good. 这饭菜闻起来真香. * What does the perfume smell like? 这种香水闻起来怎样? * The meat smells of garlic. 这肉有大蒜的气味. * Your breath smells of brandy. 你呼吸中带有白兰地酒味.  4 [Tn, Tng no passive 不用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) be able to detect (sth) by instinct 藉本能或直觉察知（某事）: The reporter began to smell a good story. 那记者意识到要有精彩的报道材料. * I can smell trouble (coming). 我凭直觉感到（要）有麻烦了.  5 (idm 习语) smell a `rat (infml 口) suspect that sth is wrong 怀疑某事不对头: I smelt a rat when he started being so helpful! 他主动帮起忙来, 我怀疑其中另有文章.  6 (phr v) smell sb/sth out (a) detect sb/sth by smelling 藉嗅觉发现某人[某物]: Specially-trained dogs can smell out drugs. 受过特殊训练的狗能嗅出毒品. (b) discover sth by finding and interpreting clues 通过对线 索的发掘和分析发现某事物: The Secret Service smelled out a plot to kill the President. 情报部门抽丝剥茧发现了要行刺总统的阴谋.
smelling-salts 
n [pl] sharp-smelling substances sniffed esp as a cure for faintness 嗅盐（尤用於治疗昏厥）.
smelt
/ smelt; smZlt/ v [Tn]  1 heat and melt (ore) in order to obtain the metal it contains 熔炼.  2 obtain (metal) in this way （以熔炼法）提炼（金属）: a copper-smelting works 炼铜厂.
smelt
/ smelt; smZlt/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 smelts) small fish eaten as food 银白鱼.
smelt
pt, pp of smell2.
smidgen (also smidgin) 
/ 5smIdVEn; `smIdVEn/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) (infml 口 esp US) small bit or amount 些微; 少量: `Do you want some sugar?' `Just a smidgen.' ｀你要糖吗?＇｀只要一点儿.＇
smile
/ smaIl; smaIl/ n  1 expression of the face, usu with the corners of the mouth turned up, showing happiness, amusement, pleasure, etc 微笑: with a relieved, amused, cheerful smile on his face 他面带宽慰、 喜悦、 欢快的笑容 * give sb a happy smile 对某人愉快地微笑.  2 (idm 习语) all `smiles looking very happy 显得非常愉快: She was all smiles at the news of her win. 她听到自己获胜的消息喜形於色.
smile 
v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) give a smile or smiles 微笑: smile happily, with pleasure, etc 幸福地、 高兴地...微笑 * He never smiles. 他从不露笑脸. * I smiled at the child and said `Hello'. 我朝那小孩笑了笑说: ｀你好＇.  2 [Tn] express (sth) by means of a smile 以微笑表示（某信息）: She smiled her approval. 她以微笑表示同意. * I smiled my thanks. 我以微笑表示谢意.  3 [Tn] give (the specified type of smile) 发出（某种微笑）: She smiled a bitter smile. 她苦笑了一下.  4 (phr v) smile on sb/sth (fml 文) approve of or encourage sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表示赞成或鼓励之意: The council did not smile on our plan, ie rejected it. 委员会否决了我们的计画. * Fortune smiled on us, ie We were successful.幸运之神向我们微笑了（我们成功了）. smilingly adv with a smile or smiles 微笑著.
smirch
/ sm\:tF; sm[tF/ v [Tn] = besmirch.
smirk
/ sm\:k; sm[k/ n silly or self-satisfied smile 傻笑; 得意的笑: Wipe that smirk off your face! 别那麽傻笑了!
smirk 
v [I] give a smirk 傻笑.
smirk
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare smirk, sneer, frown, scowl and grimace. 试比较 smirk、 sneer、 frown、 scowl、 grimace 这几个词. These verbs indicate people twisting their faces to express various, usually negative, attitudes. 这几个动词表达的是面部的各种表情, 通常都表示有不好的含义. People smirk when they smile in a silly way to show that they are pleased with themselves, usually at the expense of somebody else. *smirk 指自鸣得意地傻笑, 通常含幸灾乐祸之意. When we sneer, we curl our upper lip to express a superior or contemptuous attitude to other people *sneer 指翘起上唇嗤笑, 流露出高人一等的或轻蔑的神情: He's always sneering at my suggestions. 他总是对我提出的建议嗤之以鼻. We frown by bringing our eyebrows together to indicate displeasure, puzzlement or concentration. *frown 指皱眉头, 表示不悦、 不解或精神集中. When scowling we twist the whole face to express anger, bad temper, etc *scowl 指怒容满面, 表示愤怒、 发脾气等: He sits alone all day scowling at passers-by. 他整天独自坐著, 横眉怒目地瞪著来往的人. We also twist the whole face when we grimace.*grimace 也指整个面部抽动的表情. We usually grimace for a very short time as a reaction to pain or annoyance, or to cause laughter. *grimace 通常为时短暂, 是痛苦或烦恼的反应, 或是为引人发笑.
smite
/ smaIt; smaIt/ v (pt smote / smEUt; smot/, pp smitten / 5smItn; `smItn/) [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑)  1 hit (sb/sth) hard; strike 重击（某人[某物]）; 打: He smote the ball into the grandstand. 他把球打到看台上去了.  2 have a great effect on (sb) 对（某人）产生重大影响: His conscience smote him. 他受到了良心的谴责.
smith
/ smIW; smIW/ n  1 = blacksmith.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person who makes metal utensils, ornaments, etc 金属工匠（制金属器皿、 饰物等者）: a `goldsmith * a `silversmith.
smithy 
/ 5smITI; `smITI/ n blacksmith's workshop 铁匠　.
smithereens
/ 9smITE5ri:nz; 9smITE`rinz/ n [pl] (used esp with vs meaning break or destroy) small pieces （尤与意为｀打破＇或｀粉碎＇之类的动词连用）碎片: smash, blow, hammer, etc sth (in)to smithereens 把某物撞、 炸、 敲...成碎片.
smitten
pp of smite.
smitten
/ 5smItn; `smItn/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 ~ with sth deeply affected by (an emotion) 深受（某种情感）的影响: smitten with remorse for one's cruelty 对自己的残酷行为深感悔恨.  2 ~ (with sb/sth) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) having taken a sudden, often romantic, liking(to sb) （对某人）突然喜爱（常指情爱）: I met Janet yesterday, and I'm rather smitten with her. 我昨天遇见了珍妮特, 一下子就爱上她了.
smock
/ smCk; smBk/ n (a) loose garment (often with smocking on it) worn over other clothes to protect them from dirt, etc 罩衫, 罩衣（常有褶饰）: Smocks were formerly worn by farm-workers. 这种罩衫是旧时农民穿的. * The artist's smock was covered in paint. 那艺术家的罩衣上沾满了颜料. (b) loose comfortable shirt-like garment worn esp by pregnant women （衬衫式的）宽松舒适的上衣（尤指孕妇服）: a brightly-coloured smock worn over trousers 罩住裤子的鲜艳上衣.
smocking 
n [U] type of decoration on a garment made by gathering the cloth tightly with stitches （服装上的）褶饰: delicate smocking on a baby's dress 幼儿服装上精致的褶饰.
smog
/ smCg; smB^/ n [U] mixture of fog and smoke 雾和烟的混合物; 烟雾: Smog used to bring London traffic to a standstill. 过去伦敦的交通常因烟雾而受阻. =>Usage at fog 用法见 fog.
smoke
/ smEUk; smok/ n  1 [U] visible (usu white, grey or black) vapour coming from sth that is burning 烟: smoke from factory chimneys 工厂烟囱冒出的烟 * The room was full of cigarette smoke. 满屋子都是香烟的烟雾.  2 [C] (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) act or period of smoking tobacco 吸烟; 抽烟: They stopped work to have a smoke. 他们停下工作吸口烟. * I haven't had a smoke all day. 我一整天还没抽过烟呢. (b) (dated sl 旧, 俚) thing (esp a cigar or cigarette) to be smoked 烟（尤指雪茄或香烟）: Has anyone got any smokes? 哪位有烟?  3 (idm 习语) ,go up in `smoke (a) be completely burnt 被烧光: The whole house went up in smoke in less than an hour. 整座房子不到一个小时就烧光了. (b) (fig 比喻) result in failure; leave nothing of value behind 以失败告终; 未剩下有价值的东西: When he crashed his car all his travel plans went up in smoke. 他把汽车撞坏了, 他的整个旅行计画都吹了. (there is) ,no ,smoke with,out `fire (saying 谚) there is always some reason for a rumour 无火不生烟; 谣言也总是事出有因: He's denied having an affair with his secretary, but of course there's no smoke without fire. 他不承认和他秘书发生了关系, 但自是空穴来风喽.
smokeless 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 burning with little or no smoke （燃烧时）无烟的: smokeless fuel 无烟燃料.  2 free from smoke （环境）无烟的: a smokeless zone, ie an area where smoke is prohibited 禁止吸烟区.
smokiness 
n [U]: He hates the smokiness of pubs and bars. 他讨厌酒馆和酒吧里弥漫的烟雾.
smoke-bomb (also `smoke-grenade) 
n bomb that sends out clouds of smoke (used esp in police or military operations) 烟幕弹（尤为警方或於军事行动中使用的）: Smoke-bombs were thrown during the street riots. 街道上出现骚乱时投放了烟幕弹.
smoke-screen 
n (a) clouds of smoke used to hide military, naval, police, etc operations 烟幕（用以掩护陆军、 海军、 警方等的行动的）. (b) (fig 比喻) action, explanation, etc designed to hide one's real intentions, activities, etc 障眼法（用以遮掩真实意图、 行动等的举动、 藉口等）: The export business was just a smokescreen for his activities as a spy. 他做出口生意只是为他的间谍活动打掩护.
smoke-stack 
n (a) funnel serving as an outlet for steam from a steamship 轮船的烟囱. (b) tall chimney 高大的烟囱. (c) (US) funnel of a steam train 蒸汽火车的烟囱.
smoke
/ smEUk; smok/ v  1 [I] (a) give off smoke or other visible vapour 冒烟; 冒气: a smoking volcano 冒著烟的火山 * smoking factory chimneys 冒著烟的工厂烟囱. (b) (of a fire or fireplace) give off too much smoke (and send it out into the room instead of up the chimney) （指炉火或壁炉）出烟过多（未经烟囱排出而进入屋内）: This fireplace smokes (badly). 这个壁炉烟冒得（太）厉害.  2 [I, Tn] draw in smoke from burning tobacco or other substances through the mouth and let it out again; use cigarettes, etc in this way regularly 吸烟; 抽（香烟等）: Do you smoke? 你抽烟吗? * She has never smoked. 她从不吸烟. * He smokes a pipe. 他抽烟斗. * She smokes 20 (cigarettes) a day. 她一天抽20支（香烟）.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] preserve (meat, fish, etc) with smoke (from wood fires) to give a special taste 用烟熏制（肉、 鱼等）: smoked ham, salmon, mackerel, etc 熏火腿、 鲑、 鲭等.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] darken (esp glass) with smoke 熏黑（尤指玻璃）: He looked at the sun through a sheet of smoked glass. 他透过一片熏黑的玻璃观看太阳. * fit smoked plastic lenses in spectacles 把烟色的塑料镜片安在眼镜上.  5 (idm 习语) put that in your pipe and smoke it => pipe1.  6 (phr v) smoke sb/sth out drive sb/sth out by means of smoke 将某人[某物]熏出: smoke out snakes from a hole 把蛇从洞中熏出 * (fig 比喻) He was determined to smoke out the leaders of the gang, ie bring them out of hiding. 他决心要把匪首从躲藏处赶出来. smoke sth out fill sth with smoke 使某处充满烟雾: Turn off that pan  you're smoking the place out! 快把坐著锅的炉子关上--你把这儿弄得都是烟.
smoker 
n  1 person who smokes tobacco regularly 吸烟的人: a heavy smoker, ie one who smokes very often 吸烟多的人 * Non-smokers often disapprove of smokers. 不吸烟的人往往不赞成别人吸烟.  2 carriage on a train where smoking is allowed （火车上的）准予吸烟的车厢: Shall we sit in a smoker or a non-smoker? 我们坐吸烟车厢还是非吸烟车厢?
smoking 
n [U] activity or habit of smoking cigarettes, etc 吸烟; 抽烟: `No Smoking', eg on a notice in a public place ｀禁止吸烟＇ * Smoking isn't allowed in this cinema. 这家影院不准吸烟. * Smoking damages your health. 吸烟有害於健康. * [attrib 作定语] the smoking section of an aircraft 飞机上的吸烟区. 
smoking-jacket 
n man's comfortable jacket, made of velvet, etc, worn (esp formerly) at home 吸烟服（男用舒适的丝绒等制的外衣, 尤指旧时在家中穿的）. 
smoking-room 
n room (in a hotel, etc) where smoking is allowed （旅馆等的）吸烟室.
smoky
/ 5smEUkI; `smokI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 giving out or having a lot of smoke; full of smoke 冒烟的; 多烟的; 烟雾弥漫的: smoky chimneys, fires, etc 冒烟的烟囱、 炉火等 * the smoky atmosphere of an industrial town 工业城市中混有烟雾的空气 * This room is very smoky. 这房间里烟雾弥漫.  2 like smoke in smell, taste or appearance （气味、 味道或外观）像烟（雾）的: smoky cheeses 烟熏味的乾酪 * rather a smoky whisky 带有烟熏味的威士忌.  3 like smoke in colour, appearance, etc （颜色、 外观等）像烟（雾）的: a pretty smoky glass 小巧的烟色玻璃杯 * a smoky grey coat 烟灰色的大衣. 
smokiness 
n [U].
smolder
(US) = smoulder.
smooch
/ smu:tF; smutF/ v [I] (infml 口) kiss and cuddle, sometimes when dancing slowly with another person 接吻、 拥抱（有时於慢舞时）: hours of smooching in the back seat of the car 在汽车後座上接吻、 拥抱数小时 * couples smooching on the dance floor 在舞池里相拥相吻的对对舞伴.
smooch 
n [sing] (infml 口) activity of smooching 接吻、 拥抱: having a smooch in the back row of the cinema 在影院後排接吻、 拥抱.
smooth
/ smu:T; smuT/ adj (-er, -est)  1 having an even surface without points, lumps, bumps, etc; not rough 光滑的; 平坦的; 平静的: a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤 * a smooth road 平坦的路面 * a smooth sheet of ice 光滑的冰 * a smooth sea, ie calm, free from waves 平静的海面 * Marble is smooth to the touch, ie feels smooth when touched. 大理石摸起来很光滑. Cf 参看 rough1.  2 free from difficulties, problems, etc 顺利的; 无困难的; 无问题的: as smooth a journey as possible 极为顺利的旅途 * The new bill had a smooth passage through Parliament. 新法案在议会顺利通过. * They made things very smooth for me, ie removed difficulties for me. 他们为我排除了困难.  3 moving evenly, without bumps, jolts, stops, etc 平稳的; 无颠簸的; 不摇晃的: a smooth ride in a good car 坐著性能好的汽车平稳的行驶 * a smooth landing in an aircraft 乘飞机平稳的著陆 * a smooth crossing by sea 平稳的海上横渡 * smooth breathing 畅顺的呼吸.  4 (of a liquid mixture) free from lumps; evenly mixed or beaten （指液态混合物）无颗粒的, 搅拌均匀的: smooth custard 调匀的牛奶蛋糊 * Mix the butter and sugar to a smooth paste. 把黄油、 糖调匀成糊状.  5 (a) tasting pleasant; not bitter 味美的; 不苦的: a smooth whisky 味醇的威士忌 * a smooth cigar 烟味柔和的雪茄. (b) (fig 比喻) flowing easily and evenly 流畅的: smooth verse 流畅的诗句 * a smooth voice 柔和的嗓音.  6 (often derog 常作贬义) (usu used of men) flattering and agreeable (but perhaps insincere); (too) polite （通常指男子）奉承而随和的（但可为虚假的）; （过分）礼貌的: a smooth manner 圆滑的态度 * a smooth, plausible individual 八面玲珑、 油嘴滑舌的人.  7 (idm 习语) in smooth `water(s) making even and easy progress 进展顺利; 一帆风顺: The business seems to be in smooth waters these days. 这些日子生意好像很顺利. a smooth, slick, etc operator => operator. (as) smooth as `silk/a baby's `bottom/`velvet very smooth 十分柔软、 光滑: Her skin is still as smooth as a baby's bottom. 她的皮肤仍然十分柔软、 光滑. take the rough with the smooth => rough3.
smoothie (also smoothy) 
(infml derog 口, 贬) n person (usu a man) who behaves in a smooth1(6) way 奉承而随和的人（通常指男子）: Don't trust him  he's a real smoothie! 别相信他--他净顺情说好话!
smoothly 
adv in a smooth manner 光滑地; 平坦地; 平静地; 顺利的: The engine is running smoothly now. 发动机现在运转得很顺畅. * Things are not going very smoothly, ie There are troubles, interruptions, etc. 事情进展得不太顺利.
smoothness 
n [U]: the smoothness of her skin 她皮肤的柔软光滑 * the smoothness of the sea 海面的平静 * the smoothness of the negotiations 谈判的顺利进展.
smooth-tongued (also ,smooth-spoken) 
adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) speaking in a smooth1(6) way; persuasive in speech 油腔滑调的; 能言善辩的: ,smooth-tongued `salesmen 能说会道的推销员.
smooth
/ smu:T; smuT/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (away, back, down, out, etc) make sth smooth or flat 使某物光滑、 平坦、 平静或顺利: smooth down one's dress 拉平衣服 * smooth her skirt over her hips 抚平她裙子的臀部处 * smooth out a sheet on a bed 把床单　平 * smooth down wood with sandpaper 用砂纸把木料打磨光滑.  2 (idm 习语) smooth sb's path make progress easier for sb 为某人　平道路: Speaking the language fluently certainly smoothed our path. 我们说这种语言说得很流利, 确实为我们带来许多方便. smooth sb's ,ruffled `feathers make sb feel less angry or offended 平息某人的怒气或怨气.  3 (phr v) smooth sth away get rid of (esp problems, difficulties, etc) smoothly and easily, or by smoothing 轻易地摆脱或消除（尤指问题、 困难等）: smooth away wrinkles with cream 用油膏消除皱纹 * We'll smooth away any difficulties when we reach them. 我们碰到任何困难都能顺利克服. * Money helps to smooth away most problems. 金钱有助於使许多问题迎刃而解. smooth sth over make (problems, etc) seem less important 使（问题等）缓解: It will be difficult for you to smooth over your differences after so many years. 经过了这麽多年, 你想消除你们之间的分歧谈何容易.
smorgasbord
/ 5smR:gEsbR:d; `smRr^Es9bRrd/ n [U] (meal with a) variety of hot or cold savoury dishes served from a buffet 瑞典式自助餐（的各种冷热佳肴）: Help yourself from the smorgasbord. 请随便用自助餐.
smote
pt of smite.
smother
/ 5smQTE(r); `smQTL/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) die from lack of air, or from not being able to breathe; suffocate （使某人）窒息, 闷死: He smothered the baby with a pillow. 他用枕头把婴儿闷死了. * (fig 比喻) She felt smothered with kindness. 她感受到难以消受的热情.  2 [Tn] put out or keep down (a fire) by covering it with ashes, sand, etc 用灰、 沙等熄灭或闷住（火）: If you put too much coal on the fire at once you'll smother it. 在火上一下子添上很多煤, 反而能把火闷死. * Smother the flames from the burning pan with a wet towel. 用湿毛巾把锅里的火扑灭. * (fig 比喻) smother a yawn, smile, laugh, etc, ie prevent it from developing 忍住哈欠、 微笑、 大笑等 * (fig 比喻) He had to smother a giggle. 他得抑制住自己, 不咯咯地笑出声来.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb with/in sth cover sth/sb thickly or to too great an extent 厚厚地或大面积地覆盖某物[某人]: a pudding smothered in cream 有很厚的奶油的布丁 * smother a child with kisses 不停地吻著孩子.
smoulder (US smolder) 
/ 5smEUldE(r); `smoldL/ v [I]burn slowly without flame （无火焰）缓慢燃烧: a cigarettesmouldering in the ashtray 在烟灰缸里慢慢燃烧的香烟 * (fig 比喻) Hate smouldered inside him. 他心中积怨甚久. * She smouldered silently with jealousy, ie did not express it openly. 她妒火中烧.
smudge
/ smQdV; smQdV/ n dirty or blurred mark, oftencaused by rubbing 污点, 污迹（常因磨擦造成的）: You'vegot a smudge of soot on your cheek. 你脸上有块煤灰污迹. * Wash your hands or you'll make smudges on the writing paper. 把手洗乾净, 别把写字的纸弄脏了.
smudge 
v  1 [Tn] make a dirty or blurred mark or marks on (sth) 弄污, 污脏（某物）: paper smudged with fingerprints 被指印弄脏的纸 * You've smudged my picture! 你把我的画给弄脏了!  2 [I] become blurred or smeared 变模糊; 弄脏: Wet ink smudges easily. 墨水没乾很容易弄出污迹.
smug
/ smQg; smQ^/ adj (-gger, -ggest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) too pleased with or proud of oneself, one's achievements, etc; self-satisfied 沾沾自喜的; 自满的; 自鸣得意的: a life of smug respectability 沾沾自喜的体面生活 * smug optimism 自鸣得意的乐观态度. 
smugly
adv: smile smugly at the failures of others 对别人的失败幸灾乐祸. 
smugness 
n [U].
smuggle
/ 5smQgl; `smQ^l/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (into/out of/across/through sth); ~ sth/sb in/out/across/through  1 get (goods) secretly and illegally into or out of a country, esp without paying customs duty 偷运（货物）进出某国（尤指逃避关税）; 走私: smuggle Swiss watches into England 走私瑞士表运进英国 * smuggle drugs through customs 偷运毒品过海关 * smuggle goods across a frontier 偷运货物过境 * arrested for smuggling out currency 因私携货币出境而被捕.  2 send, take or bring (sth/sb) secretly and in defiance of rules and regulations （违反规章制度）偷运, 偷带（某物[某人]）: smuggle people out of the country 把人偷偷运送出国 * smuggle a prisoner through the main gates 把囚犯偷偷带出大门 * smuggle a letter into prison 把信偷偷带进监狱.
smuggler 
/ 5smQglE(r); `smQ^lL/ n person whosmuggles 走私者; 偷运者: This cave was used by smugglersin the eighteenth century. 这个洞穴是十八世纪走私的人使用的. drug smugglers 走私毒品的人.
smuggling 
/ 5smQglIN; `smQ^lIN/ n [U] activity of smuggling 走私活动: `drug-smuggling 毒品走私活动 * There's a lot of smuggling across this frontier. 这段边境走私活动很猖獗.
smuggle
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: People smuggle goods from one country to another when they illegally take things like watches, drugs, cigarettes, etc across a border. *smuggle指将手表、 毒品、 香烟之类物品从一国非法越过边境运往另一国. These goods may be banned (eg drugs) or they may be more expensive in the second country because of duty (eg jewellery). 这些物品或为禁品（如毒品）, 或因关税重（如珠宝）在另一国可能价格更贵. Smugglers run guns, drugs and other prohibited dangerous items between countries, possibly as a regular activity. *run指走私者在国与国之间运送枪支、 毒品及其他违禁危险品, 可能为经常性的活动. Goods (especially alcohol) are bootlegged when they aresmuggled or manufactured and sold illegally. *bootleg指非法运送、 制造及出售货物（尤指酒）. When records, films, books, etc are illegally copied and sold they are pirated. *pirate指非法复制及出售唱片、 影片、 书籍等.
smut
/ smQt; smQt/ n  1 [C] (mark or spot made by a) bit of soot, dirt, etc 煤炱、 污泥等（造成的污迹或污点）: dozens of smuts on my clean washing 我洗乾净的衣物上的许多污迹.  2 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) indecent or vulgar words, stories, pictures, etc 下流的或猥亵的言语、 故事、 图片等: Don't talk smut. 不要说脏话. * The tabloid papers are full of smut. 这些小报充斥著下流的东西.
smutty 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 marked with smuts (smut 1); dirty 有污迹的; 肮脏的: a child with a smutty face 满脸污垢的孩子 * smutty marks on the white tablecloth 白桌布上的斑斑污迹.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of talk, pictures, stories, etc) indecent; vulgar （指谈话、 图片、 故事等）下流的, 猥亵的, 淫秽的: smutty books 淫秽的书 * smutty humour 下流的幽默. 
smuttiness 
n [U]: the smuttiness of the comedian's jokes 那滑稽演员说的笑话中的猥亵话.
snack
/ snAk; snAk/ n small meal, usu eaten in a hurry, esp between main meals 小吃, 点心（通常指匆匆食用者, 尤指两正餐之间的）: Usually I only have a snack at lunchtime. 我中午通常只吃点心. * The children have a mid-morning snack of milk and biscuits. 这些儿童在早餐与午餐之间有牛奶与饼乾作点心. * [attrib 作定语] a snack lunch 午餐小吃.
snack 
v [I] (infml 口) eat snacks between or instead of main meals 吃点心或小吃: I prefer to snack when I'm travelling rather than have a full meal. 我旅行时喜欢吃小吃而不吃正餐.
snack-bar 
n cafe, counter, etc where snacks may be bought 小餐馆; 小吃店; 小吃部: We had coffee and sandwiches at the snack-bar. 我们在小吃店喝咖啡、 吃三明治.
snaffle
/ 5snAfl; `snAfl/ v [Tn] (Brit infml 口) take (sth) for oneself, usu quickly and greedily or unlawfully 将（某物）攫为己有（通常指迅速地、 贪婪地或非法地）: They snaffled all the food at the party before we got there. 在我们到那里之前, 他们已经把聚会上的食物全吃光了. * Thieves snaffled all the goods from the burnt warehouse. 窃贼把失火的仓库里的货物都偷走了.
snag
/ snAg; snA^/ n  1 small difficulty or obstacle, usu hidden, unknown or unexpected 小的困难或障碍（通常指潜在的、 未知的或未料到的）: come across a snag 碰到点困难 * We hit (ie encountered) several snags while still at the planning stage. 我们在计画阶段就遇到了几个困难. * There must be a snag in it somewhere. 一定是在某处出了个小故障. * The only snag is that I have no money. 唯一的困难是我没钱.  2 rough or sharp projection, which may be dangerous （可能带来危险的）不平的或尖利的突出部分.  3 tear, hole or threadpulled out of place (esp in tights or stockings) in materialthat has caught on a snag(2) （尖利物造成的）划破、 刺穿或断线处（尤指裤袜或长袜上的）: I have a snag in my best black tights. 我最好的一条黑裤袜给划破了.
snag 
v (-gg-) [Tn] catch or tear (sth) on sth rough or sharp 在尖利物上钩住或撕破（某物）: Her tights were badly snagged. 她的裤袜划破了一大片. * He snagged his sweater on the wire fence. 他的毛衣在铁丝网上钩破了.
snail
/ sneIl; snel/ n  1 type of small soft slow-moving animal, usu with a hard spiral shell 蜗牛: Snails have been eating our lettuces. 蜗牛一直在吃我们的莴苣. * The snail retreated into its shell. 蜗牛缩进壳里去了.  2 (idm 习语) at a `snail's pace very slowly 极慢的: The old woman crossed the road at a snail's pace. 那个老太太横过马路时走得慢极了.
snake
/ sneIk; snek/ n  1 any of various types of long legless crawling reptile, some of which are poisonous 蛇: the scaly skin of the snake 蛇的鳞状皮 * cobras and other dangerous snakes 眼镜蛇及其他毒蛇.  2 treacherous person 阴险的人.  3 (idm 习语) a ,snake in the `grass deceitful or treacherous person who pretends to be a friend 伪装成朋友的阴险的人: That snake in the grass reported me to the boss. 那个口蜜腹剑的家伙到老板那里告了我一状.
snake 
v (phr v) snake (its way) across, past, through, etc move in a twisting way like a snake; follow a twisting winding course 蛇行斗折; 沿曲折道路行进: The road snakes (its way) through the mountains. 那条路斗折蛇行穿过群山. * The river snaked away into the distance. 那条河蜿蜒曲折流向远方.
snaky 
adj of or like a snake （似）蛇的: the snaky movements of the young dancers 年轻舞蹈演员婀娜的舞姿 * narrow snaky roads through the hills 穿过群山的羊肠小道.
snake-bite 
n [C, U] wound or condition resulting from being bitten by a poisonous snake 毒蛇咬伤: be ill from a snake-bite 因毒蛇咬後生病 * an antidote for snake-bite, ie sth that acts against the poison 治蛇咬伤的解毒药.
snake-charmer 
n entertainer who can control snakes and make them (seem to) move rhythmically to music 弄蛇者（能驯蛇使蛇随音乐起舞的人）.
snakes and ladders 
board game played with counters which can move up pictures of ladders (to progress) or down pictures of snakes (to go back) 蛇梯棋（一种棋类游戏, 棋子沿梯形图前进、 沿蛇形图後退）.
snakeskin 
n skin of a snake, esp when made into leather (for bags, etc) 蛇皮（尤指用於做皮包等的）: shoes made of snakeskin 蛇皮鞋 * [attrib 作定语] a snakeskin belt 蛇皮皮带.
snap
/ snAp; snAp/ v (-pp-)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) break suddenly with a sharp noise （使某物）断裂并发出尖利声音: He stretched the rubber band till it snapped. 他把橡皮筋啪的一声拉断了. * Suddenly the branch that he was standing on snapped off. 他踩著的树枝突然啪的一声折断了. * The great weight snapped the metal bar (in two). 重量很大把金属杆喀吧一声压成两截了. * (fig 比喻) After years of hard work and poverty, he finally snapped, ie had a nervous breakdown, fell ill, etc. 他多年劳累和贫困终因体力不支而病倒.  2 [La, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] open or close (sth) with a sudden sharp noise; (cause sth to) make a sudden sharp noise 打开或关闭（某物）并突然发出尖利声音; （使某物）突然发出尖利声音: The box snapped open. 箱子啪的一声打开了. * The circus manager snapped his whip. 马戏团主管把鞭子抽得很响. * He snapped down the lid of the box. 他砰的一声把箱子盖合上了. * She snapped her bag shut. 她喀哒一声把提包关上了. * The shark snapped its jaws shut. 鲨鱼啪嗒一声把嘴合上了.  3 [I, Tn] speak or say (sth) in a sharp (usu angry) voice 厉声说（话）（通常指生气时）: `Come here at once,' she snapped. 她高声喊道: ｀快过来!＇ * He never speaks calmly  just snaps all the time. 他从来不心平气和地说话--总是高声喊叫.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) take a quick photograph of (sb) （很快地）给（某人）拍照: I snapped you sunbathing on the beach. 我给你拍了一张海滩日光浴的照片.  5 (idm 习语) bite/snap sb's head off => head1. snap one's `fingers make a clicking noise by moving the second or third finger quickly against the thumb (eg to attract sb's attention, mark the beat of music, etc) 打榧子（用食指或中指捻碰拇指发声, 如为引人注意或打音乐拍子等）: He snapped his fingers to attract the waiter. 他打了个榧子招呼服务员. ,snap to at`tention come quickly and smartly to the position of attention(4) 利落地立正. ,snap `to it ��b(infml 口) (usu as a command 通常作命令语) start moving, working, etc quickly; hurry up 快走; 快干; 赶快: `I want those bricks moved; come on, snap to it!' ｀那些砖得搬走; 来呀, 快!＇ ,snap `out of it (infml 口) (often as a command 常作命令语) get (quickly) out of a (usu bad, unhappy, etc) mood （迅速）摆脱某种（通常指坏的、 不愉快的...）情绪.  6 (phr v) snap at sb speak to sb sharply and rudely 厉声对某人说: `Shut up!' she snapped (back) at him. ｀住嘴!＇她厉声顶（回）了他一句. * I'm sorry I snapped at you just now. 对不起, 我刚才不该对你嚷嚷. snap at sth try to grasp sth with the teeth by closing them quickly and sharply around it 一下子咬住: The fish snapped at the bait. 那鱼一下子咬住了鱼饵. * (fig 比喻) They snapped at (ie accepted eagerly) the chance of a cheap holiday. 他们欣然抓住这一少花钱度假的机会. snap sth out exclaim sth in a sharp or unpleasant way 厉声喊出: The sergeant snapped out an order. 中士大声发出命令. snap sth up buy or seize sth quickly and eagerly 抢购或迅速抓取某物: The cheapest articles at the sale were quickly snapped up. 大减价货物中最便宜的物品很快抢购一空.
snap
/ snAp; snAp/ n  1 [C] act or sound of snapping （物体）断裂、 开或关（的声音）; （人）厉声说（的）话; 拍照（的快门声）; 突然咬住（的声音）: The dog made an unsuccessful snap at the meat. 那条狗没咬住肉. * The lid shut with a snap. 盖子啪嗒一声合上了. * The oar broke with a snap. 桨喀吧一声断了.  2 [C] short spell or period of (usu cold) weather 一阵（通常指寒冷的）天气: There was a cold snap after Christmas. 圣诞节後出现一段寒冷天气.  3 (also snapshot) [C] photograph (usu one taken quickly with a hand-held camera) 照片（通常指用手提照相机拍摄的）: She showed us her holidaysnaps. 她给我们看了她假期的照片.  4 (usu in compounds通常用以构成复合词) type of small crisp biscuit 小的脆饼乾: `ginger-snaps 姜味饼乾 * `brandy-snaps 白兰地酒味饼乾.  5 Snap [U] (Brit) card game in which players call out `Snap' when two similar cards are laid down together 喊｀对儿＇纸牌游戏（亮出相同两张牌时, 玩牌者竞先喊出｀对儿＇）: play a game of Snap 玩喊｀对儿＇游戏.  6 [sing] (US infml 口) thing that is easy to do 轻而易举的事: This job's a snap. 这件工作很容易做.
snap 
adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) done, made, etc quickly and with little or no warning 匆忙的; 仓促的: a snap election 临时的选举 * take a snap vote 匆匆表决 * a snap decision 仓促的决定.
snap 
interj (Brit infml 口)  1 (said in the game of Snap2(5) when one notices that two similar cards have been laid down 玩喊｀对儿＇纸牌游戏（Snap2(5)）时, 见到相同两张牌时的呼喊声).  2 (said to draw attention to the similarity of two things 见到相同两事物时, 说snap以引起注意): Snap! You've got the same shoes as me. 嘿! 你的鞋跟我的一模一样.
snap 
adv with a snapping sound 伴有断裂、 开或关等声音: Suddenly the oar went snap, ie made a snapping sound as it broke. 桨突然啪的一声断了.
snappish 
adj inclined to snap1(3); bad-tempered or irritable 厉声说话的; 脾气暴躁的; 易怒的: a snappish small terrier 暴躁的小狗 * a snappish old man 爱嚷嚷的男人.
snappy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 inclined to snap1(3); irritable 厉声说话的; 易怒的: a snappy little dog 暴躁的小狗 * She's always snappy early in the morning. 她总是一大早就嚷嚷.  2 (infml 口) lively; quick 活泼的; 利落的: snappy on her feet 她的脚步利索 * a snappy dancer 活泼的跳舞的人.  3 (infml 口) [usu attrib 通常作定语] smart; trendy 帅气的; 漂亮的; 时髦的: a snappy outfit 漂亮的全套服装 * She's a very snappy dresser, ie She dresses very smartly and trendily. 她衣著很入时.  4 (idm 习语) ,make it `snappy (also ,look `snappy) (infml 口) (often as a command 常作命令语) hurry up; be quick about it 赶快; 快点儿: Look snappy! The bus is coming. 快点儿! 公共汽车来了. * You'll have to make it snappy if you want to come too. 你也想来的话就得快点儿. snappily adv: `Go away,' she said snappily. ｀走开,＇她厉声地说. snappiness n [U].
snap fastener (also `press stud, Brit infml 英式口语作 popper) 
device made of two small round metal or plastic parts that are pressed together to fasten dresses, skirts, etc 子母扣儿; 摁扣儿: the press stud on the collar of his evening shirt 他晚礼服衬衫领口上的摁扣儿 * the poppers on a child's pyjamas 儿童睡衣上的子母扣儿.
snapshot 
n = snap 3.
snapdragon
/ 5snApdrAgEn; `snAp9drA^En/ n = antirrhinum.
snapper
/ 5snApE(r); `snApL/ n type of large fish that lives in warm seas and is eaten as food 啮鱼（产於热带海区的大型食用鱼）.
snare
/ sneE(r); snZr/ n  1 trap for catching small animals and birds, esp one with a noose made of rope or wire 罗网, 陷阱（用於捕捉小野兽及鸟类, 尤指有套索的）: The rabbit's foot was caught in a snare. 套索把兔子的脚套住了.  2 (fml 文) thing likely to trap or injure sb （易使人上当或受害的）圈套: All his promises were snares and delusions. 他的许诺都是圈套和骗局.  3 (music 音) string of gut stretched underneath a side-drum to produce a sharp rattling sound （　在小鼓下面的）响弦.
snare 
v [Tn] catch (sth) in a snare(1) or as if in a snare （似）用罗网或陷阱捕捉（某物）: snare a rabbit 设陷阱捕捉兔子 * (fig 比喻) snare a rich husband 设圈套嫁给富人.
snarl
/ snB:l; snBrl/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of dogs, etc) show the teeth and growl angrily （指狗等）露出牙齿低声怒吠或吼: The dog snarled at the milkman. 那条狗对著送牛奶的人低声吠叫. * The tiger snarled frighteningly. 老虎发出可怕的吼声.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb) (of people) speak in an angry bad-tempered voice （指人）咆哮, 厉声喊叫: `Get out of here,' he snarled (at us). ｀滚开,＇他（对我们）厉声嚷道. * an unpleasant man who snarled abuse at strangers 大骂陌生人的讨厌的男子.
snarl 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) act or sound of snarling 怒吼（声）; 咆哮（声）: the sudden snarl of the dog 那狗突然发出的吠叫声 * answer with an angry snarl 怒气冲冲地回答.
snarl
/ snB:l; snBrl/ n (infml 口) confused state; tangle 混乱; 纠缠: My knitting was in a terrible snarl. 我织的东西都乱成一团了.
snarl 
v (phr v) snarl (sth) up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) (infml 口) (cause sth to) become confused,jammed, tangled, etc （使某物）混乱、 阻塞、 纠结在一起等: The machine snarled the material up. 机器把材料搅在一起了. * Traffic has snarled up the city centre. 来往车辆把市中心堵得水泄不通. `snarl-up n (infml 口) tangled or jammed state, esp of traffic 拥挤、 阻塞的状态（尤指交通）: a big snarl-up on the motorway 高速公路上严重的交通阻塞.
snatch
/ snAtF; snAtF/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (try to) seize (sth/sb) quickly and sometimes rudely; grab （设法）迅速地或粗鲁地抓住（某物[某人]）; 抢: It's rude to snatch. 你争我夺是粗鲁的行为. * She snatched the letter from me/out of my hand. 她从我这里[从我手中]把信抢走了. * The baby had been snatched from its pram. 那婴儿被人从婴儿车中劫走了. * He snatched up his gun and fired. 他迅速拿起枪来射出.  2 [Tn] take or get (sth) quickly, esp when a chance to do so occurs 迅速抓住（某物）（尤指机会）: snatch an hour's sleep 偷空儿睡一小时觉 * snatch a meal between jobs 趁工作间歇时吃饭.
snatch at sth  
1 try to grasp sth 设法抓住某物: He snatched at the ball but did not catch it. 他想抓那个球但没抓住.  2 (fig 比喻) grasp sth eagerly and quickly 迫切而迅速地抓住某事物: snatch at every opportunity 抓住任何机会.
snatch 
n  1 [sing] sudden attempt to seize (sth) quickly 抓; 抢; 夺: make a snatch at sth 抢夺某物.  2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] short part or period; brief extract 片刻; 片段: work in snatches, ie not continuously 断断续续地工作 * short snatches of song 歌的片段 * overhear snatches of conversation 偶尔听到谈话的只言片语.
snatcher 
n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who snatches (and takes away) 抢夺的人: a baby snatcher 抢夺婴儿的人 * a bag snatcher 抢提包的人.
snazzy
/ 5snAzI; `snAzI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (esp of clothes) smart and stylish （尤指衣物）帅气的, 漂亮的, 时髦的: a snazzy little hat 漂亮的小帽子 * a very snazzy new car 很漂亮的新汽车 * She's a very snazzy dresser, ie She always dresses fashionably. 她衣著总是很时髦. 
snazzily 
adv: dress snazzily 衣著入时. 
snazziness 
n [U].
sneak
/ sni:k; snik/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (to sb) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (used esp by children 尤为儿童用语) tell an adult about the faults, wrongdoings, etc of another child 告状; 打小报告: She sneaked on her best friend to the teacher. 她向老师告了她最好的朋友一状.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) take (sth) secretly (often without permission) 偷偷地做（某事）或取（某物）（常指未获许可）: sneak a chocolate from the box 从盒子里偷拿一块巧克力 * sneak a look at the Christmas presents 朝圣诞礼物偷看一眼.  3 (phr v) sneak into, out of, past, etc sth; sneak in, out, away, back, past, etc go quietly and secretly in the direction specified 悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜: He stole the money and sneaked out of the house. 他偷了钱後从房子里溜了出去. * The cat ate the food and sneaked off. 猫吃完食物就偷偷跑了. sneak up (on sb/sth) approach quietly, staying out of sight until the last moment 悄悄接近然後突然出现: James loves sneaking up on his sister to frighten her. 詹姆斯喜欢溜到妹妹身後吓她一大跳. =>Usage at prowl 用法见 prowl.
sneak 
n (infml 口) cowardly deceitful person (esp one who informs on others) 怯懦而惯於欺骗的人（尤指告密者）.
sneak 
adj [attrib 作定语] acting or done without warning; secret and unexpected 出其不意的; 秘密而突如其来的: a sneak attack 偷袭 * a sneak preview 不公开试映 * a sneak look at a letter 偷看信.
sneakers 
n [pl] (US; Brit infml 口) = plimsolls: He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿著旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋.
sneaking 
adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of an unwanted feeling) secret and unexpressed （尤指不应有的情感）私下的, 暗地的: have a sneaking respect, sympathy, etc for sb 暗地里敬佩、 同情...某人 * I have a sneaking (ie unproved and vague but possibly right) suspicion that he stole my wallet. 我心想准是他偷了我的钱包.
sneaky 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) done or acting in a secret or deceptive way 鬼鬼祟祟的; 偷偷摸摸的: sneaky behaviour 鬼鬼祟祟的举动 * This sneaky girl was disliked by the rest of the class. 全班同学都不喜欢这个鬼头鬼脑的女同学. 
sneakily 
adv. 
sneakiness
n [U].
sneak-thief 
n person who steals things without using force, eg through open doors and windows 小偷（不使用暴力的, 如经敞著的门窗入室行窃者）.
sneer
/ snIE(r); snIr/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) smile with the upper lip curled, to show contempt (for sb/sth); laugh scornfully 嗤笑（某人[某事物]）; 嘲笑; 讥笑: sneer at one's supposed inferiors 嘲笑自以为不如自己的人 * I resent the way he sneers at our efforts. 我们已十分努力而他却讥笑我们, 我很反感. =>Usage at smirk 用法见 smirk.
sneer 
n look, smile, word, phrase, etc that shows contempt 表示轻蔑的表情、 微笑、 词语等: sneers of disbelief 表示不相信的嘲笑 * You can wipe that sneer off your face! 你还是收起你讥笑人的嘴脸吧!
sneeringly 
/ 5snIErINlI; `snIrINlI/ adv.
sneeze
/ sni:z; sniz/ n sudden uncontrollable noisy outburst of air through the nose and mouth (usu caused by irritation in the nose from dust, etc or when one has a cold) 喷嚏; 嚏喷: coughs and sneezes 咳嗽和喷嚏 * She let out a loud sneeze. 她打了一个很响的喷嚏.
sneeze 
v [I]  1 make a sneeze 打喷嚏: With all that dust about, he couldn't stop sneezing. 到处都是灰尘, 他不停地打著喷嚏. * Use a handkerchief when you sneeze. 打喷嚏时, 要用手帕遮住.  2 (idm 习语) not to be `sneezed at (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) worth considering or having; not to be despised 值得考虑的; 不可轻视的: A prize of 50 is not to be sneezed at. 50英镑的奖金可不是个小数.
snick
/ snIk; snIk/ v [Tn] make a small cut or notch in (sth) 在（某物）上划一道小口子或留下凹痕: I snicked my finger on the sharp knife. 那把锋利的刀上把我的手指划了道小口子.
snick 
n small cut or notch 小切口或凹痕: a tiny snick in the dress material 衣料上的一个小口子.
snicker
/ 5snIkE(r); `snIkL/ v laugh in a suppressed, esp unpleasant, way; snigger 暗笑; 窃笑: snickering at obscene pictures 看著春画偷偷地笑. =>Usage at giggle 用法见 giggle.
snicker 
n suppressed, esp unpleasant, laugh; snigger 暗笑; 窃笑.
snide
/ snaId; snaId/ adj (derog 贬) critical in an indirect unpleasant way; sneering 挖苦的; 嗤笑的; 嘲笑的; 讥笑的: snide remarks about the chairman's wife 挖苦主席夫人的话 * He's always making snide comments about her appearance. 他总是对她的外表冷嘲热讽. 
snidely 
adv. 
snideness 
n [U].
sniff
/ snIf; snIf/ v  1 [I] draw air in through the nose so that there is a sound 鼻子吸气发出声音: sniffing and trying not to weep 抽泣著而忍住不哭出声来 * They all had colds and were sniffing and sneezing. 他们都感冒了, 鼻子吸气有声而且还打喷嚏.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth draw air in through the nose as one breathes, esp to discover or enjoy the smell of sth （呼吸时）用鼻吸气（尤指为闻出某气味或因爱闻某气味）: sniff the sea-air 呼吸海上的空气 * sniff (at) a rose 闻闻玫瑰花香 * The dog was sniffing (at) the lamp-post. 那条狗在灯柱旁嗅来嗅去. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) draw sth up through the nose 用鼻子吸入某物: sniff snuff 吸鼻烟 * He sniffed the vapour up (through his nose). 他（用鼻子）吸入蒸气.(c) [Tn] (infml 口) take (a dangerous drug) by breathing it in through the nose 用鼻子吸（毒品）: sniff glue 吸胶毒.  3 [Tn] say (sth) in a self-pitying, complaining way 自己怜悯自己、 抱怨地说（某事）: `Nobody understands me,' he sniffed. ｀谁都不理解我,＇他埋怨说.  4 (phr v) sniff at sth ignore or show contempt for sth 嗤之以鼻: (infml 口) His generous offer is not to be sniffed at, ie should be considered seriously. 他的慷慨厚意不可嗤之以鼻. sniff sb out (infml 口) discover sb; find sb out 发现某人; 找出某人: sniff out the culprit 发现犯人 * The police were determined to sniff out the ringleaders. 警方决心要找到匪首.
sniff 
n act or sound of sniffing; breath (of air, etc) 用鼻孔吸气（声）; 呼吸; 嗅; 闻: tearful sniffs 含泪的抽泣 * get a sniff of sea air 呼吸一下海上的空气 * One sniff of this is enough to kill you. 此物闻一闻即足以致命. * `I'm going,' she said with a sniff. ｀我要走了,＇她抽了一下鼻子说.
sniffle
/ 5snIfl; `snIfl/ v [I] sniff slightly or repeatedly (esp because one is crying or has a cold) 抽鼻子（轻轻地或频频地发出吸气声, 尤指因哭泣或感冒）: I wish you wouldn't keep sniffling. 但愿你别总这麽抽鼻子.
sniffle  
1 n act or sound of sniffling 抽鼻子（声）.  2 (idm 习语) get/have the `sniffles (infml 口) get/have a slight cold 患轻感冒.
snifter
/ 5snIftE(r); `snIftL/ n  1 (infml 口) small amount of an alcoholic drink, esp spirits 少量含酒精饮料（尤指烈酒）: have a quick snifter before the party 在参加聚会前喝一点烈性酒.  2 glass shaped like a small bowl that narrows at the top （小口大肚矮脚的）酒杯: a snifter of brandy 一杯白兰地酒.
snigger
/ 5snIgE(r); `snI^L/ n half-suppressed unpleasant laugh (esp at sth improper or at another's misfortune) 窃笑, 暗笑（尤指笑某事物不当或他人不幸）: Her shabby appearance drew sniggers from the guests. 她样子寒酸, 客人不禁暗自发笑.
snigger 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) laugh in this way 窃笑; 暗笑: superior people who sniggered at her foreign accent 暗笑她有外国腔调的那些自以为比她强的人. =>Usage at giggle 用法见 giggle.
snip
/ snIp; snIp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth cut sth sharply (esp with scissors or shears) in short quick strokes 快速剪某物: snip (at) a stray lock of hair 剪一绺散开的头发.  2 (phr v) snip sth off remove sth with short quick strokes 快速剪掉某物: snip off a few loose threads 剪掉几条散开的线头 * snip the corner off the carton of milk 剪掉盛牛奶的纸盒的边角.
snip 
n  1 cut made by snipping 剪口: There's a snip in this cloth. 这块布有一个剪口.  2 small piece cut off by snipping 剪下的小片: snips of material scattered over the floor 地板上到处都是从料子上剪下的碎片.  3 act of snipping 剪: With a few quick snips of the shears he pruned the bush. 他用大剪刀几下子就把灌木给修剪好了.  4 (Brit infml 口) surprisingly cheap article; bargain 极廉价的物品; 便宜货: It's a snip at only 50p! 才 50 便士, 真便宜!
snipping 
n small piece of material, etc snipped off alarger piece 从大块材料上剪下的小块材料: a patchworkquilt made of snippings from old clothes 用从旧衣物上剪下的碎料缝成的被子.
snipe
/ snaIp; snaIp/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) water-bird with a long straight bill that lives in marshes 沙锥（滨鸟, 嘴细长, 生活在沼泽区）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.
snipe
/ snaIp; snaIp/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth)  1 shoot from a hiding place (usu from a distance) 伏击, 狙击（通常指远距离）: terrorists sniping at soldiers from well-concealed positions 从十分隐蔽的位置伏击士兵的恐怖分子.  2 (fig 比喻) make unpleasant critical remarks attacking sb/sth 抨击某人[某事物]: sniping at political opponents 抨击政治对手 * Film stars are often sniped at in the newspapers. 报纸上经常抨击电影明星.
sniper 
n person who snipes 狙击手: shot by snipers 遭狙击手伏击.
snippet
/ 5snIpIt; `snIpIt/ n  1 small piece cut off 切下的小块或碎片.  2 ~ (of sth) small piece or item (of information, news, etc); brief extract （消息、 新闻等的）片段; 简短摘录: snippets of gossip 闲言碎语 * I've got a snippet of information that might interest you. 我刚得到一点消息, 是你可能感兴趣的.
snitch
/ snItF; snItF/ v (Brit sl 俚)  1 [Tn] steal (sth) by taking it quickly 迅速偷走（某物）: `Who's snitched my pen?' ｀一转眼, 谁把我的笔偷走了?＇  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) inform on sb; sneak 告发某人; 告密: Promise you won't snitch (on me)? 答应我, 一定不告发我行吗?
snivel
/ 5snIvl; `snIvl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) (derog 贬) [I] (a) cry and sniff in a miserable, usu self-pitying, way 伤心地啼哭和抽泣: a tired snivelling baby 哭累了的幼儿. (b) complain in a miserable whining way 哭诉: She's always snivelling about her unhappy childhood. 她总是伤心哭诉自己童年不幸.
snivelling (US also sniveling) 
adj [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) tending to whine and complain; weak 爱啼哭抱怨的; 软弱的: He's a snivelling idiot! 他是个爱哭鼻子的傻瓜!
sniveller (US sniveler) 
n (derog 贬) person who snivels 哭泣的人; 哭诉的人.
snob
/ snCb; snBb/ n (derog 贬) (a) person who pays too much respect to social position and wealth, or who despises people of a lower social position 势利小人: snobs who despised their working-class son-in-law 看不起女婿当工人的很势利的人. (b) person who feels he has superior tastes, knowledge, etc 自以为高雅、 有学问等的人: an intellectual snob 自以为有学识的人 * a wine snob who will only drink the best wines 自命不凡非上等酒不喝的人.
snobbery 
/ 5snCbErI; `snBbErI/ n [U] (derog 贬) behaviour, language, etc characteristic of a snob 势利的行为、 语言等: They considered her behaviour a shameful piece of snobbery. 他们认为她为人势利, 行为可耻.
snobbish 
adj (derog 贬) of or like a snob （似）势利的或自以为高人一等的: a snobbish contempt for the poor 蔑视穷人的势利眼 * a snobbish attitude to pop music认为流行音乐不值一听的态度. 
snobbishly 
adv. 
snobbishness 
n [U].
snob appeal (also `snob value) 
qualities that appeal to people's snobbishness 对势利眼或自视甚高的人有吸引力的特质: This part of the town has a lot of snob appeal. 该城的这一区很能吸引自视甚高的人. * This car sells well because of its snob value. 这种汽车很 有派头, 因此很畅销.
SNOBOL (also Snobol) 
/ 5snEUbCl; `snobRl/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) string-oriented symbolic language (a programming language, esp for handling symbols) 面向字符串的符号语言（一种计算机程序设计语言, 尤用於符号处理）.
snog
/ snCg; snB^/ v (-gg-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (Brit infml 口) kiss and cuddle 亲吻拥抱: snog in the back row of the cinema 在影院後排座位上拥抱接吻.
snog 
n [sing] (Brit infml 口) act of snogging 亲吻拥抱: have a bit of a snog 拥抱亲吻一阵.
snogging 
n [U] (Brit infml 口) action of cuddling and kissing 拥抱亲吻.
snook
/ snu:k; snuk/ n (idm 习语) cock a snook at sb/sth => cock3.
snooker
/ 5snu:kE(r); `snukL/ n [U] game played with 15 red balls and 7 balls of other colours on a billiard-table 落袋台球（使用 15 个红色球和 7 个其他颜色球的游戏）: [attrib 作定语] a snooker match 落袋台球比赛. => illus 见插图. Cf 参看 pool2 4.
snooker 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态]  1 leave (an opponent) in a difficult position when playing snooker （玩落袋台球游戏时）使（对手）处於困境.  2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) place (sb) in a difficult position; trick or defeat (sb) 使（某人）处於困境; 欺骗或击败（某人）: You can't win; you've been completely snookered! 你怎麽做都没用, 你已经完全落入圈套了!
snoop
/ snu:p; snup/ v (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around sth); ~ (about/around) search or investigate (eg to find mistakes, signs that people are breaking rules, etc) in a persistent and secretive way 持续而秘密地寻找或调查（如找出错误、 违章现象等）: snooping around at night 夜晚四处窥探 * snooping about the school entrance looking for late-comers 在学校入口处窥视迟到的人.  2 [Ipr] ~ into sth try to find out things that do not concern oneself; pry into 打听闲事.
snooper 
n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who snoops 窥探者; 打听闲事的人: a government snooper 政府的秘密调查员.
snooty
/ 5snu:tI; `snutI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) showing disapproval and contempt towards others 目中无人的; 妄自尊大的: a snooty letter refusing the invitation 一封拒绝邀请措词傲慢的信 * She's so snooty; she never speaks to the neighbours. 她很傲慢, 从不与邻居说话. 
snootily 
/ -IlI; -lI/ adv. 
snootiness 
n [U].
snooze 
/ snu:z; snuz/ v [I] (infml 口) take a short sleep (esp during the day); doze 小睡（尤指在白天）; 打盹: Dad was snoozing by the fire. 爸爸正在炉火旁打盹.
snooze 
n [sing] (infml 口) a short sleep; nap 小睡; 午睡: I'm going to have a snooze after lunch. 我午饭後要睡个午觉.
snore
/ snR:(r); snRr/ v [I, Ip] breathe roughly and noisily while sleeping 打鼾; 打呼噜: snoring noisily with his mouth open （他）张著嘴大声打鼾 * Does my snoring bother you? 我打呼噜影响你吗?
snore 
n act or sound of snoring 打鼾（声）; 打呼噜（声）: Loud snores from the other room kept her awake. 那边房间有人打鼾声音很大她无法入睡.
snorer 
/ 5snR:rE(r); `snRrL/ n person who snores habitually 经常打鼾的人.
snorkel
/ 5snR:kl; `snRrkl/ n  1 tube that allows a swimmer to take in air while under water 潜水通气管（潜水人用的）.  2 device that allows a submarine to take in air while under water （潜水艇的）通气管.
snorkel 
v [I] (-ll-; US -l-) swim with a snorkel 戴潜水通气管潜泳. 
snorkelling (US snorkeling) 
/ 5snR:kElIN; `snRrkElIN/ n [U] action or sport of swimming with a snorkel 戴潜水通气管潜泳（运动）.
snort
/ snR:t; snRrt/ v  1 [I] (usu of animals, esp horses) force air out through the nostrils with a loud noise （通常指动物, 尤指马）喷鼻息作声, 打响鼻.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of people) do this to show impatience, contempt, disgust, amusement, etc （指人）发哼声（喷鼻息表示不耐烦、 蔑视、 厌恶、 欢娱等）: snort with rage (at sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）愤怒地哼了一声 * snort with mirth at the suggestion 对该建议高兴地哼了一声.  3 (sl 俚) sniff (drugs) 从鼻孔吸入（毒品）: snort cocaine 从鼻孔吸入可卡因.
snort 
n  1 act or sound of snorting 喷鼻息; 打响鼻; 发哼声; （从鼻孔）吸毒: give a snort of contempt 轻蔑地哼了一声 * She could not conceal a snort of laughter. 她忍不住扑哧一笑.  2 (infml 口) small drink of alcohol swallowed in one gulp （供一口喝下的）一小杯酒.  3 (sl 俚) small amount of a drug that is sniffed （用鼻孔吸入的）少量毒品: a quick snort of cocaine 用鼻孔匆匆吸些可卡因.
snorter 
n (esp sing 尤作单数) (infml 口) thing that is remarkably impressive, violent, difficult, etc 极感人、 激烈、 困难...的事物: She sent me a real snorter of a letter. 她给我寄来一封异乎寻常的信.
snot
/ snCt; snBt/ n [U] (infml 口) mucus of the nose 鼻涕: snot running down the child's nose 从这孩子的鼻子里流出的鼻涕.
snotty 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 running with or covered with snot 流著鼻涕的; 沾满鼻涕的: a child with a snotty nose 流著鼻涕的小孩 * washing his snotty handkerchiefs 洗著他的满是鼻涕的手帕.  2 (also ,snotty-nosed) (derog 贬) superior; snooty 高傲的; 目中无人的: He's such a ,snotty-nosed little `wimp. 他是个高傲而懦弱的人.
snout
/ snaUt; snaJt/ n  1 [C] projecting nose and mouth of an animal (esp a pig) 动物突出的口鼻部（尤指猪的）: a sow with her snout in a trough of food 用鼻子拱饲料槽中食物的大母猪. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. =>illus at pig 见pig插图.  2 [C] projecting front part of sth thought to resemble a snout 猪鼻状突出物: the ugly snout of a revolver 左轮手枪难看的枪管.  3 [C] (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) person's nose （人的）鼻子: a huge red snout 大红鼻子 * She's always poking her snout into everything, ie interfering. 她总爱多管闲事.  4 [C] (Brit sl 俚) police informer 向警方告密者.  5 [U] (Brit sl 俚) tobacco 烟草; 烟叶: Got any snout? 有烟叶吗?
snow
/ snEU; sno/ n  1 [U] frozen water vapour that falls to the ground from the sky in soft white flakes; mass of such flakes on the ground, etc 雪; 雪花; 雪片; 积雪: a heavy fall of snow 下大雪 * roads deep in snow 积雪很深的道路 * Children were playing in the snow. 孩子们在雪中玩耍.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) fall of snow 下雪; 降雪: The snows came early that year. 那年雪下得很早.  3 [U] (sl 俚) powdered cocaine （粉状的）可卡因.  4 (idm 习语) pure as the driven snow => pure. white as snow => white1.
snowball 
n mass of snow pressed into a hard ball for throwing in play 雪球: children throwing snowballs at each other 打雪仗的儿童.  v [I]  1 throw snowballs 掷雪球; 打雪仗: children snowballing in the park 在公园打雪仗的儿童.  2 (fig 比喻) grow quickly in size, importance, etc （体积、 重要性等）（像滚雪球般）迅速增大: Opposition to the war snowballed. 反战情绪急速增长.
snow-blind 
adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (temporarily) unable to see because the eyes are dazzled by the glare of the sun on snow 雪盲（眼睛受雪地反射的阳光刺激而暂时失明）. 
snow-blindness 
n [U]: skiers suffering from snow-blindness 患雪盲的滑雪人.
snow-blower 
n (esp US) machine for blowing snow from roads, pathways, etc 吹雪机（用鼓风法清除路面积雪的机器）.
snow-bound 
adj unable to travel, go out, etc because of heavy falls of snow 受大雪困住的; 被大雪封闭的: a snow-bound train 被大雪阻住的火车 * We were snow-bound in the cottage for two weeks. 我们让大雪困在村舍里两个星期.
snow-capped 
adj (rhet 修辞) (of mountains, etc) with the peak covered in snow （指山等）顶部有积雪的.
snow-covered (also rhet 修辞 `snow-clad) 
adj covered with snow 被雪覆盖的: snow-covered roofs 有雪的屋顶 * snow-clad fir trees 有积雪的枞树.
snow-drift 
n deep bank of snow heaped up by the wind （风刮成的）雪堆: The train ran into a snow-drift. 火车碰上了雪堆.
snowdrop 
n type of small white flower growing from a bulb at the end of winter or early spring 雪花莲（冬末或初春时开小白花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.
snowfall 
n  1 [C] fall of snow on one occasion （一次的）降雪: There was a heavy snowfall last week. 上星期下了一场大雪.  2 [U] amount of snow that falls in a period of time (eg one winter or one year) in a certain place 某地一段时期（如一冬或一年）的降雪量: The average snowfall here is 10cm a year. 这里年平均降雪量为10厘米.
snow-field 
n permanent wide expanse of snow, eg on high mountains 雪原（终年积雪的大片地区, 如高山上）.
snowflake 
n any one of the soft small collections of ice crystals that fall as snow 雪花; 雪片: snowflakes melting as they reached the ground 落地融化的雪花.
snow-goose 
n large white goose with black wing tips that lives in arctic areas 雪雁（体羽纯白, 翅尖黑色, 产於北极）.
snow job (infml 口 esp US) 
attempt at deception or persuasion by elaborate, often insincere, talk 花言巧语的欺骗或劝说: They're claiming that he's not guilty but that's just a snow job. 他们声称他无罪, 那只不过是遮人耳目而已.
snow-leopard 
n type of large wild cat of the mountainous areas of central Asia, with pale brown or grey fur and black markings 雪豹（产於亚洲中部山区, 毛呈浅褐色或灰色, 有黑色斑纹）.
snow-line 
n level (in feet or metres) above which snow lies permanently at any one place 雪线（终年积雪的下界线, 用英尺或公尺丈量）: climb above the snow-line 攀越雪线.
snowman 
/ -mn; -9mAn/ n (pl -men / -men; -mZn/) figure of a man made of snow, esp by children for fun 雪人（尤指儿童用雪堆成的）.
snow-plough (US `snow-plow) 
n device or vehicle for clearing snow from roads, railways, etc 雪犁, 除雪机（用以清除公路、 铁路等的积雪的）.
snow-shed 
n (esp US) shelter with a long roof over a stretch of road or railway to prevent it being blocked by falling or sliding snow 防雪棚（防止因降雪或雪崩堵塞公路或铁路的建筑）.
snow-shoe 
n device with a frame and leather straps, attached to the bottom of a shoe to allow a person to walk on deep snow without sinking in 雪鞋（以革条穿在木框上制成, 装在鞋底上, 可在深雪处行走）.
snowstorm 
n heavy fall of snow, esp with a strong wind 暴风雪; 雪暴.
snow-white 
adj pure bright white in colour 雪白的; 纯白色的: ,snow-white `shirts 雪白的衬衫.
snow
/ snEU; sno/ v  1 [I] (used with it 与it连用) come down from the sky as snow 下雪; 降雪: It snowed all day. 下了一整天雪. * It was snowing when I woke up. 我醒来时正在下雪.  2 [Tn] (US infml 口) attempt to deceive or persuade (sb) by elaborate but often insincere talk 用花言巧语欺骗或说服（某人）.  3 (phr v) snow sb in/up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) prevent sb from going out by snowing heavily 被大雪困住（不能外出）: We were snowed in for three days last winter by the blizzards. 去年冬天, 一场暴风雪把我们困在家里三天没出门. snow sb under (with sth) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) overwhelm sb 使某人不胜负荷: I was snowed under with work. 我工作忙得不可开交. * snowed under with applications for the job 求职申请书多得接应不暇.
snowy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with snow 被雪覆盖的: snowy roofs 有雪的屋顶.  2 with snow falling 下雪的: snowy weather 下雪的天气.  3 as white or fresh as newly fallen snow （像刚下的雪那样）洁白清新的: a snowy (white) tablecloth 洁白的桌布.
Snr
abbr 缩写 = Sen 3.
snub
/ snQb; snQb/ v (-bb-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] treat (sb) coldly, rudely or with contempt, esp by paying no attention (to him) 冷落, 怠慢, （尤指）不理睬（某人）: She was repeatedly snubbed by her neighbours. 她多次遭到邻居的冷遇. * She snubbed them by not replying to their invitation. 她没答覆他们的邀请藉此冷落他们.
snub 
n snubbing words or behaviour 冷落、 怠慢的言辞或行为: suffer a snub 受到冷遇 * hurt by the snubs of the other children 受其他儿童冷落而伤心.
snub
/ snQb; snQb/ adj (of a nose) short and turned up slightly at the end （指鼻子）短而略微上翘的.
snub-nosed 
adj: a snub-nosed little dog 翘鼻小狗.
snuff
/ snQf; snQf/ n [U] powdered tobacco taken into the nose by sniffing 鼻烟（粉末状烟叶, 用鼻孔吸入）: take a pinch of snuff 吸一捏鼻烟.
snuff-box 
n small, usu decorative, box for holding snuff 鼻烟盒（通常为有装饰的）: She collects snuff-boxes. 她收集鼻烟盒.
snuff
/ snQf; snQf/ v  1 [Tn] cut or pinch off the burnt black end of the wick of (a candle) 剪（蜡烛）的心.  2 (idm 习语) `snuff it (Brit sl joc 俚, 谑) die 吹灯, 吹灯拔蜡（死亡）: His dad snuffed it a couple of years ago. 他爸爸两年前就吹灯了.  3 (phr v) snuff sth out (a) put out (a candle flame, etc); extinguish sth 熄灭（烛光等）; 扑灭某事物. (b) put an end to sth; finish sth 消灭或结束某事物: His hopes were nearly snuffed out. 他的希望几乎破灭了.
snuffle
/ 5snQfl; `snQfl/ v [I, Ip] (a) make sniffing noises 用鼻子吸气发出声音; 抽鼻子: The dog was snuffling around the roots of a tree. 那条狗在树根处嗅来嗅去. (b) breathe noisily (as when the nose is partly blocked with catarrh) 呼吸发出声音（如因黏膜发炎）: a child snuffling with a bad cold 因患重感冒鼻子呼呼有声的小孩.
snuffle 
n act or sound of snuffling 抽鼻子（声）; （鼻腔受阻的）呼吸（声）: speak in/with a snuffle, ie with a blocked nose 抽著鼻子说话.
snug
/ snQg; snQ^/ adj (-gg-)  1 sheltered from cold, wind, etc; warm and comfortable; cosy 不受风寒侵袭的; 温暖而舒适的: a snug little house 温暖舒适的房子 * snug in bed 在床上舒舒服服 * The children are wrapped up snug by the fire. 孩子们穿得暖暖和和的围在炉火旁.  2 (of clothes) fitting (too) tightly or closely （指衣服）（过於）贴身的, 紧身的: a snug-fitting coat 紧而合身的大衣 * This jacket's a bit snug now. 这件外衣有点瘦了.  3 (infml 口) enough to be comfortable 够舒适的: a snug little income 足够过舒适生活的收入.  4 (idm 习语) (as) snug as a bug in a rug (joc infml 谑, 口) very snug and cosy 非常舒适; 十分安逸.
snug 
n (Brit) small warm room, esp in a pub, with seats for only a few people （只有少数座位的）温暖的小房间（尤指酒店的）.
snugly 
adv  1 warmly and comfortably 温暖而舒适地: They were curled up snugly in bed. 他们舒适地在床上蜷著.  2 tidily and tightly 整齐而紧密地: He fitted the map snugly into the bag. 他把地图整齐地塞进包里.
snugness 
n [U].
snuggle
/ 5snQgl; `snQ^l/ v [I, Ip] ~ (up to sb); ~ (up/down) lie or get close (to sb) for warmth, comfort or affection 依偎, 挨近（某人）或蜷缩著以获得温暖、 舒适或疼爱: The child snuggled up to her mother. 那孩子紧贴在母亲身边. * They snuggled up (together) in bed. 他们依偎著躺在床上. * She snuggled down in bed. 她蜷缩著躺在床上.
so
/ sEU; so/ adv (used before adjs and advs 用於形容词与副词之前)  1 to such an extent 到这种程度; 这麽; 那麽: Last time I saw him he was so fat! 我上次见到他时, 他那麽胖! * Don't look so angry (ie as angry as you appear now)! 别这麽生气!  2 not ~ + adj/adv (+ as...) not to the same extent (as) 不（像）...这麽...; 不（像）...那麽...: It wasn't so bad as last time! 这次不像上次那麽坏! * It didn't take so long as we expected. 时间没像我们预料的那麽久. * I haven't enjoyed myself so much for a long time. 我很长时间没有这麽高兴过了.  3 ~ + adj/adv + (that)... (indicating the result 表示结果): He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得很重, 我们只好给他请医生了. * She was so angry (that) she couldn't speak. 她气得说不出话来.  4 ~ + adj/adv + as to do sth to the extent that one does sth 到做某事的程度: She was so kind as to phone for a taxi for me. 她很热心, 为我打电话叫了计程车. * How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎麽这麽笨竟相信他的话? * Would you be so good as to lock the door when you leave? 你离开时请把门锁上行吗?  5 ~ + adj + a/an + n (+ as sb/sth) (used in making comparisons 用於做比较): He was not so quick a learner as his brother. 他没他弟弟学得快. * He's not so good a player as his wife. 他没他妻子演奏得好. * Is this so unusual a case (ie more unusual than most)? 这种情况那麽不寻常吗?  6 very; extremely 很; 极: I'm so glad to see you. 见到你非常高兴. * It was `so kind of you to remember my birthday. 你还记得我的生日, 十分感谢. * We have `so much to do. 我们有很多事要做. * She's feeling so much better today. 她今天身体好多了.  7 (idm 习语) not so much sth as sth not one thing but rather sth else 不是...而是...: She's not so much poor as careless with money. 她倒不是穷而是太不在乎钱了. so many/much an unspecified number or amount 多少（表示不定的数量）: A recipe tells you that you need so many eggs, so much milk, etc. 这个食谱上说需要多少鸡蛋、 多少牛奶等等. * Write on the form that you stayed so many nights at so much per night. 把你住了几个晚上、 每晚多少钱, 填在这个表上. ,so much `sth a great deal of (nonsense, etc) 大量的（废话等）: His promises were just so much meaningless talk. 他许诺的都是空话. ,so much for `sb/`sth nothing further need be said or done about sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]要说的或要做的只有这些: So much for our hopes of going abroad  we can forget it. 我们出国的希望告一段落--不必再提了. ,so much `so that (/TEt; TEt/) to such an extent that 到这种程度以致: We are very busy  so much so that we can't manage to take a holiday this year. 我们很忙--忙得今年都没办法度假了. with not/without so much as sth with not even sth 甚至连某事物都没有: Off he went, without so much as a `goodbye'. 他走了, 甚至连｀再见＇都没说.
so
/ sEU; so/ adv  1 in this or that way; thus 这样; 那样; 就这样: Stand with your arms out, so. 两臂伸开站著, 就这样. * So it was that he had his first sight of snow. 就那样, 他第一次见到了雪.  2 (used to avoid repetition, esp after believe, hope, suppose, tell, say, do 用以避免重复, 尤用於believe、 hope、 suppose、 tell、 say、 do之後): `Is he coming?' `I believe so.' ｀他来吗?＇｀我想他能来.＇ * I'm not sure if I'll succeed, but I certainly hope so. 我不知道我能不能成功, 当然我希望能成功了. * `He's got the job?' `So she said.' ｀他得到那份工作了?＇｀她是这麽说的.＇ * They think she may try to phone. If so, someone must stay here. 他们认为她可能来电话.要是这样的话, 就得有人守在这儿.  3 (used to express agreement 用以表示同意): `You were invited to that party, weren't you?' `So I was, I'd forgotten.' ｀已经邀请你参加那个聚会了, 是吧?＇｀可不是吗, 我都忘了.＇ * `They won the championship five years ago.' `So they did.' ｀他们五年前获得过冠军.＇｀可不是吗.＇ * `There's a bird nesting in the garage.' `So there is.' ｀有只鸟正在车库里搭窝.＇｀可真是.＇  4 also 也: He is divorced and so am I. 他离了婚, 我也离了婚. * `I've been to Moscow.' `So have I.' ｀我去过莫斯科.＇｀我也去过.＇  5 (idm 习语) and `so on (and `so forth) (used to show that a list or sequence continues in a similar way 用以表示列举未尽): He talked about how much we owed to our parents, our duty to our country and so on and so forth. 他谈到我们受到父母多少恩惠、 我们对国家应尽的义务等等. so as to do sth with the intention of doing sth 为了做某事: I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留下了张条子以便与她取得联系. * He disconnected the phone so as not to be disturbed. 他为了不受打扰, 把电话线路关掉了. so `be it (indicating an acceptance of events, facts, etc 表示对某情况、 事情等认可、 同意等): If he doesn't want to be involved, then so be it. 要是他不想参与这件事, 就随他便吧. so that; so...that (a) with the aim that; in order that 为的是; 以便: She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock. 她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好. * He has so organized his life that his wife suspects nothing. 他把生活安排得井井有条, 为的是不让妻子有任何怀疑. (b) with the result that; to the extent that 结果; 以致; 因此: Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. 再也没听到他的消息, 因此我们有些怀疑他是否死了. * He so adores his daughters that he keeps buying them expensive toys. 他非常疼爱女儿, 经常给她们买贵重的玩具.
so-and-so 
n (pl so-and-so's) (infml 口) (a) imaginary or unknown person; some person or other 某某; 某人: Let's suppose a Mr So-and-so registers at the hotel. 咱们打个比方吧, 有个某某先生来旅馆登记. (b) (derog 贬) person who is disliked 讨厌的人: Some so-and-so has pinched my towel. 谁那麽讨厌把我的毛巾拿走了. * Our neighbour's a bad-tempered old so-and-so. 我们的邻居是个脾气很坏的家伙.
so-called 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (often derog常作贬义) (used to suggest that the words used to describe sb/sth are not appropriate 用以指对描述某人[某事物]的词语含不承认意): Where are your ,so-called `friends now? 你那些所谓的朋友现在都到哪儿去了? * Our ,so-called `villa by the sea was a small bungalow two miles from the coast. 我们的所谓海滨别墅是离海岸两英里的一座小平房. * This is the patio, so-called  it's really just the back yard. 这就是所谓的院子--其实只是後院.
so
/ sEU; so/ conj  1 (indicating result 表示结果) and that is why 因此; 所以: The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk. 商店都关门了, 所以我没买到牛奶. * The manager was ill so I went in his place. 经理病了, 所以我替他. * These glasses are very expensive so please be careful with them. 这些玻璃杯十分昂贵, 因此请小心些.  2 (infml 口) (indicating purpose 表示目的): I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图, 这样你就不会迷路了. * She whispered to me so no one else would hear. 她低声跟我说话以免别人听见.  3 (used to introduce the next part of the story 用以引出下文): So now it's winter again and I'm still unemployed. 瞧, 冬天又到了, 我还没找到工作呢. * So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears. 就这样, 她连喊带叫一个钟头, 含著眼泪走出去了.  4 (used to introduce a statement on which one wishes to comment in a critical or contrasting way 用以引出一段话进行批评或对比): So I've been in prison for three years. That doesn't mean I can't do a job. 不错, 我是坐了三年牢. 这并不等於说我就不能工作了. * So you've come back. What's your story this time? 好哇, 你回来了. 这次你打算怎麽说?  5 (idm 习语) so what? (infml 口) I admit this may be true but I am not concerned 我承认此事即使属实, 我也不在乎: He's fifteen years younger than me. So ,what if he `is? 他比我小十五岁. 即使如此, 又有什麽了不起?
so
= soh.
So
abbr 缩写= (US) South(ern).
so-so
/ 5sEU sEU; `so 9so/ adj [pred 作表语], adv (infml 口) not very good; not very well; reasonably good or well 不太好; 欠佳; 平平; 还好: `How are you feeling today?' `Oh, only so-so.' ｀今天身体好吗?＇｀呃, 还可以.＇ * `What was the exam like?' `So-so!' ｀考试考得怎样啊?＇｀还行!＇
soak
/ sEUk; sok/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) become thoroughly wet by being in liquid or by absorbing liquid 浸; 泡; 湿透: The dirty clothes are soaking in soapy water. 脏衣服都在肥皂水里泡著呢. * Leave the dried beans to soak overnight. 把这些乾豆子泡一夜. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) cause sth to absorb as much liquid as possible 使某物尽量吸收液体; 使浸透: soak bread in milk 把面包泡在牛奶里 * He soaked his stained shirt in hot water. 他把脏衬衫浸在热水里了. * (fig 比喻) He soaked himself in (ie allowed himself to absorb) the atmosphere of the place. 他尽情沉浸在这种环境的气氛之中.  2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ into/through sth; ~ in enter (and pass through) sth; penetrate 进入（并穿过）某物; 渗透: The rain had soaked through his coat. 雨把他的大衣淋透了. * Clean up that wine before it soaks in(to the carpet). 趁那酒还没渗进（地毯里）去, 快把它擦乾净.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) extract money from (sb) by charging or taxing very heavily 向（某人）榨取金钱或徵收重税: Are you in favour of soaking the rich? 你赞成向富人多徵税吗? 4 (idm 习语) soaked/wet to the skin => skin.  5 (phr v) soak sth off/out remove sth by soaking in water 浸泡以除去某物: soak out a stain from a shirt 浸掉衬衫上的污迹 * Soak a label off a jam jar. 把果酱罐上的标签泡下去. soak sb through make a person and his clothes completely wet 使某人全身湿透: Don't stand out there: you'll get soaked through. 你别站在外边, 要不全身都要湿透了. soak sth up (a) take in (liquid); absorb sth 吸入（液体）; 吸收某物: Use a paper towel to soak up the cooking oil. 用纸巾把食油吸乾. (b) receive and absorb sth 接受并吸收某事物: soaking up the sunshine 晒太阳 * soaking up the atmosphere of the Spanish villages 沉浸在西班牙乡村的空气中 * That child soaks up new facts like a sponge! 那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的!
soak (also soaking) 
n  1 act of soaking 浸; 泡; 湿透: Give the sheets a good soak. 把床单好好泡一泡.  2 (infml 口) habitual drinker; alcoholic 酒徒; 酒鬼: He's a dreadful old soak. 他可真是大酒鬼.
soaked 
/ sEUkt; sokt/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 completely wet 湿透: You're soaked! 你全都湿透了!  2 ~ in sth (fig 比喻) full of sth; steeped in sth 充满某事物; 沉浸於某事物之中: This house is soaked in memories. 这所房子经历了许多可纪念的事情.
soaking 
/ sEUkIN; sokIN/ adj (also ,soaking `wet) very wet 极湿的: a soaking wet coat 很湿的大衣.
soap
/ sEUp; sop/ n [U]  1 substance used for washing and cleaning, made of fat or oil combined with an alkali 肥皂: a bar of soap 一条肥皂 * There's no soap in the bathroom! 浴室里没有肥皂! * Use plenty of soap and water. 多用些肥皂和水.  2 [C] (infml 口) = soap opera: Do you watch any of the soaps on TV? 你看电视连续剧吗?
soap 
v [Tn, Tn.p] apply soap to (sb/sth); rub with soap 将肥皂涂在（某人[某物]）上; 用肥皂擦: soap oneself down 在身上打些肥皂 * soap the car and then rinse it 先在汽车上抹些肥皂再清洗.
soapy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) of or like soap （似）肥皂的: This bread has a soapy taste. 这面包有肥皂味. (b) full of soap 有肥皂的: soapy water 肥皂水.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) too anxious to please; ingratiating 很想讨好的; 谄媚的: a soapy voice, manner, style 很想讨好人的语调、 态度、 作风. 
soapiness 
n [U].
soap-box 
n improvised stand for a speaker (in a street, park, etc) （街头、 公园等处的）临时讲演台: [attrib 作定语] soap-box oratory 街头演说 * (fig 比喻) He gets on his soap-box at the first opportunity, ie He is always ready to talk at length. 他一有机会就长篇大论讲个没完.
soap-bubble 
n ball of air surrounded by a film of soap that changes colour and bursts easily 肥皂泡: children blowing soap-bubbles 吹肥皂泡的儿童.
soap-flakes 
n [pl] thin flakes of soap, sold in a packet and used for washing clothes, etc 皂片: use soap-flakes rather than a powder detergent 用皂片而不用洗涤粉.
soap opera (also soap) 
(sometimes derog 有时作贬义) radio or TV serial drama dealing with the events and problems of the characters' daily lives, often in a sentimental way （电台或电视）连续剧: a TV diet of soap opera 冗长而乏味的电视连续剧.
soap powder 
powder made from soap and additives, used for washing clothes 肥皂粉.
soapstone 
n [U] type of soft stone that feels like soap, used for making ornaments, etc 皂石（一种质软岩石, 具有肥皂感, 用以制造装饰品等）: [attrib 作定语] a soapstone statue 皂石雕像.
soapsuds 
n [pl] frothy lather of soap and water 肥皂泡沫: He was up to his elbows in soapsuds, washing his shirts. 他洗衬衫时, 连胳膊肘都弄上了肥皂泡沫.
soar
/ sR:(r); sRr/ v [I, Ipr]  1 (a) go up high in the air quickly 急速升入高空: The jet soared into the air. 那架喷气式飞机飞上了天空. * (fig 比喻) Prices are soaring, ierising rapidly. 物价飞涨. * (fig 比喻) soaring temperatures,ie rapidly getting very hot 迅速增高的温度. (b) be very high or tall 高耸; 矗立: cliffs soaring above the sea 矗立在海上的峭壁 * Skyscrapers soar above the horizon. 摩天大楼拔地而起高耸入云.  2 hover in the air without moving the wings or using the engine; glide 翱翔; 滑翔: seagulls soaring over the cliffs 翱翔於悬崖峭壁之上的海鸥 * a glider soaring above us 从我们头顶飞过的滑翔机.
sob
/ sCb; sBb/ v (-bb-)  1 [I, Ipr] draw in breath noisily and irregularly from sorrow, pain, etc, esp while crying 啜泣; 抽噎: We could hear the child sobbing in the other room. 我们听到那间屋子里的小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭著. * She sobbed into her handkerchief. 她用手绢掩面啜泣. =>Usage at cry1 用法见cry1.  2 (idm 习语) cry/sob oneself to sleep => sleep1. sob one's `heart out cry bitterly with great emotion 哭得极伤心.  3 (phr v) sob sth out tell sth while sobbing 抽噎地说; 哭诉: She sobbed out the story of her son's violent death. 她哭著诉说儿子横死的经过.
sob 
n act or sound of sobbing 啜泣（声）; 抽噎（声）: The child's sobs gradually died down. 那孩子的啜泣声渐渐静了下来.
sobbingly 
adv.
sob-story 
n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) story intended to arouse sympathy or sadness in the listener or reader 伤感的故事: He told me a real sob-story of how his wife had gone off with his best friend. 他告诉我他的妻子与他最好的朋友私奔这件伤心事.
sob-stuff 
n [U] (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) sentimental writing or talking intended to arouse sympathy and sadness 伤感的文章; 伤心话: The idea of all that sob-stuff was to get me to lend her money. 她说那番伤心话的意思是为了让我借给她钱.
sober
/ 5sEUbE(r); `sobL/ adj  1 with one's actions and thoughts not affected by alcohol 未醉的: Does he ever go to bed sober? 他有过不醉著就寝的时候吗? * He drinks a lot but always seems sober. 他喝酒喝得很多但好像总是很清醒.  2 serious and thoughtful; solemn 认真的; 审慎的; 郑重的: a very sober and hard-working young man 认真而勤奋的年轻人 * make a sober estimate of what is possible 审慎地估计可能发生的情况 * a sober analysis of the facts 对事实的仔细分析 * in sober truth, ie in fact, contrasted with what is imagined or hoped for 在客观事实上（与想像的或希望出现的情况相对）.  3 (of colour) not bright; dull （指颜色）不鲜艳的, 暗淡的: a sober grey suit 一套暗灰色的西服.  4 (idm 习语) (as) sober as a judge (a) not at all drunk 一点都不醉的. (b) very serious and solemn 极认真郑重的.
sober 
v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) become serious and thoughtful （使某人）认真而审慎: The bad news had a sobering effect on all of us. 对我们大家来说, 这个坏消息是发人深省的.  2 (phr v) sober (sb) down (cause sb to) become calm and serious (esp after a period of irresponsible or frivolous behaviour) （使某人）冷静而严肃认真（尤指有马大哈之类举动之後）: Please sober down a bit; I've got some important news for you. 请严肃点, 我有重要消息要告诉你们. sober (sb) up (cause sb to) become sober （使某人）醒酒或清醒: Put him to bed until he sobers up. 把他放到床上去等他醒醒酒. * Give her some black coffee  that'll help to sober her up. 给她一些清咖啡--让她清醒清醒.
soberly 
adv: soberly dressed 穿得很素淡.
sober-minded 
adj serious and thoughtful 认真而审慎的.
sobriety
/ sE5braIEtI; sE`braIEtI/ n [U] quality or state of being sober(2) 认真; 审慎; 郑重: a conscientious man noted for his sobriety 以认真审慎著称的男子.
Soc
abbr 缩写 =  1 Socialist.  2 Society: Amateur Drama Soc 业余剧团.
soccer
/ 5sCkE(r); `sBkL/ n [U] (in Britain now used mainly in newspapers and on radio and TV; in US the usual word 在英国现主要用於报纸、 电台与电视广播上; 在美国则为常用词) = association football (association): [attrib 作定语] measures to curb soccer violence 防止足球赛引起的暴力事件的措施 * soccer hooligans, ie football supporters who cause trouble before, after or during a match 足球迷小流氓.
sociable
/ 5sEUFEbl; `soFEbl/ adj fond of the company of other people; friendly 好交际的; 友好的; 合群的: He has never really been the sociable type. 他从不好交际.* I'm not in a sociable mood. 我没兴致与人交往. 
sociability 
/ 9sEUFE5bIlEtI; 9soFE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 
sociably
/-EblI; -EblI/ adv.
social
/ 5sEUFl; `soFEl/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] concerning the organization of and relations between people and communities 社会的: social problems 社会问题 * social customs, welfare, reforms 社会习俗、 福利、改革.  2 [attrib 作定语] of or in society; of or concerningrank and position within society 社会上的; 社会阶层的; 社会地位的: one's social equals, ie people of the same class as oneself in society 与自己社会地位相同的人 * social advancement, ie improvement of one's position in society 社会地位的提高 * (derog 贬) a social climber, ie sb who constantly strives to improve his social position 在社会地位上向上爬的人.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of animals, etc) living in groups, not separately （指动物等）群居的: Most bees and wasps are social insects. 大多数蜜蜂和黄蜂都是群居昆虫. * Man is a social animal. 人是群居的动物.  4 of or designed for companionship and recreation 社交的; 交谊的; 联谊的; 联欢的: a social club 联谊会 * a social evening 联欢晚会 * a busy social life 繁忙的社交生活.  5 sociable 好交际的; 友好的; 合群的: (infml 口) He's not a very social person. 他不很合群.
social (US also sociable / 5sEUFEbl; `soFEbl/) 
n informal meeting or party organized by a group or club 社交聚会; 联欢会: a church social 教友联谊会.
socially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv: I know him through work, but not socially. 我是通过工作而不是在社交中认识他的.
the Social and Liberal Democrats (abbr 缩写 SLD) 
former name of the British political party (now called 现称 the Liberal Democrats) formed in 1988 from the merging of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party 社会自由民主党（英国政党, 由社会民主党与自由党於1988年合并成立）.
social science (also ,social `studies) 
group of subjects concerned with people within society and including economics, sociology, politics and geography 社会科学: Social anthropology is one of the social sciences. 社会人类学是社会科学的一门学科.
social security 
(Brit) (US welfare) government payments to people who are unemployed, ill, disabled, etc 社会福利: Most of the families in our road are on social security, ie receiving such help. 我们这条街多数家庭都享受社会福利.
social services 
[pl] organized government service providing help and advice (eg in matters of health, housing, mental illness, child care, the law, etc) 社会福利事业（政府提供的援助, 如解决健康、 房屋、 精神疾患、 幼儿看护、 法律等方面的问题）: threatened cuts in social services 提出可能要削减社会福利经费.
social work 
profession of people who work in the social services 社会福利工作: She wants to do social work when she finishes college. 她打算毕业後从事社会福利工作. 
social worker 
person who works in the social services 社会福利工作者: Social workers claimed the children were being ill-treated. 社会福利工作人员指出那些儿童正受到虐待. * social workers visiting people just out of hospital 正在访问刚出院康复病人的社会福利工作人员.
socialize, socialise
/ 5sEUFElaIz; `soFE9laIz/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) mix socially (with others) （同他人）来往, 交往, 交际: an opportunity to socialize with new colleagues 跟新同事交往的机会.  2 [Tn] adapt (sb) to society 使（某人）适应社会生活: recent immigrants to the country who are not fully socialized 尚未完全适应该国社会生活的新移民. 
socialization, socialisation 
/ 9sEUFElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9soFElI`zeFEn/ n [U].
socialism
/ 5sEUFElIzEm; `soFEl9IzEm/ n [U] (a) political and economic theory advocating that a country's land, transport, natural resources and chief industries should be owned and controlled by the whole community or by the State, and that wealth should be equally distributed 社会主义. (b) policy or practice based on this theory 社会主义的方针、 政策或实践: the struggle to build socialism建设社会主义的斗争 * combine the best features of socialism and capitalism 将社会主义和资本主义最优秀的特点结合起来. Cf 参看 capitalism.
socialist 
/ 5sEUFElIst; `soFElIst/ (a) supporter of socialism 拥护社会主义的人; 社会主义者. (b) member of a socialist party or movement 社会主义政党党员; 社会主义运动的成员.  adj characterized by, supporting or relating to socialism 社会主义的; 拥护社会主义的; 有关社会主义的: a Socialist Party 社会党 * socialist policies 社会主义的政策.
socialistic 
/ 9sEUFE5lIstIk; 9soFE`lIstIk/ adj characterized by or supporting some of the features of socialism 有社会主义特点的; 拥护社会主义主张的: Some of her views are rather socialistic. 她的观点颇有一些社会主义倾向.
socialite
/ 5sEUFElaIt; `soFE9laIt/ n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who is prominent in fashionable society, attending many parties, etc 上流社会的名人; 社会名流: rich socialites moving from one fashionable resort to another 常光顾高级游乐处所的有钱的社会名流.
society
/ sE5saIEtI; sE`saIEtI/ n  1 [U] system whereby people live together in organized communities; social way of living 社会; 社会体制; 群居: a danger to society, ie a person, an idea, etc that endangers the welfare of members of a community 社会的祸害 * Society has a right to see law-breakers punished. 社会有权要违法者受到惩罚.  2 [C, U] particular grouping of humanity with shared customs, laws, etc （具有共同的习俗、 法律等的人群组成的）社会, 团体: modern industrial societies 现代工业社会 * working class society 工人阶级的社会团体 * Islamic society 伊斯兰教团体.  3 [U] (fml 文) company; companionship 相伴; 陪同; 交往: spend an evening in the society of one's friends 跟朋友聚会过一个晚上 * avoid the society of other people 避免与他人交往.  4 [U] class of people who are fashionable, wealthy, influential or of high rank in a place; the upper class 名人圈子; 上层社会: high society, ie rich and important people 富贵阶层 * leaders of society 上流社会的顶尖人物 * [attrib 作定语] a society wedding 名人嘉礼 * society news, ie as printed in some newspaper, etc 名流新闻.  5 [C] organization of people formed for a particular purpose; club; association （为某种目的组成的）会, 社, 团体, 协会: the school debating society 学校辩论协会 * a co-operative society 合作社 * a drama society 戏剧社.  6 (idm 习语) the alternative society => alternative. a mutual admiration society => mutual.
socio-
comb form 构词成分 of society; social 社会的: sociology.
sociology
/ 9sEUsI5ClEdVI; 9sosI`BlEdVI/ n [U] scientific study of the nature and development of society andsocial behaviour 社会学: [attrib 作定语] a sociology course社会学课程. Cf 参看 anthropology, ethnology.
sociological 
/ 9sEUsIE5lCdVIkl; 9sosIE`lBdVIkl/ adj of or concerning sociology 社会学的; 关於社会学的: sociological theories, issues 社会学的理论、 问题. 
sociologically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sociologist 
/ -dVIst; -dVIst/ n student of or expert in sociology 社会学研究者; 社会学家.
sock
/ sCk; sBk/ n  1 short stocking (usu of wool, nylon or cotton) covering the ankle and lower part of the leg, usu well below the knee 短袜: a pair of socks 一双短袜.  2 (idm 习语) pull one's `socks up (Brit infml 口) (make an effort to) improve one's performance （努力）改进自己的表现或成绩: His teachers told him to pull his socks up, or he'd undoubtedly fail his exam. 老师要他加把劲儿, 不然考试准不及格. put a `sock in it (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) be quiet; stop talking or making a noise 安静下来; 不再讲话; 不再弄出响声: Can't you put a sock in it? I'm trying to work. 别出声了好不好? 我要工作呢.
sock
/ sCk; sBk/ n (infml 口) strong blow, esp one given with the fist 重击（尤指用拳）: Give him a sock on the jaw! 给他下巴上来一拳!
sock 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) give (sb) such a blow 狠揍（某人）（尤指用拳）: Sock him on the jaw! 揍他的下巴!  2 (idm 习语) sock it to sb (dated infml 旧, 口) attack sb forcefully; express oneself forcefully 猛力攻击某人; 有力地表达意见: The speaker really socked it to them! 发言的人给他们个迎头痛击!
socket
/ 5sCkIt; `sBkIt/ n natural or artificial hollow into which sth fits or in which sth turns （天然的或人造的）承物凹座, 窝（用以容纳某物或某物可在其中转动）; 插口; 插座: the eye socket, ie the hollow in a human or an animal skull for the eye 眼窝 * a socket for an electric light bulb 电灯泡插座. => illus 见插图.
sod
/ sCd; sBd/ n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (a) [U] layer of earth with grass growing in it 草地. (b) [C] square or piece of this cut off; turf 草皮: sods newly placed on a grave 坟上新植的草皮.
sod
/ sCd; sBd/ n (<!> Brit sl 讳, 俚)  1 (a) (used as a term of abuse, showing annoyance and sudden anger) person, esp a man （咒骂语）人（尤指男性）: You stupid sod! 你这个蠢蛋! * The new boss is a mean sod! 新来的上司是个大坏蛋! (b) (used as a term of pity or sympathy 用以表达怜悯或同情) person, esp a man 家伙（尤指男性）: The poor old sod got the sack yesterday. 那个可怜的家伙昨天给辞退了.  2 thing that is difficult or causes problems 困难的或惹麻烦的事物: What a sod this job is proving to be! 这事儿可真棘手哇!
sod 
v (-dd-) (<!> Brit sl 讳, 俚)  1 (idm 习语) sod (it)! damn (it)! 该死!  2 (phr v) sod off (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) go away 滚开.
sodding 
adj [attrib 作定语] (<!> Brit sl 讳, 俚) (used in anger and annoyance to give emphasis 於发怒、 烦恼时用以加强语气): What a sodding mess! 真他妈的乱七八糟! * It's all your sodding fault! 都他妈的怪你!
soda
/ 5sEUdE; `sodE/ n  1 [U] chemical substance in common use, a compound of sodium 苏打; 碳酸钠: `washing-soda, ie sodium carbonate, used for softening water, etc 洗涤　（用以使水软化等） * `baking soda/bi,carbonate of `soda, ie sodium bicarbonate, used in cooking 小苏打 * caustic soda, ie sodium hydroxide, used in the manufacture of soap 苛性苏打（俗称烧　, 用於制皂业）.  2 [U, C] = soda-water: Add some soda to the whisky, please. 请在威士忌中加点苏打水. * A whisky and soda, please. 请来杯搀苏打水的威士忌.  3 [U, C] (also soda pop) (US infml 口) fizzy drink made with flavoured soda-water （加调味剂的）苏打汽水: a glass of cherry soda 一杯樱桃苏打汽水 * two lime sodas 两杯酸橙苏打汽水.  4 (also ,ice-cream `soda) (US) drink made from ice-cream, syrup and soda-water 冰激凌苏打冷饮: three strawberry sodas 三客草莓冰激凌苏打水.
soda-fountain 
n device for supplying soda-water; counter in a shop from which fizzy drinks, ice-cream sodas, etc are served 汽水龙头（供应汽水的装置）; 冷饮部.
soda siphon 
= siphon.
soda-water 
n [U, C] water made fizzy by being filled with carbon dioxide under pressure 苏打水; 汽水: I won't have any wine; I'll just have (a) soda water. 我不喝酒, 给我来杯汽水吧.
sodden
/ 5sCdn; `sBdn/ adj  1 soaked through; very wet 浸透的; 湿透的: My shoes are sodden from walking in the rain. 我在雨里这麽一跑, 鞋全湿了.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词): drink-sodden, ie stupid through drinking too much alcohol 因酗酒而痴呆的.
sodium
/ 5sEUdIEm; `sodIEm/ n [U] chemical element, asilver-white metal that comes naturally only in compounds钠. =>App 10 见附录 10.
sodium bicarbonate (also bicarbonate of `soda, `baking soda) 
(also infml 口语作 bicarb / 5baIkB:b; `baI9kBrb/) white soluble compound in the form of crystals, used in fizzy drinks, baking-powder and medicines 碳酸氢钠; 小苏打.
sodium carbonate (also `washing soda) 
white solublecompound in the form of crystals, used in making glass, soap and paper, and to soften water 碳酸钠.
sodium chloride 
common table salt 氯化钠; 食盐.
sodium hydroxide (also ,caustic `soda) 
white corrosive solid used in making paper, aluminium and soap 氢氧化钠; 烧碱.
sodomy
/ 5sCdEmI; `sBdEmI/ n [U] anal sexual intercourse between a man and (esp) another man 鸡奸（尤指男性间的）.
sodomite 
/ 5sCdEmaIt; `sBdEm9aIt/ n (dated fml 旧, 文) person practising this 鸡奸者.
sofa
/ 5sEUfE; `sofE/ n large comfortable padded seat with raised arms and back, wide enough for two or more people 长沙发（可至少坐二人的）: He was lying on the sofa watching TV. 他躺在沙发上看电视. * The sofa converts into a bed. 这张沙发可以改成床. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.
soft
/ sCft; ?@ sR:ft; sRft/ adj (-er, -est)  1 changing shape easily when pressed; not hard or firm to the touch 软的; 柔软的: soft soil, ground, mud, etc 软土、 软土地面、 软泥 * Warm butter is soft. 温的黄油是软的. * She likes a soft pillow and a hard mattress. 她喜欢软枕头、 硬床垫. Cf 参看 hard1.  2 (of surfaces) smooth and delicate to the touch （指物体的表面）光滑柔软的, 细腻的, 柔嫩的: as soft as velvet 像丝绒一般柔滑的 * soft skin 细嫩的皮肤 * soft furnishings, ie curtains, hangings, rugs, etc 软家具（帘幕、 悬挂式陈设、 小地毯等） * Our cat has very soft fur. 我们那只猫的毛非常柔滑.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of light, colours, etc) not bright or glaring （指光线、 色彩等）柔和的, 不耀眼的: a soft pink rather than a harsh red 柔和的粉红色而不是刺眼的大红色 * lampshades that give a soft light 使光线柔和的灯罩 * the soft glow of candlelight 蜡烛发出的柔光.  4 (of outlines) not sharp or clear; indistinct （指轮廓）不清晰的, 模糊的.  5 (of winds, etc) mild and gentle （指风等）温和的, 微的, 细的: soft summer winds 夏日的轻风 * a soft sea breeze 温和的海风.  6 (of sounds) quiet and subdued; not loud （指声音）轻柔的; 低声的: soft music 轻柔的乐曲 * in a soft voice 轻声地 * soft whispers 低声细语.  7 (infml 口) (of words, answers, etc) not harsh or angry; gentle; mild （指言语、 回答等）温和的, 柔和的, 不刺耳的: His reply was soft and calm. 他回答得平和从容.  8 ~ (on sth/with sb) sympathetic and kind, sometimes to too great an extent （有时过分）有同情心的, 心肠软的: have a soft heart 有一副软心肠 * That teacher is too soft with his class; they're out of his control. 那位教师对学生太软了, 他们都不听他的.  9 (infml derog 口, 贬) weak and childish; lacking in determination, courage, etc 软弱娇气的; 不果断的; 缺乏勇气的: Don't be so soft  there's nothing to be afraid of. 别这麽窝囊, 没什麽可怕的嘛.  10 (infml derog 口, 贬) foolish or silly; mad 傻的; 蠢的; 疯狂的: He's gone soft in the head. 他傻头傻脑的.  11 ~ on/about sb (infml 口) feeling attraction for sb; in love with sb 倾心於某人; 爱上某人.  12 (infml derog 口, 贬) not requiring hard work; without problems 不费力的; 不困难的; 轻松的: a soft job, ie an easy, well-paid job 轻松而待遇优厚的工作 * He has a very soft life really. 他日子过得实在是很悠闲.  13 (of consonants) not hard; not plosive （指辅音）软的, 不爆发的; （指辅音字母）发软音的: C is soft in `city' and hard in `cat'. c字母在city一字中发软音而在cat一字中发硬音. * G is soft in `gin' and hard in `get'. g字母在gin一字中发软音而在get一字中发硬音.  14 (of drink) not alcoholic （指饮料）软的（不含酒精的）: Would you like some wine or something soft? 你是喝葡萄酒呢, 还是来点儿软饮料呢? * I'd prefer a soft drink. 我喜欢喝软饮料.  15 (of water) free from mineral salts and therefore good for washing （指水）软性的（不含矿盐, 适合洗涤用的）: Don't use much soap powder  the water here is very soft. 肥皂粉别用得太多, 这儿的水很软.  16 (idm 习语) an easy/a soft touch => touch2. the hard/soft sell => sell n. have a soft `spot for sb/sth (infml 口) be specially fond of sb/sth 偏爱某人[某事物]: I've always had a real soft spot for him. 我一向对他挺有好感.
softish 
adj rather soft 相当软的: softish ice-cream 软软的冰激凌.
softly 
adv in a soft way 柔软地; 轻柔地; 柔和地: speak softly 轻声地说话 * She pressed his hand softly. 她轻轻捏了捏他的手. * softly shining lights 光线柔和的灯 * music softly played 轻轻奏出的乐曲 * treating the children too softly 过分惯著孩子.
softness 
n [U].
softy (also softie) 
/ 5sCftI; ?@ 5sR:ftI; `sRftI��x/ n (infml 口) (a) (derog 贬) physically weak person 身体虚弱的人: `You're a bunch of softies!' the sergeant shouted to the new recruits. 　你们这帮东西, 弱不禁风!　中士对新兵嚷道. (b) kind-hearted or (too) sentimental person 好心人;过分心软的人: He's a real softie at heart. 他真是个好心人.
softball 
(esp US) game similar to baseball played on a smaller field with a larger soft ball 垒球（与棒球相似, 但球场较小, 球较大而软）.
soft-boiled 
adj (of eggs) boiled for a short time so that the yolk is still soft （指蛋）煮得半熟的, 煮成溏心儿的.
soft currency 
currency that is not convertible into gold or into certain other currencies which are more in demand 软通货; 软货币.
soft drug 
drug not likely to cause addiction (eg marijuana) and less dangerous than a hard drug such as heroin 软性毒品（不易使人上瘾且危害性不及海洛因之类的硬性毒品者, 如大麻）.
soft fruit 
small fruits without stones, such as strawberries and currants 无核小果（如草莓、 加仑子）.
soft-hearted 
adj sympathetic and kind, sometimes to too great an extent 有同情心的, 心肠软的（有时过分）: He's always lending her money; he's too soft-hearted. 他老是把钱借给她, 心肠也太软了. 
soft-heartedness 
n [U].
soft landing 
landing of a spacecraft (eg on the moon) that avoids damage or destruction  软着陆（航天器着陆而不受损, 如着陆於月球时）.
soft option 
(often derog 常作贬义) alternative which is thought to involve less work, inconvenience, etc 避重就轻的选择: Language courses are wrongly thought to be soft options. 人们误以为选修语言课程较轻松.
soft palate 
back part of the roof of the mouth 软颚.
soft-pedal 
v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] (infml 口) make (an issue, etc) seem less serious or important; play (sth) down 减弱（问题等）的严重性或重要性; 使（某事物）大事化小: The government has been soft-pedalling (on) the question of teachers' pay. 政府一直低调处理教师的工资问题.
soft porn 
pornography of a less explicit or violent type 软性色情作品（不太露骨的）. Cf 参看 hard porn (hard).
soft shoulder 
(also verge) soft edge at the side of a road that is not suitable for vehicles to drive on （不适宜车辆行驶的）软质路肩.
soft soap  
1 semi-liquid soap 半液体皂; 软肥皂.  2 (fig 比喻) persuasion by flattery （用奉承话的）劝诱; 灌米汤的做法: I'm tired of his soft soap! 他老是说好话想打动我, 我都听腻了! 
soft-soap 
v [Tn] (infml 口) persuade (sb) by flattery 以甜言蜜语打动（某人）; 向（某人）灌米汤: Don't try to soft-soap me; I'm not changing my mind. 别给我灌米汤了, 反正我不改主意.
soft-spoken 
adj having a gentle quiet voice 细声细气的: a ,soft-spoken young `woman 说话斯文的年轻女子.
software 
n [U] (computing 计) data, programmes, etc not forming part of a computer but used when operating it 软件. Cf 参看 hardware (hard1).
softwood 
n [C, U] wood from coniferous trees such as pine that is cheap to produce and can be cut easily 软木料, 软材（成本低、 易於切割的针叶木材, 如松木）. Cf 参看 hardwood (hard1).
soften
/ 5sCfn; ?@ 5sR:fn; `sRfEn/ v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become soft or softer （使某事物）软化, 变温和, 变柔和, 变软弱: The butter will soften out of the fridge. 黄油从冰箱中取出会变软. * The lampshade will soften the light. 这个灯罩能使光线柔和一些.  2 (phr v) soften sb up (a) weaken (an enemy's position) by shelling or bombing it heavily 用火力削弱（敌方阵地）. (b) (infml 口) make sb unable or less able to resist an attack or persuasion to buy sth, etc 瓦解或削弱某人的抗拒力（以便进攻或劝其购买某物等）: Housewives were softened up with free gifts before the salesmen began the hard talking. 推销员先用赠品打动家庭妇女的心, 接著就开始直截了当的兜售了.
softener 
n [U, C] chemical substance used for softening hard water; device using this 硬水软化剂; 硬水软化器.
soggy
/ 5sCgI; `sB^I/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 very wet; heavy with water 透湿的: The ground was soggy after heavy rain. 下了一场大雨, 地面很湿.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) moist and unpleasantly heavy 潮湿而沉重的:soggy bread 潮乎乎的面包. 
soggily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
sogginess 
n [U].
soh
/ sEU; so/ (also so, sol / sCl; sBl/) n the fifth note in the musical octave 八度音阶中的第五音.
soigne
/ 5swB:njeI; ?@ swB:5njeI; 9swB`nje/ adj (fem 阴性作 soignee) [usu pred 通常作表语] (French 法) (of a person's way of dressing, etc) carefully and fashionably arranged; elegant （指衣著等）考究入时, 高雅.
soil
/ sRIl; sRIl/ n [C, U]  1 upper layer of earth in which plants, trees, etc grow; ground 土壤; 泥土; 土地; 地面: good, poor, sandy, etc soil 良土、 瘠土、 沙土 * heavy soil 难耕的土地 * clay soil 黏土 * (rhet 修辞) a man of the soil, ie one who works on the land 庄稼人. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth.  2 (fml 文) country; territory 国家; 国土; 领土: one's native soil 祖国 * born on British soil 在英国出生.
soil 
v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become dirty （使某物）变脏: This material soils easily. 这种料子不禁脏. * a basket for soiled sheets, ie used ones that are waiting to be washed 盛放待洗被单的篮子 * He refused to soil his hands, ie refused to do dirty work. 他不愿把手弄脏（即拒绝干脏活）.
soiree
/ 5swB:reI; ?@ swB:5reI; swB`re/ n (fml 文) social gathering in the evening, esp for music, conversation, etc and often to help the aims of a club, society, etc 社交晚会（尤指可欣赏音乐者, 常用以推动某俱乐部、 协会等的运作）.
sojourn
/ 5sCdVEn; ?@ sEU5dV\:rn; so`dV[n/ v [I] (fml 文) stay (with sb) in a place for a time 在某处（某人家中）暂住: He sojourned with a friend in Wales for two weeks. 他在威尔士一个朋友那儿住了两个星期.
sojourn 
n (fml 文) temporary stay (in a place) （在某处的）临时逗留, 小住: a sojourn of two or three weeks in the mountains 在山里为时两三个星期的小住.
sol
= soh.
sol-fa
/ 9sCl5fB:; ?@ 9sEUl-; 9sol`fB/ n (also ,tonic sol-`fa) (in teaching sb to sing) method of showing musical notes by syllables (eg do, re, mi, fa, so, la, etc) （声乐教学中的）阶名唱法, 首调唱法（以do、 re、 mi、 fa、 so、 la等唱名唱出音符的方法）.
solace
/ 5sClIs; `sBlIs/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (thing that gives) comfort or relief (from pain, trouble, distress, etc) 安慰; 慰藉; 给予安慰的事物: The sick man found solace in music. 那男病人从音乐中获得了安慰. * His work has been a real solace to him. 他从工作中得到莫大的慰藉.
solace 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fml 文) give solace to sb 安慰某人: She was distracted with grief and refused to be solaced. 她悲痛得精神恍惚, 怎麽安慰也没用.
solar
/ 5sEUlE(r); `solL/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 of, concerningor related to the sun 太阳的; 关於太阳的; 与太阳相关的: solar energy 太阳能 * solar time 太阳时.  2 using the sun's energy 利用太阳能的: solar heating 太阳能加热 * solar-powered 以太阳能为动力的.
solar cell device 
(as used in satellites) that converts the energy of sunlight into electric energy 太阳能电池.
solar plexus 
/ 5pleksEs; `plZksEs/ n (a) system of nerves at the back of the stomach 腹腔丛. (b) (infml 口) stomach area below the ribs 上腹部; 胸口; 心口: a painful punch in the solar plexus 对心口击出的让对方叫痛的一拳.
the solar system 
the sun and the planets which move around it 太阳系
the solar year 
the time it takes the earth to go round the sun once, approximately 365 days 太阳年（地球绕太阳旋转一周所需的时间, 约 365 天）
solarium
/ sEU5leErIEm; so`lZrIEm/ n (pl ~s or, in formal or scientific use, solaria / sEU5leErIE; so`lZrIE/复数作solariums, 作庄重语或科技用语时复数作solaria) 1 place enclosed with glass, where sunlight can be enjoyed or used in treating patients 日光浴室; 日光治疗室.  2 bed equipped with special lights used for giving sb an artificial sun-tan or in treating certain medical conditions 日光浴床（设有特殊灯光, 用以晒黑皮肤或治疗某些疾病）: The new sports centre has saunas and solariums. 新建的运动中心设有蒸汽浴室及日光浴床.
sold
pt, pp of sell.
solder
/ 5sCldE(r); ?@ 5sCdEr; `sBdL/ n [U] soft mixture of metals used, when melted, for joining harder metals, wires, etc together 焊料; 焊锡.
solder 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (on/onto/to sth); ~ sth (up/on) join or mend sth with solder 用焊料连接或修补某物; 焊接某物: He soldered the wire back on. 他把金属丝重新焊了上去. 
soldering-iron 
n tool used, when heated, to solder things together （焊接用的）烙铁.
soldier
/ 5sEUldVE(r); `soldVL/ n  1 member (usu male) of an army, esp one who is not an officer 军人（通常指男性）; （尤指）士兵: two soldiers, a sailor and a civilian 两名士兵、 一名水手和一个平民 * The children were playing at soldiers. 孩子们玩著当军人的游戏.  2 (idm 习 语) a ,soldier of `fortune (dated 旧) person who will serve any country or person who will hire him as a soldier; mercenary 雇佣兵（可受雇为任何国家作战的）.
soldier 
v (phr v) soldier `on continue bravely with one's work, etc despite difficulties （不畏困难）勇往直前地工作等: The walkers soldiered on although the weather was terrible. 尽管天气恶劣, 但竞走运动员还是勇敢地继续前行. soldiering n [U] the life of a soldier 军人生活; 戎马生涯: enjoy soldiering 喜欢部队生活 * peace-time soldiering 和平时期的从军生活.
soldierly (also soldier-like) 
adj like a soldier; with the qualities of a soldier 像军人的; 有军人品质的: a tall, soldierly man 英武的大汉 * a soldierly bearing 军人的风度.
soldiery 
/ 5sEUldVErI; `soldVErI/ n [pl v] (dated fml 旧, 文) soldiers (of a specified, usu bad, type) as a class or group 军人, 当兵的（总称）（指某类型的, 通常指坏的）: the undisciplined soldiery 纪律涣散的军队 * brutal soldiery 兽兵.
sole
/ sEUl; sol/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 soles) [C, U] flat sea-fish that is eaten as food 鳎; 鳎目鱼: sole cooked in white sauce 奶油沙司鳎目鱼 * Would you like some more sole? 再来点鳎目鱼好吗?
sole
/ sEUl; sol/ n  1 bottom surface of the human foot, the part on which one walks and stands 脚掌. =>illus at foot 见 foot 插图.  2 part of a sock, shoe, etc covering this (usu not including the heel) 袜子、 鞋等的底部（通常不包括後跟）; 袜底; 鞋底: holes in the soles of his socks 他袜子底部的洞 * leather soles 皮制的鞋底 * The soles of his boots needed repairing. 他那双靴子的底该补了. =>illus at shoe 见 shoe 插图.
sole 
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] put a sole on (a shoe, etc) 给（鞋等）上底: have a pair of shoes soled and heeled 给一双鞋换底及打後掌.
-soled 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with soles of the specified kind 有某类型的脚掌、 袜底或鞋底的: rubber-soled boots.
sole
/ sEUl; sol/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 one and only; single 唯一的; 单独的: the sole cause of the accident 事故的唯一原因 * the sole survivor of the crash 那次车祸的唯一幸存者.  2 belonging to or restricted to one person or group; not shared 属於或限於一人或一组人的; 专有的; 独用的: have sole responsibility 单独负责 * We have the sole right to sell this range of goods. 我们有独家经销这类货物的权利.
solely 
/ 5sEUllI; `sollI/ adv alone; only 唯一地; 单独地; 只; 仅: solely responsible 单独负责的 * solely because of you 仅仅由於你的缘故
solecism
/ 5sClIsIzEm; `sBlE9sIzEm/ n (fml 文)  1 mistake in the use of language, esp one that shows sb to be foreign or of low social class 语言错误, 语病（尤指显示某人为外国人或社会阶层低下的）.  2 offence against good manners or etiquette 失礼.
solemn
/ 5sClEm; `sBlEm/ adj  1 not happy or smiling; looking very serious 不愉快的; 无笑容的; 表情严肃的: solemn faces 严肃的面孔 * look as solemn as a judge 像法官一样板著脸.  2 done, said, etc in a serious and committed way, after deep thought 庄重的; 郑重的; 深思熟虑的: a solemn promise, undertaking, pledge, etc 郑重的许诺、 保证、 誓言等.  3 performed with religious or other ceremony; formal 隆重的; 正式的; 庄严的: asolemn funeral procession 肃穆的送葬行列. 
solemnly
adv: `I have some distressing news for you,' he began solemnly. ｀有件伤心事要告诉你,＇他郑重其事地说道. 
solemnness 
n [U].
solemnize, solemnise
/ 5sClEmnaIz; `sBlEm9naIz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) perform (a religious ceremony, esp a wedding) 举行（宗教仪式, 尤指婚礼）: solemnize a marriage in church 在教堂举行婚礼.
solemnization, solemnisation 
/ 9sClEmnaI5zeIFn; ?@ -nI5z-;9sBlEmnE`zeFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) action of solemnizing 仪式的举行.
solemnity
/ sE5lemnEtI; sE`lZmnEtI/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] state or quality of being solemn; seriousness 庄严; 严肃: the solemnity of the occasion, moment, procession 那个场合、 时刻、 行列的庄严肃穆.  2 [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] solemn ceremony 郑重的仪式; 典礼: The Queen was crowned with all solemnity/with all the proper solemnities. 女王在隆重之至的典礼中加冕.
solenoid
/ 5sEUlEnRId; `solE9nRId/ n coil of wire that becomes magnetic when an electrical current is passed through it 螺线管: [attrib 作定语] a solenoid switch 电磁开关.
solicit
/ sE5lIsIt; sE`lIsIt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth); ~ (sth) (from sb) (fml 文) ask (sb) for (eg money, help, votes) earnestly; try to obtain (sth) 恳求（某人）给予（钱、 帮助等）; 向（某人）拉（选票）; 设法获得（某事物）: solicit (sb) for money/solicit money (from sb) 向（某人）要钱[（向某人）要钱] * solicit information about the new motorway 探询新的高速公路的情况 * Both candidates solicited my opinion. 两位候选人都来向我徵求意见.  2 [I, Tn] (of a prostitute) make a sexual offer (to sb), esp in a public place （指妓女）拉（客）（尤指在公共场所）: She was fined for soliciting. 她因拉客而被罚款.
solicitor
/ sE5lIsItE(r); sE`lIsEtL/ n  1 (Brit) lawyer who prepares legal documents (eg for the sale of land or buildings), advises clients on legal matters, and speaks for them in the lower courts 事务律师（其职责为处理如房地产买卖等法律文件、 答覆法律询问、 在初级法院出庭辩护等）. Cf 参看 advocate n 2, barrister.  2 (US) law officer of a city, town, etc （城镇等的）法务官.  3 (US) person who solicits trade, support, etc, esp by going from door to door; canvasser (eg for votes) 兜生意者, 游说者（尤指逐门逐户进行的）; 拉选票者.
Solicitor-General 
n (pl Solicitors-General) one of the chief law officers in the British Government, advising on legal matters （英国政府的）副检察长. Cf 参看 Attorney-General (attorney).
solicitous
/ sE5lIsItEs; sE`lIsItEs/ adj ~ (for/about sth/sb) (fml 文) very concerned and anxious about (sb's welfare, comfort, etc) 为（某人的福利、 安康等）操心的, 焦虑的: a solicitous husband 对妻子关怀备至的丈夫 * solicitous enquiries about her health 对她健康的关切的询问 * He was very solicitous for her safe return. 他心神不定, 祈望她平安归来.
solicitously 
adv (fml 文): He always enquires most solicitously about your health. 他总是极为关切地问起你的健康状况.
solicitude 
/ sE5lIsItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; sE`lIsE9tud/ n [U] ~ (for/about sth/sb) (fml 文) being solicitous; concern or anxiety 牵挂; 关心; 担心: my deep solicitude for your welfare 我对您的安康甚为挂念 * the solicitude of a caring husband for his wife 体贴的丈夫对妻子的关怀.
solid
/ 5sClId; `sBlId/ adj  1 not in the form of a liquid or gas; keeping its shape; firm 固体的; 保持形状的; 密实的: solid fuels, eg coal, wood 固体燃料（如煤、 木） * solid food, ie not liquid or slightly liquid 固体食物 * When water freezes it becomes solid and we call it ice. 水遇冷凝结, 称之为冰. * This horse has good solid muscle on him. 这匹马长得很结实.  2 without holes or spaces; not hollow 实心的; 无孔的; 无空隙的: a solid sphere 实心的球体 * The word `teapot' is a solid compound, ie not hyphenated. teapot是个连写的复合词（即中间无连字符）. * The demonstrators stood in a solid line with linked arms. 示威的人一字排开, 挽著手臂紧挨在一起.  3 (a) [attrib 作定语] of the same substance throughout; containing only one (specified) material 单一物质的; 纯的: solid gold bath taps 纯金的浴缸龙头 * steps cut in the solid rock 在整块岩石上凿出的台阶 * solid silver cutlery 纯银刀叉餐具. (b) of one (specified) colour only （某种）单一颜色的: the solid blue sky of the painting 那幅画上的一片蔚蓝的天空.  4 strong and firm in construction; able to support weight or resist pressure; substantial 坚固的; 结实的; 可支撑重物的; 耐压的; 实在的: solid buildings 坚固的建筑物 * solid furniture 结实的家具 * built on solid foundations 在坚实的地基上建造的 * on solid ground 在牢固的基础上.  5 that can be depended on; reputable and reliable 牢靠的; 有信誉的; 可靠的: solid arguments 有说服力的论点 * a solid business firm, ie one without financial or other problems 实力雄厚的公司 * a woman of solid character 为人可靠 的女子 * a good solid worker 工作出色、 可靠的人.  6 in complete agreement; unanimous 一致的: The miners were solid on this issue. 矿工们在这件事上是一条心的. * There was a solid vote in favour of the proposal. 提案获全体一致通过.  7 [attrib or immediately following a n 作定语或用於名词之後] without a break or pause; continuous 无间断的; 连续的: wait for a solid hour 整整等上一个钟头 * sleep ten solid hours/ten hours solid 一觉睡十个小时.  8 (geometry 几) having length, breadth and thickness; three-dimensional 立体的: a solid figure, eg a cube 立体图形（如立方体） * solid geometry, ie study of solid, not flat figures 立体几何学.  9 (idm 习语) firm/solid as a rock => rock1.
solid 
n   1 substance or object that is solid, not a liquid or gas 固体: Cheese is a solid; milk is a liquid. 乾酪是固体, 奶是液体. * The baby is not yet taking solids, ie solid foods. 那婴儿还不能吃固体食物.  2 (geometry 几) figure of three dimensions, having length, breadth and thickness 立体图形: A cube is a solid. 正方体是立体图形.
solidity 
/ sE5lIdEtI; sE`lIdEtI/ (also solidness) n [U] quality or state of being solid 固态; 纯度; 可靠性; 坚固性: the solidity of a building, argument, metal 建筑物的坚固性、 论据的可信性、 金属的纯度.
solidly 
adv  1 firmly and substantially 坚固地; 结实地: solidly-built foundations 打得很坚固的基础 * These cars are solidly constructed. 这些汽车制造得很结实.  2 continuously 连续地: It rained solidly for three hours.雨不停地下了三个小时.  3 agreeing completely; unanimously 一致地: We are solidly united on this issue. 我们在这个问题上是团结一致的.
solid-state 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of electronicdevices) using only transistors, ie without valves （指电子装置）固态的, 全晶体管的: a ,solid-state `amplifier 固态放大器.
solidarity
/ 9sClI5dArEtI; 9sBlE`dArEtI/ n [U] unity and agreement resulting from shared interests, feelings, actions, sympathies, etc 团结; 一致: national solidarity in the face of danger 危难当头举国团结一致 * `We must show solidarity with the strikers,' declared the student leaders. 学生领袖声称: ｀我们要申明与罢工工人团结一致.＇
solidify
/ sE5lIdIfaI; sE`lIdE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become solid, hard or firm （使某物）变为固体, 变硬, 变得坚固: The paint had solidified in the tin. 罐子里的颜料已经乾了. * The mixture solidifies into toffee. 这种混合物凝结之後就成了太妃糖. * (fig 比喻) Vague objections to the system solidified into firm opposition. 对该体制隐约的反感演变成了坚决的反抗. 
solidification 
/ sE9lIdIfI5keIFn; sE9lIdEfE`keFEn/ n [U].
soliloquy
/ sE5lIlEkwI; sE`lIlEkwI/ n [C, U] (instance of) speaking one's thoughts aloud, esp in a play when a character does this without another character being present on stage 自言自语; （尤指戏剧中的）独白: Hamlet's famous soliloquy 哈姆雷特的一段著名的独白.
soliloquize, soliloquise 
/ sE5lIlEkwaIz; sE`lIlE9kwaIz/ v [I] (fml 文) talk to oneself; say one's thoughts aloud, esp in a play 自言自语; （尤指戏剧中）用独白表达: (joc 谑) soliloquizing in front of the bathroom mirror 对著卫生间的镜子自言自语.
solipsism
/ 5sClIpsIzEm; `sBlIpsIzm/ n [U] (philosophy 哲) theory that one can have knowledge only of the self 唯我论（认为人的认识只限於自我）.
solitaire
/ 9sClI5teE(r); ?@ 5sClIteE(r); `sBlE9tZr/ n  1 [U] game for one person in which marbles, balls, pegs, etc are removed from their places on a special board after other pieces are moved over them, the object being to have only one piece left on the board 自娱棋（单人游戏, 用弹子、 小球、 栓棒等棋子在棋盘上跳越走棋, 移去被跳过的棋子, 直到只剩下一粒为止）.  2 = patience3.3 [C] (piece of jewellery such as a ring or an ear-ring having a) single gem or jewel 独粒宝石; 镶有独粒宝石的饰物（如戒指或耳环）: [attrib 作定语] a solitaire diamond 独粒钻石.
solitary
/ 5sClItrI; ?@ -terI; `sBlE9tZrI/ adj  1 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (living) alone; without companions 单独的; 独居的; 独自的: a solitary walk 独自一人的散步 * lead a solitary life 过独居的生活 * One solitary tree grew on the mountainside. 山腰上孤零零地长著一棵树. (b) fond of being alone; used to being alone 喜欢独处的; 习惯於独处的: a solitary kind of person 喜欢离群索居的人.  2 not often visited; in a lonely remote place 人迹罕至的; 荒僻的: a solitary valley 荒僻的山谷 * far-flung solitary villages 偏远冷清的村落. =>Usage at alone 用法见alone.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp in negative sentences and questions 尤用於否定句和疑问句中) only one; single 唯一的; 仅有的: There's not a solitary instance (ie not even one) of this having happened before. 这样的事以前一次也没有发生过. * She couldn't answer a solitary question correctly. 她连一个问题都答不对.
solitarily 
/ 5sClItrElI; ?@ 9sClI5terElI; 9sBlE`tZrElI/ adv.
solitary 
n  1 [U] (infml 口) = solitary confinement: He's in solitary for the weekend. 他周末遭单独禁闭.  2 [C] (fml 文) person who chooses to live completely alone; hermit 喜欢完全独居的人; 隐士.
solitary confinement 
(also infml 口语作 solitary) prison punishment in which sb is kept alone in a separate cell 隔离监禁: He has been put in solitary confinement for attacking another prisoner. 他因伤害另一囚犯而被隔离监禁.
solitude
/ 5sClItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; `sBlE9tud/ n [U] (state or quality of) being alone without companions; solitary state 孤单; 独居: not fond of solitude 不喜欢孤身一人 * She enjoys the solitude of her own flat. 她喜欢独自在自己的公寓里.
solo
/ 5sEUlEU; `solo/ n (pl ~s)  1 [C] piece of music, dance, entertainment, etc performed by only one person 独唱歌曲; 独奏曲; 独舞; 单人表演: a violin, piano, flute, etc solo 小提琴、 钢琴、 长笛等的独奏 * sing a solo 唱一首独唱歌曲.  2 [C] flight in which the pilot flies alone without an instructor （飞行员无教练员相伴的）单独飞行: The trainee pilot flew his first solo today. 那个受训的飞行员今天首次单独飞行.  3 [U] type of whist (a card-game) in which one player opposes others 惠斯特纸牌戏中一人对三人的玩法.
solo 
adj [attrib 作定语], adv  1 by oneself, without a companion, etc 独自（的）; 单独（的）: a solo attempt 独自进行的尝试 * his first solo flight 他的首次单独飞行 * She wanted to fly solo across the Atlantic. 她想单人驾驶飞机飞越大西洋.  2 of, concerning or performed as a solo(1) 单人表演（的）: a fine solo performance on the flute 优美的长笛独奏 * a piece for solo cello 大提琴独奏曲 * sing solo 独唱.
soloist 
n person who performs a musical solo 独唱者; 独奏者.
solstice
/ 5sClstIs; `sBlstIs/ n either of the two times of the year at which the sun is furthest North or South of the equator 至日; 冬至或夏至: summer solstice, ie about 21 June in the Northern hemisphere 夏至 * winter solstice, ie about 22 December in the Northern hemisphere 冬至. Cf 参看 equinox.
soluble
/ 5sCljUbl; `sBljEbl/ adj  1 ~ (in sth) that can be dissolved 可溶的: soluble aspirin 溶解性阿司匹林 * tablets soluble in water 可溶於水的药片 * water-soluble vitamins, ie that can be dissolved in water 水溶维生素.  2 (fml 文) that can be solved or explained; solvable 可解决的; 可解释的; 可解答的: problems that are not readily soluble 不易解决的问题. 
solubility 
/ 9sCljU5bIlEtI; 9sBljE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
solution
/ sE5lu:Fn; sE`luFEn/ n  1 [U, C] ~ (to sth) (action or way of finding an) answer to a problem, question, difficulty, etc 解决; 解答; 解释; 答案; 解决方法: problems that defy solution, ie cannot be solved 无法解决的问题 * the solution to a crossword puzzle 纵横填字谜的谜底 * She can find no solution to her financial troubles. 她经济困难无法克服. * Resorting to violence is not the best solution to an argument. 使用武力不是解决争执的上策.  2 [C, U] liquid in which sth is dissolved; state of being dissolved 溶液; 溶解状态: a solution of salt in water 盐的水溶液 * salt in solution 溶解状态的盐.  3 [U] process of dissolving a solid or a gas in liquid 溶解过程: the solution of sugar in tea 糖在茶中的溶解.
solve
/ sClv; sBlv/ v [Tn]  1 find an answer to (a problem, etc); explain or make clear (a mystery, etc) 解决, 解答（难题等）; 解释, 揭示（秘密等）: solve a crossword puzzle 解纵横填字谜 * solve a mathematical equation 解数学 方程式 * solve a crime 破案.  2 find a way of dealing with (a difficulty, etc) 解决（困难等）: Help me to solve my financial troubles. 请帮我解决经济困难.
solvable 
adj that can be solved or explained; soluble(2) 可解决的; 可解释的; 可解答的: problems that are not immediately solvable 不能马上得到解决的问题.
solver 
n (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person who finds an answer or a solution 解答或解决问题者: a crime-solver 破案者 * He's a good problem-solver. 他解决难题很拿手.
solvent
/ 5sClvEnt; `sBlvEnt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语]  1 having enough money to pay one's debts; not in debt 有偿付能力; 不负债: He's never solvent. 他总也还不清债.  2 (fml 文) that can dissolve another substance 有溶解力: the solvent action of water 水的溶解作用.
solvent 
n (U, C] substance (esp a liquid) that can dissolve another substance 溶剂; 溶媒: Petrol is a good grease solvent, ie dissolves grease well. 汽油是一种有效的油脂溶剂.
solvency 
/ -nsI; -nsI/ n [U] being solvent(1) 偿付能力.
sombre (US somber) 
/ 5sCmbE(r); `sBmbL/ adj  1 dark-coloured; dull and dismal 暗淡的; 阴沉的: sombre clothes 暗色的衣服 * a sombre January day 一月份中一个阴沉的日子.  2 sad and serious 忧郁的; 严峻的: a sombre expression on his face 他脸上忧郁的神情 * a sombre picture of the future of the world 世界未来的惨淡写照. 
sombrely 
adv: sombrely dressed 衣著素淡的. 
sombreness 
n [U].
sombrero
/ sCm5breErEU; sBm`brZro/ n (pl ~ s) man's felt or straw hat with a very wide brim (as worn in Latin American countries, esp Mexico) 阔边毡帽, 阔边草帽（如墨西哥等拉丁美洲国家男子所戴的）.
some
/ sEm; sEm/ indef det (used in affirmative sentences,or in questions expecting a positive reply; after if/whether, when the sentence has a positive emphasis; and in invitations and requests 用於肯定句或希望得到肯定回答的问句; 置於if/whether之後, 语义偏重於肯定; 用以表示邀请和请求)  1 (used with [U] ns 与不可数名词连用) an unspecified amount of 一些; 若干: There's some ice in the fridge. 冰箱里有些冰块儿. * Some mail came for you this morning. 今天上午有你的邮件. * You left some money on the table. 你把钱落在桌子上了. * Would you like some milk in your tea? 要不要在茶里加点儿牛奶? * Isn't there some (more) wine in the cellar? 酒窖里（还）有酒吗? * If you save some money each week, we can go on holiday. 要是你每星期能存点儿钱, 咱们就可以外出度假了. * Please have some cake. 请吃点儿蛋糕.  2 (used with pl [C] ns, usu referring to three or more 与复数可数名词连用, 通常指三个或三个以上) an unspecified number of 一些; 若干: Some children were playing in the park. 有些小孩儿在公园里玩儿. * Why don't you give her some flowers? 何不送给她一些花? (Cf 参看 I suggest you give her some flowers.) * Didn't you borrow some records of mine? 你没向我借过一些唱片吗? (Cf 参看 You borrowed some records of mine, didn't you?) * If you put some pictures on the wall the room will look brighter. 你要是在墙上挂几幅画, 这个房间就更有生气. Cf 参看 any1.
some
/ sQm; sQm/ indef det  1 (used with [C] and [U] ns 与可数和不可数名词连用) (a) a number or amount of sth that is less than the total being considered 部分; 有些: Some people have naturally beautiful voices while others need to be trained. 有些人生就一副好嗓子, 有些人则需要训练. * Some modern music sounds harsh and tuneless. 现代音乐中有一些又刺耳又不成调子. (b) a considerable number or amount of 相当多的; 好些: We went some (ie several) miles out of our way. 我们偏离原定路线走了好几英里. * That is some help to us, ie It helps to a certain extent. 那对我们很有用. * I shall be gone (for) some time, ie for quite a long time. 我将有好些日子不在这儿. * The headmistress spoke at some (ie considerable) length. （女）校长讲话讲了好一会儿.  2 (used with sing [C] ns 与单数可数名词连用) person, place or thing that is unknown or unspecified 未知的或未确指的人、 地点或事物: Some man at the door is asking to see you. 门口有人要见你. * She won a competition in some newspaper or other. 她参加某报纸举办的比赛获胜.  3 (used with numbers 与数词连用) approximately 大约; 近於: He spent some twelve years of his life in Africa. 他在非洲度过了近十二个年头. * Some thirty people attended the funeral. 参加葬礼的约有三十人.
some
/ sQm; sQm/ indef pron  1 an unspecified number or amount of people or things 一些人或事物. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Some were at the meeting yesterday. 有些人昨天出席了会议. * You'll find some in the cupboard. 柜橱里有一些. * There's some (more) in the pot. 锅里（还）有一些. * I already have some but it's not enough for six. 我有一些, 但不够六个人的. (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): Some of the chairs are broken. 有些椅子坏了. * Some of the money was stolen. 有些钱给偷走了.  2 part of the whole number or amount being considered 其中的一部分. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Thirty people came  some stayed until the end but many left early. 来了三十人--有些人一直呆到最後, 但很多人先走了. (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): Some of the students had done their homework but most hadn't. 有些学生做了作业, 但大多数都没做. * Some of the letter was illegible. 那封信有些字难以辨认. Cf 参看 any2.
-some
suff 後缀  1 (with ns and vs forming adjs 与名词和动词构成形容词) producing; likely to 引起...的; 有...倾向的: fearsome * quarrelsome * meddlesome.  2 (with numbers forming ns 与数词构成名词) group of the specified number 某数目的一组: threesome.
somebody
/ 5sQmbEdI; `sQmbEdI/ (also someone / 5sQmwQn; `sQm9wQn/) indef pron  1 some person 某人; 有人: There's somebody at the door. 门口有个人. * Somebody from your office phoned. 你的办公室有人来过电话. * If you saw somebody drowning what would you do? 假若看见有人快淹死了, 你怎麽办呢?  2 an important person 重要人物: He thinks he's really somebody. 他自以为很了不起.
somebody
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Indefinite pronouns such as somebody, someone, everyone, no one, etc are singular and, grammatically, should be followed by othersingular pronouns (he, she, his, her, etc). *somebody、someone、 everyone、 no one等不定代词均为单数, 根据语法规则, 後面应该用其他单数代词（he、 she、 his、 her等）. Traditionally, if the sex of the person is unknown, the masculine pronouns he, him, his have been used to refer to both females and males 按照传统用法, 若性别不详则男女两性均用阳性代词he、 him、 his表示: Everybody has his own view of what happened. 对於所发生的事情, 各人有各人的看法. * Somebody has lost his car keys. 有人把汽车钥匙丢了. * Did anybody hurt himself? 有人受伤了吗? Many people today consider this shows sexual bias and try to avoid it. 如今很多人认为这种用法有性别偏见之嫌, 因而尽量加以避免. The preferred way, especially in speech, is to use they, them or their with a singular neutral meaning 较为可取的方法是使用they、 them或their, 并赋以单数的中性含义, 尤用於口语: Everyone said they would help. 大家都表示要帮忙. *  Either John or Jane has to give up their job. 不是约翰就是简, 总有一个得放弃工作. Another way, especially in writing, is to use(s)he, he or she, him or her, his or her, though some people find this clumsy 另一种方法尤见於书面形式, 是使用(s)he、 he or she、 him or her、 his or her, 但有些人认为过於累赘: Somebody has lost his or her car keys. 有人把汽车钥匙丢了. A third possibility is to rephrase the sentence to make the subject plural, thus avoiding the problem 第三种用法是修改句子, 使主语变为复数以避开这个问题: Did any of you hurt yourselves? 有人受伤了吗? See also note on usage at he. 参见 he 词条的用法说明.
someday
/ 5sQmdeI; `sQm9de/ indef adv (also some day) at some time in the future 将来有一天; 他日: Someday we'll be together. 我们总有一天能聚在一起. * Some day he will be a king. 有朝一日他能当上国王. Cf 参看 some2 2.
somehow
/ 5sQmhaU; `sQm9haJ/ (US also someway / 5sQmweI; `sQm9we/) indef adv  1 in some way; by some means 以某种方式; 通过某种途径: We must stop him from seeing her somehow. 我们得想个办法不能让他再 跟她来往. * Somehow we must get to Glasgow. 我们得设法到格拉斯哥去.  2 for a reason that is unknown or unspecified 由於未知的或未确指的原因: Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him. 不知什麽缘故, 我觉得不能信任他. * I always knew I'd get the job, somehow. 也不知为什麽, 我总是觉得我能得到那份工作.
someone
/ 5sQmwQn; `sQm9wQn/ indef pron = somebody.
someplace
/ 5sQmpleIs; `sQmples/ indef adv (esp US) = somewhere.
somersault
/ 5sQmEsR:lt; `sQmL9sRlt/ n acrobatic rolling movement in which a person turns his feet over his head on the ground or in the air （杂技中的）滚翻, 空翻, 跟头: A gymnast on the trampoline was turning (ie performing) somersaults. 有个体操运动员正在蹦床上做空翻.
somersault 
v [I, Ipr] perform a somersault or somersaults 做滚翻; 做空翻; 翻跟头: The child somersaulted across the gymnasium. 那孩子翻著跟头从体育馆这头翻到那头.
something
/ 5sQmWIN; `sQmWIN/ indef pron  1 some thing 某事物: There's something under the table. 桌子底下有个东西. * I want something to eat. 我想要点儿吃的. * Have you got something I could read? 你有什麽可让我读读的吗? * There's something interesting on the front page. 头版上有些有意思的消息.  2 some thing thought to be significant 被视为有意义的事物: There's something (ie some truth, some fact or opinion worth considering) in what she says. 她说的有点道理. * It's something (ie a thing that one should feel happy about) to have a job at all these days. 这年头有一份工作就算不错了. * He's something/He does something in (ie He has a job connected with) television. 他是干电视这一行的.  3 (idm 习语) or something (infml 口) or another thing similar to that mentioned 或诸如此类的事物: She's writing a dictionary or something. 她在编写词典之类的书. * He hit a tree or something. 他撞上了一棵树或其他什麽东西. * She rescued three children from a fire or something. 她从一起火灾之类的事故中救出了三个孩子. ,something like (a) `sb/sth (a) partially similar to sb/sth 类似某人[某事物]: A thesaurus is something like a dictionary. 类语词典与普通词典相仿. * The ceremony was something like a christening. 那个典礼有点像洗礼仪式. * The tune goes something like this. 那曲调大致是这样的. (b) approximately sb/sth 近似於某人[某事物]: He earns something like 35000. 他的收入在35000英镑上下. something `like it roughly what is required or desirable 大致符合要求或符合愿望的事物: That's something like it, ie That will be satisfactory. 那样就差不多了. something of a sth to some degree 达到某种程度: She found herself something of a celebrity. 她意识到自己已小有名气了. * I'm something of an expert on antiques. 我对古董略有研究.
sometime
/ 5sQmtaIm; `sQm9taIm/ indef adv (also some time) at a particular but unspecified time 在某个时候: I saw him sometime last summer. 去年夏天的某个时候我曾经见过他. * Phone me some time next week. 下星期什麽时候给我打个电话吧. Cf 参看 some2 2.
sometime 
adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) formerly 从前的: Thomas Atkins, sometime vicar of this parish 托马斯·阿特金斯, 本牧区从前的牧师.
sometimes
/ 5sQmtaImz; `sQm9taImz/ indef adv at some times but not all the time; occasionally 有时候; 间或; 偶尔: He sometimes writes to me. 他间或给我写写信. * Sometimes I go by car. 有时我坐汽车去. * Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we sunbathed on the patio. 我们有时去海滩, 有时在院子里做日光浴.
someway
/ 5sQmweI; `sQm9we/ indef adv (infml 口 esp US) = somehow.
somewhat
/ 5sQmwCt; ?@ -hwCt; `sQm9hwBt/ indef adv to some degree; rather 达到某种程度; 颇为: I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我有点吃惊. * He answered somewhat nervously. 他回答时有些局促不安.
somewhere
/ 5sQmweE(r); ?@ -hweEr; `sQm9hwZr/ (US also someplace) indef adv in, at or to some place 在某处; 到某处: He lost it somewhere between here and the station. 他在从这儿到车站的这段路上把它给丢了. * I'm going somewhere else (ie to a different place) this evening. 今晚我去另一个地方.
somewhere 
indef pron some place 某处: I'll thinkof somewhere to stay. 我要找个住处. * I know somewhere(where) you can eat Japanese food. 我认识个地方, 可以吃日本菜.
somnambulism
/ sCm5nAmbjUlIzEm; sBm`nAmbjE9lIzEm/ n [U] (fml 文) activity or habit of walking in one's sleep; sleep-walking 梦行（症）; 梦游.
somnambulist 
/ -lIst; -lIst/ n (fml 文) person who does this; sleep-walker 梦行者; 梦游者.
somnolent
/ 5sCmnElEnt; `sBmnElEnt/ adj (fml 文)  1 almost asleep; sleepy; drowsy 瞌睡的; 困的; 昏昏欲睡的: feeling rather somnolent after a large lunch 中午饱餐一顿後有些困.  2 causing or suggesting sleep 使人瞌睡的; 催眠的: The noise of the stream had a pleasantly somnolent effect. 小河潺潺的流水声有宜人的催眠效果.
somnolence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] (fml 文) sleepiness; drowsiness 瞌睡; 困乏.
somnolently 
adv.
son
/ sQn; sQn/ n  1 [C] male child of a parent 儿子: I have a son and two daughters. 我有一个儿子和两个女儿.  2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (rhet 修辞) male descendant; male member of a family, country, etc 男性後代; 子孙; 家庭、 国家等的男性成员: one of France's most famous sons 最著名的法国男儿 * sons of the tribe going out to hunt 部落中外出打猎的男人 * (fig 比喻) a son of the soil, ie sb who follows his father in working on the land （继承父业的）农夫.  3 (form of address used by an older man to a young man or boy 年长者对年轻或年幼男子的称呼): `What's the matter with you, son?' asked the doctor. ｀孩子, 哪儿不舒服哇?＇医生问道. * `What is it you want to tell me, my son?' asked the priest. ｀年轻人, 你有什麽话要对我说呢?＇教士问道. * (derog 贬) Listen, son, don't start giving me orders. 听著, 小伙子, 别来对我发号施令.  4 the Son [sing] Jesus Christ 圣子; 耶稣基督: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit 圣父、 圣子、 圣灵.  5 (idm 习语) like father, like son => father1. a ,son of a `bitch (<!> sl 讳, 俚) unpleasant person; bastard 狗东西; 狗娘养的; 混蛋: I'll kill that son of a bitch when I get my hands on him! 等我抓到那狗东西就把他给宰了!
son-in-law 
n (pl `sons-in-law) husband of one's daughter 女婿.
the Son of God, the Son of Man 
Jesus Christ 圣子; 耶稣基督.
son et lumiere
/ 9sCn eI lu:5mjeE(r); 9sonelum`jZr/ (French 法) night-time entertainment at a famous building or place, where its history is told and acted with special lighting and sound effects 名胜掌故晚会（在著名的建筑物或场所就地举行, 以讲述和表演的形式再现该处历史, 并配以灯光和音响效果）: son et lumiere in the grounds of a ruined abbey 在一座大修道院的废墟上举行的该处名胜掌故晚会.
sonar
/ 5sEUnB:(r); `sonBr/ n [U] device or system for detecting and locating objects under water by means of reflected sound waves 声纳装置; 声纳系统. Cf 参看 radar.
sonata
/ sE5nB:tE; sE`nBtE/ n piece of music composed for one instrument (eg the piano), or two (eg piano and violin), usu with three or four movements 奏鸣曲: Bach's cello sonatas 巴赫的大提琴奏鸣曲.
song
/ sCN; ?@ sR:N; sRN/ n  1 [C] (usu short) poem set to music and intended to be sung 歌; 歌曲; 歌词: a popular song 流行歌曲 * a collection of folk-songs 民歌集 * a beautiful love-song 优美的情歌.  2 [U] music for the voice; (activity of) singing 声乐; 歌唱: burst into song, ie suddenly begin singing 突然唱起歌来.  3 [U] musical call or sound(s) made by a bird 鸟鸣: the song of the thrush 鸫鸟的鸣唱 * the song of the birds 鸟的鸣声 * birdsong 鸟鸣.  4 (idm 习语) for a `song (infml 口) at a very low price; cheaply 以很低的价钱; 便宜地: This table was going for a song at the market. 这张桌子正在市场上廉价出售. (make) a song and `dance (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) (make) a great fuss (about sth), usu unnecessarily （对某事物）小题大作: You may be a bit upset, but it's really nothing to make a song and dance about. 你尽管有些苦恼, 但实在不必小题大作. sing a different song/tune => sing. wine, women and song => wine.
songster 
/ -stE(r); -stL/ n (dated or fml 旧或文) singer; songbird 歌唱者; 歌手; 鸣禽: merry songsters singing carols 欢乐地唱著颂歌的歌手.
songstress 
/ -strIs; -strIs/ n (dated or fml 旧或文) female singer 女性歌唱者; 女歌手.
songbird 
n bird noted for its musical cry 鸣禽: Blackbirds and thrushes are songbirds. 黑鹂和鸫.
song-book 
n collection of songs (with both words and music) 歌曲集; 歌本: a children's song-book 儿歌集.
songwriter 
n person who composes (usu popular) songs as a profession 歌曲（通常指流行歌曲）作家.
sonic
/ 5sCnIk; `sBnIk/ adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) relating to sound, sound-waves or the speed of sound 声音的; 声波的; 声速的.
sonic barrier 
= sound barrier (sound).
sonic boom 
noise made when an aircraft exceeds the speed of sound 声震, 音爆（飞行器超过声速时发出的声音）.
sonnet
/ 5sCnIt; `sBnIt/ n type of poem containing 14 lines, each of 10 syllables, and with a formal pattern of rhymes 十四行诗（每行十个音节、 韵律规范的诗体）: Shakespeare's sonnets 莎士比亚的十四行诗.
sonny
/ 5sQnI; `sQnI/ n (infml 口) (familiar, sometimes patronizing, form of address used by an older person to a young boy or young man 用作长者对年幼或年轻男子的昵称, 有时含屈尊意): Run along now, sonny; mummy wants to have a rest. 乖乖, 走开吧; 妈妈想歇一会儿. * Don't try to teach me my job, sonny. 小伙子, 我的工作用不著你来指教.
sonorous
/ 5sCnErEs, also sE5nR:rEs; `sBnErEs, sE`nRrEs/ adj (fml 文)  1 having a full deep sound （声音）圆润低沉的: a sonorous voice 圆润低沉的嗓音 * the sonorous tones of the priest 教士那圆润低沉的声调 * a sonorous bell 声音圆润低沉的钟.  2 (of language, words, etc) sounding impressive and important （指语言、 文字等）感人的, 堂皇的: a sonorous style of writing 华丽的文体. 
sonority 
/ sE5nCrEtI; ?@ -5nR:r-; sE`nRrEtI/ n [U] (fml 文): the sonority of the bass voices 男低音部的低沉声音. 
sonorously 
adv.
soon
/ su:n; sun/ adv  1 (used in mid-position with the v or, esp with too, quite, very, in end position 与动词连用置於句中; 尤与too、 quite、 very连用置於句末) not long after the present time or the time mentioned; within a short time 不久: We shall soon be home. 我们快到家了. * We soon got there. 我们很快就到那儿了. * We shall be home quite soon now. 我们这就快到家了. * He'll be here very soon. 他马上就要到这儿了. * It will soon be five years since we came to live in Cairo. 我们来到开罗居住快五年了.  2 (often in the pattern thesooner...the sooner... 常用於the sooner...the sooner...的结构中) early; quickly 早; 很快地: How soon can you be ready? 你最快要多长时间才能准备好? * Must you leave so soon? 你真得这麽早就走吗? * She will be here sooner than you expect. 她很快就到, 比你预料的要早. * The sooner you begin the sooner you'll finish, ie If you begin earlier you'll finish earlier. 早开始早结束. * The sooner you leave the sooner you'll be home. 早走早到家.  3 (idm 习语) as `soon as (used as a conj 用作连词) at the moment that; not later than (the moment when) 一...就...; 不迟於: He left as soon as he heard the news. 他一听到这事儿就走了. * I'll tell him as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就告诉他. * He didn't arrive as soon as we'd hoped. 他到达的时间比我们预期的要迟. (just) as soon do sth (as do sth) with equal willingness or readiness (as) 同样乐於做某事（像做另一事一样）: I'd (just) as soon stay at home as go for a walk. 我呆在家里也行, 出去散步也行. least said soonest mended => least. no ,sooner ,said than `done (of a promise, question, request, etc) done, fulfilled, etc immediately （指诺言、 问题、 要求等）说到立即做、 履行、 解决、 满足等. no sooner...than immediately when or after 一...就...: He had no sooner/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就被支走了. soon after (sb/sth) a short time after (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）之後不久: He arrived ,soon after `three. 他是刚过三点的时候到的. * They left ,soon after `we did. 我们走後不久他们也离开了. * I rang for a taxi and it arrived soon `after. 我打电话叫了计程车, 不一会儿车就到了. the ,sooner the `better as quickly as possible 越快越好: `When should I ask him?' `The sooner the better.' ｀我什麽时候问他好呢?＇｀越快越好.＇ ,sooner or `later one day; eventually (whether soon or later on) 早晚; 迟早; 总有一天: You should tell her, because she'll find out sooner or later. 你还是告诉她吧, 因为她迟早会发觉的. sooner do sth (than do sth) (fml 文) rather do sth 宁愿做某事: She would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals. 她宁可辞职也不愿参与这种不正当的买卖. * Go back there? I'd sooner emigrate! 回去? 我宁可移居海外也不回去! * Will you tell him, or would you sooner (ie prefer it if) I did? 是你去告诉他呢, 还是你愿意让我去告诉他呢? speak too soon => speak.
soot
/ sUt; sJt/ n [U] black powder in the smoke of wood, coal, etc 炱; 烟中的黑灰: sweep the soot out of the chimney 把烟囱里的黑灰扫掉 * One small fire in the kitchen covered the whole house in soot. 厨房里只有一个小火炉就把整个房子都熏黑了.
soot 
v (phr v) soot sth up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cover sth with soot 使某物蒙上黑烟灰: The flue has become sooted up. 烟道里都是黑灰.
sooty 
adj  1 covered with soot; black with soot 有黑烟灰的; 被烟炱熏黑的: the chimney-sweep's sooty face 烟囱清扫工满是黑灰的脸.  2 of the colour of soot; black 烟炱的颜色; 乌黑的: a sooty cat 黑猫.
soothe
/ su:T; suT/ v [Tn]  1 make (a person who is distressed, anxious, etc) quiet or calm; calm or comfort 使（悲伤、 焦虑等的人）平静或镇定; 安慰; 抚慰: soothe a crying baby 哄啼哭的小孩儿.  2 make (pains, aches, etc) less severe or painful; ease 使（痛苦、 疼痛等）变轻; 缓解: soothe sb's toothache 使某人牙痛减轻 * This will help to soothe your sunburn. 这有助於减轻你晒伤处的疼痛. > soothing adj: soothing music 令人舒畅的音乐 * a soothing voice 有安抚作用的嗓音 * a soothing lotion 润肤液. soothingly adv: `There, there,' he said soothingly, `Don't distress yourself!' ｀好了, 好了,＇他安慰道, ｀别伤心了!＇
soothsayer
/ 5su:WseIE(r); `suW9seL/ n (arch 古) fortune-teller; prophet 占卜者; 预言者: the soothsayer in Shakespeare's `Julius Caesar' 莎士比亚的剧作《裘力斯·凯撒》中的预言家.
sop
/ sCp; sBp/ n  1 [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) thing offered to a displeased or troublesome person to calm him or win his favour 用以慰藉或讨好某人的事物: offered as a sop to his anger 给他消气儿用的 * The child was given a prize as a sop to her disappointed parents. 给那孩子一个奖品是为了安慰她父母的失望心情.  2 [C] piece of bread, etc dipped in liquid (eg milk, soup) before being eaten or cooked 泡湿的面包片等（如浸过牛奶、 汤等）.
sop 
v (-pp-) (infml 口)  1 [Tn] dip or soak (bread, etc) in liquid 将（面包等）在液体中蘸或浸泡: sop bread in soup 把面包浸在汤中.  2 (phr v) sop sth up take up (liquid, etc) with a sponge, cloth, etc 用海绵、 布等吸起（液体等）: Sop up the water with a paper towel. 用纸巾把水吸乾.
sopping 
adj, adv very wet; drenched 很潮湿的; 湿透的: Your clothes are sopping (wet)! 你的衣服湿透了!
sophist
/ 5sCfIst; `sBfIst/ n (fml 文) person who uses clever but false arguments intended to deceive 诡辩者: Many politicians are cunning sophists. 许多政客都是狡猾的诡辩家.
sophism 
/ 5sCfIzEm; `sBfIzEm/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (use of) such arguments 诡辩; 诡辩之辞.
sophisticated
/ sE5fIstIkeItId; sE`fIstI9ketId/ adj  1 having or showing much worldly experience and knowledge of fashionable life （显得）世故的, 老练的, 高雅时髦的: a sophisticated woman 老於世故的女子* wearing sophisticated clothes 穿著考究的衣服 * sophisticated tastes 高雅的口味.  2 complicated and refined; elaborate; subtle 复杂的; 精良的; 精细的; 尖端的: sophisticated modern weapons 精良的现代武器 * sophisticated devices used in spacecraft 航天器中的尖端装置 * a sophisticated discussion, argument, etc 缜密的讨论、 论点等.
sophisticate 
/ sE5fIstIkeIt; sE`fIstI9ket/ n (often ironic 常作反语) sophisticated person 老於世故的人: The sophisticates in the office drink lemon tea; we have coffee. 办公室里那些不同凡俗的人喝的是柠檬茶, 我们这些人喝咖啡.
sophistication 
/ sE9fIstI5keIFn; sE9fIstI`keFEn/ n [U] quality of being sophisticated 世故; 复杂性: proud of her newly-acquired sophistication 她因最近学得老成而自豪 * the sophistication of modern aircraft 现代飞行器的高精尖.
sophistry
/ 5sCfIstrI; `sBfIstrI/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] use of sophisms 诡辩术: He won the argument by sophistry. 他靠诡辩赢了那场争论. (b) [C] instance or example of this 诡辩: the sophistries of the discussion 讨论中的诡辩.
sophomore
/ 5sCfEmR:(r); `sBfm9Rr/ n (US) student in the second year of a course at a high school, college or university （中学、 专科学校或大学的）二年级学生.
soporific
/ 9sCpE5rIfIk; 9sBpE`rIfIk/ n, adj (substance, medicine, drink, etc) causing sleep 催眠的（物质、 药剂、 饮料等）: a soporific drug 安眠药 * (fig 比喻) a soporificspeech 使听者欲睡的讲话. 
soporifically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sopping
=> sop.
soppy
/ 5sCpI; `sBpI/ adj (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) foolishly sentimental 感情用事的; 庸俗伤感的: a soppy film 庸俗伤感的影片 * `She's just a soppy girl,' said her youngest brother. ｀她呀, 就是爱动感情, ＇她小弟弟说道. 
soppily 
adv. 
soppiness 
n [U].
soprano
/ sE5prB:nEU; ?@ -5prAn-; sE`prAno/ n (pl ~s /-nEUz; -noz/)  1 singing voice of the highest range for a woman or boy 女高音; 男童声最高音: [attrib 作定语] a soprano voice 女高音.  2 (a) singer with such a voice 女高音歌手; 高音部男童声歌手: The sopranos sang beautifully. 那些女高音歌手的歌声很美妙. (b) musical part written for such a voice 乐曲的高音部: [attrib 作定语] a difficult soprano part 难唱的高音部.  3 musical instrument with a range about that of a soprano 高音乐器.
soprano 
adv with a soprano voice 以最高音: She sings soprano. 她唱高音.
sorbet
/ 5sR:beI, also 5sR:bEt; `sRrbEt/ (US sherbet) n type of dessert made from water, sugar and fruit-juice; water-ice 果汁雪糕; 雪糕: blackcurrant sorbet 黑醋栗雪糕.
sorcerer
/ 5sR:sErE(r); `sRrsErL/ n (fem 阴性作 sorceress / 5>sR:sErIs; `sRrsErIs/) person who is believed to practise magic, esp with the help of evil spirits; magician 方士（尤指运用妖术者）; 施魔法者: sorcerers in old-fashioned fairy-tales 传统童话中的术士.
sorcery 
/ 5sR:sErI; `sRrsErI/ n [U] art, use or practice of magic, esp with evil spirits; witchcraft 魔法; 妖术; 魔法的施用.
sordid
/ 5sR:dId; `sRrdId/ adj (derog 贬)  1 (of conditions, places, etc) dirty and unpleasant; squalid （指状况、 地方等）肮脏不堪的, 邋遢的: a sordid slum 污秽的贫民窟 * living in sordid poverty 过著潦倒的生活.  2 (of people, behaviour, etc) displaying selfishness, meanness, etc （指人、 行为等）自私自利的, 卑污的, 龌龊的: a sordid affair 肮脏的勾当 * sordid motives 卑鄙的动机. 
sordidly 
adv. 
sordidness 
n [U]: the sordidness of the men's living quarters 男宿舍的邋遢状况.
sore
/ sR:(r); sRr/ adj  1 (a) (of a part of the body) hurting when touched or used; tender and painful; aching （指身体局部）一触或一用就痛的, 易痛的, 疼痛的: a sore knee, throat, etc 膝痛、 喉咙痛 * My leg is still very sore. 我的腿还是很疼. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] feeling pain 感到疼痛: She's still a bit sore after the accident. 她出事後直到现在还觉得痛呢.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (at sb) (infml 口 esp US) hurt and angry (esp because one has been treated unfairly); irritated 气恼（尤指因受委屈）; 被激怒: She feels sore about not being invited to the party. 因未邀请她参加聚会, 她很恼火. * Is she still sore at (ie angry with) you? 她还生你的气吗?  3 (fml or dated 文或旧) serious; severe 严重的; 剧烈的: in sore distress 悲痛万分 * in sore need of help 极需帮助 * His mother is a sore trial to him, ie causes him much distress. 他母亲让他伤透了脑筋.  4 (idm 习语) like a bear with a sore head => bear1. a sight for sore eyes => sight1. a ,sore `point issue or matter that makes sb feel hurt or angry whenever it is mentioned 使某人伤心或生气的话题或事情: I wouldn't ask him about his job interview; it's rather a sore point with him at the moment. 我不去问他求职面试的情况, 这是他现在的伤心事. stand/stick out like a sore `thumb be very obvious or conspicuous, and often unpleasing 很显眼（常含贬义）; 扎眼: The modern office block sticks out like a sore thumb among the old buildings in the area. 那座现代的办公楼直挺挺地竖在那片旧建筑物群中十分扎眼.
sore 
n painful place on the body (where the skin or flesh is injured) （肌肤的）痛处, 伤处: treat a sore 治疗伤处 * Her hands are covered in sores. 她双手有很多痛处.
sorely 
adv (fml 文) seriously; very greatly 严重地; 极度地: be sorely tempted to interrupt 极想插嘴 * Your financial help is sorely needed. 你的资助太要紧了. * She was sorely missed at the reunion. 大家团聚时她不在, 非常遗憾.
soreness 
n [U]: the soreness of his skin 他皮肤的疼痛.
sorghum
/ 5sR:gEm; `sRr^Em/ n [U] type of millet grown as food in warm climates 高粱.
sorority
/ sE5rCrEtI; ?@ -5rR:r-; sE`rRrEtI/ n [CGp] (US) (members of a) women's social club in a college or university （学院或大学中的）女生联谊会, 女生联谊会会员. Cf 参看 fraternity3.
sorrel
/ 5sCrEl; ?@ 5sR:rEl; `sRrEl/ n [U] type of herb with sour-tasting leaves used in cooking, in salads, etc 酸模（草本植物, 叶酸, 用於烹调、 作色拉等）: [attrib 作定语] sorrel soup 酸模汤.
sorrel
/ 5sCrEl; ?@ 5sR:rEl; `sRrEl/ n (a) reddish-brown colour 红褐色; 栗色. (b) horse of this colour 栗色马: The sorrel easily won the race. 那匹栗色马轻易地赢了那场赛马.
sorrel 
adj of a reddish-brown colour 红褐色的: a sorrel coat 红褐色的大衣.
sorrow
/ 5sCrEU; `sBro/ n  1 [U] ~ (at/for/over sth) feeling of sadness or distress caused esp by loss, disappointment or regret; grief 悲伤; 悲痛; 懊丧; 悔恨: express sorrow for having done wrong 因做错了事而表示懊悔 * to my great sorrow 令我悲痛万分 * to the sorrow of all those who were present 使所有在场的人感到难过 * sorrow at sb's death 因某人去世而感到的悲伤 * in sorrow and in joy, ie when we are sad and also when we are happy 无论是在悲伤还是在快乐的时候.  2 [C] particular cause of this feeling; misfortune 悲伤的原因; 懊丧的原因; 不幸: the sorrow(s) of war 战争带来的灾祸 * He has had many sorrows in his life. 他生活中颇多不幸. * Her death was a great sorrow to everyone. 她死了, 大家万分悲痛.  3 (idm 习语) drown one's sorrows => drown. more in ,sorrow than in `anger with more regret than anger for what was done, etc （对做过的事等）感到懊悔, 倒并不生气: It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批评以前的同事, 并非出於气愤而是为他惋惜.
sorrow 
v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for/over sth) (fml 文) feel, express or show sorrow; grieve 感到、 表示或显得悲哀或懊悔; 悲叹; 惋惜: sorrowing over his child's death 因他孩子夭折而悲伤 * sorrowing at his misfortune 哀叹他的不幸.
sorrowful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语) feeling, showing or causing sorrow 感到、 显得或引起悲哀或懊悔的: a sorrowful occasion 使人心酸的场合 * Her face was anxious and sorrowful. 她满面悲愁. 
sorrowfully
/-fElI; -fElI/ adv: weeping sorrowfully 伤心地落泪. 
sorrowfulness 
n [U].
sorry
/ 5sCrI; `sRrI/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth/that...) feeling sadness or regret 感到悲伤或遗憾: We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 我们获悉令尊去世, 非常难过. * I'm sorry to say that I won't be able to accept the job. 很遗憾, 我不能接受这工作. * I'd be sorry if you were to think that I disliked you. 若是你认为我不喜欢你, 那我就太伤心了.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (for/about sth) full of shame and regret (esp about a past action); apologetic 惭愧; 懊悔; 自责; 表示歉意: Aren't you sorry for/about what you've done? 你难道不为自己做的事情感到惭愧吗? * If you say you're sorry (ie if you apologize) we'll forget the incident. 你要是道个歉, 我们就不追究这件事了.  3 (used to express mild regret, disagreement or refusal, and in making apologies and excuses 用以表示有些惋惜、 不同意或拒绝, 用以表达歉意或藉以搪塞): `Can you lend me a pound?' `I'm sorry, I can't.' ｀能不能借给我一镑?＇｀很抱歉, 我无能为力.＇ * I'm sorry, but I don't share your opinion. 对不起, 您的意见我不能同意. * I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起, 我来晚了.  4 [attrib 作定语] (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) poor and shabby; pitiful 贫穷而残破的; 可怜的: a sorry sight 可怜的情景 * The house was in a sorry state. 那房子残破不堪. * (dated 旧) a sorry excuse, ie a worthless one 拙劣的藉口.  5 (idm 习语) be/feel sorry for sb (a) feel sympathy for sb 同情某人: I feel sorry for anyone who has to drive in this sort of weather. 我很同情在这种天气还得开车的人. (b) feel pity for, or mild disapproval of, sb 怜悯某人; 对某人有些不赞成: If he doesn't realize the consequences of his actions, I'm sorry for him. 倘若他意识不到自己行为的後果, 那我就觉得他很可悲了. better safe than sorry => better2. cut a sorry, etc figure => figure1.
sorry 
interj  1 (used for apologizing, making excuses, etc 用以表示歉意、 搪塞等): Sorry, did I knock your elbow? 对不起, 我是不是撞到你的胳膊肘了? * Sorry, I don't know where she lives. 很抱歉, 我不知道她住在哪儿.  2 (esp Brit) (used when asking sb to repeat sth one has not heard properly 因未听清而请求对方再说一遍的用语) what did you say? 你说什麽?: `I'm hungry.' `Sorry?' `I said I'm hungry.' ｀我饿了.＇｀你说什麽?＇｀我说我饿了.＇ =>Usage at excuse2 用法见 excuse2.
sort
/ sR:t; sRrt/ n  1 [C] group or class of people or things (which are alike in some way); type 类; 种类; 类型: He's the sort of person I really dislike. 他这种人我真不喜欢. * What sort of paint are you using? 你用的是哪种颜料? * We can't approve of this sort of thing/these sorts of things/things of this sort. 我们不能赞同这种事.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) type of character; person （某种）性格; 人: a good/decent sort 好人[正派的人] * He's not a bad sort really. 他其实并不坏.  3 (idm 习语) it takes all sorts (to make a world) (saying 谚) people vary very much in character and abilities (and this is a good thing) 什麽人都有（才成其为世界）;人的性格、 能力迥异（却是好事）. nothing of the kind/sort => kind2. of a `sort/of `sorts (infml derog 口, 贬) of a poor or inferior type 差劲的; 劣等的: They served coffee of a sort. 他们供应的咖啡很差. * It was a meal of sorts, but nobody enjoyed it. 那勉强算是一顿饭, 谁都没吃好. a sort of sth (infml 口) vague, unexplained or unusual type of sth 说不清的、 难以解释的或不寻常的某类事物: I had a sort of feeling he wouldn't come. 我隐约觉得他不会来. out of `sorts (infml 口) (a) feeling unwell 身体不适: She's been out of sorts since the birth of her baby. 她生了孩子以後身体一直不好. (b) in a bad temper; annoyed 脾气坏的; 恼怒的: He's always out of sorts early in the morning. 他大清早总是不痛快. sort of (infml 口) to some extent ; in some way or other 达到某种程度; 有几分; 有点: I sort of thought this might happen. 我多少猜到了这件事会发生. * You sort of twist the ends together. 你怎麽把顶端缠绕在一起了. * I feel sort of queasy. 我有些恶心. =>Usage at kind2 用法见 kind2.
sort
/ sR:t; sRrt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (into sth); ~ sth (out) from sth arrange things in groups; separate things of one type, class, etc from things of other types, etc 将事物分类; 整理: He was sorting his foreign stamps (into piles). 他正在整理外国邮票（, 都分成一摞一摞的）. * We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 咱们得把好苹果拣出来, 同坏的分开.  2 (idm 习语) sort out the ,men from the `boys show or prove which people are truly brave, skilful, competent, etc 表明或证明谁真正勇敢、 有技巧、 有才能等: Climbing that mountain will certainly sort out the men from the boys. 爬爬那座山就知道谁行谁不行了.  3 (phr v) sort sth out (a) separate sth from a larger group 将某物拣出: sort out the smaller plants and throw them away 把小棵的挑出来扔掉. (b) (infml 口) put sth in good order 整理某事物: This room needs sorting out, ie tidying. 这房间需要收拾一下. sort sth/oneself out find a solution to (a problem/one's problems, etc) 解决（某个[自己的]问题等）: I'll leave you to sort this problem out. 我把这个问题交给你来处理. * Let's leave them to sort themselves out, ie clear up their problems, resolve their arguments etc. 他们的事儿让他们自己解决吧. * I need to sort my life/myself out a bit, before I start looking for a new job. 我需要先安顿一下, 然後再去找新的工作. sort sb out (sl 俚) deal with sb by punishing or attacking him 整治某人: I'll soon sort him out. Just let me get my hands on him! 我就要收拾他了, 等我捉到他时再说! sort through sth go through (a number of things), arranging them in groups 查看（某些事物）并加以分类整理: sort through a pile of old photographs 把一堆旧照片整理一下.
sorter 
n person or machine that sorts and arranges letters, postcards, etc 拣信员; 拣信机: Many workers in the sorting office lost their jobs when an automatic sorter was introduced. 拣信室安装了自动拣信机之後, 许多拣信员都失业了.
sortie
/ 5sR:ti:; `sRrti/ n  1 attack made by soldiers coming out from a position of defence on those trying to capture it 突围反击.  2 flight made by one aircraft during military operations 军事行动中一架飞行器的出动次数; 架次: The four planes each made two sorties yesterday. 那四架飞机昨天各出动两次.  3 brief trip away from home, esp to an unfamiliar or unfriendly place 短暂的外出（尤指去陌生处或不便处）: a sortie into the city centre to do some shopping 到市中心去买东西 * (fig 比喻) His first sortie into (ie attempt to enter) politics was unsuccessful. 他跻身政界的第一次尝试没有成功.
SOS
/ 9es EU 5es; 9Zs o `Zs/ n [sing] (a) urgent message for help (sent by radio, etc, usu in code) from a ship, an aircraft, etc when in danger 紧急求救信号（船只、 飞机等发出的, 通常为无线电代码）: send an SOS to the coastguard 向海岸警卫队发出求救信号 * [attrib 作定语] an SOS message 紧急求救信号. (b) urgent appeal for help or response (eg a radio broadcast to find relatives of a seriously ill person) 紧急求助或寻人呼叫（如为重病人寻找亲属的无线电广播）: We heard the SOS about Bill's father on the car radio. 我们从汽车收音机里听到了有关比尔父亲的紧急寻人广播. * (joc 谑) Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号. Cf 参看 mayday.
sot
/ sCt; sBt/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) person who is in the habit of getting drunk very often, esp sb whose mind has become confused through drinking too much 酒徒, 酒鬼（尤指因贪杯而头脑迟钝者）: her drunken sot of a husband 她的醉鬼丈夫.
sottish 
/ 5sCtIF; `sBtIF/ adj (dated derog 旧, 贬) in the habit of being drunk and, for this reason, stupid and confused 常醉酒的; 因贪杯而愚蠢糊涂的.
sotto voce
/ 9sCtEU 5vEUtFI; 9sBto `votFI/ adj, adv (Italian fml or joc 意, 文或谑) in a low voice, so as not to be heard by everyone 轻声（的）; 低声（的）: a sotto voce remark 轻声说出的话 * The defendant leant forward and spoke to his barrister, sotto voce. 被告探身跟讼务律师嘀咕了几句.
sou
/ su:; su/ n  1 former French coin of low value 苏（法国旧时低值硬币）.  2 (infml 口) very small amount of money 极少的钱: He hasn't a sou, ie He's very poor. 他穷得连一个子儿也没有.
souwester
/ 9saU5westE(r); 9saJ`wZstL/ n  1 waterproof hat (usu of oilskin) with a wide flap at the back to protect the neck 护颈防水帽（通常用油布制成, 後侧宽可遮颈）.  2 (also southwester / 9saUW5w-; 9saJW`w-/) strong wind blowing from the south-west 西南强风.
souffle
/ 5su:fleI; ?@ su:5fleI; su`fle/ n [C, U] dish of eggs, milk and flour, flavoured (with cheese, etc), beaten to make it light, and baked 蛋奶酥: a spinach souffle 菠菜蛋奶酥 * Would you like some souffle? 你要来点蛋奶酥吗?
sough
/ sQf; ?@ saU; saJ/ v [I] n (arch or fml 古或文) (make a) murmuring or whispering sound (as of wind in trees) （发出）细小的声音（如树间风声）; （发出）瑟瑟声, 飒飒声: the sough of the wind in the chimney 烟囱里的风呼呼作响.
sought
pt, pp of seek.
soul
/ sEUl; sol/ n  1 [C] spiritual or non-material part of a person, believed to exist after death 灵魂: commend one's soul to God 将灵魂付托给上帝 * Do you believe in the immortality of the soul? 你相信灵魂不朽吗? * Christians believe that a person's soul survives the death of his body. 基督徒相信人的灵魂在躯体死後依然存在.  2 [C, U] decency and honesty of feeling; emotional, moral and intellectual energy, eg as revealed in works of art 高 尚的情操; 精神; 精力; 魄力; 道义; 智力: He is a man without a soul. 他是个无情无义的人. * a very polished performance, but without soul 技巧精湛的表演, 但没有内涵 * This music has no soul. 这音乐没有气魄.  3 [sing] the ~ of sth perfect example or pattern (of some virtue or quality) （某种美德或品质的）完美典型, 化身: He is the soul of honour/discretion. 他是荣誉的化身[为人极为谨慎].  4 [C] spirit of a dead person 鬼魂; 亡灵; 幽魂: lost souls still walking the earth 仍在大地上行走的迷惘的幽灵 * All Souls' Day, ie 2 November 万灵节（11月2日）.  5 [C] (a) person 人: There wasn't a soul to be seen, ie No one was in sight. 一个人影儿都看不见. * Don't tell a soul, ie Don't tell anybody. 谁也别告诉. (b) (with adjs, indicating familiarity, pity, etc 与形容词连用, 表示亲密、 怜悯等) person, child, etc 人; 家伙: a dear old soul 可爱的人儿 * She's a cheery little soul, ie a cheerful girl, etc. 她是个活泼开朗的孩子. * She's lost all her money, poor soul. 她的钱全没了, 真可怜.  6 [U] (also soul music) type of popular modern Black American music, derived from gospel, blues and jazz, that expresses strong emotion 灵乐（美国现代黑人通俗音乐, 源自福音音乐、 布鲁斯音乐和爵士乐, 表达浓烈的情感）: the sound of soul 灵乐之韵 * [attrib 作定语] a soul singer 灵乐歌手.  7 [U] (US infml 口) Black American culture and racial identity; qualities enabling a person to be in harmony with himself and others 美国黑人文化及其种族特性; 开朗随和的性格特点.  8 (idm 习语) bare one's heart/soul => bare2. body and soul => body. heart and soul => heart. keep body and soul together => body. the life and soul of sth => life. sell one's soul => sell. upon my soul! (dated 旧) (used as an exclamation of shock or surprise 用以表示震惊或惊奇).
soulful 
/ -fl; -fl/ adj having, affecting or showing deep (usu sad) feeling 热情的; 深情的; （通常指）悲伤的: a soulful expression 伤感的表情 * soulful music 充满激情的音乐. 
soulfully 
/ -fElI; -flI/ adv: soulfully playing the guitar 深情地弹奏著吉他. 
soulfulness 
n [U].
soulless 
/ 5sEUllIs; `sollIs/ adj  1 (of a person) without higher or deeper feelings （指人）无高尚心灵的, 无深厚感情的.  2 (of life, a job, etc) boring and unimportant （指生活、 工作等）枯燥而不重要的: his soulless work in the factory 他在工厂里干的枯燥无味的工作. 
soullessly 
adv.
soul brother (fem 阴性作 `soul sister) 
(infml 口 esp US) (used esp by young Black Americans 尤为美国黑人青年用语) black person (esp one who thinks and feels in the same way as oneself) 黑人（尤指与自己意趣相投的）.
soul-destroying 
adj (of work, etc) very repetitive and dull （指工作等）单调无味的, 无聊得折磨人的: soul-destroying jobs in the factory 工厂里极乏味的工作.
soul food 
(US) food traditionally associated with Black Americans in the southern US 美国南方黑人常吃的食物.
soul mate 
person with whom one has a deep lasting friendship and understanding 知己; 执友.
soul music 
= soul 6.
soul-searching 
n [U] deep examination of one's conscience and mind 深刻反省; 自省: After days of soul-searching he finally came to the decision to leave home. 他经过几天的反躬自问, 最终决定离家而去.
soul-stirring 
exciting, moving, etc 激动人心的; 感人至深的; 动人心魄的: soul-stirring music 动人心魄的音乐.
sound
/ saUnd; saJnd/ adj  1 in good condition; not hurt, diseased, injured or damaged 完好的; 健康的; 健全的; 无损伤的: have sound teeth 牙齿结实 * have a sound mind, ie not mentally ill 心智健全 * a sound constitution 强健的体质 * a house built on sound foundations 地基坚实的房子.  2 based on reason, sense or judgement; dependable 合理的; 明智的; 正确的; 稳妥的: a sound argument, policy, etc 正确的论据、 政策等 * sound advice 忠告 * a sound business firm 信誉好的公司 * Is he sound on state education? ie Are his views well founded, officially acceptable, etc? 他对国家教育的见解有道理吗?  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) full and complete; thorough 充分的; 彻底的:a sound telling-off, thrashing, etc 一顿痛骂、 痛打等.4 careful and accurate; competent 细心的; 严谨的; 有能力的; 稳健的: a sound tennis player 网球技巧娴熟的人 * a sound piece of writing 好文章.  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sleep or a sleeper) deep, peaceful and uninterrupted （指睡眠）酣的, 香甜的, 不中断的; （指睡觉的人）酣睡的: be a sound sleeper 睡得很沉 * a sound night's sleep 睡一夜好觉.  6 (idm 习语) safe and sound => safe1. (as) sound as a bell in perfect condition 健康的; 完好的: The doctor said I was as sound as a bell. 医生说我身体很好. ,sound in ,wind and `limb (dated or joc 旧或谑) physically fit 体格强健的: remarkably sound in wind and limb for his age 就他的年纪而言, 身体十分硬朗.
sound 
adv (idm 习语) be/fall sound a`sleep be/become deeply and peacefully asleep 酣睡著[安然入睡].
soundly 
adv in a sound manner; thoroughly and fully 健全地; 充分地; 彻底地; 稳健地: a soundly based argument 有充分根据的论点 * be soundly beaten at chess 下棋一败涂地 * sleep soundly 酣睡. 
soundness 
n [U]: the soundness of her advice 她的劝告的正确性 * the soundness of his performance 他表演的娴熟.
sound
/ saUnd; saJnd/ n  1 [U] sensation detected by the ear, caused by the vibration of the air surrounding it 声; 声音: an experiment to measure the speed at which sound travels 测定声速的试验 * Sound travels more slowly than light. 声速低於光速.  2 [C, U] thing that produces such a sensation; thing that can be heard 声音; 声响: the sound of the wind, sea, a car, voices, breaking glass 风、 大海、 汽车、 人们说话、 打碎玻璃的声音 * the sound of music 音乐声 * I heard a strange sound outside. 我听到外面有一种奇怪的声音. * He crept upstairs without a sound, ie noiselessly. 他悄悄地上了楼. * `vowel sounds, eg / u:, Q, E/ 元音（如 /u:/、 /Q/、 /E/）.  3 [sing] mental impression produced by a piece of news, a description, etc （对某消息、 言语等的）印象, 感觉: I don't like the sound of her husband! 我对她丈夫没有好感! * The news has a sinister sound, ie seems to be sinister. 这消息听起来好像不妙.  4 [U] distance within which sth can be heard 可听见的范围: A true Cockney is born within (the) sound of Bow Bells. 一个人, 要是在他出生的地方能听得到伦敦鲍教堂的钟声, 那他才算得上是真正的伦敦人.  5 (idm 习语) like, etc the 9sound of one's own 5voice (derog 贬) talk a lot or too much (usu without wanting to hear what others have to say) 滔滔不绝地说话（通常指不想听别人说话）: She's much too fond of the sound of her own voice. 她总是说个不停.
soundless 
adj without a sound; silent 没有声响的; 悄悄的; 寂静的: soundless movements 静悄悄的动作. 
soundlessly 
adv.
sound archives 
(collection of) recordings on record or tape of broadcasts considered important enough to be preserved 录音资料; 录音档案: the BBC sound archives 英国广播公司的录音资料.
sound barrier (also sonic barrier) 
point at which an aircraft's speed equals that of sound waves, causing sonic booms 声障; 音障: break the sound barrier, ie move faster than the speed of sound 突破声障（即以超声速飞行）.
sound effect 
(esp pl 尤作复数) sound other than speech or music used in a film, play, etc to produce an atmospheric effect 音响效果: The sound effects of the fight were very good in that radio play. 广播剧中那场战斗的音响效果很好.
sound-proof 
adj made or constructed so that sound(s) cannot pass through or in 隔音的: sound-proof material 隔音材料 * a sound-proof studio 隔音的演播室. -- v [Tn] make (sth) sound-proof 使（某物）隔音: I wish we could sound-proof the boys' bedroom! 把男生的寝室能弄成隔音的才好呢!
sound-recording 
n [C, U] recording in sound only 录音.
sound-track 
n (a) (music, etc on a) track or band at the side of a cinema film which has the recorded sound on it （电影胶片边上的）声带; 声带上的音乐等. (b) recorded music from a film, musical play, etc (on a record, cassette, etc) （录在唱片、 盒式磁带等上的）电影、 音乐剧等中的音乐: I've bought the sound-track of that film. 我买到了那部电影的音乐录音唱片.
sound-wave 
n vibration made in the air or some other medium by which sound is carried 声波.
sound
/ saUnd; saJnd/ v  1 (a) [La, Ln] give a specific impression when heard 听起来; 似乎: That music sounds beautiful. 那音乐优美动听. * His voice sounded hoarse. 他说话声音嘶哑. * His explanation sounds reasonable. 他解释得听起来合情合理. * His excuse sounds unconvincing. 他说的理由好像不可信. * She sounds just the person we need for the job. 听起来她正是我们需要的人, 适合做这事儿. (b)~ (to sb) as if.../as though...  (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) give the impression that... 给（某）人的印象是...: I hope I don't sound as if I'm criticizing you. 希望不要把我的话听成是含有批评你的意思. * That cough sounds as if it's getting worse. 患的咳嗽像是更重了. * It sounds to me as if there's (ie I think I can hear) a tap running somewhere. 听起来好像哪儿有水龙头在流水. =>Usage at feel1 用法见feel1.  2 (a) [Tn] produce a sound from (sth); make (esp a musical instrument) produce a sound 用（某物）发出声音; 使（尤指乐器）发出声音: sound a trumpet 吹喇叭 * The bell is sounded every hour. 那个钟每小时响一次. (b) [I] give out a sound 发出声音; 作响: The trumpet sounded. 喇叭吹响了. * The A key on this piano won't sound, ie No sound is produced when the key is struck. 这钢琴上的A键按下去不响.  3 [Tn] give (a signal) by making a sound; announce 用声音发（信号）; 发布: sound a note of alarm/danger/warning 发出警报[危险信号/警告信号] * sound the alarm, eg by ringing a bell 发警报（如按响电铃） * sound the retreat, eg by blowing a bugle 发撤退信号（如吹撤退号）.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) pronounce (sth) 发出（某事物）的声音: You don't sound the `h' in `hour'. hour中的h不发音. * The `b' in `dumb' isn't sounded. dumb中的b不发音.  5 [Tn] (fml 文) test or examine (sth) by tapping or striking to produce a sound and listening carefully 以敲击听音的方式检测（某物）; 对（某物）进行叩诊: sound a person's chest, ie by tapping it 对某人的胸部进行叩诊 * sound the wheels of a train, ie by striking them 敲击火车车轮进行检查.  6 (idm 习语) strike/sound a false note => false. strike/sound a note (of sth) => note1.  7 (phr v) sound off (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) talk noisily and boastfully (about sth) （对某事物）大声吹嘘: He's always sounding off about how he would manage the firm. 他总是大言不惭地说他能把公司经营好.
-sounding 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a specified sound or giving a mental impression of a specified kind 有某种声音的; 使听者产生某种印象的: loud-sounding pop music 吵闹的流行音乐 * a very grand-sounding name 很响亮的名字.
sounding-board 
n (a) board or canopy placed over a platform, stage, etc to direct the speaker's voice towards the audience, so enabling him to be heard more clearly 增音板（装在讲台、 舞台等上方增加音响洪亮度的板或顶篷）. (b) means of causing an opinion, a plan, etc to be widely heard 宣扬意见、 计画等的手段: The magazine became a sounding-board for its editor's political beliefs. 那杂志成了编辑宣扬其政治主张的传声筒.
sound
/ saUnd; saJnd/ v  1 [I, Tn] (a) test or measure the depth of (the sea, etc) by using a weighted line (called a sounding line) 以测深索（sounding line）检查或测定（海等）的深度. (b) find the depth of water in a ship's hold (with a sounding rod) （以测深杆sounding rod）测定船舱内的水深.  2 (phr v) sound sb out (about/on sth) try to discover sb's views, opinions, etc (on sth), esp in a cautious or reserved way 试探某人（对某事物）的意见、 观点等（尤指审慎地）: Have you sounded him out (ie found out his opinions) yet about taking the job? 你是否探听出他对接受这项工作的意见了? * I'll try to sound out the manager on the question of holidays. 关於放假的问题, 我要去探探经理的口风.
soundings 
n [pl]  1 measurements obtained by sounding (sound4 1); depth measured 测深所得的数据; 测得的深度: underwater soundings 水下测得的深度.  2 (a) [C, U] (action of) finding out sb's views in a cautious way （对某人意见的）试探: take soundings 试探一番 * What results have your soundings turned up? 你试探出什麽名堂来了? (b) reactions obtained （调查意见得到的）反应: Our soundings are displayed in the form of a graph. 我们的调查结果已用图表列出.
sound
/ saUnd; saJnd/ (also esp in place names Sound 又作Sound, 尤用於地名) n narrow passage of water joining two larger areas of water; strait 海峡: ,Plymouth `Sound 普利茅斯海峡.
soup
/ su:p; sup/ n [U, C]  1 liquid food made by cooking vegetables, meat, etc in water 汤; 羹: chicken, tomato, vegetable, etc soup 鸡、 蕃茄、 蔬菜等汤 * a range of tinned soups 各种罐头汤 * Will you have some soup before the meat course? 吃荤菜前先来点汤好吗?  2 (idm 习语) in the `soup (infml 口) in trouble or difficulties 处於困境; 出麻烦: If your Mum finds out what you've done, you'll really be in the soup! 要是你妈妈发觉你干的事, 你就要倒霉了!
soup-kitchen 
n place where soup and other food is supplied free to people with no money, esp after a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood 施粥所（尤指赈灾的）.
soup-plate 
n large deep plate with a wide rim, used esp for soup （深盘状）汤碗.
soupcon
/ 5su:psCn; ?@ su:p5sCn; sup`sBn/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) (sometimes joc 有时作戏谑语) very small amount; trace 少量; 微量: a soupcon of garlic in the salad 色拉里的一丁点大蒜 * a soupcon of malice in his remark 他的话里的些微恶意.
sour
/ 5saUE(r); `saJr/ adj  1 (a) having a sharp taste (like that of vinegar, a lemon or unripe fruit) 有酸味的; 酸的: sour gooseberries 酸的醋栗 * This apple is really sour! 这苹果真酸哪! (b) tasting or smelling sharp and unpleasant from fermentation; not fresh 有酸臭味道或气味的; 馊的: The milk's turned sour. 牛奶变酸了. * a sour smell 馊味.  2 having or showing a bad temper; disagreeable in manner 坏脾气的; 别扭的; 乖戾的: a sour and disillusioned man 阴郁颓丧的人 * What a sour face she has! 她的脸色多难看!  3 (idm 习语) go/turn `sour become unfavourable or unpleasant; turn out badly 变得令人不愉快; 变坏; 变糟: Their relationship soon went sour. 他们的关系不久就变坏了. * His original enthusiasm has turned sour. 他当初的积极性已淡下去了. sour `grapes (saying 谚) (said when sb pretends that what he cannot have is of little or no value or importance 用以指某人因得不到某事物而佯称该事物不好): He says he didn't want to marry her anyway, but that's just sour grapes. 他说自己反正不想娶她, 那不过是吃不到葡萄反而说葡萄酸罢了.
sour 
v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become sour （使某物）变酸, 变馊; （使某事）变糟; （使某人）阴郁或乖戾: The hot weather soured the milk. 天热牛奶酸了. * (fig 比喻) His personality has soured. 他品性变差了. * The old man has been soured by poverty. 那老人因贫困脾气都坏了.
sourly 
adv.
sourness 
n [U]: the sourness of the fruit 水果的酸味 * the sourness of her expression 她满脸不悦.
sour cream 
cream deliberately made sour by the addition of bacteria, used in various savoury dishes （加菌发酵致酸的）酸味奶油.
sourdough 
n (US)  1 [U] fermented dough mixture used in bread-making 面肥: [attrib 作定语] sourdough bread 用面肥发的面包.  2 person with long experience in pioneering or gold prospecting (in N Canada or Alaska) （加拿大北部或阿拉斯加的）垦荒老手, 探金矿的行家.
sourpuss 
n (infml 口) bad-tempered person 脾气坏的人: She's an old sourpuss. 她是个脾气坏的老太太.
source
/ sR:s; sRrs/ n  1 starting-point of a river 河流的源头; 发源地: the sources of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地 * Where is the source of the Rhine? 莱茵河发源於何处?  2 place from which sth comes or is obtained 来源; 出处: news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息 * a limited source of income 有限的收入来源 * Is that well the source of all the cases of infection? 所有这些传染病病例都是由那口井引发的吗?  3 (esp pl 尤作复数) personor thing (esp a book, document, etc) supplying information,esp for study 提供资料的人, 原始资料（尤指书、 文件等）（尤指供研究的资料）: He cited many sources for his book. 他在书中引用了许多资料. * [attrib 作定语] source material 原始资料.  4 (idm 习语) at `source at the point of origin or beginning 在源头; 在发源地; 在开端: money taxed at source, ie before it is given to the earner 扣除税金後发放的钱 * Is the water polluted at source or further downstream? 河水是在源头还是在流出之後受到污染的?
souse
/ saUs; saJs/ v  1 [Tn] (infml 口) plunge (sb/sth) into or soak in water; throw water on or over 将（某人[某物]）投入或浸入水中; 将水泼在...上.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] put (fish, etc) into salted water, vinegar, etc to preserve it 腌制（鱼等）: soused herrings 腌鲱鱼.
soused 
/ saUst; saJst/ adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) drunk 醉.
south
/ saUW; saJW/ n  1 [U] (abbr 缩写 S, US also So) one of the four main points of the compass, on the right of a person facing the rising sun 南; 南方: South is opposite north on a compass. 罗盘上南与北是相对的. Cf 参看 east, north, west.  2 [U, sing] this direction, or any part of the earth lying in this direction 南面; 南边: The window faces south. 窗子朝南. * The wind is in (ie blowing from) the south today. 今天刮南风. * The town is to the south of (ie situated further south than) London. 那镇位於伦敦南面.  3 the South [sing] (a) part of a country further south than the rest; southern part or region 国家的南方; 南部; 南部地区: have a holiday in the South of France 在法国南部度假 * He came to the South to look for a job. 他到南方来找工作. (b) south-eastern states of the US 美国的东南各州.
sou 
/ saU; saJ/ n (esp nautical 尤用於航海) (short form of south used in compounds 在复合词中 south 的缩略形式): sou-east 东南 * sou-sou-west 西南南.
south (also South) 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 in, near, towards or at the south 南方的; 在南方的; 近南部的; 向南的; 在南侧的: South Wales 南威尔士 * South America 南美洲 * the South Pacific 南太平洋 * grow roses on a south wall 贴著南墙种玫瑰 * on the south coast 在南岸.  2 (of a wind) coming from the south （指风）南来的: a south wind 南风.
south 
adv  1 to or towards the south 到南方; 向南: go south out of town 出城向南走 * birds flying south for winter 飞到南方过冬的鸟 * The ship was sailing due south. 船向正南方航行.  2 (idm 习语) down `south (infml 口) to or in the south 到南方; 在南方: go down south for a few days 南下几天 * They used to live in Scotland but they moved down south. 他们以前住在苏格兰, 後来移居南方了.
South African 
of southern Africa or of the republic of South Africa; native or inhabitant of these countries 非洲南部的（人）; 南非共和国的（人）.
southbound 
adj travelling towards the south 向南行进的: a southbound train 南行的列车 * swallows southbound for the winter 南飞过冬的燕子.
south-east (also ,South-East) 
n [sing], adj, adv (situated in, towards, coming from or in the direction of) the point on the compass midway between south and east （位於、 向著、 来自或对著）东南（的）: live in the South-East 住在东南部 * a ,south-east `wind 东南风 * a house facing south-east 向著东南的房子. 
south-easter 
n strong wind blowing from the south-east 东南强风. 
south-easterly 
adj (a) (of a wind) from the south-east （指风）来自东南方向的: a south-easterly air flow 东南气流. (b) (of a direction) towards the south-east （指方向）朝东南的. 
south-eastern 
/ -5i:stEn; -`istLn/ adj of, from or situated in the south-east part (esp of a country) 有关、 来自或位於（尤指国家的）东南部的: the south-eastern states of the US 美国的东南各州.
southpaw 
n (infml 口) left-handed person (esp in sports such as boxing) 惯用左手者, 左撇子（尤用於拳击等运动中）.
the ,South `Pole 
southernmost point of the Earth 南极: a journey to the South Pole 南极之行. =>illus at globe 见 globe 插图.
southward (southwards) 
/ 5saUWwEdz; `saJWwLdz/ adv, adj (travelling) towards the south 向南地; 向南的; 南行（的）: driving southwards along the motorway 沿高速公路向南行驶. =>Usage at forward2 用法见 forward2.
south-west (also ,South-West) 
n [sing], adj, adv (situated in, towards, coming from or in the direction of) the point on the compass midway between south and west （位於、 向著、 来自或对著）西南（的）: travel south-west 向西南而行 * stand facing south-west 面向西南站立 * a south-west wind 西南风 * live in the South-West (of a country) 住在（某国的）西南部. 
south-wester 
n = souwester 2. 
south-westerly 
adj (a) (of a wind) from the south-west （指风）来自西南方向的. (b) (of a direction) towards the south-west （指方向）朝西南的: travel in a south-westerly direction for 6 miles 向西南方向走6英里. 
south-western 
/ -5westEn; -`wZstLn/ adj of, from or situated in the south-west 有关、 来自或位於西南的.
southerly
/ 5sQTElI; `sQTLlI/ adj, adv  1 (of winds) blowing from the south （指风）从南方刮来（的）: southerlybreezes 从南方刮来的和风.  2 towards the south 向南方（的）: The plane flew off in a southerly direction. 飞机向南飞去.
southerly 
n (esp pl 尤作复数) wind blowing from the south 南风: warm southerlies 和煦的南风.
southern
/ 5sQTEn; `sQTLn/ southern adj in or of the south 在南方的; 南方的: southern Europe 南欧 * the Southern states of the USA 美国南部各州 * the Southern hemisphere, ie the southern half of the globe 南半球.
southerner 
n person from the southern part of a country, eg from the South in the USA 南方人: a southerner now living in the north of England 现住在英格兰北部的南方人 * You can tell southerners by their accent. 听口音就能辨别出南方人.
southern lights 
= aurora australis (aurora 2).
southernmost 
/ -mEUst; -9most/ adj furthest south 最南端的: the southernmost point of an island 岛的南端.
souvenir
/ 9su:vE5nIE(r); ?@ 5su:vEnIEr; `suvE9nIr/ n thing taken, bought or received as a gift, and kept to remind one of a person, a place or an event 纪念品; 纪念物: a souvenir of my holiday 我的假期的纪念品 * [attrib 作定语] a souvenir shop for tourists 旅游纪念品商店.
sovereign
/ 5sCvrIn; `sBvrIn/ adj (fml 文)  1 (of power) without limit; highest （指权力）无限的, 至高无上的: Who holds sovereign power in the state? 谁掌握国家的最高权力?  2 [attrib 作定语] (of a nation, state, ruler) fully independent and self-governing; having total power （指民族、 国家、 统治者）完全独立自主的, 有主权的: become a sovereign state 成为主权国家.  3 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) very effective; excellent 有特效的; 极好的: Is there a sovereign remedy for this condition? 在这种情况下有没有万全之策?
sovereign 
n  1 (fml 文) ruler with sovereign power, eg a king, a queen or an emperor 最高统治者（如国王、 皇帝）.  2 former British gold coin, originally worth one pound 旧时英国金币, 面值一英镑.
sovereignty 
/ 5sCvrEntI; `sBvrEntI/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 independent sovereign power 最高统治权; 君权.  2 quality of being a country with this power 国家的主权: respect an island's sovereignty 尊重一岛国的主权.
soviet
/ 5sEUvIEt, 5sCv-; `sovIEt, `sBv-/ n  1 [C] (formerly) any of the councils of workers, etc in any part of the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) （旧时）苏维埃（苏联各地的工人等的代表会议）: the Supreme Soviet, ie the governing council of the whole of the USSR 最高苏维埃（苏联的全国权力机构）.  2 the Soviets [pl] (esp US) (formerly) the people of the USSR; their leaders （旧时）苏联人民, 苏联领导人.
Soviet 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (formerly) of or concerning the USSR and its people （旧时）苏联（人民） 的, 有关苏联（人民）的: Soviet Russia 苏俄 * the Soviet Union 苏联.
sow
/ saU; saJ/ n fully grown female pig （成熟的）母猪. =>illus at pig 见 pig 插图. Cf 参看 boar, hog 1.
sow
/ sEU; so/ v (pt sowed, pp sown / sEUn; son/ or sowed)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (in/on B)/; ~ B (with A) put or scatter (seed) in or on the ground; plant (land) with seed 播（种子）; 在（田地）里播种: sow grass 种草 * sow a plot of land with grass 在一块地里播草种 * sow cabbage seed in pots 把洋白菜种子种在花盆里 * sow a field with wheat 在田里种植小麦.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fig 比喻) spread or introduce (feelings, ideas, etc) 传播, 使产生（情感、 想法等）: sow doubt in sb's mind 使某人起疑心 * sow the seeds of hatred 播下仇恨的种子.  3 (idm 习语) sow one's wild `oats go through a period of irresponsible pleasure-seeking while young （年轻时）放荡, 纵情玩乐: He sowed all his wild oats before he married. 他荒唐够了才结婚的.
sower 
n person who sows 播种的人; 传播的人: (fig 比喻) a sower of discontent among the people 挑拨人们不满情绪的人.
soya bean
/ 5sRIE bi:n; `sRIE 9bin/ (also esp US soy bean / 5sRI bi:n; `sRI 9bin/) n type of bean (originally from SE Asia) rich in protein, grown for food and used esp as a substitute for meat 大豆: a casserole made with soya beans 大豆焙盘 * [attrib 作定语] soya oil, ie extracted from soya beans 豆油 * soya flour 大豆粉 * soya milk, ie milk substitute made from processed soya beans 豆浆.
soya sauce (also ,soy `sauce) 
dark brown sauce made by fermenting soya beans in salty water, used in oriental cooking 酱油: adding soy sauce to the stir-fried vegetables 炒蔬菜中加酱油.
sozzled
/ 5sCzld; `sBzEld/ adj (infml 口) very drunk 烂醉的: He got absolutely sozzled at the Christmas party. 他在圣诞节聚会上烂醉如泥.
sp
abbr 缩写 = (esp on corrected written work 尤用於校正文字时) spelling.
sp gr
abbr 缩写 = specific gravity.
spa
/ spB:; spB/ (also in place names 用於地名时作 Spa) n (place where there is a) spring of mineral water with medicinal properties 矿泉; 有矿泉的地方: Cheltenham Spa 功尔滕纳姆矿泉 * [attrib 作定语] spa water 矿泉水.
space
/ speIs; spes/ n  1 [C] unused or unfilled gap or area between two or more objects or points 空白; 空隙; 空地: the spaces between words 字与字之间的空隙 * There's a space here for your signature. 你可以在这空白处签字. * Is there a space for the car in the firm's car park? 公司停车场有没有这辆车的位子? * We were separated by a space of ten feet. 我们相距十英尺.  2 [U] unoccupied area or place available for use; room 空地方; 空处: There isn't much space left for your luggage. 剩下的地方不太够你放行李的. * Have you enough space to work in? 你做事的地方够大吗? * There isn't enough space in the classroom for thirty desks. 教室里放不下三十张桌子. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 [C, U] large area (esp of land not built on) 开阔地区, 空旷处（尤指无建筑物的）: open spaces for children to play on 供儿童玩耍的空地 * a country of wide open spaces 土地辽阔的国家 * the freedom and space of the countryside 乡村的自由和广阔天地.  4 [U] continuous expanse in which all things exist and move 空间: He was staring into space. 他极目远眺.  5 [U] (also ,outer `space) (often in compounds常用以构成复合词) universe beyond the earth's atmosphere in which all other planets and stars exist 外层空间; 太空: travel through space to other planets 穿越太空飞向其他行星 * the exploration of outer space 对外层空间的探索.  6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] interval of time 时间的持续; 期间: (with)in the space of two hours, ie during a period not longer than two hours 两小时之内 * a space of two weeks between appointments 两次约会之间相隔的两星期.  7 (idm 习语) cramped for room/space => cramp2. ,watch this `space (catchphrase 警语) (in a newspaper, etc) keep alert because sth interesting or surprising will appear here soon （见於报纸等）请留意此处（即将有不容错过的内容）.
space 
v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) set sth out with regular spaces between 将某事物均匀隔开: space out the posts three metres apart 把这些柱子间隔三米排开 * space out (ie spread) payments for a house over twenty years 房款分二十年付清 * space the rows 10 inches apart 排列成行距10英寸 * The letter was well spaced, ie typed, etc with a suitable amount of space between each line, etc. 信中的间隔距离处理得很整齐.
spacing 
n [U] amount of space left between objects, words, etc in laying or setting sth out （物体、 字词等之间的）间隔, 间距: Be careful with your spacing or you won't get the heading on one line. 注意间隔, 否则这个标题一行排不下. * Shall I use single or double spacing (ie single or double spaces between the lines) when I type this letter? 我打这封信是用单行行距还是用双行行距?
space-age 
adj [attrib 作定语] very modern andadvanced 航天时代的; 太空时代的: space-age technology,equipment 太空时代的技术、 设备.
space-bar 
n bar on a typewriter, tapped to make spaces between words （打字机的）空格键.
spacecraft 
n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (also `spaceship) vehicle manned or unmanned for travelling in space 航天器; 宇宙飞船; 太空船: spacecraft orbiting the earth 绕地球运行的航天器.
spaceman 
/ -mn; -mAn/ (fem 阴性作 `spacewoman) n (pl -men, -women) (also astronaut) person who travels in outer space 宇航员; 太空人.
space invaders 
(propr 专利名) popular computerizedgame in which players try to prevent creatures from space landing on earth 太空侵略者（阻止天外怪物入侵地球的流行的电脑游戏）.
space probe 
= probe 2.
spaceship 
n = spacecraft.
space shuttle 
spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飞机; 太空穿梭机.
space station 
large manned artificial satellite used asa base for operations in space(5), eg for scientific research,as a launching pad for spacecraft, etc 航天站; 太空站.
spacesuit 
n sealed suit covering the whole body and supplied with air, allowing the wearer to move about in space(5) 宇航服; 太空服.
spacewalk 
n act or time of moving about in space outside a spacecraft （在航天器舱外进行的）太空行走, 太空行走的时间.
space
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Space, room, place and seat all relate to an area in a room, building, vehicle, etc which can be occupied by a person or thing. *space、 room、 place、 seat均指房间、 建筑物、 车辆等中可容纳人或物的范围. Space (countable and uncountable) and room (uncountable) are the most general and suggest an undefined area, big enough for something or for a purpose *space（为可数和不可数名词）和room（不可数名词）最通用, 指不确定的范围, 可容下某物或符合某目的: The wardrobe takes up too much space/room. 这衣橱太占地方了. Place and seat (both countable) are used for specific spaces, usually for people to sit *place和seat（均为可数名词）指具体的空处, 通常指座位: We'll try to get places/seats at the front of the hall. 我们要设法弄到大厅前面的座位. *  There are only two places/seats left for tonight. 今晚只剩下两个座位了.
spacious
/ 5speIFEs; `speFEs/ adj having or providing much space; roomy 宽敞的; 宽广的: a very spacious kitchen 非常宽敞的厨房 * the spacious back seat of a car汽车上宽舒的後座. 
spaciously 
adv. 
spaciousness
n [U].
spade
/ speId; sped/ n  1 tool for digging, with a wooden handle and a broad metal blade 锹; 铲: a garden spade 种花草用的锹.  2 (idm 习语) call a spade a spade => call2.
spadeful 
/ 5speIdfUl; `sped9fJl/ n amount (of earth, etc) carried on a spade 一锹的量: three spadefuls of sand 三锹沙子.
spadework 
n [U] (fig 比喻) hard work done in preparation for sth 艰苦的准备工作: She got the praise for the job but he did all the spadework. 工作完成後她获得赞誉, 但筹备期间的苦活儿全是他干的.
spade
/ speId; sped/ n (a) spades [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards marked with black figures shaped like pointed leaves with short stems （纸牌中的）黑桃: the five of spades 黑桃五 * Spades is/are trumps. 黑桃是王牌. (b) [C] card from this suit 黑桃牌: I've only one spade left. 我只剩一张黑桃了. =>illus at playing-card 见 playing-card 插图.
spaghetti
/ spE5getI; spE`^ZtI/ n [U] Italian pasta made in long thin rods, cooked in boiling water until soft and usu served with a sauce 意大利面条.
spam
/ spAm; spAm/ n [U] (propr 专利名) type of tinned meat made from spiced and chopped cooked ham, usu eaten cold 香火腿（碎火腿加香料制成的罐头, 通常冷食）: spam and salad 香火腿和色拉.
span
/ spAn; spAn/ n  1 distance or part between the supports of an arch or a bridge 跨度, 跨径, 跨（拱或桥支撑物之间的距离或部分）: The arch has a span of 60 metres. 那个拱的跨度为60米. * The bridge crosses the river in a single span. 河上那座桥是单跨桥.  2 length of time over which sth lasts or extends from beginning to end （某事物）自始至终的持续时间或期间: the span of life 一生的时间 * a short span of time 短暂的一段时间 * over a span of six years 六年期间 * have a short concentration span, ie be capable of concentrating for only a short period of time 不能长久集中注意力.  3 (dated 旧) distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is stretched out; about 23 centimetres (9 inches) 乍, 一乍宽（手掌张开时拇指尖与小指尖的距离, 约 23 厘米或 9 英寸）.
span 
(-nn-) v [Tn]  1 form a bridge or arch over (sth); extend across 建造跨越（某物）的桥或拱; 横跨: The river Thames is spanned by many bridges. 泰晤士河上有很多桥.  2 extend over or across (sth); stretchacross 跨越, 穿越（某事物）; 贯穿: (fml 文) His knowledgespans many different areas. 他的知识广博遍及许多领域. * Her life spanned almost the whole of the 19th century. 她的一生几乎经历了整个 19 世纪.  3 stretch one's hand across (sth) in one span 将手指作一乍状跨於（某物）上: Can you span an octave on the piano? 你一乍能按到钢琴的八个键吗?
span
/ spAn; spAn/ adj (idm 习语) spick and span => spick.
spangle
/ 5spANgl; `spAN^l/ n tiny piece of shining metal or plastic used for decoration on a dress, etc, esp in large numbers 闪光饰片（装饰衣物等的金属或塑料片, 尤指大量的）: the spangles on the fairy's dress in the pantomime 童话剧中仙女连衣裙上的闪光饰片.
spangle 
v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover or decorate sth with spangles or small bright objects like spangles 用闪光饰片等小物件布满或装饰某物: a dress spangled with tiny silver sequins 用闪光的圆形小银片儿装饰的连衣裙.
spaniel
/ 5spAnjEl; `spAnjEl/ n breed of dog with large ears which hang down 西班牙猎狗（耳大下垂的一种狗）: a cocker spaniel 西班牙猎鸡狗.
Spanish
/ 5spAnIF; `spAnIF/ adj of Spain; of the people of Spain or their language 西班牙的; 西班牙人的; 西班牙语的: a Spanish dance 西班牙舞 * Spanish customs 西班牙的风俗.
Spanish 
n [U] the language of Spain 西班牙语: Do you speak Spanish? 你会说西班牙语吗?
the Spanish Main 
(former name for the) NE coast of S America and the Caribbean Sea near this coast （旧称）南美东北沿岸及其附近的加勒比海海域.
spank
/ spANk; spANk/ v  1 [Tn] slap (esp a child) with a flat hand, esp on the buttocks, as a punishment 掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）: spank a child's bottom 掴小孩的屁股.  2 (phr v) ~ along (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp of a horse, ship or car) move along quickly （尤指马、 船或汽车）快速向前行进, 疾驶: fairly spanking along 很快地行进.
spank 
n slap with a flat hand, esp on the buttocks 掴（尤指打屁股）: a spank on the bottom 打在屁股上的一巴掌.
spanking 
n series of spanks; process of spanking （打在屁股上的）一顿巴掌: The boy got a sound spanking. 那男孩的屁股著实挨了一顿巴掌.  adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) quick and energetic 快速而有力的: go at a spanking pace 很快地走著.  adv (infml 口) (used esp before adjs like fine, new 尤用於 fine、 new 等形容词之前) outstandingly; very 非常; 十分: a spanking new boat 崭新的船 * spanking white paint 纯白的颜料.
spanner
/ 5spAnE(r); `spAnL/ (Brit) (US wrench) n  1 tool for gripping and turning nuts on screws, bolts, etc 扳子; 扳手: I'll need a spanner to change the back wheel. 我需要一把扳手来换後轮.  2 (idm 习语) (throw) a `spanner in the works (Brit infml 口) (cause the) ruin or sabotage of a plan, scheme, etc 破坏一计画、 方案等.
spar
/ spB:(r); spBr/ n strong wooden or metal pole used as a mast, yard, boom, etc on a ship 圆材（木质或金属质, 用作桅杆、 帆桁等）.
spar
/ spB:(r); spBr/ v (-rr-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb)  1 box (sb) using light blows, usu for practice only 用拳轻击（某人）（通常仅作拳击练习）.  2 argue or dispute (with sb), usu in a friendly way （与某人）争辩（通常指善意）: children sparring with each other 争吵著的孩子.
sparring-partner 
/ 5spB:rIN; `spBrIN/ n  1 person with whom a boxer spars as part of training 练拳的对手.  2 (infml 口) person with whom one enjoys frequent, usu friendly, arguments 经常斗嘴的对手: They've been sparring-partners ever since they were at school together. 他俩从一块儿读书起就没停过斗嘴.
spare
/ speE(r); spZr/ adj  1 in addition to what is usu needed or used; kept in reserve for use when needed 多余的; 剩余的; 备用的: Do you carry a spare wheel in your car? 你的汽车上有备用车轮吗? * We have no spare room (ie space) for a table. 我们没有放桌子的空地方. * I wish we had a spare room, ie an extra bedroom (eg for guests). 我们要是有一间富余的卧室就好了（如给客人用）. * I have no spare money this month. 这个月我没有余钱.  2 (of time) for leisure; free; unoccupied （指时间）空闲的, 未占用的: a busy woman with little spare time 忙得没有空的女子 * He paints in his spare time. 他在空闲时绘画.  3 (esp fml 尤作文雅语) (of people) thin; lean （指人）瘦的: a tall spare man 又高又瘦的男子 * a spare figure 瘦削的身材 * spare of build 体格瘦削的.  4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) small in quantity 少量的: a spare meal 量小的一顿饭 * on a spare diet 在节食.  5(idm 习语) go `spare (Brit sl 俚) become very annoyedor upset 烦恼; 难过: Your mum will go spare if she finds out what you've done! 要是你妈妈知道你干的事, 她会气坏的!
spare 
n spare part (for a machine, car, etc), esp an extra wheel for a car （机器、 汽车等的）备件; （尤指）汽 车备用车轮: I've got a puncture and my spare is flat too! 我的车胎扎破了, 备用的也瘪了! * I'll show you where the spares are kept. 我来指给你看放备件的地方.
spare part 
part (for a machine, car, etc) used to replace an identical part if it gets lost, damaged, etc 备用零件; 备件; 配件: It's difficult to get spare parts for old washing-machines. 旧洗衣机的配件已很难弄到.
spare-rib 
n rib of pork with most of the meat cut off （肉少的）猪排骨: barbecued spare-ribs 烤猪排骨.
spare tyre  
1 extra wheel for a car, etc （汽车等的）备用车轮.  2 (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) roll of fat around the waist 腰部的一圈脂肪: I'll have to exercise to get rid of my spare tyre. 我得运动运动以减少腰部的脂肪.
spare
/ speE(r); spZr/ v  1 [Tn, Dn.n] refrain from hurting, harming or destroying (sb/sth); show mercy to 不伤害（某人[某事物]）; 饶恕; 宽容: Please spare (ie don't kill) me! 请饶了我（一命）吧! * (fml 文) spare a person his life, ie not kill him 饶某人一命 * if I am spared, ie if I live 假若我幸而不死 * They killed the men but spared the children. 他们把男人都杀了, 但放过了孩子. * The woodman spared (ie did not cut down) a few trees. 伐木工人留下了几棵树没砍掉.  2 [Tn, Dn.n] refrain from using, giving, etc (sth); use as little as possible 节制使用或提供（某事物）; 吝惜; 节约: No trouble was spared to ensure our comfort. 为了我们舒适, 已竭尽全力. * Try to spare her as much distress as possible when you tell her. 你告诉她的时候, 尽量不要让她伤心. * He does not spare himself, ie works, etc very hard indeed. 他不偷懒. * Please spare me (ie don't tell me) the gruesome details. 你可别给我讲那些可怕的细节.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) be able to afford to give (time, money, etc) (to sb for a purpose) （为某人或某目的）提供（时间、 钱等）; 拨出; 匀出; 分出: I can't spare the time for a holiday at the moment. 目前我抽不出时间去度假. * Can you spare me a few minutes of your time? 我能耽搁你几分钟吗? * Can you spare me a few litres of petrol? 你能匀给我几升汽油吗? * Can you spare a cigarette for me? 给我根烟行吗?  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) manage without (sb) 无（某人）也可以: I can't spare him today  we need everybody here. 我今天需要他--我们需要人人都到齐. * I can't spare you for that job; you must finish this one first. 我不能放你去做那件事; 你必须先把这件做完.  5 (idm 习语) no expense spared => expense. spare sb's `blushes do not embarrass sb by praisinghim 不夸奖某人以免使之难为情. spare sb's `feelingsavoid hurting sb's feelings 避免伤害某人的感情; 不使某人难堪: He spared her feelings by not criticizing her husband in front of her. 他没当她的面说她丈夫的不是, 以免使她难堪. spare no pains doing/to do sth (fml 文) take as much trouble as is necessary to achieve sth 不遗余力地做某事: The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible. 旅馆工作人员对我们照顾得无微不至, 尽量让我们住得舒适. ,spare the ,rod and ,spoil the `child (saying 谚) if you do not punish a child when he does wrong you will spoil his character 孩子不打不成器. (and) to `spare more than is needed; left over 过剩; 有余; 剩余: We have enough fruit and to spare. 我们的水果充足有余. * Do you have any sugar to spare? 你的食糖有富余吗? * There's no time to spare! ie You must act, go, etc as quickly as possible. 没有多余的时间了!
sparing 
/ 5speErIN; `spZrIN/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ with/of/in sth (fml 文) economical or frugal with sth; not wasteful of sth 节约; 俭省; 不浪费: be sparing with the sugar 节约用糖 * sparing of one's energy 节省精力 * not sparing in his advice to others 他向别人提供意见时知无不言. 
sparingly 
adv: Use the perfume sparingly! 少用些香水!
spark
/ spB:k; spBrk/ n  1 [C] (a) tiny glowing particle thrown off from sth burning or produced when two hard substances (eg stone, metal, flint) are struck together 火花; 火星: Sparks from the fire were flying up the chimney. 火星沿著烟囱向上飘. * The firework exploded in a shower of sparks. 烟火炸开放出一阵火花. * Rubbing stones together produces sparks to start a fire. 用石头相擦可产生火花用来引火. (b) flash of light produced by the breaking of an electric current （切断电流而产生的）电火花: a faulty light switch sending out sparks 冒著火花的有故障的电灯开关.  2 [sing] ~ of sth trace (of a particular quality) （某特质的）极微的量: He hasn't a spark of generosity in him. 他一点也不慷慨. * without a spark of enthusiasm 没有丝毫的积极性.  3 (idm 习语) a bright spark => bright. make the fur/sparks fly => fly2.
spark 
v [I]  1 give out sparks (spark 1); producesparks 发出火花; 冒火星: The fire is sparking dangerously.那堆火迸出火星, 十分危险.  2 (phr v) spark sth off (infml 口) be the immediate cause of (usu sth bad); lead to sth 直接导致（尤指坏事）; 引发某事: His comment sparked off a quarrel between them. 他提的意见引起了他们之间的争吵. * The incident sparked off a whole chain of disasters. 那件事惹出了一连串的灾祸.
sparks 
n [sing v] (sl 俚) electrician or radio operator (esp on a ship) 电工, 无线电操作员（尤指船上的）.
sparking-plug (also `spark-plug) 
n device producingan electrical spark which fires the petrol mixture in a petrol engine 火花塞: The sparking-plugs need cleaning. 火花塞要清理一下了. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page xii.
sparkle
/ 5spB:kl; `spBrkl/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth)  1 shine brightly with flashes of light 闪耀; 闪烁: Her diamonds sparkled in the candle-light. 她的钻石在烛光中闪闪发亮. * pavements sparkling with frost 冰霜闪耀的人行道 * Her eyes sparkled with excitement. 她目光闪烁显露出激动的神情.  2 be full of life and wit 活力和才智焕发; 活跃: She was really sparkling (with happiness) at the wedding. 在婚礼上她（幸福得）容光焕发. * She always sparkles at parties. 在聚会上她总是神采奕奕.
sparkle 
n [U, C] effect made by sparkling (sparkle 1, 2); act of sparkling 光亮; 活力; 闪光: the sparkle of sunlight on snow 阳光照射在雪上的闪光 * There was a sudden sparkle as the fireworks were lit. 烟火点燃後火花迸发. * a performance that lacked sparkle 缺乏生气的表演.
sparkler 
/ 5spB:klE(r); `spBrklL/ n  1 [C] type of small hand-held firework that sends off showers of sparks （手持的）喷火星的小烟火.  2 sparklers [pl] (sl 俚) diamonds 钻石.
sparkling 
/ 5spB:klIN; `spBrklIN/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of wine, etc) giving off tiny bubbles of gas （指酒等）起泡的: sparkling white wine 白葡萄汽酒 * sparkling mineral water 矿泉汽水.  2 lively and witty 活泼机智的: sparkling conversation 轻松愉快的交谈 * a brilliant, sparkling young woman 聪明活泼的年轻女子.
sparrow
/ 5spArEU; `spAro/ n type of small brownish-grey bird common in many parts of the world 麻雀: sparrows twittering in the roof-tops 在屋顶上吱吱喳喳叫的麻雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1 插图, page iv.
sparrow-hawk 
n small hawk that eats smaller birds 雀鹰.
sparse
/ spB:s; spBrs/ adj not dense, thick or crowded; thinly scattered 稀少的; 稀疏的; 稀落的: a sparse population 稀少的人口 * a sparse beard 稀疏的胡须 * The television coverage of the event was rather sparse. 电视上对这件事报道得很少. 
sparsely 
adv: a sparsely furnished room, ie one with little furniture 陈设简陋的房间 * sparsely spread financial resources 分散的财力. 
sparseness (also sparsity / 5spB:sEtI; `spBrsEtI/) 
n [U]: the sparseness of trees on the landscape 景物中树木寥寥无几.
spartan
/ 5spB:tn; `spBrtn/ adj (fml 文) (of conditions) simple and harsh; without luxury or comforts （指环境）简陋而艰苦的, 清苦的: lead a spartan life in the mountains 在山里过清苦的生活 * a spartan meal, ie a very simple one 一顿简单的饭.
spasm
/ 5spAAAzEm; `spAzEm/ n [C, U]  1 strong, sudden and uncontrollable tightening of a muscle or muscles 痉挛; 抽搐; 发作: an asthma spasm 气喘发作 * painful muscular spasms 引起疼痛的痉挛 * The muscles in the athlete's leg went into spasm, ie tightened uncontrollably and painfully. 那运动员的腿抽筋了.  2 sudden short burst (of activity, emotion, etc) （活动、 情感等的）突发, 发作: a spasm of energy, excitement, pain, coughing 一阵活力的爆发、 兴奋、 疼痛、 咳嗽.
spasmodic
/ spAz5mCdIk; spAz`mBdIk/ adj  1 occurring or done at irregular intervals (usu for short periods at a time); not continuous or regular 一阵阵的; 时断时续的: spasmodic efforts to clean the house 对房子时干时停的打扫 * spasmodic periods of happiness followed by misery 时而快乐, 时而痛苦.  2 caused by or affected by spasms 痉挛的; 痉挛性的: spasmodic asthma 支气管气喘. 
spasmodically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: spasmodically energetic 表现出阵阵活力的.
spastic
/ 5spAstIk; `spAstIk/ n, adj (person who is) physically disabled because of cerebral palsy, a condition in which there are faulty links between the brain and motor nerves causing jerky or uncontrollable movements 患大脑性麻痹的（人）: a special school for spastics 专为大脑性麻痹患者办的学校 * spastic children 大脑性麻痹患儿.
spat
pt, pp of spit1.
spat
/ spAt; spAt/ n (US infml 口) small or unimportant quarrel 小争吵: a spat between brother and sister 兄妹俩的小吵小闹.
spat
/ spAt; spAt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) cloth or leather covering for the ankle worn formerly by men over the shoe and fastened at the side （旧时男子用的）护踝鞋罩: a pair of spats 一双鞋罩.
spate
/ speIt; spet/ n  1 [sing] sudden fast rush (of business, etc) （生意等的）突然增多: a spate of orders 突如其来的一大批订货单 * a spate of new cars on the market 突然上市的一批新汽车 * a spate of (cases of) influenza in the winter 冬天的一阵流感.  2 (idm 习语) in `spate (of a river, etc) flowing strongly at a much higher level than normal （指河水等）高涨: After the storm all the rivers were in spate. 暴雨过後河水都上涨了.
spatial
/ 5speIFl; `speFEl/ adj (fml 文) of, concerning or existing in space 空间的; 有关空间的; 存在於空间的: the spatial qualities of the new concert hall 新音乐厅的空间特性. 
spatially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv.
spatter
/ 5spAtE(r); `spAtL/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/over sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) scatter, splash or sprinkle sth in drips (over sb/sth) 洒、 溅或泼在（某人[某物]）上: spatter oil on one's clothes/spatter one's clothes with oil 把油溅在衣服上 * As the bus passed it spattered us with mud. 公共汽车开过时, 溅了我们一身泥. =>Usage at spray2 用法见 spray2.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or rain down in drops 滴下; 洒落: We heard the rain spattering down on the roof of the hut. 我们听到雨滴滴答答打在小屋的屋顶上. * Bullets spattered around us. 子弹像雨点般射在我们周围.
spatter 
n [sing] ~ (of sth) (a) sprinkling; small shower 溅; 洒; 泼; 滴落: a spatter of rain, bullets, etc 一阵雨、 弹雨. (b) sound of spattering 洒、 溅、 泼等的声音: the spatter of rain on the tent 雨落在帐篷上的滴沥声 * a spatter of applause 劈里啪拉的一阵掌声.
spatula
/ 5spAtFUlE; `spAtFElE/ n  1 tool with a wide flat blunt blade used for mixing and spreading, esp in cooking and painting （搅拌或涂敷用的）铲; （尤指）烹调用铲, 漆工抹刀: He scraped the mixture out of the bowl with a plastic spatula. 他用塑料铲把盆里的混合料刮了出来. * She levelled the surface of the cake mixture with a metal spatula. 她用金属铲抹平了蛋糕配料. =>illus at kitchen 见 kitchen 插图.  2 strip of hard material (usu wood) used by a doctor for pressing the tongue down when examining the throat 压舌板.
spawn
/ spR:n; spRn/ n [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词)  1 eggs of fish, shellfish and frogs, toads, etc （鱼、 甲壳动物、 蛙、 蟾等的）卵: `frog-spawn 蛙卵.  2 (biology 生) white fibrous matter from which mushroomsand other fungi grow 菌丝.
spawn 
v [I, Tn] (a) (of fish, frogs, etc) produce (eggs) （指鱼、 蛙等）产（卵）: salmon spawning 产卵的鲑鱼 * Have the frogs spawned yet? 那些蛙产卵了吗? (b) (esp derog 尤作贬义) appear or produce (sth) in great numbers 大批涌现; 大量产生（某事物）: departments which spawn committees and sub-committees 派生出一大串委员会和附属委员会的部门 * new housing estates spawning everywhere 处处涌现出的新住宅区.
spay
/ speI; spe/ v [Tn] remove the ovaries of (a female animal) to prevent breeding 切除（动物的）卵巢; 骟（雌性动物）: Has your cat been spayed yet? 你那只母猫骟了吗?
speak
/ spi:k; spik/ v (pt spoke / spEUk; spok/, pp spoken / 5spEUkEn; `spokEn/)  1 [I] make use of words in an ordinary voice (not singing); utter words 说话; 讲话: He can't speak. 他不会说话. * Please speak more slowly. 请慢点说. * `May I speak to Susan?' ie at the beginning of a telephone conversation. ｀可以请苏珊听电话吗?＇ * `Speaking,' ie this is Susan speaking (in reply to previous question). ｀我就是.＇（对前一句的回答）.  2 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) know and be able to use (a language) 会说（某语言）: He speaks several languages. 他会说好几种语言. * She speaks a little Urdu. 她会一点儿乌尔都语. * Does anyone speak English here? 这儿有人会说英语吗?  3 [Ipr] ~ (to/with sb) (about/of sb/sth) have a conversation (with sb); express oneself in words; talk （与某人）交谈; 用语言表达; 谈话: I was speaking to him only yesterday. 昨天我还跟他说过话呢. * Can we speak about plans for the holidays? 我们谈谈假期的打算好吗? * She was speaking about it for hours. 那件事她谈了好几个钟头. * She didn't speak of her husband at all. 她完全没谈到她丈夫.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/about sth) make a speech (to an audience) 发言; 讲话; 演讲: She spoke for forty minutes at the conference. 她在会上讲了四十分钟. * Are you good at speaking in public? 你善於当众讲话吗? * I told him to speak on any subject he wanted. 我已告诉他想谈什麽就谈什麽.  5 [Tn] make (sth) known; say or express 表明（某事）; 说出: speak the truth 说实话 * He spoke only two words the whole evening. 一晚上他只说了两个字. =>Usage at say 用法见say.  6 [I, Ipr]~ (to/with sb) (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) (infml 口) be on friendly or polite terms (with sb) （与某人）礼尚往来: They're not speaking (to each other) after their argument. 他们争吵过後就互不理睬了.  7 (idm 习语) actions speak louder than words => action. be on `speaking terms (with sb) (a) know sb well enough to speak to him 与某人熟识到可交谈的程度: I see him on the train every day but we're not on speaking terms. 我每天都在火车上见到他, 但彼此没说过话. (b) be on friendly or polite terms; be willing to talk (to sb) (esp after an argument) 礼尚往来; 肯（对某人）说话（尤指争吵後）: At last they're on speaking terms again! 他们终於又互相说话了! * They're not on speaking terms after their quarrel. 他们那次吵过架後就互不理睬了. the facts speak for themselves => fact. in a manner of speaking => manner. nothing to `speak of nothing worth mentioning; not much 不值一提; 不多: She has saved a little money, but nothing to speak of. 她存了一点钱, 但少得不值一提. not to speak of/no sth to speak of not worth mentioning/no sth worth mentioning 谈不上[没有值得一提的事物]: We've not had any summer to speak of. 直到现在还没有像样的夏天. * We've had no food to speak of today.谈不上今天吃过东西了. roughly, generally, personally, etc speaking in a rough, general, etc way; from a general, personal, etc point of view 大致上; 一般来说; 从一般、 个人等角度来看: Generally speaking, I don't like spicy food. 我一般不爱吃辛辣的食物. * Personally speaking, I prefer the second candidate. 我本人喜欢第二个候选人. Cf 参看 strictly speakinging (strict). ,so to `speak one could say; as it were 可以说; 可谓: The new procedures have been officially christened, so to speak.新措施可以说已经正式实施了. speak for it`self/them`selves need no explaining; be self-evident 无需说明; 不言自喻: The events of that evening speak for themselves. 那天晚上发生的事情不用说也很清楚. speak for one`self express one's opinion, etc in one's own way 自己表达自己的意思: I'm quite capable of speaking for myself, thank you! 我还是有能力把话说清楚的, 谢谢你吧! speak for your`self (joc or derog catchphrase 谑或贬, 警语) don't think you are speaking on behalf of everyone 你只能代表你自己; 你不能代表别人: `We all played very badly.' `Speak for yourself, I think I played quite well.' ｀我们在场上表现得都很差劲.＇｀你只能说你自己, 我觉得我表现得很不错.＇ speak ill of sb (fml 文) speak in an unkind or unfavourable way about sb 说某人坏话: Don't speak ill of the dead. 别说死者的坏话. * I've never spoken ill of him in my life. 我这辈子从来没说过他的坏话. speak one's `mind express one's views directly and frankly 直率地表达意见. speak/talk of the devil => devil1. speak the same `language (as sb) (infml 口) have similar tastes and ideas (as sb); have a common understanding （与某人）口味和意见相同; 有共同的想法: As soon as I met Liz, it was obvious we spoke the same language. 我和利兹一见面就明显觉得我们俩很说得来. speak volumes for sb/sth be strong evidence of sb/sth's merits, qualities, etc 充分证明某人[某事物]的优点、 品质等: These facts speak volumes for her honesty. 这些事实都有力地证明了她为人诚实. speak `well for sb be evidence in favour of sb 证明某人很好: Her reputation as a good mother speaks well for her. 大家都知道她是个好母亲, 这足以证明她人品好. `spoken for reserved, etc in advance 事先预订的: I'm afraid you can't use those chairs  they're already spoken for. 很抱歉, 你不能用这些椅子--有人预先说好了要用的. the spoken/written word => word.  8 (phr v) speak for sb (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) state the wishes, views, etc, of sb; act as a spokesman for sb 表达某人的愿望、 意见等; 代某人说话: I'm afraid I can't speak for Geoff, but... 很抱歉, 我不能代表杰夫说话, 但是.... (b) give evidence on behalf of sb 为某人作证; 为某人辩护: Who is prepared to speak for the accused? 谁来为被告辩护? speak of sth (fml 文) indicate sth; suggest sth 表明某事物; 意味著某事物: Her behaviour speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的表现显示出她勇敢地承受著痛苦. speak out (against sth) say boldly and clearly what one thinks (in opposition to sth) 大胆明确地说出（反对某事物）的意见: He was the only one to speak out against the closure of the hospital. 只有他一人直言不讳地表示反对关闭医院. speak to sb (euph 婉) reprimand; tell off 责备; 训斥: Your children are disturbing my wife; can you speak to them, please? 你的孩子吵得我妻子不得安宁, 请说说他们好吗? speak to sth (fml 文) give information about (a subject), esp at a meeting 讲述（某事）（尤指在会上）: Will you speak to this item, David? 戴维, 你来谈谈这个问题好吗? speak up speak louder 大点声说: Please speak up; we can't hear you at the back. 请大点儿声说, 我们在後面听不见. speak up (for sb) state clearly and freely what one thinks (on behalf of sb) （为某人）明确而坦率地说出想法: It's time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice. 现在该为蒙受不公正对待的人们大声疾呼了.
speaker 
n  1 person who makes speeches; person who speaks or was speaking 发言者; 演讲者; 说（著）话的人: May I introduce our speaker for this evening? 我来介绍一下今晚演讲的人好吗? * a good, poor, interesting, etc speaker 演讲水平高的人、 演讲能力差的人、 发言有趣的人 * I turned and saw the speaker at the back of the room. 我转过脸看见说话的人是在屋子的最後面.  2 (infml 口) = loudspeaker (loud).  3 person who speaks a language 说某种语言的人: French speakers/speakers of French 说法语的人.  4 the Speaker person who presides over business in the House of Commons and other legislative assemblies （英国下议院及其他议会的）议长: `Order! Order!' shouted the Speaker. ｀安静! 安静!＇议长大声说道. * MP's trying to attract the attention of the Speaker 尽力引起议长注意的下议院议员.
-spoken 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) speaking in a specified way 以某种方式说话的: well-spoken * a soft-spoken man.
speaking clock 
(Brit infml 口) telephone service that gives spoken statements of the time 电话报时服务.
speak-easy 
n place where alcohol may be bought illegally (esp formerly in the US during Prohibition) 非法售酒处（尤指美国禁酒时期）.
-speak
suff 後缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) language or jargon (esp of a particular group or organization) 语言, 术语, 行话（尤指某群体或机构的）: computerspeak 计算机术语 * newspeak 新说法（模棱两可、 互相矛盾的宣传用语）.
spear
/ spIE(r); spIr/ n  1 weapon with a metal point on a long handle, used (esp formerly) for hunting and fighting 矛; 长枪; 标枪: antelopes killed with spears 用长枪刺死的羚羊.  2 long pointed leaf or stem (eg of grass or asparagus) growing directly out of the ground 长而尖的叶或茎（直接从地面生出的, 如草或芦荀）: spears of the snowdrop plant 雪花莲的茎.
spear 
v [Tn] strike, pierce or wound (sb/sth) with a spear; kill with a spear （用矛）刺穿, 刺伤, 刺死（某人[某物]）: They were standing in the river spearing fish. 他们站在河里叉鱼. * The warriors speared the man to death. 武士们把那个男子戳死了.
spearhead 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) person or group that begins or leads an attack 先锋; 前锋; 先头部队: The new managing director will act as spearhead of the campaign. 新上任的常务董事将在这场运动中挂帅.  
spearhead
v [Tn] act as a spearhead for (sth) 为（某事）作先锋; 带头做（某事）: The tanks spearheaded the offensive. 坦克在那次进攻中打头阵.
spearmint
/ 5spIEmInt; `spIr9mInt/ n [U] common variety of mint used for flavouring (esp chewing-gum) 留兰香: [attrib 作定语] spearmint toffees 留兰香太妃糖. Cf 参看 peppermint.
spec
/ spek; spZk/ n (idm 习语) on `spec (infml 口) as a speculation or gamble, without being sure of obtaining what one wants 碰运气: I went to the concert on spec: I hadn't booked a seat. 我去听音乐会是碰运气, 因为没预订座位.
special
/ 5speFl; `spZFEl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or general 特殊的; 特别的: goods on special offer, ie cheaper than usual 特价货 * He did it as a special favour. 他做这事算是特别照顾. * What are your special interests? 你有些什麽特别爱好? * She's a very special friend. 她是个特殊的朋友.  2 [attrib 作定语] designed, reserved or arranged, etc for a particular purpose 专门的; 特设的: a special train, eg for a holiday excursion 专列（如为假日出游特设的） * a special occasion 特别安排的活动 * You'll need a special tool to do that. 干那个活儿要用专用工具. * She has her own special way of doing things. 她做事自有一套办法. * Newspapers send special correspondents to places where important events take place. 报社往往派遣特派记者到有重大事件的现场.  3 [attrib 作定语] exceptional in amount, degree, quality, etc 额外的; 格外的: Take special care of it. 对这东西要特别细心. * Why should we give you special treatment? 凭什麽要我们对你特殊照顾? * He takes no special trouble with his work. 他在工作上不特别卖力. Cf 参看 especial.
special 
n  1 person or thing that is not of the usual or regular type, esp a special constable, train or edition (of a newspaper, etc) 特别的人或事物; （尤指）特种警察, 专列, 号外, 特刊: an all night television special on the election 电视上整夜的选举专题报道 * Specials were brought in to help the regular police force. 已增派特警部队协助常规警察.  2 (US infml 口) reduced price (in a shop) given prominence through advertising, etc （通过广告等宣传的）大减价: There's a special on coffee this week. 本周咖啡特价出售. * Coffee is on special (ie being sold at a lower price than usual) this week. 本周咖啡大减价.
specialist 
/ -FElIst; -FElIst/ n person who is an expert in a special branch of work or study, esp of medicine 专业工作者; 专家; （尤指）专科医生: an `eye specialist 眼科医师 * a specialist in plastic surgery 整形外科医生.
specially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv  1 for a particular purpose 特意地; 专门地: I came here specially to see you. 我是专程来看你的. * I made this specially for your birthday. 这是我特意为你生日而做的.  2 (also especially) exceptionally; particularly 格外地; 特别地; 特殊地: I enjoyed the evening, but the meal wasn't specially good. 整个晚上我过得很高兴, 但那顿饭不怎麽样.
Special Branch 
(Brit) department of the police force that deals with national security （警察部门的）政治保安处.
special constable 
person trained to help the police force occasionally, esp in an emergency 特种警察.
special delivery 
delivery of mail (a letter, parcel, etc) by a special messenger instead of by the usual postal service （信件、 包裹等的）专递: If you want the letter to arrive tomorrow send it (by) special delivery. 要让这封信明天到, 就得用专递服务.
special licence 
licence allowing a marriage to take place at a time or place not usu authorized 结婚特别许可（不限在通常规定的时间或地点举行婚礼）.
special pleading 
(law 律) persuasive but unfair reasoning that favours one side of an argument 偏向的诡辩.
special school 
school for handicapped children 特殊学校（残疾儿童学校）.
special student 
(US) student at an American university not on a degree course 美国大学中不就读学位课程的学生.
specialize, specialise
/ 5speFElaIz; `spZFEl9aIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (a) be or become a specialist 成为专家; 专门从事; 专攻: He specializes in oriental history. 他专门研究东方史. (b) give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc); be well-known for 专注於（某项目、 产品等）; 以...闻名: This shop specializes in chocolates. 这个商店专门出售巧克力.
specialization, specialisation 
/ 9speFElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9spZFElI`zeFEn/ n [U].
specialized, specialised 
adj  1 adapted or designed for a particular purpose （为适应某目的或为某目的而设计的）专门的: specialized tools 有专门用途的工具.  2 of or relating to a specialist 专业的; 专科的: specialized knowledge 专业知识 * specialized work 专业性的工作.
speciality
/ 9speFI5AlEtI; 9spZFI`AlEtI/ (also esp US specialty / 5speFEltI; `spZFEltI/) n  1 interest, activity, skill, etc to which a person gives particular attention or in which he specializes 专业; 特长: Her speciality is medieval history. 她专修中世纪史. * His speciality is barbecued steaks. 烤牛排是他的拿手好菜.  2 service or product for which a person, place, firm, etc is well-known; particularly good product or service 招牌性的或优质的服务或产品; 特制品; 拳头产品: Wood-carvings are a speciality of this village. 木雕是这个村的特殊工艺品. * Home-made ice-cream is one of our specialities. 本店自制的冰激凌别具风味.
specie
/ 5spi:Fi:; `spiFI/ n [U] (fml 文) money in the form of coins (contrasted with paper) 硬币（相对纸币而言）: [attrib 作定语] specie payments 硬币支付 * payment in specie 以硬币支付.
species
/ 5spi:Fi:z; `spiFiz/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 group of animals or plants within a genus(1) differing only in minor details from the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups 物种; 种: a species of antelope 一种羚羊 * various animal species 各种动物 * the human species, ie mankind 人类. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9, family 4.  2 (infml or joc 口或谑) sort; type 种类; 类型: an odd species of writer 古怪的作家.
specific
/ spE5sIfIk; spI`sIfIk/ adj  1 detailed, precise and exact 详细而精确的; 确切的: specific instructions 明确的指示 * What are your specific aims? 你有确切的目标吗?  2 relating to one particular thing, etc; not general 特定的; 具体的: The money is to be used for one specific purpose: the building of the new theatre. 这笔钱有专门用途: 就是建造新剧院.
specific 
n  1 (medical 医) drug used to treat a particular disease or condition 特效药: Quinine is a specific for malaria. 奎宁是治疗疟疾的特效药.  2 particular aspect or precise detail 具体的方面; 详情; 细节: moving from the general to the specific 从泛泛而谈转向具体论述 * We all agreed on our basic aims, but when we got down to specifics it became more complicated. 关於基本目标, 大家的意见是一致的, 但谈到具体事情时, 情况就复杂了.
specifically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv in a specific manner 确切地; 具体地; 特别地: You were specifically warned not to eat fish. 已经特别叮嘱过你不要吃鱼. * The houses are specifically designed for old people. 这些房子是专为老年人设计的.
specific gravity 
mass of any substance in relation to an equal volume of water 比重.
specification
/ 9spesIfI5keIFn; 9spZsEfE`keFEn/ n  1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] details and instructions describing the design, materials, etc of sth to be made or done 规格; 规格说明: specifications for (building) a garage （建造）车房的规格说明 * the technical specifications of a new car 新汽车的技术规格.  2 [U] action of specifying 具体说明; 详述: the specification of details 细节的详述.
specify
/ 5spesIfaI; `spZsE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tf, Tw] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) state or name clearly and definitely (details, materials, etc) 确切说明（细节、 材料等）; 明确规定; 详述: The contract specifies red tiles, not slates, for the roof. 合同中规定屋顶要用红瓦而不用石板瓦. * The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination. 规则中指明考试时可以用词典.
specimen
/ 5spesImEn; `spZsEmEn/ n  1 thing or part of a thing taken as an example of its group or class (esp for scientific research or for a collection) 样品, 标本（尤用於科研或作收藏品）: There were some fine specimens of rocks and ores in the museum. 博物馆里有些很好的岩石和矿石标本. * [attrib 作定语] a specimen signature 签字样 * a publisher's catalogue with specimen pages of a book 附有某书样张的出版物目录.  2 sample (esp of urine) to be tested (usu for medical purposes) 标本; 样; （尤指）尿样: supply specimens for laboratory analysis 提供作实验分析的标本.  3 (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) person of a specified sort, esp one who is unusual in some way 有某特点的人（尤指有些怪异的）: a fine specimen (of humanity) 好人 * That new librarian is an odd specimen, isn't he? 新来的图书管理员挺古怪的, 是不是?
specious
/ 5spi:FEs; `spiFEs/ adj (fml 文) seeming rightor true but actually wrong or false 似是而非的: a speciousargument 似是而非的论点. 
speciously 
adv: speciously convincing 貌似有理而让人信服. 
speciousness 
n [U].
speck
/ spek; spZk/ n very small spot or stain; tiny particle (of dirt, etc) 小斑点; 小污点; （泥土等的）小颗粒: a speck of soot on his shirt 他衬衫上的黑炱斑 * Do you ever see specks in front of your eyes? 你是否有过眼前出现黑斑的现象? * The ship was a mere speck on the horizon. 那只船在天水交接处不过是一个小点儿.
speckle
/ 5spekl; `spZkl/ n small mark or spot, esp one of many, often occurring as natural markings on a different coloured background (on the skin, feathers, eggs, etc) （皮肤、 羽毛、 蛋壳等上的）斑点, 色斑, 色点: brown speckles on a white egg 白色蛋上的褐斑 * speckles of red in a blue background 蓝底红点儿.
speckled 
adj marked with speckles 有斑点的; 有色斑的: a speckled hen 有花斑的母鸡 * speckled eggs 有色斑的蛋.
spec
/ spek; spZk/ n (idm 习语) on `spec (infml 口) as a speculation or gamble, without being sure of obtaining what one wants 碰运气: I went to the concert on spec: I hadn't booked a seat. 我去听音乐会是碰运气, 因为没预订座位.
specs
/ speks; spZks/ n [pl] (infml 口) = glasses (glass 5).
spectacle
/ 5spektEkl; `spZktEkl/ n  1 grand public display, procession, performance, etc 大场面（壮观的公开展示、 队列、 表演等）: The ceremonial opening of Parliament was a fine spectacle. 该议会的开幕式场面隆重.  2 impressive, remarkable or interesting sight 精彩的、 非凡的或有趣的情景: The sunrise seen from high in the mountains was a tremendous spectacle. 从山上居高远望, 日出景象蔚为奇观.  3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) object of attention, esp sb/sth unusual or ridiculous 注意的目标; （尤指）不同寻常的或滑稽的人[事物]: The poor fellow was a sad spectacle. 那可怜的家伙看著就叫人难过.  4 (idm 习语) make a `spectacle of oneself draw attention to oneself by behaving, dressing, etc ridiculously, esp in public （因行为、 穿著等）出丑, 出洋相: make a spectacle of oneself by arguing with the waiter 跟服务员争吵而出丑.
spectacles
/ 5spektEklz; `spZktEklz/ n [pl] (usu fml 通常作文雅语) = glasses (glass 5): I've lost a pair of spectacles. 我丢了一副眼镜. * Where are my spectacles? 我的眼镜呢?
spectacled 
/ -kEld; -kld/ adj wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的.
spectacular
/ spek5tAkjUlE(r); spZk`tAkjElL/ adj (a) making a very fine display or show 壮观的; 精彩的:a spectacular display of fireworks 壮观的烟火会. (b)(attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary 引人注目的; 出色的; 与众不同的: a spectacular victory by the French athlete 那个法国运动员的辉煌胜利.
spectacular 
n (supposedly) impressive show or performance; spectacle 精彩的节目或表演; 壮观的场面: a Christmas TV spectacular 圣诞节精彩的电视节目 * an aerobatic spectacular at the air show 航空表演中的特技飞行奇观. 
spectacularly 
adv: a spectacularly daring performance 扣人心弦的惊险表演.
spectator
/ spek5teItE(r); ?@ 5spekteItEr; `spZktetL/ n person who watches (esp a show or game) 观看者; （尤指表演或比赛的）观众: noisy spectators at a football match 足球比赛中喧闹的观众.
spectator sports 
sports that attract many spectators,eg football 观众多的体育运动（如足球）: Many spectator sports are now televised. 有许多体育项目因观众多现已由电视转播.
spectral
/ 5spektrEl; `spZktrEl/ adj (fml 文)  1 of or like a spectre(1) （似）鬼的, 幽灵的: spectral figures 鬼影.  2 of the spectrum or spectra 谱的; 光谱的: spectral colours 谱色.
spectre (US specter) 
/ 5spektE(r); `spZktL/ n (fml 文)  1 ghost; phantom 鬼; 幽灵: haunted by spectres from the past 闹鬼的.  2 unpleasant and frightening mental image of possible future trouble （因可能出现困难而产生的）忧虑, 恐怖: The spectre of unemployment was always on his mind. 他心头一直萦绕著可能失业的恐惧感.
spectro-
comb form 构词成分 of or concerned with a spectrum 谱的; 有关谱的: spectrometer.
spectrometer
/ spek5trCmItE(r); spZk`trBmEtL/ n type of instrument that can be used for measuring spectra 分光计; 分光仪; 谱仪.
spectroscope
/ 5spektrEskEUp; `spZktrE9skop/ n instrument for producing and examining the spectra of a ray of light 分光镜.
spectroscopic 
/ 9spektrE5skCpIk; 9spZktrE`skBpIk/ adj of or by means of a spectroscope 分光镜的; 藉分光镜的: spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析.
spectrum
/ 5spektrEm; `spZktrEm/ n (pl spectra / 5spektrE; `spZktrE/) (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 image of a band of colours as seen in a rainbow (and usu described as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet), formed by a ray of light that has passed through a prism 光谱.  2 similar series of bands of sound 声谱; 频谱: the sound spectrum 声谱.  3 (fig 比喻) full or wide range or sequence 范围; 系列: covering the whole spectrum of ability 涉及整个能力范围. =>Usage at data 用法见 data.
speculate
/ 5spekjUleIt; `spZkjE9let/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/on/upon sth) form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess 思考; 思索; 推断; 推测: speculate about/upon the future 对未来的推想 * I wouldn't like to speculate on the reasons for her resignation. 我不愿意猜测她辞职的原因. * I can only speculate that he left willingly. 我看他一定是自愿走的.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) buy and sell goods or stocks and shares in the hope of making a profit through changes in their value, but with the risk of losing money 投机; 做投机买卖: speculate in oil shares 做石油股票的投机买卖 * speculating on the stock market 进行证券投机.
speculator 
n person who speculates (speculate 2) 投机者; 投机商.
speculation
/ 9spekjU5leIFn; 9spZkjE`leFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] ~ (over/about/upon/on sth) action of speculating (speculate1) 思考; 思索; 推断; 推测: much speculation over the cause of the air crash 对飞机坠毁原因的多方推测. (b) [C] opinion reached in this way; guess 推测结论; 猜测: My speculations proved totally wrong. 我猜想的全错了.  2 (a) [U] ~ (in sth) activity of speculating (speculate2) 投机活动: speculation in oil 在石油业中的投机活动 * dishonest speculation in property development房地产开发中的欺诈性投机活动. (b) [C] business deal, transaction, etc involving this 投机买卖; 投机生意: make some unprofitable speculations 做些无利可图的投机生意 * buy many shares as a speculation 买入许多股票进行投机.
speculative
/ 5spekjUlEtIv; ?@ also 5spekjEleItIv;`spZkjElEtIv, `spZkjE9letIv/ adj  1 concerned with or formed by speculation(1) 思考的; 思索的; 有关推断的; 推测出的: speculative philosophy 思辩哲学 * His conclusions are purely speculative, ie based on reasoning, not facts. 他做出的结论纯粹是推测而来的.  2 as a speculation(2) 投机的; 投机生意的: speculative buying of grain 投机购买谷物 * speculative housing 投机性营造房屋.
sped
pt, pp of speed.
speech
/ spi:tF; spitF/ n  1 [U] (a) power or act of speaking 说话的能力; 说话: Man is the only animal that has the faculty of speech. 人类是唯一有说话能力的动物. * We can express our thoughts by speech. 我们能以说话的方式表达思想. * His illness left him without the power of speech. 他病後丧失了说话能力. * freedom of speech, ie freedom to say openly in public what one thinks, eg on social and political questions 言论自由. (b) manner or way of speaking 说话的方式: His indistinct speech made it impossible to understand him. 他口齿不清, 无法听懂他的意思. * She's doing a study of children's speech. 她正在研究儿童说话现象. * His speech was slurred: he'd clearly been drinking. 他说话含混不清, 显然喝了酒了.  2 [C] (a) ~ (on/about sth) formal talk given to an audience 讲话; 发言; 演说: make/deliver/give a speech 发言 * a speech on/about racism 关於种族主义的讲话 * He made a very boring after-dinner speech. 他在宴会後的讲话很枯燥. (b) (usu long) group of lines to be spoken by an actor in a play （通常指长的）台词: I've got some very long speeches to learn in Act 2. 第2幕中我有些大段台词要记.
speechless 
adj (a) unable to speak, esp because of strong feeling 说不出话的（尤指因激动）: speechless with surprise 惊讶得说不出话来 * Anger left him speechless. 他气得说不出话来. (b) that cannot be expressed in words 无法用言语表达的: speechless rage 无法用言语表达的愤怒. 
speechlessly 
adv: speechlessly furious 气愤得说不出话来. 
speechlessness 
n [U].
speech-day 
n annual school celebration with speeches and distribution of certificates and prizes （学校一年一度的）毕业典礼日.
speech therapy 
special treatment to help people with speech problems to speak more clearly 言语治疗. 
speech therapist 
person trained to provide this 言语治疗专家.
speechify
/ 5spi:tFIfaI; `spitFE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) make a speech or speeches pompously; talk as if making speeches 高谈阔论; 煞有介事地讲话: town councillors speechifying at the opening of a new building 在新大厦的启用典礼上放言高论的市镇议员.
speed
/ spi:d; spid/ n  1 [U] quickness of movements; swiftness 快; 迅速: He moves with great speed. 他动作很迅速. * The tennis player's speed is his great asset. 那个网球运动员动作迅速, 这是他的一大优势.  2 [C, U] rate at which sb/sth moves 速度; 速率: at a speed of fifty kilometres an hour 以每小时五十公里的速度 * at (a) very slow speed 以很慢的速度 * at top speed 以最高速度.  3 [C] (a) sensitivity of photographic film to light 感光度: What's the speed of the film you're using? 你用的胶卷感光度是多少? (b) time taken by a camera shutter to open and close 快门速度: different shutter speeds 不同的快门速度 * a photograph taken at a speed of -1-250 of a second 用-1-250秒的快门速度拍摄的照片.  4 [U] (sl 俚) amphetamine used as a drug to produce a sense of well-being and excitement 苯异丙胺, 安非他明（用以产生欣快感和兴奋感）: He's hooked on (ie addicted to) speed. 他使用安非他明已成瘾.  5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) gear 排挡: a ten-speed bicycle 十速自行车.  6 (idm 习语) at speed at high speed; quickly 高速地; 快地: It's dangerous to go round corners at speed. 高速转弯很危险. full pelt/tilt/speed => full. full speed/steam ahead => full. more haste, less speed => haste. pick up speed => pick3. a turn of speed => turn2. with all `speed/`haste as quickly as possible 尽快地. with lightning speed => lightning2.
speed 
v (pt, pp sped / sped; spZd/; in senses 2 and 3 用於下述第2义和第3义时作 speeded)  1 [Ipr] move along or go quickly 快速行进; 疾行: cars speeding past the school 从学校旁快速驶过的汽车 * He sped down the street. 他沿那条街快步走去.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to move or go quickly 使（某事物）快速移动或行进: This medicine will help speed her recovery. 这药能加快她康复.  3 [I] (usu in the continous tenses 通常用於进行时态) drive or go faster than the speeds allowed by law 违章超速驾驶或行驶: The police said he'd been speeding on the motorway. 警察说他在高速公路上违章超速行驶.  4 (phr v) speed (sth) up (cause sth to) increase speed （使某事物）加速: They've speeded up production of the new car. 他们加快了新汽车的生产. * The train soon speeded up. 火车不久就加快了速度.
speeding 
n [U] traffic offence of travelling at an illegal or a dangerous speed 违章超速行驶: fined 60 for speeding 因超速而被罚款60英镑.
speedometer 
/ spi:5dCmItE(r); spi`dBmEtL/ n instrument showing the speed of a motor vehicle, etc （机动车等的）速度计: The speedometer is faulty. 这个速度计有毛病. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
speedy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (often infml 常作口语) moving quickly; fast 快速的; 迅速的: a speedy business operator 办事效率高的经营者.  2 coming, done or carried out, etc without delay 迅即的; 及早的: wish sb a speedy recovery from illness 祝某人早日康复. 
speedily 
adv. 
speediness 
n [U]: the speediness of his recovery from the accident 他在事故後的迅速康复.
speedboat 
n motor-boat designed to go at high speeds 快艇.
speed-indicator 
n (fml 文) speedometer 速度计.
speed limit 
highest speed at which it is legal to travel (on a particular stretch of road) （某段道路的）速度限制: What's the speed limit on the motorway? 高速公路的速度限制是多少? * The speed limit is 40 miles per hour. 规定的最高时速为40英里.
speed merchant 
(sl derog 俚, 贬) person who drives a car or motor bike very fast 高速驾驶汽车或摩托车的人.
speed trap 
system used by the police to catch motorists, etc who are driving faster than the speed limit 车速监视路段.
speedway 
n (a) [C] track for fast driving and racing, esp by motor-bikes 赛车跑道（尤指摩托车的）. (b) [U] sport of racing motor-bikes on such a track 摩托车赛: Do you like speedway? 你喜欢摩托车赛吗? (c) [C] (US) road on which fast driving is allowed 高速公路.
speed-up 
n (infml 口) increase in speed; acceleration 加速; 加快: a speed-up in the rate of production 生产速度的提高.
speedwell
/ 5spi:dwel; `spidwZl/ n type of small wild plant with bright blue flowers 婆婆纳（草本植物, 开鲜艳蓝花）.
speleology (also spelaeology) 
/ 9spi:lI5ClEdVI; 9spilI`BlEdVI/ n [U]  1 scientific study and exploration of caves 洞穴学.  2 sport of walking in and exploring caves 洞穴探险（运动）.
speleological (also spelaeological) 
/ 9spi:lIE5lCdVIkl;9spilIE`lBdVIkEl/ adj: speleological exploration 洞穴探索.
speleologist (also spelaeologist) 
/ 9spi:lI5ClEdVIst; 9spilI`BlEdVIst/ n scientist who studies caves; expert in speleology 洞穴学学者; 洞穴探险家.
spell
/ spel; spZl/ n  1 (a) [C] words which when spoken are thought to have magical power; charm 咒语; 咒; 符咒: a book of spells 咒语集 * The wizard recited a spell. 那术士念了一咒. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] state or condition caused by the speaking of such words (used esp in the expressions shown) 被咒语镇住的状态, 中魔（尤用於以下示例）: be under a spell, ie be in this state 被咒语镇住 * cast/put a spell on sb 对某人施魔咒.  2 [sing] great attraction, fascination, etc caused by a person or thing; strong influence 魅力; 魔力; 威势: under the spell of her beauty 被她的美艳迷住 * the mysterious spell of music 音乐的神奇魔力.
spellbinder 
/ 5spelbaIndE(r); `spZl9baIndL/ person (esp a speaker) who can hold sb's attention completely (as if) by magic （似乎）以魔法吸引住他人注意力者; （尤指）使听者入迷的演讲者. 
spellbinding 
/ -baIndIN;-baIndIN/ adj holding the attention in this way; entrancing使人入迷的; 迷人的: a spellbinding performance 迷住人的表演. 
spellbound 
/ -baUnd; -9baJnd/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] with the attention held by, or as if by, a magical spell; entranced 著魔; 入迷; 出神: The magician held (ie kept) the children spellbound. 魔术师把孩子都迷住了.
spell
/ spel; spZl/ n  1 period of time during which sth lasts （某事物持续的）一段时间: a long spell of warm weather 持续很久的温暖的天气 * a cold spell in January 一月份中一段寒冷的日子 * rest for a short spell 歇一会儿.  2 ~ (at/on sth) period of activity or duty (esp one which two or more people share); turn 活动的或工作的一段时间; （尤指）轮班的时间: a spell at the wheel of the car, eg when two people are sharing the driving 轮流驾驶汽车 * a spell on the typewriter 打一会儿字 * We took spells at carrying the baby. 我们轮流抱孩子.
spell
/ spel; spZl/ v (pt, pp spelled / speld; spZld/ or  spelt / spelt; spZlt/) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2.  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n] name or write letters of (a word) in their correct order （用字母）拼（某字）; 拼写: How do you spell your name? 你的名字怎麽拼写? * That word is spelt with a PH, not an F. 那个字里的f音拼作PH而不是F. * You spell his name P-A-U-L. 他的名字拼作P-A-U-L. (b) [I, Tn] put the letters of (words) together in the correct or accepted order 正确地拼（字）: These children can't spell. 这些孩子不会拼字. * Why don't you learn to spell my name (correctly)? 你怎麽不花点工夫把我的名字拼对呢?  2 [Tn] (of letters) form (words) when put together in a particular order （指字母）拼成（字）: C-A-T spells cat. C-A-T拼成cat.  3 [Tn] have (sth) as a result; mean 招致（某事物）; 意味著: The failure of their crops spelt disaster for the peasant farmers. 作物歉收农民就要受灾.  4 (phr v) spell sth out (a) say aloud or write the letters of (a word) in their correct order 拼出（某字）: Could you spell that word out for me again? 那个字你再拼一遍好吗? (b) make sth clear and easy to understand; explain sth in detail 讲清楚某事; 详细解释某事: My instructions seem simple enough  do I have to spell them out again? 我的要求算是够明白的了--还要我再讲清楚吗? * She's so stupid that you have to spell everything out. 她笨极了, 什麽事都要给她解释得明明白白.
speller 
n person who spells (usu in the way indicated by the adj) 拼字者（通常有形容词修饰）: She's a good/poor speller. 她拼字的功底很好[差].
spelling 
n  1 [U] (a) ability of a person to spell 拼写的能力: His spelling is terrible. 他的拼字功底极差. * [attrib 作定语] They were given a spelling test. 对他们进行了拼写测验. (b) action or process of forming words correctlyfrom letters 拼写.  2 [C] way a word is spelt 拼法: Which is the better spelling: Tokio or Tokyo? Tokio 和 Tokyo 哪种拼法好呢? * English and American spelling(s) 英式拼法和美式拼法.
spelt
=> spell3.
spend
/ spend; spZnd/ v (pt, pp spent / spent; spZnt/)  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/sth) give or pay out (money) for goods, services, etc 用（钱）; 花（钱）: He spends as if he were a millionaire. 他用起钱来像个百万富翁似的. * She's spent all her money. 她把钱都花光了. * He spends too much (money) on clothes. 他在衣著上花费太大.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth/in doing sth) (a) use (time, etc) for a purpose 花（时间等）: spend a lot of time on a project/(in) explaining a plan 花很多时间进行某项目[解释某方案] * spend one's energy cleaning the place up 用力气把那地方打扫乾净. (b) use sth up; exhaust sth 用完, 耗尽（某物）: The blizzard quickly spent itself, ie used up all its force. 暴风雪很快就停了下来. * They went on firing until they had spent all their ammunition. 他们不停地射击, 耗尽了所有的弹药. * I've spent all my energy on this. 我对此事已呕尽心血.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] pass (time) 度过, 消磨（时间）: How do you spend your spare time? 你业余时间怎麽打发? * spend a weekend in Paris 在巴黎过周末 * spend summer holidays by the sea 在海滨过暑假.  4 (idm 习语) spend the `night with sb (euph 婉) sleep for a night in the same bed as and have sexual intercourse with sb to whom one is not married 跟某人过一夜（与非配偶同床并发生性行为）. spend a`penny (infml euph 口, 婉) go to the toilet; urinate 去厕所; 解小便: I'm just going to spend a penny. 我要去厕所.
spender 
n person who spends money (usu in wayindicated by the adj) 花钱者（通常有形容词修饰）: a big/an extravagant spender 大手大脚的人[挥金如土的人] * a miserly spender 用钱很小气的人.
spendthrift 
n person who spends money extravagantly and wastefully 挥霍者; 败家子.
spent
/ spent; spZnt/ adj (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] having lost power or strength; used 失去效力的; 衰竭的; 用过的: a spent match 燃过的火柴 * a spent cartridge/bullet 空的弹壳[弹头]. (b) (fml 文) exhausted 筋疲力尽的: He returned home spent, dirty and cold. 他回到家时筋疲力尽, 又脏又冷.
sperm
/ sp\:m; sp[m/ n  1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 sperms) male reproductive cell able to fertilize a female ovum 精子: He has a low sperm count, ie He has few sperm cells and so is not very fertile. 他的精液中精子含量少.  2 [U] fertilizing fluid of a male animal containing these; semen 精液.
spermicide 
/ -IsaId; -E9saId/ n substance that kills sperm 杀精子剂. 
spermicidal 
/ 9sp\:mI5saIdl; 9sp[mE`saIdEl/ adj [attrib 作定语]: spermicidal jelly 杀精膏.
sperm whale
/ 5sp\:m weIl; `sp[m 9hwel/ n large whale producing spermaceti 抹香鲸.
spermaceti
/ 9sp\:mE5setI; 9sp[mE`sZtI/ n [U] white waxy fatty substance contained in solution in the heads of sperm whales, used (esp formerly) for ointments, candles, etc 鲸蜡; 鲸脑油.
spermatozoon
/ 9sp\:mEtE5zEUEn; 9sp[mEtE`zoEn/ n (pl -zoa / -5zEUE; -`zoE/) (biology 生) sperm 精子; 精液.
spew
/ spju:; spju/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out/up) (esp infml 尤作口语) vomit 呕吐: spewing up in the basin 呕吐到盥洗盆里 * She spewed up the entire meal. 她把那顿饭全吐出来了.  2 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ out; ~ sth (out) (cause sth to) send out in a stream （使某事物）喷出, 射出: Water spewed out of the hole. 水从孔中射出. * The volcano spewed molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩.
sphagnum
/ 5sfAgnEm; `sfA^nEm/ n (pl ~s or  sphagna / 5sfgnE; `sfA^nE/) type of moss that grows in wet areas, used esp for packing plants 泥炭藓（尤用於包裹植物）.
sphere
/ sfIE(r); sfIr/ n  1 (a) solid figure that is entirely round (ie with every point on the surface at an equal distance from the centre) 球体; 球形. =>illus at cube 见cube插图. (b) any object having approximately this shape (eg a ball, a globe) 球状物.  2 (a) range or extent (of sb's interests, activity, influence, etc) （某人的兴趣、 活动、 影响等的）范围: a sphere of influence, eg area over which a country, etc claims certain rights 势力范围（如一国的） * Her sphere of interests is very limited. 她的爱好很有限. (b) group in society; person's place in society 社会阶层; 社会地位: It took him completely out of his sphere. 这件事完全超出了他的生活范围了. * distinguished in many different spheres, eg in artistic, literary and political circles 在许多领域出众（如艺术、 文学、 政治等方面）.
spherical 
/ 5sferIkl; `sfZrIkl/ adj shaped like a sphere 球形的; 球状的; 球面的: a spherical object 球状的物体.
spheroid 
/ 5sfIErRId; `sfIrRId/ n solid object that is almost, but not perfectly, spherical 扁球体; 椭形球.
-sphere
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) of or like a sphere 球体的; 球状的: ionosphere * atmosphere. 
-spheric (also -spherical) 
(forming adjs 用以构成形容词): atmospheric.
sphincter
/ 5sfINktE(r); `sfINktL/ n (fml 文) ring of muscle that surrounds an opening in the body and can contract to close it 括约肌: the anal sphincter 肛门括约肌.
sphinx
/ sfINks; sfINks/ n  1 (esp 尤作 the Sphinx) stone statue in Egypt with a lion's body and a man's or an animal's head 斯芬克斯（埃及的狮身人面或狮身兽面石像）.  2 person who keeps his thoughts and feelings secret; enigmatic person 内心世界不外露的人; 谜一样的人: I've always found her rather sphinx-like. 我总觉得她像个谜一样, 难以捉摸.
spice
/ spaIs; spaIs/ n  1 (a) [C] any of various types of substance obtained from plants, with a strong taste and/or smell, used, esp in powder form, for flavouring food 香料（从植物中提取而得, 尤指粉状的）: Ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper and cloves are common spices. 姜、 肉豆蔻、 肉桂、 胡椒、 丁香都是常用的香料. (b) [U] such substances considered as a group 香料（总称）: mixed spice 混合香料 * too much spice in the cake 糕饼中香料太多 * [attrib 作定语] a spice jar 香料瓶.  2 [U] (fig 比喻) extra interest or excitement 额外的趣味或刺激性的事物: a story that lacks spice 乏味的故事 * add a bit of spice to their marriage 给他们的婚姻增添了些微情趣. Cf 参看 salt 5.
spice 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)  1 add flavour to sth with spice 用香料给某物调味: Have you spiced this cake? 这蛋糕中加香料了吗? * He spiced the biscuits with cinnamon. 他在饼乾里加了肉桂.  2 (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) add (humour, etc) to give interest, variety, etc 加入（幽默成分等）以增添趣味、 新鲜感等: a boring life spiced with moments of intrigue 除了几件秘史点缀外枯燥无味的一生 * His stories are spiced with humour. 他的小说里有很多幽默风趣的片断.
spiced 
adj containing spice(1) or spices 含香料的: heavily spiced curries 味道浓的咖喱食品 * spiced biscuits 香味饼乾.
spicy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 flavoured with spice; smelling or tasting of spice 用香料调味的; 有香料味的; 辛辣的: Do you like spicy food? 你喜欢吃辣的食物吗?  2 exciting or interesting (esp because slightly indecent or scandalous) 有刺激性的, 有趣味的（尤指有些猥亵或丑事成分的）: spicy details of a film star's love life 某影星的桃色底蕴. 
spiciness 
n [U]: the spiciness of Indian food 印度菜的辛辣.
spick
/ spIk; spIk/ adj (idm 习语) ,spick and `span [usu pred 通常作表语] neat, clean and tidy 整洁: They always keep their kitchen spick and span. 他们的厨房总是很整洁.
spider
/ 5spaIdE(r); `spaIdL/ n any of several types of small creature with eight thin legs, many of which spin webs to trap insects as food 蜘蛛.
spidery 
/ 5spaIdErI; `spaIdErI/ adj  1 (esp of handwriting) having thin angular lines like a spider's legs （尤指笔迹）细长而有棱角的: written in her spidery scrawl 她用细长而潦草的字体写的.  2 full of spiders 有很多蜘蛛的.
spider-man 
/ -mn; -mAn/ n (pl -men / -men; -mZn/) man who works at a great height in constructing buildings 高空作业的建筑工人.
spider plant 
plant with thin leaves and long stems from which fresh young plants grow 醉蝶花属植物.
spied
pt, pp of spy.
spiel
/ Fpi:l; ?@ spi:l; spil/ n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) long or fast prepared speech (usu intended to persuade sb or as an excuse) 滔滔不绝的讲话（通常为说服某人或用作藉口）: The salesman gave (us) a long spiel about why we should buy his product. 推销员口若悬河, 说我们应该买他的东西.
spigot
/ 5spIgEt; `spI^Et/ n (usu wooden) peg or plug used to stop the hole of a barrel, etc or to control the flow of liquid from a tap （通常为木质的）塞子.
spike
/ spaIk; spaIk/ n  1 [C] hard thin pointed piece of metal, wood, etc; sharp point （金属、 木质等的）尖状物, 尖头: sharp spikes on top of the railings in the park 公园栏杆上的尖头.  2 (a) [C] any of a set of metal points attached to the sole of a shoe, etc to prevent the wearer slipping while running in sports, etc （鞋底的）防滑钉. (b) spikes [pl] running-shoes fitted with these 钉鞋: a pair of spikes 一双钉鞋.  3 [C] long metal nail or pin （金属的）长钉, 长针, 大钉.  4 [C] ear (of corn, etc) （玉米等的）穗: spikes of barley 大麦穗.  5 [C] long pointed group of flowers on a single stem 穗状花: spikes of lavender 薰衣草的穗状花.
spike 
v [Tn]  1 (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) put spikes on (shoes, etc) 给（鞋等）装上钉: spiked running shoes 带钉的跑鞋.  2 pierce or injure with a spike 用尖物刺或伤害.  3 (esp US) = lace v 2.  4 (idm 习语) spike sb's `guns spoil the plans of (an opponent) 破坏（对手）的计画.
spiky 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 having sharp points or spikes 有尖刺的: Your hairbrush is too spiky for me. 你的发刷我觉得太尖了.  2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) (of people) easily offended and difficult to please; irritable （指人）难对付的, 难取悦的, 易怒的. 
spikiness 
n [U].
spill
/ spIl; spIl/ v (pt, pp spilt / spIlt; spIlt/ or spilled) =>Usage at dream2 用法见 dream2.  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from, out of, etc sth); ~ out (allow or cause liquid, etc to) run or fall over the edge of a container 流出; 溢出; 洒出: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了一桌子. * He knocked the bucket over and all the water spilt out. 他撞翻了水桶, 水全流出去了. * Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了? =>illus at pour 见pour插图.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) reveal or make sth known 泄漏某事物: Who spilt the news? 是谁把这消息捅出去的?  3 (idm 习语) cry over spilt milk => cry1. spill the `beans (infml 口) reveal (esp secret) information, deliberately or unintentionally （故意地或无意地）泄露（尤指秘密的）信息. spill `blood (fml 文) (cause people to) be injured or killed; shed blood （使人）受伤, 被杀, 流血: Much innocent blood is spilt in war. 许多无辜的人在战争中受伤或死亡.  4 (phr v) spill over overflow from sth that is full 从某物中溢出: The meeting spilt over from the hall into the corridor. 参加会议的人从大厅到走廊挤得水泄不通.
spill 
n  1 fall from a horse, bicycle, etc （从马、 自行车等上）跌下: have a nasty spill 重重地摔了下来.  2 (idm 习语) thrills and spills => thrill n.
spillage 
/ 5spIlIdV; `spIlIdV/ n (a) [U] action of spilling 溢出; 泼出; 洒出. (b) [C] amount spilt 溢出量; 洒出量: spillages of drink 饮料洒出的量.
spillway 
n passage for surplus water from a reservoir, river, etc 溢洪道; 泄洪道.
spill
/ spIl; spIl/ n thin strip of wood or twisted paper, used for lighting candles, pipes, fires, etc （点燃蜡烛、 烟斗等用的）木片, 纸捻.
spin
/ spIn; spIn/ v (-nn-; pt spun / spQn; spQn/ or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 span / spn; spAn/, pp spun)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (round) make sth turn round and round rapidly 使某物快速旋转: spin the ball, eg in cricket or tennis 打旋转球（如板球或网球中） * spin a top 转陀螺 * He spun the wheel of his bicycle. 他快速转动自行车的轮子. * They spun a coin to decide who should start, ie threw it spinning in the air to see which side was uppermost when it landed. 他们抛转硬币来决定谁开场. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] move round and round rapidly 快速旋转: The revolving sign was spinning round and round in the wind. 旋转的标志牌在风中打著旋儿. * The collision sent the car spinning across the road. 汽车被撞得转著圈儿冲到路的另一边. * The blow sent him spinning back against the wall. 他被打得晕头转向, 撞在後面的墙上. * She spun round to catch the ball. 她飞快地转身接球. * (fig 比喻) My head is spinning, ie I feel dizzy. 我头晕.  2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (A into B)/(B from A) form (thread) from wool, cotton, silk, etc by drawing out and twisting; make (yarn) from wool, etc in this way 纺（线）; 纺（纱）: She spins goat's hair into wool/spins wool from goat's hair. 她把山羊毛纺成毛线. (b) [I] engage in the occupation or pastime of spinning thread 纺纱（为业或消遣）: I enjoy spinning. 我喜欢纺纱.  3 [Tn] (of a spider, silkworm, etc) produce (fine silk or silk-like material) from the body in order to make (a web, cocoon, etc) （指蜘蛛等）结（网）; （指蚕等）吐丝做（茧）: spiders spinning their webs 结网的蜘蛛 * silkworms spinning cocoons 做茧的蚕.  4 (idm 习语) spin (sb) a `yarn tell a (usu long) story, often in order to deceive sb 讲故事（通常很长, 常用以蒙人）: The old sailor loves to spin yarns about his life at sea. 那老水手爱信口开河地讲他的航海生涯. * He spun us this unlikely yarn about being trapped for hours in a broken lift. 他对我们胡诌在坏电梯中困了几个小时.  5 (phr v) spin along (sth) move along rapidly on wheels （车辆）疾驰: The car was spinning merrily along (the road). 汽车（沿路）轻快地奔驰著. spin sth out make sth last as long as possible 使某事物尽量延长或拖延: spin out the time by talking 靠说话来拖延时间 * spin one's money out until the next pay-day 省著花钱以维持到发工资那天.
spin 
n  1 [U, C] turning or spinning movement 旋转: [attrib 作定语] spin bowling 投旋球 * The bowler gave (a) spin to the ball, eg in cricket, baseball, etc. 投球手发了一个旋球（如在板球、 棒球等运动中）. * He gambled his money on one spin of the wheel, eg at a game of roulette. 他把钱压在（轮盘赌等的）一局上.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] fast spinning movement of an aircraft during a diving descent （飞行器的）旋冲: go/get into a spin 进入旋冲状态 * come/get out of a spin 脱离旋冲状态.  3 [C] (infml 口) short ride for pleasure (in a car, on a bicycle, etc) （乘汽车、 骑自行车等）兜风: Let's go for a spin in my new car. 坐我的新汽车兜一圈吧.  4 (idm 习语) in a (flat) `spin in a state of panic or confusion 惊慌失措; 晕头转向: I've been in a real spin all morning. 我整个上午都晕头转向的.
spinner  
1 person who makes thread, etc by spinning 纺纱者; 纺纱工: spinners and weavers 纺纱工和织布工.  2 (a) = spin bowler. (b) cricket ball bowled with a spinning movement （板球的）旋球.
spinning 
n [U] art, occupation or pastime of spinning wool, etc into yarn 纺纱: Spinning is one of my hobbies. 我很喜爱纺纱. * [attrib 作定语] spinning wool/thread/yarn 纺出的毛线[线/纱]. ,spinning-`jenny n early type of machine for spinning more than one thread at a time 詹妮纺纱机（初期的多轴纺纱机）. `spinning-wheel n simple household machine for spinning thread continuously on a spindle turned by a large wheel, usu worked by a foot pedal 纺车（通常为脚踏的）.
spin bowler (also spinner) 
(in cricket) bowler who gives the ball a spinning movement （板球中）投出旋转球者.
spin-dry 
v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] dry (washed clothes) by spinning them in a rotating drum to remove excess water 给（洗好的衣物）用旋转式脱水机脱水; 甩乾. 
spin-drier 
n machine for doing this 旋转式脱水机; 甩乾机.
spin-off 
n benefit or product that is produced incidentally from a larger process, or while it is being developed 副产品; 派生物: This new material is a spin-off from the space industry. 这种新材料是航天工业的副产品.
spun glass 
glass made into threads by being spun while heated 玻璃纤维.
spun silk 
cheap material made from short threads and waste pieces of silk, often mixed with cotton 绢丝纺绸.
spun sugar 
sugar made into fluffy threads by being spun when in a thick liquid form 棉花糖. Cf 参看 candy-floss (candy).
spina bifida
/ 9spaInE 5bIfIdE; 9spaInE `bIfIdE/ (medical 医) condition in which certain bones of the spine are not properly developed at birth and allow parts of the spinal cord to protrude (causing severe disability) 脊柱裂.
spinach
/ 5spInIdV; ?@ -ItF; `spInItF/ n [U] type of common garden plant with wide dark-green leaves that are cooked and eaten as a vegetable 菠菜: [attrib 作定语] spinach soup 菠菜汤.
spinal
/ 5spaInl; `spaInl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to the spine 脊柱的; 与脊柱相关的: a spinal injury 脊柱受伤.
spinal column 
backbone; spine 脊梁骨; 脊柱.
spinal cord 
mass of nerve fibres enclosed in the spine 脊髓.
spindle
/ 5spIndl; `spIndl/ n  1 thin rod on which thread is twisted or wound by hand in spinning 纺锤; 锭子.  2 bar or pin which turns or on which sth (eg an axle or a shaft) turns 转杆; 轴; 心轴.
spindly 
/ 5spIndlI; `spIndlI/ adj (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) very long or tall and thin 细长的; 又高又瘦的: a young foal with spindly legs 细长腿的小驹子 * a few spindly plants 几棵细长的花草.
spine
/ spaIn; spaIn/ n  1 row of bones along the back of humans and some animals; backbone 脊柱; 脊椎: He sustained an injury to his spine when he fell off his horse. 他从马上摔下来, 伤了脊梁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.  2 any of the sharp needle-like parts on some plants (eg cactuses) and animals (eg porcupines, hedgehogs) （仙人掌等的）刺; （豪猪、 刺　等的）刺毛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.  3 back part of the cover of a book, where the pages are joined together (ie the part that is visible when it is in a row on a shelf, usu with the book's title on it) 书脊.
spineless 
adj  1 (of an animal, etc) having no spine(1); invertebrate （指动物等）无脊椎的.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) (of people) weak, cowardly or easilyfrightened （指人）软弱的, 胆小的, 无骨气的. 
spinelessly
adv. 
spinelessness 
n [U].
spiny 
adj (-ier, -iest) full of or covered with spines (spine 2); prickly 长满刺的; 多刺的; 带刺的: a spiny fish 鳍上多刺的鱼.
spine-chiller 
n book, film, etc that is frightening in a thrilling way 令人毛骨悚然的书、 电影等. 
spine-chilling 
adj: a spine-chilling horror story 令人毛骨悚然的恐怖小说.
spinet
/ spI5net; ?@ 5spInIt; `spInIt/ n old type of musical instrument with a keyboard, similar to a harpsichord 古钢琴.
spinnaker
/ 5spInEkE(r); `spInEkL/ n large triangular extra sail carried on the mainmast of a racing-yacht, used when sailing with the wind coming from behind the boat （赛艇的）大三角帆（顺风时用）. =>illus at yacht 见 yacht 插图.
spinney
/ 5spInI; `spInI/ n (Brit) small wood with thick undergrowth; thicket 矮树林; 灌木林.
spinster
/ 5spInstE(r); `spInstL/ n (a) (law or fml 律或文) unmarried woman 未婚女子. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) woman who remains single after the usual age for marrying 老处女. Cf 参看 bachelor 1.
spinsterhood 
/ -hUd; -9hJd/ n [U] state of being a spinster 未婚女子身分; 老处女身分.
spiral
/ 5spaIErEl; `spaIrEl/ adj advancing or ascending in a continuous curve that winds round a central point 螺旋形的; 盘旋的: a spiral staircase 螺旋式楼梯 * A snail's shell is spiral in form. 蜗牛壳是螺旋形的.
spiral 
n  1 (a) spiral line 螺线. (b) object that has a spiral shape 螺旋状的物体.  2 continuous increase or decrease in two or more quantities alternately because each depends on the other(s) 互为前提的至少两个量之间的交替上升或下降: an inflationary spiral 螺旋式上升的通胀 * the spiral of rising wages and prices 工资和物价的交替上升.  3 (idm 习语) a vicious spiral => vicious.
spiral 
v (-ll-; US also -l-)  1 [Ipr, Ip] move in a spiral course 螺旋形移动; 盘旋移动: The falling leaf spiralled to the ground. 落叶盘旋著飘到了地上. * The smoke spiralled upwards. 那股烟袅袅上升.  2 [I, Ip] increase or decrease continuously 连续增长或减少: Prices are still spiralling, ie increasing rapidly. 物价仍在急剧上涨.
spirally 
adv: a spirally bound book, ie with its pages held together by wire bent spirally 用螺旋丝装订的书.
spire
/ 5spaIE(r); `spaIr/ n pointed structure in the form of a tall cone or pyramid, esp on a church tower （圆锥形或角锥形的）尖顶; （尤指）教堂塔尖: a magnificent view of the spires of the city 全城建筑物尖顶尽收眼底的美景. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.
spirit
/ 5spIrIt; `spIrIt/ n  1 [U, C] person's mind or feelings as distinct from his body; soul 精神; 心灵: He is troubled in spirit/His spirit is troubled. 他内心苦恼.  2 [C] soul thought of as separate from the body; soul without a body; ghost 魂; 灵魂; 鬼魂; 鬼: the spirits of the dead 亡灵 * raise spirits, ie communicate with dead people 招魂 * It was believed that people could be possessed by evil spirits. 据说人能中邪. * [attrib 作定语] the spirit world 阴界.  3 [C] (dated 旧) supernatural creature; elf, fairy, etc 超自然的生物（精灵、 仙子等）.  4 [U, C] life and consciousness not associated with a body 神灵: tribal beliefs that spirit is everywhere and in everything 认为神灵无所不在、 无事不有的部落信仰 * God is pure spirit. 上帝纯粹是灵. * the Holy Spirit 圣灵.  5 [C] (always with an adj 必须与形容词连用) person (of a specified type, emotion, temper, etc) （某类型的或有某种情感、 脾气等的）人: a brave, proud, generous, mean, etc spirit 勇敢的、 骄傲的、 慷慨的、 小气的...人 * He was one of the leading spirits of the reform movement. 他是改革运动的先行者. * She's an independent spirit. 她是有独立性的人.  6 [U] willingness to assert oneself; courage; liveliness 志气; 勇气; 活力; 精神: He answered with spirit. 他回答得很带劲儿. * break sb's spirit, ie destroy sb's will, sense of independence, etc 挫败某人的锐气 * Although they lost, the team played with tremendous spirit. 那队输是输了, 但却表现了极其顽强的精神.  7 [sing] state of mind or mood; attitude 心态; 心理; 态度: do sth in a spirit of mischief 以恶作剧的心理做某事 * approach sth in the wrong/right spirit 以错误的[正确的]态度对待某事物 * Whether it was unwise or not depends upon the spirit in which it was done. 这件事可取与否全在於做这件事的态度. * The party was successful because everyone entered into the spirit of the thing. 这次聚会因大家积极参与所以很成功.  8 (a) [sing] characteristic quality or mood of sth 某事物的特点或气氛: the spirit of the times 时代气息 * the 16th-century spirit of exploration 16世纪的探险风. (b) [U] real or intended meaning or purpose 实质的含义或宗旨: obey the spirit, not the letter (ie the apparent meaning of the words) of the law 遵循法律的宗旨, 而不拘泥其中的文字.  9 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] strong distilled alcoholic drink 烈酒: I don't drink spirits. 我不喝烈酒. * Whisky, brandy, gin and rum are all spirits. 威士忌、 白兰地、 杜松子酒、 朗姆酒都是烈酒. (b) [U] distilled alcohol for industrial, etc use 酒精; 乙醇: white spirit 石油溶剂 * surgical spirit 消毒酒精 * methylated spirit(s) 甲基化酒精.  10 spirits [pl] person's feelings or state of mind 精神状态; 情绪; 心境: in high spirits, ie cheerful 情绪高 * in low/poor spirits, ie depressed, gloomy 情绪低 * raise sb's spirits, ie make sb more cheerful 鼓舞某人的情绪 * Have a glass of brandy to keep your spirits up. 来杯白兰地提提神吧.  11 (idm 习语) in spirit in one's thoughts 在内心; 在精神上: I shall be with you in spirit, ie thinking about you though not with you physically. 我的心和你在一起. a kindred spirit => kindred. the ,spirit is `willing (but the ,flesh is `weak) (saying 谚) one's intentions and wishes are good but laziness, love of pleasure, etc prevent one from acting according to them 心余力绌.
spirit 
v (phr v) spirit sb/sth away/off take or carry sb/sth away quickly, secretly or mysteriously (as if magic) 迅速地、 偷偷地或神秘地带走某人[某物]; 诱拐; 诱带: The pop-star was spirited away at the end of the concert before her fans could get near her. 音乐会一结束, 那位流行乐曲歌手没等歌迷接近她就没影儿了.
spirited 
/ 5spIrItId; `spIrItId/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] full of spirit(6); lively; forceful 精神饱满的; 活跃的; 猛烈的: a spirited attack, reply, conversation 猛烈的攻击、 响亮的回答、 活跃的交谈 * a spirited horse 勇猛的马. 
spiritedly 
adv.
-spirited 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the mood or state of mind specified 有某种情绪的; 处於某种心境的; 心地...的: ,mean-spirited * ,high-spirited `children.
spiritless 
adj  1 without spirit(6); not having or showing liveliness or courage 没精打采的; 沉闷的; 胆小的.  2 depressed or unhappy 沮丧的; 不快活的: The old man seemed dejected and spiritless. 那老汉显出一副垂头丧气的潦倒相.
spirit-lamp 
n lamp that burns methylated spirit or a similar fuel 酒精灯.
spirit-level 
n glass tube partly filled with water or alcohol, with a bubble of air, used to test whether sth is horizontal by means of the position of the bubble 酒精水准仪.
methylated spirits
/ 9meWEleItId 5spIrIts; 9mZWE9letId`spIrIts/ type of alcohol (made unfit for drinking) used as a fuel for lighting and heating 甲基化酒精（不适於饮用, 仅作燃料）.
spiritual
/ 5spIrItFUEl; `spIrItFJEl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作 定语]  1 of the human spirit(4) or soul; not of physical things 精神的; 心灵的; 非物质的: concerned about sb's spiritual welfare 关心某人精神上的幸福. Cf 参看 material2.  2 (a) of the Church or of religion 教会的;宗教的: The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians.教皇是众多基督徒的宗教领袖. (b) of or from God; divine 上帝的; 神的; 神授的; 天赐的. Cf 参看 temporal1.3 (idm 习语) one's spiritual `home place where one is, or thinks one could be, happiest; country to which one feels more strongly attached than to one's own country 乐土; 心灵上的祖国.
spiritual 
n (also Negro `spiritual) religious folk-song of the type originally sung by black slaves in America （原先由美国黑奴唱的）黑人圣歌.
spirituality 
/ 9spIrItFU5AlEtI; 9spIrItFJ`AlEtI/ n [U] state or quality of being concerned with spiritual matters; devotion to spiritual things 精神性; 灵性; 信仰.
spiritually 
/ -tFUlI; -tFJlI/ adv: a spiritually impoverished culture 精神枯竭的文化.
spiritualism
/ 5spIrItFUElIzEm; `spIrItFJEl9IzEm/ n [U] belief in the possibility of receiving messages from the spirits of the dead; practices based on this belief 唯灵论; 阴阳界相通论; 招魂术.
spiritualist 
/ -Ist; -Ist/ n person who believes in or practises spiritualism 唯灵论者; 相信阴阳界相通者; 招魂术士; 关亡人; 巫师.
spirituous
/ 5spIrItFUEs; `spIrItFJEs/ adj (of a drink) containing much alcohol （指饮料）酒精含量高的: spirituous liquors, ie those that are distilled and not only fermented 烈性酒.
spit
/ spIt; spIt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp spat / spt; spAt/; also esp US spit)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (at/on/onto sb/sth) send (liquid, saliva, food, etc) out from the mouth 吐出（液体、 唾液、 食物等）: He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. 他嘴上挨了打之後, 吐出血来. * The baby spat its food (out) onto the table. 婴儿把吃进去的东西吐在桌子上了. * He took one sip of the wine and spat it out. 他抿了一口酒, 又吐了出来.  2 [I, Ipr] (a) send saliva from the mouth 吐口水; 吐唾沫; 吐痰: In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public. 在许多国家, 当众吐痰属不雅行为. * He's inclined to spit when he talks quickly. 他说话说快了就爱喷唾沫星. * The boys were spitting out of the train window. 那些男孩子向火车窗外吐口水. (b) do this as a sign of contempt or anger 啐唾沫（以示鄙夷或愤怒）: She spat at him/in his face. 她向他[他的脸上]啐了一口唾沫.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth violently or forcefully 厉声说出某事: She spat (out) curses at me. 她厉声咒骂我. (b) [I, Ipr] make a noise like spitting to show anger 发出啐唾沫的声音以示愤怒: He walked off spitting with fury. 他发出呸的声音生气地走了. * The cat spat at the dog. 那只猫朝著狗发出呼呼声.  4 [I] (of afire, hot fat, etc) make a spitting noise; throw out sparks, etc violently and noisily （指火、 熬热的油脂等）毕剥作响, 　啪作响; （尤指猛烈、 大声地）迸出火花: fried bacon spitting in the pan 在锅内　啪作响的煎腌肉 * The gun spat twice and he fell dead. 乒乒两枪, 他应声扑地身亡.  5 [I] (infml 口) (used with it, in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 用於进行时态) rain lightly 下小雨: It's not raining heavily any more, but it's still spitting a bit. 大雨已经停了, 但是还在飘著小雨.  6 (idm 习语) be the (very/spitting) image of sb/sth => image. spit it `out (infml 口) say what you want to say quickly and concisely 爽快地说出来: `What exactly are you trying to tell me? Come on, spit it out!' ｀你到底想跟我说什麽? 你就爽快点说出来吧!＇
spit 
n  1 [U] liquid in the mouth; saliva 口水; 唾液.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of spitting 吐唾沫; 吐痰.  3 [U] white frothy liquid produced by some insects and found on plants, etc （某些昆虫留在植物等上的）白色泡沫状分泌物.  4 (idm 习语) be the dead spit of sb => dead. spit and `polish thorough cleaning and polishing of equipment, esp by soldiers 对设备（尤指军用装备）彻底的擦洗.
spitfire 
n person with a very fiery temper 烈性子的人.
spit
/ spIt; spIt/ n  1 long thin metal spike pushed through meat, etc to hold and turn it while it is roasted over a fire or in an oven （烤肉等所用的）金属扦.2 small narrow point of land that extends into the sea, a lake, etc 岬; 岬角.
spit 
v (-tt-) [Tn] put a spit through (a piece of meat, a chicken, etc) 用烤肉扦刺穿（肉、 鸡等）: a spitted whole lamb 串在烤扦上的整只羔羊.
spit
/ spIt; spIt/ n depth of earth equal to the length of the blade of a spade 一锹的深度: Dig the whole vegetable plot two spits deep. 把整块菜地按两锹深翻挖一遍.
spite
/ spaIt; spaIt/ n  1 [U] desire to hurt, annoy or offend another person; ill will 恶意; 坏心: I'm sure he only said it out of/from spite. 我肯定他说这话完全是出於恶意.  2 (idm 习语) in spite of (used as a prep 用作介词) not being prevented by (sb/sth); regardless of; despite 不顾（某人[某事物]）; 不管; 尽管: They went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下著雨, 他们还是出去了. * In spite of all his efforts he failed. 他已竭尽全力, 但仍然失败了.
spite 
v  1 [Tn] (only used in the infinitive with to 仅用於带to的不定式中) injure, annoy or offend (sb) because of spite 恶意地伤害、 惹怒或冒犯（某人）: The neighbours play their radio loudly every afternoon just to spite us. 邻居每天下午把收音机的音量开得很大, 向我们泄愤.  2 (idm 习语) cut off one's nose to spite one's face => nose1.
spiteful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj showing or caused by spite; full of spite 恶意的; 怀恨的: a spiteful comment 恶意的评论 * He's just being spiteful. 他心怀恶意. 
spitefully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv. 
spitefulness 
n [U].
spittle
/ 5spItl; `spItl/ n [U] liquid that forms in the mouth; saliva 口水; 唾液; 痰.
spittoon
/ spI5tu:n; spI`tun/ n container for spitting into, eg in a bar 痰盂.
spiv
/ spIv; spIv/ n (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) flashily dressed man who has no regular job but makes money by (usu dishonest) business dealings 衣冠楚楚、 无固定工作的人（通常做黑市买卖者）. 
spivish 
adj.
splash
/ splAF; splAF/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about) (on/onto/over sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause (a liquid) to fly about in drops; make sb/sth wet in this way 使（液体）溅起; 溅湿某人[某物]: Stop splashing me! 别再溅我了! * splash water on/over the floor 把水洒在地板上 * splash paint onto the canvas 把颜料泼在画布上 * splash the floor with water 用水把地板泼湿 * splash water about 四处泼水 * The children love splashing water over each other. 儿童喜欢互相泼水. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a liquid) fly about and fall in drops （指液体）溅落: Water splashed into the bucket from the tap. 水从龙头里喷溅著注入水桶中. * The rain splashed down all day. 雨　里啪啦下了一整天.  3 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) decorate sth with large or irregular patches of colour, paint, etc 以大片的或不规则的颜色等装饰某物: a bath towel splashed with blue and green 有绿色和蓝色大花的浴巾.  4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about) (across, on, etc sth) (a) display (a news story, photograph, etc) prominently 显眼地展示（新闻报道、 照片等）: The story was splashed across the front page of the newspaper. 这篇报道刊登在报纸头版显著位置. (b) spend (money) freely and ostentatiously 大手大脚地花（钱）: He thinks he can win friends by splashing his money about. 他以为花钱大方就可以赢得朋友.  5 (phr v) splash about (in sth) sit or stand in water and make it fly about with one's hands or feet （坐在或站在水里）用手或脚溅水: children happily splashing about in the bath 在浴缸里快活地溅著水玩的孩子. splash across, along, away, through, etc move across, etc with a splashing noise 带著泼溅声走过等: We splashed (our way) across the stream. 我们哗啦哗啦地　尚过小河. * She splashed through the puddles. 她哗哗地　尚过水坑. splash down (esp of a spacecraft) land in water with a splash （尤指宇宙飞船）溅落: The spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific. 那艘宇宙飞船溅落在太平洋中. splash out (on sth) (infml 口) spend money (on sth) in an impulsive or a carefree way 心血来潮地或随意地花钱（於某事物上）: She splashed out on a new pair of shoes. 她心血来潮买了一双新鞋.
splash 
n  1 (sound or act of) splashing 溅泼声; 溅泼: He fell into the water with a splash. 他扑通一声跌入水中.  2 mark, spot, etc made by splashing 溅上的斑点 等: There are some splashes of mud on your trousers. 你的裤子溅上泥点了.  3 amount of liquid splashed 溅泼的量: splashes of water all over the floor 溅得一地板的水.  4 bright patch of colour 鲜艳的色斑: Her dog is brown with white splashes. 她的狗是带白花的黄狗.  5 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) small quantity of a liquid, esp of soda-water, added to a drink （搀入饮料中的）少量液体（尤指苏打水）.  6 (idm 习语) make, etc a `splash (infml 口) do sth or happen in such a way as to attract attention, create a sensation, etc 惹人注目; 引起轰动: She has made quite a splash in literary circles with her first book. 她的第一本书在文学界大为轰动. * Their engagement created a terrific splash in the popular press. 他俩订婚的事在广受欢迎的新闻界极为轰动.
splash-down 
n landing of a spacecraft in the sea （航天器的）溅落: Splash-down is scheduled for 5.30 am. 航天器的预定溅落时间为上午5时30分.
splatter
/ 5splAtE(r); `splAtL/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) splash, esp with continuous or noisy action （使某物）溅泼（尤指连续地或发出声响）: rain splattering on the roof 劈里啪啦打在屋顶上的雨点 * overalls splattered with paint 溅上了颜料的长罩衫. =>Usage at spray2 用法见 spray2.
splay
/ spleI; sple/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) open out and become wider at one end; (cause sth to) slant or slope （使某物）张开, 展开一端; （使某物）倾斜, 成斜面: The pipe splays (out) at one end. 管子一端呈喇叭形. * The plumber splayed the end of the pipe before fitting it over the next section. 铅管工把管口撑大後套在另一截管子上. * splayed feet/fingers/elbows, ie spread outwards 八字脚[张开的手指/向外撑的胳膊肘儿] * a splayed window, eg one in a thick wall with the opening on one side of the wall wider than that on the other 斜展形窗户（如开在厚墙上的, 窗口一面宽一面窄）.
splay 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp of feet) broad, flat and turned outwards （尤指脚）扁平外翻的: He has splay feet. 他是外八字脚. 
splay-footed 
adj having splay feet 八字脚的; 外翻足的.
spleen
/ spli:n; splin/ n  1 [C] organ of the body situated at the left of the stomach, which regulates the quality of the blood 脾; 脾脏. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.  2 [U] (fml or dated 文或旧) bad temper; irritability or grumpiness 坏脾气; 怒气; 怨气: a fit of spleen 一阵怒气 * vent one's spleen on sb 对某人发脾气.
splendid
/ 5splendId; `splZndId/ adj  1 magnificent; displaying splendour 华丽的; 壮丽的; 堂皇的; 辉煌的: a splendid sunset, house, victory 壮观的日落景色、 堂皇的房子、 辉煌的胜利.  2 (infml 口) very fine; excellent 极好的; 绝妙的: a splendid dinner 美餐 * a splendid idea, achievement, piece of writing 极好的主意、 成就、 文章.
splendiferous
/ splen5dIfErEs; splZn`dIfErEs/ adj (infmljoc 口, 谑) splendid 极好的; 了不起的.
splendour (US splendor) 
/ 5splendE(r); `splZndL/ n (a) [U] state or quality of being splendid, magnificent, glorious, or grand 华丽; 壮观; 辉煌; 光辉: the splendour of the stained glass windows 彩色玻璃窗之华丽 * Can the city recapture its former splendour? 这座城市还能重现其往昔的光辉吗? (b) splendours [pl] splendid, magnificent, etc features or attributes of sth 华丽、 壮观等的特质: the spendours of Rome, ie its fine monuments, buildings, sights, etc 罗马的壮观.
splenetic
/ splI5netIk; splI`nZtIk/ adj (fml 文) habitually grumpy and irritable 脾气坏的; 乖戾的; 易怒的.
splice
/ splaIs; splaIs/ v [Tn]  1 (nautical 海) join (two ends of rope) by weaving the strands of one into the strands of the other 捻接（绳头）.  2 join (two pieces of wood, magnetic tape, film, etc) by fastening them at the ends 拼接（木片、 磁带、 胶片等）.  3 (idm 习语) get `spliced (infml 口) get married 结婚: Have you heard?John's just got spliced. 听说了吗? 约翰刚结了婚. ,splicethe `mainbrace (infml joc 口, 谑) celebrate (esp the end of a hard day's work) by drinking or distributing strong alcoholic drink （尤指辛苦一天後）喝酒乐一乐, 分发酒让大家乐一乐.
splice 
n join (in a film, tape, rope, etc) made by splicing （胶片、 磁带、 绳索等的）拼接, 捻接, 拼接处, 捻接处.
splicer 
n device for joining two pieces of magnetic tape, film, etc （磁带、 胶片等的）接合器.
splint
/ splInt; splInt/ n piece of wood, metal, etc strapped to an injured arm, leg, etc to keep it in the right position while it heals （用以固定受伤肢体的）夹板: put an arm in splints 给胳膊上夹板.
splinter
/ 5splIntE(r); `splIntL/ n small thin sharp piece of wood, metal, glass, etc broken off a larger piece （木头、 金属、 玻璃等的）带尖儿的小碎片: I've got a splinter in my finger. 我手指扎了根刺.
splinter 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into/to sth); ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) break into splinters （使某物）裂成碎片: This wood splinters easily. 这种木头容易裂成片. * The windscreen cracked but didnot splinter. 挡风玻璃裂了, 但没碎. * The waves smashed the boat against the rocks, splintering it to pieces. 浪头把船冲向岩石, 撞成碎片.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (off) (into sth) (fig 比喻) separate off from a larger group; form a splinter group （从较大的团体中）分裂出来, 组成小派别.
splinter group 
small group that has broken off from a larger one, esp in politics 分裂出来的小派别（尤指政界）.
split
/ splIt; splIt/ v (-tt-, pt, pp split)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (up) (into sth) (a) (cause sth to) break or be broken (into two or more parts), esp from end to end （使某物）裂开, 碎裂: Some types of wood split easily. 有些木头容易劈. * She was splitting logs with an axe. 她正用斧子劈木头. * A skilled person can split slate into layers. 手巧的人能把板岩剖成片. (b)(cause people to) separate or divide into (often opposing) groups or parties （使人们）分裂成或分成（常为相对的）集体或派别: The children split (up) into groups. 孩子们分成了小组. * an issue which has split the party (from top to bottom) 导致该党（自上而下）分裂的问题.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (into sth) break sth into parts; divide and share sth 将某事物分成若干部分; 分某事物: split the cost of the meal 分摊饭钱 * split the atom, ie by means of nuclear fission 使原子产生核裂变 * Would you like to split a bottle with me? 咱俩分一瓶喝好吗? * They split (up) the money between them. 他们把钱分了. * For the purposes of the survey we've split the town into four areas. 为了便於调查, 我们把这个镇划成四个区.  3 [La, I, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (open) (cause sth to) break open by bursting （使某物）撑破, 绽裂, 裂开: Suddenly the box split open and a puppy jumped out. 箱子突然打开, 从里面蹦出只小狗. * His coat had split at the seams. 他的大衣开线了. * She split open the coconut. 她把椰子劈开了.  4 [I, Tn] (sl 俚 esp US) leave (a place) 离开（某处）: It's boring here  let's split. 这儿没意思--咱们走吧. * They've split the scene, ie left the event, place, party, etc. 他们走了.  5 (idm 习语) split the `difference (when making a bargain) settle on an amount half-way between two proposed amounts （讲价时）各让一步, 折中. split `hairs (derog 贬) make very fine but unnecessary distinctions (in an argument, etc)（在争论等中）作不必要的过细区分. split an in`finitive(in speaking or writing) place an adverb between to and the infinitive (as in `to quickly read a book') 分裂不定式（在to与动词之间插入副词, 如to quickly read a book）. split one's `sides (laughing/with laughter) laugh uncontrollably 控制不住地大笑; 捧腹（大笑）.  6 (phr v) split (sth) away/off (from sth) separate or divide (sth) from a larger body or group （将某事物）分离出来: The group have split away/off from the official union. 这一部分人已从正式的联盟中分裂出来了. * The storm has split the branch off from the main tree trunk. 暴风雨把树枝从树干上刮了下来. split on sb (to sb) (infml 口) give away information about a person (usu an accomplice) that will get him into trouble 出卖或揭发某人（通常指共犯或同谋）: Billy's friend split on him to the teacher. 比利的朋友给他向老师告了一状. split up (with sb) end a friendship, relationship or marriage; separate 绝交; 断绝关系; 离婚; 分离: Jenny and Joe have split up. 珍妮和乔闹翻了. * John has just split up with his girl-friend. 约翰刚刚跟女朋友吹了.
split 
n  1 [C] act or process of splitting or being split 分开; 劈开; 裂开; 分担.  2 [C] crack or tear made by splitting 裂口; 裂缝: sew up a split in a seam 缝好绽开的 线缝.  3 [C] division or separation resulting from splitting 分裂; 分离: a split in the Labour Party 工党的分裂.  4 [C] pudding made from fruit (esp a banana) cut in two lengthways with cream, ice-cream, etc on top （覆有奶油、 冰激凌等的）水果条甜食; （尤指）奶油冰激凌香蕉条: a banana split 奶油冰激凌香蕉条.  5 the splits [pl] acrobatic position in which the legs are stretched across the floor in opposite directions with the rest of the body upright 劈叉: do the splits 劈一字腿.
splitting 
adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of a headache) very painful （尤指头痛）剧烈的, 剧痛的: I've got a splitting headache. 我头疼得要裂开似的.
split infinitive 
(grammar) infinitive with an adverb placed between to and the verb 分裂不定式.
split-level 
adj  1 (of a building) having sets of rooms at different levels between storeys in other parts of the building, eg when built on sloping ground （指建筑物）错层式的（如建於倾斜地面的）.  2 (of a cooker) havingthe oven placed separately from the burners or hotplates,not below them （指炉灶）分立式的（烤箱分立而不置於炉灶下的）.
split peas 
dried peas split into halves 乾豌豆瓣儿.
split personality 
mental condition in which a person behaves sometimes with one set of emotions, actions, etc, and sometimes with another set; schizophrenia 人格分裂症; 精神分裂症.
split pin 
metal pin with split ends which can be opened out to hold the pin in position 开尾销.
split ring 
ring with its ends not joined but closely overlapping, as used for keeping keys on 叠口环（如钥匙圈）.
split second 
very short moment of time 瞬间; 刹那.,split-second adj [attrib 作定语] very rapid or accurate 极快的; 极精确的: The plan depends on ,split-second `timing. 这计画要想成功就得分秒不差.
split shift 
shift 2(2) in which there are two or more periods of duty 分段班（在时间上分段进行的一个工作班次）.
split ticket 
(US politics 政) ballot-paper marked with votes for candidates of more than one party 分裂票（同时选举不同党派候选人的选票）.
splotch
/ splCtF; splBtF/ (Brit also splodge / splCdV; splBdV/) n dirty mark or spot (of ink, paint, etc); irregular patch (of colour, light, etc) （墨水、 颜料等的）斑, 斑点, 污斑; （颜色、 光等的）形状不规则的一片.
splotch (Brit also splodge) 
v [Tn] mark (sth) with splotches 使（某物）有污斑、 色斑或光斑.
splurge
/ spl\:dV; spl[dV/ n (infml 口)  1 act of spending money freely 挥霍: I had a splurge and bought two new suits. 我大手大脚花了一笔钱买了两套新衣服.  2 ostentatious display or effort (intended to attract attention) 夸示; 炫耀; 卖弄: make a splurge 炫耀一番.
splurge 
v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth) spend (money) freely or extravagantly 无节制地花（钱）; 挥霍（金钱）: She won 100 and then splurged it all on new clothes. 她赢了100英镑, 都挥霍在买新衣服上了.
splutter
/ 5splQtE(r); `splQtL/ v  1 (also sputter) (a) [I, Ip] speak quickly and confusedly (from excitement, anger, etc) （因激动、 气愤等）急促而语无伦次地说话. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say (words) quickly, confusedly or indistinctly 急促地、 语无伦次地或含混不清地说（话）: splutter (out) a few words of apology 语无伦次地道歉.  2 [I] make a series of spitting sounds; sputter 发劈啪声; 毕剥作响: She dived into the water and came up coughing and spluttering. 她扎入水中, 浮上来时呛得连咳嗽带喷水.
splutter 
n spluttering sound 劈啪声; 毕剥声: The candle gave a few faint splutters and then went out. 蜡烛发出轻轻的毕剥声後就熄灭了.
spoil
/ spRIl; spRIl/ v (pt, pp spoilt / spRIlt; spRIlt/ or spoiled / spRIld; spRIld/) =>Usage at dream2 用法见 dream2.  1 [Tn] make (sth) useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin 毁掉, 损坏, 破坏, 糟蹋（某事物）: holidays spoilt by bad weather 因天气坏而使人扫兴的假期 * spoilt ballot papers, ie made invalid because the voters have not marked them properly 废选票（因划票不符规定而失效） * The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village. 新修的路彻底毁掉了那个村庄的特色. * The bad news has spoilt my day. 这坏消息把我这一天给毁了. * Don't spoil your appetite by eating sweets between meals. 不要在两顿饭之间吃糖果, 以免吃不下饭.  2 [Tn] (a) harm the character of (esp a child) by lack of discipline or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc 娇惯, 宠坏, 溺爱（尤指儿童）: That little girl is terribly spoilt  her parents give her everything she asks for. 那个小女孩真惯得不像话--父母对她是有求必应. (b) pay great or too much attention to the comfort and wishes of (sb); pamper 格外或过分关注（某人）的安适和愿望: Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠.  3 [I] (of food, etc) become bad or unfit to be used, eaten, etc （指食物等）变坏, 变质, 腐败: Some kinds of food soon spoil. 有些食物易变质.  4 (idm 习语) be spoiling for sth be very eager for (a fight, an argument, etc) 憋足了劲儿要（打架、 争吵等）: He's spoiling for trouble. 他憋足了劲儿要找麻烦. be spoilt for choice have so many possibilities to choose from that it is difficult to choose 因供选择的事物过多而无从下手. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2. too many cooks spoil the broth => cook n.
spoil 
n [U] = spoils.
spoilage 
/ 5spRIlIdV; `spRIlIdV/ n [U] spoiling of food, etc by decay （食物等的）变坏, 变质, 腐败.
spoiler 
n  1 person or thing that spoils 把事物搞坏的人或事物; 宠坏他人的人或事物; 造成（食物等）腐败的东西.  2 (a) device on an aircraft to slow it down by interrupting the flow of air 扰流器（飞行器的）. (b) similar device on a vehicle to prevent it being lifted off the road when travelling very fast 气流偏导器（车辆的）.
spoils 
n [U] (also spoils [pl])  1 (a) stolen goods 偷来的东西; 赃物: The thieves divided up the spoils. 窃贼把赃物分了. (b) things taken by a victorious army; plunder 战利品; 掠取之物.  2 profits, benefits, etc gained from political power 凭政治权力获取的利益等: the spoils of office 利用官职捞取的私利.
spoil-sport 
n person who spoils the enjoyment of others 扫人兴的人; 煞风景者: Don't be such a spoil-sport! 别这麽扫人兴!
spoils system 
(esp US) system by which important public positions are given to supporters of the political party that wins power 政党分肥制（获胜政党将重要公职委派给支持者的制度）.
spoke
/ spEUk; spok/ n  1 any of the bars or wire rods that connect the centre (hub) of a wheel to its outer edge (rim), eg on a bicycle 辐条. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.  2 (idm 习语) put a `spoke in sb's wheel (Brit) prevent sb from carrying out his plans 阻挠某人的计画.
spoke
pt of speak.
spoken
pp of speak.
spokeshave
/ 5spEUkFeIv; `spok9Fev/ n tool used for planing curved surfaces, esp of wood 辐刨.
spokesman
/ 5spEUksmEn; `spoksmEn/ n (pl -men /-mEn; -mEn/) (fem 阴性作 spokeswoman / 5spEUkswUmEn; `spoks9wJmEn/, pl -women / -wImIn; -wImIn/) person who speaks, or is chosen to speak, on behalf of a group 发言人. =>Usage at chair 用法见 chair.
spoliation
/ 9spEUlI5eIFn; 9spolI`eFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) activity of spoiling (spoil 1) or damaging, esp with force; pillaging or plundering 损坏, 破坏, 毁坏（尤指以武力进行者）; 掠夺; 抢劫.
spondee
/ 5spCndi:; `spBndi/ n metrical foot in poetry consisting of two long or stressed syllables 扬扬格（诗歌音步, 由两个长音节或重音节组成）. 
spondaic
/ spCn5deIIk; spBn`deIk/ adj.
sponge
/ spQndV; spQndV/ n  1 [C] type of simple sea animal with a light elastic body-structure full of holes that can absorb water easily 海绵.  2 [C, U] (part of) one of these, or a substance of similar texture, used for washing, cleaning or padding （用作清洗工具或衬垫物的）海绵, 海绵状物: a large bath sponge, ie for washing one's body in the bath 洗澡用的大块海绵 * filled with sponge 内填海绵的 * [attrib 作定语] sponge rubber 泡沫橡胶.  3 [C] piece of absorbent material, eg gauze, used in surgery （外科用的）吸水物（如纱布）.  4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] act of cleaning, wiping, etc with a sponge; sponging 用海绵或吸水物进行的清洗、 擦拭等: She gave the floor a vigorous sponge all over. 她用海绵把地板 使劲儿擦了一遍.  5 [C, U] = sponge-cake: Would you like some more sponge? 你再来点海绵蛋糕好吗?  6 (idm 习语) throw up the sponge (infml 口) admit that one is defeated 认输.
sponge 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/oneself/sth (down) wipe, wash or clean sb/oneself/sth with a sponge 用海绵或海绵状物擦拭或清洗某人[自己/某物]: sponge a wound 用海绵擦洗伤口 * He sponged down the car to remove the shampoo. 他用海绵把汽车上的洗涤剂擦掉了.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb) (infml 口) get (money, etc) from sb without giving or intending to give anything in return 白拿, 白得（钱等）; 揩油: sponge a dinner 白吃一顿 * sponge a fiver (ie 5) from an old friend 向老朋友揩油硬要五英镑.  3 (phr v) sponge sth off/out remove sth by sponging 用海绵等清除某物: sponge out a stain in the carpet 用海绵把地毯上的污迹擦掉. sponge on/off sb (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) live at another person's expense; get money, food, etc from sb without giving or intending to give anything in return 依赖他人为生; 当食客; 从某人那儿白得（钱、 食物等）; 揩油: He always sponges off others. 他总是揩别人的油. sponge sth up remove (liquid) with a sponge 用海绵等将（液体）吸掉.
sponger 
n person who sponges (sponge v 2) 依赖他人生活者; 寄生虫; 吃白食的人; 揩油者. 
sponging 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) = sponge n 4: give a child's face a good sponging 用海绵给孩子好好洗洗脸.
spongy 
adj (-ier, -iest) soft, elastic and able to absorb water like a sponge 海绵似的（柔软而有弹性和吸水性的）: spongy moss 湿软的苔藓. 
sponginess 
n [U].
sponge-bag 
n (Brit) waterproof bag for holding one's toothpaste, soap, toothbrush, etc, esp when one is travelling 盥洗用品袋（不透水, 尤用於旅行）.
sponge-cake 
n [C, U] soft light cake made with eggs, sugar and flour 海绵蛋糕.
sponge-pudding 
n [C, U] pudding like a sponge-cake 海绵布丁.
sponsor
/ 5spCnsE(r); `spBnsL/ n  1 person who makes himself responsible for another (eg sb who is training for sth) 担保人, 保人（如为求学者作担保者）.  2 godparent 教父; 教母.  3 person who puts forward or guarantees a proposal (eg for a new law) 发起者; 倡议者; 提案人; （建议的）保证人.  4 person or firm that pays for a radio or TV programme, or for a musical, artistic or sporting event, usu in order to use them for advertising 赞助人; 赞助公司; 广告客户.  5 person who pays money to charity in return for a specified activity by another person 向慈善事业捐款以换取他人的某项活动者.
sponsor 
v [Tn] act as a sponsor for (sb/sth) 担保或赞助（某人[某事物]）; 倡议（某事）: an athlete sponsored by a bank 由某银行资助的运动员 * a sponsored walk, ie one over a fixed distance for which the walkers arrange sponsorship beforehand in aid of charity 募捐性步行 * a government-sponsored cheap textbooks scheme 政府资助的提供廉价教科书的方案 * I'm doing a sponsored swim on Saturday  will you sponsor me? 星期六我要参加慈善游泳--您愿意出钱赞助吗?
sponsorship 
n [U]: We're very grateful for his sponsorship. 我们十分感激他慷慨资助.
spontaneous
/ spCn5teInIEs; spBn`tenIEs/ adj (a) done,happening, said, etc because of a voluntary impulse from within, not caused or suggested by sth/sb outside 自发的; 主动的; 自动的: a spontaneous offer of help 主动提供的帮助 * spontaneous applause 自发的鼓掌. (b) natural, not forced 自然的; 非勉强的: a spontaneous gaiety of manner 天真愉快的神态.
spontaneously 
adv.
spontaneousness (also spontaneity / 9spCntE5neIEtI;9spBntE`neEtI/) 
n [U] quality of being spontaneous 自发性; （举止等的）自然.
spontaneous combustion 
burning caused by chemical changes, etc inside the material, not by the application of fire from outside 自燃.
spoof
/ spu:f; spuf/ n (infml 口)  1 ~ (of/on sth) humorous imitation or parody 滑稽的模仿: [attrib 作定语] a spoof horror film 模拟恐怖片的滑稽影片.  2 trick; hoax 骗人的玩意儿; 鬼把戏.
spoof 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) trick or swindle (sb) 愚弄, 哄骗（某人）: You've been spoofed. 你上当了.
spook
/ spu:k; spuk/ n (infml usu joc 口, 通常作戏谑语) ghost 鬼: Are you afraid of spooks? 你怕不怕鬼?
spook 
v [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) frighten; scare 吓; 吓唬: Something in the bushes spooked her horse. 矮树林里有东西惊了她的马.
spooky 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) suggesting spooks; frightening 使人想到鬼的; 吓人的: a spooky old house 阴森森的老房子. 
spookiness 
n [U].
spool
/ spu:l; spul/ n  1 = reel1 1.  2 amount (of thread, etc) held on one of these （指线等）一轴上所绕的数量: How many spools of thread did you use? 你用了几轴线?
spoon
/ spu:n; spun/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词)  1 utensil with a shallow oval or round bowl on a handle, used for stirring, serving and taking up food (esp puddings and soups) to the mouth 杓; 匙子; 羹匙: a large wooden `spoon 大木杓 * a `tablespoon 大餐匙 * a `soup-spoon 汤匙 * a `teaspoon 茶匙.  2 amount this can hold; spoonful 一杓的量: Two spoons of sugar, please. 请放两匙糖.  3 (idm 习语) born with a silver spoon in one's mouth => born.
spoon 
v [Tn.pr, Tn.p]  1 lift and move (sth) with a spoon in the specified way or direction 用杓舀（某物）: spoon sugar from the packet into a bowl 把食糖从袋子中舀到糖罐里 * spoon up one's soup 用杓舀汤 * spoon out the peas 用匙子舀取豌豆.  2 ~ sth (up) hit (a ball) feebly upwards 轻轻向上击（球）.
spoonful 
/ -fUl; -9fJl/ n (pl -fuls) amount that a spoon can hold 一杓的量: a heaped spoonful of sugar 满满的一匙糖.
spoon-feed 
v (pt, pp -fed) [Tn] (a) feed (a baby, etc) with a spoon 用杓喂（小孩儿等）. (b) (fig esp derog 比喻, 尤作贬义) give (sb) too much help or teaching in a way that does not allow him to think for himself 给（某人）过多的帮助或指教（使其无法独立思考）: Some teachers spoon-feed their students. 有些教师教书如喂食, 使学生不会独立思考.
spoonerism
/ 5spu:nErIzEm; `spunE9rIzEm/ n (often humorous) result of changing round, esp accidentally, the initial sounds of two or more words when speaking, eg well-boiled icicle for well-oiled bicycle （常产生滑稽效果的）首音误置（如将 well-oiled bicycle 说成 well-boiled icicle）.
spoor
/ spR:(r); ?@ spUEr; spJr/ n [C] track or scent left by a wild animal (enabling it to be followed) （野生动物的）足迹, 臭迹.
sporadic
/ spE5rAdIk; spE`rAdIk/ adj happening or seen only occasionally or in a few places; occurring irregularly 偶发的; 偶见的; 仅在少数地方发生或见到的: sporadic showers 阵雨 * sporadic raids, gunfire, fighting 零星的袭击、 炮击、 战斗. 
sporadically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
spore
/ spR:(r); spRr/ n (botany 植) any of the tiny seed-like reproductive cells of some plants such as ferns, mosses and fungi 孢子: mushroom spores 蘑菇孢子.
sporran
/ 5spCrEn; `spBrEn/ n large pouch, usu made of leather or fur, that is worn by men in front of the kilt as part of the Scottish national dress （苏格兰男子系於短裙前的）毛皮袋.
sport
/ spR:t; spRrt/ n  1 [U] physical activity done, esp outdoors, for exercise and amusement, usu played in a special area and according to fixed rules 文体活动（尤指户外的）; 运动; 游戏: She plays a lot of sport. 她经常运动. * He's very fond of sport. 他非常喜欢文体活动.  2 (a) [C] particular form of such activity; particular game or pastime 文体活动; 某种游戏或消遣: team sports 队与队的竞赛 * Hockey, volleyball, football and tennis are all sports. 曲棍球、 排球、 足球、 网球都是体育项目. * Which sports do you like best? 你最喜欢哪些运动? * athletic sports, eg running, jumping 田径运动（如跑和跳） * country sports, eg hunting, fishing, shooting, horse-racing 乡间户外运动（如打猎、 钓鱼、 射击、 赛马） * [attrib 作定语] sports coverage on TV 电视上的体育新闻报道 * a sports programme 体育节目 * a `sports field 运动场. (b) [U] such activities or pastimes collectively 文体活动（总称）: the world of sport 体育界. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 sports [pl] meeting for athletic competitions 运动会: the school sports 学校运动会 * inter-university sports 大学校际运动会 * [attrib 作定语] a `sports day 运动会日.  4 [U] amusement; fun 娱乐; 消遣; 玩笑; 戏谑: do sth for sport 为取乐而做某事 * say sth in sport, ie not seriously 说著玩儿.  5 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) pleasant, cheerful and generous-minded person 随和、 开朗、 大度的人: Come on, be a sport! 好了, 随和点吧! * a good/bad sport, ie sb who behaves well/badly in sporting or similar activities 文体道德好[坏]的人.  6 [C] (infml esp Austral 口, 尤用於澳大利亚) (as a term of address 作称呼语) chap; fellow; friend 老兄; 哥儿们; 朋友: How are you doing, sport! 你好哇, 哥儿们!  7 [C] (biology 生) plant or animal that deviates in some unusual way from the normal type 变态的植物或动物.  8 (idm 习语) make sport of sb (fml 文) mock or joke about sb 嘲笑某人; 开某人的玩笑.
sport 
v  1 [Tn] have or wear (sth) proudly for othersto see 夸示（某物）; 炫耀地穿戴（某物）: sport a moustache,a diamond ring, a flower in one's buttonhole 神气地蓄著小胡子、 戴著钻石戒指、 在钮扣眼中插著花.  2 [I, Ip] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) play about; amuse oneself; have fun 玩耍; 嬉戏: seals sporting (about/around) in the water 在水中嬉戏的海豹.
sporty 
adj (infml 口)  1 fond of or good at sport 爱好或擅长文体活动的: She's very sporty. 她非常爱好文体活动.  2 attractive and dashing 漂亮而时髦的: a sporty new pullover 漂亮的套头毛衣. 
sportily 
adv. 
sportiness 
n [U].
sports car 
low (usu open) car designed for travelling at high speeds 跑车（车身较低, 通常为敞篷的汽车）.
sportscast 
n (US) TV or radio broadcast of sports news or a sports event （电视台或电台的）体育节目广播. `sportscaster n (US) person who introduces or commentates on such a programme （电视台或电台的）体育节目的播音员、 主持人或解说员.
sports-editor 
n newspaper editor responsible for reports of sports and games （报纸的）体育新闻编辑.
sports jacket 
(Brit) man's jacket for informal wear (not part of a suit) （男子作便服的）外套. =>illus at jacket 见 jacket 插图.
sportsman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (fem 阴性作 `sportswoman / -wUmEn; -9wJmEn/, pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/)  1 person who takes part in or is fond of sport 运动员; 爱好运动的人.  2 person who plays sport fairly, is willing to take risks, and doesn't become upset or bad-tempered if he loses 有文体道德的人. 
sportsmanlike 
adj behaving fairly and generously 公正大度的: a sportsmanlike attitude, gesture 高姿态、 风格高的做法. 
sportsmanship 
n [U] sportsmanlike quality or spirit 公正大度的品质或精神.
sports writer 
person (esp a journalist) who writes about sport 体育文章的作者; （尤指）体育记者.
sport
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Sport plays a big part in many people's lives. 文体活动（sport）是许多人生活中的重要内容. At school children can play football, netball and other sports and there are clubs for playing indoor games such as chess or snooker. 在学校里, 学生可以参加足球、 无挡板篮球以及其他体育运动（sports）, 也可以加入国际象棋、 落袋台球等各种室内文娱（games）社团. After work, a lot of people enjoy a game of tennis or squash. 许多人工余喜欢打网球或壁球. On TV we can watch tennis and football matches throughout the year and horse races are broadcast almost every day. 人们整年都可以通过电视观看网球和足球比赛（matches）, 赛马（races）节目则几乎每天都有. Events in which people compete against each other, often for prizes, are competitions or contests 具比赛性质的、 常设有锦标的运动称作competitions或contests: a dancing competition 舞蹈比赛 *  an archery, angling, etc contest 射箭、 钓鱼等比赛. A tournament or championship is a series of contests *tournament或championship指的是联赛或锦标赛: a tennis tournament 网球联赛 *  the European Football Championship 欧洲足球锦标赛.
sporting
/ 5spR:tIN; `spRrtIN/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] connected with or interested in sport 娱乐的; 运动的; 爱好文体活动的: a sporting occasion 一项体育活动 * a sporting man 爱好运动的男子.  2 showing fairness; generous; sportsmanlike 公正的; 大度的; 风格高的: It's very sporting of you to give me an initial advantage. 你开局先让我一步, 真是够大方的. * He made me a sporting offer, ie one that involved some risk of his losing. 他甘愿自己冒风险, 大方地向我开了一个价.  3 (idm 习语) a sporting `chance a reasonable chance of being successful 公平的机会: give sb a sporting chance 给某人一个公平的机会 * We've still got a sporting chance of winning. 我们获胜的可能性还是有的.
sportive
/ 5spR:tIv; `spRrtIv/ adj playful 爱玩耍的; 顽皮的; 闹著玩儿的. 
sportively 
adv. 
sportiveness 
n [U].
spot
/ spCt; spBt/ n  1 small (usu round) mark different in colour, texture, etc from the surface it is on 斑点（通常指圆的）: a white skirt with red spots 白底红点儿的裙子 * Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger? 豹跟虎哪一个身上有斑点?  2 roundish mark or stain 圆形的斑点或污迹: spots of mud on your trousers 你裤子上的泥斑.  3 small red mark or blemish on the skin, caused by illness, etc; pimple （皮肤上由於疾病而起的）红斑, 红疙瘩; 丘疹: a teenage boy worried about his spots, ie acne 因出粉刺而烦恼的十几岁的男青年 * She had chicken-pox and was covered in spots. 她得了水痘, 出了一身丘疹.  4 (a) particular place or area 地点; 场所: a nice picnic spot/spot for a picnic 野餐的好去处 * a well-known beauty spot, ie a place well-known for its natural beauty 风景胜地 * stand rooted to the spot, ie not moving 站在原处不动 * This is the (very) spot where he was murdered. 他就是在这儿遭谋杀的. * There are several weak spots in your argument. 你的论点中有几处经不起推敲. (b) (infml 口) place of entertainment 娱乐场所: a popular night spot 很受欢迎的夜总会.  5 drop 滴: Did you feel a few spots of rain? 下了几滴雨, 你感觉到了吗?  6 place for an individual item of entertainment, esp a short regular one, in a television, radio or theatre show （插入电视、 电台或戏院节目中的）节目档（尤指短小、 固定的）: a ten-minute guest spot on a radio programme 电台某节目中的十分钟特约贵宾固定栏目 * She has a regular cabaret spot at a local night-club. 她在当地一家夜总会有她固定的歌舞节目档.  7 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ of sth (Brit infml 口) small amount of sth 少量的某事物: Are you ready for a spot of lunch? 你想吃点儿午饭吗? * What about doing a spot of work? 做点儿事怎麽样? * You seem to be having a spot of bother with your car  can I help? 看来你的汽车有点让你伤脑筋了--要我帮忙吗?  8 (fig 比喻) flaw in a person's character; moral blemish 性格上的缺陷; 品行上的污点: There isn't a spot on her reputation. 她的声誉没有半点瑕疵.  9 (infml 口) = spotlight.  10 (US infml 口) playing-card or banknote of a particular (specified) value 某点数的纸牌; 某票面的钞票: He passed me a ten spot. 他出给了我一张十点的牌.  11 (idm 习语) change one's spots => change1. have a soft spot for sb/sth => soft. a hot spot => hot. in a (tight) `spot (infml 口) in a difficult position or situation 处在困难的地位或环境中: I'm in a bit of a spot financially. 我经济上有点困难. knock spots off sb/sth => knock2. on the `spot (a) immediately; without moving from that place; then and there 立即; 当场: He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot. 一棵树倒下来, 把他当场砸死了. (b) at the place where an event happened (esp when one is needed) 在现场, 到现场（尤指能提供帮助的人）: The police were on the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call. 我打电话几分钟後警察就赶到了现场. * Luckily there was a doctor on the spot. 幸亏当时有位医生在场. put sb on the `spot put a person in a difficult position; force sb to take action or justify himself 置某人於困境; 使某人为难; 迫使某人采取行动或进行辩解: You've put me on the spot here  I can't answer your question. 这你可把我难住了--你这个问题我答不上来.
spot 
v (-tt-)  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (cause sth to) become marked with a spot or spots （使某事物）有斑点或污点: material that spots easily 容易沾上污斑的料子 * a tablespotted with ink 墨迹斑斑的桌子.  2 [Tn, Tw, Tng, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) pick out (one person or thing from many); catch sight of; recognize; discover （从许多人或事物中）找出, 辨出, 认出（某人或某事物）; 瞥见; 发觉: He finally spotted just the shirt he wanted. 他最後找到了他想要的衬衫. * She spotted her friend in the crowd. 她在人群中认出了她的朋友. * I can't spot the difference between them. 我看不出两者的区别. * Can you spot the flaw in their argument? 你能指出他们论点中的谬误吗? * spot the winner of a race, ie pick out the winner before the race starts 预先料到赛跑的获胜者 * I soon spotted what to do. 我很快就知道该怎麽办了. * He was spotted by police boarding a plane for Paris. 他登上飞往巴黎的飞机时被警方认出. * She has been spotted as a likely tennis star of the future. 她很有希望成为网球明星.  3 [I, Ipr] (Brit infml 口) (used with it 与it连用) rain slightly; spit 下小雨: It's beginning to spot. 开始下小雨了. * It's spotting with rain. 正在下小雨. spotted adj marked or covered with spots 有斑点的; 满是斑点的: a spotted dog 身上有花斑的狗 * a spotted dress 带花点儿的连衣裙. spotted `dick (Brit) suet pudding containing currants 葡萄乾板油布丁.
spotter 
n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who looks for and writes down details of a specified type of thing or person, as a hobby or job 寻找某事物或某人并作记录的人（作为嗜好或职业）: an `aircraft spotter, ie one who looks for and identifies different types of aircraft, esp in wartime 飞机观察员（寻找并辨认各类飞机的人, 尤指战时） * a `talent-spotter, ie an agent who visits clubs, theatres, etc looking for new acts 星探（到俱乐部、 剧院等处发掘新秀的人） * He's an avid `train-spotter. 他特别喜欢观察火车. * [attrib 作定语] a spotter plane, ie one used for observing enemy manoeuvres 侦察机.
spotless 
adj  1 very clean and tidy 极清洁的: He keeps his house spotless. 他把家里收拾得很整洁.  2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) free from flaws; morally pure 无瑕疵的; 道德上纯洁的: a spotless reputation 清白的名声. 
spotlessly
adv. 
spotlessness 
n [U].
spotty 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a person) having spots (spot 3), esp on the face （指人）长斑点的（尤指脸上）: spotty youths 满脸粉刺的青少年 * a spotty complexion 带斑点的脸.  2 marked with spots (spot 2); spotted 带斑点的; 有污迹的: a spotty table-cloth 有污迹的桌布.
spot cash 
(commerce 商) money paid immediately for goods when they are bought （购物时付的）现金.
spot check 
check made suddenly and without warning on a person or thing chosen at random 突击抽查; 抽样检查: The campaign against drinking and driving will include spot checks on motorists. 在禁止酒後开车这一行动中要对司机突击检查.
spot welding 
welding of small areas of metal that are in contact 点焊.
spot-on 
adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) exactly right; accurate 一点不错; 对极了; 准确: His assessment of the situation was spot-on. 他对形势判断得很正确. * Your budget figures were spot-on this year. 你做的本年度预算数字十分准确.
spotlight
/ 5spCtlaIt; `spBt9laIt/ n  1 (also spot) [C] (lamp used for sending a) strong beam of light directed onto a particular place or person, eg on the stage of a theatre 聚光灯（的光）（如舞台上的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.  2 the spotlight [sing] (fig 比喻) full attention or publicity 大家的注意: a sportsman who likes to be in the spotlight 爱出风头的运动员 * This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion. 本周引人瞩目的是时装界.
spotlight 
v (pt, pp spotlit / -lIt; -9lIt/ or, esp in sense 2, spotlighted 亦作spotlighted, 尤用於下述第2义) [Tn]  1 direct a spotlight onto (sb/sth) 将聚光灯射向（某人[某物]）: a spotlit stage 有聚光照明的舞台.  2 (fig 比喻) draw attention to (sth); make conspicuous or obvious 使注意（某事物）; 使突出或显眼: The report has spotlighted real deprivation in the inner cities. 这篇报道披露了旧城区的贫困真相.
spouse
/ spaUz; ?@ spaUs; spaJs/ n (arch or law or joc 古或律或谑) husband or wife 配偶.
spout
/ spaUt; spaJt/ n [C]  1 projecting pipe or tube through or from which liquid pours, eg for carrying rain-water from a roof or tea from a teapot 供液体流出的凸起管状物（如落水管或茶壶嘴）: The spout is chipped so it doesn't pour very well. 这壶嘴儿有个豁口, 倒起来不方便.  2 jet of liquid coming out with great force （喷出的）液体流, 液体柱.  3 (idm 习语) up the `spout (a) (infml 口) in a hopeless condition; broken, ruined, defeated, etc 没指望; 毁坏; 完蛋: My holiday plans are completely up the spout. 我的假期计画全吹了. (b) (sl derog 俚, 贬) pregnant 怀孕.
spout 
v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out of/from sth)/(out/up) (of a liquid) come out with great force （指液体）喷出, 涌出: blood spouting from a severed artery 动脉割断後喷出的鲜血 * water spouting (out) from a broken water-pipe 从破裂的水管中喷出的水. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) send out (a liquid) with great force 喷出, 涌出（液体）: a broken pipe spouting (out) water 喷（出）水的坏管子 * The wound spouted blood. 伤口涌出血来. (c) [I] (of whales) send a jet of water up through a hole in the head （指鲸）喷水.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) recite (poetry, etc) or speak lengthily and loudly 没完没了地大声吟诵（诗歌等）或说话: Children dislike being spouted at by pompous teachers. 学生不喜欢听自命不凡的教师对他们夸夸其谈. * spouting unwanted advice 罗罗嗦嗦地说出没人想听的建议 * He can spout Shakespeare for hours. 他能滔滔不绝地朗朗背诵莎士比亚的作品.
sprain
/ spreIn; spren/ v [Tn] injure (a joint in the body, esp a wrist or an ankle) by sudden twisting or wrenching so that there is pain and swelling 扭伤（关节, 尤指腕和踝）: sprain one's wrist 扭伤手腕 * suffering from a sprained ankle 踝部扭伤.
sprain 
n injury caused in this way 扭伤: a bad sprain 严重的扭伤.
sprang
pt of spring3.
sprat
/ sprAt; sprAt/ n  1 small edible European sea-fish of the herring family 西鲱（欧洲产的可食小海鱼）.  2 (idm 习语) a ,sprat to catch a `mackerel (saying 谚) relatively small or unimportant thing that is offered or sacrificed in the hope of getting sth much bigger or better 用小鱼钓大鱼; 吃小亏占大便宜.
sprawl
/ sprR:l; sprRl/ v (esp derog 尤作贬义)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out/about/around) (across, in, on, etc sth) sit, lie or fall with the arms and legs spread out loosely 四肢摊开著坐、 卧或倒下: He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的单座沙发上. * be sent sprawling in the mud 被打倒在污泥中 * sprawling about on the sofa 手脚摊开著躺在沙发上. (b) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] spread (oneself or one's limbs) out loosely in this way 伸展（身体或四肢）: They were sprawled out in front of the fire. 他们摊开手脚烤著火.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] spread out loosely and irregularly over much space 散乱地延伸: sprawling handwriting 潦草的字迹 * suburbs that sprawl out into the countryside 向野外散乱延展的市郊.
sprawl 
n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] (esp derog 尤作贬义)  1 sprawling position or movement 四肢伸开的姿势或动作: pick one's way through the sprawl of people sunbathing 小心翼翼地穿过伸开四肢晒太阳的人群 * He lay in a sprawl over the desk. 他手脚摊开趴在书桌上.  2 widespread untidy area, esp of buildings 杂乱的大片地方（尤指建筑物）: London's suburban sprawl 伦敦郊外无计画扩展的地区.
spray
/ spreI; spre/ n  1 (a) small branch of a tree or plant, with its leaves and flowers （树或花草的）小枝（带叶和花的）. (b) artificial ornament in a similar form （人 造的）枝状花饰: a spray of diamonds 镶钻石的枝状饰物.  2 bunch of cut flowers, etc arranged attractively, eg as a decoration on clothes 小花簇（如用作衣服上的饰物）: He had a spray in his buttonhole. 他的钮孔中插著一簇花. * She carried a spray of pink roses. 她拿著一簇粉红色的玫瑰花.
spray
/ spreI; spre/ n  1 [U] liquid sent through the air in tiny drops (by the wind or through an apparatus) 雾状液体（藉风力或喷洒装置形成的）; 水花; 浪花: `sea spray, ie blown from waves 大海的浪花 * the spray of a waterfall 瀑布的水花.  2 (a) [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) liquid (eg perfume, disinfectant, insecticide) applied in the form of spray from a special device (eg an atomizer or aerosol) under pressure 喷雾液体（如香水、 消毒剂、 杀虫剂）: `hair spray 喷发定型剂 * `fly-spray 灭蝇喷剂 * [attrib 作定语] spray paint 喷雾颜料. (b) [C] device (eg an atomizer or aerosol) used for applying such a liquid in this form 喷雾器（如外压式的或内压式的）: I've lost my throat spray. 我的润喉剂喷筒丢了. =>illus 见插图.
spray 
v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/over sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) send out (liquid) onto sb/sth in tiny drops; wet sb/sth with liquid in this way 向某人[某物]喷雾状的（液体）: spraying paint on her car 给她的汽车喷上漆 * a farmer spraying his crops with pesticide 给作物喷杀虫剂的农夫 * (fig 比喻) spray the target with bullets 向目标扫射.  2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (over, across, etc sb/sth) (of a liquid) be sent out in tiny drops （指液体）喷出（呈雾状）: Water sprayed out over the floor. 水喷洒在地上. sprayer n (a) person who sprays (usu as part of a job) 喷雾者（通常指职业性的）: He's a paint sprayer in the local factory. 他在当地工厂当喷漆工. (b) apparatus for spraying 喷雾器; 喷漆器; 喷洒器: a crop sprayer 作物喷雾器.
spray-gun 
n device using pressure to spray paint, etc over surfaces 喷枪.
spary
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare spray, shower, spatter, splatter, splash and slosh. 试比较spray、 shower、 spatter、 splatter、 splash、 slosh的用法. These verbs indicate the spreading of liquid or powder in a variety of ways. 这些动词表示以不同方式喷洒液体或粉末. We spray small drops of paint, perfume, chemicals, etc, usually with an aerosol or a spray-gun, in order to cover an area completely *spray用以指喷洒颜料、 香水、 化学制品等藉以完全遮住某处, 通常用内压式喷雾器或喷枪操作: I had to get my car resprayed after the accident. 出了事故以後, 我只好把汽车重新喷了一次漆. Shower usually suggests people being coveredwith drops of water, dust, etc by accident or against their will *shower通常指人意外地或无法防备地被洒上水滴、 尘土等: The shoppers were showered with broken glass from the explosion. 炸碎的玻璃劈头盖脸地落到购物顾客的身上. Spatter suggests larger amounts of paint, mud, blood, etc being thrown at somebody and making him or her dirty *spatter指较多的颜料、 泥、 血等溅到某人身上造成污斑: The bus spattered them with mud as it passed in the rain. 公共汽车在雨中驶过, 溅了他们一身泥. Eggs, etc are splattered over the floor when they are dropped or thrown. 鸡蛋等掉在或摔在地上为splatter. *We splash liquids when we spill them accidentally 不慎洒出液体为splash: Don't let the acid splash on your hand. 别让酸液溅到手上. We slosh large quantities of paint, water, etc by throwing it around carelessly 乱甩颜料、 水等为slosh: He sloshed the paint on without bothering to catch the drips. 他把油漆胡乱往上一甩, 连滴下来的也懒得抹一抹.
spread
/ spred; sprZd/ v (pt, pp spread)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (on/over sth) extend the surface area, width or length of sth by unfolding or unrolling it 展开; 铺开; 摊开: The bird spread (out) its wings. 那只鸟张开了翅膀. * spread a cloth on the table 把桌布铺在桌子上 * spread out one's arms, eg to welcome or embrace sb 张开两臂（如欢迎或拥抱某人） * spread the map out on the floor 在地板上摊开地图. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth cover sth with sth by doing this 将某物铺於某物上: spread a table with a cloth 把桌布铺在桌子上.  2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ A on B put (a substance) on (a surface) and extend its area by flattening, etc; apply sth as a layer on sth 在（某物表面）上涂（某物）; 敷: spread butter on bread 把黄油涂在面包上 * spread glue on paper 把胶水涂在纸上. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ B with A cover (a surface) with (a substance) by doing this 将（某物）涂在（某物表面）上: spread bread with butter 把黄油涂在面包上. (c) [I] be able to be spread in this way; be applied in a layer 能涂敷; 被涂开: Butter spreads more easily when it's softer. 黄油软一些就容易涂抹. * margarine that spreads straight from the fridge, ie does not go hard when cold 从冰箱中取出便可涂开的人造黄油.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (a) (cause sth to) become (more) widely known, felt or suffered （使某事物）传播, 流传, 蔓延: The disease is spreading fast. 这种病正在迅速蔓延. * Fear spread quickly through the village. 全村不多久便人心惶惶了. * The strike has already spread to other factories. 这次罢工已在其他工厂产生连锁反应. * The water spread over the floor. 水流了一地. * Flies spread disease. 苍蝇能传播疾病. * He spread the news around the town. 他在镇上到处传播这一消息. (b) (cause sth to) become distributed （使某事物）散布, 散开: Settlers soon spread inland. 移居到发展中地区的人不久就迁徙到内地了.  4 [I, Ipr] extend in size, area, etc 扩大; 伸展; 扩展: a desert spreading for hundreds of miles 绵延上百英里的沙漠 * The forest spreads as far as the river. 这片森林一直延伸到河边.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (over sth) distribute sth over a period of time 将某事物分散於某段时间内: spread the payments over three months 分三个月付清 * a course of studies spread over three years 为期三年的课程.  6 [usupassive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)prepare (a table) for a meal 在（餐桌）上摆上饭菜: The table was spread with cakes and sandwiches. 桌上摆好了糕饼和三明治.  7 (idm 习语) spread like `wildfire (esp of rumours, reports, disease) travel, spread, etc very fast （尤指谣言、 传闻、 疾病）飞速地传开、 蔓延等: The news spread like wildfire. 这消息不胫而走. spread one's `net prepare to catch sb or get sb in one's power or influence 布下罗网（以捉住某人或迫使某人就范）. `spread oneself (a) occupy much space (eg by lying out with limbs extended) 占用很多地方（如四肢摊开躺著）: Since there was no one else in the compartment I was able to spread myself. 车厢间隔里没有别人, 我正好能伸胳膊伸腿舒坦一下. (b) talk or write at length (on a subject) （就某主题）滔滔不绝地说或长篇大论地写. (c) spend or provide things generously 大方地花费或提供物品. spread one's `wings (have confidence to) extend one's activities and interests （有信心去）扩展活动和爱好: We hope college life will help him to spread his wings a bit. 我们希望大学生活有助於他扩展兴趣爱好.  8 (phr v) spread (sb/oneself) out move (sb/oneself) away from others in a group so as to cover a wider area 使（某人[自己]）离开其他人或散开: The search party spread out over the moor. 搜索队在荒草地分散行动. * Don't all sit together, spread yourselves out. 别都挤在一块儿, 分开坐吧.
spread 
n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) extent, width or expanse of sth 范围; 宽度; 宽阔度: the spread of a bird's wings 鸟的翼展 * The survey revealed a wide spread of opinion. 调查结果表明各种意见差别很大. (b) extent of space or time; stretch （空间的）范围; 连续的一段时间: a spread of 100 years  100年的时间.  2 [U] process or activity of spreading (spread 3) or being spread; extension; diffusion 传播; 散布; 蔓延; 扩散: the spread of disease, knowledge, education 疾病的蔓延、 知识的传播、 教育的普及 * the spread of crime 犯罪活动的蔓延.  3 [C] newspaper or magazine article, advertisement, etc, esp one covering more than one printed column 报刊文 章或广告等（尤指跨栏的）: a double-page spread 横贯两版篇幅的文章.  4 [C] (infml 口) (usu large) meal spread out on a table （通常指丰盛的）一桌饭菜: What a spread! 多丰盛的饭菜呀!  5 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (a) [C] thing that is spread(1b), esp a cloth for covering sth 铺开之物; （尤指）用以铺盖某物的布: a `bedspread 床单. (b) [C, U] expansion 扩展: (joc 谑) middle-aged spread, ie increased size around the waist in middle age 中年发福（即腰围增大）.  6 [U, C] sweet or savoury paste spread on bread, etc （涂抹面包等的）美味酱: chocolate spread 巧克力酱 * cheese spreads 乾酪酱.
spread eagle 
figure of an eagle with legs and wings extended, as an emblem on coins, etc 张足展翼的鹰像（如硬币上的）. 
spread-eagle 
v [Tn] place (sb) in a position with the arms and legs spread out 使（某人）呈四肢张开状: Sunbathers lay spread-eagled on the grass. 做日光浴的人呈大字形躺在草地上. * The blow spread-eagled him against the wall. 那一记把他打得张开四肢撞到了墙上.
spreadsheet
/ 5spredFi:t; `sprZd9Fit/ n (computing 计) program for displaying and manipulating rows of figures,used esp for accounting; display or print-out produced by this 空白表格程序（尤用於会计）; （以这一程序显示或印出的）空白表格.
spree
/ spri:; spri/ n (infml 口) lively and enjoyable outing, usu with much spending of money 外出作乐, 游乐（通常指花很多钱的）: have a spree 痛痛快快地出去乐一乐 * a spending/buying/shopping spree 大买特买 * go out on a spree, ie go out to enjoy a spree 出去狂欢一番.
sprig
/ sprIg; sprI^/ n ~ (of sth) small twig (of a plant or bush) with leaves, etc （有叶等的）小枝: a sprig of holly, parsley, heather, etc 一根冬青、 欧芹、 石南等的小枝 * a sprig of mistletoe for Christmas 作圣诞节装饰用的　寄生小枝.
sprightly
/ 5spraItlI; `spraItlI/ adj (-ier, -iest) lively and full of energy 活泼的; 精力充沛的: He's surprisingly sprightly for an old man. 他这把年纪了, 还这麽精神, 真了不起. 
sprightliness 
n [U].
spring
/ sprIN; sprIN/ n  1 [C] act of springing or jumping up; jump 跳; 跳跃: With an easy spring the cat reached the branch. 那猫轻轻一跃就够到了树枝.  2 [C] (place where there is) water coming up naturally from the ground; flow of this 泉; 泉水; 有泉水处; 泉水的流淌: a `hot spring 温泉 * a `mineral spring 矿泉 * [attrib 作定语] spring water 泉水.  3 [C] device of twisted, bent or coiled metal or wire that can be pushed, pulled or pressed but tends to return to its original shape or position when released (used to drive clockwork, make seats more comfortable, etc) 弹簧; 发条: a watch spring 表的发条 * the springs in an armchair 单座沙发内的弹簧 * [attrib 作定语] a spring-`mattress, ie one containing spiral springs in a rigid frame 弹簧床垫 * Don't bounce on the bed  you'll break the springs! 别在床上乱蹦--你要把弹簧弄断了! =>illus 见插图.  4 [U, sing] (a) elastic quality; elasticity 弹性; 弹力: an old trampoline that has lost some of its spring 失去一些弹性的旧蹦床. (b) (fig 比喻) lively, healthy quality 活力: walk with a spring in one's step/heels 脚步轻快地行走.
springy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 that can return to its original shape easily after being pushed, pulled, stretched, etc; elastic 有弹性的; 有弹力的: a springy bed 有弹性的床 * The turf felt springy under their feet. 他们走在草皮上, 觉得很松软.  2 having (a) spring1(4b) 有活力的; 轻快的: a youthful springy step 富有青春活力的、 轻快的脚步. 
springiness 
n [U].
spring balance 
device that measures weight by the tension of a spring 弹簧秤.
springboard 
n  1 strong flexible board from which a person can jump high before diving or performing a gymnastic feat （跳水运动的）跳板; （体操运动的）踏跳板.  2 ~ (to/for sth) (fig 比喻) starting point that gives impetus to a future activity 发展事业的起点: The college debating society was a natural springboard for her career in politics. 大学里的辩论社自然成了她从政的垫脚石.
spring-tide 
n tide with the greatest rise or fall, occurring soon after the new and full moon each month 大潮（朔望时潮差最大的潮汐）. Cf 参看 neap-tide (neap).
spring
/ sprIN; sprIN/ n  1 [U, C] the first season of the year (in which plants begin to grow), coming between winter and summer, ie from March to May in the northern hemisphere 春季; 春天: [attrib 作定语] spring flowers, weather 春季的花、 天气 * In (the) spring leaves begin to grow on the trees. 树木在春天开始长出叶子.  2 (idm 习语) full of the joys of spring => full.
spring chicken  
1 young chicken for eating 笋鸡.  2 (fig joc 比喻, 谑) young person 年轻人: She's no spring chicken, is she? 她已经不是黄毛丫头了, 对吧?
spring-clean 
v [Tn] clean (a house, room, etc) thoroughly 彻底打扫（房屋等）; 对...进行大扫除. 
spring-clean (also esp US ,spring-cleaning) 
n (usu sing 通常作单数): give the place a good spring-clean(ing) 把这地方好好打扫一下.
spring greens 
(Brit) tender young cabbage cooked and eaten as a vegetable 嫩洋白菜.
spring onion 
(US scallion) small young onion with a thin white bulb and green stem, usu eaten raw 春葱.
springtide 
n [U] (arch 古) = springtime.
springtime 
n [U] season of spring 春季; 春天: The blossom on the trees looks lovely in (the) springtime. 春天里树上开的花很漂亮.
spring
/ sprIN; sprIN/ v (pt sprang / sprN; sprAN/, pp sprung / sprQN; sprQN/)  1 [Ipr, Ip] jump quickly or suddenly, esp from the ground in a single movement; move suddenly (eg from a hiding-place or a position of relaxation) 蹦; 跃起; 跳出; 突然活动（如从隐藏处或松弛状态）: spring out of bed, into action, to one's feet 一跃下床、 立即投入行动、 突然站起 * A cat sprang out of the bushes. 灌木丛中窜出一只猫来. * sprang (up) from his seat （他）从座位上一跃而起 * He sprang forward to help me. 他纵身上前帮我一把. =>Usage at jump2 用法见jump2.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) operate by means of a mechanism （使某物）藉机械装置操作: spring a mine, ie cause it to explode 触雷 * spring a trap, ie cause it to close suddenly 触发捕捉器 * The box sprang open. 盒子弹开了.  3 [Tn] (a) (infml 口) help (a prisoner, etc) to escape 帮助（囚犯等）逃跑: spring a convict from gaol 帮囚犯越狱. (b) cause (an animal) to leave a hiding-place 使（动物）离开躲藏处.  4 (idm 习语) come/spring tomind => mind1. spring a `leak (of a boat, ship, container,etc) develop a hole so that water enters or leaks out （指船、 容器等）破裂漏水. spring to `life suddenly become active 突然活跃起来: On hearing his name called the sleeping dog sprang to life. 那狗正在睡觉, 听到有人唤它, 猛地惊醒过来.  5 (phr v) spring back return suddenly to its previous or usual position, having been pushed, bent, etc （被推、 折弯等後）弹回到原来的位置: The branch sprang back and hit me in the face. 树枝弹回来打在我脸上. spring from sth/... (a) have sth as a source or origin; originate from sth 发源於某事物; 来自某事物; 出身於: He sprang from peasant stock. 他是农民出身. * Hatred often springs from fear. 仇恨常常源於恐惧. (b) (infml 口) appear suddenly or unexpectedly from (a place) 从（某处）突然地或意外地出现: Where on earth did you spring from? 你是打哪儿冒出来的? spring sth on sb (infml 口) present, introduce or propose sth suddenly to sb as a surprise or without warning 向某人突然说出或提出某事物（令人惊奇或猝不及防）: spring bad news on sb 单刀直入把坏消息告诉某人 * spring a surprise on sb 使某人感到惊奇 * I hate to spring this on you at such short notice. 很抱歉, 向你突如其来提出这件事. spring up appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly 迅速地或突然地出现、 发展、 生 长等: weeds springing up everywhere 很快长得到处都是的杂草 * A breeze sprang up as we were returning. 我们回来时突然起了一阵轻风. * New houses were springing up all over the town. 全镇各处很快盖起了新房子. * Doubts have begun to spring up in my mind. 我突然起了疑心.
springbok
/ 5sprINbCk; `sprIN9bBk/ n small S African gazelle that can jump high into the air 跳羚（非洲南部的小羚羊, 善跳）.
sprinkle
/ 5sprINkl; `sprINkl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on/onto/over B); ~ B (with A) scatter or throw sth in small drops or particles; scatter a shower of small drops, etc on (a surface) 撒某物; 将某物洒在（另一物的表面）上: sprinkle water on a dusty path/sprinkle a dusty path with water 把水洒在尘土飞扬的小路上 * sprinkle pepper on one's food 把胡椒洒在食物上. =>Usage at scatter 用法见 scatter.
sprinkle 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) sprinkling 少量; 少数: a sprinkle of sand 一点沙子.
sprinkler 
/ 5sprINklE(r); `sprINklL/ n device for sprinkling water (eg on a lawn) or as part of a fire-extinguishing system installed in a building 洒水装置; 洒水器; 消防喷嘴: [attrib 作定语] a `sprinkler system, ie set of sprinklers in a building that operate automatically when there is a rise in temperature caused by a fire 自动喷洒灭火设备. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.
sprinkling 
/ 5sprINklIN; `sprINklIN/ n ~ (of sth/sb) (usu sing 通常作单数) small amount or number 少量; 少数: a sprinkling of rain 小雨 * a sprinkling of hooligans in the crowd 夹在人群中的一小撮小流氓.
sprint
/ sprInt; sprInt/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] run a short distance at full speed 短距离全速奔跑: He had to sprint to catch the bus. 他得猛跑一阵才能赶上公共汽车. * He sprinted past the other runners just before reaching the tape. 他在到达终点之前全速冲刺, 超越了其他赛跑者. * She sprinted off/away into the distance. 她飞快地跑了. * She sprinted the length of the road. 她全速跑完了那条路的全长. =>Usage at run1 用法见 run1.
sprint 
n  1 run of this type 短距离的全速奔跑; 短跑: a 100m sprint 100米短跑.  2 similar burst of speed in swimming, cycling, etc （游泳、 自行车运动等的）冲刺.
sprinter 
n person who sprints 短距离全速奔跑者; 短跑者; 短跑运动员: I'm a long-distance runner, not a sprinter. 我是长跑运动员, 不是短跑运动员.
sprite
/ spraIt; spraIt/ n fairy, elf or goblin 小仙子; 小精灵; 小妖精; 小妖怪.
sprocket
/ 5sprCkIt; `sprBkIt/ n  1 each of several teeth on a wheel that connect with the links of a chain or the holes in a film or in paper or magnetic tape 链轮齿.  2 (also `sprocket-wheel) such a wheel, eg on a bicycle 链轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.
sprout
/ spraUt; spraJt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out/up) (from sth) begin to grow or appear; put out leaves, shoots, etc 长出来; 出现; 发芽; 萌芽: We can't use these potatoes; they've all sprouted. 这些土豆儿不能吃了, 都出芽了. * new buds sprouting on the trees 树上长出的新芽 * The onions are beginning to sprout (up). 洋葱正在抽芽. * Abundant hair sprouted from his broad chest. 他宽阔的胸膛上长出许多毛.  2 [Tn] develop or produce (sth) 生出, 产生（某物）: When do deer first sprout horns? 鹿在多大的时候开始生角? * Tom has sprouted a beard since we saw him last. 汤姆长胡子了, 我们上次见到他时还没长呢.
sprout 
n  1 new shoot or bud of a plant 苗; 芽; 嫩枝: bean sprouts 豆芽.  2 = Brussels sprout (Brussels).
spruce
/ spru:s; sprus/ adj tidy and clean in appearance; smart 外表整洁的; 漂亮的.
spruce 
v (phr v) spruce (oneself/sb) up make(oneself/sb) tidy and clean; smarten up 使（自己[某人]）整洁; 打扮: He spruced (himself) up for the interview. 他打扮了一下去参加面试. * They were all spruced up for the party. 他们都打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加聚会.
sprucely 
adv.
spruceness 
n [U].
spruce
/ spru:s; sprus/ n (a) [C] type of fir tree with dense foliage 云杉. (b) [U] its soft wood, used in paper-making 云杉木（质软, 用於造纸）.
sprung
/ sprQN; sprQN/ pp of spring3.
sprung
/ sprQN; sprQN/ adj fitted with springs (spring1 3)装有弹簧的: a sprung floor, mattress, seat 弹簧地板、 床垫、 坐具.
spry
/ spraI; spraI/ adj (-er, -est) lively and active 活泼的; 活跃的: still spry at eighty 八十岁仍很矫健. 
spryly 
adv. 
spryness 
n [U].
spud
/ spQd; spQd/ n (infml 口) potato 土豆: How many spuds do you want? 你要多少土豆儿?
spud-bashing 
n [U] (Brit army sl 英军俚) peeling potatoes, esp as a punishment 削土豆皮（尤指惩罚性的）.
spume
/ spju:m; spjum/ n [U] (arch 古) foam; froth 泡沫.
spun
pp of spin.
spunk
/ spQNk; spQNk/ n [U]  1 (dated infml 旧, 口) courage; spirit 勇气; 胆量; 活力.  2 (Brit sl 俚) semen 精液; .
spunky 
adj (-ier, -iest) (dated infml 旧, 口) having spunk(1); plucky; spirited 有胆量的; 勇敢的; 劲头十足的.
spur
/ sp\:(r); sp[/ n  1 either of a pair of sharp-toothed wheels or projecting points, worn on the heels of a rider's boots and used to make a horse go faster 马刺: a pair of spurs 一副马刺.  2 (fig 比喻) ~ (to sth) thing that urges a person on to greater activity; incentive 激励因素; 刺激; 鞭策: the spur of poverty 穷则思变 * a spur to greater efficiency 提高效率的刺激因素.  3 thing shaped like a spur, esp the sharp hard projection on the back of a cock's leg 马刺状物; （尤指）雄鸡腿上的距.  4 ridge extending from a mountain or hill 山嘴; 支脉; 横岭.  5 road or railway track that branches off the main road or line （公路或铁路的）支线: [attrib 作定语] a `spur road 岔道儿.  6 (idm 习语) on the ,spur of the `moment on a sudden impulse, without previous planning 一时冲动之下（未经仔细考虑）: She went to London on the spur of the moment. 她一时兴起就到伦敦去了. * [attrib 作定语] a ,spur-of-the-moment i`dea 心血来潮的主意. win one's `spurs => win.
spur 
v (-rr-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tnt] ~ sb/sth (on to sth/on) (a) make (one's horse) go faster by pricking it with spurs 以马刺策（马）前进. (b) strongly encourage sb/sth to do better, achieve more, etc; incite or stimulate sb/sth 激励或刺激某人[某事物]: The magnificent goal spurred the team on to victory. 他们那一球进得漂亮, 鼓舞了全队的士气夺取胜利. * He was spurred on by ambition. 他胸怀大志.  2 [Ip] (arch 古) ride fast or hard 骑马疾驰; 驰驱: The rider spurred on/forward to his destination. 骑者向目的地疾驰而去. spurred adj [usu pred 通常作表语] having spurs; fitted with spurs 有马刺; 装有马刺: booted and spurred 穿著带马刺的靴子 * spurred boots 装有马刺的靴子.
spurious
/ 5spjUErIEs; `spjJrIEs/ adj not genuine or authentic; false or fake 假的; 伪造的: spurious coins, credentials, documents, evidence 伪造的硬币、 证书、 文件、 证据 * a spurious argument 站不住脚的论据. 
spuriously 
adv. 
spuriousness 
n [U].
spurn
/ sp\:n; sp[n/ v [Tn] reject or refuse (sb/sth) scornfully or contemptuously 傲慢地或轻蔑地拒绝（某人[某事物]）; 唾弃: a spurned lover 被抛弃的情人 * spurn sb's offer of help 傲慢地拒绝某人提供的帮助 * She spurned his advances. 她轻蔑地拒绝了他的追求.
spurt
/ sp\:t; sp[t/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (from sth) (of liquids, flame, etc) come out in a sudden burst; gush （指液体、 火焰等）喷出, 迸出, 涌出: water spurting from a broken pipe 从破裂的管子中喷出的水 * Blood spurted (out) from the wound. 血从伤口涌出. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) send out (liquids, flame, etc) in this way 喷出（液体、 火焰等）: The wound was spurting blood. 伤口淌著血. * The volcano spurted (out) molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩.  2 [I] increase one's speed, effort, etc suddenly, esp in a race or other contest 突然加速、 用力等; （尤指在赛跑等竞赛中）冲刺: The runner spurted as he approached the line. 那赛跑选手在接近终点线时加速冲刺.
spurt 
n  1 sudden bursting out; gush 喷射; 涌出: The water came out with a spurt. 水喷了出来.  2 sudden burst of speed, effort, activity, etc 突然的加速; 劲头的迸发; 活跃程度的突然增大: put on (ie make) a spurt 突然加速 * make a spurt for the line 向终点线冲刺 * a sudden spurt of energy, anger 精力的迸发、 突发的怒火 * working in spurts 一阵阵地拚命工作.
sputnik
/ 5spUtnIk; `spJtnIk/ n Russian artificial satellite orbiting the earth （俄国的）人造卫星.
sputter
/ 5spQtE(r); `spQtL/ v [I]  1 make a series of spitting or popping sounds 发出劈劈啪啪声; 毕剥作响: sausages sputtering in the frying-pan 在煎锅中毕剥作响的香肠 * The engine sputtered feebly for a while and then stopped. 发动机发出一阵微弱的嗒嗒声後停了下来.  2 = splutter 1: sputtering with embarrassment 尴尬得语无伦次.
sputter 
n sputtering sound or way of speaking 劈啪声; 慌乱的说话方式.
sputum
/ 5spju:tEm; `spjutEm/ n [U] (fml or medical 文或医) liquid and mucus coughed up from the throat or lungs (esp as used to diagnose some diseases); saliva or spittle 痰（尤指可作诊断依据的）; 唾液; 口水.
spy
/ spaI; spaI/ n  1 person who tries to get secretinformation about military affairs, etc, esp one employedby a government to do this in another country 间谍: suspected of being a spy 有间谍嫌疑的 * [attrib 作定语] a spy trial 对间谍嫌疑犯的审讯.  2 person who secretly watches and reports on what others do, where they go, etc 秘密侦察他人行动者; 密探: police spies, ie people employed by the police to watch suspected criminals 警方的密探 * industrial spies, ie those employed to learn the secrets of business rivals, etc 工业间谍. Cf 参看 mole2 2.
spy 
v (pt, pp spied)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb); ~ (on/into sth) (a) keep watch secretly 暗中监视; 侦察; 窥探: spy on the enemy's movements 侦察敌方行动 * spy into other people's affairs 窥探他人的私事 * I'm sure my neighbours spy on me. 我肯定邻居暗中监视我. (b) be a spy; collect secret information 作间谍或窥探活动; 收集机密情报: She was accused of spying for the enemy. 她被指控为敌方间谍.  2 [Tn, Tng] (fml or joc 文或谑) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) observe (sb/sth); see; notice 观察（某人[某事物]）; 看见; 注意到: We spied three figures in the distance. 我们望见远处有三个人影儿. * I spy someone coming up the garden path. 我看到有人正沿著花园小径走来.  3 (idm 习语) ,spy out the `land assess the situation by making discreet inquiries, etc 摸清情况.  4 (phr v) spy sth out explore and discover (esp an illegal activity) without being observed 暗中查明（尤指
spyglass 
n small telescope 小望远镜.
Sq
abbr 缩写 = (in street names) Square （用於街道名）路, 街, 道: 6 Hanover Sq 汉诺威道 6 号.
sq
abbr 缩写 = square (measurement) 平方: 10 sq cm 10 平方厘米.
Sqn Ldr
abbr 缩写 = Squadron Leader 空军少校: Sqn Ldr (Philip) Jones 皇家空军少校（菲利普·）琼斯.
squab
/ skwCb; skwBb/ n  1 young pigeon, esp when eaten as food 乳鸽.  2 soft seat or cushion, esp as part of a seat in a car 软座, 软坐垫（尤指汽车的）.
squabble
/ 5skwCbl; `skwBbl/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) quarrel noisily (as children do), esp over unimportant matters 大声争吵（尤指为琐事, 如儿童间的）: birds squabbling over bits of bread 为争一些小面包屑叽叽喳喳叫的鸟 * Tom keeps squabbling with his sister about who is going to use the bicycle. 汤姆跟妹妹都争著要骑那辆自行车.
squabble 
n noisy quarrel about sth unimportant 无谓的大声争吵.
squad
/ skwCd; skwBd/ n [CGp] (a) small group of soldiers working or being trained together （军队中的）班. (b) group of people, eg athletes or sportsmen, working as a team 小队, 小组（如由运动员组成的）: the Olympic squad, ie the athletes chosen to represent their country at the Olympic Games 参加奥林匹克运动会的国家代表队.
squaddie (also squaddy) 
n (Brit sl 俚) soldier, esp a young private; recruit 士兵（尤指年轻的列兵）; 新兵: a bunch of squaddies 一帮新兵.
squad car 
police patrol car 巡逻警车.
squadron
/ 5skwCdrEn; `skwBdrEn/ n [CGp]  1 group of military aircraft forming a unit in the Royal Air Force 英国皇家空军中队.  2 group of warships on specialservice 海军中队.  3 division of a cavalry or an armouredregiment 骑兵中队; 装甲连.
squadron leader 
(abbr 缩写 Sqn Ldr) officer commanding a squadron in the Royal Air Force （英国）皇家空军中队长, 皇家空军少校. =>App 9 见附录9.
squalid
/ 5skwClId; `skwBlId/ adj (derog 贬)  1 very dirty and unpleasant (esp because of neglect or poverty) 污秽的; 肮脏的; 邋遢的: squalid housing 肮脏的房屋 * living in squalid conditions 住在污秽的环境中.  2 morally degrading; sordid 道德败坏的; 卑鄙的: a squalid tale of greed and corruption 描述贪得无厌和腐败堕落等丑恶现象的故事. 
squalidly 
adv.
squall
/ skwR:l; skwRl/ n  1 sudden violent wind, often with rain or snow 飑（突起的狂风, 常夹有雨或雪）.  2 loud cry or scream of pain or fear (esp from a baby) （因痛苦或恐惧而发出的）高声哭喊, 尖叫（尤指幼儿的）.
squall 
v [I] cry noisily 大声哭喊; 尖叫: a squalling baby 嚎哭的幼儿.
squally 
adj having squalls (squall 1) 有狂风的: a squally February day 二月里狂风大作的一天 * squally showers of rain or sleet 狂风中的一阵阵雨或雨夹雪.
squalor
/ 5skwClE(r); `skwBlL/ n [U] squalid state 污秽; 卑劣: the squalor of the slums 贫民窟的污秽状况 * live in abject squalor 住在肮脏凄惨的环境中.
squander
/ 5skwCndE(r); `skwBndL/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) waste (time, money, etc); use sth wastefully 浪费（时间、 金钱等）; 挥霍: He's squandered all his savings on drink. 他把存的钱全买酒喝了. * (fig 比喻) Don't squander your affection on him  he'll never love you. 别把感情耗在他身上了--他永远不会爱你的. 
squanderer 
n.
set square
/ 5set skweE(r); `sZtskwZr/ triangular piece of plastic, metal or wood with angles of 90 , 60 and 30 (or 90, 45 and 45), used for drawing straight lines, esp at these angles 三角板; 三角尺.
square
/ skweE(r); skwZr/ adj  1 having four equal sides and four right angles; having the shape of a square2(1) 正方形的; 四方的: a square room, table, handkerchief 正方形的房间、 桌子、 手帕. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图.  2 having or forming (exactly or approximately) a right angle 成直角或近似直角的; 方的: square corners 方角 * a square jaw/chin, ie angular, not curved 棱角分明的下颌[下巴].  3 of comparatively broad solid shape 宽阔结实的: a woman of square frame/build 健硕的女子.  4 [pred 作表语] properly arranged; tidy 妥当; 整洁: We should get everything square before we leave. 咱们应该把一切都安排妥当了再走.  5 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (with sth) level or parallel 水平; 平行: tables arranged square with the wall 沿墙壁平行排列的桌子. (b) settled; paid for; balanced 结清的; 已付的; 收支相抵的: get one's accounts square 把帐结清.  6 measuring a specified amount on all four sides, as a calculation of area 平方的: one square metre, ie an area equal to that of a square with sides that are each one metre in length 一平方米 * A carpet six metres square (ie having all four sides measuring 6 metres) has an area of 36 square metres. 六米见方的地毯面积是36平方米.  7 straightforward; uncompromising 乾脆的; 坚决的: a square refusal 断然拒绝.  8 fair; honest 公平的; 公正的; 诚实的; 正当的: a square deal 公正的协议 * square dealings, eg in business 公平的交易 * I want you to be square with me. 我要求你对我以诚相待.  9 (dated infml 旧, 口) out of touch with new ideas, styles, etc; old-fashioned; conventional 不合时尚的; 守旧的; 传统的.  10 (in cricket) in a position approximately at right angles to the batsman （板球运动中）与击球员约成直角位置的: a fielder standing square on the off side 站在击球员头部方向与之成直角位置的守场员.  11��b (idm 习语) be (all) square (with sb) (a) (in sport) have equal scores （文体活动中）比分相同的, 打平的, 平局的: all square at the ninth hole, ie in a golf match 在第九洞积分相等（指高尔夫球）. (b) with neither person in debt to the other 彼此两不欠帐的: Let's call it all square, shall we? 咱们谁也不欠谁的了, 对吧? a fair/square deal => deal4. a square `meal large and satisfying meal 丰盛的一顿饭: He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for months, ie looks underfed. 瞧他那样子, 好像几个月没好好吃过一顿饭似的. a square `peg (in a round `hole) person whose character or abilities make him unsuitable for or uncomfortable in his job or position （性格或能力）不适宜做某工作或任某职务的人.
square 
adv  1 squarely; directly 正对著; 径直: hit sb square on the jaw 对准某人的下颌打.  2 (idm 习语) fair and square => fair2.
squarely 
adv  1 so as to form a right angle; directly centred 成直角; 处於正中央位置: Her hat was set squarely on her head. 她把帽子戴得端端正正.  2 fairly; honestly 公平地; 公正地; 诚实地; 正当地: act squarely 行为正直.  3 directly opposite 正对著: He faced me squarely across the table. 他在桌子那边正对著我.  4 (idm 习语) fairly and squarely => fairly.
squareness 
n [U].
square brackets 
the marks [] 方括号 []. =>App 3见附录3.
square dance 
(US) dance in which sets of four couples dance together, starting by facing inwards from four sides 方舞（每组四对男女共舞）.
square knot 
(US) = reef knot (reef1).
square leg 
(in cricket) (position of a) fielder at some distance from the batsman's leg-side and nearly in line with the wicket （板球运动中）（在击球员後部与三柱门约成一线位置的）守场员（的位置）.
square measure 
measurement of an area expressed in square metres, feet, etc 面积单位.
square root 
number greater than 0, which when multiplied by itself gives a particular specified number 平方根: The square root of 16 is 4. 16 的平方根是 4. * What is the square root of 9? 9 的平方根是多少?
square-shouldered 
adj with the shoulders at right angles to the neck, not sloping 平肩的. Cf 参看 round-shouldered (round1).
square-toed 
adj (of shoes) having a square toe-cap （指鞋）平头的, 方头的.
square
/ skweE(r); skwZr/ n  1 geometric figure with four equal sides and four right angles 正方形. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图.  2 object having this shape, or approximately this shape 正方形物; 方形物: the squares on a chess board 棋盘上的方格 * cut the paper into squares 把纸裁成方形 * soldiers drawn up in squares 排成四方阵的士兵.  3 (a) four-sided open area, eg in a town, used as a garden or for recreation, or one enclosed by streets and buildings （方形）广场, 街心: a market square 集市广场 * listen to the band playing in the square 聆听广场上乐队的演奏. (b) Square (abbr 缩写 Sq) (in addresses) buildings and streets surrounding this （用作地址）广场四周的建筑及街道: He lives at No 95 Russell Square/Sq. 他住在罗素广场95号.  4 result when a number or quantity is multiplied by itself 平方: The square of 7 is 49. 7的平方是49. * 49 is a perfect square. 49是完全平方.  5 L-shaped or (also T-square) T-shaped instrument for drawing or testing right angles 曲尺; 丁字尺.  6 (dated infml 旧, 口) person who is out of touch with new ideas, styles, etc; conventional or old-fashioned person 守旧的人; 老古板: I'm basically a bit of a square. 我是比较古板的.  7 (idm 习语) back to square one back to the starting-point in an enterprise, a task, etc with no progress made （事情、 工作等因无进展）退回到起点: That idea hasn't worked, so it's/we're back to square one. 那主意行不通, 得从头再来. on the `square (infml 口) fair(ly); honest(ly) 公平（地）; 诚实（地）; 正直（地）: Is their business on the square? 他们做生意规矩吗? out of square (with sth) not at right angles (with sth) （与某物）不成直角.
square-bashing 
n [U] (sl 俚) military drill (esp marching, etc) 军事操练（尤指行军等）.
square
/ skweE(r); skwZr/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) right-angled; give a square shape to; make square 使（某物）成直角; 使成方形: square timber, ie give it rectangular edges 把木材加工成长方体 * squared corners 方角.  2 [Tn] make (sth) straight or level 使（某物）变直或变平: square one's shoulders 端起肩膀.  3 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] multiply (a number) by itself; get the square2(4) of (a number) 使（某数）成平方; 求（某数）的平方: 3 squared is 9. 3的平方是9. * y2 = y  y, ie y squared  y的平方.  4 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] mark (sth) with squares; square off 在（某物）上做出方格: squared paper 方格纸.  5 [Tn, Cn.t] get the co-operation of (sb) by dishonest means; bribe 拉拢（某人）; 贿赂; 收买: All the officials had to be squared before they would help us. 所有的官员都得给好处才肯帮助我们. * He has been squared to say nothing. 他已被收买, 什麽也不说.  6 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) with sth (infml 口) be or make (sth) consistent with sth; (cause sth to) agree with sth 使（某事物）与另一事物一致; （使某事物）与另一事物相符: Your theory doesn't square with the known facts. 你的说法跟已知的事实不符. * You should square your practice with your principles. 你的行为应该跟你的原则一致.  7 [Tn] cause (a total of points, wins, etc) to be even or level 使（总分、 比赛成绩等）相等: This victory has squared the series. 赢了这一场, 把这组赛事的总分拉平了.  8 (idm 习语) square one's ac`count/square accounts with sb (a) pay sb or be paid by him what is owed 与某人结帐. (b) get one's revenge on sb 向某人报复. square the `circle (attempt to) do sth that is impossible （尽力）做不可能做到的事.  9 (phr v) square sth off (a) give sth a square or rectangular shape or outline 将某物弄成方形或矩形: square off a piece of wood 把一块木头加工成方形. (b) divide (a surface) into squares 在（某物表面）上分割成方格: Square the page off with your ruler. 用尺在这页纸上打上方格. square up to sb/sth (infml 口) (a) prepare to fight sb (ie by raising the fists like a boxer) 摆开格斗架势（准备跟某人厮打）. (b) confront sb or sth (esp a difficult situation) with determination 坚定地对付某人或某事物（尤指困境）: He must square up to the reality of being out of work. 他必须正视失业这一现实. square up (with sb) pay (sb) the money one owes (esp before leaving a restaurant, etc) 向（某人）付帐（尤指离开餐馆等处之前）: Can I leave you to square up with the waiter? 我把跟服务员结帐的事交给你办行吗? * It's time we squared up, ie settled our accounts. 咱们该结帐了.
squarish
/ 5skweErIF; `skwZrIF/ adj approximately square 近似方形的; 方方的.
squash
/ skwCF; skwBF/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Cn.a] press or squeeze (sb/sth) flat or into a pulp; crush 将（某人[某物]）压扁, 压烂, 挤扁, 挤碎: squashed tomatoes 挤烂的蕃茄 * The cat got run over by the lorry and squashed. 那只猫被卡车辗死了. * He sat on his hat and squashed it (flat). 他把帽子坐扁了. (b) [I] become squashed or pressed out of shape 被压扁或压烂; 因挤压而变形: Soft fruit squashes easily. 无核的小水果容易压烂.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] force (sth/sb/oneself) in the specified direction by squeezing; crowd 将（某物[某人/自己]）向某方向挤; 挤进去: Don't all try to squash into the lift together. 不要统统挤进电梯里去. * They squashed through the gate into the football ground. 他们挤过大门, 进入足球场. * There's room for one more in the car if you squash in. 汽车里还可以坐一个, 你挤进来吧. * They managed to squash forty people into the bus. 那辆公共汽车好不容易塞进了四十个人. * She squashed her clothes down into the suitcase. 她把衣服塞进箱子里了.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) silence or subdue (sb) rudely, esp with an unpleasant reply; snub 粗暴地使（某人）住嘴; 镇住（某人）; （尤指）拿话噎（某人）; 厉声呵斥: I felt completely squashed by her sarcastic comment. 她冷嘲热讽把我噎得一句话都说不出来.  4 [Tn] (a) defeat or subdue (a rebellion, etc); crush 平定（叛乱等）; 镇压; 制服. (b) (infml 口) reject or dismiss (an idea, a proposal, etc) 拒绝接受（主意、 提议等）: My plan was firmly squashed by the committee. 委员会把我的计画全盘否定了.  5 (phr v) squash (sb) up (against sb/sth) (cause sb to) press tightly and uncomfortably (against another person or thing) （使某人）（跟他人或某物）挤在一起: We had to squash up to make room for the others who wanted to use the lift. 我们得挤出空位让其他想搭电梯的人进来. * There were four of us squashed up against each other on the seat. 我们四个人挤在座位上. 
squash 
n  1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] crowd of people pressed together in a confined space 拥挤的人群: What a squash! 真拥挤呀! * a violent squash at the gates 在门口拚命猛挤的人群. (b) state of being pressesd together in this way 拥挤: It'll be a bit of a squash, but I think I can get you all in the car. 挤是挤一点, 但我看可以把你们全弄上汽车.  2 [U, C] (Brit) soft drink made from fruit juice, sugar and water, usu sold in bottles and drunk with water added 果汁饮料（通常为瓶装, 饮用时加水）: some orange squash 一些橙汁饮料 * Two squashes, please. 请来两客果汁饮料.  3 [U] (also fml 正规作 `squash rackets) game played with rackets and a small softish hollow rubber ball, in a court enclosed by walls and a roof （软式）墙网球; 壁球: [attrib 作定语] a squash racket, ball, court, game 墙网球的球拍、 球、 球场、 比赛 * Do you play squash? 你会打墙网球吗? Cf 参看 racket1 2. =>illus 见插图.
squashy 
adj easily squashed; soft 易压扁的; 易压烂的; 软的: a big squashy sofa 柔软的大沙发 * The fruit is rather squashy. 这种水果怕压.
squash
/ skwCF; skwBF/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 squashes) [U, C] any of several types of large gourd common in the US and eaten as a vegetable 西葫芦; 美国南瓜.
squat
/ skwCt; skwBt/ v (-tt-)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (a) (of people) sit on one's heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under or close to the body; crouch （指人）蹲, 收膝而坐, 伏下身子: The old man squatted (down) by the fire. 老人蹲在炉火旁. =>illus at kneel 见kneel插图. (b) (of animals) crouch with the body closeto the ground （指动物）伏在地上. (c) (infml 口 esp Brit) sit 坐: Can you find somewhere to squat? 你找个地方坐下好吗?  2 [I] occupy an empty building or settle on un-occupied land, etc without permission 擅自占用空建筑; 擅自在空地上安家: homeless people squatting in a derelict house 擅自居住在破败的空屋里的无家可归的人.
squat 
n  1 [sing] squatting position 蹲; 收膝而坐.  2 [C] building occupied by squatters (squatter 2) 被擅自占用的建筑物: living in a squat 住在私占的屋子里.
squatter 
n  1 person who sits in a squatting position 蹲著的人.  2 person who occupies a building or land without permission 擅自占用房屋或土地的人: claim squatters' rights 要求获得擅自占房者应得的权利.  3 (Austral 澳) sheep-farmer 牧羊场主.
squat
/ skwCt; skwBt/ adj (-tter, -ttest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) short and thick; dumpy 矮胖的; 矮墩墩的: a squat man 矮胖的男子 * a squat teapot 扁而粗的茶壶.
squaw
/ skwR:; skwR/ n N American Indian woman or wife 北美印第安女子或妻子.
squawk
/ skwR:k; skwRk/ v [I]  1 (esp of birds) utter a loud harsh cry (eg when hurt or frightened) （尤指鸟）发出响而粗的叫声（如受伤或受惊时）: The parrot squawked loudly. 那鹦鹉嘎嘎大叫.  2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) complain loudly 大声诉苦或抗议.
squawk 
n  1 loud harsh cry 刺耳的大叫.  2 loud complaint 大声的诉苦或抗议.
squeak
/ skwi:k; skwik/ n  1 short high-pitched cry or sound 短促而尖利的叫声或响声: the squeak of a mouse 老鼠的吱吱叫声 * The door opened with a squeak. 门吱嘎一声打开了.  2 (idm 习语) a narrow squeak => narrow.
squeak 
v  1 [I] make a squeak 发出短促而尖利的声音: Can you hear the mice squeaking? 你听到老鼠吱吱叫吗? * These new shoes squeak. 穿上这双新鞋走起路来嘎吱嘎吱的.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in a squeaking voice 以尖利的声音说话: `Let go of me!' he squeaked nervously. ｀放开我!＇他紧张地尖声嚷道. * squeak out a few frightened words 惊恐地尖叫几声.  3 [I] (sl 俚) give secret information (esp to the police); become an informer 告密（尤指向警方）; 充当告密者: Somebody's squeaked! 有人告密了! Cf 参看 squeal v. 
squeaker 
n.
squeaky 
adj (-ier, -iest) making a squeaking sound 发短促而尖利的声音的: a squeaky floor 走上去嘎吱作响的地板 * in a squeaky voice 尖利的嗓音 * squeaky clean, ie washed so clean that it squeaks 极其乾净. 
squeakily
adv. 
squeakiness 
n [U].
squeal
/ skwi:l; skwil/ n high-pitched cry or sound, longer and louder than a squeak (often indicating terror or pain) 长而尖的叫声或响声（常因惊恐或痛苦所致）: the squeal of brakes, eg on lorries 刹车发出的嘎的一声 * There were squeals of excitement from the children. 孩子们兴奋得大声尖叫.
squeal 
v  1 [I] make a squeal 发出长而尖的声音: The pigs were squealing. 猪在尖叫. * He squealed like a pig. 他像猪似的号叫著.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out)say sth in a squealing voice 尖声地说; 号叫著说: He squealed the words out. 他吼叫著说出那些话.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (to sb) (sl 俚) give secret information (esp to the police about a partner or accomplice in crime); become an informer 告密（尤指向警方告发同伙或同谋）; 充当告密者: He squealed on his friends. 他把朋友给告了. squealer n  1 animal that squeals 尖声号叫的动物.  2 (sl 俚) informer 告密者.
squeamish
/ 5skwi:mIF; `skwimIF/ adj  1 (a) having a delicate stomach and easily made sick （因胃过敏）易恶心的. (b) easily disgusted, shocked or offended 易生厌的; 易受惊的; 易生气的; 神经质的: an explicit and violent film, definitely not for the squeamish 一部露骨的、 渲染暴力的影片, 神经脆弱的人肯定受不了.  2 too scrupulous, modest or proper (about principles, morals, etc) （在原则、 道德等方面）过分拘谨的、 谦虚的或正经的. 
squeamishly 
adv. 
squeamishness 
n [U].
squeegee
/ 5skwi:dVi:, 9skwi:5dVi:; `skwidVi, skwi`dVi/ n  1 tool with a rubber edge on a long handle, used for removing water, etc from smooth surfaces 橡皮清洁刷（用於抹去光滑表面的水等）: use a squeegee to clean windows 用橡皮清洁刷擦窗户.  2 similar tool with a small rubber roller on a short handle for pressing water from photographic prints （挤出相片水分的）橡皮滚子.
squeegee 
v (pt, pp -geed) [Tn] use a squeegee on (sth) 用此等工具擦或辗滚.
squeeze
/ skwi:z; skwiz/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] press on (sth) from opposite sides or all sides 挤, 榨, 捏, 向内收紧（某物）: squeeze a sponge, a tube of toothpaste 挤海绵、 牙膏 * squeeze sb's hand, eg as a sign of affection, sympathy, etc 握著某人的手捏一捏（如表示爱意、 同情等） * a doll that squeaks when you squeeze it 一捏会叫的玩具娃娃 * squeeze the dish-cloth out 把洗碗布挤乾 * squeeze a lemon dry 把柠檬榨乾 * (fig 比喻) a company squeezed by (ie under financial pressure because of) reduced sales 因销售量下降而处境困难的公司. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sth change the shape, size, etc of sth into that specified by doing this 将某物挤成某形状、 大小等: squeeze paste into a ball 把面团捏成球形.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from/out of sth); ~ sth (out) get (water, juice, etc) out of sth by pressing it hard 挤出, 榨出（水、 汁等）: squeeze the juice out of a lemon 榨柠檬汁 * squeeze the water out (of the cloth) 把（那块布中的）水挤出 * (fig 比喻) squeezed out of the job market by younger men 被年轻人挤出了就业市场 * She felt as if every drop of emotion had been squeezed out of her. 她感到自己的感情被榨得一滴不剩了. (b) [Tn.pr] cause sth to move from one place to another by squeezing 以挤压的方式使某物移动: squeeze lemon-juice into a glass 向玻璃杯中挤柠檬汁 * squeeze toothpaste from the tube onto a toothbrush 把牙膏挤到牙刷上.  3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth) into, through, etc sth; ~ (sb/sth) through, in, past, etc force (oneself/sb/sth) into, through, etc a narrow gap or restricted space （使某人[某物]）挤入, 挤过: squeeze through a gap in the hedge/through a crowd 由树篱的缺口挤过去[从人丛中挤过去] * squeeze (one's way) onto a crowded bus 挤上拥挤的公共汽车 * There were already four people in the lift, but he managed to squeeze in. 电梯里已经有四个人了, 但他还是挤进去了. * Can you squeeze past/by? 你能挤过去吗? * She squeezed as many books onto the shelf as she could. 她把书架塞得不能再满了. * (fig 比喻) I've a busy morning but I could squeeze you in (ie find time for you) at 10.15. 我上午没空, 但10点15分时可以挤出点时间来给你.  4 (phr v) squeeze sth out of sb get sth from sb by applying pressure (eg threats of violence, force, harsh laws) 向某人榨取某事物; 勒索; 敲诈: squeeze more money out of the taxpayer 向纳税人再榨取一些钱 * squeeze a promise out of sb 逼某人作出保证. squeeze (sb) up (against sb/sth) (cause sb to) press tightly and uncomfortably (against another person or thing); move closer together （使某人）（跟他人或某物）挤在一起; 贴近: There'll be enough room if we all squeeze up a bit. 咱们大家挤一挤就够地方了. * I had to sit squeezed up against the wall. 我得紧贴著墙坐.
squeeze 
n  1 [C] (a) act of squeezing 挤; 榨; 捏; 向内收紧的动作: give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze 把牙膏挤一挤. (b) affectionate hug or clasp 亲切的拥抱或握手: a hug and a squeeze 亲热的拥抱 * She gave my hand a gentle squeeze. 她握著我的手, 轻轻捏了捏.  2 [C] small amount of sth produced by squeezing 挤出来的少量事物: a squeeze of lemon in your drink 挤在你饮料中的少量柠檬汁.  3 [sing] state of being squeezed, as when many people or things are pressed tightly together 拥挤; 挤压: It was a tight squeeze but we finally got all the clothes into the case. 箱子已经很满了, 但我们还是把衣服全塞进去了.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] difficulty or hardship caused by shortage of money or time, etc 缺少钱或时间等所引致的困难或困苦; 拮据; 短缺: She's just lost her job, so they're really feeling the squeeze. 她刚失了业, 这下他们真正感到艰难了.  5 [C] (infml 口) restrictions on borrowing, etc during a financial crisis 银根紧缩: a credit squeeze 信贷紧缩.  6 (idm 习语) put the squeeze on sb (to do sth) (infml 口) put pressure on sb to act in a particular way 对某人施加压力（以迫使其做某事）. a tight squeeze => tight.
squeezer 
n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) device for squeezing out juice, etc 压榨器; 榨汁器: a `lemon-squeezer 柠檬榨汁器.
squelch
/ skweltF; skwZltF/ v  1 [I] make a sucking sound as when feet are lifted from thick sticky mud 发吧唧声或扑哧声（如脚从黏泥中拔出时）: water squelching in my boots 我靴子里的水扑扑作响.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move in the specified direction making this sound 发出吧唧声或扑哧声行走: cows squelching across the field 发出吧唧声穿过牧场的母牛 * squelching along (in the mud) （在泥泞中）扑哧扑哧向前走.
squelch 
n squelching sound 吧唧声; 扑哧声.
squib
/ skwIb; skwIb/ n  1 small firework that jumps around on the ground making a hissing sound before exploding 蹦蹦炮（先在地上发嘶嘶声蹦跳, 然後再爆炸的小爆竹）.  2 (idm 习语) a damp squib => damp1.
squid
/ skwId; skwId/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 squids) [C, U] sea creature related to the cuttle-fish with ten arms round the mouth 枪乌贼; 鱿鱼: Would you like some squid? 你想来点儿鱿鱼吗? =>illus at octopus 见 octopus 插图.
squidgy
/ 5skwIdVI; `skwIdVI/ adj (infml 口 esp Brit) soft and moist; soggy 软而湿的; 很潮的: a nice squidgy cream cake 松软可口的奶油蛋糕.
squiffy
/ 5skwIfI; `skwIfI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) slightly drunk 微醉的.
squiggle
/ 5skwIgl; `skwI^l/ n short twisting or wavy line, esp in handwriting; scribble 歪扭的或波形的短线条（尤指笔画）; 潦草的字迹: Is this squiggle supposed to be a signature? 这歪歪扭扭的玩意儿就算是签名吗? 
squiggly 
/ 5skwIglI; `skwI^lI/ adj.
squint
/ 5skwInt; skwInt/ v  1 [I] have eyes that do not move together but look in different directions at once 患斜视.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at, through, up, etc sth) look (at sth) with eyes half shut or turned sideways, or through a narrow opening 眯著眼睛, 乜斜著眼睛（看某物）; 瞟; 从小孔或缝隙里看, 窥看（某物）: squinting in the bright sunlight 在很亮的阳光下眯起眼睛 * squinting through the letter-box 从投信口向信箱里面看.
squint 
n  1 (abnormal condition causing the) squinting position of an eyeball or eyeballs 斜视; 斜视症: He was born with a squint. 他先天斜视. * They both have squints. 他俩都是斜视.  2 (Brit infml 口) look or glance 看; 瞥: Have/Take a squint at this. 你看看这个吧.
squint 
adv, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) not straight; askew 不直（的）; 歪斜（的）: The bottle-top has been screwed on squint. 瓶盖儿没拧正.
squinty 
adj: squinty eyes 斜视眼.
squire
/ 5skwaIE(r); skwaIr/ n  1 (in titles 称谓中作 Squire) (formerly) country gentleman, esp the chief landowner in a country district （旧时）乡绅（尤指乡区的大地主）.  2 (formerly) young man who was a knight's attendant until he himself became a knight （旧时）骑士的年轻扈从（直至自己成为骑士时为止）.  3 (US) justice of the peace or local judge 治安法官; 地方法官.  4 (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) (used as a friendly but respectful form of address by one man to another 用作男人间亲切而尊敬的称谓): What can I get you, squire? 您要点儿什麽, 先生?
squirearchy 
/ 5skwaIErB:kI; `skwaI9rBrkI/ n [CGp] landowners as a class having political or social influence (esp formerly in England) 地主阶级, 乡绅阶层（尤指英格兰旧时的）.
squirm
/ skw\:m; skw[m/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move by twisting the body about; wriggle; writhe 蠕动; 扭动: He was squirming (around) on the floor in agony. 他躺在地上痛苦地扭动著.  2 [I] feel embarrassment, discomfort, or shame 难为情; 不舒服; 羞愧: It made him squirm to think how he'd messed up the interview. 他想到面试时自己表现得那麽差劲儿, 心里真不是滋味儿.
squirrel
/ 5skwIrEl; ?@ 5skw\:rEl; `skw[El/ n  1 [C] small tree-climbing animal with a bushy tail and red or grey fur 松鼠: Red squirrels are now very rare in Britain. 红色的松鼠在英国已十分罕见了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.  2 [U] its fur 松鼠的毛皮: [attrib 作定语] a squirrel hat 松鼠皮帽.
squirt
/ skw\:t; skw[t/ v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out of/from sth); ~ sth (out) force (liquid, powder, etc) out in a thin stream or jet 使（液体、 粉末等）喷出: squirt soda-water into a glass 把苏打水倒进玻璃杯 * squirt oil out (of a can) into a machine 把油（从罐中）喷入机器内 * Stop squirting water at me! 别对我喷水了! (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out of/from sth); ~ (out) (of liquid, powder, etc) be forced out in this way （指液体、 粉末等）喷出: Water squirted (from the tap) all over me. （龙头里的）水喷了我一身. * I squeezed the bottle and the sauce squirted out. 我把瓶子一捏, 沙司就挤出来了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cover sb/sth with liquid, powder, etc forced out in this way 向某人[某物]喷液体或粉末等: The little girl squirted us with (water from) her water-pistol. 那小姑娘用水枪向我们射（水）.
squirt 
n  1 (a) thin stream or jet of liquid, powder,etc （液体、 粉末等的）喷射. (b) small quantity producedby squirting 喷射出的少量液体或粉末等.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) small or unimportant but self-assertive person 年轻或地位不高但很自负的人; 妄自尊大的人: He's such a little squirt. 他年纪不大, 傲气不小.
Sr
abbr 缩写 =  1 Sen 3.  2 (religion 宗) Sister: Sr Mary Francis 玛丽·弗朗西斯修女.
SRC
/ 9es B: 5si:; 9Zs Br `si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Science Research Council 科学研究委员会: SRC-funded projects 科学研究委员会资助的项目.
SRN
/ 9es B:r 5en; 9Zs Br `Zn/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Registered Nurse (with 3 years' training) 国家注册护士（经3年培训者）: be an SRN 为国家注册护士 * Sally Ward SRN 萨莉·沃德, 国家注册护士. Cf 参看 SEN.
SS
abbr 缩写 =  1 Saints.  2 / 9es 5es; 9Zs `Zs/ steamship: SS Warwick Castle 沃里克城堡号汽船.
St
abbr 缩写 =  1 Saint: St Peter 圣彼得. Cf 参看 S 1.  2 Street: Fleet St 弗利特街（旧译舰队街）.
st
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) stone (weight) 石（重量单位）: She weighs 10st. 她体重 10 石.
Sta
abbr 缩写 = (esp on a map 尤作地图上的标记) Station: Victoria Sta 维多利亚站.
stab
/ stb; stAb/ v (-bb-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] pierce (sth) or wound (sb) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc) into sb/sth 戳（某物）; 刺伤（某人）; 用（刀等）捅某人[某物]: He was stabbed to death, ie killed by being stabbed. 他被刺死了. * She stabbed him in the leg with a kitchen knife. 她拿菜刀捅伤了他的腿. * He stabbed the meat with his fork/stabbed his fork into the meat. 他用叉子叉肉.  2 (idm 习语) stab sb in the `back (infml 口) attack sb's position, reputation, etc treacherously; betray sb 背地里中伤某人; 背叛某人.  3 (phr v) stab at sb/sth aim a blow at sb/sth with or as if with a pointed weapon 扎向某人[某物]: He stabbed at the earth with his stick. 他拿手杖戳著地. * She stabbed at the air with her finger to emphasize what she was saying. 她手指一戳一戳的, 强调她说的话. =>Usage at nudge 用法见 nudge.
stab 
n  1 (a) act of stabbing; blow made by stabbing 刺; 戳; 捅; 扎; 戳击: [attrib 作定语] several stab wounds 几处刺伤的地方. (b) wound made by stabbing 刺伤或捅伤的伤口: a stab in the arm 手臂上捅的伤口.  2 sudden sharp pain caused by, or as if by, stabbing 刺痛: a stab of pain in the chest 胸部的一阵刺痛 * a stab of guilt 强烈的内疚.  3 (idm 习语) have a stab at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt (to do) sth 尽力做某事: You'll never mend your car like that  let me have a stab at it. 你这样怎麽能修好汽车--让我来试试吧. a ,stab in the `back (infml 口) treacherous attack, eg on sb's reputation or position; betrayal 背後的中伤; 背叛行为.
stabber 
n person who stabs sb （用刀等）刺人的人.
stabbing 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of pain, etc) very sharp and sudden as if caused by a stab （指疼痛等）突然而剧烈的, 似被刀刺的: a stabbing pain in the chest 胸部的一阵刺痛.  n instance of stabbing or being stabbed with a knife, etc 用利器伤人的事件: The police are worried about the increase in the number of stabbings in the city. 市内利器伤人案增多, 警方甚感忧虑.
stable
/ 5steIbl; `stebl/ adj (a) firmly established or fixed; not likely to move or change 稳定的; 稳固的; 牢固的; 安定的: a stable relationship, job, government 稳定的关系、 工作、 政府 * a house built on stable foundations 建在牢固基础上的房子 * The patient's condition is stable. 病人情况稳定. (b) (of a person or his character) not easily upset or disturbed; well-balanced; reliable （指人或性格）沉稳的, 持重的, 可靠的: Mentally she's very stable. 她情绪十分稳定. * He's about the most stable person I know. 我认识的人当中, 数他最稳重. (c) (of a substance) tending to stay in the same chemical or atomic state; not breaking down easily or naturally （指物质）稳定的（保持化学或原子状态的）, 不易变化的: an element forming stable compounds 可形成稳定的化合物的元素.
stability 
/ stE5bIlEtI; stE`bIlEtI/ n [U] quality or state of being stable 稳定性; 稳定状态; 沉稳.
stabilize, stabilise 
/ 5steIbElaIz; `stebl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become stable （使某事物）稳定; （使某人）变得沉稳: His condition has now stabilized. 他的情况稳定下来了. * government measures to stabilize prices 政府采取的稳定物价的措施. stabilization, -isation / 9steIbElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9steblE`zeFEn/ n [U]. stabilizer, -iser/ 5steIbElaIzE(r); `stebE9laIzL/ n substance or device that stabilizes, esp a device that prevents an aircraft or ship from rolling, or one that helps to keep a child's bicycle upright 稳定装置; 稳定器; 平衡器; （飞行器的）安定面: He can now ride his bike without stabilizers. 他现在骑自行车不需要平衡器了.
stably 
/ 5steIblI; `steblI/ adv: in a stable manner 稳定地; 沉稳地.
stable
/ 5steIbl; `stebl/ n  1 building in which a horse or horses are kept and fed 马厩: [attrib 作定语] a stable door 马厩的门.  2 (often pl with sing meaning and sometimes sing v 常作复数, 但词义为单数, 有时动词亦用单数) establishment that specializes in keeping horses for a particular purpose; the horses kept in this 专用马房; 专用马房中的马: Is there a riding stables near here?附近有专供骑用马的马房吗? * He owns a racing stable(s),ie a group of racehorses and the buildings they are kept in. 他是马房主.  3 (fig 比喻) place such as an athletics club, a school, a theatre, etc where a number of people have been trained in the same way 训练基地; 培训处; 学校: actors from the same stable 在同一处受训的演员.  4 (idm 习语) lock, etc the stable door after the horse has bolted try to prevent or avoid loss, damage, etc when it is already too late 亡马锁厩, 为时已晚; 贼去关门.
stable 
v [Tn] put or keep (a horse) in a stable 将（马）置於厩中: Where do you stable your pony? 你那匹矮种马养在哪儿?
stabling 
/ 5steIblIN; `steblIN/ n [U] accommodation for horses 马厩设备: The house has stabling for 20 horses. 这所房子有可容纳 20 匹马的设备.
stable-boy (also `stable-lad) 
n (usu young) person (of either sex) who works in a stable （通常指年少的）马夫（男性或女性）; 小马倌儿.
staccato
/ stE5kB:tEU; stE`kBto/ adj, adv (music 音) (to be played) with each successive note short, clear anddetached; not smooth(ly) （应奏成）断音（的）, 断奏（的）,不连贯（的）: staccato notes 断音音符 * Play this phrase staccato. 这一乐句要奏成断音. * (fig 比喻) He shouted a series of staccato orders. 他一顿一顿地大声下了几道命令.
stack
/ stAk; stAk/ n  1 circular or rectangular pile of hay, straw, grain, etc, usu with a sloping top for storage in the open; rick （乾草、 麦秆、 谷物等的）堆, 垛（通常为斜顶, 便於露天贮存）: a haystack 乾草垛.  2 pile or heap, usu neatly arranged 堆, 摞（通常指堆放得整齐的）: a wood stack 木材堆 * a stack of newspapers 一摞报纸 * They put the rifles into a stack. 他们把步枪架在一起.  3 (esp pl 尤作复数) ~ of sth (infml 口) large number or quantity 大量; 一大堆: stacks of money 大量的钞票 * I've got stacks of work to do. 我有一大堆工作要做. * There's a whole stack of bills waiting to be paid. 有一大堆帐要付呢.  4 (a) tall chimney (esp on a factory) or funnel (on a ship) for carrying away smoke 大烟筒（尤指工厂的）; （船上的）烟囱. (b) group of chimneys standing together 烟囱群.  5 (often pl 常作复数) rack with shelves for books in a library or bookshop （图书馆或书店的）书架.  6 number of aircraft circling at different heights while waiting for instructions to land at an airport 分层盘旋的待降机群.  7 (idm 习语) blow one's stack => blow1.
stack 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth into a stack or stacks; pile sth up 将某物堆起或摞起: Please stack your chairs before you leave. 走之前请把椅子摞在一起. * stack logs (into piles) 把原木堆起来 * stack (up) the dishes on the draining-board 把碗盘摞起放在滴水板上.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put heaps or piles of things on or in (a place) 把某物堆放於（某处）: The whole garden was stacked with bricks. 园子里堆满了砖.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) arrange (playing-cards) unfairly 洗（纸牌）时作弊: (US) stack the deck, ie arrange a whole pack of cards in this way 洗牌时做手脚.  4 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an aircraft) fly in a stack(6) while waiting to land （指飞行器）定高盘旋（以等待降落）. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make (aircraft) fly in a stack; arrange (aircraft) in a stack 使（飞行器）分层盘旋待降; 指示（飞行器）分层盘旋待降.  5 (idm 习语) have the cards/odds stacked a`gainst one be at a disadvantage or in a difficult situation, so that one seems unlikely to succeed 处於不利的地位或困境（因而难以成功）.  6 (phr v) stack up (against sth) (US infml 口) compare (with sth); measure up (to sth) 能（与某事物）相比; 比得上（某事物）: How well do you think this washing powder stacks up against your usual brand? 这种洗衣粉跟你常用的那种比怎麽样?
stadium
/ 5steIdIEm; `stedIEm/ n (pl ~s or  -dia / -dIE; -dIE/) enclosed area of land for games, athletic contests, etc, usu with seats for spectators 体育场, 运动场（通常有看台）: build a new stadium for the Olympic Games 为奥林匹克运动会建造新的体育场.
staff
/ stB:f; ?@ stAf; stAf/ n  1 [C] strong stick or pole used as a support when walking or climbing, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority or sign of office 手杖; 棍棒; 权杖: The old man leant on a long wooden staff. 老人拄著一根长长的木手杖.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数, Gp] group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or person in authority 全体职工; 全体雇员: the hotel staff 旅馆的全体工作人员 * We need more staff in the office. 我们办公室需要增加人手. * I have a staff of ten. 我手下有十个职员. * The staff in this shop are very helpful. 这家店里的店员很热心.  3 [pl v] people in authority in an organization (contrasted with students, etc); those doing administrative work (as distinct from manual work) 当权的人员（相对於学生等而言）; 行政人员（与体力劳动者相区分）: a head teacher and her staff （女）校长及全体 教师 * a new member of (the) staff 新来的职员 * The school staff are expected to supervise school meals. 学校的教职员应监督学校的膳食. * [attrib 作定语] a staff party, room, meeting 职员的聚会、 活动室、 会议.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数, Gp] group of senior army officers assisting a commanding officer （军队的）全体参谋人员: the general's staff 将军的参谋人员 * [attrib 作定语] a `staff officer 参谋.  5 (also stave / steIv; stev/) [C] (music 音) set of five horizontal parallel lines on which music is written 五线谱. =>illus at music 见 music 插图.  6 (idm 习语) the ,staff of `life (arch or rhet 古或修辞) bread 面包.
staff 
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (sth) with staff(2); act as staff for 为（某部门）配备人员; 担任（某部门）的工作人员: a well-staffed hotel 工作人员齐全的旅馆 * The school is staffed entirely by graduates. 这个学校的教职员全是大学毕业生. * There's nobody to staff the office today. 今天这个办事处没有职员.
staff nurse 
hospital nurse ranking just below a sister(4) 医院护士（比护士长低一级）.
staff sergeant 
(a) (Brit) senior sergeant in a non-infantry (eg cavalry) company （非步兵连的）陆军上士. (b) (US) non-commissioned officer ranking just above a sergeant 陆军上士; 海军上士; 空军上士.
stag
/ stAg; stA^/ n  1 fully-grown male deer （成年的）牡鹿. =>illus at deer 见deer插图. Cf 参看 buck1 1, doe, fawn1 1, hart.  2 (Brit) person who buys newly issued stocks and shares hoping that the prices will rise and he will be able to make a quick profit 购买新上市股票的人（以期升值後售出迅速获利者）.
stag 
adj [attrib 作定语] for men only 只限男子参加的: a stag night at the golf club 高尔夫球俱乐部中只限男子参加的晚会.
stag-beetle 
n large beetle with projecting mouth-parts which resemble a stag's antlers 锹甲.
stag-party 
n party for men only, esp one for a man just before he gets married 雄鹿会（只限男子参加的聚会, 尤指为准新郎举行的）. Cf 参看 hen-party (hen).
stage
/ steIdV; stedV/ n  1 [C] platform or area (usu in a theatre) on which plays are performed to an audience 舞台（通常指剧场中的）: He was on (the) stage for most of the play. 他几乎整出戏都在台上. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.  2 the stage [sing] the profession of actors and actresses; life and work in the theatre 演员的职业; 戏剧表演; 舞台生涯: She advised her son not to choose the stage as a career. 她劝儿子不要选择戏剧表演作职业.  3 [sing] (fig 比喻) scene of action; place where events occur 场所; （事件发生的）现场: Geneva has become the stage for many meetings of world leaders. 日内瓦已成为世界领袖经常召开会议的地方.  4 [C] point, period or step in the development, growth or progress of sth/sb 某事物[某人]的发展、 成长或进步的程度、 时期或阶段: at an early stage in our history 在我们历史发展的早期 * At this stage it's impossible to know whether our plan will succeed. 目前尚无法预见我们的计画能否实现. * The baby has reached the talking stage, ie is beginning to talk. 这婴儿已经会说话了.  5 [C] (a) distance between two stopping-places on a journey; part of a journey （行程中两站之间的）路程; 一段路: travel by easy stages, ie only for a short distance at a time 分段作短程舒适的旅行 * She did the first stage of the trip by train. 她行程的第一段是乘火车的. (b) (Brit) section of a bus route for which there is a fixed fare （有固定票价的）一段公共汽车路程: travel two stages for 30p 乘坐两段路程, 车费30便士. (c) stopping-place after such a part of a journey or bus-ride （一段路程终了的）站.  6 [C] section of a space-rocket with a separate engine, jettisoned when its fuel is used up （火箭的）级.  7 [C] (infml 口) = stage-coach: take the next stage out of town 乘下一趟公共马车出镇.  8 (idm 习语) be/go on the `stage be/become an actor 当[成为]演员; 登台演出: She's wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 她从小就想当演员. set the stage for sth prepare for sth; make sth possible or easy 为某事作好准备或创造条件: The president's recent death set the stage for a military coup. 总统最近死後, 酝酿著一场军事政变. ,up/,down `stage further from/nearer to the front of the stage when acting in a play, etc （演出时）在（向）舞台後部[前部].
stage 
v [Tn]  1 present (a play, etc) on a stage; put (sth) before the public 将（戏剧等）搬上舞台; 上演: stage a new production of `King Lear' 上演新编排的《李尔王》.  2 arrange for (sth) to take place; carry out 实行（某事）; 进行; 举行: stage a protest rally 举行抗议大会 * stage a `come-back, eg after retiring as a sportsman 复出.
stage-coach 
n (formerly) public vehicle pulled by horses carrying passengers (and often mail) along a regular route （旧时的）公共马车, 驿车.
stage direction 
note in the text of a play telling actors where to move, how to perform, etc on stage （剧本的）舞台指示.
stage door 
entrance at the back of a theatre used by actors, theatre staff, etc 剧场後门（供演员、 职员等进出的）.
stage fright 
nervousness felt by an actor, etc in front of an audience （演员等的）怯场.
stage-hand 
n person employed to help move scenery, etc in a theatre 舞台工作人员（负责移动布景、 道具等的）.
stage left 
left side of a stage for an actor facing the audience （面对观众的）舞台左侧.
stage-manage 
v [Tn] organize (sth) as or like a stage-manager 担任（某剧）的舞台监督; 对（某事）进行幕後安排: The demonstration had been carefully stage-managed to coincide with the Prime Minister's visit. 这次示威活动事先作了精心安排, 正好在首相访问时进行. 
stage-manager 
n person in charge of a theatre stage, equipment, scenery, etc during the rehearsals and performances of a play 舞台监督.
stage right 
right side of a stage for an actor facing the audience （面对观众的）舞台右侧.
stage-struck 
adj (often derog 常作贬义) having a (too) great desire to become an actor （过分）渴望当演员的: His ten-year old daughter is completely stage-struck. 他那十岁的女儿想当演员都入迷了.
stage whisper 
loud whisper (on stage) that is intended to be heard by the audience 低声旁白（为让观众听见的舞台低语）.
stagflation
/ 9stAg5fleIFn; 9stA^`fleFEn/ n [U] (finance 财) (formed from stagnation + inflation 由 stagnation + inflation 二词构成) state of monetary inflation without a corresponding increase in demand and employment 滞胀.
stagger
/ 5stAgE(r); `stA^L/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall (from carrying sth heavy, being weak or drunk, etc) 蹒跚; 踉跄; 摇晃著移动: She staggered and fell. 她踉跄了几步, 跌倒在地. * stagger to one's feet, across the room, from side to side 摇摇晃晃地站起来、 走到房间的另一边、 忽左忽右 * staggering along, around, about, etc 摇摇摆摆地走著、转来转去、 四处走等. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (of news, etc) shock (sb) deeply; cause (sb) astonishment, worry or confusion （指消息等）使（某人）震惊、 担心或慌乱: I was staggered to hear/on hearing/when I heard of his death. 我听到他死的消息大吃一惊.  3 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] place (sth) in a zigzag or alternating arrangement 交错安排（某事物）; 使（某事物）错开: a staggered junction, ie a cross-roads where the side-roads are not directly opposite each other 旁侧路口不相对的交叉处.  4 [Tn] arrange (the times of events) so that they do not occur together 错开（时间）: staggered office hours, ie arranged so that employees are not all using buses, trains, etc at the same time 错开的办公时间（以减低使用交通工具的拥挤现象） * stagger the annual holidays 错开年假.
stagger 
n unsteady staggering movement 蹒跚; 踉跄; 摇晃不稳的动作: He picked up the heavy suitcase and set off with a stagger. 他提起沉重的箱子, 打个趔趄就走了.
staggering 
/ 5stAgErIN; `stA^ErIN/ adj astonishing; shocking 令人吃惊的; 惊人的: a staggering achievement 惊人的成就 * I find their decision simply staggering. 我觉得他们的决定简直太惊人了. 
staggeringly 
adv: She's staggeringly beautiful. 她漂亮极了.
staging
/ 5steIdVIN; `stedVIN/ n [C, U]  1 (usu temporary) platform or support for people working, eg on a building site; scaffolding （通常指临时的）工作台, 工作架; 脚手架.  2 (way or method of) presenting a play on the stage of a theatre （戏剧的）上演, 演出; 演剧技巧: an imaginative new staging of `Macbeth' 以表现出丰富的想像力的新手法上演的《麦克佩斯》.
staging post 
regular stopping-place on a long journey, esp on an air route 中途站; （尤指飞机航线上的）中途机场.
stagnant
/ 5stAgnEnt; `stA^nEnt/ adj  1 (of water) not flowing and therefore dirty and smelling unpleasant; still and stale （指水）因不流动而污浊、 腐臭的, 静止而不新鲜的: water lying stagnant in ponds and ditches 池塘和沟中的死水.  2 (fig 比喻) showing no activity (and therefore not developing or progressing); sluggish 停滞的; 不景气的: Business was stagnant last month. 上个月生意萧条. 
stagnancy 
/ -nEnsI; -nEnsI/ n [U].
stagnate
/ stAg5neIt; ?@ 5stAgneIt; `stA^net/ v [I]  1 be or become stagnant(1) 不流动; 成为死水.  2 (fig 比喻) be or become dull or unsuccessful because of lack of activity, development, opportunity, etc 停滞; 变迟钝; 不景气; 不发展: a stagnating industry 不景气的工业 * I feel I'm stagnating in this job. 我觉得我干这份工作没什麽前途. * His mind has stagnated since his retirement. 他退休後头脑迟钝了. 
stagnation 
/ stg5neIFn; stA^`neFEn/ n [U].
stagy
/ 5steIdVI; `stedVI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (too) theatrical in style, manner or behaviour; exaggerated for effect （太）戏剧化的; 演戏似的; 做作的: The room was decorated with stagy opulence. 那房间装饰得富丽堂皇, 像戏台似的. 
stagily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
staginess 
n [U].
staid
/ steId; sted/ adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of people, their appearance, behaviour, tastes, etc) serious, dull and old-fashioned; conservative （指人、 外表、 行为、 爱好等）古板的, 保守的, 一本正经的: I was surprised to see him at the jazz club; I always thought of him as a rather staid old gentleman. 我在爵士舞俱乐部见到他时很感意外, 我还一直以为他是个挺古板的绅士呢. 
staidly 
adv. 
staidness 
n [U].
stain
/ steIn; sten/ v  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sth (with sth) change the colour of sth; leave or make coloured patches or dirty marks on sth, esp ones that are difficult to remove 改变某物的颜色; 染污, 沾污（某物）（尤指难以清除）: fingers stained with nicotine 被尼古丁染黄的手指 * blood-stained hands 沾著血污的手 * a tablecloth stained with gravy 沾上肉汁的桌布 * The blackberry juice stained their fingers (red).黑莓汁把他们的手指给染（红）了.  2 [I] become discoloured or marked in this way 被染污; 被沾污: Our white carpet stains easily. 我们的白地毯不耐脏.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] colour (wood, fabric, etc) with a substance that penetrates the material; dye 给（木材、 布等）染色或著色: The biologist stained the specimen before looking at it through the microscope. 那位生物学家先把标本染色, 然後再通过显微镜进行观察. * He stained the wood dark brown. 他把木头染成深褐色了.  4 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] (fml fig 文, 比喻) bring disgrace to or damage (sb's reputation, good name, etc); blemish 玷污, 败坏（某人的名声等）: The incident stained his career. 那件小事给他的事业抹上了污斑.
stain 
n  1 [U, C] liquid, etc used for staining wood, fabric, etc; dye 染色剂; 著色剂; 染料; 颜料: How much stain should I buy for the table? 给这张桌子上色, 我得买多少颜料? * a range of wood stains 木材著色剂系列.  2 [C] dirty mark or patch of colour caused by staining (stainv 1) 污点; 污斑; 污迹: There's an ink stain on your shirt. 你的衬衫上有一个墨水斑. * I can't get these coffee stains out of the carpet. 我弄不掉地毯上的咖啡污迹. [C] thing that causes disgrace (to a person's reputation, etc); moral blemish 玷污（某人名声等的）事物; 品德上的污点: He left the court without a stain on his character. 他经法庭一役, 人格丝毫无损.
stainless 
adj free from stains or blemishes; spotless 无污点的; 无瑕疵的: a stainless reputation 清白的名声. 
stainless steel 
type of steel alloy that does not rust or corrode 不锈钢: knives made of stainless steel 不锈钢刀 * [attrib 作定语] a stainless steel sink 不锈钢洗涤槽.
stained glass 
glass coloured with transparent colouring while it is being made 彩色玻璃; 彩画玻璃: [attrib 作定语] a ,stained glass `window, ie one made of pieces of glass of different colours, as seen in many churches 彩画玻璃窗（由各色玻璃拼成, 常见於教堂中）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.
stair
/ steE(r); stZr/ n  1 stairs [pl] series of fixed steps from one floor of a building to another, usu inside （楼层之间的）楼梯（通常在建筑物内）: climb a long/short flight of stairs 上一大[小]段楼梯 * She always runs up/down the stairs. 她总是跑著上[下]楼梯. * I passed her on the stairs. 我在楼梯上遇见她了. * The stairs need cleaning. 楼梯该打扫一下了. * at the foot/head of the stairs, ie at the bottom/top of a set of stairs 在楼梯的下端[上端].  2 [C] any one of these steps 梯级: The child was sitting on the bottom stair. 那孩子正坐在楼梯最下面的一级上. * The top stair is broken. 楼梯最上面的一级坏了. =>illus 见插图.  3 (idm 习语) below `stairs (dated 旧) in the basement of a house (in large houses, formerly the part used by servants) 在地下室（指大房子中的, 旧时为仆人用的）: Their affairs were being discussed below stairs, ie by the servants. 他们的仆人正在谈论他们的事情.
stair-carpet 
n strip of carpet for laying on stairs 楼梯地毯.
staircase (also `stairway) 
n set of stairs (often with banisters) and its supporting structure, inside a building （建筑物内的）楼梯（常有栏杆）: a spiral staircase, ie stairs winding round a central pillar 螺旋式楼梯. =>illus 见插图.
stair-rod 
n metal or wooden rod fixed in the angle between two stairs to keep a stair-carpet in place 楼梯毯棍（两梯级间固定地毯用的）.
stairway 
n = staircase.
stairwell 
n part of a building containing the staircase; space for the stairs 楼梯井（建筑物的楼梯占用的部分）.
stair
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: (Flights of) stairs are mostly found inside houses or other buildings where people live or work (eg an office block) *(flights of) stairs多见於房屋或其他供人居住或工作的建筑物（如办公楼）中: He finds it difficult to climb the stairs with his bad leg.他的一条腿有毛病, 上楼梯很困难. *  vacuum the stairs 用吸尘器打扫楼梯. A staircase is the part of the building including the stairs and banisters and sometimes the walls and ceilings surrounding them *staircase指建筑物内容纳楼梯及其栏杆的部分, 有时包括周围的墙壁和天花板: We must redecorate the staircase. 我们得把楼梯重新装饰一下. (Flights of) steps are usually made of stone or concrete and found outside or in an uninhabited building. *(flights of) steps通常为石料或混凝土制成的, 建於户外或非住房型的建筑物中. We also talk of individual steps which make up a staircase or a flight of steps *steps还可用以指构成楼梯或一段台阶的梯级: I'll meet you on the steps of the museum. 我在博物馆的台阶上和你相见. *  There are 150 steps to the top of the tower. 到塔顶有150级台阶. *  sitting on the top/bottom step 坐在最上[下]的梯级上.
stake
/ steIk; stek/ n  1 [C] strong wood or metal stick, pointed at one end, that can be driven into the ground, eg to support a young tree, as a post for a fence, etc or as a marker 桩; 标桩.  2 the stake [sing] (formerly) post to which a person was tied before being burnt to death as a punishment （旧时的）火刑柱: be burnt at the stake 以火刑处死 * go to the stake, ie be killed in this way 处以火刑.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, etc risked or gambled on the unknown result of a future event (eg a race, a card-game) 赌注: playing for high stakes 下大赌注.  4 money, etc invested by sb in an enterprise so that he has an interest or share in it 投资; 投放的本钱: have a stake in a company 在一家公司有股份 * She has a stake in the future success of the business. 她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利.  5 stakes (a) [pl] prize money, esp in a horse-race 奖金（尤指赛马的）. (b) (usu 通常作 Stakes) [sing v] (esp in names) horse-race in which all the owners of the horses in the race contribute to the prize money （尤用於名称中）有奖赛马（参赛马的马主均须捐款用作奖金）: The Newmarket Stakes is always a popular race. 纽马基特赛马总是吸引很多人.  6 (idm 习语) at stake to be won or lost; being risked, depending on the outcome of an event 在胜败关头; 冒风险: This decision puts our lives at stake. 这麽一决定, 我们的生命就吉凶难卜了. * Our children's education is at stake. 我们孩子的教育好坏无法预料. go to the stake over sth maintain (an opinion, a principle, etc) at any cost 不惜一切代价地坚持（观点、 原则等）: I think I'm right on this issue but I wouldn't go to the stake over it. 我认为我在这个问题上是正确的, 但我并不想拚命坚持这一点.
stake 
v  1 [Tn] support (sth) with a stake 用桩支撑（某物）: stake newly planted trees 用桩支撑新栽的树.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) gamble or risk (money, one's hopes, one's life, etc) on sth 拿（金钱、 希望、 生命等）就某事物打赌或冒险: stake 5 on the favourite, eg in a horse-race 在那个大热门（如赛马中的某匹马）上压5英镑 * I'd stake my life on it, ie I'm very confident about it. 我敢拿性命来担保.  3 [Tn] (US infml 口) give financial or other support to (sb/sth) 资助, 支持（某人[某事物]）: stake a business 资助一家公司.  4 (idm 习语) stake (out) a/one's `claim (to sb/sth) (a) mark out (a piece of land, etc) as one's own (esp formerly when arriving in a new country or area) 划（一块土地等）归为己有（尤指旧时初到某国或某地时）. (b) declare a special interest (in sb/sth); claim a right (to sb/sth) 声称（与某人[某事物]）有特殊关联; 提出（对某人[某事物]的）所有权要求: Several clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer. 有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人.  5 (phr v) stake sth out (a) mark (an area) with stakes (esp formerly to claim ownership) 用桩标出（地）界（尤指旧时用以表明所有权）. (b) declare a special interest in or right to (eg an area of study, a place) 声称对（研究领域、 地方等）有特殊关联或所有权: He's staked out this part of the house as his own. 他说屋子的这一部分归他所有. (c) (infml 口 esp US) (of the police) watch (a place) continuously and secretly （指警方）持续监视（某处）: Detectives have been staking out the house for two days now. 警方的侦查人员已对这座房子监视两天了.
stake-out 
n (infml 口 esp US) (a) continuous secret watch by the police; surveillance （警方的）监视. (b) area or house being watched in this way 受警方监视的地方或房子.
stalactite
/ 5stlEktaIt; ?@ stE5lAktaIt; stE`lAktaIt/ n icicle-shaped formation of lime hanging from the roof ofa cave, formed by the steady dripping of water containingminerals 钟乳石; 石钟乳; 石乳.
stalagmite
/ 5stlEgmaIt; ?@ stE5lAgmaIt; stE`lA^maIt/ n formation of lime extending upwards like a pillar from the floor of a cave as water from a stalactite drips onto it 石笋. =>illus at stalactite 见 stalactite 插图.
stale
/ steIl; stel/ adj  1 (esp of food) smelling or tasting unpleasant, mouldy or dry, because no longer fresh （尤指食物）不新鲜的, 走味的, 带霉味的, 乾瘪的: stale biscuits, bread, cake, beer 不新鲜的饼乾、 面包、 糕饼、 啤酒 * the smell of stale cigarette smoke 陈旧香烟的烟味.  2 no longer interesting because heard, done, etc too often before; not new 因陈旧而乏味的; 过时的: stale news, jokes, ideas 老掉牙的消息、 笑话、 思想 * Her performance has become stale. 她的表演没有新意了.  3 (of athletes, musicians, performers, etc) no longer able to perform well because of too much training, playing, practice, etc （指运动员、 音乐工作者、 表演者等）（因训练、 演奏、 练习等过度）疲沓的.
stale 
v [I] become stale 变得不新鲜; 走味; 失去新意; 变得疲沓: The pleasure I get from listening to such music never stales. 这种音乐我百听不厌.
staleness 
n [U].
stalemate
/ 5steIlmeIt; `stel9met/ n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数]  1 position of the pieces in the game of chess in which the player whose move it is cannot move without putting his king in check （国际象棋中的）僵局, 和棋（一方只能移动王棋以摆脱困境）.  2 stage of a dispute, contest, etc at which further action or discussion by either side seems to be impossible; deadlock 僵持阶段; 僵局: Negotiations have reached (a) stalemate. 谈判陷入了僵局.
stalemate 
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] bring (sb/sth) to a position of stalemate 使（某人[某事物]）陷入僵局.
stalk
/ stR:k; stRk/ n  1 main stem of a plant (not a tree) （植物的）茎, 秆: daffodils with long stalks 茎很长的水仙花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.  2 stem that supports a leaf, flower or fruit and joins it to another part of the plant 叶柄; 花梗; 果实的柄: Remove the stalks from the cherries before you eat them. 吃樱桃前要先把梗儿去掉.  3 thin structure supporting a part or organ in some animals （某些动物的）肉柄, 肉茎.  4 (idm 习语) have one's eyes on stalks => eye1.
stalk
/ stR:k; stRk/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] walk with slow stiff strides, esp in a proud, self-important or threatening way 踱著方步走（尤指显出高傲、 自命不凡或盛气凌人的样子）: He stalked angrily out of the room. 他悻悻然踱出了房间. * stalk along (the road) （在路上）得意地踱著方步. (b) [Ipr, Tn] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (of an evil force, disease, etc) move silently and threateningly (through a place) （指邪恶势力、 疾病等）悄悄而可怕地（在某地）蔓延: Fear stalks (through) the town at night. 入夜後, 镇上笼罩著恐怖的气氛. * Ghosts are said to stalk the castle walls. 据说有鬼魂在这座城堡的墙上出没.  2 [Tn] move quietly and slowly towards (wild animals, etc) in order to get near without being seen 偷偷接近, 潜近（野生动物等）: stalking deer 偷偷接近鹿 * (fig 比喻) a rapist stalking his victim 悄悄逼近攻击对象的强奸者.
stalker 
n person who stalks animals 用潜近法猎捕动物的人.
stall
/ stR:l; stRl/ n  1 [C] compartment, usu with three sides, for one animal in a stable or cattle shed 牲畜棚中的一栏（通常三面有墙）.  2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) table, stand or small open-fronted shop from which things are sold in a market, on a street, in a railway station, etc 摊位; 铺子; 售货亭: a `bookstall at the station 车站的书亭 * a `fruit stall in the market 菜场里的水果摊儿 * run a `cake stall at the bazaar 在市场中经营糕饼铺子.  3 stalls [pl] (Brit) (set of seats in) the part of a theatre that is nearest to the stage （戏院的）正厅前排（座位）: two seats in the stalls 两个前排座位 * laughter from the stalls 前排观众发出的笑声. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.  4 [C] any of several fixed seats, usu with its back and sides enclosed, in the choir or chancel of a church （教堂内）唱诗班席位; （高坛上的）牧师座位: the canon's `stall 牧师的座位 * the `choir stalls 唱诗班席位.  5 [C] any small room or compartment, usu for one person 小房间, 小隔间（通常 指供单人使用的）: stalls for changing in at the swimming-pool 游泳池的更衣间.  6 [C] (instance of the) stalling of an aircraft or engine; condition resulting from this （飞行器失速造成的）失控下降; （发动机的）熄火: go into/get out of a stall 进入[脱离]失控下降状态.  7 [C] = finger-stall (finger).
stall 
v  1 [Tn] place or keep (an animal) in a stall(1), esp for fattening 将（动物）关在栏内（尤指为了养肥）.  2 (a) [I] (of an engine) stop suddenly because of insufficient power or speed （指发动机因力量或速度不够）熄火: The car stalled at the roundabout. 那辆汽车在环形交叉处抛锚了. (b) [I, Tn] (of a driver) cause (an engine) to do this （指司机）使（发动机）熄火: Learner drivers often stall (their cars). 见习司机常造成（汽车）熄火现象.  3 (a) [I] (of an aircraft) get out of control and start to drop because of loss of speed （指飞行器）（因失速）失控下降: The plane stalled suddenly. 那飞机突然失控下降. (b) [I, Tn] (of a pilot) cause (an aircraft) to do this （指飞行器驾驶员）造成（飞行器）失控下降.  4 (a) [I] avoid giving a definite answer or taking action (in order to get more time); delay 支吾, 拖延（以争取时间）: stall for time 拖延时间 * Stop stalling and give me an answer! 别支支吾吾的了, 快回答我的问题! (b) [Tn] avoid answering (a person, request, etc) in this way 对（某人、 某要求等）支吾或敷衍: stall one's creditors 敷衍债主.
stall-holder 
n person who rents or owns and runs a stall in a market, etc 摊主; 铺子的主人; 售货亭主人.
stallion
/ 5stAlIEn; `stAljEn/ n fully grown male horse thathas not been castrated, esp one used for breeding 牡马（尤指种马）. Cf 参看 colt1, gelding (geld), mare1 1.
stalwart
/ 5stR:lwEt; `stRlwLt/ adj  1 (dated or fml 旧或文) (of a person) strong and sturdy （指人）强壮的, 健壮的, 结实的: a boxer of stalwart build 体格强壮的拳击手.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] dependable, firm and loyal 坚定的; 忠实的: one of the team's most stalwart supporters 这支运动队最坚定的支持者之一 * give the team stalwart support 忠实地支持那支运动队.
stalwart 
n loyal supporter (of a political party, etc) （政党等的）忠实拥护者, 坚定分子: rally the stalwarts of the party 把这个党的坚定分子团结起来.
stalwartly 
adv.
stalwartness 
n [U].
stamen
/ 5steImEn; `stemEn/ n (botany 植) any of the small thin male parts in the middle of a flower that produce pollen 雄蕊.
stamina
/ 5stAmInE; `stAmEnE/ n [U] ability to endure much physical or mental strain; long-lasting energy and resilience; staying-power 精力; 耐力; 韧劲: Marathon runners need plenty of stamina. 参加马拉松长跑要有耐力. * He doesn't have the stamina to be a teacher. 他没有当教师的精力.
stammer
/ 5stAmE(r); `stAmL/ v  1 (also stutter) [I] speak with sudden pauses and a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable (because of a speech defect or from fear, excitement, etc) 口吃; 结巴著说话: `G-g-give me that b-b-book,' said Henry, unable to stop stammering. ｀给、 给、 给我那本、 本、 本书,＇亨利结结巴巴地说.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in this way 结巴著说某事: `G-g-goodb-b-bye,' she stammered. 她结结巴巴地说出: ｀再、 再、 再见、 见、 见.＇ * stammer out a request 结结巴巴地提出请求.
stammer 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) tendency to stammer 口吃; 结巴: speak with a stammer 说话结巴 * He's always had a slight stammer. 他一向有点儿口吃. (b) stammering speech 结巴的言语.
stammerer 
/ 5stAmErE(r); `stAmErL/ n person who stammers 口吃的人; 结巴.
stammeringly 
/ 5stAmErINlI; `stAmErINlI/ adv.
stamp
/ stAmp; stAmp/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a]~ sth (down) put (one's foot) down heavily on (the ground, etc); flatten (sth) by doing this 重重地踩在（地面等）上; 跺; 踏平, 踩扁（某物）: He stamped (his foot) in anger. 他气得直跺脚. * stamping the ground to keep warm 跺脚使身体暖和 * She stamped the soil (flat/down) round the plant. 她把那株植物周围的土踩（平[实]）了.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk with loud heavy steps 迈著很重的步子走; 跺著脚走: Don't stamp, you'll wake everyone up. 脚步别这麽重, 会把大家都吵醒的. * stamp about 跺著脚到处走 * stamp out of a room 迈著沉重的步子走出房间 * stamp upstairs 脚步重重地走上楼.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on B); ~ B (with A) print (a design, the date, lettering, etc) on paper, cloth or some other surface; mark (paper, etc) with a design, an official seal, etc 在纸、 布或其他物体表面印上（图案、 日期、 文字等）; 在（纸等）的上面盖图案、 公章等: They didn't stamp my passport. 我的护照上没盖章. * The librarian forgot to stamp my library books, ie with the date on which they should be returned. 图书管理员忘了在我借的书上盖日期了. * stamp one's name and address on an envelope/stamp an envelope with one's name and address 把自己的姓名地址盖在信封上 * crates of oranges stamped with the exporter's trademark 印有出口商牌子的装著橙子的板条箱.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] stick a postage stamp or some other stamp on (a letter, etc) 在（信）上贴邮票; 贴其他的票於（某物）: I enclose a stamped addressed envelope for your reply. 兹附上贴有邮票并写好地址的回邮信封.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (from sth) cut and shape (metal, etc) into pieces by striking it with a specially shaped tool or cutter 冲压（金属等）: a machine for stamping out engine parts 冲压发动机部件的机器.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (on sb/sth) (fig 比喻) impress or fix sth permanently 使某事物铭记或牢固附著: stamp one's personality/authority on a game, ie as an outstanding player 把自己的特长[权威性]带到某项运动中（因技艺超群） * The date is stamped on her memory forever. 那个日子她永志不忘.  7 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb as sth give a certain character to sb; mark sb out as sth 赋予某人以某特徵; 表明某人为...: This achievement stamps her as a genius. 这一成就已足见她是个天才.  8 (phr v) stamp sth off (sth) remove sth by stamping with the foot 跺掉某物: stamped the mud off their shoes （他们）把鞋上的泥跺掉. stamp on sth (a) crush sth by bringing one's foot down heavily on it 将某物踩扁、 踩碎或踩烂: stamp on a spider 踩死一只蜘蛛. (b) control or suppress sth, esp by force; quell sth 控制或压制某事物（尤指用武力）; 镇压; 平息: The rebellion was soon stamped on by the army. 军队很快平息了叛乱. stamp sth out (a) extinguish (a fire, etc) by stamping 踩灭（火等）: stamp out the embers of the camp fire 把篝火的余烬踏灭. (b) eliminate, destroy or suppress sth, esp by force or vigorous action 消除、 毁灭或压制某事物（尤指用武力或积极行动）: stamp out terrorism, a rebellion, an epidemic disease 剪除恐怖活动、 镇压叛乱、 消灭流行病.
stamping-ground 
n (infml 口) place where a particular person or animal may usually be found; favourite place or haunt （某人或某动物）常在的地方, 经常出没之处: one of my old stamping-grounds 我常去的一个老地方.
stamp
/ stAmp; stAmp/ n  1 small piece of paper (usu rectangular, with perforated edges) with an official design on it, stuck on an envelope or a parcel or a document to show that postage or duty or some other fee has been paid 邮票; 印花: an 18p stamp 18便士的邮票 * a book of (postage) stamps 一本邮票 * I'd like three first-class stamps, please. 请给我三张第一类邮件的邮票. * collecting stamps, ie as a hobby 集邮 * [attrib 作定语]a stamp collection 收集的邮票.  2 (also `trading stamp) similar piece of paper given to customers with purchases,exchangeable for various articles or goods 酬宾赠物票.  3 instrument with which a design, mark, etc is stamped on a surface 印章; 图章: a rubber stamp, ie one on which a design, words, etc are cut, used for printing dates, signatures, addresses, etc 橡皮图章.  4 design, word(s), etc made by stamping on a surface 印记; 戳记: Have you got any stamps in your passport? 你的护照盖印了吗?  5 act or sound of stamping with the foot 跺脚; 跺脚声: give a stamp of impatience 不耐烦地跺脚.  6 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml fig 文, 比喻) characteristic mark or quality 特点; 特质; 烙印: She bears the stamp of genius. 她有天才的特质. * His face bears the stamp of suffering. 他的脸上有饱经苦难的烙印. * Their story has the stamp of truth, ie seems very likely to be true. 他们说的这事儿看来是真的.  7 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml fig 文, 比喻) kind; class; sort 种类; 类型: men of a different stamp 另一类的人.
stamp album 
special book in which a stamp-collector keeps his stamps 集邮簿.
stamp-collecting 
n [U] collecting postage stamps as objects of interest or value 集邮. 
stamp-collector 
n person who does this 集邮的人.
stamp-duty 
n tax imposed on certain types of legal documents (on which an official stamp is put to show that the tax has been paid) 印花税.
stampede
/ stAm5pi:d; stAm`pid/ n  1 sudden rush of frightened animals （指动物的）惊逃, 乱窜.  2 sudden wild rush or mass movement of people （指人）突然的大规模移动, 蜂拥: There was a stampede towards the stage when the singer appeared. 歌手出现时观众向台前涌去.  3 (in Canada) form of entertainment in which cowboys display their skill at handling animals; rodeo （加拿大的）牧人竞技表演: the Calgary Stampede 卡尔加里牧人竞技会.
stampede 
v  1 (a) [I] (of animals or people) take part in a stampede （指动物或人）惊逃, 蜂拥: The cattle stampeded towards the farm. 受惊的牛群向牧场涌去. (b) [Tn] cause (esp animals) to do this 使（尤指动物）惊逃.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to rush into rash or unreasonable action 使某人冲动行事或失去理智: Don't be stampeded into buying the house. 不要一时冲动买下这所房子.
stance
/ stAns or, in British use, 英式英语读作 stB:ns; stAns/ n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 person's position or way of standing (esp in sports such as cricket, golf, etc when preparing to hit the ball); pose 站立姿势（尤指板球、 高尔夫球等运动中准备击球的）; 姿势.  2 ~ (on sth) moral or intellectual attitude (to sth); standpoint （对某事物的）姿态, 态度; 观点; 立场: He maintains a rigidly right-wing political stance. 他坚持僵硬的右派政治立场. * What is your stance on corporal punishment? 你对体罚持什麽态度? Cf 参看 posture.
stanch
/ stB:ntF; ?@ stAntF; stAntF/ (also staunch/stR:ntF; stRntF/) v [Tn] (a) stop the flow of (esp blood) 止住（尤指血）的流出: stanch the bleeding 止血. (b) stop or control the flow of blood from (a wound) 止住或控制（受伤处）的流血: stanch a cut 止住伤口的血.
stanchion
/ 5stAnFEn; ?@ 5stAntFEn; `stAntFEn/ n upright bar or post forming a support 支撑用的杆或柱; 支柱.
stand
/ stAnd; stAnd/ n  1 [sing] stationary condition; halt or standstill 停止的状态; 中止; 停顿: come to a stand 停下来.  2 [sing] position taken up; act or instance of standing 立脚点; 站立: He took his stand (ie stood) near the window. 他站在窗旁.  3 [C] (period of time of) resistance to attack 抵抗; 抵御; 抵抗时期: the rebels' last stand 叛乱者的最後抵抗 * a stand of sixty days 六十天的抵抗.  4 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) small piece of furniture (eg a rack, pedestal, frame, etc) on or in which sth may be placed （置物的）架, 座, 台: a `hat/an um`brella/a `coat stand 帽[伞/衣]架 * a `cake stand 糕饼架 * a `music-stand, ie for supporting sheet music while it is being played 乐谱架.  5 [C] (a) structure (eg a table or kiosk) from which goods are sold; stall 货摊; 售货亭: a `news-stand 报摊 * a market stand 集市的货摊. (b) area or structure where things are displayed, exhibited, advertised, etc 摊位（用於陈列、 展览、 宣传等目的的）: one of the stands at a book fair 书展中的一个摊位.  6 [C] place where vehicles may stand in a line in a street, etc while waiting for passengers （街道等处的）车辆候客处: a `taxi-stand 计程车站 * a stand for six taxis 有六个车位的计程车候客处.  7 [C often pl 常作复数] large, usu sloping, structure at a sports ground, racecourse etc, with rows of seats for spectators 看台: A cheer rose from the south stand(s). 南看台上响起一片欢呼声. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association)插图. Cf 参看 grandstand (grand).  8 [C] stop made for a performance by a touring theatrical company, pop group, etc （巡回演出的剧团、 流行乐乐队等的）停留演出: a series of ,one-night `stands 演一晚换一处的巡回演出.  9 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (US) witness-box (in a lawcourt) ��W证人席: take the stand 作证.  10 (idm 习语) make a stand (against/for sth/sb) be ready to resist, fight, argue, etc 准备抵抗、 格斗、 争论等: make a stand against the enemy 摆开架势迎击敌人 * make a stand for one's principles 准备为维护自己的原则而争斗. take a/one's stand (on sth) declare one's position, opinion, etc (on sth) 宣布（对某事物的）立场、 意见等; 表明态度: She took a firm stand on nuclear disarmament. 她在核裁军的问题上态度很坚决.
stand
/ stAnd; stAnd/ v (pt, pp stood / stUd; stJd/) * UPRIGHT POSITION OR EXTENSION 直立的姿势或状态  1 [I] have, take or keep an upright position 站立; 直立; 站著: She was too weak to stand. 她虚弱得站不起来. * A chair will not stand on two legs. 椅子只用两条腿著地是立不住的. * Don't stand there arguing about it. 不要站在那儿争论这件事. * Stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时, 站著不要动. * After the bombing only a few houses were left standing. 轰炸之後, 只剩下几所房子没倒塌.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) rise to one's feet 起立; 站起来: Everyone stood (up) when the Queen entered. 女王进来时大家都站起来了. * We stood (up) to see better. 我们站了起来, 好看得清楚些. * Stand up, please! 请起立!  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put (sth/sb) in an upright position; place 使（某物[某人]）直立; 放置: Don't stand cans of petrol near the fire. 不要把汽油罐放在近火处. * Stand the ladder (up/upright) against the wall. 把梯子竖起来靠在墙上. * I stood the child on a stool so that she could reach the shelf. 我把孩子抱到凳子上, 她就能够到那架子了.  4 [In/pr] have a specified height 高度为...: He stands six foot two. 他身高六英尺二英寸. * The tower stands fifty metres. 这座塔高五十米.  * BEING OR REMAINING IN A PLACE OR CONDITION 处於某地方或某状况  5 [I] be in a certain place; be situated 在某处; 位於: a clock standing on the sideboard 在餐具柜上的钟 * A tall poplar tree once stood here. 这儿曾经有过一棵高大的白杨树. * (fig 比喻) Where do you stand (ie What is your opinion) on these issues? 对这些问题你有什麽看法?  6 [I] (of a vehicle, etc) remain in the same place （指车辆等）停著: a train standing in the station 停在车站里的火车 * The car stood at the traffic lights for a few moments, then moved off. 那辆汽车在交通灯前停了一会儿, 然後驶去了.  7 [I] remain unchanged; remain valid ��W维持原状; 保持效力: Let the words stand. 不要改动这些字. * The agreement must stand, ie cannot be altered or cancelled. 这合约决不能动. * My offer still stands. 我提出的愿效劳的想法仍然未变.  8 (a) [La, Ln, I] be in a certain condition or situation 处於某种状态或情形: The house has stood empty for months. 那所房子空了几个月了. * The emergency services stand (ie are) ready to help if necessary. 紧急救难处随时可以驰援. * She stood convicted of fraud. 她被判犯有诈骗罪. * I stand corrected, ie accept that I was mistaken and that the person who corrected me is right. 我接受指正. * She stands high in the esteem of (ie is greatly respected by) her colleagues. 她深受同事的尊敬. * (fml 文) Will you stand (ie be) godmother to the child? 你愿意做这个孩子的教母吗? * As things stand, there is little chance of a settlement in the dispute. 就目前情况看, 解决这一纠纷的希望不大. (b) [Ipr] ~ at sth be at a certain level, point of a scale, etc 处於某水平; 指向某一点: The clock stands at ten to four. 那个钟上的时间是三点五十分. * The fund stands at 500, ie there is 500 in it. 这项基金有500英镑.  9 [It] be in a situation where one is likely to do sth 看情形很可能做某事: stand to win, lose, gain, etc 很可能赢、 输、 获利等 * You stand to make a lot of money from this deal. 你做这笔交易准能赚很多钱.  10 [I] (of a liquid, mixture, etc) remain still; not flow or be disturbed （指液体、 混合料等）处於静止状态, 不流动: standing pools of rainwater 一汪汪下雨积的水 * Mix the batter and let it stand for twenty minutes. 和好面糊, 搁二十分钟.  * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义  11 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tt, Tg, Tsg] (esp in negative sentences and in questions, with can/could; not in the continuous tenses 尤用於否定句和疑问句中, 与can/could连用, 不用於进行时态) endure sth/sb; bear 忍受某事物; 容忍某人的行为; 经受得起: He can't stand hot weather. 他受不住炎热的天气. * My nerves won't stand the strain much longer. 这麽紧张, 我的神经快吃不消了. * She says she will stand no nonsense, ie will not put up with foolish behaviour. 她说她决不容忍荒唐的行为. * I can't stand (ie I strongly dislike) him. 我对他忍无可忍. * She couldn't stand to be told what to do. 她不容别人指使她. * He can't stand being kept waiting. 让他等著, 他可不干. * I can't stand him interrupting all the time. 他老是插嘴, 真让我受不了.  12 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.n] provide (sth) for sb at one's own expense 自己付钱向某人提供（某物）: stand drinks all round, ie pay for drinks for everyone 请大家喝饮料 * She was kind enough to stand us a meal. 她慷慨地请我们吃了顿饭.  13 (esp Brit) (also esp US run) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) be a candidate in an election 任候选人: She stood unsuccessfully in the local elections. 她在地方选举中落选了. * stand for parliament 为议会议员候选人 * stand for President 参加总统竞选.  14 [I, Ipr, Ip] (nautical 海) steer a specified course in a ship （船航行时）取某航向: stand westward (for the island) 向西（朝著那个岛）航行.  15 (idm 习语) stand well, etc with sb have a specified type of relationship with sb 与某人相处得...: Do you stand well with your boss? 你同上司相处得好吗? * I don't know how I stand with her. 我不知道她对我有什麽看法. (For other idioms containing stand, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与stand搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 stand trial (for sth) => trial; stand fast => fast2.)  16 (phr v) stand a`side (a) move to one side 站到一边去; 让开: stand aside to let sb pass 站在一边让某人通过. (b) take no part in events; do nothing 不参与; 不行动; 不做事: Don't stand aside and let others do all the work. 不要什麽都不干, 事情都让别人做. (c) withdraw, eg as a candidate in an election 退出（如竞选中）: stand aside in favour of another applicant 退出而有利於另一候选人.
stand back (from sth) 
(a) move back 退後; 向後站: The policeman ordered us to stand back. 警察命令我们向後退. (b) be situated away from sth 位於与某物有一段距离的地方: The house stands back a little (from the road). 那房子离公路有一段距离.
stand by 
(a) be present but not do anything 袖手旁观: How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that? 他那样虐待他那只狗, 你怎麽能袖手旁观呢? (b) be ready for action 准备行动: The troops are standing by. 部队正严阵以待. stand by sb support or help sb 支持或援助某人: I'll stand by you whatever happens. 无论如何, 我都支持你. stand by sth be faithful to (a promise,etc) 信守（承诺等）; 遵守: She still stands by every word she said. 她仍然信守自己说的每一句话.
stand down 
(a) (of a witness) leave the witness-box in a lawcourt after giving evidence （指证人）（作证後）退出证人席. (b) withdraw (eg as a candidate in an election); resign from one's position 退出（如竞选中）; 退职: The President has stood down after five years in office. 总统执政五年後已经引退. stand (sb) `down (military 军) (order sb to) relax after an alert （命令某人）解除戒备状态: The troops (were) stood down: it was a false alarm. 部队解除了戒备状态, 原来是虚惊一场.
stand for sth 
(a) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be an abbreviation of sth 为某事物的缩略形式: What does`T. G.' stand for in `T. G. Smith'? 在T. G. Smith中的T. G. 是哪两个字的缩写? (b) (no passive 不用於被动语态) represent sth 代表某事物: I condemn fascism and all it stands for. 我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切.(c) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be in favour of sth; support sth 赞同、 支持或主张某事物: a party that stands for racial tolerance 主张种族间互谅互让的政党. (��Bd) (infml 口) tolerate 容忍; 忍受: I won't stand for this insolence. 我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为.
stand in (for sb) 
take sb's place; deputize 代替某人; 代表: My assistant will stand in for me while I'm away. 我不在的时候我的助手将代表我处理事务. * Another man stands in for the big star in the dangerous scenes. 拍摄危险的场景时, 这位大明星有个替身.
stand out (from/against sth) 
be easily seen; be noticeable 突出; 显眼: bright lettering that stands out well from/against a dark background 由深色地衬托出很醒目的字. stand `out (from sb/sth) be much better than sb/sth 远远超过某人[某事物]: Her work stands out from the rest as easily the best. 她的工作成绩远比其他人都好. stand `out (against sth) continue to resist 坚持抵抗: We managed to stand out against all attempts to close the company down. 我们竭力顶住了要关闭公司的一切作法. stand out for sth (infml 口) delay reaching an agreement in order to get what one wants 拖延而暂不达成协议以期达到某目的: The nurses have been offered an extra 5%, but they're standing out for a 7% pay rise. 当局答应给护士增加5%的工资, 但她们坚持要得到7%的增幅.
stand over sb 
supervise or watch sb closely 严密监督或监视某人: Don't stand over me while I am cooking. 我做饭的时候别盯着我. * I hate to have my boss standing over me. 我不喜欢上司监督我.
stand (sb) to 
(order soldiers to) take up positions against an attack （命令士兵）进入阵地备战.
stand sb up 
(infml 口) fail to keep an appointment with sb 未如约与某人见面: First she agreed to come out with me, then she stood me up. 她先是同意跟我出去, 後来又爽约了. stand up for sb/sth speak, work, etc in favour of sb/sth; support sb/sth 为某人[某事物]说话、 工作等; 支持某人[某事物]: Always stand up for your friends. 要永远维护朋友的利益. * You must stand up for your rights. 你一定要维护自己的权利. stand `up (to sth) withstand (a test, etc) 经得起（考验等）: Your argument just won't stand up (to close scrutiny). 你的论点经不起（仔细）推敲. stand up to sb resist sb 对抗某人: It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies. 她挺身反抗那些恃强欺弱的人, 真勇敢. stand up to sth (of materials, products, etc) remain in good condition in spite of (hard wear, etc) （指材料、 产品等）经得起（磨损等）: Will this car stand up to winter conditions here? 这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗? * This cloth is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear. 这种布料十分耐用.
stand-by 
n (pl -bys)  1 person or thing available as a substitute or in an emergency 後备人员; 备用的事物: Aspirin is a good stand-by for headaches. 阿司匹林是必备的头痛良药. * [attrib 作定语] a stand-by ticket, ie a cheaper type of airline ticket available when not all the tickets for a flight have been sold 剩余机票（因未事先售出而价廉）.  2 (idm 习语) on `stand-by in a state of readiness 待命状态: The troops are on 24-hour stand-by, ie ready to move within 24 hours of receiving the order. 部队待命24小时（接到命令後24小时内可行动）.
stand-in 
n person who acts as a deputy for or in place of sb else, esp one who takes the part of an actor in dangerous scenes 替代者; （尤指演员做危险动作的）替身.
stand-off half (also `fly-half) 
one of the half-backs in Rugby football （英式橄榄球的）外侧前卫.
stand-offish 
adj cold and distant in behaviour; reserved; aloof 冷漠的; 冷淡的; 矜持的. 
stand-offishly
adv. 
stand-offishness 
n [U].
stand-up 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of a meal) eaten while standing （指饭）站着吃的.  2 (of a comedian) giving a performance which consists of standing in front of an audience and telling a series of jokes （指喜剧演员）说单口相声的: a stand-up comic 单口相声演员.  3 (of a fight, disagreement, etc) direct and violent （指打斗、 争吵等）直接而激烈的: I had a stand-up row with my boss today. 今天我跟上司大吵了一顿.
stand-pipe
/ 5stAndpaIp; `stAnd9paIp/ n vertical pipe connected to a main water supply and used to provide water outside or at a distance from buildings 竖管（向建筑物外供水用的）.
standard
/ 5stAndEd; `stAndLd/ n  1 thing used as a test or measure for weights, lengths, quality, purity, etc 标准; 水准; 规格; 规范: the standard of height required for recruits to the police force 加入警察队伍的身高标准 * an international standard of weight 国际重量标准 * the monetary standard, ie the proportions of fine metal and alloy in gold and silver coins （金银币的）法定成分 * People were very poor then, by today's standards, ie compared with people today. 以今天的标准而言, 那时候的人很穷.  2 (often pl 常作复数) required, expected or accepted level of quality （要求的或认可的）水平, 水准: a restaurant with a low standard of hygiene 卫生水准低的餐馆 * a high moral standard 很高的道德水准 * set low standards of behaviour 定下很低的行为标准 * conform to the standards of society, ie live and behave in a way that is acceptable to others in society 符合社会的规范.  3 (a) average quality 平均质量: The standard of her work is high. 她的工作质量很高. (b) specified level of proficiency 熟练程度; 业务水平: His work does not reach the standard required. 他的工作成绩达不到要求.  4 (a) distinctive ceremonial flag, esp one to which loyalty is given （礼仪性的）旗, 旗帜（尤指效忠的对象）: the royal standard 王旗. (b) carved figure, image, etc fixed to a pole and carried (esp formerly) by an army going into battle 军队（尤指旧时）作战时用的标竿（顶端有雕像等）: a Roman standard 罗马军队的标竿.  5 upright pole or stand, esp one used as a support 直立的柱子或台座; （尤指）支柱, 基座.  6 tree or shrub that has been grafted on an upright stem (contrasted with a bush or climbing plant) 嫁接於直干上的树或无主茎灌木（与灌木丛或攀缘植物相对而言）: [attrib 作定语] standard roses 嫁接在树干上的玫瑰.  7 (idm 习语) be up to/below `standard be equal to/not so good as what is normal, required, etc 达到[未达到]标准: Their work is not up to standard. 他们的工作成绩不够标准.
standard 
adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 serving as, used as or conforming to a standard(1) 标准的; 符合标准的: standard sizes of paper, units of weight, etc 纸的标准尺寸、 标准重量单位.  2 average, normal or usual; not special or unusual 普通的; 正常的; 一般的: the standard model of a car, ie not the de luxe model, etc 普通型的汽车（非豪华型的） * This procedure is standard. 这一手续是正常的.  3 of generally recognized and accepted authority or merit 公认为权威的或优秀的: This is the standard textbook on the subject. 这是这一科的权威性课本.  4 (of spelling, pronunciation, grammar, etc) widely accepted as the usual form （指拼法、 读音、 语法等）规范的: standard English 规范的英语.
standard-bearer 
n (a) person who carries a standard(4) 旗手; 掌旗者. (b) (fig 比喻) prominent leader in a cause, esp a political one 领导人; 先行者; （尤指政治上的）旗手: a standard-bearer for women's rights 争取妇女权利的旗手.
standard lamp (US `floor lamp) 
household lamp on a tall support, with its base on the floor 落地灯.
standard of living 
level of material comfort and wealth enjoyed by a person or group 生活水平: They have/enjoy a high standard of living. 他们生活水平很高. * The standard of living in our country is lower than in yours. 我国的生活水平低於贵国.
standard time 
time officially adopted for a country or part of it 标准时间.
standardize, standardise
/ 5stAndEdaIz; `stAndLd9aIz/ v [Tn] make (sth) conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc 使（某事物）标准化或合乎规格: an attempt to standardize spelling 统一拼字法的设想 * Car parts are usually standardized. 汽车部件一般都是统一规格的.
standardization, standardisation 
/ stAndEdaI5zeIFn; ?@-dI5z-; 9stAndLdE`zeFEn/ n [U] action or process of standardizing; making regular 标准化: the problem of the standardization of the use of hyphens in compounds 复合词中连字号使用法的规范化问题.
standing
/ 5stAndIN; `stAndIN/ n [U]  1 (esp social) position or reputation; status; rank （尤指社会上的）地位, 名声, 身分, 等级: a woman of some standing in the community 在那个群体中颇有地位的女子 * a scientist of good/high standing, ie respected, eminent 有名望的科学家.  2 length of time that sth has existed; duration 持续时间: a debt, dispute, friendship of long standing 多时的欠债、 纠纷、 友谊.
standing 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (a) remaining in force or use; permanent and established 常备的; 永久的; 确立的: a standing army 常备军 * a standing committee, ie a permanent one that meets regularly 常务委员会. (b) continuing to be effective or valid 长期有效的: We have a standing invitation to visit them when we're in the area. 他们邀请我们将来到那里时去他们家做客. * a standing joke, ie sth that regularly causes amusement 永不乏味的笑料.  2 (esp sport 尤用於体育) performed without a run; done from a standing position 没有助跑的; 站著进行的: a standing start/jump 立定起跑[起跳].  3 upright 直立的; 竖直的: standing corn, ie not yet cut 地里长著的谷物.
standing order 
(a) (also ,banker's `order) customer's instruction to a bank to pay a certain amount at regular intervals (eg rent, mortgage repayments) （客户委托银行定期付款的）长期委托（如交租金、 抵押物分期付款）. (b) regular order that remains valid and does not have to be repeated 长期有效的订单: a standing order for milk, newspapers, etc 牛奶、 报纸等的长期订单.
standing ovation 
enthusiastic expression of approval by people standing up from their seats to clap 起立鼓掌: The singer got a ten-minute standing ovation. 观众起立向那位歌手鼓掌达十分钟.
standing-room 
n [U] space for people to stand in, esp in a theatre, sports ground, etc 站立的位置（尤指剧场、 运动场等中的）: There was standing-room only left in the concert hall. 音乐厅内只剩下站位了.
standpoint
/ 5stAndpRInt; `stAnd9pRInt/ n position from which things are seen and opinions are formed; point of view 立场; 立脚点; 看问题的角度: from the standpoint of the customer 从顾客的角度来说.
standstill
/ 5stAndstIl; `stAnd9stIl/ n [sing] halt; stop 停顿; 中止: be at/come to/bring sth to a standstill 处於停顿状态[使某事物陷入停顿状态] * Work is grinding to a standstill. 工作逐渐陷入停顿. * Traffic in the city is at a complete standstill. 城里的交通完全瘫痪了. * [attrib 作定语] a standstill agreement, ie one that agrees to no change, eg in rates of pay or hours of work 固定的协议（如对工资或工作时间不作变动的）.
stank
pt of stink.
stanza
/ 5stAnzE; `stAnzE/ n group of (esp rhyming) lines forming a unit in some types of poem; verse of poetry （诗歌的）节, 段（尤指押韵的）: the second stanza 诗的第二节.
staple
/ 5steIpl; `stepl/ n  1 small thin piece of bent wire that is driven into sheets of paper, etc and flattened to fasten them together 订书钉.  2 U-shaped piece of metal with pointed ends that is hammered into wood, etc to hold something (eg an electrical wire) in place U 形钉（如固定电线用的）.
staple 
v [Tn] attach or secure (sth) with a staple or staples 用订书钉或 U 形钉钉住或固定（某物）. 
stapler 
/ 5steIplE(r); `steplL/ n small hand-operated instrument for fastening papers, etc together with staples （小型手动的）订书机.
staple
/ 5steIpl; `stepl/ adj [attrib 作定语] main or principal; standard 主要的; 基本的; 标准的: the staple product of a country 一个国家的主要产品 * Rice is the staple diet in many Asian countries. 稻米是亚洲许多国家的主食. * She seems to be the staple topic of conversation at the moment. 看来她是此时的热门话题.
staple 
n (often pl 常作复数)  1 main product that a country or district trades in （某国家或地区买卖的）主要产品: Cotton is one of Egypt's staples. 棉花是埃及的主要贸易项目之一.  2 main or principal item or element (esp of a diet) 主要成分; 主要内容; （尤指）主食: Bread, potatoes and other staples continue to rise in price. 面包、 土豆及其他主食的价格继续上涨. * The weather forms the staple of their conversation. 天气状况是他们的主要话题.
star
/ stB:(r); stBr/ n  1 [C] any one of the distant bodies appearing as a point of light in the sky at night 星: a fixed star, ie one which is not a planet 恒星 * There are no stars out (ie No stars can be seen) tonight. 今晚天上没有星星.  2 [C] (astronomy 天) any large ball in outer space that is made up of gases and gives out light, such as the sun 恒星.  3 [C] (a) figure, object, decoration, etc with radiating points, suggesting a star by its shape; asterisk ()  星形图案; 星状物; 星号（即　）. (b) mark of this shape used to indicate a category of excellence （表示质量等级的）星形符号: This restaurant gets three stars in the guidebook. 这家餐馆在旅游指南中标有三颗星. * [attrib 作定语] a five-star hotel 五星级旅馆. (c) metal badge in the shape of a star, worn on certain uniforms to indicate rank （表示职衔的）星章: a sheriff's star 行政司法长官的星章.  4 [C] famous or brilliant singer, performer, sportsman, etc 明星; 健将: a tennis star 网球明星 * a film star 电影明星 * the stars of stage and screen 舞台及影视明星 * I can remember who directed the film but not who the stars (ie leading performers) were. 我记得那部片子的导演, 但是谁主演的就忘了. * [attrib 作定语] He's got the star role in the new film. 他将主演这部新片子. * an all-star cast, ie one in which the leading players are all stars 全部为明星的阵容.  5 [C] (in astrology) planet or heavenly body believed to influence a person's life, luck, personality, etc （星象学中的）命星: born under a lucky star, ie successful and happy 生来福星高照.  6 stars [pl] horoscope 星象: What do my stars say? 我的星象怎麽样? * It's written in the stars. 这是命中注定的.  7 (idm 习语) reach for the stars => reach. see `stars (infml 口) have a feeling of seeing flashes of light, esp as a result of being hit on the head 眼冒金星（尤指因头部被击所致）. thank one's lucky stars => thank.
star 
v (-rr-)  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] mark or decorate (sth) with, or as with, a star or stars, eg an asterisk to direct attention to sth on a list, etc 为（某物）标上星号; 以星形图案或星状物装饰（某物）:The starred dishes on the menu are suitable for vegetarians.菜单上标有星号的菜最宜食素者选用.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) be a star(4) (in a play, film, etc) （在戏剧、 电影等中）担任主角, 主演: taken many starring roles 多次担任主角 * She is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) present sb as a star(4); feature sb 使某人担任主角; 由某人主演: My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe. 我最喜欢的电影是玛丽莲·梦露主演的. * The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film. 这位导演想让迈克尔·凯恩主演他的新片子.
stardom 
/ 5stB:dEm; `stBrdEm/ n [U] status of being a famous actor, performer, etc 明星的身分或地位: He is being groomed (ie prepared and trained) for stardom. 他正在接受培植, 以求他日成为明星.
starless 
adj with no stars to be seen 无星光的: a starless sky/night 没有星星的天空[夜晚].
starlet 
/ 5stB:lIt; `stBrlIt/ n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) young actress who hopes to become a film star but is not yet very well known 尚未如愿成名的年轻女演员; 准明星.
starry 
/ 5stB:rI; `stBrI/ n (-ier, -iest) (a) lighted by stars 星光照耀的: a starry night 星光闪闪的夜晚. (b) shining like stars （像星一般）闪闪发光的: starry eyes 闪闪溜溜的眼睛. ,starry-`eyed adj (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) romantically enthusiastic but impractical 热情而不切实际的: He's completely starry-eyed about his new girl-friend. 他对这个新的女朋友充满了美好的幻想. * She's got some starry-eyed notion about reforming society. 她对社会改革有些异想天开的想法.
star-dust 
n [U] (imaginary twinkling dust-like substance causing a) dreamy, romantic or magic feeling 梦幻感; 浪漫的情感; 奇异的感觉; （想像中的可产生这些感觉的）虚无缥缈的物质.
starfish 
n (pl unchanged 复数不变) flattish star-shaped sea animal with five arms 海星.
star-gazer 
n (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) person who studies the stars as an astronomer or astrologer 天文学家; 星象学家. 
star-gazing 
n [U].
starlight 
n [U] light from the stars 星光: walk home by starlight 借著星光走回家.
starlit 
adj lighted by the stars 星光照耀的: a starlit scene 星光照耀的景色.
the Stars and Stripes 
the national flag of the US 星条旗（美国国旗）.
star sign 
(infml 口) any one of the 12 signs of the zodiac （黄道的）宫, 星宫: What's your star sign? 你是属什麽星座的?
star-studded 
adj featuring a lot of famous performers 明星荟萃的: a star-studded cast 明星云集的阵容.
star turn 
main item in an entertainment or a performance 主要节目: The star turn in our show tonight will be a group of Chinese acrobats. 我们今天晚上节目中最精彩的是中国杂技表演.
starboard
/ 5stB:bEd; `stBr9bord/ n [U] side of a ship or aircraft that is on the right when one is facing forward （船或飞行器的）右舷: alter course to starboard 转向右方航行 * [attrib 作定语] the starboard side of a ship 船的右侧. Cf 参看 port3.
starch
/ stB:tF; stBrtF/ n [U]  1 (a) white tasteless carbohydrate food substance found in potatoes, flour, rice, etc 淀粉. (b) food containing this 含淀粉的食物: You eat too much starch. 你吃的含淀粉的食物太多了.  2 this substance prepared in powder or other forms and used for stiffening cotton clothes, etc 粉浆: Spray starch on the shirt collars before ironing them. 熨衬衫领要先喷些粉浆再熨.
starch 
v [Tn] stiffen (clothes, etc) with starch 浆（衣服等）: starched white uniforms 浆过的白制服.
starchy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) of or like starch （似）淀粉的. (b) containing a lot of starch 含大量淀粉的: starchy food 淀粉含量高的食物.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (too) formal, stiff or conventional in manner 刻板的; 拘谨的: He's always been rather starchy. 他一向非常刻板.
stare
/ steE(r); stZr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb/sth) look (at sb/sth) with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze (in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc) （对某人[某物]）瞪著眼睛凝视, 盯著看: It's rude to stare. 盯著人看是没有礼貌的. * They all stared in/with amazement. 他们都惊讶得瞪大了眼睛. * Do you like being stared at? 你愿意人家盯著你看吗? * She was staring into the distance/into space. 她凝视著远方. * He was staring out over the fields. 他目不转睛地看著外面的田野.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb/sth) (of the eyes) be wide open with a fixed gaze （指眼睛）睁大注视: He gazed at the scene with staring eyes. 他瞪大眼睛注视著这场面. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1.3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth bring or force sb into a specified condition by staring 瞪著某人使其做出某种反应: She stared him into silence. 她把他盯得不吭声了.4 (idm 习语) be staring sb in the `face be directly in front of sb; be obvious, easy or clear 就在某人眼前; 十分明显、 容易或清楚: The book I was looking for was staring me in the face. 我找的书其实就在我面前. * Defeat was staring them in the face, ie seemed certain. 他们眼看著就要失败了. * The answer to his problem was staring him in the face. 他那个问题的答案是明摆著的. make sb `stare surprise or astonish sb 使某人惊愕. stark raving/staring mad => stark.  5 (phr v) stare sb down/out stare at sb until he feels forced to lower his eyes or turn away 逼视某人直至他不敢对视下去; 以目光镇慑某人: The two children were having a competition to see who could stare the other out. 两个孩子在较量, 看谁能把对方瞪得受不了.
stare 
n long fixed gaze; staring look 凝视; 注视;瞪; 盯: give sb a rude stare 不礼貌地瞪某人一眼 * We received a number of curious stares from passers-by. 过路人向我们投来好奇的目光. * with a vacant stare, ie suggesting an empty mind 茫然凝视著 * with a glassy stare, ie suggesting indifference 带著漠不关心的眼神.
stark
/ stB:k; stBrk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) desolate and bare; grim; cheerless 荒凉的; 光秃秃的; 空落落的; 阴郁的: stark prison conditions 监狱中一无所有的状况 * The landscape was grey and stark. 景色灰暗荒凉. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] plain and unadorned 朴实的; 无装饰的: the stark facts 毫无遮掩的事实.  2 clearly obvious to the eye or the mind 显而易见的; 明摆著的; 鲜明的: in stark contrast 成鲜明对比.  3 [attrib 作定语]complete; utter; downright 完全的; 十足的: stark madness彻底的疯狂.
stark 
adv  1 completely; entirely 完全地; 十足地: stark naked/crazy/mad 赤裸裸的[荒唐之极的/彻底疯狂的].  2 (idm 习语) ,stark raving/staring `mad completely mad 完全疯的.
starkers 
/ 5stB:kEz; `stBrkLz/ adj [pred 作表语] (Brit infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) completely naked 赤身裸体: We saw him running down the road starkers. 我们看见他一丝不挂地沿著街跑.
starkly 
adv: It soon became starkly evident that... 不久, 情况就完全明朗了, 原来... * The black rocks stood out starkly against the sky. 那些黑色的岩石在天空衬托下十分显眼.
starkness 
n [U]: The starkness of their living conditions shocked him. 他们的生活条件一无所有, 他感到十分震惊.
starling
/ 5stB:lIN; `stBrlIN/ n type of small noisy bird with glossy black and brown-spotted feathers 椋鸟; 欧椋鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.
starry
=> star.
start
/ stB:t; stBrt/ n  1 (a) [C] beginning of a journey, an activity, a plan, a race, etc; process or act of starting 开始; 起始; 起程; 出发; 开端; 起始点: make an early start (on a journey) 早早动身 * from start to finish 自始至终 * We won't finish the job today but we'll have made a start. 这工作我们今天是做不完的, 但可以开个头. * I've written one page of my essay: it's not much but it's a start. 我的论文写了一页, 这虽然不多, 但算是开了个头了. * He knew from the start the idea was hopeless. 一开始他就知道这主意行不通. (b) the start [sing] place where a race begins 起跑线: runners lined up at the start 在起跑线上各就各位的运动员 * (fig 比喻) We're only at the start in our house-hunting. 我们找房子的事才刚刚开始.  2 [C] opportunity for, or help in, starting 开始的时机; 起推动作用的外力: give sb a fresh start 给某人一个重新开始的机会 * The money gave him just the start he needed. 这笔钱正是他起步所需要的.  3 [U, sing] (amount of) advantage gained or allowed in starting; advantageous position 起始时的领先（程度）; 起始优势; 优势地位: The smaller boys were given a start of 10 seconds in the race. 在赛跑时让年龄小的男生提早了10秒钟起跑. * They didn't give me much/any start. 他们没给我什麽[任何]优先权. * He got a good start in business. 他在生意上起步时占了很大的优势.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] sudden quick movement of surprise, fear, etc （因惊奇、 恐惧等）震动: He sat up/woke up with a start. 他一惊, 猛然坐了起来[猛然惊醒过来]. * The news gave me quite a start, ie surprised me. 这消息让我吃了一惊.  5 (idm 习语) by/in fits and starts => fit4. a false start => false. for a `start (used in an argument 用於说理) as a first point 首先: I'm not buying it  I can't afford it for a start. 我不买--起码这个价钱我就付不起. get off to a good, bad, etc `start start well, badly, etc 开始时很好、 不好等: Their marriage got off to rather a shaky start. 他们的婚姻一开始就有些不稳固.
start
/ stB:t; stBrt/ v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) begin a journey; leave; set off 出发; 起程; 动身: We started at six. 我们是六点出发的. * We must start (out) early. 我们必须早些动身.  2 [It, Tn, Tg] begin (sth/to do sth) 开始（某事[做某事]）; 著手: It started to rain. 下起雨来了. * start work at 9 am 上午9时开始工作 * He's just started a new job. 他刚开始一项新工作. * start (ie begin using) a new tin of paint 新开了一罐颜料 * He started laughing. 他笑了起来.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (on) sth; ~ sb on sth (cause sb to) make a beginning on sth; (cause sb to) begin doing (a job, an activity, a piece of work, etc) （使某人）开始进行某事; （使某人）著手做（某事）: start (on) one's journey home 起程回家 * Have you started (on) (ie begun to read or write) your next book yet? 你开始看（或写）下一本书了吗? * It's time to get/time we got started on (ie began) the washing up. 我们该洗餐具了. =>Usage at begin 用法见begin.  4 (a) [I] (of an engine, etc) begin running （指发动机等）启动: The car won't start. 这辆汽车发动不起来. (b) [Tn] cause (a machine, etc) to start working 使（机器等）开始运转: I can't start the car. 这辆汽车我发动不起来.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.g] bring (sth) into existence; cause or enable (sb/sth) to begin or begin happening; establish; originate 产生; 使开始; 引发; 建立; 开创: start a fire 点火 * He decided to start a newspaper. 他决定创办一份报纸. * His uncle started him in business, ie helped him, eg by supplying money. 他的叔父帮他创办了事业（如资助他）. * The news started me thinking. 我听了这消息便沉思起来. * The smoke started her coughing. 烟呛得她直咳嗽.  6 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (fml 文) (a) make a sudden movement or change of position (because of fear, surprise, pain, etc) （因恐惧、 吃惊、 痛苦等）突然移动、 改换姿势或震动: She started at the sound of my voice. 她听到我的声音, 吓了一跳. (b) jump (up) suddenly 猛然跳起: He started (up) from his seat. 他从座位上突然跳了起来.  7 [Ipr] (fml 文) move, rise or appear suddenly 突然活动、 升起或出现: Tears started to (ie suddenly came into) her eyes. 她的眼睛里突然涌出了泪水. * His eyes almost startedout of his head, ie suddenly opened wide (in surprise, etc).他突然睁大了眼睛（因吃惊等）.  8 [Tn] (fml 文) drive (an animal) from a hiding-place into the open 将（动物）从隐藏处赶到空旷处: start a hare 把野兔轰出来.  9 (idm 习语) keep/start the ball rolling => ball1. raise/start a hare => hare. start a `baby (infml 口 esp Brit) become pregnant 怀孕. start a `family begin to have children 开始生儿育女: They want to start a family but can't afford it at the moment. 他们想生个孩子, 但暂时还养不起. start (sth) from `scratch begin (sth) from the very beginning without advantage or preparation, esp when building or developing sth 从头开始进行（某事）（尤指建设或开发）: He lost all his money and had to start again completely from scratch. 他损失了所有的钱, 只好再从头做起. start off on the right/wrong `foot (with sb) (infml 口) begin sth (esp a relationship) in the right/wrong way 开始做某事物时正确[不正确]（尤指人际关系）: The new student started off on the wrong foot with the teacher by answering back rudely. 那个新来的学生粗鲁地跟老师顶嘴, 一开始就把关系搞僵了. `start something (infml 口) begin a fight, an argument, trouble, etc 惹事; 惹麻烦; 闯祸: You shouldn't have spoken to him like that  you've really started something now. 你不该那样跟他说话--这下你可闯了祸了. to `start with (a) in the first place; as the first point 第一; 首先: To start with we haven't enough money, and secondly we're too busy. 一来我们的钱不够, 二来我们没时间. (b) at the beginning; initially 起初; 开始时: The club had only six members to start with. 这个俱乐部最初只有六个成员.  10 (phr v) start back (a) begin to return 动身返回: Isn't it time we started back? It's getting dark. 咱们该回去了吧? 天快黑了. (b) jump or step back suddenly (in fear, shock, surprise, etc) （因恐惧、 惊吓、 吃惊等）往後一跳, 突然向後退. start for... leave one place to go to another 动身前往: What time do you start for work? 你几点钟去上班? * Let's start for home. 咱们动身回家吧. start in on sb (for sth) (infml 口) begin to criticize, scold or shout at sb 对某人批评、 责骂或嚷叫起来: He started in on us again for poor work. 因为我们干得不好, 他又数落开了. start in to do sth/on sth/on doing sth (infml 口) begin to do sth 开始做某事: We started in to discuss/on a discussion of/on discussing the idea. 我们开始讨论那个意见. start off begin to move 开始活动: The horse started off at a steady trot. 那匹马快步稳健地跑了起来. start (sb) off (on sth) (cause sb to) begin working on, doing, saying, etc sth （使某人）开始（进行某事）: It's impossible to stop him talking once he starts off. 他一打开话匣子就停不住了. * What started him off on this crazy idea? 他这个荒唐的主意是哪儿来的? * Don't start her off on one of her boring stories. 不要惹她说她那些乏味的故事. start out (on sth); start out (to do sth) (a) begin a journey 出发; 起程; 动身: start out on a 20-mile walk 开始走一段20英里长的路程 * What time did you start out? 你是几点钟动身的? (b) (infml 口) take the first steps; intend when starting 迈开最初的几步; 开始时打算; 本来想要: start out in business 开始做生意 * start out on a new career 在新的事业上起步 * start out to write/with the intention of writing a novel 动笔[想]写一部长篇小说. start over (US) begin again 重新开始: She wasn't satisfied with our work and made us start (all) over. 她不满意我们的工作, 让我们（全部）返工. start (sth) up(cause sth to) begin or begin working, running, happening,etc （使某事物）启动, 开始: The engine started up suddenly. 发动机突然发动起来了. * start up a new bus company 建立新的公共汽车公司 * What started the argument up? 这场争论是由什麽引起的? * We couldn't start the car up. 那辆汽车我们发动不起来. start (sb) up (in sth) (cause sb to) begin a career, working life, etc （使某人）开始从事事业、 工作等: start up in business 在事业上起步 * He started his daughter up in the trade. 他让女儿从事这一行业.
starting-block 
n either one of two blocks fixed to the ground against which a runner braces his feet at the start of a race 起跑器.
starting-gate 
n barrier that is raised at the start of a horse- or dog-race, allowing the animals to move off 起跑门（赛马或赛狗时用的）.
starting-point 
n place or point from which sth begins起点: We'll take this as the starting-point for our discussion.咱们就从这一点开始讨论吧.
starting-post 
n place from which competitors start in a race 起跑点.
starting-price 
n final odds just before the start of a horse-race, etc （赛马等的）临赛赔率.
starter
/ 5stB:tE(r); `stBrtL/ n  1 person, horse, etc taking part in a race at the start 起跑的人、 马或其他动物: Of the five starters in the race only three finished. 起跑时有五 个, 只有三个跑完全程. Cf 参看 non-starter.  2 person who gives the signal for a race to start 起跑裁判员; 发令员: waiting for the starter's gun to fire 等待发令员的枪响.  3 (usu with an adj 通常与形容词连用) person who starts sth (esp in the way specified by the adj) 开始进行某事者（尤指以该形容词所描述的方式）: He's a fast starter. 他做事起步很快.  4 device for starting a machine, esp an engine 启动装置（尤指发动机的）.  5 (infml 口 esp Brit) (US also appetizer) first course of a meal (esp one with more than two courses) 第一道菜（尤指其後尚有至少两道菜）: What would you like as a starter? 您第一道菜想来点什麽?  6 (idm 习语) for `starters (infml 口) first of all; to start with 首先; 作为开头. under ,starter's `orders (of horses, athletes, etc ready to start a race) waiting for the order or signal to start （指参赛的马、 运动员等）等待起跑的口令或信号.
startle
/ 5stB:tl; `stBrtl/ v [Tn] give a sudden shock or surprise to (a person or an animal); cause to move or jump suddenly (from surprise) 使（人或动物）惊吓或吓一跳: You startled me  I didn't hear you come in. 你吓了我一跳--我没听见你进来. * I was startled to hear his news/by his news. 我听到他的消息大吃一惊. * The sudden noise in the bushes startled her horse. 灌木丛中突如其来的响声把她的马吓惊了. * He had a startled look on his face. 他一脸吃惊的神情.
startling 
/ 5stB:tlIN; `stBrtlIN/ adj very surprising; astonishing; remarkable 令人震惊的; 惊人的: a startling result 惊人的结果 * What startling news! 这消息多令人震惊啊! 
startlingly 
adv: startlingly beautiful 漂亮得出奇.
starve
/ stB:v; stBrv/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause a person or an animal to) suffer severely or die from hunger （使人或动物）挨饿, 饿死: Thousands of cattle are starving. 成千上万的牛正在挨饿. * starve to death 饿死 * (infml 口) She's starving herself to try to lose weight. 她正在用节食的办法减轻体重.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ for sth; ~ sb of sth (cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted; deprive sb of sth （使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物; 缺乏: children starving for/starved of affection 渴望受人疼爱的孩子 * (fig 比喻) Industry is being starved of technical expertise. 工业界技术力量匮乏.  3 [I] (infml 口) (used only in the continuous tenses 仅用於进行时态) feel very hungry 感觉很饿: What's for dinner? I'm starving! 晚饭吃什麽? 我饿极了!  4 (phr v) starve sb into sth/doing sth force sb to do sth by not allowing him to get food 使某人挨饿以迫其做某事: starved into surrender/surrendering 饿得只好投降. starve sb out (of sth) force sb out of a hiding-place, etc by stopping supplies of food 将某人饿得从隐藏处出来: It took 8 days to starve them out (of the building). 用了8天时间才把他们饿得（从那座建筑物里）出来了.
starvation 
/ stB:5veIFn; stBr`veFEn/ n [U] suffering ordeath caused by lack of food 挨饿; 饿死: die of starvation饿死 * [attrib 作定语] starvation wages, ie too low to buy enough food 不够维持基本生活的工资 * a starvation diet, ie barely enough food to keep one alive 仅够存活的日常饮食.
stash
/ stAF; stAF/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) (infml 口) store sth safely and secretly; hide sth 隐藏某物; 将某物藏起来: He's got his life savings stashed (away) in an old suitcase. 他把一辈子的积蓄保藏在一口旧箱子里.
stash 
n (infml 口 esp US)  1 thing that is stored secretly 隐藏的东西.  2 place where sth is hidden; hiding-place 隐藏处: a secret stash of stolen jewels 隐藏偷来的珠宝的地方.
state
/ steIt; stet/ n  1 [C] condition in which a person or thing is (in circumstances, appearance, mind, health, etc); quality of circumstances, characteristics, etc 状态; 状况; 情况; 情形: The house was in a dirty state. 那房子很脏. * These buildings are in a bad state of repair, ie need to be repaired. 这些建筑物亟待修葺. * a confused state of mind 缭乱的心绪 * a poor state of health 健康欠佳 * in a state of undress, ie naked 赤身露体 * not in a fit state to drive 不适宜开车的身心状态 * a state of emergency, eg declared by a government because of war, natural disaster, etc 紧急状态（如政府宣布的） * She was in a terrible state (ie very upset, agitated, etc) when we arrived. 我们抵达时, 她情绪很不好.  2 (also State)[C] country considered as an organized political communitycontrolled by one government; territory occupied by this 国; 国家; 领土: the State of Israel 以色列国 * modern European states 现代的欧洲国家. =>Usage at country 用法见country.  3 (also State) [C] organized political community forming part of a country that is a federation or republic （联邦或共和国的）州, 邦: How many States are there in the United States of America? 美国有多少州? * Which state where you born in? 你是在哪个州出生的? Cf 参看 county, province 1.  4 (esp 尤作 the State)[U] civil government of a country 政府; 国家: matters/affairs of state 国家大事[事务] * Church and State 教会和政府 * railways run by the state/state-run railways 国营铁路 * Many believe the State should provide schools, homes and hospitals for everyone. 许多人认为国家应该为全民提供学校教育、 住房以及医疗服务.  5 [U] ceremonial formality connected with high levels of government; pomp 国家级的礼仪; 盛观: The Queen was in her robes of state. 女王穿著御礼袍. * The President was driven in state through the streets. 总统在盛大的仪式中乘车从街上通过.  6 the States [pl] (infml 口) the United States of America 美国: I've never been to the States. 我从来没去过美国.  7 (idm 习语) in/into a `state (infml 口) (a) in/into an excited or agitated state of mind 处於[陷入]激动或焦躁的情绪中: She got herself into a state about the exams. 她对这次考试心里很慌. * He was in a real state when I last saw him. 我上次见到他时, 他很激动. (b) dirty, neglected, untidy, etc (according to the context) 肮脏的, 没有妥善照管的, 凌乱的（视上下文而定）: What a state this place is in! 这地方真乱哪! in a state of `nature (fml or joc 文或谑) completely naked 赤身露体; 一丝不挂. lie in state => lie2. a state of af`fairs circumstances or conditions; situation 情况; 局势: What a shocking state of affairs! 局势真惊人哪! the state of `play (a) score (esp in cricket) 分数（尤指板球运动中的）. (b) how opposite sides in a dispute stand in relation to one another 争论中各方的对立情况: What is the latest state of play in the disarmament talks? 裁军谈判的最新情况怎麽样?
state (also State) 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 of, for or concerned with the State(4) 政府的; 国家的; 关於国家的: state `railways 国营铁路 * `state schools, ie free schoolsrun by public authorities 国立学校 * state `secrets 国家机密 * State Socialism advocates state control of industry. 国家社会主义主张工业应由国家管理.  2 of, for or involving ceremony; used or done on ceremonial occasions 礼仪的; 礼仪上的; 礼节性的: a state occasion 国家的礼仪场合 * the state apartments 国家举行仪式用的厅堂 * a state visit, eg by a monarch to another country 国事访问 * the state opening of Parliament 议会的隆重开幕式.
stateless 
adj (of a person) not recognized as a citizen of any country; having no citizenship （指人）无国籍的, 无公民身分的. 
statelessness 
n [U].
statecraft 
n [U] skill in managing State affairs; statesmanship 治国才能; 政治才智.
the State Department 
the US government departmentof foreign affairs （美国的）国务院.
State Enrolled Nurse 
(abbr 缩写 SEN) (Brit) (title of a) person who has trained as a nurse and passed examinations that allow her or him to practise most areas of nursing (lower in rank than a State Registered Nurse) 国家登记护士（低於国家注册护士）.
state of the art 
current state of development of a subject, technique, etc （学科、 技术等的）当前发展状况: [attrib 作定语] a state-of-the-art computer program, ie the most advanced one available 最先进的计算机程序.
stateroom 
n  1 apartment used by royalty, important government members, etc 王室或政府要人的宅邸.  2 private cabin or sleeping compartment on a ship （轮船的）特等客舱.
State's evidence 
(idm 习语) ,turn State's `evidence(US) = turn King's/Queen's evidence (evidence).
stateside 
adj, adv (US infml 口) of, in or towards the US 美国的; 在美国; 向美国.
statewide 
adj, adv (US) throughout a state(2, 3) 全国（的）.
state
/ steIt; stet/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] express (sth) in spoken or written words, esp carefully, fully and clearly 陈述或说明（某事）（尤指仔细、 详尽而明确地）: state one's views 说明自己的见解 * state the obvious, ie obvious facts, etc 陈述明显的事实 * He stated positively that he had never seen the man. 他肯定地说他从未见过那个男子. * The document clearly states what is being planned. 这份文件把计画内容交代得清清楚楚.  2[Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] arrange, fix, or announce (sth) in advance; specify 预先安排、 定下或宣布（某事）; 规定; 确定: at stated times/intervals 在规定的时间[间隔时间] * You must work the hours stated. 你必须按规定的时间工作.
statement 
n  1 [U] (fml 文) stating sth or expressing sth in words 陈述; 叙述; 说明: Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language. 表述清晰比用辞优美更重要.  2 [C] thing that is stated 表达的内容: The president made a statement of his aims. 总统提出了他的目标. * (fig 比喻) The artist regards his painting as a political statement. 那个画家用作品表达自己的政治观点.  3 [C] formal account of facts, views, problems, etc; report 声明; 报告: issue a statement 发表声明 * The police asked the man to make a statement, ie a written account of facts concerning an alleged crime, used in court if legal action follows. 警方要那男子写一份供词.  4 [C] = bank statement (bank): My bank sends me monthly statements. 银行按月把结算单寄给我.
stately
/ 5steItlI; `stetlI/ adj (-ier, -iest) dignified; imposing; grand 威严的; 庄严的; 堂皇的; 宏伟的; 盛大的: a stately old woman 仪态高贵的老妇人 * with stately grace 庄重高雅地. 
stateliness 
n [U].
stately home 
(Brit) large and grand house, usu of historical interest, esp one that the public may visit 豪华宅第（通常指具有历史意义的, 尤指开放供人参观的）.
statesman
/ 5steItsmEn; `stetsmEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn;-mEn/) (fem 阴性作 stateswoman / -wUmEn; -9wJmEn/, pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/) person who plays an important part in the management of State affairs, esp one who is skilled and fair; wise political leader 政治家（尤指贤明公正的）.
statesmanlike 
adj having or showing the qualities and abilities of a wise statesman 有政治家的品质和才能的.
statesmanship 
n [U] skill and wisdom in managing public affairs 政治才能; 治国之才.
static
/ 5stAtIk; `stAtIk/ adj  1 not moving or changing; stationary 静止的; 稳定的; 静态的: House prices, which have been static for several months, are now rising again. 房价稳定了几个月, 现在又上涨了. * static water, eg in a tank, needing to be pumped 静止的水（如水箱中需要抽掉的） * a rather static performance, ie one in which there is little movement 动作较少的表演.  2 (physics 物) (of force) acting by weight without motion （指力）静止的, 静力的. Cf 参看 dynamic 1.
static 
n [U]  1 atmospheric conditions causing poor radio or television reception, marked by loud crackling noises; atmospherics 大气静电干扰; 天电: There was too much static to hear their message clearly. 天电干扰太大, 听不清他们的电讯.  2 (also ,static electricity) electricity that accumulates on or in an object which cannot conduct a current 静电: Her hair was full of static. 她的头发上静电很强.
statics 
n [sing v] branch of physics that deals with bodies remaining at rest or with forces that balance one another 静力学.
station
/ 5steIFn; `steFEn/ n  1 [C] place, building, etcwhere a service is organized and provided, or specialized(esp scientific) work is done （提供某种服务或从事科学研究等专业工作的）站, 所: a po`lice, `fire station 派出所、 消防站 * a `radar station 雷达站 * an agri,cultural re`search station 农业研究所 * a nuclear `power station 核电站.  2 [C] company that broadcasts on radio or television; building from which this is done 电台; 电视台: Which TV station is the programme on? 这个节目在哪家电视台播放? * a pirate radio station, ie one using a frequency illegally 非法的广播电台.  3 [C] (a) place where trains stop on a railway line; the buildings (eg ticket office, waiting rooms) connected with this 火车站: Which station are you going to? 你要到哪个火车站? * [attrib 作定语] the station platform, staff 站台、 火车站员工. (b) similar place where buses and coaches stop （公共汽车或长途汽车的）车站: The bus leaves the bus station at 9.42 am. 那公共汽车上午9时42分离站.  4 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) social position; rank; status 社会地位; 等级; 身分: people in all stations of life 社会各阶层人士 * He has ideas above his station. 他的思想超越了自己的地位.  5 [C] (Austral 澳) (usu large) sheep or cattle ranch （通常指大的）牧羊场, 牧牛场.  6 [C, CGp] (people living in a) small military or naval base （陆军或海军）驻地, 驻地人员: He's returning to his army station. 他准备回驻地.  7 [U] position, or relative position, to be taken up or maintained by sb/sth 某人[某事物]应处的位置或相对位置; 岗位; 战位: One of the warships was out of station, ie not in its correct position relative to other ships. 有一艘军舰未在其编队位置.  8 (idm 习语) panic stations => panic.
station 
v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] put (sb, oneself, an army, etc) at or in a certain place 置（某人、 自己、 部队等）於某处: Their regiment is stationed in Cyprus. 他们的团驻扎在塞浦路斯. * The detective stationed himself (ie hid) among the bushes. 那个侦探藏在灌木丛中.
station-master 
n person in charge of a railway station （铁路的）站长.
Stations of the Cross 
series of fourteen images or pictures telling the story of Christ's sufferings and death, at which prayers are said in certain Churches 苦路（十四幅耶稣受难像, 某些教会的教徒在这些圣像前作祈祷）.
station-wagon 
n (US) = estate car (estate).
stationary
/ 5steIFEnrI; ?@ -nerI; `steFEn9ZrI/ adj  1 (a) not moving 静止的: remain stationary 停著不动 * collide with a stationary van 撞上一辆停著的客货车. (b) that cannot be moved or is not intended to be moved 固定的; 不可移动的: a stationary crane 固定式起重机. Cf 参看 mobile 1.  2 not changing in condition or quantity 恒定的; 不变的; 无增减的.
stationer
/ 5steIFnE(r); `steFEnL/ n person who runs a shop that sells stationery 文具店店主: Is there a good stationer's (shop) near here? 附近有没有好的文具店?
stationery 
/ 5steIFEnrI; ?@ -nerI; `steFEn9ZrI/ n [U] writing materials (eg paper, pens, envelopes, etc) 文具: [attrib 作定语] a stationery cupboard, eg in an office 文具柜.
statistics
/ stE5tIstIks; stE`tIstIks/ n (a) [pl] collection of information shown in numbers （一组）数据, 统计数字, 统计资料: Politicians love to use statistics to support their arguments. 搞政治的喜欢用数据资料来印证自己的论点. * Have you seen the latest statistics on crime? 你看到最新的犯罪统计资料了吗? (b) [sing v] science of collecting, classifying and analysing such information 统计学: She's studying statistics at university. 她在大学学习统计学.
statistic 
n item of information expressed in numbers 数据: unearthed a fascinating statistic 得到一个很可喜的数据.
statistical 
/ stE5tIstIkl; stE`tIstIkl/ adj of or shown by statistics 统计的; 统计学的; 以数据表示的: statistical evidence 以统计数字表明的证据. 
statistically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: It has been proved statistically that... 有统计数字证明....
statistician 
/ 9sAttI5stIFn; 9stAtE`stIFEn/ n person who studies or works with statistics 统计学的研究者; 统计学家; 统计员.
statuary
/ 5stAtFUErI; ?@ -UerI; `stAtFJ9ZrI/ n [U]  1 statues 雕塑作品; 雕像; 塑像; 铸像: a display of bronze statuary 青铜雕塑作品展览.  2 art of making statues and sculptures 雕塑艺术.
statue
/ 5stAtFu:; `stAtFu/ n figure of a person, an animal, etc in wood, stone, bronze, etc, usu life-size or larger 雕像, 塑像, 铸像（其大小通常等於或大於真人或实物）: erect a statue of the king on a horse 树立一座国王骑著马的雕像.
statuesque 
/ 9stAtFU5esk; 9stAtFJ`Zsk/ adj (approv 褒) (a) like a statue in size, dignity or stillness （在大小、 端庄的神态或静止的状态方面）雕像般的, 塑像般的, 铸像般的. (b) (usu of a woman) tall, graceful and dignified （通常指女子）身材高大、 仪态优雅端庄的: her statuesque figure 她那修长、 优美的身材.
statuette 
/ 9stAtFU5et; 9stAtFJ`Zt/ n small statue 小雕像; 小塑像; 小铸像: A china statuette of a shepherdess stood on the table. 桌上有一个牧羊女的小瓷像.
stature
/ 5stAtFE(r); `stAtFL/ n [U]  1 natural height of the body 身高: short of stature 身材矮小.  2 importance and reputation gained by ability or achievement （凭才能或成就而获得的）名望: a scientist of international stature 有国际声望的科学家.
status
/ 5steItEs; `stetEs/ n [U]  1 person's social, legal or professional position or rank in relation to others 地位; 身分; 职位: Women have very little status in many countries. 在许多国家, 妇女没有什麽地位. * What's your official status in the company? 你在公司里的正式职位是什麽?  2 high rank or social position 重要地位; 重要身分: seek status and security 追求社会地位和生活保障 * He's very aware of his status. 他很在意自己的重要身分.
status symbol 
possession that is thought to show sb's high social rank, wealth, etc 社会地位、 身分、 财富等的象徵: He only bought the yacht as a status symbol  he hates sailing. 他买游艇只是为了显示身分--其实他根本不喜欢玩游艇.
status quo
/ 9steItEs 5kwEU; `stetEs`kwo/ the status quo situation or state of affairs as it is now, or as it was before a recent change 现状; 原来的状况: upset/restore/preserve the status quo 打破现状[恢复原状/维持现状] * conservatives who defend the status quo 维护现状的保守派.
statute
/ 5stAtFu:t; `stAtFut/ n [C]  1 law passed by Parliament or a similar law-making body and written down formally 成文法; 法规; 法令: decreed by statute 按照法规限定的.  2 any of the rules of an institution 条例; 规则; 章程: under the University's statutes 根据该大学的章程.
statutory 
/ 5stAtFUtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `stAtFJ9tRrI/ adj[usu attrib 通常作定语] fixed, done or required by statute 法定的; 依法完成的; 法规要求的; 章程规定的: one's statutory rights 自己享有的法定权利 * statutory control of prices and incomes 物价与收入的法定管制. statutorily adv.
statute-book 
n collection of all the laws made by a government; book(s) in which these are recorded 成文法典; 法令全书; 法规汇编: not on the statute book, ie not included in statute law 成文法中没有规定的.
statute law 
all the statutes as a group 成文法. Cf 参看 case-law (case1), common law (common1).
staunch
/ stR:ntF; stRntF/ adj (-er, -est) firm, loyal and dependable in opinion and attitude 坚定而忠实可靠的: a staunch Christian, Conservative, Republican, etc 忠实的基督徒、 保守党人、 共和党人等 * one of our staunchest allies 我们最坚定的同盟者之一.
staunch
= stanch.
stave
/ steIv; stev/ n  1 any of the curved pieces of wood forming the side of a barrel or tub 桶板, 桶材（用作木桶或木盆边的弧形木板）.  2 (music 音) = staff 5.
stave
/ steIv; stev/ v (pt, pp staved or  stove / stEUv; stov/) (phr v) stave sth in break, smash, or make a hole in sth 打破、 砸破或击穿某物; 在某物上凿孔: The side of the boat was staved in by the collision. 船侧撞穿了. * The victim's skull had been stove in by a heavy instrument. 遇害者的头颅是用重物击穿的. stave sth off (pt, pp ~d) keep sth off or away; delay sth, esp temporarily 挡开或避开某事物; 延迟某事物（尤指暂时）: stave off disaster, danger, bankruptcy, the pangs of hunger 避开灾难、 躲过危险、 防止破产、 延迟饥饿的折磨.
stay
/ steI; ste/ v  1 (a) [La, I, Ipr, Ip, It, In/pr] remain or continue in the same place (for a long or short time, permanently or temporarily, as specified by the context); not depart or change 停留; 留下; 住; 在某处呆一段时间: stay (at) home, ie not go out or to work 呆在家里 * stay late at the office 在办公室呆到很晚 * I'm afraid I can't stay, ie I must leave now. 很抱歉, 我得走了. * stay in the house, in bed, in one's room, etc 呆在房子里、 床上、 房间里等 * stay in teaching, journalism, etc, ie not change one's job 继续教书、 从事新闻工作等 * stay away from (ie not go to) school 不上学 * Stay on this road for two miles then turn left. 沿这条路走两英里, 然後向左拐. * Stay here until I come back. 我回来之前你别走. * We stayed to see what would happen. 我们留下来看进一步的发展. * I can only stay a few minutes. 我只能呆上几分钟. => Usage at and 用法见and. (b) [La, Ln] continue in a certain state 维持某状态: stay awake 不睡觉 * stay single, ie not marry 不结婚 * He never stays sober for long. 他不醉的时候不多. * They stayed friends for years. 他们的友谊维持了多年.  2 [I, Ipr, In/pr] remain or live somewhere temporarily, esp as a visitor or a guest 逗留, 暂住（尤指过访或作客时）: It's late  why don't you stay (ie for the night)? 很晚了--你就在这儿过夜好吗? * stay in a hotel 住在旅馆里 * Why don't you come to stay with us next time you visit Durham? 下次来达勒姆就住在我们这儿好吗? * Jenny's staying in Dublin for a few days, but she now lives/is now living (ie has her home) in Belfast. 珍妮目前在都柏林小住几日, 她的家是在贝尔法斯特. * stay the night with sb, ie sleep at sb's house for the night 在某人家过夜.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) stop, delay, postpone or check (sth) 停止, 延缓, 推迟, 控制（某事物）: stay (ie delay) punishment/judgement 延缓惩罚[审判] * stay the progress of a disease 防止病情恶化 * a little food to stay (ie temporarily satisfy) one's hunger 暂且充饥的一点食物 * (arch 古) stay one's hand, ie refrain from doing sth 不去做某事.  4 [I] (arch 古) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) wait a moment; pause; stop 稍等; 稍停; 停下: Stay! What is this I see? 且慢! 这是什麽?  5 (idm 习语) be here to stay/have come to stay (infml 口) be permanent and generally accepted 固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚: I hope that (the idea of) equality of opportunity for men and women has come to/is here to stay. 我希望男女机会平等（的思想）能形成风气. keep/stay/steer clear => clear2. stay the `course continue going to the end (of sth difficult, eg a race, a struggle) 坚持到底: I don't think he's sufficiently dedicated to stay the course. 我认为他不够坚定, 不会坚持到底的. stay `put (infml 口) remain where one/it is or is placed 呆在原处; 留在原地; 固定不动: The baby wouldn't stay put long enough for the photo to be taken. 这孩子总动换, 拍不了照片.  6 (phr v) stay away (from sb/sth) keep a distance (from sb/sth); not interfere (with sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）保持距离; 不打扰（某人[某事物]）: Tell him to stay away from my sister! 叫他离我妹妹远点儿!
stay behind 
remain at a place after others have left (esp to go home) （别人走後）在某处留下不走（尤指暂不回家）: They stayed behind after the party to help clear up. 聚会结束之後, 他们留下来帮助收拾东西. * The teacher told him to stay behind after class. 老师要他下课後先别走. stay down (a) (of food) remain in the stomach (rather than be vomited) （指食物）留在胃里（不呕吐出来）: She's so ill that nothing will stay down, not even water. 她病得很重, 吃什麽都吐出来, 连喝水都吐. (b) remain in a lowered position 停留在较低的位置: The switch on the kettle won't stay down. 这个水壶上的开关按下时卡不住了.
stay for/to sth 
remain at a person's house for (a meal) 留在某人家（吃饭）: Won't you stay for/to supper? 你吃了晚饭再走好吗?
stay in 
(a) not go outdoors 不出门; 呆在家里: The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days. 医生嘱我在家休息几天. (b) remain at school after others have left, esp as a punishment 课後留在学校（尤指作为惩罚）.
stay on 
(a) remain in position on top of sth 留在某物上面: My hat won't stay on properly. 我这帽子总也戴不正. (b) remain alight, burning, running, etc 保持某种活动状态（亮著、 烧著、 运动著...）: The TV stays on all day at this place. 这个地方的电视成天开著. stay on (at...) remain at (a place of study, employment, etc) after others have left （别人走後）留在（学习、 工作等的地方）: He stayed on at university to do research. 他留在大学里做研究工作.
stay out 
(a) remain out of the house or outdoors (esp after dark) 不回家, 呆在户外（尤指天黑後）: I don't like you staying out so late. 我不喜欢你在外面呆到这麽晚. (b) remain on strike 继续罢工: The miners stayed out for a whole year. 矿工罢工已整整一年了. stay out of sth remain at a point where one cannot be reached or affected by sb/sth 避开或躲开某人[某事物]: His father told him to stay out of trouble. 他父亲叫他避开是非之地.
stay up 
(a) remain awake; not go to bed 醒著; 不去睡: She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme. 她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡, 看他们最喜爱的电视节目. (b) remain in a position where put, built, etc; not fall or sink or be removed 处於原位不动; 不倒; 不沉; 不被移走: I'm surprised some of those cheap houses stay up at all. 那些质量差的房子仍然原封未动, 我感到很惊奇. * My trousers only stay up if I wear a belt. 我这条裤子要是不系皮带就往下掉. * The poster only stayed up a few hours, before it was stolen. 那张海报贴上去没几个小时就让人给偷走了.
stay with sb 
(infml 口) continue to listen attentively to sb 继续留心地听某人说话: Please stay with me a moment longer  I'm getting to the point of the story. 请再听我往下说--我这就说到关键内容了.
stay 
n  1 period of staying; visit 停留; 逗留; 逗留时间: an overnight stay in Karachi 在卡拉奇过夜 * a fortnight's stay with my uncle 在叔叔家做客两星期.  2 (idm 习语) a ,stay of exe`cution (esp law 尤用於法律) (order permitting a) delay in the carrying out of a court judgement or a postponement of some (usu unpleasant) activity 缓期执行（的裁决）; 推迟进行（的命令）（通常指延迟某项令人不快的活动）: They were due to start demolishing the old theatre today but there's been a last-minute stay of execution. 原定今天把这座旧戏院拆掉, 但临时突然决定暂缓进行.
stayer 
n person or animal with endurance or stamina 有耐力的人或动物: He's not a fast horse but he's certainly a stayer. 这匹马跑得不快, 但很有耐力.
stay-at-home 
n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) person who rarely leaves his home to go anywhere; unadventurous person 深居简出的人; 不爱闯荡的人.
staying-power 
n [U] ability to keep going; endurance; stamina 持久力; 耐力: Long-distance runners need staying-power. 长跑运动员耐力要强.
stay
/ steI; ste/ n  1 [C] rope or wire supporting a mast, pole, etc （船桅、 杆等的）支索.  2 [C] any prop or support 可倚靠的人或事物; 支撑物: (fig 比喻) the stay of (ie the person who helped him in) his old age 他晚年的倚靠.  3 stays [pl] old-fashioned type of corset, stiffened with strips of bone or plastic 带撑条的旧式紧身内衣.
STD
/ 9es ti: 5di:; 9Zs ti `di/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) subscriber trunk dialling (by telephone) 用户直通长途电话: The STD code for London is 071. 伦敦的用户长途直通号码是 071.
stead
/ sted; stZd/ n (idm 习语) in sb's/sth's `stead (fml 文) in sb's/sth's place; instead of sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: I can't attend the meeting but I'll send my assistant in my stead. 这个会我来不了, 我让助手代我出席. stand sb in good `stead be useful or helpful to sb when needed 在需要时对某人有用或有帮助: My anorak has stood me in good stead this winter. 我这件皮猴儿今年冬天可帮了大忙了.
steadfast
/ 5stedfB:st; ?@ -fAst; `stZd9fAst/ adj ~ (in sth/to sb/sth) (fml usu approv 文, 通常作褒义) firm and not changing or yielding; constant 坚定的; 不动摇的; 固定不动的: a steadfast friend 忠实的朋友 * a steadfast gaze, refusal 凝视、 坚决的拒绝 * steadfast in adversity 在逆境中毫不动摇 * be steadfast to one's principles 坚持自己的原则. 
steadfastly 
adv. 
steadfastness 
n [U].
steady
/ 5stedI; `stZdI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 firmly fixed, supported or balanced; not shaking, rocking or likely to fall over 稳的; 平稳的; 牢固的; 不摇晃的: hold the ladder steady 把梯子扶稳 * make a table steady, eg by repairing a leg 使桌子不摇晃（如把一条桌腿儿修好） * He's not very steady on his legs after his illness. 他病愈後走路还不太稳. * Such fine work requires a steady hand and a steady eye. 做这样精细的工作, 手要稳、 眼要准. * She was trembling with excitement but her voice was steady. 她激动得发抖, 但声音却很平稳.  2 done, happening, working, etc in an even and regular way; developing, etc gradually without interruptions 均匀而有规律的; 稳定的; 持续的; 不断的: a steady wind 匀速的风 * a steady speed, flow, rate, pace, etc 稳定的速度、 流速、 速率、 步子等 * steady progress, improvement, etc 持续的进步、 改善等.  3 regular in behaviour, habits, etc; sensible and dependable 稳重的; 理智而可靠的: a steady young man 稳重的年轻男子 * a steady worker 可靠的工作者.  4 constant; unchanging 固定的; 恒定的; 不变的; 坚定的: a steady faith 坚定的信仰 * with a steady purpose 目的始终如一 * Have you got a steady boy-friend? 你有关系固定的男朋友吗? * The ship kept to a steady course. 那艘船一直沿原航线航行.  5 (idm 习语) steady (`on)! (infml 口) (used as a warning 作提醒用) be careful; control yourself 当心; 注意; 镇定: I say, steady on! You can't say things like that about someone you've never met. 哎, 慢著! 你对素未谋面的人不能那样说人家.
steadily 
/ 5stedIlI; `stZdElI/ adv: work steadily 平稳地工作 * Prices are rising steadily. 物价正持续上涨. * His health is getting steadily worse. 他的健康逐渐恶化.
steadiness 
n [U].
steady 
adv (idm 习语) go steady (with sb) (dated infml 旧, 口) (of sb not engaged to marry) go out regularly with sb of the opposite sex; have a serious long-lasting relationship （指未订婚的人）与某异性朋友经常约会; （与某人）有固定的情侣关系: Are Tony and Jane going steady? 托尼跟简是正在谈恋爱吗?
steady 
n (dated infml 旧, 口) regular boy-friend or girl-friend 关系固定的男朋友或女朋友: He's my steady. 他是我的对象.
steady 
v (pt, pp steadied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become steady; keep steady （使某事物）稳固, 不摇晃, 保持平稳或稳定: Prices are steadying. 物价渐趋稳定. * steady a boat 使船保持平稳 * He steadied himself by holding on to the rail, eg on the deck of a rolling ship. 他抓住栏杆使自己站稳（如在颠簸的船甲板上）.
porterhouse steak
/ 9pR:tEhaUs 5steIk; 9pRrtL9haJs`stek/ piece of top-quality beefsteak cut for grilling, etc （供炙烤等的）上等牛排.
steak
/ steIk; stek/ n  1 [C, U] (thick slice of) meat (esp beef) or fish, cut for frying or grilling, etc 肉排; 鱼排; （尤指）牛排: fillet/rump steak （无骨）牛排[（臀部）肉排] * two tuna steaks 两片金枪鱼排 * [attrib 作定语] a steak knife, ie for cutting steak, etc when eating it 牛排餐刀.  2 [U] beef from the front of the animal, cut for stewing or braising （供焖或煨的）牛前部的肉.
steak-house 
n restaurant that specializes in serving meat steaks 肉排餐馆; （尤指）牛排餐馆.
steal
/ sti:l; stil/ v (pt stole / stEUl; stol/, pp stolen / 5stEUlEn; `stolEn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) take (another person's property) secretly without permission or legal right; take (sth) dishonestly 偷（他人的财物）; 窃取（某物）: It's wrong to steal. 偷东西是不对的. * He stole from the rich to give to the poor. 他偷富人的东西去接济穷人. * Someone has stolen my watch. 有人把我的表偷走了. * I have had my watch stolen. 我的表让人偷走了. * He stole a bun from the shop. 他从店里偷了一个圆面包. =>Usage at rob 用法见rob.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) obtain (sth) quickly or stealthily, esp by a surprise or trick 快速地或偷偷地取得（某事物）（尤指出其不意或运用计策）: steal a few minutes' sleep 偷闲睡上几分钟 * steal a kiss from sb 乘某人不备吻一下 * steal a glance at sb in the mirror 从镜中偷看某人一眼.  3 [Ipr, Ip] ~ in, out, away, etc move in the specified direction secretly and quietly, or without being noticed 偷偷地移动: He stole into the room. 他潜入房间. * A tear stole down her cheek. 她脸上悄悄淌下了一滴眼泪. * The morning light was stealing through the shutters. 晨光悄悄穿过了百页窗. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.  4 (idm 习语) steal a `march (on sb) gain an advantage over sb by doing sth secretly or slyly, or by acting before he does 偷偷地抢在某人之前. steal the `scene/`show attract the most attention and praise (esp unexpectedly) 抢风头（尤指出其不意）: Despite fine acting by several well-known stars it was a young newcomer who stole the show. 尽管几位名角演出都很出色, 却未曾想竟让一名新秀抢尽风头. steal sb's `thunder spoil sb's attempt to impress by anticipating him, detracting from what he is saying, doing, etc 抢在某人之前或贬低某人的言行使之不受他人注意.
steal 
n  1 (US sl 俚) instance of stealing; theft 偷; 盗窃.  2 (infml 口��I esp US) good bargain; easy task 极便宜 的东西; 易做的事情: `Ladies and gentlemen, it's a steal at only $50.' ｀女士们、 先生们, 这个只卖50美元, 太便宜啦.＇
stealth
/ stelW; stZlW/ n [U] acting or behaving in a quiet or secret way 悄悄的或秘密的行动: Tracking wild animals requires great stealth. 跟踪野生动物必须悄然无声. * The burglars had entered the house by stealth. 窃贼偷偷进了那座房子.
stealthy 
adj (-ier, -iest) doing things, or done, with stealth 悄悄的; 偷偷的; 暗中进行的: stealthy footsteps 悄悄的脚步. 
stealthily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
stealthiness 
n [U].
steam
/ sti:m; stim/ n [U]  1 (a) invisible gas into which water is changed by boiling 水蒸气; 蒸汽. (b) power obtained using this gas under pressure 加压蒸汽产生的动力: a building heated by steam 有暖气的建筑物 * [attrib 作定语] a steam brake, whistle, winch, etc, ie worked by steam 蒸汽制动器、 汽笛、 汽动绞车 * steam cleaning, ie done by steam 蒸汽洗涤.  2 visible mist that forms when steam condenses in the air 水汽: steam coming out of a boiling kettle 水烧开後从壶里冒出来的水汽 * The laundry was full of steam. 洗衣房里水汽腾腾.  3 (idm 习语) full speed/steam ahead => full. blow off/let off `steam (infml 口) release surplus energy or emotion from being restrained 宣泄被压抑的过剩精力或情感: The children were out in the playground letting off steam. 那些孩子在操场上玩, 宣泄过剩的精力. get up `steam (a) (of a vehicle or an engine) slowly increase speed （指汽车或发动机）慢慢加速. (b) (infml 口) (of a person) collect one's energy; gradually become excited or angry （指人）打起精神, 渐渐激动或愤怒. ,run out of `steam (infml 口) become exhausted 失去动力; 筋疲力尽: There is a danger of the housing programme running out of steam, ie losing its impetus. 住宅兴建计画有半途而废之虞. ,under one's own `steam without help from others; unaided 靠自己的力量.
steam 
v  1 [I, Ip] give out steam or vapour 放出蒸汽; 冒水汽: steaming hot coffee 热气腾腾的咖啡 * The kettle was steaming (away) on the stove. 水壶在炉子上冒著热气.  2 [Tn, Cn.a] cook, soften or clean (sth), by the use of steam 用蒸汽处理（某物）; 蒸; 蒸汽软化; 蒸汽洗涤: steamed pudding 蒸的布丁 * Steam the fish for 10 minutes. 把鱼蒸10分钟. * steam open an envelope, ie use steam to soften the glue on the flap 用蒸汽把信封口嘘开. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook.  3 (idm 习语) be/get (all) steamed `up (about/over sth) (infml 口) become very enthusiastic, angry, excited, etc 变得很热心、 愤怒、 激动等: Calm down  it's nothing to get steamed up about! 冷静一点--没什麽可激动的!  4 (phr v) steam across, along, away, off, etc move in the specified direction using the power of steam 藉蒸汽动力沿某方向移动: a boat steaming up the Nile 向尼罗河上游行驶的汽船 * The train steamed into/out of the station. 火车驶进[出]了车站. * We were steaming along at 50 mph. 我们靠蒸汽动力以每小时50英里的速度向前行驶. steam sth off (sth) remove (one piece of paper) from another using steam to melt the glue sticking them together 用蒸汽嘘（纸）（使之与黏贴物分开）: steam stamps off envelopes 用蒸汽嘘邮票以便从信封上揭下. steam (sth) up (cause sth to) become covered with condensed steam （使某物）蒙上水汽: The car windows steamed up. 汽车窗户上有一层水汽. steamer n  1 steamship 汽船; 汽艇.  2 metal container with small holes in it, in which food is cooked using steam 蒸锅.
steamy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of, like or full of steam （似）蒸汽的; 充满水汽的: a steamy jungle 雾气弥漫的丛林.  2 (infml 口) erotic and passionate 色情而狂放的: steamy love scenes 狂放的性爱场面. 
steaminess 
n [U].
steamboat 
n boat powered by steam, used (esp formerly) on rivers and along coasts （沿河流或近岸海中行驶的）汽船, 汽艇（尤指旧时用的）.
steam-engine 
n locomotive or engine driven by steam 蒸汽机车; 蒸汽机.
steam iron 
electric iron that can send out jets of steam from its flat surface 蒸汽电熨斗.
steam radio 
(infml joc 口, 谑) radio broadcasting considered as very old-fashioned by comparison with television 老掉牙的电台广播（与电视相比而言）.
steamroller 
n heavy slow-moving engine with a large roller, used in road-making 蒸汽压路机.  v  1 [Tn] crush or defeat (sb/sth) as with a steamroller （像用蒸汽压路机一般）压倒（某人）, 碾平或碾碎（某事物）: steamrollering all opposition 压倒一切反对力量. 2 (phr v) steamroller sb into sth/doing sth force sb into (a situation or course of action) 迫使某人就范.
steamship 
n ship driven by steam 汽船; 汽艇.
steam-shovel 
n (esp US) machine for excavating, originally worked by steam 汽铲; （汽动）挖掘机.
steam train 
train pulled by a steam-engine 蒸汽机火车: [attrib 作定语] a steam train enthusiast 蒸汽机火车爱好者.
steed
/ sti:d; stid/ n (arch or joc 古或谑) horse 马: my trusty steed 我那匹得力的马.
steel
/ sti:l; stil/ n  1 [U] (a) strong hard alloy of iron and carbon, much used for making vehicles, tools, knives, machinery, etc 钢: It's made of steel. 这是钢制的. * [attrib 作定语] steel knives 钢刀. (b) industry that produces steel; production of steel 炼钢工业; 钢铁生产: [attrib 作定语] the steel strike 炼钢业的罢工 * deserted steel mills 废弃的炼钢厂 * the steel areas of the north 北方的钢铁工业区.  2 [C] thin roughened rod of steel, used for sharpening knives, etc 钢棒（用以磨刀等）.  3 [C] (arch 古) weapon, esp a sword (contrasted with a gun, etc) 钢制武器, （尤指）刀, 剑（与枪炮等相对）: an enemy worthy of one's steel, ie one who will fight well 值得与之较量的劲敌.  4 (idm 习语) of steel of great strength or hardness 钢铁般的; 强有力的; 坚硬的: a man of steel 钢铁般坚强的男子 * nerves of steel 巨大的勇气 * a grip of steel 强劲的紧握.
steel 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ oneself/sth (for/against sth) make (oneself, one's heart, etc) hard or strong in preparation for sth 使（自己、 自己的心理承受力等）坚强起来去应付某事: I'm afraid I have bad news for you, so steel yourself. 很抱歉, 有坏消息要告诉你, 你得坚强些. * She had to steel her heart against pity. 她须硬起心肠以顶住怜悯之情.
steely 
adj (-ier, -iest) like steel in colour, hardness, brightness or strength （在颜色、 硬度、 光泽或强度方面）似钢的: a steely look 冷冰冰的神情 * with steely determination 以钢铁般的决心. 
steeliness 
n [U].
steel band 
West Indian band of musicians with instruments made from empty oil drums （西印度群岛的）钢鼓乐队（用空油桶做的乐器演奏）.
steel-plated 
adj covered with steel plates; armoured 覆以钢板的; 装甲的.
steel wool 
mass of fine steel shavings used for cleaning, scouring and polishing 钢丝绒（用以擦洗或磨光物件的）. Cf 参看 wire wool (wire).
steel worker 
person who works in the steel industry 炼钢工人.
steelworks 
n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [sing or pl v] factory where steel is made 炼钢厂.
steelyard
/ 5sti:ljB:d or, rarely, 罕读作 5stIljEd; `stil9jBrd,`stIljLd/ n type of weighing-machine with two arms of unequal lengths, the longer one marked with a scale along which a weight is moved 杆秤.
steep
/ sti:p; stip/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (of a slope, stairs, etc) rising or falling sharply, not gradually （指斜坡、 楼梯等）陡的, 陡峭的, 陡直的: a steep path, descent, hill, climb, gradient 陡峭的小路、 坡路、 小山、 攀登路、 斜面 * a steep roof 斜的屋顶 * I never cycle up that hill  it's too steep. 我从来不骑车上那座山--太陡了.  2 (infml 口) (of a price or demand) too much; unreasonable; excessive （指价格或要求）过高的, 不合理的, 过分的: She wants you to feed her cats for four weeks  that's a bit steep! 她竟然要你替她喂猫喂四个星期--这可有点过分了! * I wouldn't pay 300 for his old car  it's too steep. 我才不花300英镑买他那辆旧汽车呢--这个价钱太高了.
steepen 
/ 5sti:pEn; `stipEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become steep1(1) or steeper （使某物）变陡, 变得更陡峭: The path steepens as you climb the hillside. 沿著山坡往上爬时, 那条小径越来越陡.
steepish 
adj quite steep 较陡的; 有点陡峭的.
steeply 
adv.
steepness 
n [U].
steep
/ sti:p; stip/ v  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) soak sth thoroughly in liquid (esp in order to soften, clean or flavour it) 浸泡某物（尤指为使之软、 清洁或增味）: fruit steeped in brandy 泡在白兰地中的水果 * steep onions in vinegar, ie to pickle them 把洋葱腌泡在醋里.  2 (phr v) steep sb/oneself/sth in sth (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) pervade or fill sth thoroughly with sth; give oneself/sb a thorough knowledge of sth 使某事物弥漫或充满某事物; 使自己[某人]精通某事物: steeped in ignorance/prejudice 极为无知[充满偏见] * a city steeped in history 历史悠久的城市 * He steeped himself in the literature of ancient Greece and Rome. 他精通古希腊和古罗马文学.
steeple
/ 5sti:pl; `stipl/ n tall tower with a spire on top, rising above the roof of a church （教堂的）尖塔. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.
steeplejack 
n person who climbs steeples, tall chimneys, etc to repair or paint them 高空作业修建工（爬上尖塔、 高烟囱等进行修缮或粉刷者）.
steeplechase
/ 5sti:pltFeIs; `stipl9tFes/ n  1 horse-race across country or on a course with various hedges and ditches to be jumped 越野赛马; 障碍赛马. Cf 参看 flat racing (flat2).  2 race for athletes, across country or on a running track, with obstacles such as fences, hedges and ditches to be jumped 越野赛跑; 障碍赛跑.
steeplechaser 
n person or horse competing in steeplechases 参加越野（或障碍）赛跑的人; 越野（或障碍）赛马的参赛马.
steer
/ stIE(r); stIr/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] direct or control the course of (a boat, car, etc) 操纵（船、 汽车等）的行驶方向; 驾驶: You steer and I'll push. 你来掌方向盘, 我来推. * steer by the stars 参照星星的方位来驾驶 * steer a boat into (the) harbour 把船驶进港 * (fig 比喻) He managed to steer the discussion away from the subject of money. 他设法把讨论内容从钱的话题上岔开了. * (fig 比喻) She steered me towards a table in the corner. 她要我到角落里的一张桌子那儿. (b) [I] (of a boat, car, etc) be able to be steered （指船、 汽车等）可驾驶: a car that steers well on corners 转弯灵活的汽车.  2 [Tn] follow or keep to (a course) 向（某方向）行驶: keep steering north/a northerly course 向北行驶.  3 (idm 习语) keep/stay/steer clear => clear2.
steerer 
/ 5stIErE(r); `stIrL/ n person who steers 驾驶者; 掌舵的人; 舵手.
steering 
/ 5stIErIN; `stIrIN/ n [U] equipment or mechanismfor steering a car, boat, etc （汽车、 船等的）转向装置, 操舵装置: power steering 动力转向装置 * There is something wrong with the steering. 转向装置出毛病了.
steersman 
/ -zmEn; -zmEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) person who steers a boat, ship, etc 掌舵的人; 舵手. Cf 参看 helmsman (helm).
steering-column 
n column-shaped part of a car, etc on which the steering-wheel is fitted 转向柱.
steering committee 
committee that decides the order of certain business activities and guides their general course 程序委员会.
steering lock 
mechanism in a vehicle's steering-column that allows the steering-wheel to be locked in a fixed position to prevent anyone stealing the vehicle 防盗方向盘锁.
steering-wheel 
n wheel for controlling the steering in a car, ship, etc 方向盘; 舵轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.
steer
/ stIE(r); stIr/ n young (usu castrated) male animal of the ox family, raised for its meat （肉用的）小公牛（通常指阉过的）. Cf 参看 bull1 1, bullock, ox 1.
steerage
/ 5stIErIdV; `stIrIdV/ n [U]  1 action of steering and its effects on a ship, vehicle, etc 驾驶; 操舵; 舵效.  2 section of a ship nearest the rudder, where accommodation was formerly provided for passengers travelling at the lowest fares （旧时）（客轮的）统舱（近舵处, 票价最廉）: travel steerage 乘坐统舱 * [attrib 作定语] steerage class 统舱级.
steerage-way 
n [U] (nautical 海) forward movement needed by a ship, boat, etc to allow it to be steered or controlled properly 舵效航速.
stellar
/ 5stelE(r); `stZlL/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) of a star or stars 星的; 星球的: stellar light 星光. Cf 参看 interstellar.
stem
/ stem; stZm/ n  1 (a) main central part of a plant, bush or tree coming up from the roots, from which the leaves or flowers grow （花草的）茎; （树木的）干. =>illus at fungus 见 fungus 插图. (b) part of a leaf, flower or fruit that joins it to the main stalk or twig （叶片、 花朵或果实的）梗, 柄. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.  2 thin stem-shaped part of sth, esp the narrow part of a wineglass between the base and the bowl or the part of a tobacco pipe between the mouthpiece and the bowl 茎状部分; （尤指）高脚酒杯的颈, 烟斗柄.  3 (grammar) root or main part of a noun or verb from which other parts or words are made, eg by altering the endings 词干.  4 (fml 文) main line of descent of a family 血统.  5 (idm 习语) from ,stem to `stern from the front to the back (esp of a ship) 从头到尾; （尤指）从船首到船尾: The liner has been refitted from stem to stern. 那艘班轮已经全面整修.
stem 
v (-mm-) (phr v) stem from sth arise from sth; have sth as its origin or cause 来自或起源於某事物; 由某事物造成: discontent stemming from low pay and poor working conditions 因工资低、 工作条件差而产生的不满情绪.
-stemmed 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a stem or stems of the specified type 具有某种茎、 干、 梗或柄的: ,long-/,short-/,thick-stemmed `glasses * a ,straight-stemmed `flower.
stem
/ stem; stZm/ v (-mm-) [Tn] restrain or stop (the flow of liquid, etc) 遏制, 阻止（液体流动等）: bandage a cut to stem the bleeding 用　带包扎伤口止血 * stem the flow of water from a burst pipe 止住破裂的水管中流出的水 * (fig 比喻) The government are unable to stem the tide of popular indignation. 政府压制不住公愤.
Sten
/ sten; stZn/ n (also `Sten gun) type of small machine-gun, usu fired from the hip 司登枪（冲锋枪）.
stench
/ stentF; stZntF/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) very unpleasant smell 恶臭; 臭气: the stench of rotting meat 腐肉的恶臭.
stencil
/ 5stensl; `stZnsl/ n [C]  1 thin sheet of metal, cardboard, etc with a design or letters cut out of it, used for putting this design, etc onto a surface when ink or paint is applied to it （镂有图案或文字供印刷用的）模版, 型版; 蜡版.  2 design, lettering, etc produced in this way 用模版印出的图案或文字: decorate a wall with flower stencils 用模版印花图案装饰墙壁.  3 waxed sheet from which a stencil is made by a typewriter 打字蜡纸: cut a stencil 在蜡纸上打字.
stencil 
v (-ll-; US also -l-) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (A on B/B with A) produce (a design, lettering, etc) by using a stencil; mark (a surface) with a stencil 用模版或蜡纸印刷（图案、 文字等）; 在（某物表面）印上模版图案或文字: Do you know how to stencil? 你会用模版印图吗? * stencil a pattern on cloth/stencil cloth with a pattern 把图案印在布上[给布印上图案].
steno
/ 5stenEU; `stZno/ n (infml 口 esp US) = stenographer (stenography).
stenography
/ stE5nCgrEfI; stE`nB^rEfI/ n [U] (esp US) = shorthand (short).
stenographer 
/ -fE(r); -fL/ (esp US) (Brit ,shorthand-typist) n person who can write shorthand or is employed to do this 会速记的人; 速记员.
stentorian
/ sten5tR:rIEn; stZn`tRrIEn/ adj (fml 文) (of a voice) loud and powerful （指嗓音）洪亮的, 响亮的: stentorian tones 响亮的音调.
step
/ step; stZp/ v (-pp-) [Ipr, Ip]  1 lift and put down the foot, or one foot after the other, as in walking 踩; 踏; 跨步; （连续）迈步: step on sb's foot 踩著某人的脚 * step in a puddle 踏进水坑 * step forwards/backwards 向前迈步[向後退步].  2 move a short distance in this way in the direction specified 向某方向走一小段距离: step across a stream 　尚过小溪 * step into a boat 登船 * step onto/off the platform 走上[下]讲台 * `Kindly step this way (ie come here, follow me), please.' ｀请往这边走.＇ * (fig 比喻) step into a job, ie get one without effort 轻易得到一份工作.  3 (idm 习语) step into the `breach help to organize sth by filling the place of sb who is absent （某人不在时）代理某事. step into sb's `shoes take control of a responsible task or job from another person 接替某人. `step on it (US also step on the gas) (infml 口) go faster; increase speed (esp in a vehicle); hurry 快走; 加速（尤指开车时）; 踩油门; 赶快: You'll be late if you don't step on it. 你要是不加快速度就要迟到了. ,step out of `line behave or act differently from what is expected 出格; 越轨: The teacher warned them that she would punish anyone who stepped out of line. 老师警告他们说谁要不守规矩就罚谁.  4 (phr v) step aside allow another person to take one's place, position, job, etc 让开; 让位: He stepped aside to let me pass. 他站到一边让我过去. * It's time for me to step aside and let a younger person become chairman. 我该把主席的位子让给年轻的人了.
step down 
resign (usu from an important position, job, etc) to allow another person to take one's place 辞职（以让位给他人, 通常指重要职位、 工作等）.
step forward 
present oneself (eg to offer help or information); come forward 站出来（如提供帮助或信息）; 自告奋勇: The organizing committee is appealing for volunteers to step forward. 组织委员会号召志愿者自告奋勇.
step in 
intervene (to help or hinder sb/sth) 干预（以帮助或阻止某人[某事物]）; 介入: If the police had not stepped in when they did there would have been serious violence. 当时若警方迟一些干预就会发生严重的暴力事件了.
step out 
walk faster; move more quickly 加快脚步; 加速.
step up 
come forward 站出来; 自告奋勇. step sth up increase sth; improve sth 增加某事物; 促进某事物: step up production 增加生产 * step up (ie put more effort into) the campaign for nuclear disarmament 加强争取核裁军的运动.
stepping-stone 
n (a) flat stone (usu one of several) providing a place to step on when crossing a stream, river, etc on foot （过河等用的）踏脚石. (b) (fig 比喻) means or stage of progress towards achieving or attaining sth 藉以达到目标的手段或阶段: a first stepping-stone on the path to success 通向成功的第一步.
step
/ step; stZp/ n  1 [C] act of stepping once (in walking, running, dancing, etc) （走、 跑、 跳舞等的）步, 脚步: walk with slow steps 慢步行走 * The water was deeper at every step. 每走一步水就更深一些. * He took a step towards the door. 他向门口迈了一步.  2 [C] distance covered by this 一步的距离: retrace one's steps, ie go back 原路折回 * move a step closer to the fire 向那火走近一步 * It's only a few steps farther. 只有几步远. * He walked with us every step of the way. 他跟我们走了一路.  3 [sing] short distance 短距离: It's only a step to the park from here. 公园离这儿很近.  4 (also `footstep) [C] (a) sound of sb stepping or walking 脚步声; 走路的声音: We heard steps outside. 我们听到外面有脚步声. (b) way of stepping or walking (as seen or heard) 步态; 走路的姿势或声音: with a light cheerful step 以轻快的脚步 * That's Lucy  I recognize her step. 那是露西--我听得出她的脚步声.  5 [C] particular way of moving the feet in dancing (forming a pattern) 舞步: I don't know the steps for this dance. 我不会这种舞步.  6 [C] any one of a series of things done in some process or course of action or development （某过程中的）一步: a step in the right direction 方向正确的一步 * This has been a great step forward, ie Much progress has been made. 这是向前迈出的很大的一步. * What's the next step? ie What must we do next? 下一步该怎麽办?  7 [C] level surface on which the foot is placed in going from one level to another 台阶; 梯级: a flight of steps 一段台阶 * Mind the steps when you go down into the cellar. 你走到地下室去时要当心台阶. * They had to cut steps in the ice as they climbed. 他们往上爬时得在冰上凿出踏脚处. * The child was sitting on the top step. 那孩子坐在最上一级台阶上. =>illus at stair 见插图stair. =>Usage at stair 用法见stair.  8 steps [pl] = step-ladder: a pair of steps 一副摺梯 * We need the steps to get into the loft. 我们上阁楼要用摺梯.  9 [C] rank, grade or stage in a series or on a scale; stage of promotion 级别; 等级; 阶段; 晋升的一级: Our marketing methods put us several steps ahead of our main rivals. 我们的销售方法得力, 超过主要对手几个等级. * When do you get your next step up? ie When will you be promoted? 你何时晋级?  10 (idm 习语) break `step get out of step (when dancing or marching) 乱了步伐（跳舞或齐步走时）. change step => change1. a false step => false. in/out of step (with sb/sth) (a) (in marching or dancing) putting/not putting one's correct foot on the ground at the same time as others （齐步走或跳舞时）与他人步子一致[不一致]. (b) conforming/not conforming to what others are doing or thinking 与他人谐调[不谐调]: He's out of step with modern ideas. 他同现代思想不合拍. keep step (with sb) walk or (esp) march in step (with sb) （与某人）步伐一致地走（尤指齐步走）. mind/watch one's `step (a) walk carefully 小心地行走. (b) behave or act cautiously 谨慎地做事或行动: You'll be in trouble if you don't watch your step. 你要是不谨慎从事就要倒霉了. ,step by `step proceeding steadily from one stage to the next; gradually 一步一步地; 逐步地; 逐渐地: [attrib 作定语] a ,step-by-step in`struction manual 逐项解释的说明书. take steps to do sth take action in order to achieve a desired result 采取步骤以达到某目的: The government is taking steps to control the rising crime rate. 政府正采取措施, 控制不断上升的犯罪率.
step-ladder 
n portable folding ladder that can stand on its own, with steps rather than rungs and usu a small platform at the top 摺梯. =>illus at ladder 见 ladder 插图.
step-
pref 前缀 related as a result of one parent's remarrying, not by blood 父或母再婚而构成的亲缘关系, 但无血缘关系（参看half-）.
stepbrother, `stepsister 
ns male/female child of one's stepmother or stepfather by an earlier marriage 继母与其前夫或继父与其前妻所生的儿子[女儿]（参看half-brother、 half-sister）.
stepchild 
n (pl -children) child of one's husband or wife by an earlier marriage 丈夫与其前妻或妻子与其前夫所生的孩子.
stepfather, `stepmother 
ns husband of one's mother/wife of one's father by a later marriage 继父; 继母.
step-parent 
n later husband of one's mother or wife of one's father 继父或继母.
stepson, `stepdaughter 
ns son/daughter of one's husband or wife by an earlier marriage 丈夫与其前妻或妻子与其前夫所生的儿子[女儿].
steppe
/ step; stZp/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) flat grassy plain with few trees, esp in SE Europe and Siberia （树木稀少的）大草原; （尤指东南欧和西伯利亚的）乾草原. Cf 参看 pampas, prairie, savannah, veld.
-ster
suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming ns 与名词和形容词结合构成名词) person connected with or having the quality of 与...有关的人; 有...品性的人: gangster * prankster * youngster.
stereo
/ 5sterIEU; `stZrIo/ n (pl ~s)  1 [U] stereophonic sound or recording 立体声; 立体声录音: broadcast in stereo 立体声广播 * [attrib 作定语] a stereo recording, record, cassette, system 立体声的录音、 唱片、 盒式磁带、 音响设备.  2 stereophonic record-player, radio, etc 立体声音响器材（立体声唱机、 收音机等）: Where's your stereo? 你的立体声音响设备在哪儿呢? Cf 参看 mono.
stereo-
comb form 构词成分 having three dimensions; solid 三维空间的; 立体的; 固体的: stereoscope.
stereophonic
/ 9sterIE5fCnIk; 9stZrIE`fBnIk/ adj  1 (ofrecorded or broadcast sound) giving the effect of naturallydistributed sound, and requiring two loudspeakers placed separately （指录制的或广播的声音）有立体效果的, 立体声的: a stereophonic recording 立体声录音.  2 (of apparatus) designed for recording or reproducing sound in this way （指器材）立体声录音或放音的. Cf 参看 monophonic.
stereoscope
/ 5sterIEskEUp; `stZrIE9skop/ n apparatus through which two photographs, taken from slightly different angles, can be seen as if united and with the effect of depth and solidity 体视镜（可观看两张拍摄角度稍异的照片, 产生立体感）.
stereoscopic 
/ 9sterIE5skCpIk; 9stZrIE`skBpIk/ adj giving a three-dimensional effect 产生三维空间效果的; 有立体感的: a stereoscopic image, photograph, etc 有立体感的图像、 照片等.
stereotype
/ 5sterIEtaIp; `stZrIE9taIp/ n [C]  1 image,idea, character, etc that has become fixed or standardizedin a conventional form without individuality (and is therefore perhaps false) 模式化的形象、 思想、 人物等; 老一套: He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the city businessman with a dark suit and rolled umbrella. 他不像典型的城市商人那样, 穿一身深色的套服、 带一把收好的雨伞. * [attrib 作定语] a play full of stereotype characters 充斥著公式化人物的话剧.  2 printing-plate made from a mould of a set piece of movable printing type 铅版.
stereotyped 
adj (often derog 常作贬义) (of images, ideas, characters, etc) fixed, unchanging or standardized; without individuality （指形象、 思想、 人物等）模式化的, 无个性的: stereotyped images of women in advertisements 广告中千篇一律的女性形象.
stereotyping 
n [U]: sexual stereotyping 性别的模式化.
sterile
/ 5steraIl; ?@ 5sterEl; `stZrEl/ adj  1 (of plants, animals or humans) not producing or not able to produce seeds, young or children （指植物、 动物或人）不产生种子的, 不能生殖的, 不育的: Medical tests showed that he was sterile. 医学检查表明他没有生育能力.  2 (of land) that cannot produce crops; barren （指土地）不能长庄稼的, 不毛的, 荒瘠的.  3 (fig 比喻) (of discussion, communication, etc) producing no useful results; unproductive （指讨论、 联系等）无结果的, 无效果的: a sterile debate 毫无结果的辩论.  4 free from germs, bacteria, etc 无菌的; 消过毒的: sterile bandages 无菌　带 * An operating theatre should be completely sterile. 手术室应该完全无菌. Cf 参看 fertile.
sterility 
/ stE5rIlEtI; stE`rIlEtI/ n [U] state or quality of being sterile 不产生种子; 无生殖力; 荒瘠; 无结果; 无菌.
sterilize, sterilise 
/ 5sterElaIz; `stZrE9laIz/ v [Tn]  1 make (sth) sterile(4) or free from bacteria 为（某物）消毒或杀菌: sterilized milk 消毒牛奶 * sterilized surgical instruments消过毒的外科手术器械.  2 make (a person or an animal) unable to produce young or children (esp by removal or obstruction of the reproductive organs) 使（人）绝育; 使（动物）失去生殖能力: After her fourth child she decided to be/have herself sterilized. 她生了第四个孩子後决定做绝育手术. 
sterilization, sterilisation
/ 9sterElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; 9stZrElE`zeFEn/ n [U].
sterling
/ 5st\:lIN; `st[lIN/ adj  1 (abbr 缩写 stg) (of coins or precious metal) of standard value and purity; genuine （指硬币或贵金属）标准纯度的, 真的: sterling silver cutlery 标准纯银的餐具.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (of a person or his qualities, etc) admirable or excellent in quality （指人或其品质等）令人钦佩的, 优秀的: her sterling qualities as an organizer 她那高超的组织才能.
sterling 
n [U] British money 英国货币: the pound sterling, ie the British ￡ 英镑 * payable in sterling or American dollars 可用英镑或美元支付. Cf 参看 pound1 2.
the sterling area 
group of countries that formerly kept their reserves in British sterling currency and between which money could easily be transferred 英镑区（旧时用英镑作准备金的各国）.
stern
/ st\:n; st[n/ adj (-er, -est) (a) serious and grim, not kind or cheerful; expecting to be obeyed 严肃的; 严厉的; 不苟言笑的; 要求别人服从的: a stern taskmaster, teacher, parent, etc 严厉的监工、 教师、 父亲（或母亲）等 * a stern face, expression, look, etc 严肃的面容、 表情、 神态等. (b) severe and strict 严厉的; 严格的; 严酷的; 严峻的; 苛刻的: stern treatment for offenders 对犯法者的严厉对待 * Police are planning sterner measures to combat crime. 警方正在制订更严厉的措施来打击犯罪活动. 
sternly 
adj. 
sternness 
n [U].
stern
/ st\:n; st[n/ n [C]  1 back end of a ship or boat 船尾: standing at/in the stern of the boat 站在船尾 * walk towards the stern of a ship 向船尾走. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图.  2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) rear part of anything, esp a person's bottom 後部; 尾部; 末端; （尤指人的）屁股: Move your stern, I want to sit down. 你把屁股挪一挪, 我想坐下.  3 (idm 习语) from stem to stern => stem1.
sternum
/ 5st\:nEm; `st[nEm/ n (pl ~s or sterna / 5st\:nE;`st[nE/) (anatomy 解) = breastbone (breast).
steroid
/ 5sterRId, 5stIErRId; `stZrRId, `stIrRId/ n (chemistry 化) any of a number of organic compounds naturally produced in the body, including certain hormones and vitamins 甾族化合物; 类固醇: He's being treated with steroids for leukaemia. 他因患白血病正在接受类固醇治疗.
stertorous
/ 5st\:tErEs; `st[tErEs/ adj (fml 文) (of breathing or a person breathing) making a loud snoring noise （指呼吸或人呼吸时）发出呼噜声的, 打鼾的. 
stertorously 
adv.
stet
/ stet; stZt/ v  1 [I] (used only in the form stet as an instruction to a printer, etc when written beside a word that has been crossed out or corrected by mistake 仅用原形stet, 作校对批注用语, 写於已删除或误改之文字旁) let it stay or remain as written or printed 不删; 不改; 保留原样.  2 (-tt-) [Tn] write `stet' beside (sth); cancel the correction of 在（删改处）旁注上｀保留＇字样; 取消对...的删改: The proof-reader had changed a word but I stetted it. 校对员改动了一个词, 我批注不应改动, 恢复原状.
stethoscope
/ 5steWEskEUp; `stZWE9skop/ n instrument used by doctors for listening to the beating of the heart, sounds of breathing, etc 听诊器.
stetson
/ 5stetsn; `stZtsn/ n man's hat with a high crown and wide brim, worn esp by cowboys （男用）高顶阔边帽（尤指牧牛工戴的）. =>illus at hat 见 hat 插图.
stevedore
/ 5sti:vEdR:(r); `stivE9dRr/ n person whose work is loading and unloading ships; docker （船货）装卸工; 码头工人.
stew
/ stju:; ?@ stu:; stu/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) cook slowly in water or juice in a closed dish, pan, etc （将某物）用文火煮, 炖, 煨, 焖: The meat needs to stew for several hours. 这肉得炖几个钟头. * stewing steak, ie beef suitable for stewing 宜作炖食的牛排 * stewed chicken, fruit 炖熟的鸡、 水果 * stewed apple and custard 浇蛋奶汁的炖苹果.  2 [I] (infml 口) be very hot; swelter 很热; 热得难受: Please open a window -- we're stewing in here! 请打开窗户吧--我们热死了!  3 (idm 习语) let sb `stew (infml 口) leave sb to continue suffering from the unpleasant consequences of his own actions (without offering help, sympathy, etc) 让某人自讨苦吃（而不相助、 不同情等）. stew in one's own`juice (infml 口) suffer from the unpleasant consequencesof one's own actions 自作自受: I don't see why I should help her -- she can stew in her own juice for a bit. 我干吗要帮她--她自作自受得吃点苦头才好呢.
stew 
n  1 [C, U] (dish of) stewed meat, vegetables, etc 炖菜: make a stew 做一道炖菜 * have some more stew 再吃点炖菜.  2 (idm 习语) get (oneself) into/be in a `stew (about sth) (infml 口) become/be nervous, anxious or agitated (about sth) （对某事物）不安, 担忧, 激动: He's got himself into a complete stew about his exams. 他对考试紧张得不得了.
stewed 
adj [usu pred 通常作表语]  1 (of tea) tasting unpleasantly strong and bitter from being left in the teapot too long （指茶）（因久泡）酽而苦.  2 (sl 俚) drunk 喝醉.
steward
/ stjUEd; ?@ 5stu:Erd; `stuLd/ n  1 person employed to manage another's property, esp a large house or estate （受雇管理他人财产的）管理员, 管家（尤指巨宅或地产的）.  2 person whose job is to arrange for the supply of food to a college, club, etc （大学、 俱乐部等的）膳食管理员.  3 (fem 阴性作 stewardess/ 9stjUE5des; US  5stu:ErdEs; `stuLdEs/) person who attends to the needs of passengers on a ship, an aircraft or a train （轮船、 飞机或火车上的）服务员: the baggage/cabin/deck steward 负责行李[客舱/舱面]的服务员 * an `air stewardess 空中小姐.  4 official responsible for organizing a dance, race-meeting, show, public meeting, demonstration, etc （舞会、 赛马大会、 表演、 公共集会、 示威活动等的）组织者, 筹备人, 干事, 理事: The stewards will inspect the course to see if racing is possible. 那些干事将检视赛马场看是否适宜比赛.
stewardship 
n [U] (fml 文) position and duties of a steward 管理员、 服务员、 筹备人的职位和职责.
Sth
abbr 缩写 = South: Sth Pole, eg on a map 南极（如标於地图上的）.
stick
/ stIk; stIk/ n  1 [C] short thin piece of wood used as a support, as a weapon or as firewood （作支持物、 武器或柴火的）棍, 棒, 柴枝: collect dry sticks to make a fire 拾些乾柴生火 * cut sticks to support peas in the garden 砍些小树枝以支撑园子里的豌豆.  2 [C] = walking-stick (walk1): The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路.  3 [C] implement used to hit and direct the ball in hockey, polo, etc （曲棍球、 马球等的）球棍.  4 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) long thin rod-shaped piece of a substance 细长如棍之物; 棒状物; 条状物: sticks of celery, chalk, charcoal, dynamite, rhubarb, wax 一根根的芹菜、 粉笔、 木炭、 炸药、 食用大黄、 蜡 * brass candlesticks 黄铜烛台.  5 [C] conductor's baton 指挥棒.  6 [C] set of bombs dropped one after the other so that they fall in a row 连续投下的一串炸弹.  7 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (of sth) (infml 口) piece (of furniture) （家具的）件: These few sticks (of furniture) are all he has left. 这几件（家具）就是他留下的全部物品了.  8 [C] (infml 口) person of the specified type, esp a dull or an unsociable one 某种类型的人; （尤指）呆头呆脑的人, 不善交际的人: He's a rather boring old stick. 他是个相当乏味的家伙.  9 the sticks [pl] (infml 口) rural areas far from cities 远离城市的边远地方: live (out) in the sticks 住在远离城市的边远地方.  10 (idm 习语) be in a cleft stick => cleave1. the big stick => big. the carrot and the stick => carrot. get the wrong end of the stick => wrong. get/take stick (from sb) (infml 口) be punished or treated severely 受到严惩或严厉对待: The government has taken a lot of stick from the press recently. 政府近来受到新闻界猛烈抨击. give sb `stick (infml 口) punish or treat sb severely 严惩或严厉对待某人. a rod/stick to beat sb with => beat1. up sticks => up v.
stick insect 
large insect with a body shaped like a twig 竹节虫.
stickpin 
n (US) = tie-pin (tie1).
stick shift 
(US) way of operating the gears in a car by means of a gear-lever mounted on the floor （汽车）操纵变速杆（换挡的方法）.
stick
/ stIk; stIk/ v (pt, pp stuck / stQk; stQk/)  1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth in/into/through sth; ~ sth in/through push or thrust (esp sth pointed) into, through, etc sth 插入或刺穿某物（尤指用尖物）: Stick the fork into the potato. 用叉子插土豆. * The cushion was stuck full of pins. 针插上插满了针. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ in/into/through sth; ~ in/through (of sth pointed) be pushed or thrust into or through sth and remain in position （指尖物）插入或穿入某物中: The needle stuck in my finger. 针扎进我的手指了. * I found a nail sticking in the tyre. 我发现轮胎上扎著一根钉子. * Your umbrella is sticking into my back. 你的伞戳著我的背了.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) become fixed, joined or fastened with a sticky substance （将某物）粘牢, 粘住, 粘在一起: This glue doesn't stick very well. 这种胶水粘不住. * The dough stuck to my fingers. 生面团粘在我的手指上了. * stick a stamp on a letter 把邮票贴在信上 * stick a broken cup (back) together 把破了的杯子（重新）粘在一起.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) put or fix (sth) in a position or place, esp quickly or carelessly 把（某物）放置在某处或固定在某位置上[尤指匆促地或粗心地）: stick up a notice on the notice-board 把布告贴在布告牌上 * He stuck the pen behind his ear. 他把笔夹在耳朵上. * Stick the books on the table, will you? 把书放在桌子上, 好吗?  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) be or become fixed in one place and unable to move 卡在某处不能移动: This drawer sticks badly. 这个抽屉卡得死死的. * The key stuck in the lock. 钥匙在锁中卡住了. * The bus stuck in the mud. 公共汽车陷在泥里了.  5 [Tn] (infml 口) (in negative sentences and questions 用於否定句和疑问句) tolerate or bear (esp an unpleasant person or situation) 容忍, 忍受（尤指令人不快的行为或情况）: I don't know how you stuck that man for so long. 我不知道你这麽长时间是怎麽忍受他这种行为的. * I won't stick your rudeness any longer. 我再也不能容忍你这种粗暴行为了.  6 [I] (infml 口) be or become established 建立; 确定: They couldn't make the charges stick, ie prove that they were true. 他们拿不出那些指控的依据来. * He got the nickname `Fatty' on his first day at school  and unfortunately the name stuck, ie has been used ever since. 他第一天上学就得了一个绰号叫｀胖子＇--倒霉的是从此就叫开了.  7 (idm 习语) cling/stick to sb like a leech => leech. mud sticks => mud. poke/stick one's nose into sth => nose1. put/shove/stick one's oar in => oar. stand/stick out like a sore thumb => sore. stand/stick out a mile => mile. stick/stop at `nothing be willing to do anything to get what one wants, even if it is immoral 为达目的不择手段. ,stick 'em `up! (infml 口) (said by an armed robber telling sb to raise his hands above his head 持械劫匪令人高举双手的用语) stick `fast be or become solidly fixed in one position and unable or unwilling to move 牢牢卡在某处不能或不愿移动: His head was stuck fast in the railings. 他的头卡在栅栏里动弹不得. * (fig 比喻) He stuck fast to his theory, ie maintained it firmly. 他坚持自己的看法. stick in one's `mind (of a memory, image, etc) be remembered for a long time （指记忆、 形象等）历久不忘: The image of the dead child's face stuck in my mind for ages. 那孩子已死去多时, 我对其面容仍记忆犹新. stick in one's `throat (infml 口) (a) (also stick in one's `craw/`gizzard) be difficult or impossible to accept 难以接受; 不可能接受: It sticks in my throat to have to accept charity from them. 我不得不接受他们的施舍, 此事教我耿耿於怀. (b) (of words) be difficult or impossible to say （指言词）难於启齿, 说不出口: I wanted to tell her, but the words stuck in my throat. 我想要告诉她, 只是有口难言. stick one's `neck out (infml 口) do sth risky 做有风险的事: I may be sticking my neck out (ie in predicting sth uncertain), but I think he's going to win. 我这可谓孟浪之言, 但我仍认为他能获胜. stick to one's `guns (infml 口) refuse to change one's opinions, actions, etc in spite of criticism 尽管受到抨击, 仍不改变言、 行等; 坚持立场. stick to one's last not try to do things that one cannot do well 不做无把握的事.  8 (phr v) stick around (infml 口) stay in or near a place (waiting for sth to happen, sb to arrive, etc) 在某处或在附近（等候某事发生、 某人到来等）: Stick around, we may need you. 不要走远, 我们可能需要你.
stick at sth 
work persistently and continuously at sth; persevere 坚持做某事; 坚持不懈: If we stick at it, we should finish the job today. 我们要是接著干下去, 今天就能把这项工作做完.
stick by sb 
(infml 口) continue to support and be loyal to sb (esp through difficult times) 继续支持并忠於某人（尤指在逆境中）: Her husband stuck by her in good times and bad. 无论境遇好坏她的丈夫都对她忠贞不渝.
stick sth down 
(a) fasten (the cover, flap, etc of sth) with glue, paste, etc （用胶水、 浆糊等）粘住（封套、 信封口等）: stick down (the flap of) an envelope 粘住信封（的口盖）. (b) (infml 口) put or place sth down 把某物放下或放置好: Stick it down anywhere you like. 把它放在哪儿都行. (c) (infml 口) write sth down 写下某事: Stick down your names on the list. 把你们的名字写在名单上.
stick sth in/into sth 
fix, fasten sth into a book, etc with glue, paste, etc （用胶水、 浆强糊等）把某物固定、 粘贴在书本等内: stick stamps into an album 把邮票贴在集邮册里.
stick sth on (sth) 
fix, fasten sth (to a surface) with glue, paste, etc （用胶水、 浆强糊等）把某物固定、 粘贴在（某物表面）上: Stick a label on your suitcase. 把标签粘贴在你的手提箱上.
stick (sth) out 
(cause sth to) project （使某物）突出, 伸出: His ears stick out. 他长著一对招风耳. * a girl sticking her tongue out at her brother 向哥哥伸舌头的女孩儿 * Don't stick your head out of the car window. 不要把头伸出汽车窗外. stick it/sth out (infml 口) continue with sth to the end, despite difficulty or unpleasantness （虽然困难或不愉快）坚持到底, 一直忍下去: He hates the job  but he's determined to stick it out because he needs the money. 他讨厌那工作--但因为需要钱, 只好横下心来干下去. stick out for sth (infml 口) refuse to give up until one gets sth one wants 坚持要求某事物; 不获得某事物绝不罢休: They're sticking out for higher wages. 他们坚持要求提高工资.
stick to sth 
(a) not abandon or change sth; keep to sth 不放弃或不改变某事物; 坚持或维持某事物: `Would you like some wine?' `No, I'll stick to beer, thanks.' ｀你喝点葡萄酒吗?＇｀不, 谢谢你, 我还是喝啤酒吧.＇ * We don't want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts! 我们不想听你的想法, 只讲事实! * That's my story and I'm sticking to it, ie I shall maintain that it is true. 我说的就是这些, 句句实情. (b) continue doing sth (despite difficulties, etc) （尽管有困难等）继续做某事: stick to a task until it is finished 坚持完成任务.
stick together 
(infml 口) (of people) remain friendly and loyal to one another; be united （指人）彼此忠诚友好, 团结一致: If we keep calm and stick together, we'll be all right. 我们保持镇定、 同心协力就没有问题.
stick up 
project upwards; be upright 向上突出; 竖起: The branch was sticking up out of the water. 树枝直挺挺地伸出水面. stick sth up (infml 口) threaten the people in (a place) with a gun in order to rob it 用枪胁迫（某处）的人以便抢劫: stick up a bank, post office, etc 持枪抢劫银行、 邮局等. stick up for sb/oneself/sthsupport or defend sb/oneself/sth 支持或维护某人[自己/某事物]: Don't allow those big boys to bully you; stick up for yourself! 别让那些大孩子欺负你, 要保护你自己! * stick up for one's rights 维护自己的权利.
stick with sb/sth 
(infml 口) continue to support or retain one's connection with sb/sth 继续支持某人[某事物]; 保持与某人[某事物]的联系: I'm sticking with my original idea. 我坚持我原来的主张. * Stick with me and you'll be all right. 有事你来找我就没问题了.
stick-in-the-mud 
n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who resists change 反对变革的人: [attrib 作定语] stick-in-the-mud attitudes 保守的态度.
stick-on 
adj [attrib 作定语] having glue, etc on the back; adhesive 背面涂有黏胶的; 可粘贴的: stick-on labels 背面涂有黏胶的标签.
sticking-plaster (also plaster) 
n [C, U] (Brit) (US adhesive `plaster) (small strip of) fabric, plastic, etc that can be stuck to the skin to protect a small wound or cut 橡皮膏. Cf 参看 Band-aid.
stick-up 
n (infml 口) robbery with a gun; hold-up 持枪抢劫; 抢劫: Don't move  this is a stick-up! 不许动--这是抢劫!
sticker
/ 5stIkE(r); `stIkL/ n  1 sticky label with a picture or message on it （有黏胶的）图文标签: The child had stickers all over his school books. 那孩子把他的课本贴满了图文标签.  2 (infml approv 口, 褒) person who does not give up in spite of difficulties 坚持不懈的人; 锲而不舍的人.
stickleback
/ 5stIklbAk; `stIkl9bAk/ n small fish with sharp spikes on its back 刺鱼（背上有尖刺的小鱼）.
stickler
/ 5stIklE(r); `stIklL/ n ~ for sth person who thinks that a certain goal is very important and tries to make other people aim at it 认为某事重要而竭力让别人做好的人: a stickler for accuracy, punctuality, discipline,etc 要求准确、 准时、 纪律严明...的人.
sticky
/ 5stIkI; `stIkI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 that sticks or tends to stick to anything which touches it 黏的; 黏性的: sticky fingers covered in jam 沾满果酱的黏糊糊的手指 * The floor's very sticky near the cooker. 炉具旁边地面上黏黏糊糊的.  2 (infml 口) (of weather) unpleasantly hot and damp, causing one to sweat （指天气）湿热得难受的: a sticky August afternoon 八月里一个湿热得令人难受的下午.  3 (infml 口) unpleasant; difficult 不愉快的; 困难的: His dismissal was rather a sticky business for all concerned. 他遭解雇一事, 有关的人都很为难. * Their marriage is going through a sticky patch, ie an unpleasant period of time. 他们的婚姻关系如临深渊.  4 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) making or likely to make objections, be unhelpful, etc 持异议、 不肯帮忙...: The bank manager was a bit sticky about letting me have an overdraft. 银行经理不太同意让我透支.  5 (idm 习语) come to a bad/sticky end => end1. sticky `fingers (euph 婉) tendency to steal 手黏（好偷窃）. a sticky `wicket (Brit) (a) (in cricket) a wet wicket (playing-surface) which dries quickly in the sun and is difficult to bat on （板球）湿软的三柱门（场地）（湿後迅即晒乾因而难以击球的）. (b) (fig 比喻) situation that is hard to deal with 难以应付的情况: We're on a sticky wicket with these negotiations  they could very well fail. 我们在谈判中已陷入泥淖--很可能失败. 
stickily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
stickiness 
n [U].
sticky tape 
long thin strip of plastic, etc which is sticky on one side, and is used for joining things together 黏胶带.
stiff
/ stIf; stIf/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not easily bent, folded, moved, changed in shape, etc 不易弯曲、 打摺、 移动、 变形等的; 坚硬的; 僵直的: a sheet of stiff cardboard 一块硬纸板 * a stiff drawer 很紧的抽屉 * a stiff pair of shoes 一双硬邦邦的鞋 * have a stiff neck, ie painful and difficult to move 颈部强直 * feel stiff (ie have stiff muscles and joints) after a long walk 走长路後感觉肢体发僵.  2 thick and hard to stir; not liquid 稠的; 难搅拌的; 非液态的: Stir the flour and milk to a stiff paste. 把面粉和牛奶搅成很稠的糊.  3 (a) hard to do; difficult 不好做的; 因难的: a stiff climb 吃力的攀登 * a stiff exam 难度大的考试. (b) severe; tough 严厉的; 激烈的: The judge imposed a stiff sentence. 法官做出了严厉的判决. * Competition is stiff. 竞争很激烈.  4 formal in manner, behaviour, etc; not friendly （态度、 举止等）生硬的, 拘谨的, 不友好的: Their manner was rather stiff. 他们的态度很生硬.  5 (infml 口) (of a price) (too) high （指价格）（太）高: pay a stiff membership fee 缴纳很高的会费.  6 (of a breeze) blowing strongly （指风）强劲的, 猛烈的.  7 (of an alcoholic drink) strong and undiluted （指酒）烈性的, 未经稀释的: That was a shock  I need a stiff drink! 这可真吓人--我得喝点烈酒了! * a stiff glass of rum 一杯纯的朗姆酒.  8 (idm 习语) stiff/straight as a ramrod => ramrod. (keep) a stiff upper lip (show) an ability to appear calm and unworried when in pain, trouble, etc （遇痛苦、 困难等时）（表现）沉著而坚强的能力, 咬紧牙关.
stiff 
adv (infml 口) to an extreme degree; very much 极度地; 非常: worried/scared/frozen stiff 非常担心[极其害怕/冻僵] * The opera bored me stiff. 这个歌剧真把我腻烦透了.
stiff 
n (sl 俚) dead body; corpse 死尸, 尸体（尤指人的）.
stiffly 
adv: He bent down stiffly. 他直僵僵地弯下身子.
stiffness 
n [U].
stiff-necked 
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) obstinate and proud 顽固而傲慢的.
stiffen
/ 5stIfn; `stIfEn/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) become stiff or stiffer （使某物）变得（更加）坚硬、 僵硬、 困难、 生硬、 强烈等: My back has stiffened (up) overnight. 我的後背一夜之间强直了. * He stiffened (with terror) at the horrific sight. 他看到那恐怖的情景吓呆了. * cotton stiffened with starch 上浆後发挺的棉布 * (fig 比喻) The promise of a reward might stiffen their resolve, ie make them braver. 答应给他们奖励, 他们就可能更勇敢了.
stiffener 
/ 5stIfnE(r); `stIfEnL/ n thing used to stiffen 用以变硬或变强之物: a collar stiffener 衣领衬料.
stiffening 
/ 5stIfnIN; `stIfEnIN/ n [U] material used to stiffen a piece of cloth or a garment 浆硬剂（使布或服装挺括的材料）.
stifle
/ 5staIfl; `staIfl/ v  1 [I, Tn] feel or make (sb) unable to breathe (easily) because of lack of fresh air; suffocate 感到窒息; 使（某人）不能（顺畅）呼吸: We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed. 我们在那间关著窗户的热屋子里, 简直透不过气来. * a baby stifled by a pillow 被枕头捂住无法呼吸的婴儿 * The smoke filled the room and almost stifled the firemen. 屋里浓烟弥漫呛得消防队员喘不过气来.  2 [Tn] extinguish (a fire); put out 熄灭（火）; 扑灭: stifle flames with a blanket 用毯子扑灭火焰.  3 [Tn] suppress (sth); restrain 镇压（某事物）; 遏制: stifle a rebellion 平息叛乱 * stifle a yawn, laugh, cry, sob, etc 忍住哈欠、 笑、 哭、 抽泣等 * (derog 贬) stifle ideas, initiative 压制思想、 主动性.
stifling 
/ 5staIflIN; `staIflIN/ adj: It's stifling in here; open a window! 这里很闷, 打开窗户吧! * the stifling atmosphere of the royal court, with all its petty restrictive rules 宫廷里那令人窒息的气氛, 因为有各种繁文褥节. 
stiflingly 
adv: stiflingly hot 闷热.
stigma
/ 5stIgmE; `stI^mE/ n  1 [C, U] mark of shame or disgrace; shameful feeling or reputation 耻辱的标记; 羞耻之心; 污名: There is less stigma attached to illegitimacy now than there used to be. 私生子女已不像过去那样见不得人了.  2 [C] (botany 植) part that receives the pollen in the centre of a flower 柱头（花的中央接受花粉的部分）.
stigmata
/ 5stIgmEtE; `stI^mEtE/ n [pl] marks resembling the wounds made by nails on the body of Christ when he was crucified, said to have appeared on the bodies of various saints and considered as a sign of holiness by some Christians 圣痕（与耶稣受难伤痕相应的瘢痕, 据称曾在许多圣徒身上出现, 有些基督徒视之为神圣的标志）.
stigmatize, stigmatise
/ 5stIgmEtaIz; `stI^mE9taIz/ v [Cn.n/a usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth as sth (fml 文) describe or consider sb/sth as sth disgraceful or shameful 将某人[某事物]形容为、 视为可耻之物: stigmatized as a coward and a liar 被指责为胆小鬼和说谎的人.
stile
/ staIl; staIl/ n  1 set of steps enabling walkers to get over or through a fence, wall, etc in the country （乡村中供人穿越栅栏、 围墙等的）台阶.  2 (idm 习语) help a lame dog over a stile => help1.
stiletto
/ stI5letEU; stI`lZto/ n (pl ~s / -tEUz; -toz/)  1 small dagger or tool with a narrow pointed blade 短剑; 匕首.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit infml 口) woman's shoe with a stiletto heel 细高跟女鞋.
stiletto heel 
(Brit) high, very narrow heel on a woman's shoe （女鞋的）细高跟.
still
/ stIl; stIl/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) (almost) without movement or sound; quiet and calm （几乎）不动或无声的; 静止的; 寂静的: still water 死水 * absolutely/completely/perfectly still 极其[十分/非常]宁静 * Please keep/stay/hold/sit/stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时请别动. (b) without wind 无风的: a still day in August 八月里无风的一天. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of drinks) not containing bubbles of gas; not sparkling or fizzy （指饮料）不含碳酸气的, 不起泡的: still cider, orange, mineral water, etc 无汽的苹果汁、 橙子汁、 矿泉水等.  3 (idm 习语) the still small `voice (of conscience) (rhet 修辞) a person's sense of right and wrong 良心的呼唤; 是非感.still waters run `deep (saying 谚) a quiet or apparentlycalm person can have strong emotions, much knowledge or wisdom, etc 静水流深（沉静或寡言者或有强烈情感、 丰富知识或非凡智慧等）.
still 
n  1 single photograph of a scene from a cinema film （电影片中某一镜头的）剧照, 定格画面: stills from a new film, eg as used for advertising 新影片的剧照（如用作广告的）.  2 (idm 习语) the still of the `night (rhet 修辞) the calmness or silence of the night 夜间的寂静.
still 
v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become calm or at rest （使某物）平静下来或静止: The waves stilled. 波浪平静下来了. * (fig 比喻) She couldn't still her anxiety. 她无法消除内心的不安.
stillness 
n [U] quality of being still 静止; 寂静; 安静; 平静.
still birth 
(a) birth at which the baby is born dead 死产. (b) baby born dead 死产儿. Cf 参看 live birth (live1).
stillborn 
adj  1 (of a baby) dead when born （指婴儿）死产的.  2 (rhet 修辞) (of an idea or a plan) not developing further （指思想或计画）夭折的.
still life 
(a) [U] representation of non-living objects (eg fruit, flowers, etc) in painting （绘画中的）静物（如水果、 花等）; 静物画: I prefer landscape to still life. 我喜欢风景画, 不喜欢静物画. (b) [C] (pl still lifes) picture of this type 静物画.
still
/ stIl; stIl/ adv  1 (usu in the middle position, but sometimes occurring after a direct object 通常置於句子中部, 但有时用於直接宾语之後) up to and including the present time or the time mentioned 至目前或当时为止; 仍然; 依旧; 还是: She's still busy. 她仍然很忙. * He still hopes/is still hoping for a letter from her. 他仍盼望她能来信. * Will you still be here when I get back? 我回来的时候你还在这里吗? * Do you still live in London? 你还住在伦敦吗? * I still can't do it. 我还是不会做. * We could still change our minds. 我们还可以改变主意. * I need you still; don't go yet. 我还需要你, 先别走.  2 in spite of that; nevertheless; even so 尽管那样; 然而; 不过; 虽然如此: He's treated you badly: still, he's your brother and you should help him. 他待你很不好; 但他终归是你的兄弟, 你应该帮助他. * Although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然觉得身体不舒服, 但仍然去上班了.  3 (a) (with a comparative 与比较级连用) in a greater amount or degree; even 更; 还要: Tom is tall, but Mary is taller still/still taller. 汤姆很高, 但是玛丽更高. * That would be nicer still/still nicer. 那就更好了. (b) in addition; besides; yet 加之; 此外; 还有: He came up with still more stories. 他写出的小说更多了.  4 (idm 习语) ,better/,worse `still even better/worse 还要好[坏].
still
/ stIl; stIl/ n apparatus for making alcoholic liquor (eg brandy, whisky) by distilling 蒸馏器（制造如白兰地、 威士忌等酒精饮料用的）.
stilt
/ stIlt; stIlt/ n  1 either of a pair of poles, each with a support for the foot, on which a person can walk raised above the ground 高跷: a pair of stilts 一副高跷 * walk on stilts 踩高跷.  2 any one of a set of posts or poles on which a building, etc is supported above the ground （将建筑物等支离地面的）桩子, 支柱: a house (up) on stilts 用桩子支撑著的房子.
stilted
/ 5stIltId; `stIltId/ adj (derog 贬) (of a manner of talking, writing, behaving, etc) stiff and unnatural; artificial （指言谈、 文笔、 举止等）生硬的, 不自然的, 矫揉造作的: a rather stilted conversation 颇为生硬的对话. 
stiltedly 
adv.
Stilton
/ 5stIltEn; `stIltn/ n [U] white English cheese with green-blue lines of mould running through it and a strong flavour 斯蒂尔顿乾酪（英国的一种白乳酪, 有蓝绿色霉纹, 味浓）.
stimulant
/ 5stImjUlEnt; `stImjElEnt/ n  1 (drink containinga) drug that increases physical or mental activity and alertness 兴奋剂; 含兴奋剂的饮料: Coffee and tea are mild stimulants. 咖啡和茶都是平和的兴奋剂. * [attrib 作定语] stimulant drugs 兴奋剂.  2 ~ (to sth) event, activity, etc that encourages greater or further activity 起刺激、 激励作用的事情、 活动等: It is hoped the tax cuts will act as a stimulant to further economic growth. 希望降低税率这一措施能刺激经济进一步增长.
stimulate
/ 5stImjUleIt; `stImjE9let/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (to sth) make sb/sth more active or alert; arouse sb/sth 使某人[某事物]奋发起来; 刺激、 激励某人[某事物]: Praise always stimulates him to further efforts/to make greater efforts. 一表扬他就能激励他更加努力. * The exhibition stimulated interest in the artist's work. 这次展览引起人们对这位艺术家的作品的兴趣.  2 [Tn, Cn.t] cause (sth) to work or function 促使（某事物）发挥作用: a hormone that stimulates ovulation 促进排卵的激素.  3 [Tn] arouse the interest and excitement of (sb) 激发（某人）的兴趣和热情: a low level of conversation that failed to stimulate me 不能引起我兴趣的程度很低的会话.
stimulating 
adj (a) tending to stimulate; arousing 刺激性的; 起激励作用的: the stimulating effect of coffee 咖啡的提神作用. (b) interesting or exciting 饶有兴味的; 使人兴奋的: a stimulating discussion 使人感兴趣的讨论 * I find his work very stimulating. 我觉得他的作品引人入胜.
stimulation 
/ 9stImjU5leIFn; 9stImjE`leFEn/ n [U]: a working atmosphere lacking in stimulation 死气沉沉的工作环境.
stimulus
/ 5stImjUlEs; `stImjElEs/ n (pl -li / -laI; -laI/)~ (to sth/to do sth)  1 thing that produces a reaction in living things 使生物体产生反应之物; 刺激物: The nutrient in the soil acts as a stimulus to growth/to make the plants grow. 土壤中的养分能促进植物生长. * Does the child respond to auditory stimuli? ie Does he react to the sounds around him? 那孩子对声音有反应吗?  2 (fml 文) thing that encourages or excites sb/sth to activity, greater effort, etc 起鼓舞或激励作用的事物; 促进因素: the stimulus of fierce competition 引起激烈竞争的事物 * Her words of praise were a stimulus to work harder. 她赞扬的话鼓舞人工作更努力.
sting
/ stIN; stIN/ n  1 [C] sharp pointed organ of some insects (eg bees, wasps) and other animals, used for wounding and (usu) injecting poison （某些昆虫, 如蜜蜂、 黄蜂, 及其他动物的）螫针, 螫刺, 毒刺: The sting of a scorpion is in its tail. 蝎子的毒钩在其尾部.  2 [C] sharp pointed hair on the surface of the leaf of some plants (eg nettles) that causes pain when touched （某些植物, 如荨麻, 叶子表面上的）螫毛.  3 [C] (a) (pain from) wounding by an animal's or a plant's sting （动物螫刺或植物螫毛造成的）螫痛, 刺痛: That bee gave me a nasty sting. 那只蜜蜂狠狠地蜇了我一下. * The sting of a jellyfish is very painful. 让水母刺著是很痛的. (b) place of a wound made by a sting 螫伤处; 蜇伤处: Her face was covered in wasp stings. 她脸上满是黄蜂蜇过的伤痕.  4 [C, U] any sharp pain of body or mind; wounding effect （身体上或精神上的）剧痛, 造成伤痛的作用力: ointment to take the sting out of the burn 烧伤止痛药膏 * the sting of the wind 风刮的刺痛 * the sting of remorse, jealousy, etc 因悔恨、 忌妒等而感到的剧烈痛苦 * His tongue has a nasty sting, ie He says hurtful things. 他的舌头能蜇人（说话伤人）.  5 (idm 习语) a ,sting in the `tail unpleasant feature which only becomes apparent atthe end 直到最後才显现出来的坏处: The announcementof the pay rise had a sting in its tail  we would have to work longer hours. 宣布了提高工资有个倒霉事在後头--我们得延长工时.
sting-ray 
n large wide flat fish that can cause severe wounds with its stinging tail 刺鳐 （体扁而宽的大鱼, 尾有毒刺具杀伤力）.
sting
/ stIN; stIN/ v (pt, pp stung / stQN; stQN/)  1 [I, Tn] prick or wound (sb) with or as if with a sting; have the ability to do this 蜇（伤）, 刺（伤）（某人）; 有蜇（伤）的能力: Not all nettles sting. 并非所有的荨麻接触後都有刺痛感. * a stinging wind 刺骨的风 * A bee stung me on the cheek. 一只蜜蜂蜇了我的脸. * The smoke is stinging my eyes. 烟把我的眼睛熏得很疼. * The impact of the tennis ball really stung his leg. 网球撞击在他的腿上, 真够疼的. * (fig 比喻) His words certainly stung (her). 他的话确实刺痛了（她）. * He was stung (ie deeply upset) by their insults. 他因受到他们的侮辱而非常气愤.  2 [I] feel sharp pain 感到剧痛: My eyes are stinging from the smoke. 我的眼睛让烟熏得很疼. * His knee stung from the graze. 他的膝盖擦伤後十分疼痛.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to/into sth) provoke sb by making him angry, upset or offended 激怒、 惹恼或冒犯某人: Their taunts stung him to action/into fighting. 他们冷嘲热讽惹得他采取了行动[打了起来]. * Her insult stung him into making a rude reply. 她侮辱了他, 气得他粗鲁地反唇相讥.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (infml 口) charge sb too much money (for sth); swindle sb （为某事物）向某人索取高价, 诈骗某人钱财: He was stung for 5, ie had to pay this amount. 他让人家敲了5英镑的竹杠. * How much did they sting you for? 他们骗了你多少钱?
stinger 
n (infml 口) thing that stings, esp a painful blow 造成伤痛的事物; （尤指）使人疼痛的一击.
stinging-nettle 
n = nettle 1.
stingy
/ 5stIndVI; `stIndVI/ adj (infml 口) spending, using or giving unwillingly; mean 吝啬的; 吝惜的; 小气的: Don't be so stingy with the sugar! 别那麽吝惜糖! * He's very stingy about lending money. 他非常吝啬, 不愿借钱给别人. * a stingy portion of food 量很少的一份食物. 
stingily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
stinginess 
n [U].
stink
/ stINk; stINk/ v (pt stank / stNk; stANk/ or  stunk / stQNk; stQNk/, pp stunk) (infml 口)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) have a very unpleasant and offensive smell 有臭味; 发臭: That rotten fish stinks. 那条鱼腐烂得发臭了. * Her breath stank of garlic. 她呼吸中有大蒜味.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) seem very unpleasant, bad or dishonest 似乎很让人讨厌、 很糟糕或很不正当: The whole business stinks (of corruption)! 这件事从头到尾都散发著（贪污腐化的）臭味! * What do I think of the film? It stinks (ie is of very low quality)! 我认为这部影片怎麽样? 简直糟透了!  3 (phr v) stink sth out fill a place with a very unpleasant smell 使某处充满臭味: He stank the whole house out with his tobacco smoke. 他吸烟把整所房子弄得难闻极了.
stink 
n  1 [C] (infml 口) very unpleasant smell 非常难闻的气味; 臭味: What a stink! 真臭!  2 [sing] (sl 俚) trouble; fuss 麻烦; 忙乱: The whole business caused quite a stink. 整件事弄得乱七八糟. * kick up/raise/make a `stink (about sth) （在某事上）惹出麻烦.  3 (idm 习语) like `stink (sl 俚) intensely; very hard 紧张地; 十分努力: working like stink 干活十分卖力.
stinker 
n (Brit)  1 (dated sl 旧, 俚) very unpleasant person 讨厌的人.  2 (infml 口) thing that is very severe or difficult to do 非常棘手或困难的事情: The biology paper (ie in an examination) was a real stinker. 生物试卷真难答.
stinking 
adj [attrib 作定语] (sl 俚) very bad or unpleasant; horrible 极坏的; 很讨厌的; 糟透的: I don't want your stinking money. 我才不要你的臭钱呢. * She'd got a stinking cold. 她得了重感冒.  adv (sl 俚) extremely; very 极其; 非常: stinking rich/drunk 十分富有[烂醉如泥].
stink-bomb 
n small container which when broken gives off a very unpleasant smell (as a practical joke) 臭弹（破碎时可发出恶臭, 作恶作剧用）.
stint
/ stInt; stInt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ on sth; ~ sb/oneself (of sth) (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) restrict, limit sb/oneself to a small amount of (esp food) 节制、 限制某人[自己]（尤指食物）: Don't stint (on) the cream! 不要舍不得奶油! * She stinted herself of food in order to let the children have enough. 她自己省著吃, 好让孩子们吃饱. Cf 参看 unstinting.
stint 
n  1 person's fixed or allotted amount or period of work, etc （工作等）固定的或指定的量或期限; 定量; 定额; 任期: Everybody must do a daily stint in the kitchen. 每个人都应该每天在厨房里干点活儿. * Then I had a stint as security officer in Hong Kong. 我那时在香港做过一阵护卫员.  2 (idm 习语) without `stint (fml 文) without holding back; generously and in large amounts 毫无保留地; 慷慨地; 大量地: She praised them without stint. 她极力夸奖他们.
stipend
/ 5staIpend; `staIpZnd/ n official income (esp of a clergyman); salary 薪俸（尤指神职人员的）; 薪金.
stipendiary 
/ staI5pendIErI; ?@ -dIerI; staI`pZndI9ZrI/ adj receiving a stipend 有薪俸的; 受薪的: a stipendiary magistrate, ie a paid professional magistrate 受薪的地方法官.  n stipendiary magistrate 受薪的地方法官.
stipple
/ 5stIpl; `stIpl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] paint, draw or engrave (sth) in small dots (not in lines, etc) 用点画、 点描或点刻法描绘或雕刻（某物）（不用线条等）: a stippled effect 点画效果.
stipple
/ 5stIpl; `stIpl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] paint, draw or engrave (sth) in small dots (not in lines, etc) 用点画、 点描或点刻法描绘或雕刻（某物）（不用线条等）: a stippled effect 点画效果.
stipulate
/ 5stIpjUleIt; `stIpjE9let/ v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) clearly and firmly as a requirement 讲明, 规定（某要求）: I stipulated red paint, not black. 我已讲明要红漆, 不要黑漆. * It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days. 按规定货物须在三日内送交.
stipulation 
/ 9stIpjU5leIFn; 9stIpjE`leFEn/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] action of stipulating 讲明; 规定. (b) [C] thing stipulated; condition 契约; 合同; 协定; 条件; 条款: on the stipulation that... 按规定... * There are several stipulations. 有几项条件.
stir
/ st\:(r); st[/ v (-rr-)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) move a spoon, etc round and round in (a liquid or some other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly 搅动, 搅和, 搅拌（液体等）: stir one's tea with a spoon 用匙搅动茶 * stir the porridge, cake mixture, sauce, etc 搅动麦片粥、 做蛋糕的混合料、 沙司等. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth into sth; ~ sth in add one substance to another in this way 用搅拌方法将某物搀入另一物中: stir milk into a cake mixture 把牛奶搅和到做蛋糕的混合料中 * stir the nuts in (well) 把果仁（均匀地）拌入.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move slightly （使某物）微动: Not a leaf was stirring, ie There was no wind to move the leaves. 树叶一动都不动（无风）. * A gentle breeze stirred the leaves. 微风吹动了树叶. * Nobody was stirring in the house, ie Everybody was resting, sleeping, etc. 屋里没有动静（大家都在休息、 睡觉等）. * She's not stirring/She hasn't stirred yet, ie She is still in bed. 她还没起床. * Stir yourself! ie Get moving! Get busy! 动弹动弹（活动起来; 找点事干）!  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) excite or arouse (a person or his feelings, etc) 激励, 鼓励（某人）; 激发（某人的感情等）: The story stirred the boy's imagination. 那故事引发了那男孩的幻想. * Discontent stirred the men to mutiny. 不满情绪酿成了兵变.  4 [I] (esp of a feeling) begin to be felt （尤指感情）引起, 激起, 挑起, 唤起: Pity stirred in her heart. 她油然产生恻隐之心. * Old memories stirred as she looked at the photographs. 她看到这些照片, 唤起了对往事的回忆.  5 [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) cause trouble between people (esp by telling untrue stories, gossiping, etc) 搬弄是非（尤指以不实之词、 流言蜚语等）: Who's been stirring? 是谁搬弄是非?  6 (idm 习语) stir one's/the `blood rouse sb to excitement or enthusiasm 使某人的血液沸腾; 使某人激动或兴奋: The music really stirred my blood. 这音乐的确使我非常激动. stir one's `stumps (infml joc 口, 谑) walk or move faster; hurry 快走; 赶紧; 赶快.  7 (phr v) stir sb up rouse sb to action 鼓动某人采取行动: The men are being stirred up by outsiders. 士兵受到了外人的煽动. * He needs stirring up. 他需要鼓励. stir sth up cause (trouble, etc) 惹起（麻烦等）: stir up trouble, unrest, discontent, etc among the workers 在工人中挑起事端、 煽起动乱、 激起不满情绪等.
stir 
n  1 [C] action of stirring (stir1 1a) 搅动; 搅和; 搅拌: Give the soup a stir. 把汤搅拌一下.  2 [sing] excitement; fuss; disturbance 激动; 纷乱; 骚乱: The news caused quite a stir in the village. 那消息在村里引起了一片混乱.
stirrer 
/ 5st\:rE(r); `st[L/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who habitually causes trouble between other people 经常搬弄是非的人; 捣乱分子.
stirring 
/ 5st\:rIN; `st[IN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] very exciting 令人兴奋的; 激动人心的: stirring adventure stories 扣人心弦的冒险故事. 
stirringly 
adv.
stir-fry 
v (pt, pp -fried) [Tn] cook (vegetables, meat, etc) by frying them for a short time in very hot oil while stirring them （用旺火）快炒（蔬菜、 肉等）.  n oriental dish made in this way （东方式）炒菜.
stir
/ st\:(r); st[/ n (idm 习语) in stir (sl 俚) in prison 坐牢.
stirrup
/ 5stIrEp; `stIrEp/ n either of a pair of D-shaped metal or leather foot-supports hanging down from a horse's saddle 马镫: a pair of stirrups 一副马镫.
stirrup-cup 
n drink (of wine, etc) given to a rider on horseback before he begins a journey, esp formerly （给骑马登程者喝的）饯别酒等（尤指旧时）.
stirrup-pump 
n small portable pump used for putting out small fires （手提式）小型灭火泵.
stitch
/ stItF; stItF/ n  1 [C] (a) single passing of a needle and thread into and out of cloth, etc in sewing, or into and out of skin tissue, etc in surgery （缝纫或外科缝合的）一针. =>illus at sew 见sew插图. (b) (in knitting or crochet) one complete turn of the wool, etc over the needle （编结或编织的）一针; （钩针编织的）一钩.  2 [C] (a) loop of thread, wool, etc made in this way 针脚: make long, short, neat, etc stitches 缝长、 短、 匀整...针脚 * The cut in my hand needed five stitches. 我手上的伤口需要缝五针. (b) piece of thread used to sew tissue together in surgery （外科的）缝线: I'm having my stitches (taken) out today, ie removed from a wound that has healed. 我的伤口今天拆线.  3 [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) particular pattern of stitches or way of stitching (in sewing, knitting or crochet) 缝法; 针法; 织法; 编结法: chain-stitch 链形缝法 * knitting in purl stitch 以反针编织.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] sudden sharp pain in the muscles at the side of the body (caused eg by running too hard) （胁部的）突然剧痛（如跑步过力所致）: Can we slow down and walk for a bit? I'm getting a stitch. 咱们放慢速度步行一会儿好吗? 我觉得腰部突然一阵剧痛.  5 (idm 习语) drop a stitch => drop2. have not (got) a `stitch on/not be wearing a `stitch (infml 口) be naked 一丝不挂; 赤身露体. in `stitches (infml 口) laughing uncontrollably 大笑不止; 捧腹大笑: The play had us in stitches. 这出戏把我们笑得前仰後合. a ,stitch in ,time saves `nine (saying 谚) if one takes action or does a piece of work immediately, it may save a lot of extra work later 一针及时, 可省九针（及时行动, 免得问题成堆）.
stitch  
1 (a) [I, Tn] put stitches in or on (sth); sew 缝, 缝合, 编结, 编织（某物）; 缝纫: stitching (a shirt) by candlelight 点著蜡烛缝（衬衫）. (b) [Tn.pr] join or fasten (sth) with stitches 将（某物）缝上: stitch a button on a dress 在连衣裙上钉个钮扣 * stitch a zip into a skirt 给裙子缝上拉链.  2 (phr v) stitch sth up join together or close sth by stitching 缝合、 缝补某物: stitch up a wound/a hole 缝合伤口[缝补破洞] * We'll soon have you (ie your wound) stitched up! 我们很快就把你的伤口缝好!
stitching 
n [U] (row, group, etc of) stitches 针脚（的一行、 串等）: neat stitching 匀整的针脚 * The stitching has come undone. 针脚开线了.
stoat
/ stEUt; stot/ n ermine, esp when its fur is brown in the summer 扫雪, 短尾鼬, 白鼬（尤指夏季毛为褐色时）. Cf 参看 weasel.
stock
/ stCk; stBk/ n  1 [C, U] store of goods available for sale, distribution or use, in a shop, warehouse, etc （商店、 货栈等的）库存物, 存货: a good stock of shoes 库存充足的鞋 * Our new stock of winter clothes will arrive soon. 我们的新冬装很快就到货. * Your order can be supplied from stock. 您订的货可从仓库中提取.2 [C, U] ~ (of sth) supply or amount of sth available for use, etc 供给; 供应; 贮备量: a good stock of jokes 很多的笑话 * get in stocks of coal for the winter 储存冬季用煤 * Stocks of food are running low. 存的食物越来越少了. * [attrib 作定语] Stationery is kept in the stock cupboard. 文具存放在贮物柜里.  3 (also `livestock) [U] farm animals 家畜; 牲畜: buy some more stock for breeding 再买些牲畜来饲养.  4 [C, U] money lent to a government at a fixed rate of interest 公债: government stock 公债.  5 (a) [U] capital of a business company （公司的）资本. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] portion of this held by an investor (different from shares in that it is not issued in fixed amounts) 股份（不按固定数目发行的, 有别於shares）: invest in stocks and shares 投资於证券.  6 [U] person's line of ancestry; family line (of the type specified by the adj) 世系, 家世, 血统（以形容词表明所属类型）: a woman of Irish stock 有爱尔兰血统的女子 * born of farming stock, ie in a family of farmers 农民家庭出身.  7 [U] (fml 文) person's standing or reputation in the opinion of others （别人的）评价; 名声: His stock is high, ie He is well thought of. 他的声望很高.  8 [U] raw material ready to be used in manufacturing sth 原料: `paper stock, eg rags, wood, etc to be made into paper 造纸原料（如破布、 木材等）.  9 [C, U] liquid made by stewing bones, meat, fish, vegetables, etc in water, used as a basis for soups, gravy, etc （用骨头、 肉、 鱼、 蔬菜等炖成的）汤汁, 高汤: sauce made with chicken stock 用鸡汤做的沙司.  10 [C] base, support or handle of an instrument, a tool, etc （仪器、 工具等的）基座, 支座, 手柄: the stock of a rifle/plough/whip 步枪枪托[犁具手柄/鞭子把手]. =>illus at gun 见gun插图.  11 [C] lower and thicker part of a tree trunk 树干下部的粗大部分.  12 [C] growing plant onto which a cutting is grafted 砧木.  13 stocks [pl] framework supporting a ship while it is being built or repaired 船台（造船或修船的）.  14 stocks [pl] wooden framework with holes for the feet (and sometimes also the hands) in which wrongdoers were formerly locked, as a punishment 足枷（有时附手枷, 旧时刑具）: be put in the stocks 被戴上足枷. Cf 参看 pillory.  15 [C] (a) wide band of stiff material formerly worn around the neck by men （旧时男子颈上围的）硬领. (b) type of cravat worn as part of a formal riding kit （作为正式骑马服装之配件的）领巾. (c) piece of black or purple fabric worn hanging from a clergyman's collar over the front of his shirt （牧师系的）黑领带或紫领带.  16 [C, U] type of garden plant with single or double brightly coloured and sweet-smelling flowers 紫罗兰.  17 (idm 习语) (be) in/out of `stock available/not available (in a shop, etc) （商店等中）有[无]现货的: The book is in/out of stock. 该书有库存[已脱销]. * Have you any grey pullovers in stock? 你们有灰色套头毛衣的现货吗? lock, stockand barrel => lock2. on the `stocks being constructedor prepared 在建造中; 在准备中: Our new model is already on the stocks and will be available in the autumn. 我们正著手生产一种新的款式, 可望在秋季面世. take stock (of sth) examine and make a list of all the goods (in a shop, warehouse, etc) （商店、 仓库等）盘点存货. take stock (of sb/sth) review, assess and form an opinion (about a situation, sb's abilities, etc) （对情况、 某人的能力等）进行检查、 评估和鉴定: After a year in the job, she decided it was time to take stock (of her situation). 她从事此工作一年之後, 决定（对自己的情况）检讨一番.
stock 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 usually kept in stock and regularly available 通常备有现货的; 常备的: stock sizes 常备尺码 * one of our stock items 本店常备商品之一.  2 commonly used; used too much (and therefore not interesting, effective, etc) 常用的; 陈腐的: a stock argument 陈腐的论点 * stock questions/answers 经常碰到的问题[老一套的回答] * She's tired of her husband's stock jokes. 她已听厌了丈夫说的那些老一套的俏皮话.
stock-breeder 
n farmer who raises or breeds livestock 牲畜饲养者; 畜牧业者.
stockbroker (also broker) 
n person who buys and sells stocks and shares for clients 证券经纪人; 股票经纪人. `stockbroking n [U]: He's in stockbroking. 他从事股票经纪业务. * [attrib 作定语] a stockbroking friend of mine 我那干股票经纪的朋友.
stock-car 
n  1 ordinary car that has been speciallystrengthened for use in racing where deliberate bumpingis allowed 经特别加固可在允许故意碰撞的比赛中使用的普通汽车.  2 (US) railway truck for carrying cattle 运牲口的火车车厢. `stock-car racing racing of stock-cars(1) 普通型汽车赛.
stock certificate 
(US) certificate for the purchase of shares (share1 3) 股票; 股份证书.
stock company  
1 company of actors who have a repertoire of plays which they perform at a particular theatre 固定剧团（在固定剧场演出保留节目的专业剧团）.  2 (also joint-`stock company) group of people who carry on a business with money contributed by all 股份公司.
stock-cube 
n cube of dried stock1(9) used for making soup, etc 固体汤料: beef stock-cubes 固体牛肉汤料.
stock exchange 
place where stocks and shares are publicly bought and sold; (group of professional dealers engaged in) such business 股票交易所; 证券交易所: The London Stock Exchange is in turmoil today. 今天伦敦证券市场一片混乱. * lose money on the stock exchange 在股票交易中赔钱.
stockholder 
n (esp US) person who owns stocks and shares 股票持有人; 股东.
stock-in-trade 
n [U]  1 everything needed for a particular trade or occupation 干某行业所需的一切.  2 (fig 比喻) words, actions, behaviour, etc commonly used, displayed, etc by a particular person 某人惯用的言辞、 手段、 作法等: Facetious remarks are part of his stock-in-trade. 讲俏皮话是他的拿手好戏.
stockjobber 
n member of a stock exchange who buys and sells stocks and shares so as to take advantage of variations in their prices, dealing with stockbrokers but not with the general public 证券批销经纪（仅与证券经纪交易以赚取差价, 不直接与公众交易者）.
stockman 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (Austral 澳) man in charge of livestock （男）畜牧工, 饲养员.
stock-market 
n stock exchange or the business conducted there 股票市场; 证券市场; 股票交易; 证券交易: dealings on the stock-market 股票市场的交易 * [attrib 作定语] stock-market prices 股市价格.
stockpile 
n large supply of goods, materials, etc collected and kept for future use (esp because they may become difficult to obtain, eg in a war) 物资贮备（尤指紧缺货物、 材料等之储存, 如战时所为）.  v [Tn] collect and keep (a supply of goods, etc) in this way 储备, 贮存（供应品等）: stockpiling nuclear weapons 储备核武器.
stock-pot 
n pot in which stock1(9) is made or kept （炖或存原汁汤用的）锅, 罐.
stock-taking 
n [U]  1 making a list of all the stock1(1) in a shop, etc 清点存货; 盘存: Next week we shall be closed for stock-taking. 下星期我们暂停营业盘点存货.  2 review of one's situation, position, resources, etc （对自己的情况、 地位、 资源等的）估量, 评估.
stockyard 
n enclosure where cattle are kept temporarilyor sorted, eg at a market, before being killed or sold or moved elsewhere （临时的或分种类的）牲畜栏（如市场上的、 屠宰或出售前的或转运前的）.
stock
/ stCk; stBk/ v  1 [Tn] keep (goods) in stock; keep a supply of 储备, 贮存（货物）; 保持...之供应: Do you stock raincoats? 你们有雨衣存货吗? * They stock all sizes. 他们各种尺码齐备.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) provide or equip sth with goods, livestock or a supply of sth （以货物、 牲畜或供应品）供应某处: stock a shop with goods 向商店供货 * a shop well stocked with the latest fashions 备有各种最新款式的商店 * a badly stocked library 藏书不多的图书馆 * (fig 比喻) He has a memory well stocked with facts. 他记著很多事情.  3 (phr v) stock up (on/with sth) (for sth) collect and keep supplies (of sth for a particular occasion or purpose) （为某种需要或目的）储备（某物）: As soon as they heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up. 他们一听说食物可能短缺, 就立即储备起来. * stock up on fuel for the winter 贮存燃料以备过冬 * stock up with food for Christmas 为圣诞节购备食品.
stockist 
/ 5stCkIst; `stBkIst/ n person or business firm that stocks certain goods for sale 有存货的商人或商号: available from all good stockists 从所有存货齐备的商店都可买到.
stock-still
/ 9stCk 5stIl; `stBk`stIl/ adv motionlessly 静止地: remain standing stock-still 一动不动地站著.
stockade
/ stC5keId; stBk`ed/ n line or wall of strong upright (esp wooden) posts, built as a defence （防御用的）栅栏（尤指木头的）.
stockade 
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] defend (an area) with a stockade 用栅栏防御（某区域）.
stockinet (also stockinette) 
/ 9stCkI5net; 9stBkIn`Zt/ n [U] fine elastic machine-knitted material, used for underwear, etc 弹力织物（用作内衣料等）.
stocking
/ 5stCkIN; `stBkIN/ n  1 either of a pair of tight-fitting coverings for the feet and legs, reaching to or above the knee 长筒袜: a pair of nylon/silk/woollen/cotton stockings 一双长筒的尼龙[丝/毛/棉]袜. Cf 参看 tights.  2 (idm 习语) in one's stocking(ed) `feet wearing socks or stockings but not shoes 只穿袜不穿鞋的.
stocky
/ 5stCkI; `stBkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu of people) short, strong and solid in appearance （通常指人）矮而强壮的: stocky legs 短而粗的腿 * a stocky little man 敦实的男子. 
stockily 
adv: a stockily built man 五短身材的壮汉. 
stockiness 
n [U].
stodge
/ stCdV; stBdV/ n [U] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) food that is heavy, solid and not easy to digest 水分少而不易消化的食物.
stodgy 
/ 5stCdVI; `stBdVI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 (of food) heavy, solid and difficult to digest （指食物）水分少而难消化的: stodgy school meals 学校里吃的淀粉多而不好消化的饭菜.  2 (of a book, etc) written in a heavy uninteresting way （指书等）冗长乏味的.  3 (of a person) uninteresting; not lively; dull （指人）无趣的, 无生气的, 迟钝的. 
stodgily 
adv. 
stodginess 
n [U].
stoic
/ 5stEUIk; `stoIk/ n (fml 文) person who has great self-control and who endures pain, discomfort or misfortune without complaining or showing signs of feeling it 斯多葛派人士（有高度自制力的人, 能忍受困苦或不幸而无怨言或仍泰然自若）.
stoical 
/ -kl; -kl/ (also stoic) adj (fml 文) of or like a stoic; enduring pain, etc without complaint （似）斯多葛派的; 经受痛苦等而无怨言的: a very stoical response to hardship 经受苦难仍泰然自若. 
stoically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
stoicism 
/ 5stEUIsIzEm; `stoI9sIzEm/ n [U] (fml 文) behaving stoically 斯多葛哲学; 自制; 坚忍: She showed great stoicism during her husband's final illness. 她在丈夫患病临终期间表现出了坚强的毅力. * They reacted to the appalling weather with typical British stoicism. 他们忍受著恶劣天气的煎熬, 表现了英国人典型的坚忍不拔的精神.
stoke
/ stEUk; stok/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) put (coal or some other fuel) on the fire of a furnace, an engine, etc （给熔炉、 机车等）添加（煤或其他燃料）: stoke the boiler with coal 给锅炉加煤.  2 (phr v)stoke up (with sth) (a) stoke a fire, etc （往火里等）加煤, 加燃料: The caretaker stokes up twice a day. 管理员每天往火里加两次煤. (b) (infml 口) fill oneself with food; eat a lot 吃饱; 大吃: You should stoke up now  you may not get another meal today. 你现在得吃得饱饱的--你今天可能再没饭吃了.
stoker 
n  1 person who stokes a furnace, etc, esp on a ship 司炉（尤指船上的）.  2 mechanical device for doing this 加煤机; 加燃料机.
stokehole (also `stokehold) 
n place where a ship's furnaces are stoked （轮船上的）锅炉舱.
STOL
/ 9es ti: EU 5el or, in informal use, 俗读作 stCl; 9Zs ti o`Zl, stol/ abbr 缩写 = (of aircraft) short take-off and landing （指飞机）短距起落: a STOL plane 短距起落飞机 * flying STOLs 短距起落飞行. Cf 参看 VTOL.
stole
/ stEUl; stol/ n  1 women's garment like a wide scarf, worn around the shoulders （女用）披肩.  2 strip of silk or other material worn (round the neck with the ends hanging down in front) by some Christian priests during services （某些基督教教士在举行仪式时佩的）圣带（用绸或其他料子制成, 佩在领部, 两端垂於前方）.
stole
pt, pp of steal.
stolen
pp of steal.
stolid
/ 5stClId; `stBlId/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of a person) not easily excited; showing little or no emotion or interest （指人）不易激动的, 不热情的, 冷漠的: He conceals his feelings behind a rather stolid manner. 他装作无动於衷的样子以掩盖自己的感情. 
stolidly 
adv. 
stolidity 
/ stE5lIdEtI; stE`lIdEtI/ (also stolidness) n [U].
stomach
/ 5stQmEk; `stQmEk/ n  1 [C] bag-like organ of the body into which food passes when swallowed and in which the first part of digestion occurs 胃: It's unwise to swim on a full stomach, ie when one has just eaten a meal. 刚吃完饭不宜游泳. * I don't like going to work on an empty stomach, ie without having eaten anything. 我不愿意空著肚子去上班. * He felt an aching feeling in (the pit of) his stomach. 他胃疼. * [attrib 作定语] a stomach upset, disorder, etc 反胃、 胃不适. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.  2 [C] (infml 口) front part of the body between the chest and thighs; abdomen 肚子; 腹部: He hit me in the stomach. 他击中我的肚子.  3 [U] (a) appetite for food 食欲; 胃口: have a very small stomach 胃口很小. (b) ~ for sth (fig 比喻) desire or eagerness for sth 对某事物的欲望或渴求: I had no stomach for a fight. 我不想打架.  4 (idm 习语) sb's eyes are bigger than his stomach => eye1. sick to one's stomach => sick. a strong stomach => strong. turn one's `stomach cause sb to be disgusted or revolted 使某人反胃或恶心: The film about eye operations turned my stomach. 这部眼科手术的影片看得我恶心极了.
stomach 
v [Tn] (esp in negative sentences or questions 尤用於否定句或疑问句)  1 eat (sth) without feeling ill 吃（某物）而不感到难受: I can't stomach seafood. 我吃不惯海味.  2 endure (sth); tolerate 忍受（某事物）; 容忍: How could you stomach all the violence in the film? 那部影片里的那些暴力场面, 你怎麽竟看得下去呢?
stomach-ache 
n [C] pain in the stomach or the bowels 胃痛; 腹痛; 肚子痛.
stomach-pump 
n pump with a flexible tube, inserted into the stomach through the mouth and used to remove (esp poisonous) substances from the stomach or to force liquid into it 胃唧筒（洗胃器具）.
stomp
/ stCmp; stBmp/ v [Ipr, Ip] ~ about, around, off, etc (infml 口) move, walk, dance, etc with a heavy step (in the specified direction) 以重踏步方式（向某方向）移动、 行进、 跳舞等: stomp about noisily 脚步重重地踱来踱去 * She slammed the door and stomped (off) out of the house. 她砰的一声关上了门, 腾腾地走出了屋了. =>Usage at stump 用法见 stump.
Portland stone
/ 9pR:tlEnd 5stEUn; 9pRrtlEnd `ston/ type of yellowish-white limestone used for building 波特兰石（一种白中发黄的石灰石, 用於建筑）.
stone
/ stEUn; ston/ n  1 [U] (often used attributively or in compounds 常用作定语或用以构成复合词) hard solid mineral substance that is not metallic; (type of) rock 石; 石头; 岩石: `sandstone 沙岩 * `limestone 石灰岩 * a house built of grey `stone 用灰色石料砌成的房子 * stone walls, buildings, floors, statues, ie made or built of stone 石墙、 石楼、 石板地面、 石雕 * What type of stone is this? 这是什麽石头?  2 [C] piece of rock of any shape, usu small in size, broken or cut off 石块; 石子; 碎石: a pile of stones 一堆石块 * a road covered with stones 碎石路 * Small stones rolled down the hillside as they ran up. 他们跑上山坡, 同时有些小石子滚了下来. * She picked up the stone and threw it into the river. 她捡起那块石头扔进河里了.  3 [C] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) piece of stone shaped for a particular purpose 加工成某形状作某用途的石块: a `gravestone 墓碑 * `stepping-stones 踏脚石 * `paving stones 铺路石 * `tombstones 墓碑 * `millstones 磨石.  4 (also precious `stone) [C] jewel or gem 宝石; 钻石: a sapphire ring with six small stones 镶有六颗小蓝宝石的戒指.  5 (also esp US pit) [C] (sometimes in compounds 有时用以构成复合词) hard shell containing the nut or seed inside some fruits (eg apricots, olives, plums, cherries, peaches) 核（如杏、 橄榄、 李子、 樱桃、 桃的）: a damson stone 西洋李子的核. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图.  6 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) small hard object that has formed in the bladder or kidney and causes pain 结石（膀胱或肾脏中的）: an operation to remove `kidney stones 取出肾结石的手术. Cf 参看 gallstone (gall).  7 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (abbr 缩写 st) (Brit) unit of weight; 14 pounds 　石（重量单位, 等於14磅）: He weighs 10 stone. 他体重10　石. * two stones of potatoes 两　石的土豆. =>App 5 见附录5.  8 (idm 习语) blood out of/from a stone => blood1. hard as nails/stone => hard1. a heart of stone => heart. kill two birds with one stone => kill. leave no stone unturned => leave1. people in glass houses shouldn't throw stones => people. sink like a stone => sink1. a `stone's throw a very short distance 很短的距离: We live a stone's throw from/within a stone's throw of here. 我们住的地方离这里很近. a rolling stone gathers no moss => roll2.
stone 
v [Tn]  1 throw stones at (sb) (esp formerly as a punishment) 向（某人）扔石块; 用石头砸（某人）（尤指旧时作为惩罚手段）: stoned to death 受以石击毙刑.  2 remove the stones (stone 5) from (fruit) 去掉（水果）的核: stoned dates 去核的枣.  3 (idm 习语) ,stone the `crows (Brit sl 俚) (used as an exclamation of surprise, shock, disgust, etc 用作感叹语, 表示惊讶、 震惊、 嫌恶等): Well, stone the crows, he's done it again! 哎呀, 好家伙, 他又干了一次! stoned adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (sl 俚) (a) very drunk 烂醉. (b) under the influence of (usu soft) drugs 在（通常为软性的）毒品刺激下.
stoneless 
adj without stones 无核的: stoneless fruit 无核的水果.
the Stone Age 
very early period of human history when tools and weapons were made of stone, not metal 石器时代: [attrib 作定语] Stone Age settlements 石器时代的居民点.
stone-cold 
adj completely cold 完全凉的: The body was stone-cold. 尸体冰凉了. * This soup is stone-cold. 这汤全凉了. ,stone-cold `sober completely sober and not under the influence of alcoholic drinks 完全清醒的; 未醉的.
stone-dead 
adj completely dead 完全死的.
stone-deaf 
adj completely deaf 完全聋的.
stone-fruit 
n [C, U] fruit of a type that contains stones (stone 5) 核果.
stonemason 
n person who cuts and prepares stone or builds with stone 石工; 石匠.
stoneware 
n [U] pottery made from clay containing a small amount of flint 粗陶器: [attrib 作定语] stoneware jugs 粗陶的罐子.
stonework 
n [U] stone parts of a building, etc, esp when decoratively fashioned; masonry 建筑物等的石造部分（尤指装饰性的）; 石工（技艺）: a church with beautiful stonework 有精美石雕的教堂.
stonewall
/ 9stEUn5wR:l; 9ston`wRl/ v  1 [I, Tn] (infml 口 esp Brit) obstruct (a discussion, etc) by non-committal, evasive or very long replies （用含糊其辞或冗长的回答）阻碍（议事等）: a deliberate attempt to stonewall (the debate) 蓄意设法阻碍（辩论）.  2 [I] (in cricket) bat without trying to score runs （板球）守势击球（不拟跑动得分）. 
stonewaller 
n. 
stonewalling 
n [U].
stony
/ 5stEUnI; `stonI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 full of, covered in or having stones 多石的; 铺石的; 有石的: a stony road 碎石路 * a river with a stony bottom 河底有石子的河.  2 hard, cold, and unsympathetic 铁石心肠的; 冷酷的; 无同情心的: a stony stare, glare, look, gaze, etc 冷眼注视、 怒视、 观望、 凝视等 * maintaining a stony silence 表现毫无同情心的冷漠 * ,stony-`hearted 铁石心肠的.  3 [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) completely without money; penniless 一文不名; 身无分文.  4 (idm 习语) flat/stony broke => broke2.
stonily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv in a stony(2) manner 冷酷地; 无情地: stonily polite 冷冰冰地表示有礼的 * She stared stonily in front of her. 她面无表情地注视著前方.
stood
pt, pp of stand.
stooge
/ stu:dV; studV/ n  1 (theatre sl 戏剧界俚语) comedian's assistant, used as the object of his jokes 滑稽演员的配角（作丑角打趣的对象）.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) person used by another to do routine (usu unpleasant) work 受他人指使处理例行（通常指厌恶的）事务的人. (b) person whose actions are entirely controlled by another 完全受他人指使的人: She's fed up with being her husband's stooge. 她再也不愿意当丈夫的附属品了.
stooge 
v [Ipr] ~ for sb act as a stooge for (a comedian on stage) 给（台上滑稽演员）当配角.
stool
/ stu:l; stul/ n  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) seat without a back or arms, usu for one person 凳子（通常指单人的）: a `bar stool 酒吧间的高凳 * a `piano stool 弹钢琴坐的凳子 * sitting on stools around the table 坐在桌子四周的凳子上. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.  2 = footstool (foot1).  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) (medical or fml 医或文) (piece of) solid waste from the body; faeces 大便; 粪便.  4 (idm 习语) fall between two `stools fail to be or take either of two satisfactory alternatives 两头落空: The author seems uncertain whether he is writing a comedy or a tragedy, so the play falls between two stools. 作者似乎拿不定主意是写喜剧还是写悲剧, 致使这个剧非驴非马.
stool-pigeon 
n (infml 口) person who acts as a decoy, esp to trap a criminal 诱人上圈套者; （尤指）用以诱捕罪犯的人.
stoop
/ stu:p; stup/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) bend forward and down 俯身; 弯腰: She stooped low to look under the bed. 她俯身查看床底. * He stooped under the low beam. 他在低矮的横梁下弯著腰. * stoop (down) to pick sth up 弯腰拾起某物. (b) [Tn] bend (a part of the body) forward and down 俯（身）; 弯（腰）: stoop one's head to get into the car 俯身进入轿车.  2 [I] have the head and shoulders habitually bent over （习惯性）弓背: He's beginning to stoop with age, ie as he gets older. 他年事渐高, 背也开始变驼了.  3 (idm 习语) stoop so low (as to do sth) lower one's moral standards so far (as to do sth) 降低自己的道德标准（以致做出某事）: He tried to make me accept a bribe  I hope I would never stoop so low. 他想让我接受贿赂--我但愿我决不至於做出这种低级的事.  4 (phr v) stoop to sth/doing sth lower one's moral standards to do sth 降低自己的道德标准做某事: He'd stoop to anything, ie He has no moral standards. 他无论多麽不道德的事都干得出来. * I would never stoop to cheating. 我可决不至於下贱到骗人的地步.
stoop 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) stooping position of the body 俯身; 弯腰: walk with a slight stoop 弓著背行走.
stop
/ stCp; stBp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn] put an end to (the movement, progress, operation, etc of a person or thing); cause to halt or pause 使（人或事物的活动、 进展、 操作等）停止; 使中止或暂停: stop a car, train, bicycle, etc 使汽车、 火车、 自行车等停下来 * Rain stopped play, eg in cricket. 赛事因雨暂停（如板球赛）. * He stopped the machine and left the room. 他停了机器, 离开了房间. * The earthquake stopped all the clocks.地震把所有的钟都震停了.  2 [Tn, Tg] cease or discontinue (sth); leave off 停止或不继续做（某事物）; 中断: stop work 停止工作 * Stop it! ie Don't do that! 停下（住手）! * He never stops talking. 他总是说个没完. * She's stopped smoking. 她戒烟了. * Will you stop making that horrible noise! 你别再弄出那种讨厌的响声来行不行! * Has it stopped raining yet? 雨停了吗? * Supplies have stopped reaching us. 给我们的供应品中断了.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg, Tng] ~sb/sth from doing sth prevent sb from doing sth or sth from happening 阻止某人做某事; 阻碍某事物发生: I'm sure he'll go, there's nothing to stop him. 我肯定他要去的, 没法阻止他. * You can't stop our going/us (from) going if we want to. 假若我们要去, 你是阻止不了的. * Can't you stop your son from getting into trouble? 你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦? * I only just managed to stop myself from shouting at him. 我极力控制住自己没对他喊叫起来. * We bandaged his wound but couldn't stop it bleeding/stop the bleeding. 我们给他包扎了伤口, 但止不住血.  4 (a) [I] refrain from continuing; cease working, moving, etc 不继续进行; 终止工作、 活动等: The rain has stopped. 雨停了. * The clock stopped. 钟停了. * His heart has stopped. 他的心脏停止了跳动. (b) [I, Ipr] come to rest; halt or pause 停下; 中止; 暂停: They stopped for a while to admire the scenery. 他们停了一会儿来欣赏风景. * Do the buses stop here? 公共汽车在这里停吗? * The train stopped at the station. 火车在车站上停了下来. =>Usage at and 用法见and.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) fill or close (a gap, hole, etc) by plugging or obstructing; block sth 堵塞, 阻塞（缝隙、 洞孔等）: stop a leak in a pipe, a gap in a hedge 堵住管子的漏洞、 树篱的缺口 * stop up a mouse hole 堵塞老鼠洞 * stop one's ears, ie cover them with one's hands to avoid hearing sth 堵住自己的耳朵.  6 [Tn] fill a cavity in (a tooth) 填补（牙）洞.  7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (out of/from sth) refuse to give or allow (sth normally given); keep sth back 拒绝给予或允许（通常给予之事物）; 扣留某物: stop a cheque, ie order a bank not to cash it 停止兑现支票（通知银行不予兑付） * The cost was stopped out of (ie deducted from) my wages. 那笔费用已从我的工资中扣除.  8 [I, Ipr] (Brit infml 口) stay (esp for a short time) 停留（尤指短时间）; 逗留: Are you stopping (for supper)? 你留在这儿（吃晚饭）吗? * I'm stopping (at) home tonight. 我今晚待在家里. * We stopped at a campsite for a week. 我们在露营地呆了一个星期.  9 [Tn] (music 音) press down (a string or key) or block (a hole on a musical instrument) to produce the note wanted 按（乐器的弦、 键或孔）（以演奏）.  10 (idm 习语) the buck stops here => buck4. stick/stop at nothing => stick2. stop `dead (in one's `tracks) stop very suddenly 突然停止. stop short of sth/doing sth be unwilling to go beyond a certain limit in one's actions 不愿超越行动上的某种界限; 不愿逾矩: He can be ruthless in getting what he wants, but I believe he would stop short of blackmail. 他这个人为达到目的是心黑手辣的, 但我认为他还不至於使用敲诈手段. stop the `show receive so much attention, applause, etc from an audience that the performance, etc cannot continue （因观众或听众气氛热烈、 掌声不断等）无法继续演出.  11 (phr v) stop by (also stop round) (esp US) make a short visit to sb's house, etc; call in 串门子; 串门儿: Ask him to stop by for a chat. 请他来坐坐, 聊聊天. stop off (at/in...) make a short break in a journey (to do sth) 中途稍作停留（做某事）: stop off at the pub on the way home 归途中在酒馆逗留片刻. stop over (at/in...) break one's journey (esp when travelling by air) for a stay 中途停留（尤指乘飞机旅行时）: stop over in Rome for two days en route for the Middle East 在飞往中东途中在罗马停留两天. stop up not go to bed until later than usual 晚睡觉; 熬夜: stop up (late) to watch a film on TV 熬夜看电视影片.
stoppage 
/ 5stCpIdV; `stBpIdV/ n [C]  1 interruption of work in a factory, etc, esp because of a strike 停工（尤指因罢工）: another stoppage at the car plant 汽车厂的又一次罢工.  2 stoppages [pl] amount of money deducted by an employer from wages and salaries, for tax, national insurance, etc （工资薪金中用作纳税、 购买国民保险等的）扣除款: There's not much money left after stoppages. 工资中扣除税款等费用後所剩无几.  3 act of cancelling or withholding (payment, holidays, etc) 停止或取消（付款、 假期等）: stoppage of leave, eg in the army as a punishment 取消休假（如军队中的惩罚）.  4 state of being blocked; blockage or obstruction 堵塞; 阻塞: a stoppage in a gas pipe 煤气管道的堵塞.
stopping 
n filling for a hole in a tooth 牙洞的填充（料）.
stopcock 
n valve or tap that can regulate the flow of liquid or gas through a pipe （调节管道流量的）阀门, 旋塞: If a water-pipe bursts turn off the stopcock immediately. 水管破裂时要立即关紧旋塞.
stopgap 
n person or thing that acts as a temporary substitute for another 临时替代的人或物: [attrib 作定语] stopgap measures in an emergency 紧急情况下的临时措施.
stop-go 
n [esp attrib 尤作定语] (Brit) deliberate alternating of periods of inflation and deflation 通货膨胀时期与通货紧缩时期的有计画的交替: a government's,stop-go eco`nomic policy 政府采取的使通货膨胀与通货紧缩交替进行的经济政策.
stop-light 
n (US)  1 = traffic light (traffic).  2 = brake light (brake).
stopover 
n (a) break in a journey (esp for one night) 中途停留; （尤指）途中过夜. (b) place where one does this 中途停留处; 途中过夜处.
stopping train 
train that stops at many stations between main stations （铁路的）慢车.
stop-press 
n [U] (Brit) late news inserted into a newspaper after printing has begun; space into which this is inserted 报纸开印後临时加插的最新消息; 加插最新消息的空栏: read sth in the stop-press 阅读报纸加插的最新消息 * [attrib 作定语] a `stop-press item 报纸开印後加插的一则最新消息.
stop-watch 
n watch with a hand that can be stopped and started by pressing buttons, used to time races, etc very accurately 秒表, 跑表（速度比赛等用的）.
stop
/ stCp; stBp/ n [C]  1 act of stopping or state of being stopped 停止; 中止; 停留; 逗留: make a short stop on a journey 在途中作短暂停留 * The train came/was brought to a sudden stop. 火车突然停了下来. * The train goes from London to Leeds with only two stops. 这列火车从伦敦开往利兹只停两站. * Production at the factory has come to a complete/full stop. 这家工厂的生产已完全停顿.  2 place where a bus, train, etc stops regularly (eg to allow passengers to get on or off) （公共汽车、 火车等的）停车站: Where is the nearest bus-stop? 离这儿最近的公共汽车站在哪里? * Which stop do I get off at? 我在哪一站下车? * Is this a request stop? 这个站是招手停车的汽车站吗?  3 punctuation mark, esp a full stop (.) 标点符号; （尤指）句号.  4 (music 音) (a) row of pipes in an organ providing tones of one quality （风琴的）排列的管子. (b) knob or lever controlling these （球状或杆状）音栓（控制上述管子的）.  5 (music 音) device for covering any of certain holes on a wind instrument (eg a flute) in order to change the pitch 管乐器（如长笛）的按孔（装置）.  6 (in a camera) device for regulating the size of the aperture through which light reaches the lens （照相机的）光圈.  7 (phonetics 语音) consonant sound produced by the sudden release of air that has been held back (eg / p, b, k, g, t, d/); plosive 塞音（气流受阻後突然释放发出的辅音, 如/ p/、 /b/、 /k/、 /g/、 /t/、 /d/）.  8 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device or object that regulates or stops the movement of sth 调节或制止某物动作的装置或物体: The door was held open by a doorstop. 那门用了门碰头, 一直开著.  9 (idm 习语) pull out all the stops => pull2. put an end/a stop to sth => end1.
stopper
/ 5stCpE(r); `stBpL/ (US plug) n object that fits into and closes an opening, esp the top of a bottle or pipe 阻塞物; 堵塞物; （尤指）瓶塞, 管塞; 栓: put the stopper back into a bottle 把瓶塞再塞在瓶子上. =>illus at bottle 见 bottle 插图.
stopper 
v [Tn] close (sth) with a stopper （用塞子等）塞住（某物）.
storage
/ 5stR:rIdV; `stRrIdV/ n [U]  1 (a) storing of goods, etc （货物等的）贮存, 贮藏: [attrib 作定语] storage space 贮存场地 * a loft with large storage capacity 能储放大量物品的阁楼. (b) space used or available for this 贮存场地; 贮藏所; 仓库: fish kept in cold (ie refrigerated) storage 冷藏鱼 * put furniture in storage 把家具存放起来 * [attrib 作定语] storage tanks, eg for oil 储存容器（如储油罐）.  2 cost of storing things 储存物品的费用; 保管费: have to pay storage 须缴纳保管费.
storage heater 
electric radiator that stores heat(accumulated during periods when electricity is cheaper) 蓄热电暖器（可在电费低廉时储存热能）.
store
/ stR:(r); stRr/ n  1 [C] quantity or supply of sth kept for use as needed 贮存; 储藏; 储备: lay in (ie buy and keep) stores of coal for the winter 储存冬季用煤 * have a good store of food in the house 家里储备了大量食物.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) large accumulated quantity or amount 累积而成的巨大数量: a library with a store of rare books 藏有大量珍本的图书馆 * She keeps a store of amusing stories in her head. 她头脑里有许多有趣的故事.  3 stores [pl] (a) goods, etc of a particular type, or for a special purpose （某类或某用途的）货物、 物品等: military stores 军需品 * government stationery stores 政府的文书用具. (b) supply of such goods or place where they are kept 储备品等的供应; 仓库; 储藏所: available from stores 有存货的.  4 [C] (computing 计) device in a computer for storing and retrieving information 存储器.  5 [C] (esp US) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) shop 商店: the liquor store 酒店 * the drugstore 药店.  6 [C] (esp large) shop selling many different types of goods （尤指大型的）百货商店: a big department store 大百货公司 * a general store in the village 乡村的百货商店.  7 (idm 习语) in store (for sb/sth) (a) kept ready for (future) use 储存著; 备有: He always keeps several cases of wine in store. 他总是备有几箱酒. (b) coming in the future; about to happen 必将到来; 快要发生: I can see trouble in store. 我预见到以後要有麻烦. * There's a surprise in store for you. 你一定要大吃一惊的. set (great/little/no/not much) store by sth consider sth to be of (great/little, etc) importance or value 认为某事物（非常[不太]等）重要或有价值: I don't set (much) store by weather forecasts. 我认为天气预报（有些）靠不住.
store 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/away) collect and keep sth for future use 储备或储存某物: a squirrel storing (up) food for the winter 储存食物准备过冬的松鼠 * I've stored my winter clothes (away) in the attic. 我把冬天的衣服存放在阁楼里了.  2 [Tn] put (furniture, etc) in a warehouse, etc to be kept safe 将（家具等）保存在仓库等中: They've stored their furniture while they go abroad. 他们出国时把家具送到仓库保管起来.  3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(with sth) stock sth (with sth useful); supply or fill sth 装备某事物; 供应或装满某事物: a gallery stored with fine paintings 藏有珍品画的艺术馆 * a mind well stored with facts 博闻强记的头脑.  4 [Tn] hold (sth); contain 容纳（某物）; 含有: This cupboard can store enough food for a month. 这个食橱能装下足够一个月之用的食物.
storekeeper 
n (esp US) = shopkeeper (shop).
storehouse 
(a) building where things are stored 仓库; 货栈. (b) (fig 比喻) person, place or thing having or containing much information 知识渊博的人; 知识宝库: This book is a storehouse of useful information. 这本书里汇集了大量有用的资料.
store-room 
n room used for storing things, esp in a house 贮藏室（尤指住宅中的）.
storey (US story) 
/ 5stR:rI; `stRrI/ n (pl storeys; US stories)  1 section of a building with rooms all at the same level; floor 楼层: a house of two storeys 两层的楼房 * live on the third storey of a block of flats 住在公寓楼的第四层楼上 * a five-storey building 五层楼的大厦 *a multi-storey car-park 多层停车场.  2 (idm 习语) the top storey => top1.
-storeyed (US -storied) 
/ -5stR:rId; -`stRrId/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having thenumber of storeys specified 有若干楼层的: a six-storeyed building 六层的大楼.
stork
/ stR:k; stRrk/ n large (usu white) water bird with a long beak, neck and legs, sometimes building its nest on the tops of high buildings 鹳; （通常指）白鹳.
storm
/ stR:m; stRrm/ n  1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) occasion of violent weather conditions, with strong winds and usu rain or snow or thunder, etc 风暴; 暴风雨; 暴风雪; 雷暴天气: a `thunder-/`wind-/`rain-/`snow-/`dust-/`sand-storm 雷暴[风暴/雨暴/雪暴/尘暴/沙暴] * A storm is brewing, ie coming. 暴风雨要来了. * [attrib 作定语] a storm warning 风暴警报 * cross the Channel in a storm 在暴风雨中渡过英吉利海峡 * The forecast says there will be storms. 天气预报称将有暴风雨.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling 感情的猛然爆发或激烈表现: a storm of anger, weeping, cheering, abuse, criticism 一阵愤怒、 大哭、 欢呼、 辱骂、 抨击 * His proposal was met by a storm of protest. 他的建议遭到激烈的反对.  3 storms [pl] (US infml 口) storm-door or storm-window （防风暴的）外重门或外重窗.  4 (idm 习语) any port in a storm => port1. the calm before the storm => calm n. the eye of the storm => eye1. ride out/weather the/a `storm (a) (nautical 海) endure and survive a storm (esp at sea) 战胜风暴（尤指在海上）. (b) survive opposition, criticism, difficult circumstances, etc without being seriously affected 经受住反对、 批评、 困难的处境等; 渡过难关. a storm in a `teacup a lot of fuss, excitement, disturbance, etc about sth unimportant 茶杯里的风暴（小事惹起的轩然大波）. take sth/sb by `storm (a) capture sth by a violent and sudden attack （以猛烈袭击）攻占某处或袭取某事物: take a city by storm 以袭击攻克一城市. (b) (of a performer or performance) have great and rapid success with (people or a place); captivate sth/sb （指表演者或演出）在（观众中或某地）大获成功; 迷住某事物[某人]: The play took the audience/Paris by storm. 该剧一下子迷住了观众[轰动了巴黎].
storm 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb) express violent anger; shout angrily and loudly 大发雷霆; 愤怒地大声喊叫: `Get out of here!' he stormed. ｀滚出去!＇他嚷道.  2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ about, around, off, etc move or walk in a very angry or violent manner in the direction specified 怒气冲冲地或其势凶猛地向某方向移动或行走: storming round the house 围著房子乱闯 * storm out of the room 愤怒地冲出房间 * After the argument she stormed off. 经过争论之後她愤然离开.  3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (one's way) across, in, through, etc attack violently and force a way across, etc (a place) 猛攻而强行穿越、 经过...（某处）: Three soldiers stormed into the house. 有三名士兵冲进了那所房子. * They stormed (their way) in. 他们闯了进去.  4 [Tn] capture (sth) by a sudden and violent attack 攻占, 袭取（某事物）: storm a castle, fort, building, etc 攻占一城堡、 要塞、 建筑物等.
stormy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 marked by or having strong winds, heavy rain, snow, hail, etc 有暴风、 大雨、 雪、 冰雹等的; 暴风雨的: stormy weather 狂暴的天气 * a stormy night 暴风雨之夜 * The day was cold and stormy. 那天很冷又有暴风雪.  2 full of strong feeling, violent outbursts, anger, etc 激情迸发的; 感情冲动的; 狂怒的: a stormy discussion, meeting, etc 激烈的讨论、 会议等 * stormy scenes during the debate 辩论中的激烈场面. 
stormily 
adv. 
storminess 
n [U].
stormy petrel  
1 = storm petrel.  2 person whose presence seems to attract trouble 招惹是非的人; 带来麻烦的人.
storm-bound 
adj prevented by storms from continuing or starting a journey, going out or receiving supplies （途中、 起程或补给供应）为暴风雨等所阻的: storm-bound ships in harbour 被暴风雨困於港湾的船只 * The island was storm-bound for a week. 那个岛被暴风雨困了一周.
storm-centre 
(a) area at the centre of a storm 风暴中心. (b) (fig 比喻) centre of a disturbance or trouble 骚乱的中心; 麻烦所在.
storm-cloud 
n (a) large black cloud coming with a storm or indicating that a storm is likely to happen 暴风云（暴风雨时出现的或预示暴风雨将至的浓密的乌云）.(b) (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) sign of sth dangerousor threatening 危险的迹象; 凶兆: storm-clouds of war gathering over Europe 笼罩著欧洲上空的战争乌云.
storm-door 
n (esp US) door fitted outside another to protect against cold, rain, wind, etc （防寒、 防雨、 防风等的）外重门.
storm-lantern 
n = hurricane lamp (hurricane).
storm petrel (also stormy petrel) 
type of small blackand white seabird of the N Atlantic and Mediterranean, said to be active before a storm 海燕（产於北大西洋及地中海, 据称暴风雨前很活跃）.
stormproof 
adj that can resist storms 防风暴的; 能抵御暴风雨的: This house isn't exactly stormproof  the roof leaks! 这所房子并不能防暴风雨--屋顶漏了!
storm-tossed 
adj damaged or blown about by storms 遭暴风雨损坏的; 被风暴吹得飘摇不定的.
storm-trooper 
n soldier specially trained for violent and ruthless attacks 突击队员.
storm-window 
n (esp US) window fitted outside another to protect against cold, rain, wind, etc （防寒、 防雨、 防风等的）外重窗.
story
/ 5stR:rI; `stRrI/ n  1 ~ (about/of sb/sth) (a) account of past events, incidents, etc （实有的）故事; 记事; 史话: the Christmas story 圣诞的故事 * the story of Martin Luther King 马丁·路德·金的事迹 * stories of ancient Greece 古希腊史话. (b) account of invented or imagined events, etc （虚构的或编造的）故事; 小说; 传奇; 传说: a `fairy story 童话 * a `ghost story 鬼故事 * an adventure story for children 给儿童讲的冒险故事 * My father always used to tell us bedtime stories. 我父亲总在我们临睡前给我们讲故事. * The play is really a love story. 这出戏实际上是一个爱情故事.  2 (also `story-line) narrative or plot of a book, play, etc （书、 戏剧等的）故事情节: a spy novel with a strong story(-line) 故事情节扣人心弦的间谍小说.  3 (journalism 新闻) (a) report of an item of news in a newspaper; article 新闻报道; 文章: a front-page story 头版新闻报道. (b) event, situation or material suitable for this 新闻报道的题材: That'll make a good story. 这件事可以成为新闻报道的好题材.  4 (infml 口) untrue statement, description, etc; lie 谎言; 假话: Don't tell stories, Tom. 汤姆, 不要撒谎.  5 (idm 习语) a cock-and-bull story => cock1. cut a long story short => long1. a hard-luck story => hard1. a likely story => likely. the same old story => same1. the story goes that.../so the `story goes people are saying (that...); so it is said 传说...; 据说如此. a success story => success. a tall story => tall. that's the ,story of my `life (infml 口) (said by sb who has had an unfortunate experience and regards it as like many similar experiences he has had in the past 遭遇到很多不幸後, 又遇到类似不幸时, 说出此成语).
story-book 
n book of fictional stories, usu for children 故事书（通常指为儿童编写的）: [attrib 作定语] Their love affair had a story-book ending, ie ended happily,as most children's stories do. 他们的恋爱结局是皆大欢喜（有如大多数儿童故事的结尾）.
story-teller 
n  1 person who tells stories 讲故事的人.  2 (infml 口) person who makes untrue statements; liar 说假话的人; 说谎者.
story
(US) = storey.
stoup
/ stu:p; stup/ n stone basin for holy water on or in the wall of a church 圣水　（教堂墙上或墙内的）.
stout
/ staUt; staJt/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] strong and thick 粗壮的; 结实的: stout boots for climbing 登山用的结实的靴子 * a stout walking-stick 粗大的手杖.  2 (esp euph 尤作委婉语) (of a person) rather fat; solidly built （指人）相当胖的, 强壮的: She's growing rather stout. 她渐渐富态了. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) determined, brave and resolute 坚决的; 勇敢的; 不屈不挠的: a stout heart 勇气 * offer stout resistance 作顽强的抵抗.
stout 
n (a) [U] type of strong dark beer （烈性的）黑啤酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯黑啤酒: Three stouts, please. 劳驾, 来三杯黑啤酒.
stoutly 
adv.
stoutness 
n [U].
stout-hearted 
adj (fml 文) brave and resolute 勇敢的; 有决心的.
stove
/ stEUv; stov/ n [C]  1 apparatus containing one or more ovens, used for cooking （炊事用的）炉子: put a pot on the stove 把壶放在炉子上. Cf 参看 cooker 1.  2 closed apparatus burning wood, coal, gas, oil or other fuel, used for heating rooms （以木柴、 煤炭、 煤气、 石油等为燃料用来取暖的）炉子, 火炉: a wood-burning stove 烧木柴的火炉. Cf 参看 fire1 3, heater (heat2).
stove
=> stave2.
stow
/ stEU; sto/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B; ~ B (away) in/into A pack sth, esp carefully, neatly and out of sight 将某物装好收起（尤指细心地）: stow a trunk with clothes 把衣服装在衣箱里 * stow clothes (away) into a trunk 把衣服装进衣箱里 * stow cargo in a ship's hold 把货物装进船舱 * Passengers are requested to stow their hand-baggage in the lockers above the seats. 旅客须将随身携带的行李放入座位上方的贮藏柜里.  2 (phr v)stow away hide oneself as a stowaway 无票偷乘（船或飞机）: stow away on a ship bound for New York 偷乘一艘开往纽约的船.
stowage 
/ 5stEUIdV; `stoIdV/ n [U]  1 stowing or being stowed 装载.  2 space used or available for this 装载货物处.
stowaway 
n person who hides himself in a ship or aircraft before its departure, in order to travel without paying or being seen 无票偷乘船或飞机的人.
Str
abbr 缩写 = Strait: Magellan Str, eg on a map 麦哲伦海峡（如地图上的标记）.
straddle
/ 5strAdl; `strAdl/ v  1 [I, Tn] sit or stand across (sth) with both legs wide apart 跨坐或跨立在（某物）上: straddle a fence, ditch, horse 跨在栅栏、 沟、 马上.  2 [Tn] fire shots or drop bombs, etc slightly in front of and behind (a target) 夹叉射击或轰炸（某目标）.
strafe
/ strB:f, streIf; strBf, stref/ v [Tn] attack (sth/sb) with gunfire; bombard 枪击（某物[某人]）; 轰炸.
straggle
/ 5strAgl; `strA^l/ v  1 [I, Ipr] grow or spread in an irregular or untidy manner 无规则地或散乱地生长或散布: a straggling village 布局散乱的村子 * vines straggling over the fences 蔓生在篱笆上的藤蔓.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk, march, etc too slowly to keep up with the rest of the group; drop behind 落伍; 掉队; 落後: a few young children straggling along behind their parents 跟不上父母步子的几个小孩儿.
straggler 
/ 5strAglE(r); `strA^lL/ n person who straggles (straggle2) 落伍、 掉队或落後的人: The last stragglers are just finishing the race. 跑在最後面的人刚刚到达终点.
straggly 
/ 5strAglI; `strA^lI/ adj (-ier, -iest) straggling 蔓生的; 散乱的: wet straggly hair 乱蓬蓬的湿毛发.
straight
/ streIt; stret/ adj  1 without a bend or curve; extending or moving continuously in one direction only 直的; 向一个方向延伸或运动的: a straight road, line, rod 直的路、 线、 杆 * straight hair, ie not curly 直的毛发 * a straight skirt, ie not flared 直筒裙.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] arranged in proper order; tidy; correct 井然有序; 整齐; 正确: It took hours to get the house straight. 用了很长时间才把房子收拾好.  3 [pred 作表语] properly positioned; parallel to sth else; level or upright 端正; 与他物平行; 水平; 竖直: Put the picture straight. 把这幅画放正. * Is my tie straight? 我的领带系得正不正? * His hat isn't on straight. 他的帽子没戴正.  4 (of a person, his behaviour, etc) honest; truthful （指人、 其行为等）正直的, 诚实的: give a straight answer to a straight question 直率地回答直率的问题 * I don't think you're being straight with me. 我认为你对我不够坦诚. * It's time for some straight talking, ie some frank discussion. 现在该坦率地谈谈了.  5 [attrib 作定语] accurate and without additions; not modified or elaborate 准确的; 无渲染的; 无虚饰的: tell a straight story 实事求是地讲一件事 * give sb a straight (ie reliable and accurate) tip 给某人一个准确的内部消息.  6 [attrib 作定语] (of a play or theatrical style) of the ordinary type; serious （指戏剧或戏剧风格）一般的, 朴实无华的, 严肃的: a straight actor 演技朴实的男演员 * a straight play, ie not a musical or variety show 话剧.  7 [attrib 作定语] in continuous succession 接连的; 连续的: ten straight wins in a row 接连十次获胜.  8 (also neat) (of an alcoholic drink) without water, soda-water, etc added; undiluted （指酒精饮料）不搀水、 苏打水等的, 纯的: Two straight whiskies, please. 请来两杯不加水的威士忌. * I like my vodka straight. 我喜欢喝纯的伏特加酒.  9 (sl 俚) (a) conventional and conservative 传统的; 保守的. (b) heterosexual 异性恋的: straight men 异性恋的男性.  10 (idm 习语) get sth right/straight => right1. keep a straight `face stop oneself from smiling and laughing 　著脸; 忍住不笑: He has such a strange voice that it's difficult to keep a straight face when he's talking. 他的声音很古怪, 说起话来很难让人不笑. put/set the record straight => record1. put sb straight (about sth) correct sb's mistake; make sure that sb knows the correct facts, etc 纠正某人的错误; 务必使某人了解事实等. put sth straight make sth tidy 将某物弄整齐: Please put your desk straight before you leave the office. 请你先把办公桌收拾好再离开办公室. stiff/straight as a ramrod => ramrod. (as) straight as an `arrow/`die (a) in a straight line or direction 成直线; 笔直; 径直. (b) (of a person) honest and straightforward （指人）诚实的, 正直的. the ,straight and `narrow (infml 口) proper, honest and moral way of behaving 正当、 诚实和正派: He finds it difficult to stay on/stick to the straight and narrow for long. 他觉得长期地坚持走正道很难. (vote) the straight `ticket (US) (vote for a) political party's complete programme or list of candidates without any changes or modifications to it （投票支持）某一政党的全部纲领或候选人.
straight 
n (sl 俚) (a) conventional person 恪守传统的人. (b) heterosexual person 异性恋者.
straighten 
/ 5streItn; `stretn/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up/out) (cause sth to) become straight （使某物）变直: The road straightens (out) after a series of bends. 这条路经过几个转弯之後就直了. * straighten one's tie, skirt 把领带、 裙子弄平整 * Straighten your back (up)! 把背挺直!  2 (phr v) straighten sth out settle or resolve sth; remove difficulties from sth 解决某事物; 排除某事物存在的困难: Let's try to straighten out this confusion. 咱们努力收拾这个混乱的局面吧. straighten sb out (infml 口) remove the doubt or ignorance in sb's mind 使某人消除疑虑; 给某人解释清楚: You're clearly rather muddled about office procedures but I'll soon straighten you out. 你显然不大明白办事的手续, 我很快就给你解释清楚. straighten (oneself) up make one's body upright 把身子挺直.
straightness 
n [U].
straight-edge 
n strip of wood or metal with one edge straight, used for checking or marking straight lines （校正或绘制直线用的）直尺.
straight fight 
(esp politics 尤用於政治) competition between only two people or parties 只有两人或两个政党参加的竞争.
straight man 
member of a comedy act who makes remarks or creates situations for the main performer to make jokes about 喜剧中的配角; 滑稽演员的搭档.
straight
/ streIt; stret/ adv  1 not in a curve or at an angle; in a straight line; directly 挺直地; 成直线地; 直接地: sit up straight, ie without bending one's back 坐直 * Keep straight on for two miles. 一直往前走两英里. * Look straight ahead. 一直往前看. * The smoke rose straight up. 那股烟直线上升. * He was too drunk to walk straight. 他酩酊大醉, 走起路来步子不稳. * I can't shoot straight, ie aim accurately. 我射击瞄不准. * (fig 比喻) I can't think straight, ie logically. 我的思维很乱（缺乏条理）.  2 by a direct route; without delay or hesitation 径直; 立即; 不犹豫地: Come straight home. 直接回家. * He went straight to Lagos, without stopping in Nairobi. 他径直前往拉各斯, 未在内罗毕停留. * She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学. * I'll come straight to the point  your work isn't good enough. 我要直截了当地说--你的工作做得不够好.  3 honestly and frankly; in a straightforward manner 坦诚地; 直截了当地: I told him straight that I didn't like him. 我坦率地对他说我不喜欢他.  4 (idm 习语) go `straight live an honest life after leading a life of crime 改邪归正. play `straight (with sb) be honest and fairin one's dealings (with sb) 诚实而公平; 老实无欺. right/straight away/off => right2. ,straight from the `shoulder (of criticism, etc) frankly and honestly stated （指批评等）坦诚的, 直言不讳的: She gave it to me straight from the shoulder. 她坦诚地批评我. straight `out without hesitation; frankly 不犹豫地; 直截了当地; 坦率地: I told him straight out that I thought he was lying. 我直率地对他说我认为他是在撒谎. * She didn't hesitate for a moment but came straight out with her reply. 她没有迟疑, 痛快地答覆了. ,straight `up (Brit sl 俚) (used esp in asking and answering questions 尤用於问答中) honestly; really 的确; 真的.
straight
/ streIt; stret/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) straight part of sth, esp the final part of a track or racecourse 直线部分; （尤指临近终点的）直线跑道: on the home straight, ie approaching the finishing line 临近终点 * The two horses were level as they entered the final straight. 这两匹马同时进入最後的直线跑道.  2 (in the card-game of poker) hand with five cards in sequence but from more than one suit （扑克牌戏）一手不同花色的顺子牌（共五张）.
straightforward
/ 9streIt5fR:wEd; 9stret`fRrwLd/ adj  1 (of a person, his manner, etc) honest and frank, without evasion （指人、 态度等）诚实的, 坦率的, 老实的, 坦白的: straightforward in one's business dealings 老老实实做生意.  2 easy to understand or do; without complicationsor difficulties 易懂的; 易做的; 简单的; 不难的: a straightforward examination question 容易回答的试题 * written in straightforward language 用浅易文字写成的 * The procedure is quite straightforward. 手续很简单. 
straightforwardly 
adv: behave, speak straightforwardly 老老实实地做人、 说话. 
straightforwardness 
n [U]: She admired his straightforwardness. 她称赞他为人正直.
straightway
/ 9streIt5weI; `stret9we/ adv (arch 古) at once; immediately 立刻; 马上.
strain
/ streIn; stren/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] stretch (sth) tightly by pulling 拉紧, 　紧（某物）: strain a rope (to breaking-point/until it breaks) 把绳子拉紧（直到拉断）.  2 [I, It, Tn, Tnt] make the greatest possible effort; use all one's power, energy, etc (to do sth) 竭力; 用全力（做某事）: wrestlers heaving and straining 尽力拼搏的摔交运动员 * strain (one's ears) to hear a conversation 聚精会神地听别人交谈 * straining to understand what she meant 努力弄懂她的意思 * strain one's voice to shout 扯著嗓门叫喊.  3 [Tn] injure or weaken (esp a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard 因过度伸展或用力而损伤（尤指身体某部位）: strain a muscle, one's heart 肌肉、 心肌劳损 * strain one's eyes, eg by reading in a bad light 损害视力（如在微弱光线下阅读） * strain one's voice, ie by speaking or singing too long or too loudly 喊哑嗓子（因说话或唱歌时间过长或声音过大） * (ironic 反语) I would welcome some help  but don't strain yourself! 我倒是盼著有人来帮忙--只是别累坏了你自己!  4 [Tn] (fml fig 文, 比喻) force (sth) beyond a limit of what is acceptable 竭力使（某事物）超过极限: strain the credulity of one's listeners 使听的人难以相信 * strain one's authority, rights, power, etc, ie go beyond what is allowed or reasonable 滥用权威、 权利、 权力等 * Her prose strains language (ie the meaning of words) to the limits. 她的散文在语言运用上已超越了规范的极限.  5 [Tn] pass (food, etc) through a sieve, cloth, etc when separating solids from liquids 过滤（食物等）: strain the soup, vegetables 过滤汤、 蔬菜 * The tea hasn't been strained, ie It is full of tea-leaves. 这茶未经过滤（未滤去茶叶）.  6 (idm 习语) strain after ef`fects/an ef`fect try in a forced or unnatural way to make sth seem impressive 勉强地或造作地使某事物显得了不起. strain at the `leash (infml 口) be eager to have the freedom to do what one wants 渴望挣脱束缚: teenagers straining at the leash to escape parental control 极力要摆脱父母控制的青少年. strain every `nerve (to do sth) try as hard as one can 尽力（做某事）.  7 (phr v) strain at sth make a strenuous effort by pulling at sth 用力拉、 拖、 拽、 曳...某物: rowers straining at the oars 用力划桨的划船手 * dogs straining at the lead 用力拖曳牵狗皮带的狗. strain sth off (from sth) remove (eg liquid) from solid matter by using a sieve, etc 滤去（液体等）: strain off the water from the cabbage when it is cooked 烹调洋白菜时把水分滤掉.
strained 
adj  1 unnatural, forced and artificial; not easy or relaxed 不自然的; 勉强的; 造作的; 紧张的: astrained laugh 勉强的笑 * strained relations, ie unpleasanttension between people, groups or countries 紧张的关系（人际、 团体或国家之间的）.  2 overtired and anxious 过度疲劳和焦虑的; 心力交瘁的: She looked very strained when I last saw her. 我上次看见她时, 她显得非常憔悴.
strainer 
n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device for straining (strain1 5) liquids 过滤器; 滤网: a `tea-strainer 滤茶器.
strain
/ streIn; stren/ n  1 [C, U] (a) condition of being stretched or pulled tightly 拉紧; 　紧; 张紧: The rope broke under the strain. 绳子拉断了. (b) force causing this 拉力; 张力; 引力: calculate the strains and stresses of a bridge 计算桥梁的应变和应力 * What is the breaking strain of this cable? ie How much strain would break it? 这缆索的致断拉力是多少?  2 (a) [C, U] severe demand on one's mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc 对智力、 体力、 财力、 能力等的严格要求; 负担; 压力: be under severe strain 处於极度紧张的状态 * beginning to feel the strain 开始感到有压力 * the strain of modern life 现代生活的压力 * Paying all the bills is a strain on my resources. 支付所有这些费用是我经济上的一大负担. * He finds his new job a real strain. 他觉得新的工作的确很紧张. * How do you stand (ie cope with) the strain? 你是怎样克服这种压力的? (b) [U] state of anxiety, tension or exhaustion caused by this 因有压力而产生的焦虑、 紧张或心力交瘁: suffering from mental/nervous strain 精神[神经]极度紧张.  3 [C, U] injury to a part of the body caused by twisting a muscle, etc; sprain 劳损; 扭伤: a painful strain 使人疼痛的扭伤 * a groin strain 阴部受伤.  4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) part of a tune or piece of music being performed （演出的）音乐片段, 乐曲: hear the strains of the church organ 听到教堂风琴奏出的音乐 * the angelic strains of choirboys singing 唱诗班的男童唱出的优美动听的曲子.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] tone, style or manner of sth written or spoken 写作或说话的方式或风格; 笔调; 语调: Her speech continued in the same dismal strain. 她以悲伤的语调接著往下说.
strain
/ streIn; stren/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) tendency in a person's character 个性特点; 性格倾向; 气质; 性情: There's a strain of madness in the family. 那一家人都有点疯疯颠颠的.  2 breed or type (of animal, insect, plant, etc) （动物、 昆虫、 植物等的）系, 品系, 品种, 类型: a new strain of wheat 小麦的新品种 * strains of mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticide 对杀虫剂有抗药性的蚊虫.
strait
/ streIt; stret/ n  1 [C often pl with sing meaning, esp in proper names 常以复数表示单数意义, 尤用於专有名称] narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water 海峡; （联接两大水域之间的）狭窄水道: the Straits of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡 * the Magellan Straits 麦哲伦海峡.  2 straits [pl] trouble; difficulty 困难: be in (dire/desperate/serious) financial straits 陷於（恶劣的[极度的/严重的]）财务困境中.
strait-jacket
/ 5streItdVAkIt; `stret9dVAkIt/ n  1 strong jacket-like garment put on a violent person (esp one who is mentally ill) to stop him struggling by restricting the arms 约束衣（尤指束缚精神病患者手臂用的）.2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) thing that stops growth or development 妨碍生长或发展的事物; 束缚; 约束; 限制: the strait-jacket of repressive taxation 苛捐杂税的桎梏.
strait-jacket 
v [Tn]  1 put a strait-jacket on (sb) 给（某人）穿约束衣.  2 (fig 比喻) restrict the growth or development of (sth) 限制（某事物）的生长或发展; 束缚（某事物）: feel strait-jacketed by poverty 感到受贫困掣肘 * feel strait-jacketed by the lack of government subsidy 因缺少政府补贴而感到捉襟见肘.
strait-laced
/ 9streIt 5leIst; `stret9lest/ adj (derog 贬) having or showing a very strict attitude to moral questions; prim and proper （在道德问题上）极拘谨的; 一本正经的; 古板的: My old aunts are very strait-laced. 我的老姨妈都很古板.
straitened
/ 5streItnd; `stretnd/ adj (idm 习语) in straitened `circumstances (fml esp euph 文, 尤作委婉语) having scarcely enough money to live on; in poverty 勉强糊口的; 穷困的.
strand
/ strAnd; strAnd/ n (arch or rhet 古或修辞) sandy shore of a lake, sea or river （多沙的）湖滨, 海滨, 海滩, 河岸.
strand 
v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sth) to be left on the shore and unable to return to the sea; cause to go aground 使（某物）留在岸上无法返回海中; 使搁浅: a ship stranded on a sandbank 搁浅在沙滩上的船 * a whale stranded by the high tide 被大海潮冲到岸上的鲸鱼.
stranded 
adj left in difficulties, eg without money, friends or transport 陷於困境的（如无钱、 无友或无交通工具）: stranded tourists 受困无援的旅行者 * be left stranded in a foreign country without one's passport 在外国因无护照而陷入困境.
strand
/ strAnd; strAnd/ n  1 (a) any of the threads, wires, etc twisted together to form a rope or cable （绳子、 缆索的）股, 缕. (b) single thread of string or fibre 线; 纤维丝: a strand of cotton hanging from the hem of a skirt 从裙子边垂下的一条棉线.  2 lock of hair 一绺毛发.  3 (fig 比喻) line of development (in a story, etc) （故事等的）情节发展线索: drawing together the strands of the narrative 把该故事的几条线索联在一起.
strange
/ streIndV; strendV/ adj (-r, -st)  1 not previously known, seen, felt, heard of, etc; not familiar or of one's own 前所未知、 未见、 未觉察、 未听说过等的; 不熟悉的; 陌生的; 不属於自己的: in a strange country, town, neighbourhood, etc 在陌生的国度、 城市、 地方等 * Never accept lifts from strange men. 千万不要坐陌生人的顺路车.  2 unusual; surprising 不同寻常的; 奇特的; 奇异的; 奇怪的: What strange clothes you're wearing! 你穿的衣服真特别! * It's strange we haven't heard from him. 奇怪的是我们没有他的音信. * She says she feels strange, ie rather unwell, perhaps dizzy. 她说她觉得不大舒服. * It feels strange to be visiting the place again after all these years. 时隔多年, 旧地重访使人感到很新奇.3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth fresh or unaccustomed to sth 对某事物感到陌生或不习惯: He's strange to the work. 他对这工作很外行. * The village boy was strange to city life. 那个农村男孩儿过不惯城市生活.  4 (idm 习语) ,strange to re`late/`say... it is surprising that... 说也奇怪...: Strange to say, he won! 说来奇怪, 他赢了! 
strangely 
adv: The house was strangely quiet. 这所房子静得出奇. * It turned out we'd been at school together, strangely enough. 原来我们以前是同学, 多奇怪. 
strangeness 
n [U].
stranger
/ 5streIndVE(r); `strendVL/ n  1 person that one does not know 陌生人: I'd met Anna before, but her friend was a complete/total stranger to me. 我见过安娜, 但从未见过她那位朋友. * Our dog barks at strangers. 我们那只狗见了生人就汪汪叫.  2 person in a new or an unfamiliar place or with people that he does not know 外地人; 异乡人; 外人: I'm a stranger in this town, ie I do not know my way around it. 我在这个城镇里人地生疏.  3 (idm 习语) be a/no stranger to sth (fml 文) beunaccustomed/accustomed to a certain feeling, experience,condition, job, etc 不惯於[习惯於]某种感情、 经历、 状况、 工作等: He's no stranger to misfortune, ie He has experienced it before. 他饱经忧患.
strangle
/ 5strANgl; `strAN^l/ v  1 [Tn] kill (sb) by squeezing or gripping the throat tightly; throttle 扼死, 勒死, 绞死, 掐死（某人）; 使窒息: He strangled her with her own scarf. 他用她的围巾把她勒死了. * (infml 口) I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess! 你让我这样难堪, 我恨不得掐死你! * (fig 比喻) This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe. 这硬领把我的脖子卡得喘不过气来.  2 (a) [Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of (sth) 限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生长、 操作或发展: She felt her creativity was being strangled.她觉得她的创造力难以发挥. (b) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] restrict the utterance of (sth) 限制（某事物）的发声: a strangled (ie partly suppressed) cry 哽咽.
strangler 
n person who strangles sb 扼死他人的人; 压制者.
stranglehold 
n (a) strangling grip 扼制; 压制; 束缚. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) firm control, making it impossible for sth to grow or develop properly 控制某事物; 使某事物不能正常成长或发展: The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利.
strangulate
/ 5strANgjUleIt; `strAN^jE9let/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (medical 医) compress or tightly squeeze (a vein, an intestine, etc) so that nothing can pass through it 绞窄或挤压（静脉、 肠等）（使其不通）: a strangulated hernia, ie one from which the blood supply has been cut off 绞窄性疝.
strangulation 
/ 9strANgjU5leIFn; 9strAN^jE`leFEn/ n [U]  1 strangling or being strangled 扼杀; 勒死; 绞死; 掐死; 窒息; 抑制; 压制; 束缚.  2 strangulating or being strangulated 绞窄; 挤压.
strap
/ strAp; strAp/ n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词)  1 [C] strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material, often with a buckle, used to fasten things together or to keep things in place or to support, hold or hang sth by 带子（用皮、 布等做成的, 通常有扣）: a watch-strap 表带 * My camera strap has broken. 我照相机上的皮带断了. * A rucksack has straps that go over the shoulders. 背包上有两条背带.  2 [C] narrow strip of material worn over the shoulders as part of a dress, etc （连衣裙等套在肩上的）挎带, 肩带, 背带: bra-straps 胸罩肩带 * a summer dress with thin shoulder-straps 有细肩带的夏季连衣裙.  3 the strap [sing] (esp formerly) punishment by beating with a leather strap （尤指旧时）用皮鞭抽打的惩罚: I got/was given the strap. 我挨了一顿鞭打.
strap 
v  1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] hold, secure or fasten (sth/sb) with a strap or straps 用带子系、 扎、 捆、 绑（某物[某人]）: strap sth in place 用带子把某物固定住 * They strapped their equipment on(to their backs). 他们用带子把用品拴在背上. * Make sure the passengers are strapped in(to their seats) before driving off. 开车前请乘客务必系好安全带. * The lorry's load had been securely strapped down. 卡车上的货物已捆扎牢固了.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) bind (a wound, limb, etc) with bandages （用　带）包扎（伤口、 肢体等）: His injured arm was tightly strapped (up). 他受伤的手臂已妥善地包扎好了.  3 [Tn] beat (sb) with a strap 用皮鞭抽打（某人）.
strapless 
/ 5strAplIs; `strAplIs/ adj (esp of a dress or bra) without straps (strap 2) （尤指连衣裙或胸罩）无背带的, 无肩带的.
strapped 
adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) (infml 口) not having enough (of sth, esp money) 短缺（尤指钱）: I'm a bit strapped for cash. 我现金有点不足.
strapping 
adj (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) big, tall and strong; robust 高大健壮的; 强健的: She's a strapping lass. 她是个身强体壮的姑娘.
straphanger 
/ 5strAphNE(r); `strAp9hANL/ n (often derog 常作贬义) standing passenger in a bus, train, etc who supports himself by holding onto a strap attached to the ceiling; commuter （公共汽车、 火车等上手拉吊带的）站立的乘客; 通勤者.
strata
pl of stratum.
stratagem
/ 5strAtEdVEm; `strAtEdVEm/ n (fml 文) trick, plan or scheme to deceive sb (esp an enemy) 蒙蔽他人（尤指敌人）的计谋、 策略或花招: a cunning stratagem 诡计.
strategic
/ strE5ti:dVIk; strE`tidVIk/ (also strategical) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of strategy; forming part of a plan or scheme 战略（上）的; 策略（上）的: strategic(al) decisions 战略决策.  2 giving an advantage; right for a particular purpose 有战略意义的; 战略上适合的: a strategic position, move 战略地位、 行动 * strategic bombing, eg of industrial areas and communication centres 战略轰炸 * strategic materials, ie those that are necessary for war 战略物资.  3 (of weapons, esp nuclear missiles) directed against an enemy's country rather than used in a battle （指武器, 尤指核武器）战略性的. Cf 参看 tactical (tactic).  
strategically 
/ -klI;-klI/ adv: a strategically placed microphone 设在关键位置上的话筒.
strategy
/ 5strAtEdVI; `strAtEdVI/ n  1 [U] (art of) planning and directing an operation in a war or campaign 战略（学）: military strategy 军事部署 * skilled in strategy 善於制定战略.  2 [U] (skill in) planning or managing any affair well 策略; 谋略; 计画或管理: By careful strategy she negotiated a substantial pay rise. 她精心策画後, 谈妥了大幅增加工资的事.  3 [C] plan or policy designed for a particular purpose 针对性措施; 对策; 政策: economic strategies 经济政策 * a new police strategy for crowd control 警方为控制人群拥挤现象而采取的新措施. Cf 参看 tactic.
strategist 
/ -dVIst; -dVIst/ n person skilled in (esp military) strategy 善於谋画的人; （尤指）战略家.
stratify
/ 5strAtIfaI; `strAtE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] arrange (sth) in strata or grades, etc 使（某事物）分层或分等级等: stratified rock 成层岩 * a highly stratified society, ie having many different levels 有很多阶层的社会.
stratification 
/ 9strAtIfI5keIFn; 9strAtEfI`keFEn/ n [U] arrangement in strata, etc; stratifying or being stratified 层次; 成层; 分层: social stratification 社会阶层.
stratosphere
/ 5strAtEsfIE(r); `strAtE9sfIr/ n [sing] layer of the earth's atmosphere between about 10 and 60 kilometres above the surface of the earth 平流层, 同温层（距地表约10至60公里之间的大气层）. Cf 参看 ionosphere.
stratum
/ 5strB:tEm; ?@ 5streItEm; `stretEm/ n (pl strata /-tE; -tE/)  1 any of a series of horizontal layers, esp of rock in the earth's crust 层; （尤指）岩层.  2 level or class in society （社会的）阶层: a gathering of people from a variety of social strata 不同社会阶层的人的集会.
straw
/ strR:; strR/ n  1 [U] cut and dried stalks of grain plants (eg wheat, barley) used as a material for thatching roofs, making hats, mats, etc and as bedding and food for animals （收割後乾燥的）禾秆, 麦秆, 稻草: a stable filled with straw 堆满乾草的马厩 * [attrib 作定语] a straw mattress, ie one filled with straw 草垫.  2 [C] single stalk or piece of this （一根）禾秆, 麦秆, 稻草: There are a few straws in your hair. 你的头发上有几根稻草.  3 [C] thin tube of paper or plastic through which a drink is sucked up （纸或塑料制的）饮料吸管: drinking lemonade through a straw 用吸管吸汽水 * A packet of (drinking) straws, please. 请给我一包吸管.  4 a straw [sing] insignificant thing or amount (used esp in the expressions shown) 微不足道的事物或数量（尤用於以下示例）: not care a straw 毫不在乎 * be not worth a straw 毫无价值.  5 (idm 习语) clutch/grasp at a `straw/`straws try to take some slight chance of escaping or being rescued from sth 抓救命稻草（竭力抓住微小的机会以求逃脱或获救）. the last/final straw (that breaks the camel's back) additional event, act, task, etc that makes a situation finally intolerable （事情、 行动、 任务等）使人终於不胜负荷的最後的量.  make bricks without straw => brick. a man of straw => man1. a straw in the `wind slight indication of how things may develop （显示事物动向的）徵兆, 迹象, 苗头.
straw-coloured 
adj light yellow 草黄色的; 浅黄色的.
straw poll (also straw vote) 
(esp US) unofficial survey of public opinion 非正式的民意调查.
strawberry
/ 5strR:brI; ?@ -berI; `strR9bZrI/ n (a) [C] soft juicy red fruit with tiny yellow seeds on the surface 草莓: fresh strawberries and cream 鲜草莓拌奶油 * [attrib 作定语] strawberry jam 草莓酱 * strawberry pink 草莓般的粉红色. (b) low-growing plant on which this fruit grows 草莓（指植株）.
strawberry-mark 
n reddish birthmark on the skin 草莓状红斑（皮肤上的红色胎记）.
stray
/ streI; stre/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]  1 move away from one's group, proper place, etc with no fixed destination or purpose; wander 离群, 走离（无固定去向或目的）; 走失; 迷失; 闲逛: Some of the cattle have strayed. 有些牛走失了. * stray into the path of an oncoming car 偏离车道而误入逆向行驶的汽车道 * Young children should not be allowed to stray from their parents. 不要让儿童离开父母到处乱跑. * He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小时候就离开家到处流浪了.  2 deviate from a direct course or leave a subject 偏离; 背离; 离题: My mind kept straying from the discussion (to other things). 我在讨论时总是走神（去想别的事情）. * Don't stray (away) from the point. 不要离题.
stray 
adj [attrib 作定语]  1 having strayed; lost 离群的; 走失的; 迷失的; 闲逛的; 偏离的: a home for stray dogs 走失的狗的收容处 * (fig 比喻) Stray papers littered his desk. 他的书桌上都是乱七八糟的纸.  2 occurring here and there, not as one of a group; isolated 零星的; 散乱的; 孤立的: killed by a stray bullet, ie by chance, not on purpose 被流弹击毙 * The streets were empty except for a few stray passers-by. 除了寥寥几个行人外, 街上空空如也.
stray 
n (a) person or domestic animal that has strayed 迷路的人; 流浪者; 走失的家畜: This dog must be a stray. 这只狗一定是找不著家了. Cf 参看 waif. (b) thing that is out of its proper place or separated from others of the same kind 不在原处的东西; 不与同类在一起的事物.
streak
/ stri:k; strik/ n ~ (of sth)  1 long thin mark, line or band of a different substance or colour from its surroundings （与整体不同物质或颜色的）条纹, 线条, 斑纹: streaks of grey in her hair 她头发上夹杂著的缕缕白发 * a streak (ie flash) of lightning 一道闪电 * streaks of fat in the meat 这块肉中一层层的膘.  2 element or trace (in a person's character) （个性中的）些微特点或特徵: a streak of jealousy, vanity, cruelty, etc 几分嫉妒、 虚荣、 残忍等 * have a jealous streak 有点儿嫉妒.  3 (esp in gambling) period of continuous success or failure （尤指赌博）连赢或连输的一段时间: a streak of good luck 一阵子好运气 * hit (ie have) a winning/losing streak 碰上连赢[输]的运气.  4 (idm 习语) like a streak of lightning => lightning1. a yellow streak => yellow.
streak 
v  1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) mark sth with streaks 在某物上加条纹: have one's hair streaked 把头发染成一缕缕不同的颜色 * white marble streaked with brown 带褐色条纹的白色大理石.  2 [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move very fast (in thespecified direction) 飞快地（向某方向）移动: The children streaked off (down the street) as fast as they could. 孩子们拼命地（沿街）飞跑.  3 [I] run through a public place with no clothes on, in order to shock or amuse people 裸跑（为使人震惊或发笑）. 
streaker 
n person who streaks (streak v 3) 裸跑的人.
streaky 
adj (-ier, -iest) marked with, having or full of streaks （加）有（很多）条纹的: streaky bacon, ie with layers of fat and lean in it 五花腌猪肉（肉层肥瘦相间）.
stream
/ stri:m; strim/ n  1 small river or large brook （小）河; （大）溪; 河沟: a small stream running through the woods 流过树林的小溪.  2 ~ (of sth/sb) flow (of liquid, people, things, etc) （液体、 人群、 事物等的）流、 流动或涌出: a stream of blood 一股血 * a steady stream of abuse, complaints, etc 一连串的辱骂、 抱怨等 * streams of shoppers, traffic 购物者的人流、 车辆的川流不息.  3 current or direction of sth flowing or moving （流动或移动的）水流、 气流、 趋势或趋向: leaves moving with the stream 顺流飘动的落叶.  4 (esp Brit) (in some schools) class or division of a class into which children of the same age and level of ability are placed （某些学校中同龄儿童按智力水平编成的）能力班或能力小组: the A, B, C, etc stream A、 B、 C...级能力小组.  5 (idm 习语) go up/down stream move up/down the river 溯流而上[顺流而下]. go, swim, etc with/against the stream/tide conform/not conform to accepted behaviour, opinions, etc; be/not be carried along by the course of events 顺应潮流[反潮流]; 随[不随]大溜: Teenagers often go against the stream. 青少年经常反潮流而动. on stream in active operation or production 在实际运转或生产中: The new plant comes on stream in March. 新工厂将於三月份投产.
stream 
v  1 [I, Ipr] flow or move as a stream （像水流般）流, 流动: Sweat streamed down his face. 他脸上汗水直流. * People were streaming out of the station. 人们涌出了车站.  2 (a) [Tn] emit a stream of (sth) 流出（某物）: The wound streamed blood. 伤口流出了血. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) run with liquid 流淌: a streaming cold, ie with much liquid coming from the nose 伴有流鼻涕的感冒 * His face was streaming with sweat. 他脸上淌著汗.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] float or wave at full length (esp in the wind) 飘扬, 招展（尤指在风中）: Her hair streamed(out) in the wind. 她的头发迎风飘动著.  4 [Tn usu passive通常用於被动语态] (esp Brit) place (schoolchildren) in streams (stream4) 将（学童）按年龄和智力编班或分组: Children are streamed according to ability. 儿童按智力水平分成小组. streamer n  1 long narrow flag 狭长的旗子.  2 long narrow ribbon of coloured paper 狭长的彩色纸带: a room decorated with balloons and streamers 用气球和纸彩带装饰的房间. 3 = banner headline (banner). streaming n [U] (policy of) placing schoolchildren in streams (stream 4) 按学童智力水平编成班或组（的原则）.
stream of consciousness 
(writing that seeks to express the) continuous flow of ideas, thoughts and feelings experienced by a person when conscious 意识流（个人有意识时所体验到的思想和情感的具有连续性的流动）; 意识流创作（法）.
streamline
/ 5stri:mlaIn; `strim9laIn/ v [Tn]  1 give a streamlined form to (sth) 使（某物）成流线型.  2 make (sth) more efficient and effective, eg by improving or simplifying working methods 使（某事物）效率更高、 作用更大（如藉改进或简化工作方法）: We must streamline our production procedures. 我们必须精简生产程序以提高效率.
streamlined 
adj having a smooth even shape so as to be able to move quickly and easily through air, water, etc 流线型的: modern streamlined cars 现代的流线型汽车.
Civvy Street
/ 5sIvI stri:t; `sIvI `strit/ (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) civilian life 平民生活.
Downing Street
/ 5daUnIN stri:t; `daJnIN9strit/ (a) London street where the British Prime Minister's official residence is 唐宁街（伦敦街道名, 英国首相官邸所在地）. (b) (fig 比喻) the Prime Minister or the British Government 英国首相; 英国政府: Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports. 英国政府对这些报道迄今不予置评.
Fleet Street
/ 5fli:t stri:t; `flit9strit/  1 street in central London where several major newspapers have their offices 弗利特街（伦敦中心的街道, 为几家大报馆所在地, 旧译舰队街）.  2 the press in general; London journalism 新闻界; 伦敦报界: Fleet Street loves a good scandal. 新闻界热衷於轰动性的丑闻.
street
/ stri:t; strit/ n  1 (abbr 缩写 St) public road in a city, town or village with houses and buildings on one side or both sides 街; 街道: cross the street 穿越街道 * meet a friend in the street 在街上遇见一个朋友 * gangs roaming the streets 在街头游荡的流氓 * His address is 155 Smith Street. 他的地址是史密斯大街155号. * [attrib 作定语] at street level, ie on the ground floor 在与街道齐平的一层 * a `street map/plan of York 约克城的街道地图[详图] * street lighting 路灯 * street theatre, ie plays, etc performed in the street, usu with a social or political theme 街头剧（在街头演出的, 通常为社会性或政治性的）. =>Usage at road 用法见road.  2 people who live or work in a particular street 在某一街道居住或工作的人们: Our street puts on a carnival every year. 我们这条街的居民每年举行一次狂欢会.  3 (idm 习语) be in Queer Street => queer. be (out) on/walk the streets (infml 口) (a) be homeless 流落街头; 无家可归. (b) (euph 婉) work as a prostitute 当娼妓. go on the streets (euph 婉) earn one's living as a prostitute 操皮肉生涯; 以卖淫为生. the man in the street => man. not in the same street (as sb/sth) (infml 口) not nearly so good; inferior (to sb/sth) 远不如; 比不上（某人[某事物]）. streets ahead (of sb/sth) (infml 口) much better, more efficient, cleverer, etc (than sb/sth) （比某人[某事物]）好、 有效、 聪明...得多.
(right) up one's street 
(infml 口) within one's area of knowledge, interest, activity, etc 在自己的知识、 兴趣、 活动等范围内: This job seems right up your street. 这项工作看来正适合你做.
streetcar 
n (US) = tram.
street credibility (also ,street `cred) 
(infml 口) up-to-date image, style, etc that is acceptable to ordinary (esp young) people 为一般人（尤指年轻人）认同的最新形象、 式样等.
street-girl (also `street-walker) 
n prostitute who looks for customers on the streets 街头拉客的娼妓.
street value 
price for which sth illegal or illegally obtained can be sold （非法或非法获得之物品的）黑市价格: Customs officers have seized drugs with a street value of over 1 million. 海关人员查获了按黑市价格超过100万英镑的毒品.
street-wise 
adj (infml 口) knowledgeable about how ordinary people behave, survive, etc, esp in big cities 对一般人（尤指都市人）的行为、 生存方式等十分了解的.
strength
/ streNW; strZNW/ n  1 [U] quality of being strong; degree of intensity of this 力量; 力气; 强度; 浓度: a man of great strength 强壮的男子 * strength of character, mind, will 性格、 思想、 意志的坚强 * regain one's strength after an illness 病後恢复体力 * the strength of a rope, ie its ability to resist strain 绳子的强度 * put on a show of strength, ie show how strong one is 显示力量 * For a small woman she has surprising strength. 她个子虽小但力大惊人. * The strength of feeling on this issue is considerable. 在这个问题上表现出的情绪很强. * How is the strength of alcoholic drinks measured? 含酒精饮料的浓度是如何测定的? =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [C, U] that which makes sb/sth strong; particular respect in which a person or thing is strong 力量的源泉; 强点; 长处: the strengths and weaknesses of an argument 一论据的长处和弱点 * Tolerance is one of her many strengths. 宽容是她的一个优点. * His strength as a news-reader lies in his training as a journalist. 他胜任新闻广播员的工作, 在於他有当过记者的锻炼.  3 [U] number of people present or available; full number 现有的或可召集到的人员; 人力; 实力: What is the strength of the work-force? 职工总数是多少?  4 (idm 习语) be at full/be below strength have the required/less than the required number of people 满员[未满员]. bring sth/be up to (full) strength make sth reach/be the required number 使某事物达到所需数量: We must bring the police force up to (full) strength. 我们必须让警察人数达到（全部）编制所需的数量. from strength to strength with ever-increasing success 不断进步: Since her appointment the department has gone from strength to strength. 自从她任职以来, 这个部门越办越好了. in (full, great, etc) strength in large numbers 大量（的）: The army paraded in (full) strength. （全部）军队接受了检阅. on the strength (infml 口) included as an official member of an organization, armed force, etc 在编. on the strength of sth on the basis of sth; relying on (a fact, sb's advice, etc) 基於某事物; 根据（事实、 某人的意见等）: I got the job on the strength of your recommendation. 承蒙足下推荐, 我已获得这份工作. outgrow one's strength => outgrow. a tower of strength => tower.
strengthen 
/ 5streNWn; `strZNWEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become stronger （使某物[某人]）更强: The currentstrengthened as we moved down the river. 我们顺流而下时, 水流更急了. * a special shampoo to strengthen your hair 能保养头发的一种特效洗发剂 * strengthen a garrison with extra troops 增派部队以加强驻地的兵力 * This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave. 最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心.
strength
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare strength, power, force and vigour (US vigor). 试比较strength、 power、 force、 vigour（美式拼写作vigor）. Strength and power indicate an internal quality of an object or person. *strength和power表示物体或人的内在特性. The strength of a body, bridge or rope is its ability to hold great weight *strength用於身体指力气, 用於桥梁指承重强度, 用於绳索指抗拉强度: I haven't the strength to carry you. 我抱不动你. The power in a person's body, in a machine or in the wind is the energy within it that can be applied *power用於人体、 机械或风时指可应用的能量: We can harness the power of the wind to make electricity. 我们可以利用风力发电. Force and vigour relate to the application of energy. *force和vigour指能量的应用. The force of an explosion, a storm or a blow is the energy released and its impact on objects *force用於爆炸、 风暴或打击时, 指释放的能量及其对物体的冲击力: The car was completely wrecked by the force of the collision. 这辆汽车受到很大的撞击力而完全损坏. A person's vigour is the energy used, especially in work *vigour用於人时, 指所用的体力、 精力, 尤指工作活力或干劲: She does her work with tremendous vigour. 她工作起来干劲十足.
strenuous
/ 5strenjUEs; `strZnjJEs/ adj  1 making great efforts; energetic 努力的; 精力充沛的: strenuous workers 干劲十足的工作人员 * make a strenuous attempt to reach the top of the mountain 力求登上山顶.  2 requiring great effort 必须努力的: a strenuous itinerary 艰难的旅行路线 * strenuous work 累人的工作 * lead a strenuous life 过艰苦的生活. 
strenuously 
adv: She strenuously denies all the charges. 她竭力否认一切指控.
streptococcus
/ 9streptE5kCkEs; 9strZptE`kBkEs/ n (pl -cocci / -5kCkaI; -`kBkaI/) (medical 医) any of a group of bacteria that cause serious infections and illnesses链球菌. 
streptococcal 
/ -5kCkl; -`kBkEl/ adj.
streptomycin
/ 9streptEU5maIsIn; 9strZptE`maIsIn/ n [U] (medical 医) antibiotic drug used to treat infections, etc 链霉素.
stress
/ stres; strZs/ n  1 [U, C] (pressure or worry resulting from) mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc 精神上或肉体上的痛苦、 困难的情况等（所造成的压力或忧虑）: be under/suffer from stress 在压力下[受到压力] * in times of stress, ie difficulty, trouble, etc 在困难时期 * the stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的压力和紧张.  2 [U] ~ (on sth) special emphasis or significance 强调; 重要性: He feels that there is not enough stress on drama at the school.他觉得这所学校对戏剧不够重视. * She lays great stress on punctuality, ie regards it as very important. 她非常强调要遵守时刻.  3 [C, U] (a) (result of) extra force used in speaking a particular word or syllable 重读; 重音: In `strategic' the stress is/falls on the second syllable. strategic这个字的重音在第二个音节上. * Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 说英语时, 重音和节奏是很重要的. * You must learn where to place the stresses.必须掌握在什麽地方重读. Cf 参看 inflection 2, intonation 2. (b) (result of) extra force used when making a sound in music （音乐中声音的）加强, 加强音: Put a stress on the first note in each bar. 每一小节的第一个音符要加强.  4 [C, U] ~ (on sth) (esp in mechanics) force that acts on a thing or between parts of a thing, and tends to pull or twist it out of shape; tension （尤指力学的）应力: High winds put great stress on the structure. 大风作用於该建筑物上而产生巨大的应力. * [attrib 作定语] a stress fracture of a bone in the leg 腿部的应力性骨折.
stress 
v [Tn, Tf] put stress or emphasis on (sth) 著重, 强调（某事物）; 重读（某音节）; 加强（某音符）: You stress the first syllable in `happiness'. happiness一字的第一个音节要重读. * He stressed the point that.... 他强调这一点.... * I must stress that what I say is confidential. 我要强调我说的话是保密的.
stressful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj causing stress(1) 有压力的: She finds her new teaching job very stressful. 她觉得新的教学工作非常紧张.
stress mark 
mark (as used in this dictionary) to indicate the stress(3a) on a syllable in a word 重音符号（表示字中某一音节须重读的符号, 如本词典所用的）: In the word `sympathetic' / 9sImpE5WetIk; 9sImpE`WZtIk/ the primary stress (`) is on the third syllable, and the secondary stress (,) is on the first syllable. 在sympathetic一字中, 主重音符号（`）是在第三个音节上, 次重音符号（,）在第一个音节上.
stretch
/ stretF; strZtF/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] make (sth) longer, wider or tighter by pulling 拉长, 撑大, 拽紧（某物）: stretch a rope across a path 把绳索拉到道路对面 * stretch a pair of gloves/shoes, eg to make them fit better 把手套[鞋]撑大（如使之更合适） * stretch a hat to fit one's head 把帽子撑一撑以便戴著合适 * stretch a rope tight 把绳索拉紧.  2 [I] be able to become longer, wider, etc without breaking; be elastic; (be liable to) extend beyond the proper limit 能伸展; 能延伸; 有弹性; （可能）超过限度: These socks stretch. 这双短袜有弹性. * The pullover stretched (ie out of shape) after I had worn it a few times. 这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之後就撑大了（变形了）. * (fig 比喻) I'd love a holiday if our money will stretch that far. 我们的钱省著花要是能富余出来, 我倒是很想去度假.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] extend or thrust out (a limb or part of the body) and tighten the muscles, esp after being relaxed or in order to reach sth 伸长或伸出（一肢或身体某部）并　紧肌肉（尤指在放松後或为够著某物）: He woke up, yawned and stretched. 他一觉醒来, 边打呵欠边伸懒腰. * She stretched across the table for the butter. 她探身去取放在餐桌对面的黄油. * stretch one's arms, legs 伸展双臂、 双腿 * He stretched out his arm to take the book. 他伸出手臂去拿书. * She stretched her neck up, eg to see over the heads of people in a crowd. 她伸著脖子（如从人群头顶上看）.  4 [I, Ipr, Ip] spread out over an area or a period of time; extend 绵延; 延续; 伸展: forests stretching for hundreds of miles 绵延数百英里的森林 * The road stretched (out) across the desert into the distance. 这条道路穿过沙漠伸向远方. * The ocean stretched as far as they could see on all sides. 海洋十分辽阔, 他们极目远眺无边无涯. * The long summer holiday stretched ahead (of them). 漫长的暑假就在（他们的）眼前.  5 [Tn] make great demands on (sb or sb's ability, strength, etc) 对（某人或某人的能力、 体力等）提出高的要求: The race really stretched him/his skill as a runner. 这次赛跑对他这个参赛者[他的水平]来说, 确是勉为其难. * She has not been sufficiently stretched at school this term. 她本学期功课不太紧张. * We can't take on any more work  we're fully stretched (ie working to the utmost of our powers) at the moment. 我们不能再接受更多的工作了--目前已经全力以赴了.  6 [Tn] strain or exert (sth) as far as possible or beyond a reasonable or an acceptable limit 尽力或过度使用（某事物）: stretch the truth, ie exaggerate or lie 言过其实 * stretch the meaning of a word 过分引伸某词义 * You can't stretch the rules to suit yourself. 你不能为你自己而牵强附会解释这些规章.  7 (idm 习语) stretch one's legs go for a walk as exercise 去散步: She went out to stretch her legs after lunch. 她午饭後出去散步了. stretch a point go beyond what is usually allowed; make a concession 超出一般所允许的范围; 做出让步: She doesn't have all the qualifications but I think we should stretch a point in her favour. 她并非全部合格, 但我认为我们可以为她放开一些限制.  8 (phr v) stretch (sth) out (make sth) last or be enough to cover one's needs （使某事物）延续或足够所需: He couldn't stretch out his money to the end of the month. 他的钱花不到月底. stretch (oneself) out relax by lying at full length 躺著舒展身体: He stretched (himself) out in front of the fire and fell asleep. 他舒展开身体躺在炉火旁边睡著了.
stretch 
n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of stretching or state of being stretched 拉长; 撑大; 拽紧; 伸展; 延伸; 高要求; 过度使用: With a stretch of his arm, he reached the shelf. 他伸出手臂, 够著了那个架子. * The dog woke up, had a good stretch and wandered off. 那条狗醒过来, 舒舒服服地伸展了一下身子便走开了.  2 [U] ability to be stretched; elasticity 伸展的能力; 弹性; 伸缩性: This material has a lot of stretch in it. 这种材料很有弹性. * [attrib 作定语] stretch jeans, seat-covers, underwear 弹力牛仔裤、 椅套、 内衣.  3 [C] (a) ~ (of sth) continuous expanse or extent (of sth) 扩展; 延伸; 连绵: a beautiful stretch of countryside 一片郊外美景 * along stretch of open road 长长的郊野公路. (b) continuousor unbroken period of time 连续的一段时间: a four-hour stretch 连续四小时.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (sl 俚) period of service or imprisonment 服役期间; 服刑期间: do a stretch in the army 在军队里服役 * He did a long stretch for attempted murder. 他因谋杀未遂罪坐了很长时间的牢.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] straight part of a track or racecourse 直线跑道: the final/finishing/home stretch, ie the last part of the course 临近终点的直线跑道.  6 (idm 习语) at full stretch => full. at a stretch without stopping; continuously 不停地; 连续地: She worked for six hours at a stretch. 她连续工作了六个小时. not by any/by no stretch of the imagination however hard one may try to believe or imagine sth 无论怎样想像: By no stretch of the imagination could you call him ambitious. 不管你怎麽想, 也不能说他存有野心.
stretchy 
/ 5stretFI; `strZtFI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) that can be stretched; tending to become stretched 能伸展的; 可延伸的; 有弹性的: stretchy materials 弹性材料.
stretchiness 
n [U].
stretcher
/ 5stretFE(r); `strZtFL/ n  1 framework of poles, canvas, etc for carrying a sick or injured person in a lying position 担架: An ambulance officer brought a stretcher for the injured woman. 救护车工作人员带来了一副担架抢救受伤女子.  2 any of various devices for stretching things or holding things in a stretched position 拉伸、 扩展物品的器具; 扩展器; 延伸器; 撑具.
stretcher-bearer 
n person (usu one of two) who helps to carry a stretcher 抬担架的人.
strew
/ stru:; stru/ v (pt strewed, pp strewed or  strewn / stru:n; strun/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on/over B); ~ B with A scatter sth (over a surface); cover (a surface) with scattered things; sprinkle 撒某物（於某一表面）; 以所撒之物覆盖（某一表面）; 散播: strew papers over the floor/strew the floor with papers 把文件扔得满地都是.  2 [Tn] lie scattered on or over (a surface) 撒在（某一表面）上; 撒满: a litter-strewn playground 扔满废弃物品的操场 * Papers strewed the floor. 文件扔了一地. =>Usage at scatter 用法见 scatter.
strewth
/ stru:W; struW/ interj (Brit sl becoming dated 俚, 渐旧) (used to express surprise, annoyance, dismay, etc 用以表示惊讶、 烦恼、 愕然等): Strewth, look at the time! We're late! 哎呀, 瞧这时间! 咱们迟到了!
striated
/ straI5eItId; ?@ 5straIeItId; `straIetId/ adj (fml 文) marked with stripes, lines or furrows 有道道条纹、 线条或沟痕的.
striation 
/ straI5eIFn; straI`eFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] stripe, line or furrow 条纹; 线条; 沟痕.  2 [U] state of being striated 条纹图样.
stricken
/ 5strIkEn; `strIkEn/ adj ~ (by/with sth) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) affected or overcome (by sth unpleasant, eg illness, grief) 经受或不堪（某坏事, 如疾病、 悲痛）之苦的: stricken with malaria, cancer, fever, etc 染疟疾、 患癌症、 发烧 * stricken by poverty/`poverty-stricken 贫困不堪的 * `grief-/`panic-/`terror-stricken 悲痛[惊恐/恐惧]已极的 * Rescue teams raced to the stricken ship. 救援队竞相前往抢救遇难轮船.
strict
/ strIkt; strIkt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 demanding total obedience or observance (of rules, ways of behaving, etc); severe; not lenient 要求完全服从或遵守的; 严厉的; 严格的: a strict teacher 严师 * a strict upbringing 严格的教养 * a strict rule against smoking 禁止吸烟的严格规定 * She's very strict with her children. 她待子女很严.  2 (a) clearly and exactly defined; precise 明确的; 严密的; 精确的: in the strict sense of the word 确如该词之义的 * the strict truth 确凿的事实 * a strict understanding, interpretation 明确的了解、 解释. (b) complete; absolute 完全的; 绝对的: give information in strictest confidence/in strict secrecy, ie expecting complete secrecy 极秘密地提供情报.
strictly 
adv  1 in a strict manner; completely 严厉地; 严格地; 严密地; 确切地; 完全地; 绝对地: Smoking is strictly prohibited. 严禁吸烟.  2 (idm 习语) strictly speaking if one uses words, applies rules, etc in their exact sense 严格说来: Strictly speaking, he's not qualified for the job. 严格说来, 他没有资格做这份工作.
strictness 
n [U].
stricture
/ 5strIktFE(r); `strIktFL/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) severe criticism or condemnation 严厉的批评或谴责: pass strictures on sb 严厉批评某人.  2 (medical 医) abnormal constriction or narrowing of a tube-shaped part of the body （身体某管状部分异常的）狭窄.
stride
/ straId; straId/ v (pt strode, pp rarely stridden/ 5strIdn; `strIdn/ 过去分词作stridden, 罕用)  1 [Ipr, Ip] walk with long steps (in the specified direction) （朝某方向）大步行走: stride along the road 沿路大步行走 * striding across the fields 大步走过田地 * She turned and strode off. 她转身迈著大步走了. * striding out for (ie walking determinedly towards) the distant hills 大步流星向远处的山冈走去.  2 [Ipr] ~ across/over sth cross sth with one step 一步跨越某物: stride over a ditch 跨过一条沟.
stride 
n  1 (distance covered by) one long step 大步; 跨一步（的距离）: I was three strides from the door. 我距离那门有三大步远.  2 person's way of striding; gait （大步的）步法, 步态.  3 (idm 习语) get into one's stridesettle into a fast, confident and steady pace (of doing sth)开始加快速度、 充满信心并稳健地（做某事）: She found the job difficult at first, but now she's really getting into her stride. 起初她觉得这工作很难, 但现在已驾轻就熟了. make great, rapid, etc strides make good, fast, etc progress; improve quickly 进步很大、 很快等: Tom has made enormous strides in his maths this term. 汤姆本学期数学大有进步. take sth in one's stride accept and deal with sth without special effort 不特别费力地认同并处理某事物: Some people find retiring difficult, but he has taken it all in his stride. 有的人觉得很难适应退休後的生活, 但他却能安之若素.
strident
/ 5straIdnt; `straIdnt/ adj (of a sound, esp a voice) loud and harsh; shrill （指声音, 尤指嗓音）粗厉的, 尖锐刺耳的: strident protests 尖利的抗议声 * strident in their demands 他们提出要求时声嘶力竭的. 
stridency 
/ 5straIdEnsI; `straIdnsI/ n [U]. 
stridently 
adv.
stridulate
/ 5strIdjUleIt; ?@ 5strIdVUleIt; `strIdVE9let/ v [I] (of insects such as crickets) make high-pitched chirping sounds by rubbing together certain parts of the body （指昆虫, 如蟋蟀）发尖锐刺耳的唧唧声. 
stridulation
/ 9strIdjU5leIFn; US -dV-; 9strIdVE`leFEn/ n [U].
strife
/ straIf; straIf/ n [U] state of conflict; angry or violent disagreement; quarrelling 冲突; 争斗; 争吵: industrial strife, ie between employers and workers 劳资纠纷 * a nation torn by political strife 由於政治纷争而四分五裂的国家.
strike
/ straIk; straIk/ n  1 organized stopping of work by employees because of a disagreement (eg over pay, conditions, etc); act or instance of striking (strike2 10) 罢工: a miners' strike 矿业工人罢工 * industrial strikes 工业部门的罢工 * a strike by bus drivers 公共汽车司机的罢工 * a general, an unofficial, a wildcat strike 大罢工、 未经工会同意的罢工、 自发举行的罢工 * call a strike 号召举行罢工 * break a strike 破坏罢工 * [attrib 作定语] take strike action 进行罢工.  2 sudden discovery of gold, oil, etc in the earth （金矿、 油田等的）突然发现: (fig 比喻) a lucky strike, ie a fortunate discovery 幸运的发现.  3 sudden attack (esp by aircraft or a missile) 袭击（尤指用飞机或导弹的）: an air strike 空袭 * [attrib 作定语] first strike capacity in a nuclear war, ie the ability to attack an enemy before they can attack you 核战争中先发制人的能力 * The footballer took a strike at the goal. 那个足球队员飞脚射门. * the strike of a hawk on its prey 鹰向猎物之猛扑.  4 (idm 习语) be/go on `strike; be/come/go out on `strike be engaged in/start an industrial strike 举行[开始]罢工: We are (going) on strike. 我们正（要）进行罢工. * The ship-builders came/went out on strike for higher pay. 造船工人为提高工资而举行了罢工.
strikebound 
adj unable to function because of an industrial strike 因罢工而停顿的: The docks were strikebound for a week. 码头因罢工而瘫痪了一个星期.
strike-breaker 
n person who continues to work while fellow employees are on strike, or who is employed in place of striking members 破坏罢工者（指罢工时继续上班的或受雇代替罢工者工作的人）. Cf 参看 blackleg. 
strike-breaking 
n [U].
strike pay 
money paid by a trade union to striking members during a strike officially recognized by the union 罢工津贴（在工会正式组织的罢工期间由工会发给罢工者的）.
strike
/ straIk; straIk/ v (pt, pp struck / strQk; strQk/)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] subject (sb/sth) to an impact; hit (sb/sth) 使（某人[某物]）遭受撞击; 打, 击, 敲（某人[某物]）: The stone struck me on the side of the head. 石子打中了我头部的侧面. * He struck the table a heavy blow with his fist. 他用拳头猛击了一下桌子. =>Usage at hit1 用法见hit1. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) come sharply into contact with sth （使某事物）突然遭遇到某事物: There was a crash of thunder, then the storm struck. 一声惊雷过後, 狂风暴雨突然袭来. * People say that lightning never strikes twice in the same place. 据说闪电从来不会在同一处重复出现. * The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了. * The tree was struck by lightning. 那棵树被雷电击中了. * He struck his head on/against the beam. 他的头撞到梁上了. * He struck the beam with his head. 他的头撞到梁上了. * (fig 比喻) The family was struck by yet another tragedy. 这个家庭又遭不幸了. (c) [Tn] give (a blow) 给予（一击）: Who struck the first blow (ie started the fight)? 是谁先出手打人的? (d) [Ipr] ~ at sb/sth aim a blow at sb/sth 向某人[某物]打去: He struck at me repeatedly with a stick. 他一再挥棍向我打来. (e) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb/sth) to move or fall with a blow or stroke 将（某人[某物]）打跑、 打掉或打倒: He struck her to the ground. 他把她打倒在地. * She struck the ball away. 她把球打了出去.  2 (a) [I] attack, esp suddenly 攻击; （尤指）袭击: Enemy troops struck just before dawn. 敌军在拂晓前发起了进攻. * The lioness crouched ready to strike. 母狮低伏著身子准备攻击. (b) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of disaster, disease, etc) afflict (sb/sth) （指灾难、 疾病等）侵袭, 折磨（某人[某事物]）: It was not long before tragedy struck again. 没多久, 灾难又再次降临. * The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera. 该地区突然发生了霍乱.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] produce (a light, spark, etc) by friction 藉摩擦产生（亮光、 火花等）: strike sparks from a flint 用燧石打出火花. (b) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) ignite in this way （使某物）摩擦点燃: These damp matches won't strike. 这些潮湿的火柴划不著. * strike a match 划火柴.  4 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] produce (a musical note, sound, etc) 发出（乐音、 声音等）: strike a chord on the piano 在钢琴上弹出和声 * (fig 比喻) strike a note of (ie give an impression of) gloom, optimism, caution 显得忧郁、 乐观、 谨慎. (b) [I, Tn] (of a clock) indicate (the time) by sounding a bell, etc （指时钟）敲响报（时）: The clock has just struck (three). 钟刚敲过（三点）. * The clock strikes the hours. 这钟能按小时打点. (c) [I] (of time) be indicated in this way （指时间）由时钟鸣报出: Four o'clock had just struck on the church clock. 教堂的时钟刚敲过四点.  5 [Tn] discover or reach (gold, minerals, oil, etc) by digging or drilling （经挖掘或钻探）发现或接触到（黄金、 矿物、 石油等）: strike a rich vein of ore 发现丰富的矿脉.  6 [Tn] make (a coin, medal, etc) by stamping or punching metal 用冲压法制造（钱币、 奖章等）: The Royal Mint will strike a commemorative gold coin. 英国皇家造币厂将铸造一种纪念金币.  7 [Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态] bring (sb) suddenly into a specified state (as if) by a single stroke 使（某人）（如同）受到一击而突然处於某状态: be struck blind, dumb, silent, etc 顿时看不见东西、 说不出话来、 哑口无言等.  8 [Tn, Dn.f, Dn.w] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) occur to sb's mind 产生於某人的头脑中: An awful thought has just struck me. 我刚才产生了一种很坏的想法. * What struck me was/I was struck by (ie I noticed) their enthusiasm for the work. 使我深有感触的是他们的工作热情[他们的工作热情我深有体会]. * It strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. 我留意到谁也不喜欢这些改革. * It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我突然想到一个办法可以让我们改进这种局面.  9 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sth) have an effect on sb; impress sb (in the way specified) 对某人产生某种效果; （以某种方式）给某人留下印象: How does the idea strike you? 这个主意你觉得怎麽样? * The plan strikes me as ridiculous. 我觉得这个计画荒谬可笑. * The house strikes you as welcoming when you go in. 这所房子你一进去就感到很舒服.  10 [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) (of workers) stop work in protest about a grievance （指工人）罢工: Striking workers picketed the factory. 罢工工人在工厂周围设置了纠察队. * The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 10%. 工会投票决定为要求提高工资10%而举行罢工.  11 [Tn] lower or take down (a sail, tent, etc) 降下或拆除（帆、 帐篷等）: strike (ie dismantle) the set after the play is over 戏演完後撤掉布景. Cf 参看 pitch2 1.  12 [Tn] arrive at or achieve (an average) by reckoning 算出（平均数）.  13 [Tn] come upon (a path, etc); find 偶然发现（路径等）; 找到: It was some time before we struck the track. 我们用 了很长时间才找到了路.  14 [Tn] take (a cutting) from a plant and put it in the soil so that it grows new roots 插（条）（把某些植物的枝插入土壤中使其生根发芽）; 进行插技、 插穗.  15 (idm 习语) be struck on sb/sth (infml 口) be favourably impressed by sb/sth; like sb/sth very much 对某人[某事物]产生良好印象; 非常喜欢某人[某事物]: He's very much struck on his new girl-friend. 他非常喜欢这个新交的女朋友. hit/strike home => home3. hit/strike the right/wrong note => note1. lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning1. strike an `attitude/a `pose hold or put the body in a certain way or use gestures to emphasize what one says or feels; speak or write about one's opinions, intentions or feelings in a dramatic or artificial way 摆姿势或做手势以强调自己的话语或感觉; 做作地说出或写出自己的观点、 意图或感情; 装腔作势: He struck an attitude of defiance with a typically hard-hitting speech. 他以惯用的强硬言词做出违抗的姿态. strike at the root of sth => root1. strike a `balance (between A and B) find a sensible middle point between two demands, extremes, etc; compromise 找到折衷办法; 妥协: It was difficult to strike the right balance between justice and expediency. 在公正与私利之间很难两全. strike a `bargain (with sb) come to an agreement (with sb) esp after much discussion and argument （与某人）达成协议（尤指经多次磋商和争论之後）: They struck a bargain with the landlord that they would look after the garden in return for being allowed to use it. 他们与房东达成协议, 允许他们使用花园, 但须负责照管. strike a blow for/against sth perform an action on behalf of or in support of/against (a belief, cause, principle, etc) 为（信念、 事业、 原则等）而奋斗: By their action, they struck a blow for democracy. 他们以实际行动争取民主. strike camp take down and pack up one's tents, etc 拆除帐篷等; 拔营. strike a `chord (with sb) say sth that other people sympathize or identify with 引起（某人）内心共鸣; 打动（某人）: The speaker had obviously struck a chord with his audience. 那位演讲者显然打动了听众. strike/sound a false note => false. strike fear, etc into sb/sb's heart cause sb to feel fear, etc 使某人感到恐惧等: The news of the epidemic struck terror into the population. 流行病蔓延的消息使居民感到恐慌. strike `gold/`oil discover a rich source of information, wealth, happiness, etc 找到丰富的消息来源、 财源、 幸福源泉等: She hasn't always been lucky with her boy-friends but she seems to have struck gold this time. 她结交男朋友一直运气不佳, 而这一次似乎称心如意了. strike a light! (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (exclamation expressing astonishment or protest 表示惊讶或反对的感叹语). strike (it) `lucky (infml 口) have good luck in a particular matter 在某问题上交好运: We certainly struck (it) lucky with the weather. 我们真幸运,遇上了好天气. strike/sound a note (of sth) => note1.,strike it `rich (infml 口) acquire a lot of money, esp suddenly or unexpectedly 获得大量金钱（尤指突然或意外地）. ,strike while the ,iron is `hot (saying 谚) (often imperative 常用於祈使句) make use of an opportunity immediately; act while conditions are favourable 勿错失良机; 趁热打铁. take/strike root => root1. within `striking-distance near enough to be reached or attacked easily 在对方易达到或易攻击的距离内.  16 (phr v) strike sb down (a) (fml 文) hit sb so that he falls to the ground 把某人打倒在地. (b) (of a disease, etc) make sb unable to lead an active life; make sb seriously ill or kill sb （指疾病等）使某人生活不能自理, 使某人垂危或丧命: He was struck down by cancer at the age of thirty. 他三十岁时死於癌症.
strike sth off 
remove sth with a sharp blow; cut sth off 以猛击动作除去某物: He struck off the rotten branches with an axe. 他用斧头砍掉了朽烂的树枝. strike sb/sth off (sth) remove sb/sb's name from sth, esp from membership of a professional body 将某人[某人的名字]从...中除去（尤指从专业团体中除名）: Strike her name off the list. 把她的名字从名单中除去. * The doctor was struck off for incompetence. 那医生因不称职而被除名.
strike on sth 
get or find sth suddenly or unexpectedly 突然或意外地获得或发现某事物: strike on a brilliant new idea 突然想出一个绝妙的新主意.
strike out (at sb/sth) 
aim vigorous blows or attacks （对准某人[某物]）猛力打去, 猛烈攻击: He lost his temper and struck out wildly. 他大发脾气, 疯狂地出手打人. * (fig 比喻) In a recent article she strikes out at her critics. 她最近写了一篇文章对批评她的人予以猛烈回击. strike sth out/through remove sth by drawing a line through it; cross sth out 删去某物; 将某物划掉: The editor struck out the whole paragraph. 编辑把整段全删掉了. strike out (for/towards sth) move in a vigorous and determined way (towards sth) （朝某事物）奋力前进: strike out on foot for the distant hills 以坚定的步伐向远处的山冈走去 * He struck out (ie started swimming) strongly for the shore. 他开始拼命向岸边游去. * (fig 比喻) strike out on one's own, ie start an independent life, a new career, etc 开始独立的生活、 新的生涯等.
strike (sth) up 
(of a band, an orchestra, etc) begin to play (a piece of music) （指乐队、 管弦乐团等）开始演奏（某乐曲）: The band struck up (a waltz). 乐队开始演奏（华尔兹舞曲）. strike up sth (with sb) begin (a friendship, an acquaintance, a conversation, etc) esp casually （与某人）开始（交往、 认识、 交谈等）（尤指偶然）: He would often strike up conversations with complete strangers. 他经常与陌生人搭讪.
striker
/ 5straIkE(r); `straIkL/ n  1 worker who is on strike罢工的人.  2 (sport 体) (a) (in football) attacking playerwhose most important role is to try to score goals （足球）前锋. =>illus at Association football 见 Association football (association)插图 Cf 参看 forward4. (b) (in cricket) batsman who is facing the bowling （板球）击球手.
striking
/ 5straIkIN; `straIkIN/ adj  1 (a) attracting attention or interest 引人注意的; 饶有兴趣的: a striking display, effect 饶有兴趣的展示、 显著的效果 * There is a striking contrast between the two interpretations. 这两种解释截然不同. (b) attracting attention because of a good appearance; attractive （因相貌好）惹人注目的; 吸引人的: his striking good looks 他那堂堂仪表 * a very striking young woman 美貌动人的年轻女子.  2 (of a clock, etc) that strikes （指时钟等）鸣响报时的. 
strikingly 
adv: a strikingly handsome man 极英俊的男子.
string
/ strIN; strIN/ n  1 (a) [U] thin cord made of twisted threads; twine （细的）绳子; 合股的线: a ball of string 一团线 * tie up a parcel with string 用绳子把包裹捆起来 * attach sth with a length/piece of string 用一根绳子把某物系住. (b) [C] length of this or similar material used to fasten or pull sth, or interwoven in a frame to form the head of a racket 拴或拉某物的绳; （球拍的）　绳: a puppet on strings, ie made to move by pulling strings attached to its joints 牵线木偶 * The key is hanging on a string by the door. 钥匙挂在门边的一根绳子上. * She wore the medal on a string round her neck. 她脖子上戴著一个用绳子穿著的奖牌. * I have broken several strings in my tennis racket. 我把我那网球拍上的几条　绳给弄断了.  2 [C] tightly stretched piece of catgut or wire, eg in a violin, harp or guitar, which produces a musical note when it vibrates （琴）弦. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.  3 the strings [pl] (players of) the stringed instruments (eg violins, cellos, etc) in an orchestra （管弦乐队的）弦乐器（如小提琴、 大提琴等）; 弦乐器演奏者. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.  4 [C] (a) set or series of things put together on a thread, cord, etc 穿在线、 绳等上的一串东西: a string of beads, pearls, etc 一串珠子、 珍珠等 * a string of onions 一串洋葱. (b) series or line of people or things 成列或成行的人; 一连串的事物: a string of visitors 一列参观者 * a string of small lakes 一个接一个的小湖 * a string of abuse, curses, lies 一连串的辱骂、 诅咒、 谎言 * a string of wins 一连串的胜利. (c) group of racehorses that are trained at one stable 在同一马房里训练的一群赛马.  5 [C] tough piece of fibrous substancethat connects the two halves of a bean-pod, etc （豆荚等的）筋.  6 (idm 习语) the first/second `string first/alternative person or thing (to be) relied on for achieving one's purpose 赖以实现目标的占首位的[可作替代的]人或事物. have/keep sb on a `string have/keep sb under one's control 操纵或支配某人: She's had us all on a string for too long. 我们大家受她摆布已经很 长时间了. have two strings/a second, etc string to one's bow => bow1. one's mother's, etc apron strings => apron. (with) no `strings attached/without `strings (infml 口) with no special conditions or restrictions 不附带条件; 无任何限制: a loan of3000 and no strings attached 一笔3000英镑的无条件贷款. pull strings/wires => pull2. pull the strings/wires => pull2.
stringy 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like string 像细绳的; 线状的: lank stringy hair 平直如线绳的头发.  2 (a) (of beans, etc) having a strip of tough fibre （指豆荚等）有韧性纤维的, 有筋的. (b) (of meat) tough （指肉）多筋的. 
stringiness 
n [U].
string band, ,string orchestra 
band or orchestra consisting only of stringed instruments 弦乐队; 弦乐团.
string bean 
= runner bean (runner).
string quartet 
(music to be played by) four people playing stringed instruments 弦乐四重奏曲（演奏者）.
string vest 
(esp Brit) vest made of material with large meshes 网眼背心.
string
/ strIN; strIN/ v (pt, pp strung / strQN; strQN/)  1 [Tn] put a string1(3) or strings on (a bow, violin, tennis racket, etc) 给（弓、 小提琴、 网球拍等）装弦: loosely/tightly strung 装弦装得松[紧].  2 [Tn] thread (pearls, beads, etc) on a string1(1b) 用线或细绳将（珍珠、 珠子等）穿起来.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) hang or tie (sth) in place with a string, rope, etc （用线、 绳等）悬挂, 系住（某物）: Lanterns were strung in the trees around the pool. 水池周围的树上悬挂著灯笼. * Flags had been strung up across the street. 用绳子穿著的旗子横悬在街道上.  4 [Tn] remove the tough fibrous strip from (beans) 除去（豆荚）的筋.  5 (phr v) string sb along deliberately mislead sb, esp about one's own intentions, beliefs, etc 蓄意误导某人（尤指对於自己的意图、 信念等）: She has no intention of marrying him  she's just stringing him along. 她并不想嫁给他--只是想钩住他不放. string along (with sb) stay with or accompany sb casually or as long as it is convenient; tag along 暂与某人相处或为伴; 跟随: I don't want them stringing along as well! 我也同样不愿意让他们跟著来! * She decided to string along with the others as she had nothing else to do. 她反正也无事可做, 所以就跟著大家去了. string (sb/sth) out (cause sb/sth to) be or become spread out at intervals in a line （使某人[某物]）有间隔地成行展开: The players were told to string out across the field. 运动员们得到指示在场上按间隔距离站成一排. * The horses were strung out towards the end of the race. 比赛中的马临近终点时拉开了距离. * Warning notices were strung out along the motorway. 高速公路上隔一段距离就有一个示警牌. string sth together combine (words, phrases, etc) to form meaningful statements 将（词、 词组等）连结成语句: I can just manage to string a few words of French together. 我只能勉强把法语的几个词拼凑在一起. * He hadn't prepared a speech but he managed to string together a few remarks at the end of the meeting. 他并没有准备讲话, 但在会议结束时现凑了几句. string sb up (infml 口) kill sb by hanging (esp not legally) 绞死或吊死某人（尤指非法地）: If the crowd catch him, they'll string him up on the nearest tree. 那帮人要是抓住他, 准得找棵树把他吊死.
stringed instrument 
musical instrument with strings that are played by touching them with a bow or plectrum 弦乐器: The viola is a stringed instrument. 中提琴是一种弦乐器.
stringent
/ 5strIndVEnt; `strIndVEnt/ adj  1 (of a law, rule, etc) that must be obeyed; strict or severe （指法律、 规则等）必须遵守的, 严格的, 严厉的: a stringent ban onsmoking 禁止吸烟的严格规定.  2 (of financial conditions) difficult because there is not enough money （指财务状况）因缺钱而困难的, 银根紧的: a stringent economic climate 窘迫的经济情势. 
stringency 
/ -nsI; -nsI/ n [U]: in these days of financial stringency 在银根收缩的这段日子里. 
stringently 
adv: The regulations must be stringently observed. 这些规则必须严格遵守.
stringer
/ 5strINE(r); `strINL/ n newspaper correspondent who is not on the regular staff 特约记者.
strip
/ strIp; strIp/ v (-pp-)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a]~ sth (from/off sth/sb); ~ sth/sb (of sth); ~ sth (off) take off (clothes, coverings, parts, etc) from sb/sth 从某人[某物]处除去（衣物、 覆盖物、 零件等）: strip (iedismantle) a machine 拆卸机器 * strip the bark off a tree/strip a tree of its bark 剥去树皮 * The bandits stripped him (naked)/stripped him of his clothes. 强盗把他的衣服剥光了. * The paint will be difficult to strip off. 这层漆很难除掉. * They stripped the house bare, ie removed everything from it. 他们把房子里的东西都搬空了. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (to sth); ~ (off) take off one's clothes 脱去衣服: The doctor asked the patient to strip. 医生让病人脱掉衣服. * strip to (ie remove all one's clothes except) one's underwear 脱到只剩内衣 * strip to the waist, ie remove clothes from the upper part of one's body 脱光上身衣服 * They stripped off and ran into the water. 他们脱掉衣服跑进水里.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth take away (property, honours, etc) from sb 剥夺某人的（财产、 荣誉等）: He was stripped of all his possessions. 剥夺了他的全部财产. * The general was stripped of his rank. 这位将军被免去了军阶.  3 [Tn] damage the thread of (a screw) or the teeth of (a gear), esp by misuse 损坏（螺钉等）的螺纹或（齿轮）的齿（尤因使用不当）.  4 (idm 习语) strip to the buff (infml 口) take all one's clothes off; undress completely 脱光衣服.  5 (phr v) strip sth down remove all the detachable parts of (esp an engine) in order to clean or repair it 卸掉（尤指发动机）的所有零件进行清理或检修.
strip 
n  1 act of stripping (strip 1b), esp in a strip-tease show 脱衣; （尤指）脱衣舞表演: do a strip 表演脱衣舞.  2 long narrow piece (of material, etc) or area (of land, etc) 狭长的一块（材料、 土地等）: a strip of paper 一张纸条 * a strip of land suitable for a garden 适合做园子的一块狭长土地 * a landing-strip in the jungle 丛林中的简易飞机跑道.  3 (infml 口) clothes of a particular colour or colours worn by the members of a football team （足球队员的）运动服（可为单色或彩色）: England are playing in the blue and white strip. 英格兰队穿著蓝白色运动衣进行比赛.  4 (idm 习语) tear sb off a strip/tear a strip off sb => tear2.
stripper 
n  1 [C] person who performs in a strip-tease 脱衣舞表演者.  2 [C, U] device or solvent for removing paint, etc 清除油漆等的器具或溶剂; 剥离器; 清除剂.
strip cartoon 
(Brit) = comic strip (comic).
strip club (US also `strip joint) 
club in which strip-tease is performed 脱衣舞夜总会.
strip lighting, `strip light 
(method of lighting with a) long tubular fluorescent lamp (instead of a bulb) 荧光灯管（照明方法）.
strip-tease 
n [C, U] entertainment (eg in a theatre, bar or nightclub) in which a performer slowly undresses in front of an audience 脱衣舞（剧场、 酒吧或夜总会等中的一种节目, 表演者当众徐徐脱掉衣服）.
stripe
/ straIp; straIp/ n  1 long narrow band (usu of the same width throughout its length) on a surface that is usu different from it in colour, material or texture 条纹, 线条（通常全长等宽, 而颜色、 材料或质地通常异於底面）: a white table-cloth with red stripes 有红色条纹的白桌布 * the tiger's stripes 老虎的斑纹 * The plates have a blue stripe round the edge. 这些盘子边缘上有一道蓝线. =>illus at pattern 见pattern插图.  2 badge (often in the shape of a V) that is worn on the uniform of a soldier, policeman, etc as a mark of rank; chevron （军警等制服上的）级别条纹（常呈V字形）; V形臂章: How many stripes are there on a sergeant's sleeve? 中士的袖子上有几道V形条纹? * She was awarded another stripe. 她又升了一级.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) (arch 古) blow with a whip; stroke 鞭打; 抽打.
striped 
/ straIpt; `straIpt/ adj marked with or having stripes (stripe 1) 以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的: striped material 有条纹的料子 * a striped shirt, suit, tie 带条纹的衬衫、 一套衣服、 领带.
stripy 
/ 5straIpI; `straIpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = striped: bright stripy cloth 带条纹的鲜艳的布.
stripling
/ 5strIplIN; `strIplIN/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) male person between boyhood and manhood; youth or lad 青年男子; 小伙子: a young man, hardly more than stripling 一个小伙子, 尚不及而立之年.
strive
/ straIv; straIv/ v (pt strove / strEUv; strov/, pp striven / 5strIvn; `strIvEn/) (fml 文)  1 [Ipr, It] ~ (for/after sth) try very hard (to obtain or achieve sth) （为获得或实现某事物）努力, 奋斗: strive for success 力争获得 成功 * strive to improve one's performance 努力提高演技.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/with sb/sth) carry on aconflict; struggle 进行斗争; 争斗: strive against oppression,the enemy 反抗压迫、 抗击敌人.
stroboscope
/ 5strEUbEskEUp; `strobE9skop/ n instrumentthat produces a rapidly flashing bright light 频闪观测仪. 
stroboscopic 
/ 9strEUbE5skCpIk; 9strobE`skBpIk/ adj.
strobe light (also strobe) 
light that flashes rapidly on and off 频闪灯: disco dancers lit by strobe lights 在频闪灯照射下跳迪斯科舞的人.
strode
pt of stride.
stroke
/ strEUk; strok/ n  1 (a) act or process of striking; blow 击; 打; 打击: kill sb with one stroke of a sword 一剑劈死某人 * 20 strokes with a whip 鞭打20下. (b) (sport 体) (in tennis, golf, etc) act of striking a ball; (in golf) this used as a unit of scoring （网球、 高尔夫球等）击球动作; （高尔夫球）得分的一击: a forehand stroke 正手击球 * a graceful stroke with the bat 用拍击球的一个优美动作 * She won by two strokes. 她两次击球得分获胜.2 (a) any of a series of repeated movements, esp in swimming or rowing 一连串反覆动作中的一次; （尤指游泳或划船的）一次划水: long powerful strokes 有力的长划动作 * a fast/slow stroke, ie in rowing 快[慢]划（划船）. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) style of stroke in swimming 游泳姿势; 游法: do (the) breast-stroke, back-stroke, etc 进行蛙泳、 仰泳等 * Which stroke are you best at? 你最擅长哪一种游法?  3 (in a rowing crew) oarsman who sits nearest the stern of a racing boat, and sets the speed of the strokes （划船者中的）尾桨手（位於船尾, 掌握划速）. Cf 参看 bow3 2.  4 ~ of sth single successful or effective action or occurrence (of the specified kind) （某类型的）一次成功或有效的行动或事情: Your idea was a stroke of genius! 你的主意真了不起! * It was a stroke of luck that I found you here. 我在这里碰见你真是运气. * Various strokes of misfortune led to his ruin. 他遭诸多不幸而一蹶不振.  5 (mark made by a) single movement of a pen or brush （钢笔、 毛笔等的）一笔, 笔画: thin/thick strokes 细[粗]笔画 * with a stroke of the pen 用笔一挥 * put the finishing strokes to a painting 画上最後几笔.  6 sound made by a bell or clock striking the hours （报时的）铃声或钟声: on the stroke of three, ie at three o'clock exactly 钟鸣三响（三时正）.  7 (medical 医) sudden attack of illness in the brain that can cause loss of the power to move, speak clearly, etc 中风; 卒中: The stroke left him paralysed on one side of his body. 他因患中风而致半身不遂. Cf 参看 apoplexy.  8 (idm 习语) at a/one `stroke with a single immediate action 一下子; 一举: They threatened to cancel the whole project at a stroke. 他们扬言要一下子取消整个项目. not do a stroke (of work) not do any work 什麽工作都不做: We'll have to get rid of him  he never does a stroke. 我们得把他弄走--他什麽活儿都不干. put sb off his `stroke cause sb to falter, hesitate, etc in what he is doing 使某人行事动摇、 犹豫等: My speech went quite well until I was put off my stroke by the interruption. 我起初讲得很顺利, 可是受到干扰後就结巴起来了.
stroke 
v  1 [Tn] act as a stroke1(3) to (a boat or crew) 当...的尾桨手.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] strike (a ball) 击（球）: stroked the ball cleverly past her opponent 她巧妙地一击把球打过对手.
stroke
/ strEUk; strok/ v [Tn] pass the hand gently over (a surface), usu again and again （用手）轻抚, 抚摩（某物表面）（通常指反覆地）: stroke a cat, one's beard, sb's back 抚摩猫、 自己的胡须、 某人的背.
stroke 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) act of stroking; stroking movement 轻抚; 抚摩: give her hair an affectionate stroke 深情地抚摸她的头发.
stroll
/ strEUl; strol/ n slow leisurely walk 散步; 漫步; 闲逛; 溜达: go for/have a stroll 去散步.
stroll 
v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk in a slow leisurely way 散步; 漫步; 闲逛; 溜达: strolling (around) in the park 在公园（各处）溜达 * He strolls in and out as he pleases. 他随意地出来进去闲逛. 
stroller 
n  1 person who strolls 散步者; 闲逛者.  2 (esp US) = push-chair (push2).
strong
/ strCN; ?@ strR:N; strRN/ adj (-er / -NgE(r); -N^L/, -est / -NgIst; -N^Ist/)  1 (a) not easily broken, hurt, injured, captured, etc; solid and sturdy 不易破坏、 损坏、 伤害、 捕获等的; 坚固的; 强壮的: a strong stick, fort, structure 结实的手杖、 堡垒、 构造 * feel quite strong again, ie in good health after an illness 觉得完全康复了 * The chair wasn't strong enough and it broke when he sat on it. 这把椅子不够结实, 他一坐上去就散架了. * We need strong defences against the enemy. 我们需要建立强大的防御力量以抗击敌人. * We still have a strong chance of winning. 我们仍很有希望获胜. (b) having great power, esp of the body 强有力的（尤指身体）: strong muscles 强健的肌肉 * a strong country, ie one with a large army, etc 强国（拥有大量军队等的） * an actor with a strong voice 嗓音洪亮的男演员 * strong enough to lift a piano alone 力气大得能独自搬起钢琴. (c) done or happening with great power 用力的; 强劲的: a strong push, blow 有力的一推、 一击 * play a strong shot, eg in tennis 用力一击（如网球赛中）.  2 (a) (of emotions, opinions, etc) that can resist influence （指感情、 观点等）能抵御外来影响的, 坚定的, 不动摇的: strong will, belief, determination 坚强的意志、 信念、 决心 * have strong nerves, ie be not easily frightened, worried, etc 有非凡的勇气. (b) that can exert great influence 能发挥巨大影响力的: a strong conviction, protest 坚定的信仰、 强烈的抗议 * a strong personality 很强的个性 * strong leadership 坚强的领导 * There is strong (ie convincing) evidence of her guilt. 她的罪证确凿. (c) [attrib 作定语] (of a person) convinced; determined （指人）有坚定信仰的, 有决心的: a strong believer, supporter 坚定的信徒、 支持者.  3 moving quickly 快速移动的: a strong wind, current, etc 强风、 急流.  4 (a) (capable of) having a great effect on the senses; intense or powerful （能）产生强烈的感官效果的; 强烈的; 有力的: a strong light, colour 强光、 浓重的颜色 * a strong feeling of nausea 很强烈的厌恶感 * Her breath is rather strong, ie has an unpleasant smell. 她口臭很重. (b) having a lot of flavour 味浓的: strong tea, cheese, etc 酽茶、 味重的乾酪 * a strong taste of garlic 强烈的蒜味. (c) (of a drink) containing much alcohol （指酒）酒精含量高的, 烈性的: Whisky is stronger than beer. 威士忌比啤酒度数大.  5 (of a person) effective; skilful; able （指人）工作效率高的, 有技巧的, 能干的: a strong candidate for a job, ie one who is likely to get it 极有可能被录用的人 * a pupil who is strong in physics but weak in English 物理好而英语差的学生.  6 (after numbers 用於数词之後) having the specified number 有某数量的: an army 5000 strong/a 5000-strong army 一支5000人的军队.  7 (commerce 商) (a) rising steadily 稳步上升的: strong prices, share values, etc 坚挺的价格、 股票价值等 * The stock market is stronger now, ie People are more willing to buy shares, etc. 股票行情现在看涨（买者踊跃）. (b) (of a currency) having a high value in relation to other currencies （指某货币）较为坚挺的: Is the pound strong or weak (against the yen) at the moment? 目前英镑（对日元）是坚挺还是疲软?  8 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (grammar) (a) (of a verb) forming the past tense by a vowel change (eg sing, sang), not by adding -d, -ed or -t （指动词）强的, 不规则的（用元音变化而不用添加词尾d、 ed或t的方法构成过去式的, 如sing、 sang）. (b) (of the pronunciation of some words) that is the version used when the word is stressed （指某些字的读音）强式的: The strong form of `and' is / nd; And/. *and一字的强式读音为/And/.  9 [pred 作表语] (infml 口 esp Brit) not to be tolerated, believed, etc 难以容忍、 无法相信等: It was a bit strong of him to call me a liar in front of the whole department. 他当著全体同事的面说我撒谎, 未免太过分了.  10 (idm 习语) be strong on sth be good at sth or doing sth 擅长某事物的; 善於做某事的: I'm not very strong on dates. 我不善於和异性朋友约会. one's best/strongest card => card1. going `strong (infml 口) continuing (a race, an activity, etc) vigorously; continuing to be healthy 精力充沛地继续（赛跑、 活动等）; 依然健壮: She's 91 years old and still going strong. 她已91岁了, 仍然很健康. * The runner is still going strong on the last lap. 那个赛跑运动员在跑最後一圈时仍然劲头很足. (as) strong as a `horse/an `ox having great physical strength; able to do heavy work 体壮如马的; 力大如牛的. one's/sb's strong `point/`suit thing that one/sb does well 自己[某人]所擅长的事物: Don't ask me to add up the bill: arithmetic isn't my strong point. 别叫我算帐单, 我的算术可不怎麽样. a strong stomach ability not to feel nausea 不感 到恶心: You have to have a strong stomach to watch animals being slaughtered. 要想看宰杀动物, 得看著不恶心才行. > strongly adv: strongly built 体格健壮的 * a light shining strongly 很明亮的灯 * a strongly-worded protest 措辞激烈的抗议 * She finished the race strongly. 她很有毅力地跑完了全程. * I feel strongly that..., ie I firmly believe that... 我坚信....
strong-arm 
adj [attrib 作定语] using violence 使用暴力的: use strong-arm methods, tactics, etc 采用强制方法、 策略等.
strong-box 
n sturdy box for keeping valuable things in 保险箱; 保险柜.
stronghold 
n  1 fort 堡垒; 要塞.  2 (fig 比喻) place where there is much support for a cause, etc 某事业备受支持的地方; 据点; 根据地: a stronghold of republicanism 共和运动的据点.
strong language 
(euph 婉) language containing curses and swearing 骂人的话.
strong-minded 
adj having a determined mind 意志坚强的; 有决心的.
strong-room 
n room, eg in a bank, with thick walls and a sturdy door, where valuables are kept （银行等中放置贵重物品的）保险库.
strontium
/ 5strCntIEm; ?@ -nFIEm; `strBnFIEm/ n [U] chemical element, a soft silver-white metal 锶. =>App 10 见附录 10.
strontium 90 
radioactive form of strontium found in the fall-out from nuclear explosions and extremely harmful to people and animals when taken into the body 锶 90（锶的放射性同位素）.
strop
/ strCp; strBp/ n leather strap on which a razor is sharpened, or a machine used for the same purpose 磨剃刀的皮带或机器.
strop 
v (-pp-) [Tn] sharpen (a razor) on a strop 在皮带或打磨机上磨（剃刀）.
stroppy
/ 5strCpI; `strBpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit sl 俚) (of a person) awkward to deal with; bad-tempered （指人）难对付的, 脾气坏的: Don't get stroppy with me  it's not my fault! 别对我发火--那不是我的错!
strove
pt of strive.
struck
pt, pp of strike.
structuralism
/ 5strQktFErElIzEm; `strQktFErE9lIzEm/ n [U] method of analysing a subject (eg social sciences, psychology, language, literature), which concentrates on the structure of a system and the relations between its elements, rather than on the function of those elements 结构主义（社会科学、 心理学、 语言学、 文学等学科采用的研究方法, 注重系统中的结构及其各成分间的关系而并非各成分的功能）.
structuralist 
/ -rElIst; -rElIst/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]: a structuralist approach, analysis 结构主义的方法、 分析法.  n person who uses structuralist methods 结构主义者.
structure
/ 5strQktFE(r); `strQktFL/ n  1 [U, C] way in which sth is put together, organized, built, etc 结构; 构造: the structure of the human body 人体的构造 * rules of sentence structure 句子的结构规则 * the company's management structure 公司的管理机构 * molecular structure 分子的结构.  2 [C] anything made of many parts; any complex whole; building 有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物: The model is an odd-looking structure of balls and rods. 这个模型是由球和杆组成的结构, 样子很奇特. * The Parthenon is a magnificent structure. 帕台农神庙是一座宏伟的建筑物.
structure 
v [Tn] give a structure to (sth); plan or organize 使（某事物）形成结构; 计画; 组织: structure one's day, life, career 安排自己的一天、 生活、 职业 * an intelligently structured essay 结构巧妙的文章.
structural 
/ 5strQktFErEl; `strQktFErEl/ adj [usu attrib通常作定语] of a structure or the framework of a structure 结构（上）的; 构架（上）的: structural alterations to a building, eg removing internal walls to make rooms bigger 建筑物结构上的改变（如拆掉隔墙以加大房间面积）. 
structurally 
/ -ErElI; -ErElI/ adv: The building is structurally sound. 这座建筑物结构很坚固.
strudel
/ 5stru:dl; `strudl/ n [C, U] type of cake made of sweetened fruit, etc rolled up in thin pastry and baked 果馅卷饼: a slice of apple strudel 一块苹果馅卷饼.
struggle
/ 5strQgl; `strQ^l/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb) fight (with sb) （与某人）争斗, 搏斗, 打斗: two boys struggling (together) （在一起）扭打著的两个男孩 * The shopkeeper struggled with the thief. 店主与那窃贼搏斗起来. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ (against/with sb/sth) move one's body vigorously, eg trying to get free 挣扎: The prisoner struggled (against his captors) but couldn't escape. 那囚犯挣扎著（要摆脱那些逮他的人）, 却未能逃脱. * She struggled to get away from her attacker. 她挣扎著想摆脱那个侵犯她的人.  2 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb/sth) (for sth) try to overcome difficulties, etc; make great efforts 斗争; 拼搏; 奋斗; 努力: struggle with a problem, one's conscience 同困难作斗争、 与自己的良心搏斗 * The two leaders are struggling for power. 那两个领导人正在争夺权力. * We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs. 我们必须努力克服这种偏见, 从而在信仰上采取更为宽容的态度. * I'm struggling to finish the huge helping you gave me. 你给我添的这麽多吃的, 我得尽力把它吃完.  3 [Ipr, Ip] make one's way with difficulty (in the specified direction) 艰难地（朝某方向）行进: The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out (of it). 小鸡终於破开蛋壳, 挣扎著（从中）钻了出来.  4 (phr v) struggle along/on manage to survive in spite of great difficulties 勉强生存下去: We're struggling along on a tiny income. 我们依靠极少的收入过活.
struggle 
n  1 fight 打斗; 格斗; 搏斗; 战斗; 斗争: a fierce struggle between two wrestlers 两名摔交运动员之间的激烈搏斗 * a power struggle 权力斗争 * the class struggle 阶级斗争 * We will not surrender without a struggle. 我们绝不会不战而降.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) great effort 努力; 奋斗: After a long struggle, she gained control of the business. 她经过长期的努力, 在业务上已能应付自如.
strum
/ strQm; strQm/ v (-mm-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (on sth) play (a stringed instrument), esp rather unskilfully or monotonously 演奏（弦乐器）（尤指不很熟练或单调乏味）: strumming (away) on my guitar （我）胡乱拨弄著吉他 * strum a tune on the banjo 用班卓琴乱弹一曲.
strumpet
/ 5strQmpIt; `strQmpIt/ n (arch or joc derog 古或谑, 贬) female prostitute 妓女; 婊子.
strung
pt, pp of string2.
strung up 
/ 9strQN 5Qp; 9strQN `Qp/ nervously tense or excited 神经紧张的; 激动的: I get very strung up before an exam. 我临考试前紧张得不得了.
strut
/ strQt; strQt/ n rod or bar placed in a framework to strengthen and brace it （框架的）支杆, 支柱, 支撑物.
strut
/ strQt; strQt/ v (-tt-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (often derog 常作贬义) walk in an upright, proud way 趾高气扬地走; 高视阔步: strutting peacocks 大摇大摆的孔雀 * She strutted past us, ignoring our greeting. 她神气活现地从我们跟前走过, 我们打招呼她都不理.
strut 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) such a way of walking 趾高气扬的步态; 高视阔步的样子.
strychnine
/ 5strIkni:n; `strIknin/ n [U] poisonous substance used in very small doses to stimulate the nerves 士的宁, 马钱子碱（有毒, 微量可作兴奋剂）
stub
/ stQb; stQb/ n  1 short end piece or stump remaining from a pencil, cigarette or similarly-shaped object; butt （铅笔、 香烟等物的）残段, 残端; 铅笔头; 烟蒂: The crayon had been worn down to a stub. 这枝蜡笔用得只剩一小段了. * The dog only has a stub of a tail, ie a very short one. 这条狗的尾巴很短.  2 counterfoil 票根; 存根: fill in a cheque stub 填写支票的存根.
stub 
v (-bb-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sth) strike (esp one's toe) accidentally against sth hard 使（尤指脚趾）碰到某物: I've stubbed my toe on a rock. 我的脚趾碰到石头上了.  2 (phr v) stub sth out extinguish (esp a cigarette) by pressing it against sth hard （在硬物上）碾灭（尤指香烟）.
stubble
/ 5stQbl; `stQbl/ n [U]  1 short ends of grain stalks left in the ground after harvesting 作物收割後遗留在地里的残茎; 茬子.  2 short stiff hairs of a beard 短而硬的胡茬子: three days' stubble on his chin 他下巴上三天未刮的胡茬子.
stubbly 
/ 5stQblI; `stQblI/ adj of or like stubble （似）茬子的: a stubbly beard, chin 短硬的胡茬子、 长满胡茬子的下巴.
stubborn
/ 5stQbEn; `stQbLn/ adj  1 (often derog 常作贬义) determined not to give way; strong-willed; obstinate 不退让的; 倔强的; 固执的; 顽固的: be too stubborn to apologize 硬是不肯道歉 * show stubborn resistance to change 对改革采取顽抗态度.  2 difficult to move, remove, cure, etc 难以移动、 去除、 医治等的: You'll have to push hard, that door is a bit stubborn. 你得用力推才行, 那门不大好开. * a stubborn cough that has lasted for weeks 已持续几周难以治愈的咳嗽.  3 (idm 习语) obstinate/stubborn as a mule => mule1. 
stubbornly 
adv: stubbornly refuse to do it 顽固地拒绝做那件事. 
stubbornness 
n [U].
stubby
/ 5stQbI; `stQbI/ adj (-ier, -iest) short and thick 短而粗的: stubby fingers 又短又粗的手指 * a stubby tail 短而粗的尾巴.
stucco
/ 5stQkEU; `stQko/ n [U] plaster or cement used for covering or decorating walls or ceilings （涂饰墙壁或天花板用的）灰泥. 
stuccoed 
adj.
stuck
pt, pp of stick2.
stuck
/ stQk; stQk/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] not able to move or continue doing sth 不能动; 不能继续做某事: Help! I'm stuck in the mud! 救命啊! 我陷进泥里不能动了! * We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour. 我们因交通堵塞而受阻一个小时. * I'm stuck on (ie unable to answer) the second question. 我在第二个问题上卡住了（不会回答）.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of an animal) that has been stabbed or has had its throat cut （指动物）被刺的, 被割破咽喉的: scream like a stuck pig 像宰猪似的尖叫.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ on sb (infml 口) very fond of sb 非常喜欢某人: He's really stuck on his new girl-friend. 他可真爱这个新交的女朋友.  4 [pred 作表语] ~ with sb/sth (infml 口) having sb/sth one does not want 与不喜欢的某人[某事物]在一起: I'm stuck with my sister for the whole day. 我一整天都让妹妹给缠住了. * Why am I always stuck with the washing-up? 干吗总是要我洗餐具?  5 (idm 习语) get stuck in(to sth) (infml 口) start doing sth enthusiastically 积极地开始做某事: Here's your food. Now get stuck in (ie start eating it)! 这是给你吃的. 快吃吧! * We got stuck into the job immediately. 我们立刻动手干了起来.
stuck-up
/ 9stQk 5Qp; `stQk`Qp/ adj (infml 口) conceited and unwilling to mix with others; snobbish 高傲的; 倨傲不群的; 自命不凡的.
stud
/ stQd; stQd/ n  1 (a) small two-headed button-like device put through buttonholes to fasten a collar, shirt-front, etc （两端突起的）领扣, 饰钮（衬衫前面用的）. (b) piece of jewellery (esp an ear-ring) consisting of a precious stone, etc attached to a small bar （镶有宝石等并有一条小棍连著的）首饰; （尤指）耳环: diamond studs in her ears 她耳朵上戴的钻石耳环.  2 (a) large-headed nail or knob (usu one of many) on the surface of sth (eg a gate or a shield) as an ornament 饰钉, 大头钉（如钉在门、 盾等上的）. (b) small round knob on the sole of a shoe or boot, to allow it to grip better 鞋钉（鞋靴底部的, 用以增加附著力）: the studs on a football boot 足球靴的靴钉.
stud 
v (-dd-) [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) decorate (a surface) with many studs, precious stones, etc 用许多饰钮、 饰钉、 宝石等装饰（某物表面）: millions of stars studding the night sky 布满夜空的繁星 * a crown studded with jewels 镶满宝石的皇冠 * a sea studded with small islands 有许多小岛的大海.
stud
/ stQd; stQd/ n  1 (a) number of horses kept esp for breeding 一群马（尤指种马）: [attrib 作定语] a stud mare 雌性种马. (b) (also `stud-farm) place where such horses are kept 种马场.  2 (<!> infml 讳, 口) young man, esp one who is thought to be very active sexually and is regarded as a good sexual partner 小伙子（尤指性欲旺盛堪为性伴侣的）.  3 (idm 习语) at `stud (of a stallion) available for breeding on payment of a fee （指牡马）供配种以收取费用的. put sth out to `stud keep (a horse) for breeding 为配种而饲养（马）.
stud-book 
n book containing the pedigrees of (esp) racehorses 马种系谱; （尤指）赛马血统登记簿.
student
/ 5stju:dnt; ?@ 5stu:-; `studnt/ n  1 (a) person who is studying for a degree, diploma, etc at a university or some other place of higher education or technical training 大学生; 专科学校学生: a BA student 修读文学士学位的大学生 * a medical student 医科学生 * [attrib 作定语] a student nurse, teacher, etc 实习的护士、 教师等 * student politics 大学生的政治活动. (b) (esp US) boy or girl at school 中学生; 小学生.  2 ~ of sth (fml 文) person who is studying or has a particular interest in sth 研究者; 学者: a student of politics, human nature, theology 研究政治学、 人性、 神学的学者.
studied
/ 5stQdId; `stQdId/ adj carefully considered; intentional; deliberate 审慎考虑的; 有意的; 蓄意的: reply with studied indifference 故作冷漠的回答 * the studied slowness of his movements 他那故意作出的慢吞吞的动作.
studio
/ 5stju:dIEU; ?@ 5stu:-; `studI9o/ n (pl ~s)  1 work-room of a painter, sculptor, photographer, etc （画家、 雕塑家、 摄影师等的）工作室, 画室, 雕塑室, 摄影室, 照相馆.  2 room from which radio or television programmes are regularly broadcast or in which recordings are made （电台或电视的）播音室, 演播室, 录制室: [attrib 作定语] a studio audience, ie an audience in a studio, to provide applause, laughter, etc 录制现场的观众（提供掌声、 笑声等效果的）.  3 (a) place where cinema films are acted and photographed （电影）摄影棚. (b) (usu pl通常作复数) cinema company, including all its buildings, offices, etc 电影公司; 电影制片厂: [attrib 作定语] a studio executive 电影公司经理.
studio couch 
couch that can be converted into a bed （坐卧两用的）长沙发, 沙发床.
studio flat 
(Brit) (also esp US studio apartment) small flat, usu having a main room for living and sleeping in, with a small kitchen and a bathroom 单间公寓（通常有一主要房间兼作起居室和卧室, 另加小厨房和浴室）; 独单元住宅.
studious
/ 5stju:dIEs; ?@ 5stu:-; `studIEs/ adj  1 spending a lot of time studying 勤於学习的; 好学的; 用功的: a studious pupil 用功的学生.  2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) showing great carefulness; deliberate 仔细的; 用心的; 故意的: the studious checking of details 仔细查对细节 * with studious politeness 故作有礼. 
studiously 
adv. 
studiousness 
n [U].
study
/ 5stQdI; `stQdI/ n  1 [U] (also studies [pl]) process of gaining knowledge of a subject, esp from books 学习; （尤指）读书; 研究: fond of study 好学 * give all one's spare time to study 把业余时间全用於学习 * My studies show that... 我经研究得出结论... * [attrib 作定语] study time 学习时间.  2 [C] (a) (book, etc that is the result of an) investigation of a subject 研究; 研究成果; 作为研究成果的著作等: make a study of the country's export trade 研究该国的出口贸易 * publish a study of Locke's philosophy 发表研究洛克哲学思想的论述. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) subject that is (to be) investigated 研究科目; 学科; 课题: scientific, legal studies 科学方面的、 法律方面的研究课题.  3 [C] room, esp in sb's home, used for reading and writing 书房（尤指家中的）.  4 [C] (a) drawing, etc done for practice, esp before doing a larger picture （绘画等）习作; （尤指绘制大幅图画之前的）试画. (b) (music 音) composition designed to give a player exercise in technical skills 练习曲.  5 a study [sing] thing worth observing; unusual sight 值得注意的事物; 不寻常的景象: His face was a study as he listened to their amazing news. 他听到他们那令人吃惊的消息时, 脸上呈现异样的表情.  6 (idm 习语) in a brown study => brown.
study
/ 5stQdI; `stQdI/ v (pt, pp studied)  1 [I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tw] give one's time and attention to learning about (sth), esp by reading, attending a university, etc 学习（某事物）（尤指阅读、 上大学等）; 研读; 攻读; 研究: studying (for a degree in) medicine 攻读医科（的学位） * studying to be a doctor 读医科 * It's hard finding time to study (the subject). 很难找出时间来学习（这门学问）. * I'm studying how children learn to speak. 我正在研究儿童是如何学说话的.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] examine (sth) very carefully 仔细察看（某事物）: study the map, menu, programme 细阅地图、 菜单、 节目单 * Scientists are studying the photographs of Mars for signs of life. 科学家在仔细察看火星照片, 看有没有生命的迹象.
stuff
/ stQf; stQf/ n  1 [U] material of which sth is made 原料; 材料: What stuff is this jacket made of? 这件甲克是用什麽料子做的? * A kind of plastic stuff is used to make the plates. 这些盘子是用一种塑料制造的. * (fig 比喻) Real life is the stuff (ie subject-matter) of all good novels. 现实生活是所有优秀小说的题材. * (fig 比喻) We must find out what stuff he is made of, ie what sort of man he is, what his character is. 我们得弄清楚他为人怎样.  2 [U] (sl 俚) unnamed things, belongings, activities, subject-matter, etc 东西、 财物、 活动、 题材等: Leave your stuff in the hall. 把你的东西放在门厅里. * This book is really boring stuff. 这本书真是枯燥无味. * Do you call this stuff beer? 你把这东西叫做啤酒吗? * There has been some really good stuff on TV lately. 近来电视上有些节目确实不错.  3 (idm 习语) a bit of stuff=> bit1. do one's `stuff (infml 口) show what one can do, etc 显身手: It's your turn to sing now, so do your stuff. 现在轮到你唱了, 露一手吧. hot stuff => hot. know one's onions/stuff => know. ,stuff and `nonsense interj (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to dismiss sth that has been said 用以驳斥说过的话): Stuff and nonsense! You don't know what you're talking about. 胡说八道! 你说得太不像话了. ,that's the `stuff! (infml 口) that is good or what is needed 这就对啦; 这才是需要的.
stuff
/ stQf; stQf/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) fill sth tightly (with sth); cram sth (with sth) （用某物）塞满某物: stuff a pillow (with feathers) （用羽毛）填充枕头 * stuff up a hole (with newspapers) （用报纸）堵住洞 * My nose is stuffed up, ie full of mucus. 我的鼻子堵了（鼻涕多）. * (fig 比喻) Don't stuff him with silly ideas. 别教他馊主意. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth into sth/in cram sth tightly into sth 把某物塞入某物中: stuff feathers into a pillow 把羽毛填入枕头 * She stuffed her clothes in and then tried to close the lid. 她把衣服塞进去, 想盖上盖儿.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sth) quickly and carelessly (in the specified place or direction) 匆忙而胡乱地推或塞（某物）: She stuffed the coins into her pocket. 她把硬币塞进口袋里. * He stuffed the letter through (the door) and hurried away. 他把信塞进门里就匆匆离开了.  3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/oneself) (with sth) fill (sb/oneself) with food; eat greedily 让（某人[自己]）吃饱; 狼吞虎咽地吃: I'm stuffed (ie full of food)! 我吃饱了! * She sat stuffing herself with biscuits. 她坐在那里吃饼乾.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put chopped and flavoured food into (a bird, etc) before cooking it 用剁碎的调味食品填入（禽等）（以备烹调）: stuffed veal 加填料的牛犊肉 * a turkey stuffed with parsley, thyme, chestnuts, etc 加有欧芹、 百里香、 栗子等填料的火鸡.  5 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] fill the empty carcass of (a bird, an animal, etc) with enough material to restore it to its original shape, eg for exhibition in a museum 填充（鸟兽等）的掏空的躯体以保存（如陈列於博物馆中）: a stuffed tiger, owl, etc 制成标本的老虎、 猫头鹰等.  6 [Tn] (sl 俚) (used to express rejection of sth 用以表示摈弃某事物) dispose of (sth) as unwanted; do as one likes with (sth) 将不要的（某物）处理掉; 随意处理（某事物）: You can stuff the job, I don't want it. 这工作你随意处理, 我不要.  7 [Tn] (<!> dated sl 讳, 旧, 俚) have sexual intercourse with (a woman) 与（女子）性交.  8 (idm 习语) get `stuffed (Brit sl 俚) (used to express contempt, rejection, etc 用以表示鄙夷、 摈弃等): He wanted to borrow some money from me but I told him to get stuffed. 他想找我借点钱, 但我叫他滚开. a stuffed `shirt (infml 口) pompous or pretentious person 妄自尊大的人; 自命不凡的人.
stuffing 
n [U]  1 (US dressing) chopped and flavoured food used for stuffing (stuff2 4) a bird, etc before it is cooked （禽等的）填料（烹制前填入内膛的经剁碎的调味食品）.  2 padding used to stuff cushions, etc （垫子等的）填料.  3 (idm 习语) knock the stuffing out of sb => knock2.
stuffy
/ 5stQfI; `stQfI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a room, etc) not having much fresh air （指房间等）通风不良的, 闷人的: a smoky, stuffy pub 烟雾弥漫、 空气污浊的酒馆.  2 (infml 口) (of a person or thing) formal and dull; prim; staid （指人或事物）一本正经的, 古板的, 拘谨的: a stuffy newspaper, club, legal practice 沉闷乏味的报纸、 俱乐部、 司法工作 * Only the stuffier members were shocked by her jokes. 只有那些脑筋旧的人才认为她说的笑话令人吃惊.  3 (infml 口) (of the nose) blocked so that breathing is difficult; stuffed up （指鼻子）不通的, 堵塞的. 
stuffily 
/ -IlI; -ElI/ adv. 
stuffiness 
n [U].
stultify
/ 5stQltIfaI; `stQltE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml 文)  1 cause (sth) to be ineffective or seem absurd; negate 使（某事物）不起作用或显得荒谬; 使无效: Their unhelpfulness has stultified our efforts to improve things. 他们不管事, 我们为改进工作的用心也就白费了.  2 cause (sb) to feel dull, bored, etc 使（某人）感觉迟钝、 厌烦等: the stultifying effect of work that never varies 毫无变化的工作使人产生的厌倦感. 
stultification
/ 9stQltIfI5keIFn; 9stQltEfE`keFEn/ n [U].
stumble
/ 5stQmbl; `stQmbl/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (over sth) strike one's foot against sth and almost fall 绊脚: stumble and fall 绊倒 * I stumbled over a tree root. 树根绊了我的脚.  2 ~ (over sth); ~ through sth make a mistake or mistakes as one speaks, plays music, etc （说话、 演奏等）出错: She stumbled briefly (over the unfamiliar word) but then continued. 她（碰到不认识的字）愣了一下, 接著又往下念. * The child stumbled through a piece by Chopin. 那孩子演奏萧邦的曲子很不流畅.  3 (phr v) stumble about, along, around, etc move or walk unsteadily (in the specified direction) （朝某方向）摇摇晃晃地移动或步履蹒跚: A drunk stumbled past us. 有个喝醉的人跌跌撞撞地从我们身边走过. * stumbling around in the dark 在黑暗中瞎闯. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. stumble across/on sb/sth find sb/sth unexpectedly or by chance 意外地或偶然地发现某人[某事物]: Police investigating tax fraud stumbledacross a drugs ring. 警方在调查瞒税案件时意外地发现了一个贩毒集团.
stumble 
n act of stumbling 绊脚; 出错.
stumbling-block 
n thing that causes difficulty or hesitation; obstacle 造成困难或引起疑虑的事物; 障碍物; 绊脚石: The failure to agree on manning levels is a major stumbling-block to progress in the talks. 人员配备情况未能达成协议是会谈进行中的主要障碍.
stump
/ stQmp; stQmp/ n  1 part of a tree left in the ground after the rest has fallen or been cut down 树桩; 树墩.  2 (a) anything similar that remains after the main part has been cut or broken off, or worn down 残余部分; 残段; 残根: the stump of a pencil, cigar, tooth 铅笔头、 雪茄烟蒂、 牙的残根. (b) remaining part of an amputated limb 残肢.  3 (in cricket) any of the three short upright poles at which the ball is bowled （板球）三柱门的一柱: the leg/middle/off stump 三柱门的尾[中/头]柱. =>illus at cricket 见 cricket 插图.  4 (idm 习语) draw stumps => draw2. stir one's stumps => stir1.
stump 
v  1 [Ipr, Ip] walk stiffly or noisily 僵直地行走; 跺步而行: They stumped up the hill. 他们举步困难地登上这座山. * He stumped out in fury. 他怒气冲冲地跺脚往外走. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) be too difficult for (sb); puzzle 把（某人）难住; 使为难: I'm stumped: I just don't know what to do. 我很为难, 简直不知如何是好. * Everybody was stumped by the problem. 大家都被这个问题难住了.  3 [Tn] (esp US) go around (a region) making political speeches, eg before an election 在（某地区）作政治性巡回演说（如在选举前）.  4 [Tn] (of a wicket-keeper in cricket) end the innings of (a batsman) by touching the stumps with the ball while he is out of his crease(3) （指板球赛的守门员）以球触三柱门的柱使（击球员）出局.  5 (phr v) stump up (sth) (for sth) (infml 口) pay (a sum of money) 付出（一笔钱）: I'm always being asked to stump up (extra cash) for school outings. 总是要求我为学校郊游付（额外的）钱.
stump
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Stump, stomp, plod, trudge and tramp all indicate styles of walking with heavy steps. *stump、 stomp、 plod、 trudge、 tramp 均指落脚很重的步行方式. Stump and stomp can both suggest making a noise while walking in order to show anger *stump和stomp二者均可含有跺脚行走之意, 表示气愤: He slammed the door and stumped/stomped upstairs. 他砰的一声把门关上, 　　地上楼去了. Additionally, stump can indicate walking with stiff legs 此外, stump还可指两腿发僵地行走: stumping up the garden path 两腿发僵在花园小道上走著. Stomp can suggest clumsy and noisy walking or dancing *stomp可指行走或跳舞时笨拙或发出响声: He looked funny stomping round the dance floor. 他在舞池里跺著舞步, 样子很可笑. Plod and trudge indicate a slow, weary walk towards a particular destination. *plod 和 trudge 指以缓慢、 疲倦的步子向目的地走去. Plod suggests a steady pace and trudge suggests greater effort *plod有稳步行进之意, trudge指举步更为艰难: They had to plod wearily on up the hill. 他们不得不迈著疲倦的步子登上山. *  We trudged home through deep snow. 我们踏著很深的积雪, 吃力地走回家. Tramp indicates walking over long distances, possibly with no specified destination *tramp指走长路, 可能并无确定目的地: They tramped the streets, looking for somewhere to stay the night. 他们在街头游荡, 寻找过夜的地方.
stumpy
/ 5stQmpI; `stQmpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) short and thick 短而粗的: a stumpy little man 敦实的男子 * stumpy legs 短而粗的腿. 
stumpiness 
n [U].
stun
/ stQn; stQn/ v  1 [Tn] (-nn-) make (a person or an animal) unconscious by a blow, esp to the head 将（人或动物）打昏（尤指打击头部）: The punch stunned me for a moment. 那一拳把我打得昏了一阵. * She sat stunned for a while, until she recovered. 她一时昏迷, 坐下呆了一会才醒过来.  2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] daze or shock (sb), eg with sth unexpected 使（某人）目瞪口呆或感到震惊: I was stunned by the news of his death. 我得知他的死讯十分震惊. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] impress(sb) greatly 给（某人）以深刻的印象: stunned by her beauty, cleverness, etc 赞叹她美丽、 聪明等.
stunner 
n (infml 口) person, esp a woman, who is very attractive 极有魅力的人（尤指女子）.
stunning 
adj (infml 口) (a) impressive; splendid 了不起的; 出色的: You look stunning in your new suit. 你穿著这套新衣服真漂亮. * What a stunning idea! 多好的主意呀! (b) surprising or shocking 令人惊奇的; 令人震惊的: a stunning revelation 惊人的新发现. 
stunningly 
adv.
stung
pt, pp of sting2.
stunk
pp of stink1.
stunt
/ stQnt; stQnt/ n (infml 口) (a) thing done to attract attention 引人注意的举动: a publicity stunt 宣传噱头 * pull (ie perform) a stunt 做惊人之举. (b) dangerous or difficult thing done as entertainment 特技表演: Her latest stunt is riding a motor cycle through a ring of flames. 她的最新特技表演是骑摩托车钻火圈. * [attrib 作定语] stunt flying, ie aerobatics 特技飞行.
stunt man (fem 阴性作 `stunt woman) 
person who does dangerous stunts in place of an actor in a film, etc （电影等中代替演员做危险动作的）替身演员.
stunt
/ stQnt; stQnt/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] prevent (sth/sb) from growing or developing properly 阻碍（某事物[某人]）的正常生长或发展: stunted trees 生长受到阻碍的矮小树木 * Inadequate food can stunt a child's development. 食物不足能影响儿童的发育.
stupefy
/ 5stju:pIfaI; ?@ 5stu:-; `stupE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth)  1 dull the mind or senses of (sb) 使（某人）神志不清或失去知觉: stupefied with drink 醉得迷迷糊糊 * (fig 比喻) the stupefying boredom of this repetitive work 这种重复性工作造成的昏沉乏味之感.  2 overcome (sb) with astonishment; amaze 使（某人）大为惊奇; 使目瞪口呆: I was stupefied by what I read. 我读到的内容把我惊呆了.
stupefaction 
/ 9stju:pI5fAkFn; ?@ 9stu:-; 9stupE`fAkFEn/ n [U] (fml 文) state of being stupefied 神志不清; 失去知觉; 大为惊奇; 目瞪口呆.
stupendous
/ stju:5pendEs; ?@ stu:-; stu`pZndEs/ adj amazingly large, impressive, good, etc 极大的; 极感人的; 极好的: a stupendous mistake, achievement 极大的错误、 成就 * The opera was quite stupendous! 这部歌剧很精彩! 
stupendously 
adv.
stupid
/ 5stju:pId; ?@ 5stu:; `stupId/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) slow to learn or understand things; not intelligent or clever 笨的; 头脑迟钝的: a stupid person, dog 笨人、 笨狗. (b) showing lack of good judgement; foolish 愚蠢的; 傻的: a stupid plan, idea, remark 愚蠢的计画、 想法、 言语 * What a stupid thing to do! 这事做得多蠢! (c) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used dismissively or to show irritation 用以表示轻蔑或气恼): I don't want to hear your stupid secret anyway! 我根本不想听你那无聊的秘密. * This stupid car won't start. 这辆破汽车就是发动不起来.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) in a stupor 昏迷; 不省人事: stupid with sleep 睡得头昏脑胀.
stupidity 
/ stju:5pIdEtI; ?@ stu:-; stu`pIdEtI/ n  1 [U] state of being stupid 笨; 愚蠢.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] stupid act, remark, etc 愚蠢的行为、 言语等: the stupidities of schoolboy humour 男学童调皮的愚蠢言行.
stupidly 
adv.
stupor
/ 5stju:pE(r); ?@ 5stu:-; `stupL/ n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] condition of being dazed or nearly unconscious caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc （震惊、 药物、 酒精等造成的）昏迷, 不省人事, 神志不清: in a drunken stupor 醉得昏迷不醒.
sturdy
/ 5st\:dI; `st[dI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) strong and solid 强壮的; 结实的: a sturdy chair, structure, car 结实的椅子、 结构、 汽车. (b) fit and healthy 强健的; 健壮的: a sturdy child, constitution 健康的孩子、 体格.  2 determined; firm; sound 坚决的; 坚强的; 坚定的; 健全的: sturdy resistance to the plan 对该计画的坚决抵制 * sturdy common sense 扎实的常识. 
sturdily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv: a sturdily built bicycle, man 结构结实的自行车、 体格强健的人. 
sturdiness 
n [U].
sturgeon
/ 5st\:dVEn; `st[dVEn/ n any of various types of large fish eaten as food, and from which caviare is obtained 鲟（体大, 可食用, 卵可制鱼子酱）.
stutter
/ 5stQtE(r); `stQtL/ v [I, Tn, Tn.p] = stammer.
stutterer 
/ 5stQtErE(r); `stQtErL/ n person who stutters 口吃的人; 说话结巴的人.
stutteringly 
/ 5stQtErINlI; `stQtErINlI/ adv.
sty
/ staI; staI/ n = pigsty (pig).
sty (also stye) 
/ staI; staI/ n (pl sties or styes) inflamed swelling on the edge of the eyelid 睑腺炎; 麦粒肿.
Stygian
/ 5stIdVIEn; `stIdVIEn/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语](fml 文) very dark; gloomy 黑森森的; 阴森的: the Stygianblackness of the night 漆黑的夜晚.
style
/ staIl; staIl/ n  1 [C, U] (a) manner of writing or speaking, esp contrasted with what is actually written or said （语言或文字的）风格, 文风, 文体: She's a very popular writer but I just don't like her style. 她是很受欢迎的作家, 但我就是不喜欢她的文风. * write in housestyle, ie following the manner of spelling and punctuation,etc used by a particular publishing company 按出版社要求的格式写作（符合某出版社在拼写法及标点符号等方面的要求） * a style of speech-making that is easy to listen to 通俗易懂的演讲方式. (b) manner that is typical of a particular writer, artist, etc or of a particular literary, artistic, etc period （某作家、 艺术家或某文艺时期的）独特风格: a poem in classical style 古典风格的诗歌 * a building in Gothic, Romanesque, Tudor, etc style 歌特、 罗马、 都铎...式建筑物 * the architectural styles of ancient Greece 古希腊的建筑风格.  2 [C, U] manner of doing anything 行为方式; 作风: a typically British style of living 典型的英国生活方式 * a very unusual style of swimming 非常独特的游泳姿式 * American-style hamburgers 美式汉堡包 * I like your style, ie the way you do things. 我喜欢你做事的方法.  3 [U] superior or fashionable quality of sb or sth; distinctiveness 风度; 格调; 气派: She performs the songs with style and flair. 她演唱歌曲既有风度又有才华. * The piano gives the room a touch of style. 这架钢琴把房间衬托得很有气派.  4 (a) [C, U] fashion in dress, etc （服装等的）款式, 流行式样: the latest styles in trousers, hats, shoes, etc 裤子、 帽子、 鞋等的最新式样 * have a good sense of style 很有格调. (b) [C] way in which sth is made, shaped, etc; design; type 样式; 花样; 型式: a very short hair-style 很短的发型 * We have vases in various styles. 我们有各种各样的花瓶.  5 [C] (fml 文) correct title for use when addressing sb 称谓; 称号: Has he any right to use the style of Colonel? 他有资格使用上校头衔吗?  6 [C] (botany 植) narrow extension of the seed-bearing part of a plant （植物的）花柱.  7 (idm 习语) cramp sb's style => cramp2.in (great, grand, etc) style in a grand or elegant way 有气派（的）; 有风度（的）: dine in style 很高雅地进餐 * We arrived in fine style in a hired limousine. 我们很气派地乘坐出租的豪华汽车到达那里. (not/more) sb's style what sb likes （非[较合乎]）某人之所好: Big cars are not my style. 我不喜欢大的汽车. * I don't like opera; chamber music is more my style. 我不爱看歌剧, 喜欢听室内乐.
style 
v  1 [Tn, Cn.a] design, shape or make (sth) in a particular (esp fashionable) style 将（某物）设计、 塑 造或制作成某种（尤指时新的）式样: style sb's hair (shorter) 给某人设计（短）发型.  2 [Tn, Cn.n] (fml 文) give a style(5) to (sb/oneself) 以某称号称呼（某人[自己]）: How should we style her? 我们应该怎样称呼她呢? * Should he be styled `Mr' or `Reverend'? 应该称呼他｀先生＇还是｀牧师＇?
styling 
n [U] way in which sth is styled 款式; 式样: the car's brand-new styling 汽车的全新款式.
stylish 
adj having style(3); fashionable 有风度的; 有气派的; 有格调的: stylish clothes, furniture 时髦的服装、 家具 * a stylish skier, dancer, etc 风度翩翩的滑雪的人、 跳舞的人等. 
stylishly 
adv: stylishly dressed 穿著入时的. 
stylishness 
n [U].
stylization, stylisation
/ 9staIlaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9staIlE`zeFEn/ n [U].
stylized, stylised 
adj treated in a fixed conventional style 按固定的传统风格处理的: the highly stylized form of acting in Japanese theatre 日本戏剧中高度程式化的表演.
stylist
/ 5staIlIst; `staIlIst/ n  1 person, esp a writer, who has or tries to have a good or distinctive style 具有或追求优美或独特风格的人（尤指作家）.  2 person who styles (style v 1) things, eg clothes, hair 设计或制作时新款式或花样的人（如服装设计师、 发型师）: a hair-stylist 发型师.
stylistic 
/ staI5lIstIk; staI`lIstIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or concerning literary or artistic style （文学或艺术）风格上的, 与风格有关的: make a stylistic comparison of the two paintings 对两幅画的风格进行比较. 
stylistically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv. stylistics n [sing v] study of the style of spoken or written language and how it is used to create certain effects 风格学（对口语或书面语的风格及其运用技巧的研究）.
stylus
/ 5staIlEs; `staIlEs/ n  1 sharp needle tipped with diamond or sapphire, used to reproduce sound by resting in the groove of a record as it turns on a record-player （唱机的）宝石唱针.  2 (esp in ancient times) pointed tool for drawing or writing （尤指古代的）尖笔.
stymie
/ 5staImI; `staImI/ n  1 (in golf) situation on the green in which an opponent's ball is between one's own ball and the hole （高尔夫球）妨碍球, 阻碍球（自己的球与球穴之间有对方的球）.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) awkward or difficult situation 尴尬或困难的处境.
stymie 
v (pt, pp stymied, pres p stymieing)  1 [Tn] (in golf) put (sb, sb's ball or oneself) in a stymie （高尔夫球）使（某人、 某人的球或自己）受对方球之阻碍.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig infml 比喻, 口) prevent (sb) from doing sth; obstruct 妨碍（某人）做某事; 阻碍: I was completely stymied by her refusal to help. 由於她拒不相助, 我完全陷入了困境.
styptic
/ 5stIptIk; `stIptIk/ n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (substance) checking the flow of blood 止血的; 止血剂: a styptic pencil, ie a stick of this, used eg on a cut made while shaving 止血笔（用止血剂制成的药棒, 如用於刮脸时划破之处）.
suave
/ swB:v; swBv/ adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (usu of a man) having self-confidence and smooth sophisticated manners （通常指男子）自信而老於世故的. 
suavely 
adv. 
suaveness, suavity 
/ -EtI; -EtI/ ns [U].
sub
/ sQb; sQb/ n (infml 口)  1 submarine 潜水艇.  2 substitute, esp in football or cricket 代用品; 代替者; （尤指）（足球或板球）替补队员.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) subscription to a club, etc （向俱乐部等交纳的）会员费.  4 sub-editor 审校员; 助理编辑.
sub
/ sQb; sQb/ v (-bb-) (infml 口)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act as a substitute 代替; 作替身; 作替补队员: I had to sub for the referee, who was sick. 裁判病了, 我得代为裁判.  2 [I, Tn] sub-edit (sth) 审校（文稿）; 以助理编辑的身分编辑（稿件）: subbing on a local newspaper 审校某份地方报纸.
sub-
pref 前缀  1 (with ns and adjs 与名词和形容词结合) under; below 在...之下; 低於...: subway * subsoil * submarine.  2 (with ns 与名词结合) lower in rank; inferior 级别较低的; 次於...的: sub-lieutenant * subspecies.3 (with adjs 与形容词结合) not quite; almost 不完全的; 近似的: subnormal * subtropical * substandard.  4 (with vs and ns 与动词和名词结合) (form a) smaller or less important part of （形成）...之较小的或次要的部分: subdivide * subcommittee * subset. Cf 参看 under-.
sub judice
/ 9sQb 5dVu:dIsI; sQb`dVudIsI/ (Latin 拉) (of a legal case) still being considered by a lawcourt (and therefore, in the UK, not to be commented on in a newspaper, etc) （指案件）正在审理（因此, 在英国, 不得在报刊等上发表评论）.
sub-edit
/ sQb5edIt; sQb`ZdIt/ v [Tn]  1 check andcorrect (the text of a book, newspaper, etc) before it is printed 审校（稿件等）.  2 act as an assistant editor of (a newspaper, etc) 当（某报等）的助理编辑. 
sub-editor 
n.
sub-lieutenant
/ 9sQblef5tenEnt; ?@ -lu:5t-; 9sQblu`tZnEnt/ n naval officer next in rank below a lieutenant 海军中尉.
sub-machine-gun
/ sQbmE5Fi:ngQn; 9sQbmE`Fin9^Qn/ n lightweight machine-gun held in the hand for firing 冲锋枪; 手提轻机枪. =>illus at gun 见 gun 插图.
sub-plot
/ 5sQbplCt; `sQb9plBt/ n plot of a play, novel, etc that is separate from but linked to the main plot （戏剧、 小说等的）次要情节, 从属情节.
subaltern
/ 5sQbltEn; ?@ sE5bR:ltErn; sEb`RltLn/ n (Brit) any officer in the army below the rank of captain 陆军中低於上尉的军官; 陆军中尉或少尉.
subarctic
/ 9sQb5B:ktIk; 9sQb`BrktIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of regions near the Arctic Circle 亚北极区的:,subarctic con`ditions, `temperatures 亚北极的环境、 温度. Cf 参看 subtropical.
subatomic
/ 9sQbE5tCmIk; 9sQbE`tBmIk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or concerning particles that are smaller than atoms or occur in atoms 亚原子的; 与亚原子有关的; 原子内的: subatomic theory, research 亚原子理论、 研究.
subcommittee
/ 5sQbkEmItI; `sQbkE9mItI/ n committee formed for a special purpose from members of a main committee （由大委员会的委员组成的）小组委员会.
subconscious
/ 9sQb5kCnFEs; sQb`kBnFEs/ adj of or concerning the thoughts, instincts, fears, etc in the mind, of which one is not fully aware but which influence one's actions 下意识的; 潜意识的: the subconscious self 潜意识的自我 * subconscious urges 下意识的冲动. Cf 参看 unconscious.  the/one's subconscious n [sing] these thoughts, instincts, fears, etc 下意识; 潜意识.
subconsciously 
adv: I suppose that, subconsciously, I was reacting against my unhappy childhood. 我认为我那是下意识地对我童年不幸的反动.
subcontinent
/ 9sQb5kCntInEnt; sQb`kBntEnEnt/ n large land mass that forms part of a continent 次大陆: the Indian subcontinent 印度次大陆.
subcontract
/ 5sQbkCntrAkt; sQb`kBntrAkt/ n contract to carry out a part or all of an existing contract 分包合同; 转包契约.
subcontract 
/ 9sQbkEn5trAkt; ?@ -5kCntrAkt; 9sQb`kBn-9trAkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (a job of work) to sb as a subcontract 将（工作任务）分包或转包给某人: subcontract the installation of the shower to a plumber 把安装淋浴器的工作分包给水暖工.
subcontractor
/ 9sQbkEn5trktE(r); US - 5kCntrAk-; 9sQb`kBn9trAktL/ n person, company, etc that accepts and carries out a subcontract 分包人; 分包公司.
subculture
/ 5sQbkQltFE(r); `sQb9kQltFL/ n behaviour, practices, etc associated with a group within a society 亚文化（模式）（某社会内部一群体的行为、 习俗等）: the teenage subculture 青少年的亚文化模式.
subcutaneous
/ 9sQbkju:5teInIEs; 9sQbkju`tenIEs/ adj [usuattrib 通常作定语] under the skin 皮下的: subcutaneous fat 皮下脂肪 * a subcutaneous injection 皮下注射. 
subcutaneously 
adv.
subdivide
/ 9sQbdI5vaId; 9sQbdE`vaId/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) be divided again into smaller divisions （将某物）进一步分成较小的部分: Part of the building has been subdivided into offices. 这座大楼的一部分隔开用作办公室了.
subdivision 
/ 9sQbdI5vIVn; 9sQbdE`vIVEn/ n  1 [U] action or process of subdividing 进一步细分.  2 [C] thing produced by subdividing 进一步分成的部分: a subdivision of a postal area 邮区属下的分区 * This division of the chapter has several subdivisions. 该章这一节里又分成几个小节.
subdue
/ sEb5dju:; ?@ -5du:; sEb`du/ v [Tn]  1 bring (sb/sth) under control by force; defeat 征服, 制伏（某人[某事物]）; 击败: subdue the rebels 镇压反叛者.  2 calm (esp one's emotions) 克制（尤指情绪）: He managed to subdue his mounting anger. 他极力克制郁积在心中的怒气.
subdued 
/ sEb5dju:d; ?@ -5du:d; sEb`dud/ adj  1 not very loud, intense, noticeable, etc 不太响亮、 强烈、 显著等的; 缓和的; 有节制的: a subdued conversation 细声的交谈 * subdued lighting 柔和的灯光 * a note of subdued excitement in her voice 她声音中流露出克制的兴奋之情.  2 not showing much excitement, interest, etc 不大兴奋、 不甚感兴趣等的: You're very subdued. What's wrong? 你情绪很消沉. 怎麽了?
subheading
/ 5sQbhedIN; `sQb9hZdIN/ n heading over part of an article, etc, eg in a newspaper 副标题; 小标题.
subject
/ 5sQbdVIkt; `sQbdVIkt/ n  1 (a) person or thingthat is being discussed or described (in speech or writing),or represented, eg in a painting; topic; theme 主题; 对象: an interesting subject of conversation 有趣的话题 * choose a subject for a poem, a picture, an essay, etc 确定诗、 画、 文章等的主题 * (fml 文) What did she say on the subject of (ie about) money? 在钱的问题上她是怎麽说的? (b) branch of knowledge studied in a school, etc 学科; 科目: Physics and maths are my favourite subjects. 物理和数学都是我喜欢的科目.  2 person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on 以某种方式处理或实验的人或事物: We need some male subjects for a psychology experiment. 我们需要几个男子作心理学实验对象.  3 ~ for sth person or thing that causes a specified feeling or action 引起某种情感或行为的人或事物: a subject for pity, ridicule, congratulation 怜悯、 取笑、 祝贺的对象 * His appearance was the subject for some critical comment. 他的外表受到一些人的议论.  4 (grammar) (a) word(s) in a sentence naming who or what does or undergoes the action stated by the verb, eg the book in The book fell off the table 主语（动作的主体, 如在The book fell off the table一句中, the book是主语）. Cf 参看 object1 5. (b) word(s) in a sentence about which sth is stated, eg the house in The house is old 主语（句子中陈述的对象, 如在The house is old一句中, the house是主语）. Cf 参看 predicate1.  5 any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler 臣民; 国民: I am French by birth and a British subject by marriage. 我按出生是法国人, 因结婚而成为英国公民. =>Usage at citizen 用法见citizen.  6 (music 音) theme on which a piece of music is based 主题; 主旋律.  7 (idm 习语) change the subject => change1.
subject-matter 
n [U] content of a book, speech, etc, esp as contrasted with the style （书、 讲话等的）内容, 题材（尤与体裁相对）: Although the subject-matter (of her talk) was rather dull her witty delivery kept the audience interested. 尽管（她讲的）内容有些枯燥, 但由於她善於表达, 大家仍听得津津有味.
subject
/ sEb5dVekt; sEb`dVZkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) bring (a country, etc or a person) under one's control 使（国家等或人）臣服或顺从; 征服; 制伏: Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe (to its rule). 古罗马帝国征服了欧洲大部分.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth cause sb/sth to experience or undergo sth 使某人[某物]经历或遭受某事物: subject sb to criticism, ridicule, abuse, etc 使某人遭批评、 取笑、 辱骂等 * She was repeatedly subjected to torture. 她不断地受到折磨. * As a test the metal was subjected to great heat. 这种金属经过了高温试验.
subjection 
/ sEb5dVekFn; sEb`dVZkFEn/ n [U] subjecting or being subjected 征服; 制伏; 臣服; 顺从: the country's subjection of its neighbour 该国对邻国的征服 * The people were kept in subjection. 这个民族已沦为附庸.
subject
/ 5sQbdVIkt; `sQbdVIkt/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] under the control of sb else; not politically independent 受人支配的; 政治上不独立的: a subject province 属地 * subject peoples 被统治的民族.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/sb obliged to obey sth/sb; under the authority of sth/sb 须服从某事物[某人]; 受某事物[某人]支配: We are subject to the law of the land. 我们须遵守当地的法律. * Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner.农民过去受地主的压迫.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth often having, suffering or undergoing sth; liable to sth 常有、 常患或常遭某事物; 倾向某事物: Are you subject to colds? 你常患感冒吗? * Trains are subject to delay(s) after the heavy snowfalls. 一下大雪火车就往往误点. * The timetable is subject to alteration. 时刻表有可能更改.  4 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth depending on sth as a condition 以某事物为条件; 取决於某事物: sold subject to contract, ie provided that a contract is signed 依照合同出售 * The plan is subject to the director's approval. 该计画须经主管批准.
subjective
/ sEb5dVektIv; sEb`dVZktIv/ adj  1 (of ideas, feelings, etc) existing in the mind and not produced by things outside the mind （指思想、 感情等）主观的（属於自我意识方面的）: a subjective impression, sensation, etc 主观印象、 感觉等 * Our perception of things is often influenced by subjective factors, such as tiredness. 我们对事物的感知能力常受到主观因素（如疲劳）的影响.  2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) based on personal taste, views, etc 主观的（以个人之好恶、 观点等为依据的）: a very subjective judgement of the play 对该剧极其主观的评判 * A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观. Cf 参看 objective.
subjectively 
adv in a subjective way 主观地: Don't judge her work too subjectively. 评论她的作品不要过於主观.
subjectivity 
/ 9sQbdVek5tIvEtI; 9sQbdVZk`tIvEtI/ n [U].
subjoin
/ 9sQb5dVRIn; sQb`dVRIn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) add sth to the end of sth （在末尾）增补或添加某事物: subjoin a postscript to a letter 在信末加一附笔.
subjugate
/ 5sQbdVUgeIt; `sQbdVE9^et/ v [Tn] gain control of (a country, etc); subdue; conquer 征服（某国家等）; 制伏; 降伏. 
subjugation 
/ 9sQbdVU5geIFn; 9sQbdVE`^eFEn/ n [U].
subjunctive
/ sEb5dVQNktIv; sEb`dVQNktIv/ adj (grammar) of the special form of a verb that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc （动词）虚拟式的, 虚拟语气的: In the phrase `if I were you', `were' is subjunctive. 在if I were you这一短语中, were是虚拟式的. Cf 参看 imperative 3, indicative.
subjunctive 
n (grammar)  1 the subjunctive [U]the whole group of subjunctive verb-forms; the subjunctivemood 虚拟式; 虚拟语气: In `I wish you were here', `were' is in the subjunctive. 在I wish you were here一句中, were表达的是虚拟语气.  2 [C] subjunctive verb 虚拟式动词.
sublease
/ 9sQb5li:s; sQb`lis/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) lease (a house, land, etc leased to oneself) to another person; sublet sth 将（房屋、 土地等）转租或分租给他人; 转租或分租某物: The company subleases flats to students. 公司把公寓分租给大学生.
sublease 
n lease of this kind （房屋、 土地等的）转租, 分租.
sublet
/ 9sQb5let; sQb`lZt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp sublet) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) rent (a house, flat, etc of which one is the tenant, or part of it) to sb else 将（房屋、 其中部分等）转租或分租给他人: sublet a room to a friend 把一个房间转租给朋友.
sublimate
/ 5sQblImeIt; `sQblE9met/ v [Tn]  1 (psychology 心) express (instinctual urges, esp sexual ones) in more socially acceptable ways 以较符合社会准则的方式表现（本能的冲动, 尤指性欲）; 使升华: sublimating one's sex drive by working hard 把性的冲动转化成努力工作.  2 (chemistry 化) convert (a substance) from the solid state to vapour by heating it, then allowing it to cool and become solid again, in order to purify it 使（某物质）升华.
sublimate 
n substance purified by sublimating (sublimate2) 升华物.
sublimation 
/ 9sQblI5meIFn; 9sQblE`meFEn/ n [U].
sublime
/ sE5blaIm; sE`blaIm/ adj  1 of the greatest, most admirable kind; causing awe and reverence 伟大的;崇高的; 令人赞叹的; 令人崇敬的: sublime heroism, beauty, scenery 令人叹为观止的英雄行为、 美丽、 景色 * her sublime devotion to the cause 她献身於事业的崇高精神 * (infml 口) The food was absolutely sublime. 这吃的东西棒极了.  2 [attrib 作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) extreme; suggesting a person who is not afraid of the consequences of his actions 极端的; 不顾後果的: sublime conceit, indifference, impudence 极其骄横、 冷淡、 无耻 * She approached the angry crowd with a sublime lack of concern for her own safety. 她完全不顾自己的安全走近愤怒的人群.  3 (idm 习语) from the sublime to the ridiculous from sth great, admirable, etc to sth trivial, absurd, etc 由极好转到极无聊的事物上: Interrupting an opera on television for a pet-food commercial is going from the sublime to the ridiculous. 在电视播演歌剧时插播宠物食品广告真是煞风景. 
sublimely 
adv: play the piano sublimely 钢琴弹得棒极了 * She was sublimely unaware of how foolish she looked. 她根本不知道她的样子多愚蠢. 
sublimity
/ sE5blImEtI; sE`blImEtI/ n [U].
subliminal
/ 9sQb5lImInl; sQb`lImEnl/ adj being perceivedor affecting the mind without one being aware of it 下意识的; 潜意识的: the subliminal message of the text, ie one not explicitly stated 文中的言外之意 * subliminal advertising, eg by means of an image flashed onto a screen so briefly that it is noted only by the subconscious mind 潜意识广告（如影像在屏幕上一闪而过, 在观众潜意识中留下印象）.
submarine
/ 9sQbmE5ri:n; ?@ 5sQbmEri:n; `sQbmE9rin/ n  1 naval vessel that can operate underwater as well as onthe surface 潜（水）艇: [attrib 作定语] a submarine officer,crew 潜艇军官、 全体官兵.  2 (also ,submarine `sandwich) (esp US) sandwich made from a long bread roll split lengthwise and filled with meat, cheese, salad, etc 潜艇三明治（长面包纵向切开, 夹肉、 乾酪、 色拉等）.
submarine 
adj [attrib 作定语] (existing or placed) under the surface of the sea （存在或置於）海面下的: submarine plants 海生植物 * submarine exploration 海中探测 * a submarine cable 海底电缆.
submariner 
/ sQb5mArInE(r); ?@ 5sQbmEri:nEr; `sQbmE9rinL/ n member of a submarine's crew 潜艇人员.
submerge
/ sEb5m\:dV; sEb`m[dV/ v  1 (a) [I] go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc 进入液面、 海面等的下面: The submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships. 该潜艇潜入水下以躲避敌舰. (b) [Tn] cause (sth) to go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc; cover with a liquid 使（某物）进入液面、 海面等之下; 淹没: a wall submerged by flood water 被洪水淹没的墙 * The child submerged all her toys in the bath. 那孩子把所有的玩具都泡在澡盆里.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) completely cover (sb/sth); overwhelm 完全覆盖（某人[某事物]）; 遮住: be submerged by paperwork 埋头於文牍工作 * The main argument was submerged in a mass of tedious detail. 大量单调乏味的细节掩盖了主要论点.
submerged 
adj under the surface of the sea, etc 在海面等的下面的: a partly-submerged wreck 部分淹没的遇难船的残骸.
submergence 
/ sEb5m\:dVEns; sEb`m[dVEns/, submersion / sEb5m\:Fn;  ?@ -m\:rVn; sEb`m[VEn/ ns [U].
submersible 
/ sEb5m\:sEbl; sEb`m[sEbl/ n, adj (ship or craft) that can be submerged 可潜入水中的（船只等）: exploring the sea bed in a submersible 乘潜水器探测海底.
submission
/ sEb5mIFn; sEb`mIFEn/ n ~ (to sb/sth)  1 [U] (a) acceptance of another`s power; submitting 归顺; 降服; 投降: submission to sb's will 屈从於某人的意志 * starve the city into submission, ie force it to submit by cutting off its food supplies 以饥饿迫使该城投降. (b) state in which one accepts the superior power of sb else 屈从; 服从; 顺从: During the occupation, we had to live in total submission (to the invader). 在沦陷时期, 我们得听凭（侵略者的）摆布. * parents who want children to show complete submission to their wishes 要孩子百依百顺的父母.  2 [C, U] (act of) presenting sth for consideration, a decision, etc 提交; 呈递: the submission of a claim, a petition, an appeal, etc 要求、 请愿书、 上诉书等的提交.  3 [C, U] (law 律) opinion or argument presented to a judge or jury 向法官或陪审团提出的意见或论据: In my submission, the witness is lying. 本人认为证人所言不实.
submissive
/ sEb5mIsIv; sEb`mIsIv/ adj willing to yield to the authority of others; obedient 服从的; 顺从的:a humble and submissive servant 恭顺的仆人. 
submissively 
adv. 
submissiveness 
n [U].
submit
/ sEb5mIt; sEb`mIt/ v (-tt-)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) 屈服或归顺於（某人[某事物]）; 服从, 顺从（某人[某事物]）: I refuse to submit. 我决不屈服. * submit to discipline, superior force, etc 遵守纪律、 慑服於优势兵力 * submit to the enemy, a tyrant, etc 向敌人投降、 向暴君低头.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give sth (to sb/sth) so that it may be considered, decided on, etc （向某人[某事物]）提交或呈递某事物（以供考虑、 裁决等）: submit an essay to one's tutor 向指导教师呈交论文 * submit plans to the council for approval 向委员会提交计画呈请批准 * submit an application, estimate, claim, etc 提出一项申请、 估价、 要求等.  3 [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (law 律) suggest (sth); argue 建议（某事物）; 认为: Counsel for the defence submitted that his client was clearly innocent. 被告的律师辩称其委托人显然是无辜的. * The case, I would submit, is not proven. 本人认为此案证据不足.
subnormal
/ 9sQb5nR:ml; sQb`nRrml/ adj  1 below normal; less than normal 低於正常的; 比正常少的: subnormal temperatures 低於正常的温度.  2 below the normal level of intelligence 智力低於正常标准的: a subnormal child 弱智儿童 * educationally subnormal 在教育方面认为智力低於正常标准的.
subnormal 
n (infml 口) subnormal(2) person 智力逊常者; 弱智者.
suborbital
/ 9sQb5R:bItl; sQb`RrbItl/ adj less than (or lasting less time than) one orbit of the earth, moon, etc （绕地球、 月球等）不满一周的, 不足一周之时间的, 亚轨道的: a suborbital space flight 亚轨道宇宙飞行.
subordinate
/ sE5bR:dInEt; ?@ -dEnEt; sE`bRrdnIt/ adj (a) ~ (to sb) lower in rank or position 级别或职位较低的; 下级的: He was always friendly to his subordinate officers. 他对下级官员一向和蔼可亲. (b) ~ (to sth) of less importance 次要的; 附属的: All the other issues are subordinate to this one. 所有问题都要以这一问题为依归.
subordinate 
n person who is subordinate tosb else 下级; 部属: the commanding officer and his subordinates 指挥官及其部下.
subordinate 
/ sE5bR:dIneIt; ?@ -dEneIt; sE`bRrdn9et/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) treat sth as of lesser importance (than sth else) 将某事物置於次要地位: In her book, she subordinates this issue to more generalproblems. 在她的书中, 她把这个问题处理得不如一般问题重要. 
subordination 
/ sE9bR:dI5neIFn; ?@ -dEn5eIFn; sE9bRrdn`eFEn/ n [U].
subordinate clause (also dependent `clause) 
(grammar) clause, usu introduced by a conjunction, that functions like a noun, adjective or adverb, eg when it rang in She answered the phone when it rang 从句, 从属分句（通常以连词引导, 其作用相当於名词、 形容词或副词, 如 She answered the phone when it rang 句中的 when it rang 即是）. Cf 参看 co-ordinate clause (co-ordinate1).
suborn
/ sE5bR:n; sE`bRrn/ v [Tn] (fml 文) use bribery or some other means to persuade (sb) to do sth illegal, esp tell lies in a court of law 以行贿或其他方法唆使（某人）做非法的事（尤指向法庭提供伪证）: suborn a witness 收买证人. 
subornation 
/ 9sQbR:5neIFn; 9sQbRr`neFEn/ n [U].
subpoena
/ sE5pi:nE; sE`pinE/ n (law 律) written order requiring a person to appear in a lawcourt （传唤出庭的）传票: serve a subpoena on a witness 向证人送达传票.
subpoena 
v [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] summon (sb) with a subpoena （用传票）传唤（某人）: subpoena a witness 传唤证人 * The court subpoenaed her (to appear) as a witness. 法庭传她（到庭）作证.
subroutine
/ 5sQbru:ti:n; 9sQbru`tin/ n (computing 计) self-contained section of a computer program for performing a specific task 子程序; 子例行程序.
subscribe
/ sEb5skraIb; sEb`skraIb/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (to sth) (agree to) contribute (a sum of money) 认捐, 捐助（一笔款项）: subscribe to a charity 向慈善机构捐款 * How much did you subscribe (to the disaster fund)? 你（向赈灾基金）捐了多少钱?  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (agree to) buy (a newspaper, periodical, etc) regularly over a period of time 订阅, 订购（报刊等）: The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe. 该杂志正大力发展新订户. * Which journal(s) do you subscribe to? 你订阅哪一种杂志?  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) sign (esp one's name) at the foot of a document （在文件下面）签名, （尤指）签字, 签署: subscribe one's name to a petition 在请愿书上签名 * subscribe a few remarks at the end of the essay 在论文後面签注意见.  4 (phr v) subscribe to sth (fml 文) agree with (an opinion, a theory, etc) 同意, 赞成（某观点、 理论等）: Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy? 你是否同意她对经济状况所持的悲观看法?
subscriber 
n  1 person who subscribes(1,2) 认捐者; 捐助者; 订阅者; 订购者.  2 person who rents a telephone （电话）用户.
subscription 
/ sEb5skrIpFn; sEb`skrIpFEn/ n  1 [U] subscribing or being subscribed 认捐; 捐助; 订阅; 订购; 签字; 签署: a monument paid for by public subscription 由各界捐款建立的纪念碑.  2 [C] (a) sum of money subscribed 捐款; 订阅费; 订购款; 认捐额; 认购额: a 5 subscription to charity 向慈善事业提供的5英镑的捐款. (b) fee for membership of a club, etc （俱乐部等的）会员费: renew one's annual subscription 继续缴纳年度会费.
subscriber trunk 
dialling (abbr 缩写 STD) system of making long distance calls in which the calleris automatically connected (instead of using an operator)用户长途电话直拨系统.
subscription concert 
concert where all tickets are paid for in advance 须预订票的音乐会.
subsection
/ 5sQbsekFn; `sQb9sZkFEn/ n part of a section, esp in legal documents, etc 分段; 小节; （尤指法律文书等的）分款, 分项: Please turn to section 5, subsection b. 请翻到第5款, b项.
subsequent
/ 5sQbsIkwEnt; `sQbsI9kwEnt/ adj [attrib 作定语] later; following 後来的; 随後的: Subsequent events proved me wrong. 後来发生的事证明我错了. * The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret. 第一次以及随後的各次访问均严守秘密.
subsequently 
adv afterwards 後来; 随後; 接著: They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们後来听说他已出国.
subsequent to 
prep (fml 文) following (sth); after 继（某事物）之後; 在...之後: Subsequent to its success as a play, it was made into a film. 该剧在舞台上获得成功之後, 又摄制成了电影. * He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery. 他供认抢劫银行案後, 又坦白了其他罪行.
subservient
/ sEb5s\:vIEnt; sEb`s[vIEnt/ adj ~ (to sb/sth)  1 (often derog 常作贬义) giving too much respect, obedience, etc; submissive 必恭必敬的; 低声下气的; 恭顺的: a subservient manner, attitude 低三下四的样子、 态度 * Are priests too subservient to their bishops? 牧师对主教是否过於恭顺?  2 less important; subordinate 次要的; 从属的: People should not be regarded as subservient to the economic system. 不应把人的因素看成是经济体制的附庸. 
subservience 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. 
subserviently 
adv.
subside
/ sEb5saId; sEb`saId/ v  1 [I] sink to a lower or to the normal level 下降至较低或正常水平: The flood waters gradually subsided. 洪水逐渐退去. * The boiling soup subsided when the pot was taken off the heat. 把锅从炉子上端开时, 汤就不再沸腾了.  2 [I] (of land) sink, eg because of mining operations underneath （指土地）下陷（如因在地下采矿）.  3 [I] (of buildings, etc) sink lower into the ground （指建筑物等）下陷: Weak foundations caused the house to subside. 由於地基不牢, 这所房子已下陷.  4 [I] become less violent, active, intense, etc 减弱; 减轻; 平静下来; 平息: The storm began to subside. 风暴渐渐平息了. * He waited until the applause had subsided. 他一直等到掌声平息下来, 才继续下去. * I took an aspirin and the pain gradually subsided. 我服用了阿斯匹林, 疼痛逐渐减轻.  5 [Ipr] (infml joc 口, 谑) let oneself drop into a chair, etc 一下子坐在椅子等上: subsiding onto the sofa/into an armchair 一屁股坐在长沙发[单座沙发]上.
subsidence 
/ sEb5saIdns, 5sQbsIdns; sEb`saIdns,`sQbsEdEns/ n  1 [U] process of subsiding (subside1) 下降; 回落; 回降: the gradual subsidence of the river 河水的逐渐回落.  2 [U, C] process or instance of subsiding (subside2, 3) （土地或建筑物等的）下陷: a building damaged by subsidence 因地基塌陷而毁坏的建筑物 * The railway line was closed because of (a) subsidence. 这条铁路因土地下陷而停止运营.
subsidiary
/ sEb5sIdIErI; ?@ -dIerI; sEb`sIdI9ZrI/ adj  1~ (to sth) connected to but smaller, of less importance,etc than sth else; subordinate 附属的; 从属的; 次要的: a subsidiary stream flowing into the main river 流入大河的支流 * The question of finance is subsidiary to the question of whether the project will be approved. 财务问题是这一项目是否获准的附带问题.  2 (of a business company) controlled by another （指业务机构）附属的, 附设的.
subsidiary 
n subsidiary thing, esp a business company 附属事物; （尤指）附属公司.
subsidy
/ 5sQbsIdI; `sQbsEdI/ n [C, U] money paid, esp by a government, to help an industry, to support the arts, to keep prices down, etc 补助金; （尤指政府为扶持工业、 资助艺术事业、 平抑物价等而发放的）津贴, 补贴: food subsidies, eg to reduce the price of basic foods 食品补贴（如用以降低基本食品的价格） * increase/reduce the level of subsidy, eg to the arts, farmers, etc 增加[减少]补贴（如对艺术界、 农民等的）.
subsidize, subsidise 
/ 5sQbsIdaIz; `sQbsE9daIz/ v [Tn] give a subsidy to (sth/sb) 给（某事物[某人]）津贴或补贴; 资助或补助（某人[某事物]）: subsidized industries 受资助的工业. 
subsidization, subsidisation 
/ 9sQbsIdaI5zeIFn; ?@ -dI5z-; 9sQbsEdE`zeFEn/ n [U].
subsist
/ sEb5sIst; sEb`sIst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml 文) (continue to) stay alive, esp with little food or money; exist （继续）存活, 活下去; （尤指藉微少的食物或金钱）维持生活; 生存: How do they manage to subsist (on such a low wage)? 他们（区区这点工资）怎样　口? * He subsisted mainly on vegetables and fruit. 他主要依靠蔬菜和水果维持生命.
subsistence 
/ -tEns; -tEns/ n [U] (means of) subsisting 存活; 生存; 生计; 维生之道: reduced to subsistence on bread and water 降到以面包和水维持生活 * [attrib 作定语] subsistence farming, ie farming that produces only enough crops for the farmer and his family to live on, leaving no surplus which could besold 自给农业（收成仅供自家食用, 无剩余出售者） * a subsistence wage, ie one that is only just enough to enable a worker to live 勉强糊口的工资.
subsistence crop 
crop grown to be eaten by the grower 自给作物（供种植者自身食用的）. Cf 参看 cash crop (cash).
subsistence level 
standard of living that is only just high enough to support life 勉强糊口的生活水平.
subsoil
/ 5sQbsRIl; `sQb9sRIl/ n [U] layer of soil lying immediately beneath the surface layer 底土（层）; 心土（层）. Cf 参看 topsoil (top1).
subsonic
/ 9sQb5sCnIk; 9sQb`sBnIk/ adj (flying at a speed) less than the speed of sound 亚音速（飞行）的: a subsonic speed, aircraft, flight 亚音速、 亚音速飞机、 亚音速飞行. Cf 参看 supersonic.
substance
/ 5sQbstEns; `sQbstEns/ n  1 [C] particular type of matter 物质: a poisonous substance like cyanide 类似氰化物的有毒物质 * a substance that will prevent rust 防　物质 * Water and ice are the same substance in different forms. 水和冰是同一物质的不同状态.  2 [U] (a) real matter (contrasted with sth only seen, heard or imagined) 实物（与仅能看到、 听到或想像之事物相对）: They maintained that ghosts had no substance. 他们认为鬼魂不是实物. (b) firmness; solidity 坚固; 结实: I like a meal that has some substance to it, ie has nourishing food in it. 我喜欢吃富於营养的饭菜. * (fig 比喻) an argument of little substance, eg lacking specific details, etc 内容贫乏的议论.  3 [U] most important or essential part of sth; essential meaning 基本部分; 实质部分; 主旨; 要义: the substance of the speech 讲话的要旨 * I agree with the substance of what you say/with what you say in substance, but differ on points of detail. 我同意 你讲话的基本内容, 不过在一些枝节问题上与你有分歧.  4 [U] (fml 文) money; property 金钱; 财物; 资产: a man/woman of substance, eg a property owner 有资产的男子[女子].
substandard
/ 9sQb5stAndEd; sQb`stAndLd/ adj below the usual or required standard 低於标准的; 不够标准的: substandard goods 不合格的货物 * She has written good essays before, but this one is substandard. 她以前写的文章不错, 但这一篇却不怎麽样.
substantial
/ sEb5stAnFl; sEb`stAnFEl/ adj  1 large in amount; considerable 数目大的; 可观的: a substantial improvement, decrease 相当大的改善、 缩减 * Her contribution to the discussion was substantial. 她在讨论中做了很多工作. * obtain a substantial loan 获得大笔贷款.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] solidly or strongly built or made 坚固的; 结实的: a substantial padlock, chair, wall 结实的挂锁、 椅子、 墙壁.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] owning much property; wealthy 有大量财产的; 富有的: a substantial business, company 殷实的商号、 公司 *substantial farmers 富有的农民.  4 [attrib 作定语] concerningthe most important part of sth; essential 实质的; 大体上的; 基本的: We are in substantial agreement. 我们的意见基本一致.  5 (fml 文) having physical existence, not merely seen or heard or imagined; real 实际存在的; 实物的; 真实的: Was it something substantial that you saw, or was it a ghost? 你见到的是实物, 还是鬼魂?
substantially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv  1 considerably; greatly 可观地; 大量地: substantially improved 大为改善 * They contributed substantially to our success. 他们对我们的成功做出了重大贡献.  2 concerning the substance(3) of sth; essentially 实质上; 大体上; 基本上: Your assessment is substantially correct. 你的估计基本正确.
substantiate
/ sEb5stAnFIeIt; sEb`stAnFI9et/ v [Tn] give facts to support (a claim, statement, etc); prove 用事实支持（某主张、 说法等）; 证明; 证实: Can you substantiate your accusations against him? 你指责他, 能提出事实根据吗? 
substantiation 
/ sEb9stnFI5eIFn; sEb9stAnFI`eFEn/ n.
substantive
/ 5sQbstEntIv; `sQbstEntIv/ adj (fml 文) genuine or actual; real 真的; 真实的; 实在的; 实际的: a discussion of substantive matters 对实际问题的讨论 * a guarantee of substantive progress 取得实质性进展的保证.
substantive 
n (dated 旧 grammar) noun 名词.
substantive
/ sEb5stAntIv; sEb`stAntIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of military rank) permanent; not temporary （指军衔）永久的, 非临时的: a substantive major 在编的少校.
substation
/ 5sQbsteIFn; `sQb9steFEn/ n place whichrelays electric current that has been generated elsewhere 变电所.
substitute
/ 5sQbstItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `sQbstE9tut/ n ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb or sth else 代替、 替换或代理的人或事物; 代替者; 代理人; 代用品: The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a substitute. 经理不能出席, 派了个副手代表他. * This type of vinyl is a poor substitute for leather. 这种乙烯基材料代替皮革十分勉强. * [attrib 作定语] a substitute player, horse, machine 替换的队员、 马、 机器.
substitute 
v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) put or use sb/sth as a substitute (for sb/sth else) 用某人[某事物]代替（另外的人[事物]）: The understudy was substituted when the leading actor fell ill. 主角演员患病, 由替角代替演出. * We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们这把破损的椅子得换个新的. (b) [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth act or serve as a substitute 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: Can you substitute for (ie go instead of) me at the meeting? 你代我去开会好吗? * Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这个食谱中, 可用蜂蜜代替食糖.
substitution 
/ 9sQbstI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:Fn; 9sQbstE`tuFEn/ n  1 [U] substituting or being substituted 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代.  2 [C] act of substituting 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: Two substitutions (ie of players) were made during the match. 在比赛中换了两次人.
substratum
/ 9sQb5strB:tEm; ?@ 5sQbstreItEm; `sQb9stretEm/ n (pl substrata / 9sQb5strB:tE; ?@ 5sQbstreItE;`sQb9stretE/)  1 level lying below another 下面的一层; 底层: a substratum of rock 底层岩石.  2 (fig 比喻) foundation; basis 基础; 根基: a substratum of truth in her story 她叙述中的事实根据.
substructure
/ 5sQbstrQktFE(r); `sQb9strQktFL/ n underlying or supporting structure; base or foundation 下部结构; 支撑结构; 基础; 根基. Cf 参看 superstructure 1.
subsume
/ sEb5sju:m; ?@ -5su:m; sEb`sum/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/under sth) (fml 文) include sth in a particular group, class, etc or under a rule 将某事物归入某类型、 类别等, 或纳入某规则中: This creature can be subsumed in the class of reptiles. 这种生物可以归入爬行动物一类.
subtenant
/ 5sQbtenEnt; `sQb9tZnEnt/ n person to whom a house, flat, etc (or part of it) is sublet by a tenant （房屋、 公寓等的）转租承租人. 
subtenancy 
/ -EnsI;-EnsI/ n [C, U].
subtend
/ sEb5tend; sEb`tZnd/ v [Tn] (geometry 几) (of a chord2(1) or the side of a triangle) be opposite to (an arc(1) or angle) （指弦或三角形之边）对向（某弧或角）: The chord AC subtends the arc ABC. The side XZ subtends the angle XYZ. AC 弦对向 ABC 弧. XZ 边对向 XYZ 角. =>illus 见插图.
subterfuge
/ 5sQbtEfju:dV; `sQbtL9fjudV/ n (a) [C] trick or excuse, esp one used to avoid difficulties, blame, failure, etc 诡计; 花招; （尤指）（逃避困难、 逃脱责备、 避免失败等的）手段, 遁辞: Her claim to be a journalist was simply a subterfuge to get into the theatre without paying. 她自称是记者, 这只是个看戏不买票的花招而已. (b) [U] such trickery 诡计; 花招: gain sth by subterfuge 施诡计获得某事物.
subterranean
/ 9sQbtE5reInIEn; 9sQbtE`renIEn/ adj underthe earth's surface; underground 地表下面的; 地下的: a subterranean passage, river, tunnel 地下通道、 河流、 隧道 * subterranean digging 在地下进行的采掘.
subtitle
/ 5sQbtaItl; `sQb9taItl/ n  1 secondary title of a book, etc 副标题; 小标题.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (esp cinema 尤用於电影) words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕.
subtitle 
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] give a subtitle or subtitles to (sth) 给（书等）加副标题或小标题; 给（影片等）加字幕: a book subtitled `A Study of Methodism' 以《循道宗教义研究》为副标题的书.
subtle
/ 5sQtl; `sQtl/ adj (-r, -st) (esp approv 尤作褒义)  1 not easy to detect or describe; fine; delicate 难以察觉或描述的; 细微的; 精细的: a subtle charm, flavour, style 难以形容的魅力、 滋味、 式样 * subtle humour 巧妙的幽默 * a subtle distinction 细微的差别 * paint in subtle shades of pink 粉红色度略微不同的颜料.  2 organized in a clever and complex way; ingenious; cunning 巧安排的; 巧妙的; 狡诈的: a subtle argument, design, strategy 巧妙的议论、 设计、 策略 * a subtle analysis of the problem 对该问题的精辟的分析.  3 able to see and describe fine and delicate differences; sensitive 敏锐的; 感觉灵敏的: a subtle observer, critic, analyst, etc 细心的观察者、 评论者、 分析者等 * She has a very subtle mind. 她头脑灵敏.
subtlety 
/ 5sQtltI; `sQtltI/ n  1 [U] quality of being subtle 细微; 精细; 巧妙; 灵巧; 诡诈; 敏锐.  2 [C] subtle distinction, etc 细微的差别等.
subtly 
/ 5sQtlI; `sQtlI/ adv.
subtopia
/ 9sQb5tEUpIE; sQb`topIE/ n [C, U] unattractive suburbs spreading out into the countryside 难看的郊区（尤指城郊住宅区）.
subtotal
/ 5sQbtEUtl; `sQb9totl/ n total of a set of figures that are part of a larger group of figures 部分合计数; 小计.
subtract
/ sEb5trAkt; sEb`trAkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take (a number or quantity) away from (another number, etc) 从（某数等）中减去（某数或量）: subtract 6 from 99 减 6 * 6 subtracted from 9 is 3, ie 9639 减 6 等於 3. Cf 参看 add, deduct.
subtraction 
/ sEb5trAkFn; sEb`trAkFEn/ n  1 [U] process of subtracting 减; 减法.  2 [C] act of subtracting 减; 减法: Two from five is a simple subtraction. 五减二是简单的减法.
subtropical
/ 9sQb5trCpIkl; sQb`trBpIkl/ adj of regions bordering on the tropics 亚热带的: ,subtropical `plants 亚热带植物 * a ,subtropical `climate 亚热带气候. Cf 参看 subarctic.
suburb
/ 5sQb\:b; `sQb[b/ n (esp residential) district outside the central part of a town or city （城镇的）郊区; （尤指）城郊住宅区: an industrial suburb 城郊工业区 * a suburb of Naples 那不勒斯市郊 * live in the suburbs, ie in such a district 住在市郊 * the inner/outer suburbs 近[远]郊 * a dormitory suburb, ie one from which people travel elsewhere to work 市内工作者的郊外住宅区.
suburban 
/ sE5b\:bEn; sE`b[bEn/ adj  1 of or in a suburb 城郊的; 在郊区的; 城郊住宅区的: a suburban street, shop, newspaper 郊区的街道、 商店、 报纸.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) limited in outlook; dull or ordinary 见闻不广的; 乏味的; 平淡无奇的: a rather suburban attitude to life 闭目塞听的生活态度.
suburbanite 
/ sE5b\:bEnaIt; sE`b[bE9naIt/ n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) person who lives in the suburbs 郊区居民.
Suburbia 
/ sE5b\:bIE; sE`b[bIE/ n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) (type of life lived by or attitudes held by people who live in the) suburbs 郊区; 郊区人的生活方式或处世态度.
subvention
/ sEb5venFn; sEb`vZnFEn/ n (fml 文) grant of money to support an industry, a theatre company, etc; subsidy （资助工业、 戏剧团体等的）补助金, 补贴, 津贴.
subversive
/ sEb5v\:sIv; sEb`v[sIv/ adj ~ (of sth) trying or likely to weaken or destroy a political system, an accepted belief, etc 为削弱或破坏某政治制度、 公认的信仰等的; 颠覆性的: subversive propaganda 颠覆性的宣传 * a subversive book, speaker, influence 具有煽动性的书、 演讲者、 影响 * Was her speech subversive (of law and order)? 她讲的话是否（对法治）是破坏性的?
subversive 
n subversive person 颠覆分子.
subversively 
adv.
subversiveness 
n [U].
subvert
/ sQb5v\:t; sQb`v[t/ v [Tn]  1 destroy the authority of (a political system, religious faith, etc) 颠覆, 破坏（政治制度、 宗教信仰等）: subvert the monarchy 推翻君主政体 * writings that subvert Christianity 攻击基督教教义的文字.  2 corrupt the morals or loyalty of (sb) 使（某人）道德败坏或不忠: a diplomat subverted by a foreign power 受外国势力影响而变节的外交官. 
subversion 
/ sEb5v\:Fn; ?@ -5v\:rVn; sEb`v[VEn/ n [U].
subway
/ 5sQbweI; `sQb9we/ n  1 underground pedestrian tunnel, esp one beneath a road or railway 地下人行道（尤指公路或铁路下的）: Use the subway to cross the road. 请用地下通道穿越马路. Cf 参看 underpass.  2 (US) underground railway in a city 市区地下铁道: travel by subway 乘地铁 * [attrib 作定语] a subway train, station 地铁列车、 地铁站. Cf 参看 underground2 n, tube 3, Metro.
subzero
/ 9sQb5zIErEU; sQb`zIro/ adj (of temperatures) below zero （指温度）零度以下的: the ,subzero `temperaturesof a Siberian winter 西伯利亚冬季的零下气温.
succeed
/ sEk5si:d; sEk`sid/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/doing sth) do what one is trying to do; achieve thedesired end 成功; 做成; 达到目的: The attack succeeded,and the fort was taken. 这次袭击成功, 拿下了堡垒. * She's absolutely determined to succeed (in life). 她决心要实现自己的（人生）目的. * (saying 谚) If at first you don't succeed, try, try again 若一次不成功, 要再接再厉. * (ironic 反语) I tried to clean the watch, but only succeeded in breaking it. 我想把手表弄乾净, 结果却弄坏了. Cf 参看 fail 1.  2 [Tn] come next after (sb/sth) and take his/its place 接替（某人[某事物]）; 继任: Who succeeded Churchill (as Prime Minister)? 继邱吉尔出任（首相）的是谁? * The silence was succeeded by the striking of a clock. 时钟鸣响声打破了寂静.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) gain the right to (a title, property, etc) when sb dies 继承（头衔、 财产等）: When the king died, his eldest son succeeded (to the throne). 国王死後, 其长子继位.4 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess (saying 谚) success often leads to further successes 一事成, 事事成: I won the essay prize, then was offered a scholarship: nothing succeeds like success! 我的作文得了奖, 接著就获得了奖学金, 真是一顺百顺!
success
/ sEk5ses; sEk`sZs/ n  1 [U] achievement of a desired end, or of fame, wealth or social position; succeeding 成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的: achieve great success in life 在人生道路上大有成就 * make a success of sth 某事取得成功 * The race ended in success for (ie was won by) the Irish horse. 比赛的结果是爱尔兰马获胜. * I haven't had much success in my applications for jobs. 我那些求职信都没怎麽达到目的.  2 [C] person or thing that succeeds 成功者; 达到目的的人或事物: He wasn't a success as a teacher. 他不是个好教师. * Of her plays, three were successes and one was a failure. 她的剧作有三部成功, 一部失败.  3 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess => succeed. a roaring success => roaring (roar). a suc`cess story person or thing that is very successful (esp unexpectedly or in the face of difficulties) 大获成功的人或事物（尤指意外地或面对困难时）: Her rapid rise to the top has been one of the film industry's most remarkable success stories. 她迅速走红是电影界最杰出的一个事例.
successful 
/ -fl; -fEl/ adj having success 获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的: a successful businesswoman,career, plan 获得成功的女商人、 事业、 计画 * My final attempt to fix it was successful. 我最後这次到底把它修好了. 
successfully 
/ -fElI; -fElI/ adv.
succession
/ sEk5seFn; sEk`sZFEn/ n  1 [C] number of things or people coming one after the other in time or order; series 一连串的事物; 接二连三的人; 一系列: a succession of wet days, defeats, poor leaders 一个接一个的阴雨天、 失败、 不称职的领导人.  2 [U] the coming of one thing or person after another in time or order 连续; 接连: the succession of the seasons 四季的交替.  3 [U] (right of) succeeding to a title, the throne, property, etc （头衔、 王位、 财产等的）继承（权）: Who is first in succession to the throne? 谁是王位的第一继承人?  4 (idm 习语) in suc`cession one after the other 连续（的）; 一个接一个（的）: three victories in (quick) succession 一连三次（迅速）获得的胜利.
successive
/ sEk5sesIv; sEk`sZsIv/ adj [attrib 作定语] coming one after the other in an unbroken series 连续不断的; 接连的; 一连串的: successive governments, victories, attempts 一个接一个的政府、 胜利、 尝试 * The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛. 
successively 
adv.
successor
/ sEk5sesE(r); sEk`sZsL/ n ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth) 接替的人或事物; 後继者; 继任者; 继承人: the successor to the throne 王位的继承人 * appoint a successor to the headmaster 任命继任校长 * This car is the successor to our popular hatchback model. 这种汽车是我厂著名的带上掀式斜背小轿车的换代产品. Cf 参看 predecessor.
succinct
/ sEk5sINkt; sEk`sINkt/ adj (approv 褒) expressed briefly and clearly; concise 简明的; 简洁的; 简要的: a succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要. 
succinctly 
adv. 
succinctness 
n [U].
succour (US succor) 
/ 5sQkE(r); `sQkL/ n [U] (fml 文) help given to sb in need or in danger 援助; 援救: bring succour to the sick and wounded 援救伤病员.
succour 
v [Tn] (fml 文) give such help to (sb) 援助或援救（某人）.
succubus
/ 5sQkjUbEs; `sQkjEbEs/ n (pl succubi / 5sQkjUbaI; `sQkjE9baI/) female demon said to have sexual intercourse with sleeping males 传说中与熟睡的男子性交的女妖. Cf 参看 incubus.
succulent
/ 5sQkjUlEnt; `sQkjElEnt/ adj  1 (approv 褒) (of fruit and meat) juicy and delicious （指水果及肉类）汁多味美的: a succulent steak, pear, etc 鲜美的牛排、 梨等.  2 (of plants) having leaves and stems that are thick and contain a lot of water （指植物）茎叶肥厚含水分多的, 肉质的.
succulence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U].
succulent 
n succulent plant, eg a cactus 肉质植物（如仙人掌）.
succumb
/ sE5kQm; sE`kQm/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) stop resisting (temptation, illness, attack, etc); yield 不再抵抗（诱惑、 疾病、 攻击等）; 屈从: The city succumbed after only a short siege. 该城受围困仅很短时间就不再抵抗了. * Several children have measles, and the others are bound to succumb (to it). 有几个孩子患了麻疹, 其他孩子也必然传染上. * The driver has succumbed to (ie died of) his injuries. 司机已受伤不治.
such
/ sQtF; sQtF/ det  1 (a) (referring back 用以复指前文) of the kind specified earlier 上述一类的; （像前面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链. 他想, 这样的首饰价值一定上千了. * He told them about the job he had left. Such information was just what they needed. 他告诉他们他刚辞去的工作的情况. 这些情况正是他们需要知道的. * I've been invited to an Asian wedding. What happens on such occasions? 我应邀参加亚洲人的婚礼. 这种婚礼是如何举行的? * He said he hadn't got time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间, 或是诸如此类的藉口. * This isn't the only story of starving children. Many such cases are reported every day. 这并非饥饿儿童的唯一事例, 很多类似报道无日无之. (b) ~ sth as/that... (referring forward 用以预指後文) of the specified kind 下述一类的; （像後面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before. 有的祸事, 像她的汽车被盗之类, 以前从未发生过. * Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌. * Such advice as (ie The little advice that) he was given proved almost worthless. 给他提的那类建议简直毫无价值. * The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 这个结系得那麽紧, 根本解不开.  2 ~ sth (as/that...) to the specified degree (of importance, worth, etc) （重要性、 价值等）达到（後面提及的）那种程度的: On an occasion such as this (ie as important as this) we are privileged to welcome... 在这样重要的场合, 我们有幸能欢迎... * He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative. 他很关心别人, 因而大家都把他当作亲人. * He's not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢. * It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这讲演枯燥无味, 听得我都睡著了. * I'm afraid I can't remember  it was such a long time ago. 很抱歉, 我想不起来了--那是很久以前的事了. * Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight. 电视的影响力就是这麽大, 可以让人转眼成名.  3 (as an intensifier 用以加强语气) so great; so very (much) 这麽大的; 这样（极其）: She's got such talent. 她有非凡的才能. * We're having such a wonderful time. 我们玩儿得真痛快. * Baby giraffes seem to have such long legs. 小长颈鹿的腿显得格外长. * I've had such a shock. 我震惊得不得了. * Why are you in such a hurry? 你为什麽这样匆忙?
such 
pron  1 person or thing of a specified kind 某类的人或事物. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Cricket was boring. Such (ie That) was her opinion before meeting Ian. 打板球没意思. 她在认识伊恩以前就是这种看法. * She's a competent leader and has always been regarded as such by her colleagues. 她是个很有能力的领导人, 她的同事一向都是这样认为的. (b) ~ as to do sth; ~ that... (referring forward 用以预指後文): The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼, 但还不至於不能行走. * The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair. 损坏得很严重, 要用很多钱才能修好.  2 (idm 习语) as such as the word is usually understood; in the strict sense of the word 按照某词通用的词义; 根据某词严格的词义: The new job is not a promotion as such but it brings good prospects for the future. 这一新的工作, 严格说来并不算提升, 不过以後很有发展前途. * I can't call my book a best seller as such but it's very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书, 但可以说很受欢迎. such as (a) like; for example 像; 诸如; 例如: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了. (b) everything that 凡是: Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die. 我死以後全部财产除了交税以外都给你. ,such as it `is (used to apologize for the poor quality of sth 用以对某物质量不好表示歉意): You're welcome to join us for supper, such as it is  we're only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭, 只是没什麽好吃的--只有汤和面包.
such-and-such 
pron, det (thing) of a particular but unspecified type 某种未具体指明的（事物）: Always say at the start of an application that you're applying for such-and-such (a job) because... 在求职信的开头一定要说明你要求某某工作, 理由是....
suchlike
/ 5sQtFlaIk; `sQtF9laIk/ pron, det (things) of the same kind 同类的（事物）: You can buy string, glue, paper-clips and suchlike (items) at the corner shop. 在街角小店里可以买到细绳、 胶水、 回形针之类的东西.
suck
/ sQk; sQk/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) draw (liquid or air, etc) into the mouth by using the lip muscles （用嘴）吸（液体或气体等）; 吮吸; 啜; 嘬: suck the juice from an orange 吸橙子的汁 * suck the poison out (of a wound) 吸出（伤口的）毒液 * suck milk through a straw 用吸管吸牛奶喝. =>illus at blow 见blow插图. (b) (of a pump, etc) draw (liquid or air, etc) out of sth （指泵等）抽出（液体或气体等）: The pump sucks air out (of the vessel) through this valve. 这台泵通过这个阀门把（容器中的）空气抽出. * plants that suck up moisture from the soil 从土壤中吸收水分的植物.  2 [Tn, Cn.a] draw liquid from (sth) 从（某物）中吸出液体: a baby sucking its mother's breast 正在吃母乳的孩子 * suck an orange dry 把橙子吸乾.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at/on sth) perform the action of sucking sth 吸食或吮吸某物: The baby sucked (away) (at its bottle) contentedly. 那婴儿舒适地嘬著（奶瓶）. * The old man was sucking at his pipe. 那老汉正在吸著烟斗. * Suck on the tube to draw up the water. 用管子把水吸上来.  4 [Tn] squeeze or roll (sth) with the tongue while holding it in the mouth 将（某物）含在嘴里: suck a toffee 含著太妃糖 * a child that sucks its thumb 吮吸拇指的孩子.  5 (idm 习语) milk/suck sb/sth dry => dry1. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach.  6 (phr v) suck sb in/into sth (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) involve sb in (a scandal, an argument, etc), usu unwillingly 将某人卷入（丑闻、 争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）: I don't want to get sucked into the row about school reform. 我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中. suck sb/sth under, into, etc sth; suck sb/sth down, in, etc pull sb/sth down, under, etc with great force of water or air （以水或气体的巨大吸力）把某人[某物]吞没: The canoe was sucked (down) into the whirlpool. 那独木舟卷进漩涡里了. * Dangerous currents can suck swimmers under. 险急的水流能把游泳的人吞没. suck up (to sb) (derog sl 贬, 俚) try to please sb by flattering, helping him, etc 奉承或巴结某人; 拍某人马屁: She sucks up to him by agreeing with everything he says. 她巴结他, 他说什麽话她都同意.
suck 
n act of sucking 吸; 吮吸; 啜; 咂: have/take a suck (at sth) 吮吸（某物）.
sucking-pig 
n young pig still taking its mother's milk 乳猪 ; 还在吃奶的小猪.
sucker
/ 5sQkE(r); `sQkL/ n  1 (a) organ of certain animals that enables them to stick to a surface by suction （某些动物的）吸盘: An octopus has suckers on its tentacles 章鱼的腕足上有吸盘. (b) concave (usu rubber) disc that sticks to a surface by suction, and is used eg to attach things to a wall 凹面吸盘（通常用橡胶制成, 可藉吸力附著於平面上, 如用以将物件固著於墙上）.  2 shoot growing from the roots of a tree, shrub, etc 从树等的根部长出的新枝; 根出条.  3 (infml 口) person who is easily deceived 容易受骗的人: all the suckers who bought these worthless shares 购买这些不值钱的股票的那群外行.  4 ~ for sb/sth (infml 口) person who cannot resist sb/sth or is very fond of sb/sth 抵挡不住某人[某事物]的人; 极喜爱某人[某事物]的人: I've always been a sucker for romantic movies. 我一向非常喜欢传奇性的影片.
suckle
/ 5sQkl; `sQkl/ v [Tn] feed (a baby or young animal) with milk from the breast or udder 给（婴儿或小动物）喂奶 =>illus at cow 见 cow 插图. 
suckling 
/ 5sQklIN; `sQklIN/ n (idm 习语) out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1.
sucrose
/ 5su:krEUz, -rEUs; `su9kroz, -ros/ n [U] sugar obtained from sugar-cane and sugar-beet 蔗糖; 甜菜糖.
suction
/ 5sQkFn; `sQkFEn/ n [U] removal of air to create a partial vacuum, used for making two surfaces stick together or for sucking in liquid, dust, etc by means of air pressure 吸; 抽吸: Some pumps and all vacuum cleaners work by suction. 有些泵和所有的真空吸尘器都是藉吸力工作的. * Flies' feet stick to surfaces by suction. 苍蝇的脚藉吸力可附著於物体表面上. * [attrib 作定语] a suction pump, pad 抽气泵、 垫.
sudden
/ 5sQdn; `sQdn/ adj  1 happening, coming or done quickly and unexpectedly 迅速而意外地发生、 出现或做出的; 突然的: a sudden decision, arrival, increase 突然的决定、 到达、 增加 * a sudden turn in the road 路上的急转弯 * Your marriage was very sudden. Have you thought things over properly? 你结婚太突然了. 都考虑好了吗?  2 (idm 习语) ,all of a `sudden unexpectedly 突然; 出乎意料地: All of a sudden, the tyre burst. 轮胎突然爆裂了. ,sudden `death deciding the result of a drawn or tied game by playing one more point or game （因胜负未决而延长比赛）加赛一分或一场以决胜负: [attrib 作定语] a ,sudden-death `play-off 先得分者即为胜方的加时赛.
suddenly 
adv: The end came quite suddenly. 结局来得很突然. * Suddenly, everyone started shouting and singing. 突然间, 大家都喊起来、 唱起来了. 
suddenness 
n [U].
suds
/ sQdz; sQdz/ n [pl]  1 mass of tiny bubbles on soapy water （肥皂水上的）泡沫.  2 (US infml 口) beer 啤酒. 
sudsy 
adj: sudsy water 有肥皂泡沫的水.
sue
/ su:; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:; su/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) make a legal claim (against sb) 控告（某人）; （对某人）提起诉讼: If you don't complete the work, I will sue you (for damages), ie for money to compensate for my loss. 你不把工作做完, 我就控告你（要你付损害赔偿金）.  2 [Ipr] ~ for sth (fml 文) formally ask for sth, often in a lawcourt 请求（常於法庭上）: sue for peace 请求和解 * a prisoner suing for mercy 请求饶恕的囚犯 * sue for a divorce 要求离婚.
suede
/ sweId; swed/ n [U] type of soft leather with one side rubbed so that it has a soft roughened surface 绒面革; 仿麂皮: [attrib 作定语] a suede coat, dress, etc 绒面革的大衣、 连衣裙等 * suede shoes 绒面革皮鞋.
suet
/ 5su:It; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:It;`suIt/ [U] hard fat from round the kidneys of cattle and sheep, used in cooking （牛羊腰肾部的）硬脂肪油（烹调用）: [attrib 作定语] a suet pudding, ie one made with flour and suet 牛羊脂肪油布丁.
suety 
adj like or containing (much) suet 像牛羊脂肪油的; 含（大量）牛羊脂肪油的.
suffer
/ 5sQfE(r); `sQfL/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/with/for sth) feel pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc 感到疼痛、 不适、 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头: Do you suffer from (ie often have) headaches? 你常头痛吗? * She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症. * He suffers terribly with (ie is pained by) his feet. 他的脚痛得不得了. * He made a rash decision  now he's suffering for it. 他做决定太仓促--现在可吃到苦头了. * Think how much the parents of the kidnapped boy must have suffered. 那个男孩儿给拐走了, 想想看他父母得多伤心哪.  2 [Tn] experience or undergo (sth unpleasant) 经历或遭受（不愉快之事）: suffer pain, torture, defeat 遭受痛苦、 折磨、 失败 * We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 我们在金融危机中损失惨重.  3 [I] become worse; lose quality 变坏; 变差; 变糟: Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. 你要是总踢足球, 功课就糟了. * Her business suffered (eg made less profit) when she was ill. 她患病时, 生意受到了影响.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) tolerate (sth); stand 忍受, 容忍（某事物）; 经得起: How can you suffer such insolence? 你怎能忍受这样的侮辱呢?  5 (idm 习语) not/never suffer `fools gladly not be patient with people whom one considers to be foolish 对自己认为很笨的人缺乏耐心: an arrogant, impatient woman who doesn't suffer fools gladly 不愿与笨人为伍的高傲而无耐性的女子.
sufferer 
/ 5sQfErE(r); `sQfErL/ n person who suffers 受苦者; 受难者; 受害者; 患病者: arthritis sufferers 关节炎患者.
suffering 
/ 5sQfErIN; `sQfErIN/ n  1 [U] pain of body or mind （肉体或内心的）痛苦: There is so much suffering in this world. 这个世界上多灾多难.  2 sufferings [pl] feelings of pain, unhappiness, etc 痛苦、 不幸等的感觉; 苦恼; 折磨: the sufferings of the starving refugees 饥饿中的难民所受的折磨.
sufferance
/ 5sQfErEns; `sQfErEns/ n [U] (idm 习语) on `sufferance tolerated but not actually wanted 得到别人勉强地容忍: He's here on sufferance. 他是勉强获准留在此地的.
suffice
/ sE5faIs; sE`faIs/ v  1 [I, Ipr, It, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (for sb/sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (fml 文) be enough (for sb/sth); be adequate 能满足（某人[某事物]）之需要的; 足够的: Will 10 suffice for the trip? 这趟行程10英镑够用吗? * One warning sufficed to stop her doing it. 给她一次警告就足以制止她做那件事了. * A light lunch should suffice me. 有一点儿午饭就够我吃了.  2 (idm 习语) suffice it to say (that)... (used to suggest that even though one could say more, what one does say should be enough to show what one means 用以指不必多说, 只须说...就够了): I won't go into all the depressing details; suffice it to say that the whole affair was an utter disaster. 我不必细说那些让人听了难受的事, 只说一句就够了, 整件事是个惨祸.
sufficient
/ sE5fIFnt; sE`fIFEnt/ adj ~ (for sth/sb) enough 足够的; 充足的: sufficient money, time, fuel 足够的钱、 时间、 燃料 * Is 10 sufficient for your expenses? 10 英镑够你用的吗? * Do we have sufficient (food) for ten people? 我们有够十个人吃的（食物）吗?
sufficiency 
/ -nsI; -nsI/ n ~ of sth [sing] (fml 文) sufficient quantity of sth 足量; 充足: a sufficiency of fuel for the winter 足够过冬的燃料.
sufficiently 
adv: not sufficiently careful 不够细心.
suffix
/ 5sQfIks; `sQfIks/ n letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make another word, eg -y added to rust to make rusty, or as an inflexion, eg -en in oxen 後缀, 词尾（加在词尾的字母, 用以构成新词, 如将 y 加在 rust 字後构成 rusty, 或用作屈折成分, 如 oxen 字中的 en）. Cf 参看 prefix.
suffocate
/ 5sQfEkeIt; `sQfE9ket/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) die as a result of not being able to breathe （使某人）窒息而死; （将某人）闷死: Passengers suffocated in the burning aircraft. 乘客在燃烧的飞机中窒息死亡. * The fireman was suffocated by the fumes. 那个消防队员让浓烟憋死了.  2 [I] have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难; 窒息: I'm suffocating in here; can't we open a few windows? 我觉得这儿很憋气, 咱们开几扇窗户好吗?
suffocating 
adj causing difficulty in breathing 使人呼吸困难的; 使人窒息的: the suffocating heat of a tropical night 热带地区晚间窒闷的炎热 * (fig 比喻) a suffocating bureaucracy, ie one which prevents freedom of action 压制自由的官僚政治.
suffocation 
/ 9sQfE5keIFn; 9sQfE`keFEn/ n [U].
suffragan
/ 5sQfrEgEn; `sQfrE^En/ adj [attrib 作定语] (ofa bishop) appointed to help another bishop by managingpart of his diocese （指主教）被任命协助另一主教管理部分教区的; 副主教的; 副监督的.
suffragan 
n suffragan bishop 副主教; 副监督.
suffrage
/ 5sQfrIdV; `sQfrIdV/ n [U] right to vote in political elections （政治性选举的）选举权, 投票权: universal suffrage, ie the right of all adults to vote 普选权（成年人均有的投票权） * Women had to fight for their suffrage. 妇女须为享有选举权而斗争.
suffragette 
/ 9sQfrE5dVet; 9sQfrE`dVZt/ n member of a group of women who, in the early part of the 20th century, campaigned in Britain for women's suffrage *20世纪初英国为争取妇女选举权而开展斗争的妇女团体之成员.
suffuse
/ sE5fju:z; sE`fjuz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (esp of colour or moisture) spread all over sth （尤指颜色或水气）弥漫於某物, 布满, 充满: A blush suffused his cheeks. 他瞬间满脸通红. * The evening sky was suffused with crimson. 黄昏时分天空红霞灿灿. 
suffusion 
/ sE5fju:Vn; sE`fjuVEn/ n [U].
sugar
/ 5FUgE(r); `FJ^L/ n  1 (a) [U] sweet substance obtained from the juices of various plants, used in cooking and for sweetening tea, coffee, etc 食糖: Don't eat too much sugar. 糖不要吃得太多. * Do you take sugar? ie Do you have it in your tea, etc? 你要放糖吗（你喝茶等加糖吗）? * [attrib 作定语] a sugar plantation, refinery, bowl 糖料作物种植园、 炼糖厂、 糖罐. (b) [C] cube or teaspoonful of sugar 一块方糖; 一茶匙糖: Two sugars in my coffee, please! 请在我的咖啡里放两块方糖!  2 (infml 口 esp US) (used as a form of address to sb one likes 用作亲热的称呼语): Hello, sugar, nice to see you! 喂, 亲爱的, 见到你真高兴!
sugar 
v [Tn]  1 sweeten or coat (sth) with sugar 在（某物）中加糖; 给（某物）裹上糖衣: Is this tea sugared? 这茶放糖了吗? * sugared almonds 糖衣杏仁.  2 (idm 习语) ,sugar/,sweeten the `pill => pill.
sugary 
/ 5FUgErI; `FJ^ErI/ adj  1 tasting of sugar; sweet 甜的; 含糖的: sugary tea 甜茶.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) too sentimental or flattering 甜情蜜意的; 甜言蜜语的: a sugary love scene in a film 电影中柔情蜜意的爱情场面. 
sugariness 
n [U].
sugar-beet 
n [U] vegetable from whose large round roots sugar is made 甜菜; 糖萝卜.
sugar-cane 
n [U] tall tropical grass from which sugar is made 甘蔗.
sugar-coated 
adj  1 coated with sugar 有糖衣的; 裹糖的.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) made to seem attractive 巧为粉饰的; 表面上吸引人的: a ,sugar-coated `promise 甜言蜜语的许诺.
sugar-daddy 
n (infml 口) rich man who is generous to a younger woman, usu in return for sexual favours 对年轻女子慷慨的阔男子（通常为换取性方面的好处）.
sugar-lump 
n small cube of sugar, used to sweeten tea, coffee, etc 方糖.
sugar-maple 
n N American maple tree, the sap of which is used to make sugar and syrup 糖槭（产於北美洲, 树汁可制糖和糖浆）.
sugar-tongs 
n [pl] small tongs for picking up lumps of sugar at table （餐桌上用的）方糖夹子: a pair of sugar-tongs 一把方糖夹子.
suggest
/ sE5dVest; ?@ sEg5dV-; sE^`dVZst/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb/sth (as sth) put sth/sb forward for consideration 提出某事物[某人]供考虑; 提议; 建议: I suggest a tour of the museum. 我提议去参观博物馆. * Whom would you suggest for the job? 你建议由谁来做这工作? * I wrote suggesting that he should come for the weekend. 我写信请他来度周末. * Can you suggest how we might tackle the problem? 我们怎样处理这问题, 你能给出个主意吗? * He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子们去动物园. * I suggest Paris as a good place for a honeymoon. 我提议去巴黎, 那是度蜜月的好去处. (b) [Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth to sb propose sth to sb 向某人提议某事物: What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理提了什麽建议? * I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. 我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题.  2 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) put (an idea, etc) into sb's mind 使某人想到（某事物）: Which illness do these symptoms suggest (to you)? 这些症状（照你看来）像是什麽病? * His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea. 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意.  3 [Tn, Tf] state (sth) indirectly; imply 间接表明（某事物）; 暗示; 意味著: `Are you suggesting that I'm not telling the truth?' `I wouldn't suggest such a thing for a moment.' ｀你的意思是不是说我没说实话?＇｀我没有那个意思.＇  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ itself (to sb) come into sb's mind; occur to sb 出现在心头; 想到: I tried to think what could have happened, but nothing suggested itself. 我尽力回想到底出了什麽事, 但什麽也想不起来. * An idea suggests itself to me. 我想起一个主意来.
suggestible 
/ -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj easily influenced易受影响的: I did many stupid things when I was young and suggestible. 我年轻时受外界的影响做过不少傻事.
suggestibility 
/ sE9dVestE5bIlEtI; ?@ sEg9dV-; sEg9dVZstE`bIlEtI/ n [U].
suggestive 
/ -Iv; -Iv/ adj  1 ~ (of sth) putting particular ideas or associations into sb's mind 提示的; 暗示的; 引起联想的: an aroma suggestive of spring flowers 使人想起春天的花朵的一种香气 * a complex, suggestive poem 意蕴很深的、 予人以丰富联想的诗篇.  2 making sb think of improper (esp sexual) things 使人产生邪念（尤指淫乱思想）的: He gave her a suggestive glance, and she blushed. 他用挑逗的目光看了她一眼, 羞得她满脸通红. 
suggestively 
adv.
suggestion
/ sE5dVestFEn; ?@ sEg5dV-; sE^`dVZstFEn/ n  1 [U] suggesting (suggest1) or being suggested 提议; 建议: On/At your suggestion (ie Because you suggested it) I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议, 我买了较贵的这种型号.  2 [C] ~ (that...) idea, plan, etc or person that is suggested 提议或建议的内容（主意、 计画、 人选等）: I want suggestions about what to do today. 今天做什麽, 我想听听有何意见. * Janet was my first suggestion as chairperson. 珍妮特是我推荐可任主席的第一人选. * There's no suggestion that she should resign, ie That would be completely unthinkable. 没有任何迹象显示她要辞职.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] slight amount (of sth that can be detected) 微量; 徵象: speak English with the suggestion of a French accent 说英语稍带法国口音.  4 [U] putting an idea, etc into sb's mind through linking it to other ideas, pictures, etc 暗示; 联想: Most advertisements work through suggestion. 广告多通过启发人的联想力而发挥作用.
suicide
/ 5su:IsaId; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:I-; `suE9saId/ n  1 (a) [U] killing oneself intentionally 自杀: commit suicide 自杀 * four cases of suicide 四起自杀案件. (b) [C] act of this 自杀行为: three suicides in one week 一周中的三起自杀事件.  2 [C] person who commits suicide 自杀者.  3 [U] (fig 比喻) any action that may have serious consequences for oneself 给自己带来严重後果的行为: political suicide, ie action by a politician that will ruin his career 政治上的自杀（政治家自毁前程） * economic suicide, eg adopting policies that will ruin the economy 经济上的自杀（如施行导致经济崩溃的政策）.
suicidal 
/ 9su:I5saIdl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:I-; 9suE`saIdl/ adj  1 of suicide; likely to lead to suicide 自杀的; 可能导致自杀的: suicidal tendencies 自杀倾向 * in a suicidal state 处於可能自杀的状态.  2 (of a person) likely to commit suicide （指人）有自杀倾向的: She's feeling suicidal today. 她今天想自杀.  3 likely to lead to one's ruin 可能导致自我毁灭的: a suicidal policy 自取灭亡的政策. 
suicidally 
/ -dElI; -dlI/ adv: suicidally depressed 抑郁消沉得想自杀.
suit
/ su:t; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:t; sut/ n  1 (a) set of outer garments of the same material, usu a jacket and trousers for a man and a jacket and skirt for a woman （同一料子的）一套外衣（通常指男子的短上衣和裤子, 或女子的短上衣和裙子）: a `business suit 一套西装 * a ,pin-stripe `lounge suit 一套细条纹西装 * a ,two-/,three-piece `suit, ie of two/three garments 两[三]件式套装 * a `dress suit, ie a man's formal evening suit 男子的晚礼服 * a `trouser-suit, ie a woman's suit of jacket and trousers 长裤套装（包括短上衣和裤子的女装）. (b) set of clothing for a particular activity （为某活动的）套装: a `spacesuit 宇航服 * a `diving suit 潜水服 * an as`bestos suit, eg to protect sb from heat 石棉服（如用以隔热） * a ,suit of `armour 一套盔甲.  2 any of the four sets (ie spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds) forming a pack of playing-cards （组成一副纸牌的）四种花色（即黑桃、 红桃、 梅花、 方块）的牌中的任何一种. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card插图.  3 (also `lawsuit) case in a lawcourt; legal proceedings 诉讼案件; 法律程序: file/bring a suit against sb 对某人提起诉讼 * a criminal/civil suit 刑事[民事]诉讼 * a divorce suit 离婚诉讼.  4 (fml 文) request made to a person in authority, esp a ruler （向权威人物, 尤指当权者提的）请求, 恳求: grant sb's suit 答应某人的请求 * press one's suit, ie beg persistently 执意恳求.  5 (idm 习语) follow suit => follow. in one's birthday suit => birthday. one's/sb's strong suit => strong.
-suited 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) wearing a suit of the specified kind 穿著一套某类服装的: sober-suited city businessmen.
suiting 
n [U] material for making suits 套装衣料: serge suiting 哔叽套装衣料.
suitcase 
n case with flat sides, used for carrying clothes, etc when travelling 手提衣箱; 小提箱. =>illus at luggage 见 luggage 插图.
suit
/ su:t; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:t; sut/ v  1 [Tn] (esp of clothes, hairstyles, etc) look attractive on (sb) （尤指衣服、 发型等）适合於（某人）: Does this skirt suit me? 这裙子我穿著好看吗? * It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short. 你不适合剪短发. * That colour doesn't suit your complexion. 那颜色不适合你的肤色.2 (a) [I, Tn] be convenient for or acceptable to (sb) 对（某人）方便; 合（某人）的心意: Will Thursday suit (you)? 星期四（对你）方便吗? * The seven o'clock train will suit us very well. 七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适. * If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. 你要是想坐公共汽车去, 那对我很方便. * Would it suit you to come at five? 你五点钟来行吗? (b) [Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) be right or beneficial for (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）合适或有利: This climate doesn't suit me. 这种气候对我很不相宜. * Very spicy food doesn't suit my stomach, ie makes me feel ill. 太辣的东西我吃了胃部不舒服.  3 [Tn] ~ one`self (infml 口) act according to one's own wishes 随自己的意愿行事: You don't want to join the club? Oh well, suit yourself. 你不愿意参加俱乐部是吗? 那好, 随你的便吧.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth/sb make sth appropriate for sth/sb; adapt sth to sth/sb 使某事物适合於某事物[某人]: suit the punishment to the crime 使罚当其罪 * suit the play to the audience 使话剧迎合观众的口味.  5 (idm 习语) suit one's/sb's book (infml 口) be convenient or acceptable to sb 对某人方便; 合某人的心意: It suits my book if I never have to go there again. 若是我再也不用去那里了, 那真是求之不得呢. suit sb ,down to the `ground (infml 口) be very convenient or appropriate for sb 对某人非常方便或合适: I've found a job that suits me down to the ground. 我找到了一份工作, 对我再合适不过了.
suited 
adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for/to sb/sth) suitableor appropriate (for sb/sth) 适合（於某人[某事物]）: He is better suited to a job with older pupils. 他较适合教小学高年级学生. * He and his wife are well suited (to each other). 他和妻子十分般配.
suitable
/ 5su:tEbl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:t-; `sutEbl/ adj ~ (for/to sth/sb) right or appropriatefor a purpose or an occasion 适合的; 适宜的; 恰当的: a suitable room, book, proposal, date 合适的房间、 书、 建议、 日期 * clothes suitable for cold weather 适於冷天穿的衣服 * a place suitable for a picnic 适合野餐的地方 * a suitable case for (eg surgical, psychiatric, etc) treatment 适於（如外科、 精神病等）治疗的病人 * Would now be a suitable moment to show the slides? 现在放幻灯片合适吗? 
suitability 
/ 9su:tE5bIlEtI; 9sutE`bIlEtI/, suitableness ns [U].
suitably 
/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv: go to a party suitably dressed 穿著得体去参加聚会.
en suite
/ 9Cn 5swi:t; Bn`swit/ (French 法) (of rooms, etc) forming a single unit （指房间等）构成独立单元: Each bedroom in the hotel has a bathroom en suite. 该旅馆每间卧室都有一洗澡间自成一套.
suite
/ swi:t; swit/ n  1 set of matching pieces of furniture 一套家具: a three-piece suite, eg two armchairs and a sofa 三件一套的家具（如两张单座沙发和一张长沙发） * a dining-room suite, ie a table, chairs, and often a sideboard 一套饭厅用的家具（一张桌子, 几把椅子, 常包括餐具柜）.  2 (a) set of rooms, eg (in a hotel) a bedroom, sitting-room and bathroom 一套房间, 套间（如旅馆的）（包括卧室、 起居室和浴室等）: the honeymoon/bridal suite, ie for a honeymoon couple in a hotel 蜜月[新婚]套间（旅馆中专为新婚夫妇设的）. (b) (US) apartment; flat 一套公寓.  3 complete set of objects used together 一套物件: a suite of programs for a computer 计算机的一组程序.  4 (music 音) piece of music consisting of three or more related parts 组曲（由至少三个相关乐章组成的）.  5 group of people attending an important person, eg a ruler; retinue （一批）随员, 随从, 侍从.
suitor
/ 5su:tE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `sutL/ n (dated 旧) man courting a woman 追求某女子的人: She had rejected all her many suitors. 她拒绝了所有追求她的人.
sulfate
(US) = sulphate.
sulfur
(US) = sulphur.
sulk
/ sQlk; sQlk/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) (derog 贬) be silent or unsociable as a result of bad temper or resentment （因发脾气）不答理人; 生闷气: He's been sulking for days about being left out of the team. 他嗔怪队里没要他, 连日生著闷气.
the sulks 
n [pl] (infml 口) fit of sulking 生闷气: have (a fit of) the sulks 生（一阵）闷气.
sulky 
adj (-ier, -iest) having or showing a tendency to sulk 生闷气的: a sulky person, look, mood 生著闷气的人、 样子、 心情. 
sulkily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
sulkiness 
n [U].
sullen
/ 5sQlEn; `sQlEn/ adj (derog 贬)  1 silent, bad-tempered and gloomy 不答理人的; 脾气坏的; 闷闷不乐的: a sullen person, look 郁郁寡欢的人、 样子 * All my attempts to amuse the children were met with sullen scowls. 我想尽办法哄这些孩子玩儿, 但是他们总是满脸不高兴.  2 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) dark and gloomy; dismal 阴沉的; 阴郁的: a sullen sky 阴沉的天空. 
sullenly 
adv. 
sullenness 
n [U].
sully
/ 5sQlI; `sQlI/ v (pt, pp sullied) [Tn] (fml or rhet usu fig 文或修辞, 通常作比喻) make (sth) dirty; stain; ruin or destroy (sb's reputation, etc) 弄脏（某物）; 玷污或破坏（某人的名声等）: I wouldn't sully my hands by acceptinga bribe. 我决不接受贿赂, 一尘不染. * sully sb's name, honour, etc 玷污某人的名声、 荣誉等.
sulpha drug (US sulfa drug) 
/ 5sQlfE drQg; `sQlfE9drQ^/ = sulphonamide.
sulphate (US sulfate) 
/ 5sQlfeIt; `sQlfet/ n [C, U] compound of sulphuric acid and another chemical 硫酸盐; 硫酸酯: copper sulphate 硫酸铜.
sulphide (US sulfide) 
/ 5sQlfaId; `sQlfaId/ n [C, U] compound of sulphur and another element 硫化物.
sulphonamide (US sulfonamide, sulpha drug) 
/ sQl5fCnEmaId; sQl`fBnEmaId/ n any of a group of chemical compounds which are used to kill bacteria 磺胺类药.
sulphur (US sulfur) 
/ 5sQlfE(r); `sQlfL/ n [U] chemical element, a light-yellow non-metallic solid that burns with a bright flame and a strong smell, used in medicine and industry 硫; 硫磺. =>App 10 见附录 10.
sulphuretted (US sulfuretted) 
/ 5sQlfjUretId; `sQlfjJrZtId/adj [attrib 作定语] (of a compound) containing sulphur （指化合物）硫化的: sulphuretted hydrogen, ie hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢.
sulphuric (US sulfuric) 
/ sQl5fjUErIk; sQl`fjJrIk/ adj containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的. sulphuric acid type of very strong corrosive acid 硫酸.
sulphurous (US sulfurous) 
/ 5sQlfErEs; `sQlfErEs/ adj  1 of or like sulphur （似）硫的: a sulphurous smell coming from the laboratory 实验室散发出来的硫磺气味 * the volcano's sulphurous fumes 火山冒出的硫化蒸气.  2 containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的.
sultan
/ 5sQltEn; `sQltn/ n sovereign ruler of certain Muslim countries 苏丹（某些穆斯林国家的最高统治者）: the Sultan of Brunei 文莱国的苏丹.
sultanate 
/ 5sQltEneIt; `sQltnet/ n  1 position or period of rule of a sultan 苏丹的地位或统治期.  2 territory ruled by a sultan 苏丹统治的领土: the Sultanate of Oman 阿曼国苏丹统治的领土.
sultana
/ sQl5tB:nE; ?@ -AnE; sQl`tAnE/ n  1 small seedless raisin used in puddings and cakes 一种无子的小葡萄乾（做布丁和糕饼用）.  2 wife, mother, sister or daughter of a sultan 苏丹的女眷（妻室、 母亲、 姐妹或女儿）.
sultry
/ 5sQltrI; `sQltrI/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of the weather, air, etc) oppressively hot and humid （指天气、 空气等）湿热难耐的, 闷热的: a sultry summer afternoon 夏天的一个闷热的下午.  2 (of a woman or her looks) darkly and sensually beautiful （指女子或其神态）隐现肉体美的: a sultry smile 迷人的微笑 * a sultry Mexican beauty 标致的墨西哥美人. 
sultrily 
/ -trElI; -trIlI/ adv. 
sultriness 
n [U].
sum
/ sQm; sQm/ n  1 [C often pl 常作复数] arithmetical calculation 算术: do a sum in one's head 做心算 * be good at sums 擅长算术.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) amount of money 金额; 款项: He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金. * Huge sums have been invested in this project. 在这个项目中投入了大量资金.  3 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) total obtained by adding together numbers, amounts or items 总数; 总和: The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8. (b) [sing] (also ,sum `total) the ~ of sth all of sth, esp when it is considered as not being enough 总共, 全部（尤含数量不足之意）: Is that the sum of what you've done in the last two years? 这就是你最近两年中完成的全部数量吗?  4 (idm 习语) in `sum (dated 旧) in a few words 简言之; 总而言之: In sum, the plan failed. 总之, 计画告吹了.
sum 
v (-mm-) (phr v) sum (sth) up (a) give a brief summary (of sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: Now sum up (your views) in a few words. 现在（把你的观点）用几句话来概括一下. (b) (of a judge) summarize the evidence or arguments in a legal case （指法官）归纳证词或双方论点. sum sb/sth up form an opinion of sb/sth 形成对某人[某事物]的看法: I summed her up as a competent manager. 我认为她是个很能干的经理. * He summed up the situation at a glance, ie realized at once what was happening. 他一眼就看清了当时的情况. ,summing-`up n (pl summings-up) speech in which a judge sums up the evidence or arguments in a legal case （讼案中法官对证词或辩论情况做的）概述.
sum total  
1 final total, esp as formed by adding other totals together 总数, 总额（尤指各总数相加的）.  2 = sum 3b.
summary
/ 5sQmErI; `sQmErI/ n  1 brief statement of themain points of sth 总结; 摘要; 概要: a two-page summaryof a government report 共两页的政府报告摘要 * Here is a summary of the news/a news summary. 以下是新闻摘要.  2 (idm 习语) in `summary as a brief statement of the main point(s) 总的说来; 归纳起来: And so I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success. 因此我认为, 总的看来, 这场运动成绩很大.
summary 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) done or given immediately, without attention to details or formal procedure 即刻作出或给予的（未顾及细节或正常程序）: summary justice, punishment, methods 即决裁判、 当场的处罚、 简易的方法 * Such an offence will lead to a summary fine. 这类过错要当场予以罚款.  2 giving the main points only; brief 概括的; 扼要的; 简明的: a summary account of a long debate 对一长时的辩论的概述. 
summarily 
/ 5sQmErElI; ?@ sE5merElI; sE`mZrElI/ adv: summarily dismissed 立即开除.
summarize, summarise 
/ 5sQmEraIz; `sQmE9raIz/ v [I, Tn] be or make a summary of (sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: a talk summarizing recent trends in philosophy 概述当前哲学界动态的讲话.
summation
/ sQ5meIFn; sQm`eFEn/ n (fml 文)  1 summing-up; summary 总结; 概括: begin a summation of the evidence presented 对提供的证词进行总结.  2 addition 加（法）: do a rapid summation of the figures 把数字很快加起来.  3 gathering together of different parts to form a representative whole （各部分聚集一起而形成的）有代表性的整体: The exhibition was a summation of his life's work. 这次展览汇集了他一生中典型的作品.
summer
/ 5sQmE(r); `sQmL/ n [U, C]  1 the second and warmest season of the year outside the tropics, coming between spring and autumn, ie from June to August inthe northern hemisphere 夏; 夏天; 夏季: In (the) summerwe go on holiday. 夏天我们常去度假. * in the summer of 1979 在1979年的夏季 * this/next/last summer 今年[明年/去年]夏天 * a cool, hot, wet, etc summer 凉爽的、 炎热的、 多雨的...夏天 * a lovely summer's day 夏日晴朗的一天 * (rhet 修辞) a girl of ten summers, ie ten years of age 十岁的女孩儿 * [attrib 作定语] summer weather 夏季的天气 * the summer holidays 暑假 * a summer cottage, ie for use during the summer 消夏的小屋舍.  2 (idm 习语) an Indian summer => Indian. one swallow does not make a summer => swallow2.
summery 
/ 5sQmErI; `sQmErI/ adj typical of orsuitable for the summer 夏季的; 适合夏季的: a summeryday 夏季的一天 * a summery dress 夏天穿的连衣裙.
summer-house 
n small hut with seats in a garden, park, etc, providing shade in the summer （花园、 公园等的）凉亭.
summer pudding 
(Brit) pudding of fruits such as raspberries and currants pressed into a case of bread 夏令布丁（用悬钩子和无子小葡萄乾等做的点心）.
summer school 
course of lectures, etc held in the summer vacation, esp at a university 暑期学校; （尤指大学开办的）暑期班.
summer-time 
n [U] season of summer 夏季: It's beautiful here in (the) summer-time. 夏天这里很美.
summer time (Brit) (US `fast time) 
time kept one hour in advance of the actual time during summer, giving long light evenings 夏令时间. Cf 参看 daylight saving (daylight).
summit
/ 5sQmIt; `sQmIt/ n  1 highest point; top, esp of a mountain 最高点; 顶点; （尤指）山顶: climb to the summit 登上山顶 * (fig 比喻) the summit of her career, ambition, etc 她事业的颠峰、 最大的抱负等. =>illus at mountain 见mountain插图.  2 meeting between the heads of two or more governments, esp of the world's most powerful countries 最高级会议（政府首脑间的, 尤指强国的）: attend a summit in Washington 出席在华盛顿召开的最高级会议 * [attrib 作定语] a summit talk/meeting/conference 最高级会谈[会晤/会议] * the summit powers 参加最高级会议的强国.
summon
/ 5sQmEn; `sQmEn/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (together) send a message telling sb to come; call (people) together 召唤某人; 召集（大家）: I was summoned by my boss (to explain my actions). 老板把我召去（要我对自己的行为做出解释）. * The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting. 已召集了股东开全体大会. * Summon the pupils together in the school hall. 把学生召集到学校的礼堂里. (b) [Tn, Dn.t] order (sb) to attend a lawcourt; summons (sb) 传唤（某人）出庭; 召唤（某人）: The debtor was summoned (to appear before the magistrates). （地方法官）已传唤债务人出庭.  2 [Tn] order a group of people to attend (a meeting, etc) 召开（会议等）: summon a conference 召开会议 * The Queen has summoned Parliament. 女王已召集了议会开会.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) force (a particular quality) to come as if from deep inside oneself, in an attempt to do sth 发挥出（某品性）来做某事: summon (up) one's courage for the battle 鼓起勇气进行战斗 * I had to summon (up) all my nerve to face my boss. 我得鼓足勇气去见上司. * I can't summon up much enthusiasm for the project. 这计画引不起我多大兴趣.  4 (phr v) summon sth up cause sth to come into the mind; evoke sth 使某事物浮现於脑际; 唤起某事物: a smell which summons up memories of my childhood 使我回忆起童年事的一种气味.
summons
/ 5sQmEnz; `sQmEnz/ n (pl ~es)  1 (a) order to attend a lawcourt, esp to answer a charge 传唤, 传讯（尤指对指控进行答辩）: issue a summons 发出传讯命令. (b) document containing this （法院的）传票: The summons was served by a bailiff. 该传票已由法警送达.  2 order to do sth, esp to come to sb 命令（尤指来到某人处）: You must obey the king's summons. 你必须奉诏觐见国王.
summons 
v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) order sb to attend a lawcourt 传唤某人到庭; 传讯某人: He was summonsed for speeding. 他因超速行驶而被传讯出庭.
sump
/ sQmp; sQmp/ n  1 casing under an engine holding the lubricating oil （发动机下面的）润滑油箱.  2 cavity or hollow area into which waste liquid drains 污水坑; 聚水坑.
sumptuous
/ 5sQmptFUEs; `sQmptFJEs/ adj looking expensive and splendid 华贵的; 豪华的; 奢华的: a sumptuous feast 盛宴 * sumptuous clothes 华贵的服装. 
sumptuously 
adv. 
sumptuousness 
n [U].
sun
/ sQn; sQn/ n  1 (also the sun) [sing] the star around which the earth orbits and from which it receives lightand warmth 太阳; 日: the sun's rays 太阳的光线 * sendinga space probe to the sun 向太阳发射一个航天探测器 * A watery sun shone through the rain-clouds. 太阳透过雨云发出有雨意的光.  2 (also the sun) [sing, U] light and warmth from the sun; sunshine 太阳的光和热; 日光; 阳光: sit in the sun 坐在阳光下 * have the sun in one's eyes 阳光照眼 * draw the curtains to shut out/let in the sun 拉窗帘遮蔽[放进]阳光 * I like lots of sun on holiday. 我喜欢在假日里多晒太阳.  3 [C] any star, esp one around which planets orbit 星体; （尤指）恒星: There are many suns larger than ours. 有许多恒星比我们的太阳还要大.  4 (idm 习语) catch the sun => catch1.make hay while the sun shines => hay. a place in the sun => place1. under the `sun (anywhere) in the world 在世界上（任何地方）: the best wine under the sun 世界上最好的酒 * every country under the sun 世界上每一个国家. with the `sun at dawn or sunset 在日出或日落时; 在黎明或傍晚时分: get up/go to bed with the sun 黎明即起[日落而息].
sun 
v (-nn-) [Tn] `~ oneself expose oneself to the rays of the sun 晒太阳: He sat in a deck-chair `sunning himself. 他坐在帆布躺椅上晒太阳.
sunless 
adj without sunshine; receiving little or no sunlight 无阳光的; 阳光不足的; 晒不到太阳的: a sunless day, room 阴天、 无阳光的房间.
sunny 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 bright with sunlight; receiving much sunlight 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: a sunny day, room, garden 晴朗的一天、 向阳的房间、 阳光充足的花园.  2 (fig 比喻) cheerful 快活的; 愉快的: a sunny smile, disposition, welcome 快活的微笑、 性情、 欢迎 * She always looks on the sunny side, ie is optimistic. 她总是看到光明的一面（即很乐观）. 
sunnily 
/ -IlI; -IlI/ adv. 
sunniness 
n [U]. 
sunny-side up 
(US) (of an egg) fried on one side only （指蛋）只煎一面的.
sun-baked 
adj (a) made hard by the heat of the sun （太阳）晒硬或晒乾的: sun-baked mud, fields, etc 晒硬的泥土、 晒乾的田地. (b) receiving much sunlight; very sunny 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: sun-baked beaches 烈日下的海滩.
sunbathe 
v [I] expose one's body to the sun, eg to become sun-tanned 晒太阳; 沐日光浴.
sunbeam 
n ray of sunshine 日光; 阳光.
sun-blind 
n curtain, awning, etc that stops sunlight coming through a window （阻止阳光进入窗内的）遮帘, 遮篷, 遮挡物.
sunburn 
n [U] reddening and blistering of the skin caused by being in the sun too much 晒伤的皮肤; 晒斑. Cf 参看 sun-tan. 
sunburned, sunburnt 
/ 5sQnb\:nt;`sQn9b[nt/ adjs (a) suffering from sunburn 皮肤晒伤的: sunburnt shoulders 晒伤的肩膀. (b) sun-tanned 晒黑的.
sundial 
/ 5sQndaIEl; `sQn9daIEl/ n device showing the time on a clock-like dial by means of a pointer whose shadow moves as the sun moves across the sky 日规; 日晷（仪）.
sundown 
n [U] (esp US) sunset 日落（时分）. 
sundowner 
n  1 (Austral 澳) tramp who usu arrives (at a sheep farm, etc) at sunset, looking for a place to sleep 通常於日落时分赶到（牧羊场等处）找地方过夜的流浪者.  2 (Brit infml 口) (usu alcoholic) drink taken at sunset （通常含酒精的）傍晚喝的饮料.
sun-drenched 
adj (approv 褒) receiving great heat and light from the sun 充满阳光的: sun-drenched beaches along the Riviera 里维埃拉一带阳光充足的海滩.
sunfish 
n large sea fish that is almost round, like a ball 太阳鱼（海中的一种大鱼, 体圆如球）.
sunflower 
n tall garden plant having large flowers with yellow petals round a dark centre 向日葵: [attrib 作定语] sunflower seeds, oil 葵花子、 葵花子油.
sun-glasses 
n [pl] glasses with dark lenses to protect the wearer's eyes from bright sunlight 太阳眼镜; 墨镜: a pair of sun-glasses 一副墨镜.
sun-god 
n the sun worshipped as a god 太阳神.
sun-hat 
n hat made to shade the head and neck from sunlight 太阳帽; 遮阳帽.
sun-lamp 
n lamp producing ultra-violet light, with effects like those of sunlight, used eg for tanning the body 太阳灯（能产生紫外线的）.
sunlight 
n [U] light of the sun 日光; 太阳光.
sunlit 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] lighted by the sun 阳光照耀的; 被阳光照射的: a sunlit garden, scene, landscape 阳光灿烂的花园、 景象、 景色.
sun lounge (Brit) (US `sun parlor, `sun porch) 
room, veranda, etc with glass sides, and situated so as to receive much sunlight 日光浴室、 浴廊等（用玻璃做围墙, 以吸收大量阳光）.
sun-ray 
n ray of ultra-violet light as used on the body for tanning or for medical reasons （日光浴或医疗所用的）紫外线: [attrib 作定语] a sun-ray lamp 紫外线灯 * sun-ray treatment 紫外线疗法.
sunrise 
n [U] (time of the) rising of the sun; dawn 日出（时分）; 黎明: She got up at sunrise. 她黎明即起. `sunrise industry new and expanding industry 新兴工业; 发展中的工业.
sun-roof 
n (also ,sunshine `roof) panel on the roof of a car that can be opened to let in air and sunshine （汽车的）天窗.
sunset 
n  1 [U] (time of the) setting of the sun 日落（时分）; 傍晚: finish work at sunset 傍晚时做完工作.  2 [C] appearance of the sky at sunset 落日余辉; 晚霞: the beautiful sunsets in the desert 沙漠里落日的美景.
sunshade 
n  1 umbrella for protecting sb from hot sunshine 阳伞. Cf 参看 parasol.  2 sun-blind 遮阳篷.
sunshine 
n [U]  1 light and heat of the sun 太阳的光和热; 阳光: sitting out in the bright/warm sunshine 坐在室外灿烂[温暖]的阳光下.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) cheerfulness 快活; 愉快: the loss of her closest friend which took the sunshine out of her life 她那最亲密友伴的丧生, 使她在生活中失去欢愉.  3 (Brit infml 口) (used for addressing sb, usu in a cheerful and friendlyway 用作称呼语, 通常表示快活和友好): Hello, sunshine!喂, 你好!  4 (idm 习语) a ray of sunshine => ray. ,sunshine `roof = sun-roof.
sunspot 
n  1 (astronomy 天) any of the dark patches that sometimes appear on the sun's surface, causing electrical disturbances and interfering with radio communications （太阳）黑子; 日斑.  2 (infml 口) place that has a sunny climate (eg for holidays) 多阳光的地方（如度假胜地）.
sunstroke 
n [U] illness caused by being exposed to the heat and light of the sun too much 日射病; 中暑.
sun-tan 
n browning of the skin from exposing it to the sun （皮肤的）晒黑: get a good sun-tan 皮肤晒成健美的古铜色 * [attrib 作定语] sun-tan oil, lotion, cream, etc 防晒油、 液、 霜等. Cf 参看 sunburn. 
sun-tanned 
adj: her sun-tanned legs 她那晒得黑黑的腿.
sun-trap 
n warm sunny place that is sheltered from the wind 向阳避风处.
sun-up 
n [U] (US infml 口) sunrise 日出（时分）; 黎明.
sun-worship 
n [U]  1 worship of the sun as a god 太阳崇拜（视太阳为神）.  2 (infml 口) extreme fondness for sun-bathing 极爱日光浴. 
sun-worshipper 
n.
Sun
abbr 缩写 = Sunday: Sun 1 June  6月1日, 星期日.
sundae
/ 5sQndeI; ?@ -di:; `sQndI/ n dish of ice-cream with crushed fruit, fruit-juice, nuts, etc 三德冰激凌（加有压碎的水果、 果汁、 果仁等的）: a peach sundae 一份桃的三德冰激凌.
Sunday
/ 5sQndI; `sQndI/ n (abbr 缩写 Sun)  1 [C, U] the first day of the week (coming before Monday), a day of rest and worship for Christians 星期日; 星期天; （基督教徒的）礼拜日.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] newspaper published on a Sunday 每逢星期日出版的报纸; 星期日刊.  3 (idm 习语) for/in a month of Sundays => month. one's Sunday `best (infml joc 口, 谑) one's best clothes （自己的衣服中）最好的衣服: Go to the party in your Sunday best. 穿上你最好的衣服去参加聚会.
Sunday school 
class held on Sundays at which children receive religious teaching 主日学校（於星期日授课, 对儿童进行宗教知识教育）. For the uses of Sunday see the examples at Monday. 关於 Sunday 的用法见 Monday 词条中的示例.
sunder
/ 5sQndE(r); `sQndL/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) separate sth/sb, esp by force or for ever 将某事物[某人]分开（尤指强制性地或永久性地）.
sundry
/ 5sQndrI; `sQndrI/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 various 不同的; 各种的: on sundry occasions 在各种场合 * rice, flour and sundry other items of food 米、 面粉及其他各种食物.  2 (idm 习语) ,all and `sundry (infml 口) everyone, without discrimination 每个人（一视同仁）: She invited all and sundry to her party. 她邀请所有的人都来参加聚会.
sundries 
n [pl] various (esp small) items not separately named 杂物; 杂项: My expenses claim includes 15 for sundries. 我的报销申请中包括 15 英镑杂项支出.
sung
pp of sing.
sunk
pt, pp of sink1.
sunken
/ 5sQNkEn; `sQNkEn/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] that has gone to the bottom of the sea 沉没海底的: a sunken ship 沉船 * sunken treasure 沉入海底的金银财宝.  2 (of cheeks, etc) hollow as a result of hunger, illness, etc （指面颊等）（因饥饿、 疾病等）凹陷的: the sunken eyes of the dying man 那垂死男子的凹陷的眼睛.  3 [attrib 作定语] at a lower level than the surrounding area 比周围低的: a sunken terrace at the bottom of the garden 在园子尽头低洼处的梯田.
sup
/ sQp; sQp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (Brit dialect 方) drink sth in small amounts 一点点地喝某物: They sat supping their beer. 他们坐著一小口一小口地喝著啤酒. * Come on, sup up your tea. 来, 把茶喝了吧.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/off sth) (arch 古) eat supper 吃晚饭: We supped on cold roast beef. 我们晚饭吃的是凉的烤牛肉.
sup 
n (Brit dialect 方) small amount of liquid drunk （喝下的）少量饮料: a sup of ale 少量麦芽啤酒.
sup
abbr 缩写 = above; earlier on (in a book, etc) (Latin supra) 在上, 在上文中（源自拉丁文supra）. Cf 参看 inf.
super
/ 5su:pE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL/ adj (infml 口) excellent; splendid 极好的; 了不起的; 棒的: a super meal, book, dress 极好的饭菜、 书、 连衣裙 * You'll like her, she's super. 你一定喜欢她, 她好极了.
super
/ 5su:pE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL/ (Brit infml 口) superintendent, esp in the police force 主管人; 负责人; （尤指）警务长: the chief super 警务总长.
super-
pref 前缀  1 (a) (with ns and vs 与名词和动词结合) above; over 在...之上; 超过: superstructure * superimpose. (b) (with adjs and advs 与形容词和副词结合) superior to; more than 优於; 超: superhuman * supernaturally.  2 (esp with adjs 尤与形容词结合) extremely; very 极端; 非常: super-intelligent * super-chic.  3 (esp with ns 尤与名词结合) larger, more efficient, etc than the standard sort 特大的; 特别有效的; 超级的: superglue * super-lubricant. Cf 参看 over-.
super-duper, superduper
/ 9su:pE5du:pE(r); `supL`dupL/ adj (infml 口) excellent; splendid 极好的; 了不起的; 棒的: I've got a super-duper new radio. 我有一台特别好的新收音机.
super-ego, superego
/ 5su:pEregEU; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; ?@ -i:gEU; 9supL`i^o/ n (psychology 心) part of a person's mind which contains a set of rules for right and wrong behaviour, acting as a conscience 超我. Cf 参看 ego 1, id.
superabundant
/ 9su:pErE5bQndEnt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErE`bQndEnt/ (fml 文) very abundant; more than enough 极多的; 过剩的: a superabundant harvest 特大丰收.
superabundance 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U, sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) amount that is more than enough 过多; 过剩: food in superabundance 过剩的食物 * a superabundance of fuel 燃料的过剩.
superannuate
/ 9su:pE5rAnjUeIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`AnjJ9et/ v [Tn] send (an employee) into retirement with a pension 使（雇员）退休（有养老金）.
superannuated 
adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) old and barely fit for work or use 年老不适於工作的; 陈旧不宜使用的: Are you still riding that superannuated old bike? 你还骑那辆老掉牙的自行车吗?
superannuation 
/ 9su:pE9rAnjU5eIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9AnjJ`eFEn/ n [U]1 superannuating 退休（有养老金）.  2 (money paid towards a) pension that one gets when one retires 退休金.
superb
/ su:5p\:b; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[b/ adj excellent; splendid 卓越的; 杰出的; 极好的: a superb player, painting, view 极好的运动员、 画、 景色 * The sports facilities are superb. 运动设施是第一流的. 
superbly 
adv.
supercharge
/ 5su:pEtFB:dV; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`tFBrdV/ v [Tn] increase the power of (an engine) by supplying air or fuel above the normal pressure 用增压法提高（发动机）的功率: a supercharged racing-car (engine) 提高功率的赛车（发动机）.
supercharger 
n device that supercharges an engine 增压器.
supercilious
/ 9su:pE5sIlIEs; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sIlIEs/ adj (derog 贬) thinking or showing that one thinks one is better than other people; arrogant and disdainful 自高自大的; 倨傲不逊的; 目空一切的: a supercilious person, smile, attitude 傲慢的人、 微笑、 态度 * The shop assistant was very supercilious towards me when I asked for some help. 我要买东西招呼售货员时, 那个售货员对我不屑一顾. 
superciliously 
adv. 
superciliousness 
n [U].
superconductivity
/ 9su:pE9kCndQk5tIvEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9kBndQk`tIvEtI/ n [U] (physics 物) property of certain metals, at temperatures near absolute zero, of having no electrical resistance, so that once a current is started it flows without a voltage to keep it going 超导电性.
superconductor 
/ 9su:pEkEn5dQktE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supLkEn`dQktL/ n metal that possesses superconductivity 超导体.
superficial
/ 9su:pE5fIFl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fIFEl/ adj  1 of or on the surface only 表面的; 在表面上的: a superficial wound 表皮的损伤 * Superficial scratches can be easily removed. 表层的划痕很容易除掉.  2 apparent when looked at quickly or carelessly, but perhaps not real 表面的（乍看起来的, 未必真实）: a superficial similarity 表面上的相似.  3 (a) not thorough or profound 肤浅的; 浅薄的: a superficial book, mind 立论肤浅的书、 浅薄无知的头脑 * have only a superficial knowledge of the subject 对这个问题仅略知皮毛. (b) (derog 贬) having no depth of character, feeling or commitment （性格、 感情或承诺方面）缺乏深度的, 停留在表面的: You're too superficial to appreciate great literature like this. 你没有钻劲, 无法欣赏这类文学巨著. 
superficiality 
/ 9su:pE9fIFI5AlEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9fIFI`AlEtI/ n [U]. 
superficially 
/ -FElI; -FElI/ adv: only superficially alike 仅仅表面上相似.
superfine
/ 5su:pEfaIn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`faIn/ adj extremely or unusually fine in size, texture or quality （规格、 质地或质量上）特级的, 最高档的, 精致的, 精制的: superfine flour, grains 精制的面粉、 谷物 * a superfine needle 小号缝纫针 * superfine silk 高档丝绸.
superfluous
/ su:5p\:flUEs; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[flJEs/ adj more than is needed or wanted 过多的; 过剩的; 多余的; 不必要的: Repack all the superfluous cups in the box. 把多余的杯子都重新装入箱中. * The crowd was so well-behaved that the police presence was superfluous. 群众秩序良好, 警方在场并无必要. * That remark was superfluous, ie It should not have been made, eg because it contributed nothing or was offensive. 那样的话多余说. * They were only interested in each other, so I felt rather superfluous, ie felt that I shouldn't be there. 他们只是意在对方, 所以我自觉多余在场.
superfluity 
/ 9su:pE5flUEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fluEtI/ n [U, sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) superfluous amount 多余的量; 过剩的量: have food in superfluity/a superfluity of food 有过剩的食物.
superfluously 
adv.
superhuman
/ 9su:pE5hju:mEn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`hjumEn/ adj exceeding normal human power, size, knowledge, etc （力量、 身材、 知识等）超乎常人的: It required superhuman effort to lift the huge boulder. 要搬起这块大石头需要有超人的力量. * Her intelligence seems almost superhuman. 她很聪明, 可谓才智超人.
superimpose
/ 9su:pErIm5pEUz; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErIm`poz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) put sth on top of sth else, esp so that what is underneath can still be seen, heard, etc 将某物置於另一物上（尤指後者仍可见、 可闻等）: a map of Great Britain superimposed on a map of Texas, eg to show comparative size 放在得克萨斯地图上的英国地图（如用以比较大小） * superimpose an English commentary on the original soundtrack 把英语解说加录到原声带上. 
superimposition 
/ 9su:pE9rImpE5zIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9ImpE`zIFEn/ n [U].
superintend
/ 9su:pErIn5tend; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErIn`tZnd/ v [Tn] (fml 文) manage and control (workers, their work, etc); supervise 管理,监督（工作人员、 工作等）; 主管: appointed to superintend(the staff in) the toy department 获任玩具部（全体员工）的负责人.
superintendence 
/ -Ens; -Ens/ n [U] (fml 文) superintending 管理; 监督; 主管: work done under the personal superintendence of the manager 在经理亲自监管下做的工作.
superintendent 
/ -Ent; -Ent/ n  1 person who superintends监管人; 主管人; 负责人: the park superintendent 公园管理员.  2 (in Britain) police officer next in rank above chief inspector （英国的）警务长.
superior
/ su:5pIErIE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`pIrIL/ adj  1 (a) better than average 优於一般水平的; 优良的; 优秀的; 优等的: a superior cloth, team, standard 上等布、 强队、 高水平 * a girl of superior intelligence 智力出众的女孩子 * This candidate is clearly superior. 这个候选人显然比别的候选人强. (b) ~ (to sb/sth) better, stronger, etc than sb/sth else （比某人[某事物]）好的、 强的等: Which of the two methods is superior? 这两种方法哪一种好? * The match will show who is the superior player. 这场比赛就能看出谁行谁不行. * This cloth is superior to that. 这种布比那种好. * The enemy forces were superior in numbers. 敌军在数量上占优势. * Which side has the superior weapons? 哪一方在武器上占优势?  2 ~ (to sb) higher in rank or position 级别或地位较高的: a superior court 上级法院 * A soldier must obey his superior officers. 军人应服从上级军官. * She works well with those superior to her in the firm. 她与公司中的那些上级主管合作愉快.  3 (derog 贬) showing that one thinks one is better than others 有优越感的: a superior smile, look, air, etc 带优越感的微笑、 样子、 神态等 * Don't be so superior! 别自以为了不起!  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) placed higher up; upper 位於较高处的; 上层的: a superior stratum of rock 上部岩石层. Cf 参看 inferior.
superior 
n  1 person of higher rank, position, etc 级别、 地位...高的人; 上级; 长官: obey one's superiors 服从上级.  2 person or thing that is better 较好的人或事物; 优胜者: She is my superior in knowledge, ie knows more than I do. 她比我有知识. * He has no superior as a Shakespearian actor. 他演莎士比亚戏剧无出其右.  3 (in titles) head of a religious community （用作称谓）宗教团体的领导: the Father Superior, eg an abbot 男修道院院长.
superiority 
/ su:9pIErI5CrEtI; ?@ -5R:r-; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ9pIrI`RrEtI/ n [U] ~ (in sth); ~ (to/over sth/sb) state of being superior 优秀; 优良; 优越; 优胜: the superiority of one thing to another 一事物之优於另一事物 * her superiority in talent 她才能之出众 * They won the battle because of their massive superiority in numbers. 他们人数远占优势而战斗获胜.
superiority complex 
(a) (psychology 心) state of mind that makes a person act as if he were better or more important than others although he actually feels that they are better, etc than him 优越情结（在自觉不如他人时, 反而故意表现出的优越感）. (b) (infml 口) too great a belief that one is better or more important than others 过强的优越感. Cf 参看 inferiority complex (inferior).
superlative
/ su:5p\:lEtIv; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[lEtIv/ adj  1 of the highest degree or quality 最高级的; 最好的: a superlative achievement, performance, meal 最佳成就、 表演、 饭菜 * This wine is quite superlative. 这种酒相当好.  2 (grammar) of adjectives or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, eg best, worst, slowest, most difficult （指形容词或副词）最高级的 （如best、 worst、 slowest、 most difficult）. Cf 参看 comparative 3.
superlative 
n superlative form of an adjective or adverb （形容词或副词的）最高级: a book review full of superlatives, ie expressions praising it highly 充满盛赞言辞的书评.
superlatively 
adv: She plays the mandolin superlativelywell. 她演奏曼陀林非常出色.
superman
/ 5su:pEmAn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9mAn/ n (pl -men / -men; -mZn/) manwith greater strength, ability, intelligence, etc than normalhumans; superhuman man （力量、 能力、 才智等）超常的人; 超人: He's a kind of intellectual superman. 他是智力超常的人.
supermarket
/ 5su:pEmB:kIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9mBrkIt/ n large shop selling food, household goods, etc which one takes from the shelves oneself and pays for at the exit 超级市场（开架出售食品、 日用品等的商场）.
supernatural
/ 9su:pE5nAtFrEl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`nAtFrEl/ adj that cannot be explained by natural or physical laws; of the world of spirits, magic, etc 超自然的（自然或物理规律无法解释的）; 神灵、 幻术等的: supernatural beings, eg angels and devils 超自然体（如天使和魔鬼） * witch-doctors believed to have supernatural powers 据信有超自然力量的巫医.
the supernatural 
n [sing] supernatural beings, events, etc 超自然体; 超自然的事物: an interest in the supernatural 对超自然事物的兴趣.
supernaturally 
/ -5ntFrElI; -`nAtFrElI/ adv.
supernova
/ 9su:pE5nEUvE; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`novE/ n (pl -vae / -vi:; -vi/ or ~s) (astronomy 天) star that suddenly becomes very much brighter as a result of an explosion 超新星（因爆炸而突然亮度大增的）. Cf 参看 nova.
supernumerary
/ 9su:pE5nju:mErErI; ?@ -5nu:mErerI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`numE9rZrI/ adj (fml 文) in excess of the normal number; extra 超过正常数目的; 额外的; 多余的: a supernumerary (ie sixth) finger 多出的手指（六指儿的）.
supernumerary 
n (fml 文) supernumerary person or thing 额外的或多余的人或事物.
superphosphate
/ 9su:pE5fCsfeIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fBsfet/ n fertilizer containing soluble phosphates 过磷酸盐（用作化肥）.
superpower
/ 5su:pEpaUE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`paJL/ n any of the most powerful nations in the world, esp the USA or former USSR 超级大国: [attrib 作定语] a superpower summit 超级大国最高级会议.
superscript
/ 5su:pEskrIpt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9skrIpt/ adj [attrib 作定语] written or printed just above a word, figure or symbol 上角标的（写或印在字、 数字或符号上面的）; 标在上方的: Different words with the same spelling are distinguished in this dictionary by superscript numbers. 本词典在同形异义词的右上角标注数字以资区别.
supersede
/ 9su:pE5si:d; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sid/ v [Tn] take the place of (sth/sb that was present or used before); be introduced so as to be used instead of (sth/sb) 代替, 取代, 接替（某事物[某人]）: Motorways have largely superseded ordinary roads for long-distance travel. 高速公路多已取代了普通公路. * Will factory workers be entirely superseded by machines one day? 工人将来能完全由机器取代吗?
supersonic
/ 9su:pE5sCnIk; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sBnIk/ adj (that can travel) faster than the speed of sound 超音速的; 超声速的: a supersonic aircraft 超音速飞机 * supersonic speeds 超过声速的速度. Cf 参看 subsonic.
superstar
/ 5su:pEstB:(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL9stBr/ n (infml 口) very famous and admired entertainer （娱乐界的）超级明星, 巨星: Hollywood superstars 好莱坞超级明星 * [attrib 作定语] superstar footballers 超级足球明星.
superstition
/ 9su:pE5stIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`stIFEn/ n [C, U]  1 (idea, practice, etc based on the) belief that certain events cannot be explained by human reason or physical laws; irrational fear of what is unknown or mysterious 迷信; 迷信的思想、 行为等; （对未知的或神秘的事物的）盲目恐惧: Ignorance and superstition prevent them from benefiting from modern medicine. 由於无知和迷信, 他们无法得到现代医学的好处.  2 idea or belief held by many people for no good or logical reason 很多人持有的并无充分根据的说法: It's just (a) superstition that you shouldn't walk under ladders. 不应该在梯子下面穿过, 人们都是这麽说说罢了.
superstitious 
/ -5stIFEs; -`stIFEs/ adj  1 of, based on or caused by superstition 迷信的; 根据迷信的; 由迷信引起的; 无充分根据的说法的: superstitious beliefs, ideas, practices 迷信的说法、 想法、 做法.  2 believing in superstitions 受迷信思想支配的: I always put my left shoe on first; I'm superstitious (about it). 我穿鞋总是先左後右, 我是很迷信（这件事）的. 
superstitiously 
adv.
superstore
/ 5su:pEstR:(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9stRr/ n very large shop in which groceries and/or larger types of goods (eg furniture) are sold as in a supermarket 超级商场（出售食品杂货和[或]大件商品（如家具）者）: a DIY superstore 出售成套零件供顾客自行装配的超级商场.
superstructure
/ 5su:pEstrQktFE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9strQktFL/ n  1 (a) structure built on top of sth else, eg the part of a building above the ground 上部结构, 上层建筑物（如建筑物的地面部分）. Cf 参看 substructure. (b) parts of a ship above the main deck 舰船主甲板上面的部分.  2 (esp in Marxist theory) institutions and culture that result from the economic system on which a society is based （尤指马克思理论中的）上层建筑.
supertanker
/ 5su:pEtANkE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9tANkL/ n very large tanker ship 超级油轮.
supertax
/ 5su:pEtAks; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9tAks/ n [U] additional tax on income, paid by those who earn a very large amount of money （对高收入者徵收的）附加所得税.
supervene
/ 9su:pE5vi:n; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`vin/ v [I] (fml 文) occur as an interruption or change 发生（因而干扰或变化）: She was working well until illness supervened. 她本来工作得很顺利, 但生病後情况就不同了. 
supervention 
/ -5venFn;-`vZnFEn/ n [U].
supervise
/ 5su:pEvaIz; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`vaIz/ v [I, Tn, Tng] watch or otherwise keep a check on (sb doing sth or sth being done) to make sure it is done properly 监督（某人做某事）; 察看并指导（工作）: The chief clerk supervises the work of the department. 文书组长负责监督该部门的工作. * I supervised the workers loading the lorry. 我监督工人把货物装上卡车.
supervision 
/ 9su:pE5vIVn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`vIVEn/ n [U] supervising or being supervised 监督; 管理; 指导: Children should not be left to play without supervision. 孩子玩儿的时候不能无人照看. * This drug should only be taken under the supervision of (ie as supervised by) a doctor. 此药须遵医嘱服用.
supervisor 
n person who supervises 监督人; 监察员; 管理人; 指导者: university students showing essays to their supervisor 把文章交给指导教师审阅的大学生. 
supervisory 
/ 5su:pEvaIzErI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; ?@ 9su:pE5vaIzErI; 9supL`vaIzErI/ adj supervising 监督的; 管理的; 指导的: supervisory duties 监督的职责 * a supervisory committee 监察委员会.
supine
/ 5su:paIn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:-; su`paIn/ adj (fml 文)  1 lying flat on the back,face upwards 仰卧的: a supine figure on the bed 仰卧在床上的人（绘画等中的）. Cf 参看 prone 1, prostrate 1.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) showing a weak or lazy unwillingness to act 消极的; 懒散的; 没精打采的: accept unfair treatment in supine submission 以消极的态度接受不公平的待遇. 
supinely 
adv.
supper
/ 5sQpE(r); `sQpL/ n [C, U] last meal of the day, usu less large and less formal than dinner 晚饭; 晚餐: have cold meat for supper 晚饭吃凉肉 * have a late supper 很晚才吃晚饭 * eat very little supper 晚饭吃得很少. =>Usage at dinner 用法见 dinner.
supper-time 
n [U] time at which supper is (usu) eaten 晚饭时间.
supplant
/ sE5plB:nt; sE`plAnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) take the place of (sb/sth); replace 取代（某人[某事物]）; 代替: Oil has supplanted coffee as our main export. 我们的主要出口货已由原来的咖啡改为石油了. * The party leader has been supplanted by his rival. 那位党的领导人已被其对手取而代之. * She has been supplanted by another in his affections, ie He now loves sb else. 他爱上了另一个女人, 不再爱她了.
supple
/ 5sQpl; `sQpl/ adj (-r, -st) bent or bending easily; not stiff; flexible 易弯曲的; 柔软的; 灵活的: the supple limbs of a child 儿童的柔软四肢 * Exercise keeps you supple. 经常锻炼可使身体灵活. * She has a supple mind, ie is quick to respond to ideas. 她头脑灵活. 
supplely (also supply) 
/ 5sQplI; `sQplI/ adv. 
suppleness 
n [U].
supplement
/ 5sQplImEnt; `sQplEmEnt/ n  1 ~ (to sth) thing added to sth else to improve or complete it 增补的事物; 补充: The money I get from teaching the piano is a useful supplement to my ordinary income. 我教钢琴挣的钱是一笔很管用的外快.  2 (a) ~ (to sth) book, section of a book, etc that gives further information, treats a special subject, etc （书等的）补编, 补遗, 附录: the supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary 《牛津英语大辞典》补编. (b) additional section added to a newspaper （报纸的）增刊: the colour supplements of the Sunday newspapers 星期日报纸的彩色增刊.  3 extra amount of money paid for an additional service, item, etc （为增加的服务、 项目等支付的）额外费用, 附加费: a 10 supplement for a single room with a shower 带淋浴间的单人房间需付10英镑附加费.
supplement 
/ 5sQplIment; `sQplE9mZnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) add to or complete sth with sth else 增加或补充某事物: I supplement my grant by working in the evenings. 我除享受助学金外还打夜工以增加收入. * She supplements her diet with vitamin tablets. 她服用维生素片剂以补充规定食谱中的营养.
supplementary
/ 9sQplI5mentrI; ?@ -terI; 9sQplE`mZntErI/~ (to sth)  1 additional; extra 增补的; 补充的; 附加的: a supplementary payment, lecture, item 额外的付款、 讲座、 项目.  2 (mathematics 数) (of an angle) making a total of 180 with another angle （指角）补角的.
supplementary benefit 
(in Britain) money paid regularly by the State to poor people （在英国）（政府定期发给穷人的）补助金: a family (living) on supplementary benefit 依靠补助金（生活）的家庭. Cf 参看 welfare 3.
suppliant
/ 5sQplIEnt; `sQplIEnt/ n, adj (fml 文) (person) asking humbly for sth 恳求的（人）: kneel as a suppliant at the altar, ie praying to God for sth 跪在祭坛前祈求（向上帝祈祷） * in a suppliant attitude 以恳切的态度.
supplicate
/ 5sQplIkeIt; `sQplI9ket/ v [Ipr, Tn, Cn.t] ~ (for) sth (fml 文) ask (sb) humbly or pleadingly for sth 恳求, 哀求, 祈求, 央求（某人）: supplicate for pardon 恳求原谅 * supplicate sb's forgiveness, ie ask sb to forgive one 乞求某人宽恕 * supplicate sb to help 向某人求助.
supplicant 
/ 5sQplIkEnt; `sQplIkEnt/ n (fml 文) person who supplicates; suppliant 恳求的人.
supplication 
/ 9sQplI5keIFn; 9sQplI`keFEn/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) supplicating 恳求; 哀求; 祈求; 央求; 祈祷: He was deaf to my supplications. 我恳求他, 他连理都不理. * kneel in supplication 跪著祈祷.
supply
/ sE5plaI; sE`plaI/ v (pt, pp supplied)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb); ~ sb (with sth) give sb sth that is needed or useful; provide sb with sth 供给或供应某人所需或可用的物品; 向某人提供某物: a company supplying heating oil (to homes) （向住户）供应燃油的公司 * supply consumers with gas, electricity, etc 向消费者提供煤气、 电力等 * He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I wrote the report. 我写报告时, 他一直不停地给我一杯杯续咖啡.  2 [Tn] provide enough (of sth) for (a need); fulfil 提供足够的（某物）以满足（需要）: Will the new power-station be able to supply our cheap energy requirements? 新建的发电厂能够满足我们对廉价能源的需求吗?
supply 
n  1 [U] supplying or being supplied 供给; 供应; 补给: a contract for the supply of office stationery 供应办公文具的合同 * You promised us fuel, but can you guarantee its supply? 你答应给我们提供燃料, 但能保证供应吗? * a reliable source of supply 可靠的来源 * [attrib 作定语] a supply train 运送补给品的列车.  2 [C often pl 常作复数] thing that is supplied; stock or store of things provided or available 供给之物; 供应品; 补给品; 贮备; 存货; 现货: the water-supply 供水 * a supply of reading-matter for the journey 为旅途提供的读物 * arms, food, fuel supplies 武器、 食物、 燃料贮备 * Have we got enough supplies of coal? 我们贮存的煤够用吗? * Helicopters dropped supplies (ie of food, etc) for the stranded villagers. 直升飞机给受困的村民空投了物资.  3 (idm 习语) in short supply => short1. sup,ply and de`mand (esp economics 尤用於经济) the amount of goods, etc available and the amount wanted by consumers, the relationship between which is regarded as controlling prices 供求关系.
supplier 
/ sE5plaIE(r); sE`plaIL/ n person or firm supplying goods, etc 供应者（人或公司）.
supply teacher 
teacher employed to do the work of any other teacher who is absent through illness, etc 代课教师.
support
/ sE5pR:t; sE`pRrt/ v  1 [Tn] bear the weight of (sth/sb); hold in position; carry 承受（某物[某人]）的重量; 支撑; 扶持: a beam supporting a roof 支承屋顶的横梁 * Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗? * He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀著他.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) help sb/sth by one's approval or sympathy or by giving money （用表示赞同或同情或给钱）帮助某人[某事物]; 支持; 支援; 资助: support a cause, political party, reform 支持某事业、 政党、 改革 * donate money to support a charity 捐款赞助慈善事业 * The directors were trying to get rid of her, but her staff all supported her. 董事都想把她撤掉, 可是她那部门的人员全都支持她. * The American public stopped supporting the war in Vietnam. 美国公众不再支持美国在越南进行的战争了. * Will you support me in my campaign for election? 你支持我参加竞选吗? (b) [Tn] be a regular customer of or visitor to (sth); be a fan of (a team, etc) 经常光顾（某处）; 为（某队等）捧场: Support your local theatre: buy tickets regularly! 请大力支持本地剧院, 欢迎经常光临! * Which football team do you support? 你是哪个足球队的球迷?  3 [Tn] help to show that (a theory, claim, etc) is true; confirm 支持（某理论、 主张等）; 证实; 肯定: a theory that is not supported by the facts 缺乏事实根据的理论 * This evidence supports my argument that she is guilty. 这一证据支持了我认为她有罪的推定.  4 [Tn] provide (sb) with the necessary money, etc to buy food, accommodation,etc 资助, 供养, 赡养（某人）: I was supported by my parents when I was studying. 我求学期间由父母供养.  5 [Tn] provide enough food and water to keep (sb/sth) alive （提供食物和水）维持（某人[某物]）的生命: Such a barren desert can support very few creatures. 在这样荒瘠的沙漠里, 很少生物能够存活.
support 
n  1 [U] ~ (for sth) ��bsupporting or being supported 支撑; 扶持; 支持; 支援; 资助; 供养; 维持: adequate support for the great weight of the crane 对起重机巨大重量的足够的支承力 * a proposal that received no, little, not much, etc support 没有人、 很少有人、 没有多少人...支持的建议 * I need some financial support for this venture. 我需要一些财务赞助来兴办这一企业. * Can I rely on your support (ie Will you vote for me) in this election? 在此次选举中你能支持我吗? * She is without any visible means of support, ie has no work, income, etc. 她生活无著（无工作、 收入等）.  2 [C] thing that supports or bears the weight of sth 支撑物; 支柱; 支座; 支架: wearing an athletic support 穿著下体护身 * supports holding up a collapsing wall 支撑危墙的柱子.  3 [C] person who gives help, sympathy, etc 给予帮助、 同情等的人: Jim was a great support to us when father died. 父亲死後, 吉姆给了我们巨大的帮助.  4 [U] people who support a political party, team, etc （政党、 球队等的）支持者, 拥护者: The theatre has had to close for lack of support. 这家剧院光顾者寡只好关闭.  5 (idm 习语) in sup`port (eg of troops) in reserve; ready to give support （如指军队等）後备的, 准备给予支援的: We have ten people to do the cooking, with several more in support. 我们有十个人做饭, 还有几个人可随时来帮忙. in support of sb/sth supporting sb/sth; in favour of sb/sth 支持或支援某人[某事物]: speak in support of a ban on arms supplies 讲话支持武器禁运.
supportable 
adj (fml 文)  1 that can be supported 禁得住的; 可承受的; 供养得起的.  2 (used in negative sentences 用於否定句中) that can be tolerated 可忍受的: Such rudeness is scarcely supportable. 这种粗暴的行为让人难以容忍.
supporter 
n person who supports a political party, team, etc （政党、 球队等的）支持者, 拥护者: The government's supporters welcomed the new law. 拥护政府的人都欢迎新颁布的法规.
supporting 
adj [attrib 作定语] (in the theatre and cinema) of secondary importance （戏剧和电影中）次要的: a supporting actor/cast/part/role 配角演员 * a supporting film, eg one that is shown before the main film 电影加片.
supportive 
/ sE5pR:tIv; sE`pRrtIv/ adj (approv 褒) giving help, encouragement or sympathy 给予帮助、 鼓励或同情的; 支持的; 支援的; 赞助的: She has been very supportive during my illness. 我患病期间她帮了我很大忙.
suppose
/ sE5pEUz; sE`poz/ v  1 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] accept as true or probable; believe; imagine; assume 认定; 认为; 以为; 猜想; 料想; 假定: What do you suppose he wanted? 你认为他想要什麽? * What makes you suppose (that) I'm against it? 你根据什麽认为我反对这件事? * I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree, ie I'm sure that he won't. 我认为他决不同意. * She'll be there today, I suppose. 我想她今天能到那儿去. * `Will he come?' `Yes, I suppose so.' ｀他来吗?＇｀对, 我想他能来.＇ * I suppose you want to borrow money from me again? ie showing annoyance 我猜你又要找我借钱了吧? * I don't suppose you could help me (ie Please help me) with my homework. 请你帮助我做家庭作业吧. * It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般都认为此事不会再发生. * (fml 文) Everyone supposes him (to be) poor, but he is really quite wealthy. 大家都以为他穷, 实际上他很阔. * It was widely supposed to have been lost during the war. 普遍认为那东西在战争期间丢失了.  2 [Tn, Tf, Cn.t] pretend that (sth) is true; take (sth) as a fact 假定或假设（某事物）属实; 认定（某事物）: a theory which supposes the existence of other worlds besides our own 假定除地球外还存在其他有生命的天体的理论 * Suppose (that) the news is true: what then? 假定这消息是真的, 那又怎样? * Suppose you had a million pounds  how would you spend it? 假如你有一百万镑--你怎麽花呢?  3 [Tf] (used in the imperative, to make a suggestion 用於祈使句, 用以提出建议) consider as a proposal 作为建议来考虑: Suppose we go (ie Let's go) for a swim! 咱们去游泳吧!  4 [Tn] (fml 文) require (sth) as a condition 须以（某事物）为条件: Creation supposes a creator. 有了创造者, 才能有创造.  5 (idm 习语) be supposed to do sth (a) be expected or required to do sth (by rules, custom, etc) 被期望或被要求（按规则、 惯例等）做某事: Am I supposed to (ie Should I) clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫所有的房间, 还是只这一间? * You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五结清这笔帐. * They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 他们应该在一小时以前到达这里. (b) (infml 口) (used in negative sentences 用於否定句中) be allowed to do sth 获准做某事: You're not supposed to play football in the class-room. 在教室里是不准踢足球的.
supposed 
/ sE5pEUzd; sE`pozd/ adj [attrib 作定语] wrongly believed or said to be the specified thing 误信的; 误传的; 信以为真的: His supposed generosity is merely a form of self-interest. 他貌似慷慨, 不过是变相的利己而已. * The supposed beggar was really a police officer in disguise. 那个众人眼中的乞丐, 其实是化了装的警察. supposedly / sE5pEUzIdlI; sE`pozIdlI/ adv according to what is supposed (but not known for certain) 根据推测; 据认为; 据称; 大概; 可能: This picture is supposedly worth more than a million pounds. 这幅画大概值一百万镑以上.
supposing 
conj (also supposing that) if we assume the fact or the possibility that; if 假定; 假设; 假如: Supposing (that) it rains, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话, 我们在室内比赛行吗?
supposition
/ 9sQpE5zIFn; 9sQpE`zIFEn/ n  1 [U] supposing 假定; 猜想; 推测: a newspaper article based on supposition, ie only on what the writer supposes to be true, not on fact 根据臆想写出的报刊文章 * We must not condemn her on pure supposition. 我们不能单凭臆测而谴责她.  2 [C] ~ (that...) thing supposed; guess 假 定的事物; 猜测: Our suppositions were fully confirmed. 我们猜测的事已全部证实. * I am proceeding on the supposition that..., ie by assuming it to be true that... 我假定....
suppository
/ sE5pCzItrI; ?@ -tR:rI; sE`pBzE9tRrI/ n piece of a medicinal substance placed in the rectum or vagina to dissolve 栓剂（外用药, 置入直肠或阴道内使之融化）; 坐药.
suppress
/ sE5pres; sE`prZs/ v [Tn]  1 put an end to (sth), esp by force; crush 制止（尤指凭藉武力）; 镇压; 平定: suppress an uprising, a revolt, etc 镇压起义、 叛乱等.  2 (a) (usu derog 通常作贬义) prevent (sth) from being known or seen 防止（某事物）被人知道或看到; 查禁或禁止发表（某事物）: suppress the truth about sth 隐瞒某事物的真相 * suppress a newspaper, ie prevent it from being published 查禁一家报纸 * Are the police suppressing some evidence? 警方是否隐瞒了一些证据? * The dictator tried to suppress all criticism of him. 那独裁者竭力压制一切批评他的言论. (b) prevent (esp one's feelings) from being expressed 抑制, 压抑（尤指感情）: suppress one's anger, amusement, etc 抑制愤怒、 欢娱等心情而不形於色 * He could scarcely suppress a laugh. 他忍不住要笑出声来.
suppressible 
adj that can be suppressed 可制止的; 可禁止的; 可抑制住的: anger that was barely suppressible 难以抑制的愤怒.
suppression 
/ sE5preFn; sE`prZFEn/ n [U] suppressing or being suppressed 制止; 镇压; 查禁; 抑制: the suppression of a revolt, the facts 对叛乱的镇压、 对事实的隐瞒 * the suppression of one's anger, etc 抑制愤怒.
suppressor 
n  1 person or thing that suppresses 制止者; 镇压者; 查禁者; 起抑制作用的事物.  2 device fitted to an electrical apparatus to stop it causing interference on radio or television sets 干扰抑制器（安装在用电器上, 可防止用电器对收音机或电视机产生干扰）.
suppurate
/ 5sQpjUreIt; `sQpjE9ret/ v [I] (fml 文) (of a wound, etc) have a thick yellow liquid (pus) forming inside it because of infection （指伤口等）化脓: asuppurating sore 化脓的疮. 
suppuration 
/ 9sQpjU5reIFn;9sQpjE`reFEn/ n [U].
supra-
/ 5su:prE; `suprE/ pref 前缀 above; beyond 在...之上; 超: supranational, ie going beyond national boundaries.
supreme
/ su:5pri:m; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prim/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 highest in authority, rank or degree （权力、 级别或地位）最高的; 至高无上的: the supreme ruler of a vast empire 一个庞大帝国的最高统治者 * (fig 比喻) After a year without defeat, the team now reigns supreme as the finest in the country. 该队一年来所向无敌, 现已称雄全国.  2 most important; greatest 最重要的; 最大的: make the supreme sacrifice, eg die for what one believes in 做出最大的牺牲（如为信仰而捐躯） * Winning an Olympic gold medal was, I suppose, the supreme moment of my life. 我认为我荣获奥运会金牌时是我一生中最重要的时刻.
supremacy 
/ su:5premEsI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prZmEsI/ n ~ (over sb/sth) [U] being supreme; position of the highest power, authority or status 至高无上; 最高权力; 最高权威; 最高地位: achieve military supremacy over neighbouring countries 获得超越邻国的军事优势 * challenging Japan's supremacy in the field of electronics 争夺日本在电子学领域中占据的领先地位 * the dangerous notion of white supremacy, ie that white races are better than others and should control them 白人至高无上的危险观念（认为白色人种优於其他人种因而应成为主宰者）. 
supremacist
/ su:5premEsIst; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prZmEsIst/ n: white supremacists 白人至上主义者.
supremely 
/ su:5pri:mlI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`primlI/ adv in a supreme way; extremely 至高无上地; 极度地: supremely happy 极其快乐.
the ,Supreme `Being 
(fml 文) God 上主; 上帝.
the Supreme Court 
the highest court in a state of the US or in the whole of the US （美国各州或联邦）最高法院.
the Supreme Soviet 
the law-making body of the former Soviet Union 最高苏维埃（前苏联的立法机构）.
Supt
abbr 缩写 = Superintendent (esp in the police force 尤用於警界): Supt (George) Hill （乔治·）希尔警务长.
surcharge
/ 5s\:tFB:dV; `s[9tFBrdV/ n  1 ~ (on sth) payment that is demanded in addition to the usual charge 增付的费用; 增收费; 附加费: a 10% surcharge on the price of a holiday 在度假费用之外增收的10%附加费.  2 mark printed over a postage stamp, changing its value （加盖在邮票上的）改值印记.
surcharge 
/ s\:5tFB:dV; s[`tFBrdV/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb (on sth) demand a surcharge from sb 向某人索取额外费用: They've surcharged us 10% on the price of the holiday because of a rise in air fares. 因飞机票涨价, 他们在度假费用中向我们增收了10%附加费.
surd
/ s\:d; s[d/ n (mathematics 数) mathematical quantity, esp a root, that cannot be expressed as an ordinary number or quantity 不尽根: The square root of 5 (5) is a surd. 5 的平方根（5）是不尽根.
sure
/ FR:(r); ?@ FUEr; FJr/ adj (-r, -st)  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (of/about sth); ~ that...; ~ what, etc... not doubting or seeming to doubt what one believes, knows, etc; confident that one is right 无疑; 确实; 自信; 有把握: I think he's coming, but I'm not quite sure. 我想他会来的, 但是不太有把握. * I'm not sure when I saw her last. 我不能确定上一次看见她是什麽时候. * Are you sure of your facts? 你能肯定你的资料属实吗? * If you're not sure how to do it, ask me. 假若你拿不准怎样做, 就来问我好了. * Can we be sure that she's honest? 我们能相信她是诚实的吗? * I think the answer's right but I'm not absolutely sure about it. 我认为这答案是正确的, 但是没有绝对的把握. * Jane is reliable, but I'm not so sure about Jim. 简是信得过的, 至於吉姆, 我就不敢说了. * She felt sure that she had done the right thing. 她确信自己做得对.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth certain to receive, win, etc sth 一定会获得、 赢得...某事物: You're sure of a warm welcome. 你一定会受到热烈欢迎的. * Can I be sure of a profit if I invest? 我要是投资, 肯定能获利吗? * You're sure of passing the exam if you work hard. 只要用功, 就一定能考及格.  3 ~ to do sth definitely going to do sth; certain to do sth 肯定要做某事的; 一定做某事的: It's sure to rain. 肯定要下雨. * You're sure to fail if you do it that way. 你那样做一定失败.  4 undoubtedly true 无可置疑的; 千真万确的: in the sure and certain knowledge of her guilt 在确确实实知道她有罪的情况下 * One thing is sure: we've won a great victory! 有一点是确切无疑的: 我们已取得了巨大的胜利! =>Usage at certain 用法见certain.  5 (usu attrib 通常作定语) proven and reliable; trustworthy 经证明可靠的; 可信的: no sure remedy for a cold 没有包治感冒的灵丹妙药 * There's only one sure way to do it. 做此事只有一种万全之策. * She has always been a sure friend. 她一直就是靠得住的朋友.  6 not deviating or wavering; steady and confident 不偏离的; 不动摇的; 稳而有信心的: She drew the outline with a sure hand. 她笔力雄健地画出了轮廓.  7 (idm 习语) be sure to do sth; be sure and do sth don't fail to do sth 务必做某事: Be sure (to write) and tell me all your news. 务必（来信）把你的所有情况都告诉我. for sure (infml 口) without doubt 无疑: I think he lives there but I couldn't say for sure. 我想他是住在那里的, 但我不敢肯定. make sure (of sth/that...) (a) find out whether sth is definitely so 把某事物弄清楚; 核实或查明某事物: I think the door's locked, but I'd better go and make sure (it is). 我想门已经锁了, 但我最好还是去查看一下. (b) do sth to ensure that sth happens 设法确保出现某事物: arrangements to make sure that the visit goes well 为使参观得以顺利进行而做的安排. sure of oneself (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (too) confident of one's own abilities, etc; self-confident （过於）自信: You seem very sure of yourself, young man! 小伙子, 你未免太自信了吧! ,sure `thing (infml 口 esp US) yes; of course 是的; 当然: `Do you want to come too?' `Sure thing!' ｀你也想来吗?＇｀当然了!＇ to be `sure (fml 文) I cannot deny (that); admittedly 无可否认; 诚然: He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working. 他聪明是聪明, 但是不怎麽勤奋.
sure 
adv  1 (infml 口 esp US) certainly 的确; 当然: It sure was cold! 确实很冷!  2 (idm 习语) (as) sure as eggs is `eggs, as `fate, as I'm standing `here, etc (infml 口) very certainly 的的确确; 千真万确: He's dead, as sure as eggs is eggs. 他确实死了. ,sure e`nough (used to introduce a statement that confirms a previous prediction, etc 用以表示所说的与预料的相符): I said it would happen, and sure enough it did. 我说过要有这样的事, 果然如此.
sureness 
n [U] quality of being sure(4,6) 确切性; 真切; 沉稳: a picture that shows the artist's sureness of touch 显示出画家苍劲笔力的一幅画.
sure-fire 
adj [attrib 作定语] certain to happen, be successful, etc 一定会发生、 成功等的: a ,sure-fire suc`cess 必定的胜利 * This is a sure-fire way to get publicity. 这样做就一定能引人注目.
sure-footed 
adj not likely to fall when walking or climbing 脚步稳的; 不会摔倒的. 
sure-footedly 
adv. 
sure-footedness 
n [U].
surely
/ 5FR:lI; ?@ 5FUErlI; `FJrlI/ adv  1 without doubt; certainly 无疑; 当然: He will surely fail. 他必定失败. * This will surely cause problems. 这肯定会出问题的.  2 (used to show that the speaker is (almost) certain of what he is saying, or to express surprise at sth 用以表示说话者对所说的内容（几乎）确信无疑, 或表示对某事物感到惊奇): This is surely her best play. 这无疑是她最好的剧作. * Surely I've met you before somewhere. 我一定在什麽地方和你见过面. * Surely they won't refuse? 难道他们不拒绝吗? * Surely you're not going to eat that! 好家伙, 你不至於吃那种东西吧! * He has refused to help? Surely not! 他已拒绝给予援助了吗? 决不可能! * `That's his wife.' `His sister, surely?' ｀那是他的妻子.＇｀是他妹妹吧?＇  3 (infml 口 esp US) of course; yes 当然; 可以: `Can I borrow your car?' `Surely.' ｀我用一下你的汽车可以吗?＇｀当然可以.＇  4 (idm 习语) slowly but surely => slowly (slow1).
surety
/ 5FR:rEtI; ?@ 5FUErtI; `FJrtI/ n [C, U]  1 (money, etc given as a) guarantee that sb will pay his debts, perform a duty, etc 担保; 保证; 保证金; 担保品: offer 100 as (a) surety 愿出100英镑作保证金.  2 person who makes himself responsible for the payment of debts, etc by sb else 担保人; 保证人: stand (ie act as a) surety for sb 做某人的担保人.
surf
/ s\:f; s[f/ n [U] (white foam on) waves breaking on the seashore 拍打在海岸上四处飞溅的波浪; 拍岸之白色浪花: splashing about in the surf 在拍岸的浪花中戏水.
surf 
v [I] (usu 通常作 go surfing) stand or lie on a surfboard and allow the surf to carry one towards the shore, as a sport 作冲浪运动; 冲浪. 
surfer 
n.
surfboard 
n long narrow board used for surfing 冲浪板. =>illus 见插图.
surface
/ 5s\:fIs; `s[fIs/ n  1 [C] (a) outside of an object （物体的）表面: the surface of a sphere, a ball, the earth 球体、 球、 地球的表面 * [attrib 作定语] the surface area of the brain 大脑的表层. (b) any of the sides of an object （物体的）面: A cube has six surfaces. 立方体有六个面. (c) uppermost area or layer of sth 最上面的部分; 表层; 面层: the rough surface of the wall 那墙的粗糙表面 * an asphalt road surface 柏油路面 * The insect's sting penetrates the surface of the skin. 昆虫的螫针能够刺穿皮肤的表层. * wipe all the surfaces in the kitchen, ie the walls, the tops and sides of furniture, etc 把厨房的一切表面揩乾净（墙及家具等的各面） * [attrib 作定语] a surface layer 表层 * a surface wound, ie not a deep one 轻度创伤 * a surface worker, ie a miner who works above ground 在井上工作的矿工 * surface noise, ie unwanted noise caused by dust, static electricity, etc on a record when it is being played （放唱片时由尘埃、 静电等引起的）（唱针）划纹噪声, （唱片）纹噪声.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] top of a body of liquid, eg the sea 液面; 水面（如海面）: The submarine rose to the surface. 潜艇露出了水面. * the frozen surface of the lake 结冰的湖面 * [attrib 作定语] a surface vessel, ie an ordinary ship, not a submarine 水面舰船（一般舰船, 与潜艇相对）.  3 [sing] (fig 比喻) qualities of sb or sth that are easily seen, contrasted with deeper or hidden ones （人或事物的）表象, 外表, 外观: Beneath her self-confident surface, she's quite unsure of herself. 她看上去信心十足, 实际上很缺乏信心. * You must not look only at the surface of things. 看事物不能只看到表面现象. * [attrib 作定语] surface politeness, ie concealing anger, etc 勉强装出的礼貌（隐藏著愤怒等） * surface impressions, ie ones gained too quickly, without proper thought or observation 肤浅的印象.  4 (idm 习语) on the `surface when not observed, thought about, etc deeply or thoroughly; superficially 在表面上; 在外表上: The scheme seems on the surface to be quite practical. 这方案表面上看来似乎很实际. * On the surface, she's a charming, helpful person. 从表面上看, 她又很动人又肯助人. scratch the surface => scratch1.
surface 
v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a surface(1c) on sth 在某物上加表层: surface a road (with tarmac) （用柏油碎石）铺路面 * a wall surfaced with plaster 用灰泥饰面的墙.  2 [I] (of a submarine, skin-diver, etc) come up to the surface of a body of water （指潜艇、 赤身潜水者等）浮到水面.  3 [I] (infml 口) (a) appear again after a period of remaining unseen, hidden, away from others, etc （隐蔽、 隐藏、 离开他人等一段时间後）重新出现: After living abroad for years, she suddenly surfaced again in London. 她在国外居住多年之後, 突然在伦敦重新露面了. * Their old rivalry soon surfaced when they met again. 他们重逢时, 昔日之明争暗斗旋即死灰复燃. (b) wake from sleep or unconsciousness 睡醒; 恢复知觉: He finally surfaced at midday. 他终於在中午时醒过来了.
surface mail 
letters, etc carried by road, rail or sea, not by air 陆路邮件, 水路邮件（别於航空邮件）.
surface tension 
property of liquids by which they form a film or layer at their surface and make its area as small as possible 表面张力.
surface-to-air 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of missiles, etc) fired from the ground or from ships, aimed at aircraft （指导弹等）地对空的, 舰对空的.
surfeit
/ 5s\:fIt; `s[fIt/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) too much of sth, esp of food and drink 过量, 过度（尤指饮食）: A surfeit of rich food is bad for you. 多吃油腻食物对身体有害. * There has been a surfeit of plays about divorce on the television recently. 最近有关离婚的电视剧过多.
surfeit 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with/on sth) (fml 文) provide sb/oneself with too much of sth, esp food 向某人[自己]过多地提供某物（尤指食物）: surfeit oneself with fruit 吃水果过多 * be surfeited with pleasure 作乐过度.
surge
/ s\:dV; s[dV/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move forward in or like waves 在浪涛中或如同波浪般前进: the surging tide 汹涌的潮水 * The floods surged along the valley. 洪水沿著山谷滚滚流动. * The crowd surged (past) into the stadium. 观众涌入了体育场.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) arise suddenly and intensely 急剧上升: Anger surged (up) within him. 他怒火中烧.
surge 
n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of/in sth)  1 forward or upward movement 向前或向上的运动: the surge of the sea 大海的翻腾.  2 sudden occurrence or increase 突然发生; 激增: a surge of anger, pity, etc 一阵怒气、 怜悯等 * There's a surge in electricity demand at around 7 pm. 晚上 7 点钟左右是用电高峰时间.
surgeon
/ 5s\:dVEn; `s[dVEn/ n doctor who performs surgical operations 外科医师: a heart surgeon 心脏外科医师. Cf 参看 physician.
surgery
/ 5s\:dVErI; `s[dVErI/ n  1 [U] treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body 外科; 手术: qualified in surgery and medicine 内外 科合格的 * prepare the patient for surgery 给病人做术前准备 * He underwent open-heart surgery. 他接受了体外循环心脏手术. * cosmetic surgery 美容外科.  2 (Brit) (a) [C] place where a doctor, dentist, etc sees his patients （医师的）门诊处, 诊所. (b) [U] time during which a doctor, etc is available to see patients at his surgery 门诊时间: Surgery lasts from 9 am to 10 am. 门诊时间为上午9时至10时. * [attrib 作定语] `surgery hours 门诊时间.  3 [C] (Brit infml 口) time when a Member of Parliament can be consulted by the people he represents （议员对选民的）接待时间: She holds her surgery on Fridays at 6 pm. 她星期五下午6时接待选民.
surgical
/ 5s\:dVIkl; `s[dVIkl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of, by or for surgery 外科的; 外科手术的; 外科用的: surgical instruments, treatment, skills 外科器械、 治疗、 技术 * a surgical ward, ie for patients having operations 外科病房 * a surgical stocking, ie one specially designed to support an injured or diseased leg 外科治疗袜（用以支撑腿部的袜状物）. 
surgically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: a tumour removed surgically 经手术切除的肿瘤.
surgical spirit (Brit) (US `rubbing alcohol) 
clearliquid, consisting mainly of alcohol, used for cleaning wounds, etc 消毒用的酒精（用以清洗伤口等）.
surly
/ 5s\:lI; `s[lI/ adj (-ier, -iest) bad-tempered and unfriendly 脾气坏的; 乖戾的; 不友好的: a surly person, look, refusal 粗暴的人、 样子、 拒绝 * Don't look so surly! 别那麽横眉立目的! 
surliness 
n [U].
surmise
/ sE5maIz; sL`maIz/ v [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) suppose (sth) without having evidence that makes it certain; guess 猜测（某事物）; 猜想; 揣测: With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position/where they are. 我们没有探险者的消息, 只能猜测他们现在所处的位置. * We surmised that he must have had an accident. 我们猜想他一定出事了.
surmise 
/ 5s\:maIz; `s[maIz/ n [C, U] (fml 文) guess(ing) 猜测; 猜想: Your first surmise was right. 你第一次猜得对. * This is pure surmise. 这纯属臆测.
surmount
/ sE5maUnt; sL`maJnt/ v  1 [Tn] deal with (a difficulty, etc); overcome 克服（困难等）; 战胜: We had many problems to surmount before we could start the project. 我们得克服许多困难才能著手做这项工作.  2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] be or be placed on top of (sth tall) 处於或置於（某高物）的顶端: A weather-vane surmounts the spire/The spire is surmounted by a weather-vane. 风向标装置在尖塔上[尖塔上装有风向标].
surmountable 
adj (of difficulties, etc) that can be overcome （指困难等）可克服的.
surname
/ 5s\:neIm; `s[9nem/ n name shared by all the members of a family 姓; 姓氏: Smith is a common English surname. 史密斯是常见的英国姓. =>Usage at name1 用法见 name1.
surnamed 
adj [pred 作表语] having a specified surname 姓...的: a boy surnamed Harris 姓哈里斯的男孩.
surpass
/ sE5pB:s; ?@ -5ps; sL`pAs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (fml 文) do or be better than sb/sth; exceed sb/sth 优於或超过某人[某事物]: surpass sb in speed, strength, skill 在速度、 力量、 技术上超过某人 * It will be hard to surpass this very high score. 要超过这麽高的分数是很难的. * The beauty of the scenery surpassed all my expectations. 我万万没想到风景那麽漂亮.
surpassing 
adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) of high quality or degree; exceptional 出色的; 卓越的; 格外的: surpassing beauty 绝色美人. 
surpassingly 
adv.
surplice
/ 5s\:plIs; `s[plIs/ n loose (usu white) outer garment with wide sleeves worn by priests and singers in the choir during religious services （教士及唱诗班成员於举行仪式时穿的）罩衣（通常为白色）.
surplus
/ 5s\:plEs; `s[plEs/ n [C, U]  1 amount left over after one has used all that one needs; amount by which money received is greater than money spent 剩余（额）; 过剩; 盈余; 顺差: Surpluses of food can be sold for cash. 多余的食物可卖钱. * We have a trade surplus of 400 million. 我们有 4 亿英镑的贸易顺差. * a time of great surplus followed by a time of shortage 物资大量过剩时期, 随之而来的物资短缺时期 * [attrib 作定语] an army surplus store, ie one selling clothes, equipment, etc no longer needed by the army 剩余军用物资商店（出售军服、 装备品等的）. Cf 参看 deficit.  2 (idm 习语) in `surplus having a surplus 有剩余; 有盈余: Our trade is in surplus, ie We are exporting more than we are importing. 我国贸易出现出超（出口量大於进口量）.
surplus 
adj ~ (to sth) more than is needed or used 剩余的; 过剩的: surplus labour, ie workers for whom there are no jobs 剩余劳动力 * a sale of surplus stock 剩余存货廉价出售 * This food is surplus to requirements. 这种食物供过於求.
surprise
/ sE5praIz; sL`praIz/ n  1 (a) [U] feeling caused by sth happening suddenly or unexpectedly 惊奇; 惊讶: Their defeat caused little surprise, ie was expected. 他们的失败不足为奇. * To my surprise, the plan succeeded. 我感到惊奇的是那计画竟然成功了. * Imagine our surprise on seeing her there. 你想想, 我们在那里看见她时, 是多麽吃惊啊. * She looked up in surprise when I shouted. 我叫喊时, 她吃惊地抬起头来看. * He expressed surprise that no one had offered to help. 谁都不肯帮忙, 他感到诧异. (b) [C] event or thing that causes this feeling 令人吃惊的事物: What a surprise! 多麽令人惊奇呀! * We've had some unpleasant surprises. 我们得到一些令人不快的意外消息. * The gift came as a complete surprise (to me). 这件礼物完全出乎（我的）意料. * They sprang quite a surprise on me when they offered me that job. 他们把那工作给了我, 我颇感意外. * [attrib 作定语] a surprise visit, attack, party 突然访问、 袭击、 料想不到的聚会.  2 (idm 习语) take sb/sth by sur`prise attack, capture, etc sb/sth unexpectedly or without warning 出其不意或毫无预示而攻击、 捕获...某人[某事物]: The town was well defended so there was little chance of taking it by surprise. 该城防守严密, 万难袭占. take sb by sur`prise happen unexpectedly, so as to shock sb slightly 使某人吃一惊: Her sudden resignation took us all by surprise. 她突然辞职, 我们都为之愕然.
surprise 
v  1 [Tn] cause (sb) to feel surprise 使（某人）吃惊: She's over 80? You surprise me! 她80多岁了? 真想不到! * She was surprised by the boy's intelligence. 那男孩的智力使她很吃惊. * It wouldn't surprise me/I wouldn't be surprised if they lost, ie I rather expect them to lose. 他们要是失败了也不足为奇. * Would it surprise you to know that I'm thinking of resigning? 我正考虑辞职, 你感到意外吗?  2 [Tn, Tng] attack, discover, etc (sb) suddenly and unexpectedly 突然而出人意料地攻击、 发现...（某人）: surprise the opposition, ie attack them when they are unprepared 袭击对方 * We returned early and surprised the burglars searching through the cupboards. 我们回来得早, 没想到正撞见有贼正在偷柜橱里的东西.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to do sth through sudden unexpected action 以突然而出其不意的行动促使某人做某事: By firing a few shots we can surprise them into revealing their positions. 我们冷不防打几枪就能让他们暴露他们的位置.
surprised 
adj ~ (at sth/sb) experiencing or showing a feeling of surprise 惊奇的; 惊讶的; 吃惊的; 诧异的: a surprised look, cry 吃惊的样子、 惊叫 * We were surprised at the news. 我们听到这消息很惊讶. * I'm surprised at you, playing with dolls at your age! 想不到你这年龄还玩玩具娃娃! * I'm very surprised to see you here. 我万万没想到能在这儿碰见你. * I'm surprised that he didn't come. 我很奇怪他竟没有来. * It's nothing to be surprised about. 没有什麽值得大惊小怪的.
surprising 
adj causing surprise 令人惊奇的; 使人吃惊的; 惊人的: a surprising decision, defeat 让人大吃一惊的决定、 败北 * It's surprising they lost. 他们竟然失败了, 真没想到. surprisingly adv: Surprisingly, no one came. 真奇怪, 没有人来. * She looked surprisingly well. 她看上去身体好极了.
surreal
/ sE5rIEl; sE`riEl/ adj unlike reality, esp in having combinations or strange distortions of things, as in a dream; fantastic; bizarre 超现实的; 不现实的; 梦幻般的; 荒诞的; 离奇的: Under the influence of the drug my mind was filled with surreal images. 我受了麻醉药的刺激, 头脑里充满了稀奇古怪的幻觉. * Meeting you here like this is positively surreal! 像这样与你在此相逢真好比一场梦!
surrealism
/ sE5rIElIzEm; sE`riEl9IzEm/ n [U] 20th-century movement in art and literature that tries to express what is in the subconscious mind by showing objects and events as seen in dreams, etc 超现实主义（20世纪的文艺潮流, 藉表现梦境等以表达潜意识的内容）.
surrealist 
/ -lIst; -lIst/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (artist, writer, etc) of surrealism 超现实主义的; 超现实主义者; 超现实主义流派的画家、 作家等: a surrealist painting, exhibition 超现实主义的画、 作品展览.
surrealistic 
/ sE9rIE5lIstIk; sE9riEl`IstIk/ adj  1 of surrealism 超现实主义的: a surrealistic style 超现实主义的风格.  2 surreal 超现实的; 梦幻般的; 离奇的.
surrender
/ sE5rendE(r); sE`rZndL/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) (to sb) stop resisting an enemy, etc; yield; give up 停止抵抗; 投降; 屈服; 放弃: We shall never surrender. 我们决不投降. * The hijackers finally surrendered (themselves) to the police. 劫机者终於向警方投降了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) (fml 文) give up possession of sth/sb when forced by others or by necessity; hand sth/sb over 被迫放弃对某物[某人]的控制权; 交出某事物[某人]: We shall never surrender our liberty. 我们决不放弃自由权. * They surrendered their guns to the police. 他们向警方交出枪枝. * He surrendered his insurance policy, ie gave up his rights under the policy in return for immediate payment他中途退保（放弃保险以立即获得退保金）.  3 (phr v) surrender (oneself) to sth (fml or rhet usu derog 文或修辞, 通常作贬义) allow (a habit, an emotion, an influence, etc) to control what one does 听任（某习惯、 感情、 影响等）摆布: He surrendered (himself) to despair and eventually committed suicide. 他陷於绝望, 终於自杀了.
surrender 
n [U, C] surrendering or being surrendered 投降; 屈服; 放弃; 交出: demand the surrender of the town 要求该城投降 * She accused the government of a cowardly surrender to big-business interests. 她指责政府畏首畏尾屈从於大企业的利益. * [attrib 作定语] What is the surrender value of these shares? 这些股票的转让价额是多少?
surreptitious
/ 9sQrEp5tIFEs; 9sQrEp`tIFEs/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) done or acting secretly or stealthily 暗中进行的; 偷偷的: a surreptitious glance 偷偷的一瞥 * She carried out a surreptitious search of his belongings.她暗地里搜查他的东西. * I don't mind you smoking occasionally -- there's no need to be so surreptitious about it! 你偶尔吸烟我倒并不介意--何必这样躲躲闪闪! 
surreptitiously 
adv.
surrogate
/ 5sQrEgeIt; `sQrE9^et/ n ~ (for sb/sth) (fml 文) person or thing that acts or is used instead of another; substitute 替代的人或事物; 替代者; 代理人; 替代物; 代用品: Fiction is a poor surrogate for real experience. 小说中的事远逊於实际体验. * [attrib 作定语] a surrogate mother, ie a woman who has a baby on behalf of another who is unable to have babies herself 代母（代不育女子生育的女子）.
surround
/ sE5raUnd; sE`raJnd/ n [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) (cause sb/sth to) move into position all round sb/sth; encircle sb/sth, esp so as to prevent escape （使某人[某物]）包围某人[某物]; 围住某人[某物]（尤指使之无法脱逃）: Troops have surrounded the town. 部队已将该城包围. * They have surrounded the town with troops. 他们出动军队包围了该城. * (fig 比喻) He likes to surround himself with beautiful things. 他喜欢生活在美的环境中. (b) ~ sth/sb (by/with sth) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) be all round sth/sb 包围或环绕某物[某人]: Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕著池塘. * The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙. * (fig 比喻) The new plan is surrounded by much speculation, ie Everyone is wondering about it. 新计画备受猜疑. * She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends. 她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友.
surround 
n (usu decorative) border around an object （通常指装饰性的）物体的边缘: a fireplace with a tiled surround 周围镶有瓷砖的壁炉.
surrounding 
adj [attrib 作定语] that is around and nearby 周围附近的: York and the surrounding countryside.约克城及其近郊. surroundings n [pl] all the objects, conditions, etc that are around (and may affect) sb/sth; environment 周围的物体、 条件等（可为有影响力的）; 环境: living in pleasant surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中 * Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境.
surtax
/ 5s\:tAks; `s[9tAks/ n [U] tax charged at a higher rate than the normal on income above a certain level 附加税（对超过限度的收入所徵收的）.
surveillance
/ s\:5veIlEns; sL`velEns/ n [U] careful watch kept on sb suspected of doing wrong （对涉嫌者的）监视: The police are keeping the suspects under round-the-clock surveillance. 警方对疑犯昼夜监视.
survey
/ sE5veI; sL`ve/ v [Tn]  1 look carefully at all of (sth/sb), esp from a distance 仔细全面地观察（某物[某人]）（尤指自远处）: surveying the crowds from a balcony 从阳台上观望人群 * survey the countryside from the top of a hill 从山顶上眺望郊野 * She surveyed me haughtily over the top of her glasses. 她傲慢地从眼镜的上方向我审视.  2 study (and describe) the general condition of (sth) 全面研究（及论述）（某事物）: a speech in which she surveyed the international situation 她概括论述国际局势的讲话 * In this book, the author surveys recent developments in linguistics. 作者在本书中概述了语言学目前的发展情况.  3 find and record the area and features of (a piece of land) by measurement and/or calculation (eg using trigonometry) 测量, 勘察, 勘测（土地）: survey a plot of land for building 勘测一建筑用地.  4 (Brit) examine (a building, etc) to make sure its structure is in good condition 检查（建筑物等）（鉴定其结构状况）: have a house surveyed before deciding to buy it 买房子要先鉴定质量再决定购买与否.  5 investigate the behaviour, opinions, etc of (a group of people), usu by questioning them 调查（某部分人）的行为、 意见等（通常以询问方式进行）: Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had dishwashers. 在接受调查的五百家住户中, 40% 有洗碗机.
survey 
/ 5s\:veI; `s[ve/ n  1 general view, examination or description 全面的观察、 检查或论述; 审视; 概观; 概论: A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人. * a survey of the situation, subject 对情况、 问题的概括论述 * a comprehensive survey of modern music 现代音乐综述.  2 act of surveying (survey v 3); map or record of this 测量; 勘测; 测量图; 勘测记录: an aerial survey, ie made by taking photographs from an aircraft 航空测量照片.  3 (Brit) examination of the condition of a house, etc （房屋等的）结构状况检查, 查勘, 鉴定.  4 act of surveying (survey v 5); investigation （对部分人的行为、 意见等的）调查: a public o`pinion survey 民意调查 * Surveys show that 75% of people approve of the new law. 民意测验表明, 75% 的人赞成新颁布的法规.
surveyor 
/ sE5veIE(r); sL`veL/ n  1 person who surveys (survey v 4) and values buildings, etc （建筑物等的）鉴定估价人.  2 person who surveys (survey v 3) land, etc （土地等的）测量员, 勘测员.  3 official appointed to check the accuracy, quality, etc of sth 检测官; 检验员: surveyor of weights and measures 度量衡检测官 * the surveyor of highways 公路视察员.
survival
/ sE5vaIvl; sL`vaIvl/ n  1 [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 继续生存或存在; 存活; 幸存: the miraculous survival of some people in the air crash 空难事件中有些人奇迹般大难不死 * the survival of the fittest, ie the continuing existence of those animals and plants which are best adapted to their surroundings, etc 适者生存（动植物最能适应环境等者得以存活） * [attrib 作定语] a sur`vival kit, ie a package of items needed by survivors of a disaster, eg at sea 救生包（装有维持生命之必需品, 如供海难等幸存者使用的）.  2 [C] ~ (from sth) person, thing, custom, belief, etc that has survived from an earlier time 过去时代留存下来的人、 物、 风俗、 信仰等; 遗老; 遗习; 旧风俗; 旧思想: a ceremony which is a survival from pre-Christian times 从公元前沿袭下来的礼仪活动.
survive
/ sE5vaIv; sL`vaIv/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth); ~ (on sth) continue to live or exist 继续生存或存在: the last surviving member of the family 这家唯一活著的人 * Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one survived. 在失事飞机上的六个人, 仅一人幸存. * Many strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有许多古怪的习俗源远流长. * I can't survive on ￡30 a week, ie It is not enough for my basic needs. 我每周收入30英镑难以活命. * (fig 比喻) Life is hard at the moment, but we're surviving, ie coping successfully with the difficulties. 目前生活很艰难, 但我们正在挣扎求生.  2 [Tn] continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by (sth) 经历（某事物）幸存: survive an earthquake, shipwreck, etc 经历地震、 沉船等而死里逃生 * Few buildings survived the bombing raids intact. 空袭过後幸存的建筑物绝无仅有. * The plants may not survive the frost. 这些植物不经冻.  3 [Tn] remain alive after (sb) 比（某人）长命: The old lady has survived all her children. 那老太太的子女都先她而去世了.
survivor 
n person who has survived 幸存者; 生还者: send help to the survivors of the earthquake 救助地震中的幸存者.
sus (also suss) 
/ sQs; sQs/ v (-ss-) (sl 俚)  1 [Tn, Tn.p, Tf, Tw] ~ sb/sth (out) discover sb/sth 发现、 发觉或探明某人[某事物]: I've got him/it sussed (out), ie I now understand him/it. 我现在已了解他[它]了. * We've sussed (out) who did it. 我们已弄清楚是谁干的了.  2 (phr v) sus sth out investigate sth carefully 仔细调查某事物: I sent Joe along to sus out the possibility of doing a deal with them. 我派乔去了解一下与他们做一笔交易的可能性.
susceptible
/ sE5septEbl; sE`sZptEbl/ adj  1 ~ to sth [pred 作表语] easily influenced or harmed by sth 易受某事物影响或损害: highly susceptible to flattery 听几句好话就忘乎所以 * plants that are not susceptible to disease 不易受病害侵袭的植物.  2 easily influenced by feelings; impressionable 易受感情影响的; 易受影响的: a nave person with a susceptible nature 幼稚而无主见的人 * He's so susceptible that she easily gained his affection. 他易受感情影响, 所以她很轻易地就得到了他的爱.  3 ~ of sth [pred 作表语] (fml 文) that can undergo sth; capable of sth 能经受某事物; 有某种能力: Is your statement susceptible of proof? 你的说法能加以证实吗?
susceptibility 
/ sE9septE5bIlEtI; sE9sZptE`bIlEtI/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sth) state of being susceptible 易受影响或损害的状况: take advantage of her susceptibility 利用她在感情上的脆弱 * susceptibility to persuasion 容易被言词打动的特性.  2 susceptibilities [pl] person's feelings, considered as being easily hurt 感情（之脆弱处）: Do nothing to offend her susceptibilities. 不要伤害她的感情.
suspect
/ sE5spekt; sE`spZkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] have an idea of the existence, presence or truth of (sth); believe 有（某事物）存在或属实的想法; 相信: He suspected an ambush. 他感到有埋伏. * I strongly suspect that they're trying to get rid of me. 我强烈地感觉到他们要除掉我.* Most people don't, I suspect, realize this. 我想, 大多数人是意识不到这一点的. * What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to be a lie. 她的话听起来像那麽回事, 但我认为那是谎话.  2 [Tn] feel doubt about (sth); mistrust 怀疑（某事物）; 不信任: suspect sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机 * I suspect the truth of her statement. 我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth/doing sth) feel that sb is guilty of sth, without certain proof 怀疑某人有某罪: Who do the police suspect (of the crime)? 警方怀疑谁（作的案）? * What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什麽怀疑钱是她偷的?
suspect 
/ 5sQspekt; `sQspZkt/ n person suspected of a crime, etc 嫌疑犯; 可疑对象: The police are interrogating two suspects. 警方正在审讯两个嫌疑犯. * He's a prime suspect in the murder case. 他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象.
suspect 
/ 5sQspekt; `sQspZkt/ adj not to be relied on or trusted; possibly false 不可靠的; 不可信的; 可能有假的; 可疑的: His statements are suspect. 他的说法靠不住. * The car has a suspect tyre, eg one that is damaged and therefore dangerous. 这辆汽车的轮胎有问题（如已损坏故有危险）.
suspend
/ sE5spend; sE`spZnd/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) hang sth up 悬挂或吊起某物: A lamp was suspended from the ceiling above us. 我们头顶上的天花板上吊著一盏灯.  2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] not allow (sth) to fall or sink in air or liquid, etc 使（某物）悬浮: a balloon suspended above the crowd 悬浮在人群上方的气球 * Smoke hung suspended in the still air. 轻烟在静止的空气里悬浮著. * particles suspended in water 悬浮在水中的微粒.  3 [Tn] (a) prevent (sth) from being in effect for a time; stop (sth) temporarily 暂不实行（某事物）; 使（某事物）暂停: suspend a rule 暂不实行一项规定 * Rail services are suspended indefinitely because of the strike. 铁路运输因罢工而无限期停运. * During the crisis, the constitution was suspended, ie people did not have their normal civil rights. 在危机期间, 曾暂时停止实行宪法（人民不能正常地享有公民权利）. (b) postpone (sth); delay 推迟（某事物）; 延缓: suspend introduction of the new scheme 延缓实施新方案 * suspend judgement, ie delay forming or expressing an opinion 暂不决断 * give a criminal a suspended sentence, ie not send him to prison unless he commits a further offence 给一罪犯缓刑.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) prevent sb officially from holding his usual position, carrying out his usual duties, etc for a time 勒令某人暂时停职、 停止履行职责等: The policeman was suspended while the complaint was investigated. 因该警察遭投诉, 在调查期间已令其暂停职务. * She was suspended from school for stealing. 她因有偷窃行为遭勒令停学处分.
suspended animation 
state of being alive but not conscious 假死; 不省人事: (fig 比喻) The whole project is in suspended animation while we wait for permission to proceed. 我们整个项目暂时搁置以待审批.
suspender
/ sE5spendE(r); sE`spZndL/ n  1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (Brit) short elastic strap for holding up a sock or stocking by its top 吊带.  2 suspenders [pl] (US) = braces.
suspender belt 
woman's belt-like undergarment, worn round the waist, with straps for holding up stockings （女用）吊带围腰.
suspense
/ sE5spens; sE`spZns/ n [U] feeling of tenseness, worry, etc about what may happen （对可能发生之事的）紧张感, 担心, 挂虑: We waited in great suspense for the doctor's opinion. 我们焦急万分地等候医生做出诊断. * Don't keep us in suspense any longer: tell us what happened! 别再让我们著急了, 快告诉我们出了什麽事了!
suspension
/ sE5spenFn; sE`spZnFEn/ n  1 [U] suspending or being suspended 悬挂; 悬浮; 暂停; 延缓; 停职: the suspension of a rule, law, etc 规则、 法令等的暂停实施 * the suspension of a pupil from school 对一名学生的停学处分 * She appealed against her suspension. 她对被停职一事已进行上诉.  2 [U] system of parts (eg springs and shock absorbers) by which a vehicle is supported on its axles （车辆的）悬挂装置（如弹簧及减震器）: The poor suspension gives a rather bumpy ride. 因悬挂装置性能差, 行驶时很颠簸. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.  3 [C, U] (state of a) liquid containing tiny particles of solid matter floating in it 悬浮（液）: medicine in powder form held in suspension, ie to be taken by drinking 药粉悬浮剂（口服用）.
suspension bridge 
bridge suspended from steel cables supported by towers at each end 悬索桥; 吊桥. =>illus at bridge 见 bridge 插图.
suspicion
/ sE5spIFn; sE`spIFEn/ n  1 (a) [U] suspecting or being suspected 怀疑; 涉嫌: regard sb with suspicion 怀疑某人 * He was arrested on suspicion of having stolen the money. 他因涉嫌偷那笔钱而被捕. * Her behaviour aroused no suspicion. 她的举动未受怀疑. * After a crime, suspicion naturally falls on the person who has a motive for it. 一罪案发生後, 有作案动机的人自然受到怀疑. (b) [C] ~ (about sth/sb); ~ (that...) belief or feeling that sth is wrong, that sb has done wrong, etc 疑心; 疑忌; 猜疑: I have a suspicion that she is not telling me the truth. 我疑心她没对我说实话. * It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions (about it). 这看来好像是真的, 不过我（对此）有怀疑.  2 [sing] ~ (of sth) slight taste or amount 些许味道; 少量; 一点儿: a suspicion of garlic in the stew 炖菜中的一点大蒜味 * a suspicion of sadness in her voice 她声音中的一丝悲伤.  3 (idm 习语) a,bove su`spicion too good, honest, etc to be suspected of wrongdoing 不受怀疑的: Nobody who was near the scene of the crime is above suspicion. 在犯罪现场附近的人无不受到怀疑. under su`spicion suspected of wrongdoing 有嫌疑; 涉嫌.
suspicious
/ sE5spIFEs; sE`spIFEs/ adj  1 ~ (about/of sth/sb) having or showing suspicion 有疑心的; 表示怀疑的: a suspicious look, attitude 怀疑的样子、 态度 * I'm very suspicious about her motives. 我对她的动机甚为怀 疑. * He is suspicious of (ie does not trust) strangers. 他不信任陌生人.  2 causing suspicion 引起怀疑的; 可疑的: a suspicious action, remark 可疑的行动、 言语 * a suspicious character, ie sb who may be dishonest 不可靠的人 * It's very suspicious that she was in the house when the crime happened. 案发时她在房子里, 此点非常可疑. 
suspiciously 
adv: acting suspiciously 形迹可疑 * Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切静得离奇.
suss
= sus.
sustain
/ sE5steIn; sE`sten/ v [Tn]  1 (fml 文) bear (weight) without breaking or falling: support 承受住（重量）; 支承; 支撑: Will this shelf sustain the weight of all these books? 这个书架承受得住这些书的重量吗?  2 (a) keep (sb/sth) alive or in existence 维持（某人[某物]）的生命或存在: You should eat good sustaining food, ie food that gives strength. 你应该吃些能增强体力的食物. * not enough oxygen to sustain life 氧气稀少不足以维持生命 * Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer sustained the trapped miners, ie kept them cheerful and enabled them to stay alive. 遇难矿工盼望援救人员正在接近他们, 这是他们赖以坚持下去的唯一希望. (b) keep (a sound, an effort, etc) going; maintain 使（声音、 努力等）持续下去; 保持: The book's weakness is the author's inability to sustain an argument. 该书的缺点在於作者未能把论证展开. * sustain a note, ie continue to play or sing it without interruption 继续演奏（或演唱）某一音符 * make a sustained effort to finish off the work 坚持不懈以完成该项工作 * The clapping was sustained for several minutes. 掌声持续了几分钟.  3 (fml 文) undergo (sth); suffer 经受（某事物）; 遭受: sustain a defeat, an injury, a loss 遭受失败、 伤害、 损失 * He sustained a severe blow on the head. 他头部受到重击.  4 (law 律) decide that (a claim, etc) is valid; uphold 确认（某项要求等）正当有效; 认可; 准许: The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal. 法庭确认他的要求正当, 宣布该合同不合法. * Objection sustained! 反对有效!
sustenance
/ 5sQstInEns; `sQstEnEns/ n [U] (nourishing quality of) food and drink; nourishment 食物; 营养; 养料: There's not much sustenance in a glass of orange squash. 一杯橙汁饮料没有什麽营养. * weak from lack of sustenance 因缺乏营养而虚弱.
suture
/ 5su:tFE(r); `sutFL/ n (medical 医) stitch or stitches made in sewing up a wound, esp following an operation （伤口的）缝线, 缝术.
suture 
v [Tn] (medical 医) sew up (a wound) 缝合（伤口）.
suzerain
/ 5su:zEreIn; ?@ -rIn; `suzErIn/ n (fml 文) country or ruler that controls the foreign policy of another country but allows it to govern its own internal affairs 宗主国; 宗主国的统治者.
suzerainty 
/ 5su:zErEntI; `suzErIntI/ n [U] (fml 文) authority or rule of a suzerain 宗主权; 宗主国的统治: a country under the suzerainty of its powerful neighbour 在强大邻国宗主权治下的国家.
svelte
/ svelt; svZlt/ adj (approv 褒) (of a person) gracefully thin （指人）苗条的: a svelte figure 苗条的身材.
SW
abbr 缩写 =  1 (radio 无) short wave.  2 South-West(ern): SW Australia 澳大利亚西南部 * London SW15 6QX, ie as a postal code 伦敦 SW15 6QX（如用作邮政编码）.
swab
/ swCb; swBb/ n (a) piece of cotton wool, etc used in medicine for cleaning wounds, etc or for taking specimens, eg of mucus, for testing （医用的）拭子; 药签. (b) specimen taken in this way （用拭子取下的）化验标本: take swabs from children suspected of having diphtheria 取怀疑白喉患儿拭样供化验.
swab 
v (-bb-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] clean or wipe (sth) with a swab 用拭子拭抹或擦净（某物）: swab the wound with cotton wool 用药棉擦净伤口 * swab the blood off her face 用拭子揩掉她脸上的血迹.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) clean sth with water using a mop, cloth, etc （用拖把、 抹布等）擦洗（某物）: swab down the decks 用拖把擦洗甲板.
swaddle
/ 5swCdl; `swBdl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth)  1 (dated 旧) wrap (a baby) in long narrow strips of cloth to stop it moving about 用长布条包裹（婴儿）.  2 wrap sb/oneself in warm clothes, etc; swathe sb/oneself 用保暖的衣物等裹住某人[自己]的身体; 给某人[自己]包扎: She sat by the fire, swaddled in a blanket. 她用毯子裹住身子, 坐在火炉旁.
swaddling-clothes 
/ 5swCdlIN; `swBdlIN/ n [pl] (dated 旧) strips of cloth used for swaddling a baby 用作襁褓的长布条.
swag
/ swAg; swA^/ n  1 [C] carved ornament representing a hanging bunch of fruit and flowers 雕刻的有成簇下垂的水果及鲜花的装饰物.  2 [U] (dated sl 旧, 俚) stolen goods 赃物.  3 [C] (Austral 澳) bundle of belongings carried by a tramp 流浪者的行囊.
swagman 
n (pl -men) (Austral 澳) tramp 流浪的人.
swagger
/ 5swAgE(r); `swA^L/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] (usu derog 通常作贬义) walk or behave in a proud or boastful way 趾高气扬地行走或行事: Don't swagger (around) just because you got the job. 别因为得到了这份工作就得意忘形. * He took his prize and swaggered back to his seat. 他领奖後洋洋得意地回到自己的座位上.
swagger 
n [sing] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) swaggering movement or way of behaving 趾高气扬: walk with a swagger 大摇大摆地行走.
swaggeringly 
adv.
swagger-stick (also `swagger-cane) 
n (Brit) short stick carried by a military officer 军官用的短手杖.
swain
/ sweIn; swen/ n  1 (dated or joc 旧或谑) young male lover; suitor 情郎; 求爱的男子.  2 (arch 古) young man from the country 乡村小伙子.
swallow
/ 5swClEU; `swBlo/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] cause or allow (esp food or drink) to go down the throat 吞下或咽下（尤指食物或饮料）: Taking pills is easy; just put them in your mouth and swallow. 服用药片很容易, 只须放在口中咽下即可. * Chew your food properly before swallowing it. 食物嚼碎後再咽下. (b) [I] use the muscles of the throat as if doing this, eg in fear 做如同吞咽般的动作（如恐惧时）: She swallowed hard, and turned to face her accuser. 她用力咽了一下唾液, 转身面对那个控告她的人.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) (a) accept (an insult, etc) without protest 忍受（侮辱等）: She called you a liar. Are you going to swallow that? 她说你撒谎. 你打算忍受这种侮辱吗? * He swallowed all the criticism without saying a thing. 他默默地忍受一切责难. (b) believe (sth) too easily 轻信（某事物）: He flatters her outrageously, and she swallows it whole, ie believes it entirely. 他极力奉承她, 而她竟以为完全是由衷之言.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) (a) take sb/sth into itself so that he/it can no longer be seen 吞没或掩盖某人[某事物]: The jungle swallowed up the explorers. 探险人员消失在密林里了. * The aircraft was swallowed (up) in the clouds. 飞机已没入云中. * (fig 比喻) small firms being swallowed up by giant corporations, ie taken over so that they disappear 被大公司兼并的小商行. (b) use sth up completely 用尽某事物: The cost of the trial swallowed up all their savings. 诉讼费用耗光了他们的全部积蓄.  4 [Tn] not express (a feeling, etc) openly 不流露（感情等）: She swallowed her anger and carried on. 她忍气吞声地继续进行下去. * I was forced to swallow my pride and ask for a loan. 我无奈须忍辱告贷.  5 (idm 习语) a bitter pill to swallow => bitter. swallow the bait accept sth that has been said, offered, etc to tempt one 上钩; 中圈套. swallow/pocket one's pride => pride. swallow one's words admit that one has said sth wrong 承认说错了话: He told me I wouldn't pass the test but I'm determined to make him swallow his words, ie by passing. 他对我说我考不及格, 我一定让他承认说错了话.
swallow 
n (a) act of swallowing 吞; 咽. (b) amount swallowed at one time 一次吞咽的量: take a swallow of beer 喝一口啤哂.
swallow
/ 5swClEU; `swBlo/ n  1 any of various types of small quick-flying insect-eating bird with a forked tail that migrate to northern countries (eg Britain) in summer 燕子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.2 (idm 习语) ,one swallow ,does not make a `summer (saying 谚) a single fortunate or satisfactory incident, example, etc does not mean that all the others will be as good 一燕不成夏（仅有的一次幸运或好事等并不意味著一切都好）.
swallow-dive (Brit) (US swan-dive) 
n type of dive with the arms spread out until one is close to the water （直体）向前跳水; 燕式跳水.
swam
pt of swim.
swami
/ 5swB:mI; `swBmI/ n Hindu religious teacher 印度教宗教导师.
swamp
/ swCmp; swBmp/ n [C, U] (area of) soft wet land; marsh 湿软土地; 沼泽; 沼泽区.
swamp 
v  1 [Tn] flood or soak (sth) with water 淹没或浸泡（某物）: The sink overflowed and swamped the kitchen. 洗涤槽的水溢出来了, 厨房里到处是水. * A huge wave swamped the boat. 一个巨浪淹没了那条船.2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) overwhelm sb/sth with a great quantity of things （以繁多的事物）压倒某人[某事物]: We asked for applications and were swamped (with them). 我们请大家提出申请, 因而（为此）应接不暇. * I've been swamped with work this year. 今年我工作忙得不可开交.
swampy 
adj (-ier, -iest): swampy ground 湿软的地面.
swan
/ swCn; swBn/ n  1 large graceful (usu white) water-bird with a long thin neck 天鹅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.  2 (idm 习语) all sb's geese are swans => goose.
swan 
v (-nn-) [Ipr, Ip] ~ off, around, etc (infml derog 口, 贬) go off, around, etc in a leisurely but irresponsible manner 优游自在而不负责任地走开、 闲逛等: swanning around (the town) in her new sports car when she should have been at work 在本该她工作的时间, 却开著她那辆新跑车（在城里）到处兜风 * Are you swanning off on holiday again? 你又是一走了之度假去了吗?
swan-dive 
n (US) = swallow-dive (swallow 2).
swan-song 
n person's last performance, achievement or composition 个人最後的演出、 成就或作品: His performance as King Lear was to be his swan-song before retiring. 他扮演李尔王是他退休前的告别演出.
swank
/ swANk; swANk/ v [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) behave or talk in a boastful way; swagger 炫耀; 吹嘘; 趾高气扬: She's swanking just because they said her essay was the best. 皆因人称她的文章最好, 她就忘乎所以了.
swank 
n (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 [U] behaviour or talk that is intended to impress people 炫耀; 吹嘘; 出风头: wear an expensive watch just for swank 仅为摆阔气而戴贵重的手表.  2 [C] person who swanks 炫耀者; 吹牛者; 出风头的人: Don't be such a swank! 别那麽招摇!
swanky 
adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 fashionable and expensive in a showy way 炫耀时髦的; 摆阔气的: He stays in the swankiest hotels. 他住最奢华的旅馆.  2 tending to swank 爱炫耀的: Jill and her swanky friends. 吉尔和她的那些爱出风头的朋友.
swap (also swop) 
/ swCp; swBp/ v (-pp-) (infml 口)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ (sth) (with sb);~ (sb) sth for sth; ~ sth (over/round) give sth in exchange for sth else; substitute sth for sth else 以某物交换他物; 以此物代替彼物: Your book looks more interesting than mine: do you want to swap (with me)? 你的书好像比我的有意思, 你愿意（和我）交换吗? * They swapped (ie told each other) stories about their army days. 他们互相讲述了他们在军队中的经历. * I'll swap (you) my Michael Jackson tape for your Bruce Springsteen album. 我想用迈克尔·杰克逊的录音带交换你的布鲁斯·斯普林斯廷唱片集. * She swapped our chairs (round), so I had hers and she had mine. 她把我们俩的椅子对调了, 因此我坐的是她的, 她坐的是我的. * I wouldn't swap places with him for anything, ie would not wish to be in his situation. 我说什麽也不愿意处於他的地位.  2 (idm 习语) change/swap horses in mid-stream => horse. change/swap places => place1.
swap 
n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) act of swapping; exchange 交换; 交易; 交流: As you like my dress and I like yours, shall we do a swap? 既然你喜欢我的连衣裙而我也喜欢你的, 咱们交换好吗?  2 thing swapped or suitable for swapping 交换之物; 适於交换之物.
sward
/ swR:d; swRrd/ n [U] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) turf; grass 草皮; 草.
swarm
/ swR:m; swRrm/ n  1 large number of insects, birds, etc moving around together, esp bees following a queen bee （昆虫、 鸟类等移动中的）大群; （尤指跟随一蜂王的）蜂群: a swarm of ants, starlings, locusts, etc 一大群蚂蚁、 椋鸟、 蝗虫等.  2 (often pl 常作复数) (unpleasantly) large number of people; crowd （令人反感的）大群人; 人群: swarms of children in the park 公园里一帮一伙的儿童.
swarm 
v  1 [I] (of bees) move around in a swarm, esp following a queen bee （指蜜蜂）成群飞行（尤指随一蜂王）.  2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] move in large numbers (in the specified direction) 大群地（朝某方向）移动: The guests swarmed round the tables where the food was set out. 客人聚集到摆好饭菜的餐桌周围. * The crowd was swarming out through the gates. 人群一窝蜂地从出口涌出. (b) [I] be present in (unpleasantly) large numbers 聚集（而拥挤不堪）: crowds swarming in the streets 街上拥挤不堪的人群.  3 (phr v) swarm with sb/sth (of a place) be (unpleasantly) crowded with or full of (people or things) （指地方）挤满或到处是（人或物）: The beach was swarming with bathers. 海滩上挤满了游泳的人. * The stables swarmed with flies. 马厩里到处都是苍蝇.
swarm
/ swR:m; swRrm/ v (phr v) swarm down/up sth climb down/up sth by holding on with the hands and feet 用手和脚附著某物往下[上]爬; 爬下[上]某物: swarm down a rope, up a tree 缘绳而下、 爬上树.
swarthy
/ 5swR:TI; `swRrTI/ adj (-ier, -iest) dark or dark-skinned 黝黑的; 黑皮肤的: a swarthy skin, face, complexion, person 黝黑的皮肤、 面孔、 肤色、 人.
swashbuckling
/ 5swCFbQklIN; `swBF9bQklIN/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] typical of the exciting adventures and romantic appearance of pirates, soldiers of former times, etc, esp as shown in films （昔时海盗、 武士等）惊险传奇式的（尤指影片中表现的）: swashbuckling heroes 侠客 * a swashbuckling tale of adventure on the high seas 公海上惊心动魄的冒险故事.
swastika
/ 5swCstIkE; `swBstIkE/ n symbol in the form of a cross with its ends bent at right angles, formerly used as a Nazi emblem （旧时用作纳粹党的党徽）. =>illus at cross 见 cross 插图.
swat
/ swCt; swBt/ v (-tt-) [Tn] hit (sth/sb) hard, esp with a flat object 猛击（某物[某人]）; （尤指）重拍: swat a fly 拍苍蝇 * She swatted him on the bottom with a rolled-up newspaper. 她用卷著的报纸打他的屁股.
swat 
n blow of this kind 猛击; 重拍: Give that fly a swat. 拍那只苍蝇.
swatter 
n instrument for swatting flies, etc, usu a flat piece of plastic or metal fixed to a handle 用作拍打的工具; 蝇拍.
swathe
/ sweIT; sweT/ (also swath / swR:W; swRW/) n  1 strip of grass or other plants cut by a mower, scythe, etc （用刈草机、 长柄大镰刀等）割下的一行草或其他植物: (fig 比喻) The storm cut a swathe through (ie destroyed large areas of) the forest. 暴风雨把大片大片的森林夷为平地.  2 broad strip 长而宽的一条: a swathe of daffodils across the lawn 草坪上长而宽的一片黄水仙.
swathe
/ sweIT; sweT/ v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth (in sth) wrap sb/sth in several layers of bandages, warm clothes, etc （用绷带、 保暖衣物等）缠绕或层层裹住某人[某物]: thick bandages swathed his head 他头上缠著的层层的绷带 * They were swathed in scarves and sweaters. 他们围著围巾, 穿著毛衣.
sway
/ sweI; swe/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move or lean slowly from side to side （使某物）摇晃, 摇摆, 摆动: trees swaying in the wind 在风中摇曳的树 * He swayed slightly, as if about to fall. 他身子一歪, 像要倒下. * She swayed her hips seductively as she danced. 她跳舞时诱人地摆动著臀部.  2 [Tn] influence or change the opinions or actions of (sb) 影响或改变（某人）的观点或行动: a speech that swayed many voters 影响众多选民的演说 * Your arguments won't sway her: she's determined to leave. 你讲的道理说服不了她, 她已下定决心离开.
sway 
n [U]  1 swaying movement 摇晃; 摇摆; 摆动: The sway of the ferry made him feel sick. 渡船摇摇晃晃, 他感到恶心.  2 (rhet 修辞) rule or control 统治; 支配: people under the sway of Rome, ie ruled by Rome in ancient times 在罗马帝国统治下的人民.  3 (idm 习语) hold `sway (over sb/sth) (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) have the greatest power or influence; be dominant 有最大的权力或影响; 居於统治地位: Among English playwrights, few would deny that Shakespeare holds sway. 在英国的戏剧作家中鲜有人能否认莎士比亚文学泰斗的地位.
swear
/ sweE(r); swZr/ v (pt swore / swR:(r); swRr/, pp sworn / swR:n; swRrn/)  1  [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) use rude or blasphemous words in anger, surprise, etc; curse 咒骂, 诅咒: She bumped her head in the doorway and swore loudly. 她的头撞到门框上, 大骂了一声. * The foreman is always swearing at the workers. 那工头总是对工人骂骂咧咧.  2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tf, Tt] say or promise (sth) very seriously, definitely or solemnly 极其认真、 明确或郑重地说或允诺（某事）: I've never seen him before, I swear it. 我以前从未见过他, 我说的是实话. * She swore that she'd never seen him. 她肯定地说, 她从未见过他. * I could have sworn (ie I was certain) I heard a knock at the door. 我千真万确听到了敲门声. * I swore not to tell anybody about it. 我保证不把这事告诉任何人.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tt no passive不用於被动语态] (cause sb to) make a solemn promise or statement about (sth) （使某人）就（某事物）宣誓: Witnesses have to swear on the bible (to tell the truth). 证人须手按《圣经》宣誓（说实话）. * They have sworn (an oath of) allegiance to the crown. 他们宣誓效忠君主. * Has the jury been sworn (ie officially appointed by taking an oath)? 陪审团宣誓了吗? * Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it? 你愿意在法庭上宣誓说你曾看见他做那件事了吗?  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) make (a statement) promising officially that it is true 宣誓承认（某一陈述）属实: swear an accusation/a charge against sb 宣誓保证指控某人的内容属实.  5 (idm 习语) swear `blind (infml 口) say definitely 一口咬定: She swore blind that she had not taken the money. 她一口咬定说她没有拿那笔钱. swear like a `trooper use very obscene or blasphemous language 破口大骂. swear sb to `secrecy make sb promise to keep a secret 使某人发誓保守秘密: I swore her to secrecy about what I had told her. 我要她起誓对我告诉她的事保守秘密.  6 (phr v) swear by sb/sth (a) name sb/sth as a guarantee of what one is promising 以某人[某事物]之名义起誓: I swear by almighty God that I will tell the truth. 我对全能的上帝起誓我一定说实话. (b) (infml 口) believe greatly in the usefulness or value of sth (and use it constantly) 极其信赖（并经常使用）某事物: Many of my friends are using word processors but I still swear by my old typewriter. 我有许多朋友都使用文字处理机, 可我还是爱用我的老式打字机. swear sb in (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) introduce sb officially or ceremonially to a new position, responsibility, etc by getting him to swear an oath 使某人宣誓就职: The President has to be sworn in publicly. 总统必须当众宣誓就职. * Let the witness be sworn in. 让证人宣誓作证. swear off sth (infml 口) declare that one will stop using sth 宣布停用某事物: I've decided to swear off smoking. 我已宣布戒烟了. swear to sth (infml 口) say definitely that sth is true 断言某事物为实; 肯定某事物: I think I've met him before, but I wouldn't swear to it, ie I'm not sure. 我好像见过他, 只是不敢肯定.
swearer 
n person who swears (swear 1) 咒骂者; 诅咒者.
swear-word 
n rude or blasphemous word 骂人的话; 亵渎之辞.
sweat
/ swet; swZt/ n  1 [U] natural moisture which comes through the skin when one is hot, ill, afraid, working hard, etc 汗: wipe the sweat from one's forehead 擦去额头上的汗水 * a vest damp with sweat 浸透了汗水的背心 * (fig 比喻) They built it with the sweat of their brow, ie by working hard. 他们辛辛苦苦地把它建成了.  2 a sweat [sing] state of sweating or being covered with sweat 出汗; 流汗; 满身大汗: be in/break out in a sweat 出[发]汗 * work up a good sweat by running 跑出一身汗 * They say a good sweat will cure a cold. 据说好好发一身汗就能治好感冒.  3 [U] moisture that forms on any surface, eg by condensation （因冷凝作用等而形成於物体表面的）水汽, 水珠.  4 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) [U] hard work or effort 艰苦的工作或努力: Making your own beer? It's not worth the sweat! 你自己酿啤酒吗? 不值得费那个劲! (b) a sweat [sing] task, etc needing much effort 艰巨的任务等: Climbing all these stairs is a real sweat. 登上所有这些楼梯可真费力气.  5 (idm 习语) all of a `sweat (infml 口) (a) wet with sweat 一身大汗. (b) anxious or frightened 焦急的; 害怕的: I was all of a sweat before the exam. 我临考前急得不得了. no `sweat (infml 口) (used as a way of saying that sth will not be difficult or inconvenient 用作表示某事物并无困难或不便的用语): `I'm sorry to give you so much extra work.' `No sweat!' ie It doesn't bother me. ｀很抱歉, 给你增加了这麽多的工作.＇｀没什麽!＇
sweat 
v  1 [I] produce sweat, eg when hot, ill, afraid, or working hard 出汗; 流汗; 发汗: sweating heavily, profusely, etc 流很多汗、 出大汗 * The long climb made us sweat. 我们攀登了很长距离, 已大汗淋漓了.  2 [I] (fig infml 比喻, 口) be in a state of great anxiety 处於焦急万分的状态: They all want to know my decision but I think I'll let them sweat a little, ie by not telling them yet. 他们全都想知道我做出的决定, 但我想先让他们　一阵子急（先不告诉他们）.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) work hard 辛苦工作: I really sweated over my last essay. 我写上一篇文章可费了劲了.  4 [Tn] (Brit) heat (meat, vegetables, etc) in a pan with fat or water, in order to extract the juices 将（肉、 蔬菜等）加热（熬出汁液）.  5 (idm 习语) slog/sweat one's guts out => gut. sweat `blood (infml 口) (a) work very hard 拼命工作. (b) be very afraid or worried 极害怕或担心: I sweated blood for a while thinking I'd broken the TV. 我想到自己弄坏了电视机, 十分　急.  6 (phr v) sweat sth off lose (weight) through strenuous exercise （通过努力锻炼）减轻（体重）: I sweated off ten pounds in a week by playing squash every day. 我每天打壁球, 一个星期体重减轻了十磅. sweat sth out cure (a cold, fever, etc) by sweating 用发汗的办法医治（感冒、 发烧等）. sweat it out (infml 口) wait uncomfortably for sth to happen or end 不安地等待某事物发生或结束: There was nothing more we could do, so we just had to sit and sweat it out until the result was announced. 我们无能为力, 只好不安地坐　等候宣布结果.
sweaty 
adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered or damp with sweat 有汗的; 汗淋淋的; 汗渍的: sweaty armpits 有汗的腋窝 * a sweaty T-shirt 汗渍的短袖汗衫 * I'm all sweaty from running. 我跑出了一身汗.  2 causing sb to sweat 使某人出汗的: sweaty work 让人出汗的工作 * a hot sweaty day 热得出汗的一天.
sweat-band 
n band of absorbent cloth worn round the head or wrist, for soaking up or wiping away sweat （缠在头部或手腕上用以吸收或擦汗的）汗巾.
sweated labour 
(derog 贬) (a) work done for low wages in bad conditions 劳动条件恶劣而工资低微的工作. (b) people forced to do such work 在恶劣的条件下工作的廉价劳工.
sweat-gland 
n organ beneath the skin that produces sweat 汗腺.
sweat-shirt 
n long-sleeved cotton sweater 长袖棉毛衫.
sweat-shop 
n (derog 贬) place where people are forced to work for low wages in bad conditions 血汗工厂（工作条件恶劣而工资低的）.
sweater
/ 5swetE(r); `swZtL/ n = jersey 1.
swede
/ swi:d; swid/ (US also rutabaga) n [C, U] type of large yellow turnip 芜菁甘蓝. =>illus at turnip 见 turnip 插图.
sweep
/ swi:p; swip/ v (pt, pp swept / swept; swZpt/)  1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from, off, into, etc sth); ~ sth (away, up, etc) remove (dust, dirt, etc) with or as if with a broom or brush 扫, 掸, 打扫（灰尘、 污垢等）: Have you swept in here? 这里你打扫过了吗? * sweep the dust from the carpets 清扫地毯上的灰尘 * sweep the crumbs under the carpet, off the table, into the dustpan 清扫地毯下面的碎屑、 抹去桌子上面的面包屑、 把碎屑扫入簸箕里 * sweep away bits of paper 把碎纸片扫掉 * sweep the dead leaves up 扫除枯叶. (b) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (out) clean sth by doing this 扫、 掸或打扫某物: sweep the carpet, floor, yard 打扫地毯、 地板、 院子 * sweep out the porch 把门廊打扫乾净 * sweep the chimney (free of soot) 打扫烟囱（的煤炱） * Have the stairs been swept clean? 楼梯打扫乾净了吗?  2 [Tn.pr,Tn.p] move or remove (sb/sth) powerfully and unstoppablyby pushing, flowing, etc 藉推力、 流动力等强劲而不停地带动或移走（某人[某物]）: The current swept the logs down the river. 水流冲著原木沿河而下. * We were almost swept off our feet by the waves. 我们几乎让浪头给打倒了. * She got swept along by the crowd. 她被人群拥著向前走. * Many bridges were swept away by the floods. 洪水冲毁了许多桥梁. * (fig 比喻) Old laws were swept away by the revolution. 这场革命彻底摧毁了旧的法制.  3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] move quickly over (an area) 扫过, 掠过（某地方）: A huge wave swept over the deck. 一个巨浪掠过甲板. * The fire swept rapidly across the wooded countryside. 这场大火迅速烧遍树木茂密的郊野. * Rumours swept through the town. 城里谣言四起. * Cold winds swept the plains. 寒风掠过平原. * (fig 比喻) The party swept the country, ie won the election by a large majority. 该党在全国的选举中大获全胜.  4 [Ipr, Ip] move in a smooth or dignified way (in the direction specified) 平稳地或庄重地（向某方向）移动: She swept out of the room. 她大模大样地走出了房间. * The big car swept up the drive to the front of the house. 那辆大轿车稳稳地顺著车道驶到房子前面.  5 [Ipr, Ip] extend in an unbroken line, curve or slope (in the direction specified) 延伸; 蜿蜒; 伸展; 绵延: The road sweeps round the lake. 这条路环绕著湖往前蜿蜒. * The coast sweeps (away) northwards in a wide curve. 海岸呈一大弧形向北伸展.  6 [Tn] pass over (sth) in order to examine, search or survey it 扫视, 搜索（某物）: The searchlights swept the sky. 探照灯搜寻著天空. * Her eyes swept the room. 她的眼睛扫视了一下那个房间.  7 [Tn] move over or along (sth) touching it lightly 轻轻擦过、 掠过（某物）: His fingers swept the keys of the piano. 他的手指在钢琴键盘上轻快地移动. * Her dress swept the ground. 她的连衣裙在地面上拖曳著.  8 (idm 习语) sweep sth under the `carpet hide sth which might cause trouble or a scandal 掩盖某事（以免造成麻烦或丑闻）: sweep embarrassing evidence under the carpet 把令人难堪的证据掩盖起来. sweep the `board win all the prizes, money, games, etc 赢得所有的奖品、 金钱、 比赛等: Switzerland swept the board in the skiing competition. 瑞士在滑雪比赛中囊括了所有的奖项. sweep sb off his feet overwhelm sb with emotion, esp with love 使某人倾心（尤指因爱情）: I was swept off my feet by her wit and charm. 她才貌双全, 我佩服得五体投地.
sweeper 
n  1 (a) person who sweeps 清扫者; 清洁工: a pavement sweeper 打扫人行道的清洁工人. (b) thing that sweeps 清扫器: a carpet sweeper 地毯清扫器.  2 (in football) player positioned behind the defenders to tackle anyone who passes them （足球比赛的）自由中卫.
sweepings 
n [pl] dust, rubbish, scraps, etc collected by sweeping 扫集的尘土、 垃圾、 碎屑等.
swept-back 
adj  1 (of aircraft wings) slanting towards the rear of the aircraft （指飞机机翼）後掠形的.  2 (of hair) brushed backwards from the face （指头发）向後梳的.
swept-wing 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of aircraft) having swept-back wings （指飞机）有後掠形机翼的.
sweep
/ swi:p; swip/ n  1 (also `sweep-out) [C usu sing通常作单数] act of sweeping 扫; 掸; 打扫: Give the rooma good sweep. 把这房间好好打扫一下.  2 [C] sweeping (sweep1 2) movement （藉推力、 流动力等的）带动, 移走; 摆动; 挥动: the sweep of a pendulum 摆的摆动 * with a sweep of his arm, scythe 他用臂、 镰刀一挥.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] long unbroken (often curved) stretch of road, river, coast, etc or of sloping land 延伸的（常指弯的）路、 河、 岸等; 绵延的坡地: the broad sweep of white cliffs round the bay 海湾周围一大片白色的峭壁.  4 [U] (fig 比喻) extent covered by sth; range 包括有某事物的一段; 范围: the impressive sweep of a historical novel 一部历史小说感人的内容.  5 [C] movement over an area in order to search, attack, etc 搜索、 扫荡等行动: a sweep over the bay by a rescue helicopter 救援直升飞机在海湾进行的一次搜索活动 * The police made a thorough sweep of the field where the dead child's body was found. 警方在发现那孩子尸体的现场进行了仔细的搜查.  6 [C] = chimney-sweep (chimney).  7 [C] = sweepstake.  8 (idm 习语) a clean sweep => clean1.
sweeping
/ swi:pIN; swipIN/ adj  1 (a) having an extremely wide effect; far reaching 有广泛影响的; 深远的: sweeping reforms, changes, etc 意义深远的改革、 改变等 * sweeping reductions in prices 大幅度的降价. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] complete; decisive 全面的; 决定性的: a sweeping victory 全胜.  2 (derog 贬) (of statements, etc) without any exceptions; (too) general （指言语等）无例外的, （过於）笼统的: make a sweeping generalization, accusation, etc 做出笼统的推论、 指责等.
sweepstake
/ 5swi:psteIk; `swip9stek/ (also infml 口语作 sweep) n (a) type of gambling in which all the money bet on the result of a contest is divided among those who by chance have selected or been given tickets corresponding to the eventual winner(s) of the contest 赌金全赢制（胜者可获全部赌金者）. (b) horse-race on which money is bet in this way 实行赌金全赢制的赛马.
sweet
/ swi:t; swit/ adj (-er, -est)  1 tasting like sugar or honey; not sour, bitter or salty 甜的; 味甘的: sweet apples, biscuits, drinks, etc 甜的苹果、 饼乾、 饮料等 * sweet wine, ie tasting sweet or fruity, not dry 甜酒（带甜味或水果味道的） * Do you like your tea sweet? 你喝茶喜欢放糖吗? * This cake is much too sweet. 这块糕太甜了.  2 smelling fragrant or perfumed 芬芳的; 芳香的: Don't the roses smell sweet! 这玫瑰花真香! * gardens sweet with the scent of thyme 散发著麝香草的芳香的花园.  3 pleasing to hear; melodious 悦耳的; 旋律优美的: the sweet song of the blackbird 黑鹂的悦耳歌声 * The soprano's voice sounded clear and sweet. 那女高音歌手的嗓音响亮而动听.  4 fresh and pure; wholesome 新鲜而纯净的; 有益於健康的: sweet milk 鲜奶 * The spring water was sweet (ie not salty, polluted, etc) to the taste. 这泉水纯净可口. * the sweet air of the countryside 郊野的清新空气.  5 giving satisfaction; gratifying 使人满意或满足的; 快意的: the sweet feeling of freedom, success, etc 自由、 成功等的快感.  6 (a) (infml 口) attractive and charming 有吸引力的; 漂亮的; 可爱的: a sweet face, smile, gesture 讨人喜欢的脸、 笑容、 姿势 * a sweet little poodle, baby, cottage 招人爱的卷毛狗、 幼儿、 农舍 * You look so sweet in that hat! 你戴著那顶帽子真好看! (b) having or showing a pleasant nature; lovable 和蔼的; 温和的; 温柔的; 可亲的: a sweet child, old lady, etc 乖孩子、 和蔼可亲的老太太 * a sweet temper, nature, disposition, etc 温顺的脾气、 本性、 性情等 * It is sweet of you to have remembered us. 你还惦记著我们, 真感谢你. * such a sweet-tempered/sweet-natured girl 如此温和的[温柔的]姑娘.  7 (idm 习语) at one's ,own sweet `will; in one's ,own sweet `time; in one's ,own sweet `way just as one pleases, or taking as long as one pleases, often in spite of the orders or wishes of others 任凭自己的意愿（常指不顾他人）: It's no good telling him  leave him to find out in his own sweet time. 跟他说也没用--他愿意怎麽找就怎麽找吧. be sweet on sb (dated infml 旧, 口) be fond of or in love with sb 喜欢或爱上某人. have a sweet `tooth (infml 口) like to eat sweet or sugary things 爱吃甜食. keep sb sweet (infml 口) be specially pleasant with sb in order to win favours 讨好某人: I have to keep my boss sweet because I need to ask for a rise. 我得跟老板套套近乎, 因为我惦著提升呢. revenge is sweet => revenge. short and sweet => short1. sweet `nothings (infml or joc 口或谑) words of affection exchanged by lovers 情话: She whispered sweet nothings into his ear. 她对他悄悄地说情话.
sweetish 
adj rather sweet 有甜味的; 惹人喜爱的.
sweetly 
adv in a sweet(2, 6) manner 芬芳地; 可爱地; 和蔼地; 温柔地: sweetly perfumed flowers 芬芳馥郁的花朵 * singing, smiling sweetly 唱得很动听、 笑得很迷人.
sweetness 
n  1 [U] quality of being sweet 甜; 芳香;悦耳; 新鲜; 可爱; 和蔼; 温柔.  2 (idm 习语) (all) ,sweetness and `light (ironic 反语) display of mildness and reason 温和而讲理: She's all sweetness and light provided you're doing what she wants. 只要顺著她, 她是又和蔼又讲理.
sweet-and-sour 
adj [attrib 作定语] (of food) cooked in a sauce containing sugar and either vinegar or lemon （指食物）用糖和醋（或柠檬汁）作调味汁烹制的, 糖醋的, 酸甜的: ,sweet-and-sour `pork, ie a Chinese dish 咕噜肉（糖醋猪肉）.
sweet-briar (also ,sweet-brier) 
n [U] = eglantine.
sweet corn 
kind of maize with sweet grains 甜玉米.
sweetheart 
n  1 (dated 旧) one of a pair of lovers 恋人; 情人: They were childhood sweethearts. 他们原是青梅竹马的恋人. * Mary has a sweetheart. 玛丽有个心上人.  2 (used esp as a loving form of address, eg to a wife, husband, child, etc 尤用作爱称, 如称呼妻子、 丈 夫、 孩子等).
sweet pea 
climbing garden plant with brightly-coloured sweet-scented flowers 香豌豆（攀缘园艺植物, 花香而艳丽）.
sweet potato 
tropical climbing plant with thick edible roots, cooked as a vegetable 红薯, 山芋, 甘薯（指植物连同其块根）. Cf 参看 yam.
sweet talk 
(US infml 口) flattery 恭维的话; 甜言蜜语. 
sweet-talk 
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) persuade sb by flattery, etc (to do sth) 用甜言蜜语劝诱某人（做某事）: You can't sweet-talk me into helping you! 你别想用好话哄我帮助你!
sweet-william 
n garden plant with clustered sweet-scented flowers 美国石竹（园艺植物, 花簇生, 芳香）.
sweet
/ swi:t; swit/ n  1 [C often pl 常作复数] (Brit) (US candy [U, C]) small shaped piece of sweet substance, usu made with sugar and/or chocolate 糖果: a packet of boiled sweets 一袋硬糖 * [attrib 作定语] a sweet shop 糖果店.  2 [C, U] (Brit) = dessert: What's for sweet? 甜食吃什麽? * have some more sweet 再吃点儿甜食.  3 sweets [pl] the ~s of sth satisfactions or pleasures 满意; 满足; 快乐; 乐趣: taste the sweets of success, freedom, etc 尝到成功、 自由等的甜头 * enjoy the sweets of life while one is young 趁年轻时享受人生的欢乐.  4 (used as a loving form of address 用作爱称) darling 亲爱的: Yes, my sweet. 是的, 我亲爱的.
sweetbread
/ 5swi:tbred; `swit9brZd/ n pancreas of a calf or lamb used as food （供食用的小牛或小羊的）胰脏.
sweeten
/ 5swi:tn; `switn/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sweet or sweeter （使某事物）变甜或变得更甜、 芳香、 悦耳、 新鲜、 可爱、 温和等: Fruit sweetens as it ripens. 水果成熟後就好吃了. * I never sweeten my tea. 我喝茶从来不加糖. * sweeten (the air in) a room, eg by opening a window 使房间里空气清新（如开窗）.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (infml 口) make sb more agreeable, eg by offering gifts 使某人更随和（如向其送礼）: I'll sweeten her up a bit by inviting her to the party. 我要邀请她参加聚会好让她随和一些.  3 (idm 习语) sugar/sweeten the pill => pill.
sweetener 
/ 5swi:tnE(r); `switnL/ n  1 [C, U] (piece of a) substance used to sweeten food or drink, esp as a substitute for sugar 使食物或饮料变甜的物质; （尤指）糖的代用品.  2 [C] (infml 口) attempt to persuade sb; bribe （对某人的）劝诱; 贿赂: The firm offered her a generous bonus as a sweetener. 公司提出给她一笔可观的花红藉以拉拢她.
sweetening 
/ 5swi:tnIN; `switnIN/ n [C, U] substance, eg sugar, used to sweeten food or drink 甜味剂（如糖）: [attrib 作定语] sweetening agents 甜味剂.
sweetie
/ 5swi:tI; `switI/ n (infml 口)  1 (Brit) (used esp by and to young children 尤作儿语) sweet2(1) 糖果.  2 (esp Brit) kind or lovable person 好心人; 可爱的人: Thanks for helping, you're a sweetie. 谢谢你的帮助, 你真是好心肠.  3 (used as a loving form of address 用作爱称) darling 亲爱的.
swell
/ swel; swZl/ v (pt swelled / sweld; swZld/, pp swollen / 5swEUlEn; `swolEn/ or swelled)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~(to sth); ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) becomelarger or bulge outwards, eg because of pressure from inside （使某物）膨胀, 肿胀: Wood often swells when wet. 木材潮湿後往往会膨胀. * My eyes swelled with tears. 我的眼睛里含著泪. * His face was swollen (up) with toothache. 他的脸因牙痛而肿了起来. * limping because of a swollen ankle 因脚腕儿发肿而一瘸一拐地走. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) curve outwards; billow （使某物）凸出, 隆起; 鼓起: The sails swelled (out) in the wind. 船帆在风中鼓起. * The wind swelled (out) the sails. 风把船帆刮得鼓起来了.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (into/to sth); ~ sth (to sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) become greater in intensity, number, amount or volume （使某物）增强, 增多, 增大: The group of onlookers soon swelled (in)to a crowd. 旁观的人很快聚集起一大群. * The murmur swelled into a roar. 窃窃私语的声音变大形成一片喧哗. * Small extra costs all swell the total. 零星的额外费用积少成多使总数增大了. * The river was swollen with flood water. 洪水到来後河水上涨了.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (of a person, his heart, etc) feel like bursting with emotion （指人、 内心等）感情迸发, 情绪高涨: His breast/heart swelled with pride at his achievement. 他有了成绩而沾沾自喜.  4 (idm 习语) have a swelled/swollen `head (infml 口) be conceited, esp because of a sudden success 自负; （尤指因突然成功）冲昏头脑.
swell 
n [U, sing]  1 slow heaving of the sea with waves that do not break 海面的缓慢起伏（有浪而无浪花）: feel seasick in the heavy swell 在猛烈起伏的海面上感到晕船.  2 (music 音) gradual increase in the volume of sound （音量的）逐渐增强.
swell 
adj (US infml 口)  1 fashionable or smart 时髦的; 漂亮的: You look swell in that dress! 你穿著那件连衣裙真漂亮!  2 excellent; first-rate 极好的; 第一流的: a swell vacation, player, guy 极好的假期、 选手、 小伙子 * That's swell! 真棒!
swelling
/ 5swelIN; `swZlIN/ n  1 [U] condition of being swollen 膨胀; 肿胀; 凸出; 鼓起; 增强; 增多; 增大; （感情的）迸发: reduce the swelling with ice-packs 用冰袋消肿.  2 [C] abnormally swollen place on the body （身体上的）肿块: He had a swelling on his knee. 他膝盖上有个肿块.
swelter
/ 5sweltE(r); `swZltL/ v [I] (infml 口) be uncomfortably hot; suffer from the heat 热得难受:lie sweltering on a beach 躺在海滩上热得难受 * a sweltering(-hot) day, summer, climate, room 闷热的一天、 夏天、 气候、 房间 * We were sweltering in our winter clothes. 我们穿著冬衣热得够呛.
swept
pt, pp of sweep1.
swerve
/ sw\:v; sw[v/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] change direction suddenly 突然转向: The lorry swerved sharply to avoid the child. 卡车突然转向以免撞著那孩子. * The ball swerved to the left. 那球突然转向左方. * (fml fig 文, 比喻) She never swerves from her determination to succeed. 她争取胜利的决心决不动摇.
swerve 
n swerving movement 突然的转向: a wide, dangerous, sudden swerve 大弧度的、 危险的、 突然的转向.
swift
/ swIft; swIft/ adj (-er, -est)  1 ~ (to do sth/in doing sth) quick or rapid; prompt 快的; 迅速的; 敏捷的: a swift reply, reaction, revenge 迅速的回答、 反应、 报复 * He was swift to condemn the violence/in condemning the violence. 他立即谴责了那种暴力行为. * (fml 文) She is swift to anger, ie She quickly becomes angry. 她爱生气.  2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) that can move fast 能快速移动的: a swift runner, horse 跑得快的人、 马 * swift-flowing rivers 湍急的河流 * swift-footed greyhounds 腿快的狗. 
swiftly 
adv. 
swiftness
n [U].
swift
/ swIft; swIft/ n type of small fast-flying insect-eating bird with long narrow wings 雨燕（翅窄长, 飞行快速, 捕食昆虫）.
swig
/ swIg; swI^/ v (-gg-) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (infml 口) take a drink or drinks of (esp alcohol), usu in large gulps 喝（尤指酒）（通常指大口大口地）: swigging beer out of a bottle 拿著瓶子大口大口地喝啤酒 * swig down a glass of rum 把一杯朗姆酒一饮而尽.
swig 
n act of swigging; swallow 大喝; 吞咽: taking long swigs (at a bottle) of beer （对著瓶子）大喝啤酒.
swill
/ swIl; swIl/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/down) (esp Brit) rinse or flush sth by pouring large amounts of water, etc into, over or through it 涮洗、 冲洗或灌洗某物: swill down the front steps 冲洗屋前的台阶 * He swilled his mouth out with antiseptic. 他用杀菌剂漱口. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ around, over, through, etc (of liquid) flow or pour in the specified direction （指液体）流动, 灌注: Beer swilled around the bottom of the barrel. 啤酒在桶底晃荡. * Muddy water swilled over the planks. 泥浆在木板上流过.  2 [Tn] (infml derog 口, 贬) drink (sth) in large quantities; guzzle 大喝（某物）; 狂饮: swill beer, tea, etc 大喝啤酒、 茶等.
swill 
n  1 [sing] act of swilling; rinse 涮洗; 冲洗; 灌洗; 流动; 大喝: give the bucket a swill (out) 把桶冲洗一下.  2 (also `pigswill) [U] left-over vegetable peelings, etc given to pigs as food （作猪饲料的）剩下的菜屑等; 猪食.
swim
/ swIm; swIm/ v (-mm-; pt swam / swm; swAm/, pp swum / swQm; swQm/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move the body through water by using arms, legs, fins, tail, etc游水; 游泳: Fish swim. 鱼会游水. * Let's go swimming. 咱们去游泳吧. * swim on one's back 仰泳 * When the ship sank we had to swim for it, ie save ourselves by swimming. 船沉时我们不得不游泳逃生. * swim underwater, upstream, across, ashore 潜泳、 逆水而游、 游泳横渡、 游上岸. (b) [Tn] use particular movements to do this 用某姿势游泳: swim breast-stroke, back-stroke, crawl, etc 游蛙泳、 仰泳、 爬泳等.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cover a distance by swimming 游（一段距离）: swim a mile, race, river 游一英里、 比赛游泳、 游过河 * swim two lengths of the pool 在游泳池中游一个来回 * swim the Channel 泅渡英吉利海峡. (b) [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (an animal) to do this 使（动物）游水: She swam her horse across (the river). 她使马游水过河.  3 (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be flooded or overflowing (with liquid) 被淹; 溢: Her eyes were swimming (with tears). 她泪眼汪汪. * The bathroom floor was swimming with water. 浴室的地面上都是水. (b) [Ipr] ~ in sth be covered with liquid as if floating in it 浸於液体中; 泡: meat swimming in gravy 浸在浓汁中的肉.  4 (a) [I, Ipr] seem to be whirling 似在旋转: The room swam before his eyes/around him. 他感觉房间好像在他眼前[在他周围]旋转. (b) [I] have a dizzy feeling 感到眩晕; 发晕: The whisky made his head swim. 他喝了威士忌感到头晕目眩. * My brain swam at the complexity of the calculations. 这种复杂的计算搞得我头昏眼花.  5 (idm 习语) sink or swim => sink1.
swim 
n  1 action or period of swimming 游泳: go for a swim 去游泳 * I only had two swims last year. 去年我只游泳两次.  2 (idm 习语) in/out of the `swim (infml 口) aware or involved/not aware or involved in what is going on 了解或介入[不了解或不介入]当前情况: Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim (of things). 我虽已退休, 但仍做些义务工作, 以便了解当前的情势.
swimmer 
n person who swims (esp in the way specified by the adj) 游泳者（尤与修饰性形容词连用）: a strong, good, fast, etc swimmer 强壮的、 优秀的、 速度快的...游泳运动员.
swimming-bath 
n (esp pl 尤作复数) (Brit) indoor swimming-pool 室内游泳池.
swimming-costume (also `bathing-costume) (esp Brit) (US also `bathing-suit) 
n one-piece garment wornfor swimming 游泳衣.
swimming-pool 
n artificial pool for swimming in （人工）游泳池.
swim-suit 
n one-piece garment worn by women and girls for swimming 女式泳装.
swimming-trunks 
n [pl] short pants or trousers worn by men and boys for swimming 男游泳裤: a pair of swimming-trunks 一条游泳裤.
swimmingly
/ 5swImINlI; `swImINlI/ adv (infml 口) pleasantlyand smoothly 顺利地: We're getting along swimmingly. 我们进展顺利. * Everything went swimmingly, ie proceeded without difficulties. 一切都进行得很顺利.
swindle
/ 5swIndl; `swIndl/ v (infml 口) [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (out of sth) cheat sb/sth, esp in a business transaction 诈骗某人[某事物]（尤指在生意中）: swindle an insurance company 诈骗保险公司 * You're easily swindled! 你很容易上当! * I've been swindled out of 5. 我让人骗了5英镑. (b) ~ sth (out of sb/sth) get (money, etc) by fraud 诈取, 骗得（金钱等）: She swindled 1000 out of the Social Security. 她骗得了 1000 英镑社会保险金.
swindle 
n  1 act of swindling 诈骗行为: victims of a tax, mortgage, etc swindle 税款、 抵押贷款等诈骗案的受害者.  2 person or thing that is presented wrongly in order to deceive people 冒名者; 冒充货; 骗人的东西: That newspaper story's a complete swindle. 报纸上那篇报道纯粹是骗人的鬼话.
swindler 
/ 5swIndlE(r); `swIndlL/ n person who swindles 诈骗者; 骗子.
swine
/ swaIn; swaIn/ n  1 [pl] (arch or fml 古或文) pigs 猪.  2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) obnoxious person or thing 令人不快的人或事物: Take your hands off me, you filthy swine! 把你的手放开, 别碰我, 你这个坏蛋! * Those nails were real swines to get out. 那些钉子真难拔.  3 (idm 习语) cast pearls before swine => cast1.
swine-fever 
n [U] (Brit) virus disease affecting pigs 猪瘟.
swing
/ swIN; swIN/ v (pt, pp swung / swQN; swQN/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) move to and fro while hanging or supported （吊著或支著）摆动, 摇摆: His arms swung/He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动著手臂. * The bucket swung from the end of a rope. 水桶吊在绳上来回摇荡. * The gymnast swung on the parallel bars. 体操运动员在双杠上摆动身子.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sb/oneself) from one place to another by gripping sth and leaping, etc 使（某人[自己]）握住某物纵身一跃等: The ape swung (along) from branch to branch. 那只猿猴从一根树枝荡到另一根树枝上. * He swung himself (up) into the saddle/into the driver's seat. 他纵身跨上马鞍[坐到司机的座位上].  3 [Ipr, Ip] walk or run with an easy rhythmical movement 轻快而有节奏地走或跑: The band swung lightly down the street. 那伙人踏著轻快的步伐沿街走去. * A company of guardsmen swung past. 一队卫兵整齐地跑过去.  4 [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] (cause sth to) move in a curve （使某物）转弯, 转向: A car swung sharply round the corner. 一辆汽车在街角急转弯. * The boom swung over (the deck). 帆杠在（甲板上）转动. * She swung the rucksack (up) onto her back. 她把帆布背包转到身後. * swing a telescope through 180 把望远镜旋转180度 * The gate (was) swung slowly to/shut. 大门慢慢地关上了.  5 [Ipr, Ip] ~ around/round turn suddenly to face the opposite way 突然转向相反方向: She swung round (on him) angrily. 她气愤地转过身来（朝向他）. * He swung round to confront his accusers. 他突然转过身来面对著那些指控他的人.  6 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (from sth) to sth (cause sb to) change suddenly from one opinion or mood, etc to another （使某人）突然改变观点或情绪等: Voters have/Voting has swung to the left. 选民转而支持左派. * He swings from wild optimism to total despair. 他由极其乐观一变而为完全绝望. * Can you swing them round to my point of view? 你能让他们转而支持我的观点吗?  7 [I] have a rhythmic feeling or drive 有节奏感; 有节奏的力量: He can write music that really swings. 他能创作旋律优美的音乐作品.  8 [Tn] (infml 口) succeed in obtaining or achieving (sth), esp by devious means 获得或实现（某事物）（尤指用不当的手段）: Can you swing it for me so that I get the job? 你能替我谋到那份工作吗? * She managed to swing an interview with the Prince. 她设法采访了亲王.  9 (idm 习语) room to swing a cat => room. ,swing into `action act swiftly 迅速采取行动: The police swung into action against the gunmen. 警方迅速采取行动制服了持枪歹徒. swing the `lead (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) (try to) avoid work or a duty, usu by pretending to be ill （竭力）逃避工作或责任（通常指装病）.  10 (phr v) swing for sb (sl or joc 俚或谑) be executed by hanging for having killed sb 因杀某人而被绞死: That wretched child  I'll swing for him one of these days! 那个讨厌的孩子--早晚得把我逼死!
swing
/ swIN; swIN/ n  1 [C] swinging movement or action or rhythm 摆动; 摇摆; 摇荡; 转向; 转变; 节奏: The golfer took a swing at the ball. 打高尔夫球的人挥棒击了一下球. * the swing of a pendulum, pointer, needle, etc 钟摆、 指针、 磁针等的摆动 * the swing of her hips as she walked 她行走时臀部扭来扭去.  2 [C] (a) seat for swinging on, hung from above on ropes or chains 秋千: children riding on the swings 打秋千的儿童. (b) action of swinging on this 打秋千: have a swing 打一会儿秋千 * give the children a swing 帮孩子们打秋千.  3 [U] (also `swing music) smooth rhythmic type of jazz played esp by big dance bands in the 1930's 摇摆乐（三十年代流行的爵士乐, 多由大型舞蹈乐团演奏）.  4 [U, sing] rhythmic feeling or drive 节奏感; 有节奏的力量: music with a swing (to it) 节奏鲜明的音乐.  5 [C] amount by which sth changes from one opinion, etc to another （改变观点等的）变动幅度: Voting showed a 10% swing to the Opposition. 投票结果表明有10%的人转而支持反对党. * He is liable to abrupt swings in mood, eg from happiness to despair. 他情绪极不稳定（如由高兴突然变为绝望）.  6 (idm 习语) get in the `swing (of sth) (infml 口) adapt to a routine, etc 适应情况: I've only been at university for a week, so I haven't got into the swing of things yet. 我上大学才一个星期, 还不熟悉情况. go with a `swing (infml 口) (a) (of music, poetry, etc) have a strong rhythm （指音乐、 诗歌等）节奏强劲. (b) (of entertainment, etc) be lively and enjoyable （指娱乐活动等）活跃而精彩: The party went with a swing. 聚会搞得有声有色. in full swing => full. ,swings and `roundabouts (infml 口 esp Brit) a matter of balancing profits against losses 有得有失的事: Higherearnings mean more tax, so it's all swings and roundabouts.多挣钱就要多交税, 有得有失. * What you gain on the swings you'll probably lose on the roundabouts. 有所得也可能有所失. the ,swing of the `pendulum the movement of public opinion from one extreme to the other 舆论的剧变（由一个极端转到另一个极端）.
swing-boat 
n boat-shaped swing at fairs, etc 船形秋千.
swing bridge 
bridge that can be swung aside to let ships pass 平旋桥; 平转桥.
swing-door 
n door that opens in either direction and closes itself when released 双开式弹簧门.
swing shift 
(US infml 口) employees on the evening shift, usu from 4 pm to midnight （三班制的）午後班工人（通常指工作时间从下午4时至半夜）.
swing-wing 
n (aircraft with a) type of wing that can be moved forward for landing, etc and backward for high-speed flying 可变後掠翼（飞机）.
swingeing
/ 5swIndVIN; `swIndVIN/ adj [attrib 作定语] (esp Brit)  1 (of a blow) hard or forcible （指打击）沉重的, 有力的.  2 large in amount or number or range 巨额的; 大量的; 大范围的: swingeing fines, taxes, costs, etc 巨额的罚款、 税款、 费用等 * swingeing cuts in public services 公用事业费用的大量削减.
swipe
/ swaIp; swaIp/ v (infml 口)  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at) sth/sb (try to) hit sth/sb with a swinging or reckless blow 重击或猛打某物[某人]: He swiped at the dog with his stick, but missed. 他用手杖向那条狗打去, 但没打中. * He swiped the ball into the grandstand. 他把球打到看台上去了.  2 [Tn] (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) steal (sth), esp by snatching 偷窃（某物）; （尤指）抢走: Who's swiped my calculator? 谁把我的计算器偷走了?
swipe 
n ~ (at sb/sth) (attempt at a) swinging or reckless blow 重击, 猛打, 猛击（的意图）: have/take a swipe at the ball 重击球 * make a sudden vicious swipe at sb 冷不防地照著某人猛击.
swirl
/ sw\:l; sw[l/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause air, water, etc to) move or flow with twists and turns and with varying speed （使空气、 水等）打旋, 旋动, 起旋涡: dust swirling (around) in the streets 在街道上盘旋飞扬的尘土 * Smoke swirled up the chimney. 烟气从烟囱里袅袅上升. * The log was swirled away downstream by the current. 水流载著原木盘旋而下.
swirl 
n ~ (of sth)  1 swirling movement; eddy 打旋; 旋动; 旋涡; 涡流: Dancers spun in a swirl of skirts. 跳舞的人旋转著, 裙子也不停地打转.  2 swirled shape or twist 旋涡状; 螺旋形: strawberries topped with a swirl of cream 浇有旋涡状奶油的草莓果.
swish
/ swIF; swIF/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) swing through the air with a hissing sound （使某物）摆动或挥动出声: Scythes swished to and fro. 长柄大镰刀嗖嗖地来回挥动. * The horse swished its tail (about). 那匹马刷刷地挥动尾巴. (b) [I, Ipr] move with or make this sound; rustle 在空中移动出声; 发出摩擦声: We swished through the long grass. 我们穿过深草地发出沙沙的响声. * She swished across the floor in her long silk dress. 她穿著丝绸长服沙沙作响地在房间里走过.  2 (phr v) swish sth off cut sth off by swinging a stick, etc at it 挥棍等打掉某物: He swished off the tops of the nettles with his cane. 他用藤杖抽断了荨麻的顶部.
swish 
n [sing] hissing or rustling sound 物体迅速移动的声音; 摩擦的声音: Her skirts gave a swish. 她衣服的下摆发出沙沙声.
swish
/ swIF; swIF/ adj (infml 口 esp Brit) smart, fashionable or expensive 漂亮的; 时髦的; 昂贵的: swish hotels, resorts, cars 豪华的旅馆、 漂亮的游览胜地、 昂贵的汽车.
Swiss
/ swIs; swIs/ adj of Switzerland, its people or its dialects 瑞士的; 瑞士人的; 瑞士方言的.
Swiss 
n (pl unchanged 复数不变) native of Switzerland 瑞士人.
Swiss roll 
thin flat sponge-cake spread with jam, etc and rolled up  瑞士蛋卷（夹有果酱等的蛋糕卷）.
Swiss chard 
= chard.
switch
/ swItF; swItF/ n  1 (a) device for completing or breaking an electric circuit （电路的）开关, 电门, 转换器, 闸: a light switch 灯的电门 * press the on/off switch 按开关通电[断电] * a two-way switch, eg at the top and bottom of a staircase 双路开关（如楼梯上下两端的）. (b) device at the junction of railway tracks to allow trains to go from one track to another （铁路的）道岔,转辙器. (c) (US) = points (point1 18).  2 (also `switch-over) (infml 口) (esp sudden) shift or change （尤指突然的）转变, 改变: Polls showed a switch to Labour. 民意测验表明形势转而对工党有利. * a switch from gas to electric 由使用煤气改为使用电气 * make a switch from publishing to teaching 由出版工作改做教学工作 * a switch in method, policy, opinion 方法、 政策、 观点的改变.  3 thin flexible twig or shoot cut from a tree; tapering rod like this used for urging a horse, etc forward （从树上砍下的）细软枝条; （策马等用的）枝条状的鞭子.  4 piece of real or false hair for making a woman's hair appear thicker or longer （女用）假发.
switch 
v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (over) (to sth) (cause sth to) shift or change, esp suddenly （使某事物）转变或改变（尤指突然）: switch to modern methods 改用现代方法 * Many voters switched to Labour. 许多选举人改投工党的票. * Computers are everywhere now  our firm is switching over soon. 计算机现已普及--我公司亦即将使用. * switch the conversation to a different topic 改变谈话的话题 * Could you switch the TV over? 请你改换电视频道好吗?  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (with sb/sth); ~ (sth) over/round (cause sb/sth to) exchange positions; change over （使某人[某事物]）交换位置; 转换: Our glasses have been switched  this is mine. 咱们的玻璃杯对调了--这个是我的. * Husband and wife should switch roles (with each other) occasionally. 夫妻间应该偶尔（彼此）对调充当的角色. * You drive first and then we'll switch round/over. 你先驾驶, 过一会儿咱们再换著开.  3 [Tn] whip or flick (a horse, etc) with a switch(3) 用鞭子等抽打（马等）.  4 [Tn.pr] move (a train, etc) onto another track 将（列车等）转入另一轨道: switch a train into a siding 把一列火车转入支线轨道.  5 (phr v) switch (sth) off disconnect (electricity, etc) 切断（电流等）: Switch off the gas, power, etc at the mains 切断煤气源、 电源等 * Don't switch (the TV) off yet. 暂时不要关掉（电视机）. switch (sb) off (infml 口) (cause sb to) become dull, bored, etc （使某人）感到乏味、 厌烦等: I switch off when he starts talking about cars. 他一谈起汽车我就厌烦. * Long lectures really switch me off. 我觉得冗长的演讲很烦人. switch (sth) on connect (electricity, etc or an appliance) 接通（电流等）; 开（用电器）: Switch on the light at the wall-socket. 把电灯接通在墙上的电源插座上. * Don't switch (the radio) on yet. 暂时不要打开（收音机）.
switch-blade 
n = flick-knife (flick).
switchboard 
/ 5swItFbR:d; `swItF9bRrd/ n (staff controlling a) central panel with a set of switches for making telephone connections or operating electrical circuits 电话交换台、 总机或配电板（工作人员）: on duty at the switchboard 在电话交换台值班 * Protesting viewers jammed the BBC switchboard. 观众抗议的电话使英国广播公司的总机应接不暇. * [attrib 作定语] switchboardoperators 交换台接线员.
switched-on 
adj (dated infml 旧, 口) aware of what is going on; up-to-date 了解当前情况的; 跟上时代的.
switch-man 
/ -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (US) = pointsman (point1).
switch-over 
n = switch 2.
switch-yard 
n (US) area where railway cars are switched between lines to make up trains （铁路的）编组站, 调车场.
switchback
/ 5swItFbAk; `swItF9bAk/ n  1 (esp Brit) = roller-coaster (roller).  2 zigzag railway or road for ascending or descending steep slopes （上下陡坡的）之字形铁路或公路.
swivel
/ 5swIvl; `swIvl/ n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) link or pivot between two parts enabling one part to revolve without turning the other 转环; 转节; 旋转接头; 旋轴: a swivel-chain, -hook 转动链、 转动钩 * a swivel-chair, ie one that rotates 转椅.
swivel 
v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (round) (cause sth to) turn on or as if on a swivel （使某物）（似）在旋轴上转动: He swivelled (round) in his chair to face us. 他把坐著的转椅转过来面向著我们. * She swivelled the telescope (round). 她用望远镜向四周看.
swizz
/ swIz; swIz/ (also swizzle) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (Brit infml 口) swindle or disappointment 骗局; 失望: You didn't get a leaving present? What a swizz! 你没有得到临别礼物吗? 真叫人失望!
swizzle
/ 5swIzl; `swIzl/ n  1 any of various types of tall frothy mixed drink, usu made with rum 有高层泡沫的混合饮料（通常混有朗姆酒）.  2 = swizz.
swizzle-stick 
n (a) long glass rod for stirring a swizzle(1) （调泡沫饮料用的）玻璃棒. (b) small stick for stirring or decorating cocktails （调鸡尾酒用的）搅拌棒（或作装饰用）.
swollen
pp of swell.
swoon
/ swu:n; swun/ v (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (dated 旧) lose consciousness; faint 失去知觉; 昏厥; 晕倒: She swooned into his arms for joy. 她喜极而昏倒在他的怀里. * She swooned away. 她失去了知觉. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) (fig esp joc 比喻, 尤作戏谑语) be emotionally affected (by sb/sth) （因某人[某事物]）动感情: All the girls are swooning over the new maths teacher. 所有的女同学都迷上了那位新来的数学教师. 
swoon 
n (dated 旧): fall into a swoon 昏厥; 昏倒.
swoop
/ swu:p; swup/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (on sb/sth) come down suddenly with a rushing movement突然下降; 向下猛冲; 猛扑: The owl swooped down on the mouse. 那只猫头鹰向著老鼠猛扑下来. * Planes swooped (low) over the ship. 飞机低飞著掠过那艘船. * (fig 比喻) Detectives swooped (on the house) at dawn. 侦缉人员於拂晓时（对那所房子）进行了突然搜查.  2 (phr v) swoop sth away/up (infml 口) seize or snatch the whole of sth in one movement 一下子抓住或抢走某物: The robber swooped up the banknotes. 劫匪把钞票一把抢走了.
swoop 
n  1 ~ (on sth/sb) (a) swooping movement 突降; 向下猛冲; 猛扑. (b) sudden and unexpected attack 袭击: Police made a dawn swoop. 警方於拂晓时发动了突袭.  2 (idm 习语) at one fell swoop => fell2.
swop
= swap.
sword
/ sR:d; sRrd/ n  1 weapon with a long thin metal blade and a protected handle （用作武器有防护手柄的）剑, 刀: draw/sheathe one's sword, ie take it out of/put it into its sheath 把剑拔出[插入鞘中].  2 (idm 习语) cross swords => cross2. fire and sword => fire1. the pen is mightier than the sword => pen1. put sb to the `sword (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) kill sb with a sword 用刀或剑杀死某人. 
a sword of `Damocles
/ 5dAmEkli:z; `dAmE9kliz/ (fml 文) something unpleasant,dreadful, etc that seems to be about to happen to sb, and causes a feeling of apprehension and imminent danger 达摩克勒斯剑（比喻某人将有祸事临头）: The possibility of losing her job hung over her like a sword of Damocles all last year. 去年她一直提心吊胆生怕失去工作.
sword-dance 
n dance between and over swords placed on the ground, or one in which swords are waved or clashed 剑舞（在置於地上的剑之间起舞, 或舞剑或使其铿锵作声）.
swordfish 
n large sea-fish with an extremely long thin pointed upper jaw 剑鱼（大海鱼, 上颌突出如剑）.
sword-play 
n [U] fighting with swords 剑术.
swordsman 
/ -zmEn; -zmEn/ n (pl -men) manskilled in the use of a sword 剑客; 击剑运动员: a good, poor, etc swordsman 优秀的、 差劲的...击剑运动员. 
swordsmanship 
/ -mEnFIp; -mEn9FIp/ n [U].
sword-stick 
n hollow walking-stick concealing a blade that can be used as a sword 二人夺（内藏刀剑的手杖）.
swore
pt of swear.
sworn
pp of swear.
sworn
/ swR:n; swRrn/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 made under a solemn promise to tell the truth 保证说实话的; 宣过誓的: a sworn statement 宣过誓的陈述.  2 extreme in affection or dislike 感情极深的; 极端厌恶的: sworn friends/enemies 知己[不共戴天的敌人].
swot
/ swCt; swBt/ v (-tt-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.p] ~ (up) (for/on sth); ~ sth up (Brit infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) study sth very hard, esp in preparation for an exam 刻苦学习某事物（尤指为准备考试）: swotting for her exams （她）为考试而用功 * I'm swotting up my maths/swotting up on my history. 我正在用功温习数学[历史].
swot (also swotter) 
n person who swots 刻苦学习的人（尤指为准备考试）.
swum
pp of swim.
swung
pt, pp of swing.
sybarite
/ 5sIbEraIt; `sIbE9raIt/ n (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) person who is very fond of luxury and comfort 好享受图安逸的人.
sybaritic 
/ 9sIbE5rItIk; 9sIbE`rItIk/ adj (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) typical of a sybarite 好享受图安逸的; 穷奢极欲的: sybaritic tastes, pleasures 骄奢淫逸的爱好、 乐趣.
sycamore
/ 5sIkEmR:(r); `sIkE9mRr/ n  1 [C] (a) (esp Brit) large tree of the maple family 西克莫（一种大树）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) (esp US) type of plane tree 悬铃木.  2 [U] valuable hard wood of the sycamore 西克莫木材（材质坚硬而贵重）: [attrib 作定语] a sycamore desk, chair, etc 西克莫木书桌、 椅子等.
sycophant
/ 5sIkEfnt; `sIkEfEnt/ n (fml derog 文, 贬) person who tries to gain people's favour by insincerely flattering them and always agreeing with them 谄媚者; 阿谀奉承者. 
sycophancy 
/ 5sIkEfEnsI; `sIkEfEnsI/ n [U]. 
sycophantic 
/ 9sIkE5fntIk; 9sIkE`fAntIk/ adj: a sycophantic smile 谄笑. 
sycophantically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
syllable
/ 5sIlEbl; `sIlEbl/ n  1 any of the units into which a word may be divided, usu consisting of a vowel-sound with a consonant before or after 音节（通常由一个元音加上其前面或後面的辅音构成）: `Arithmetic' is a word of four syllables.  arithmetic一字有四个音节.  2 (idm 习语) in words of one syllable => word.
syllabary 
/ 5sIlEbErI; ?@ -berI; `sIlE9bZrI/ n list ofwritten or printed symbols (eg in Japanese) representing syllables 音节符号表; （日语的）假名表.
syllabic 
/ sI5lbIk; sI`lAbIk/ adj  1 of or in syllables 音节的; 分音节的; 拼音的.  2 (of a consonant) making a syllable on its own, without a vowel （指辅音）自成音节的.
syllabically 
/ -bIklI; -bIklI/ adv.
syllabify 
/ sI5lbIfaI; sI`lAbE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] divide (a word or words) into syllables 将（词）划分音节. 
syllabification 
/ sI9lbIfI5keIFn; sI9lAbEfE`keFEn/ n [U] (system of) dividing into syllables 音节划分（法）.
-syllabled 
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of syllables 有...个音节的: a two-, three-, four-, etc syllabled word.
syllabub (also sillabub) 
/ 5sIlEbQb; `sIlE9bQb/ n [C, U] dish of sweetened cream mixed vigorously to a froth with wine, etc 用甜奶油与葡萄酒等混合用力搅拌产生泡沫的甜食.
syllabus
/ 5sIlEbEs; `sIlEbEs/ n (pl ~es) list of subjects, topics, texts, etc included in a course of study 教学大纲: `Hamlet' is on this year's English literature syllabus. 《哈姆雷特》是本学年英国文学教学大纲中规定的作品. Cf 参看 curriculum.
syllogism
/ 5sIlEdVIzEm; `sIlE9dVIzEm/ n form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two statements, eg All men must die; I am a man; therefore I must die. 三段论法（从两个前提得出结论的推理方法, 如｀凡是人都必有一死; 我是人; 所以我必有一死.＇） Cf 参看 premise2.
syllogistic 
/ 9sIlE5dVIstIk; 9sIlE`dVIstIk/ adj in the form of or being a syllogism 三段论式的; 三段论法的.
sylph
/ sIlf; sIlf/ n  1 (in ancient myth) one of a type of female nature spirits believed to inhabit the air （古代神话中的）气精（生活在空气中的女精灵）.  2 (fml approv 文, 褒) slender and graceful girl or woman 苗条而优雅的女子; 窈窕淑女. Cf 参看 nymph.
sylphlike 
adj (approv or joc 褒或谑) slender and graceful 苗条而优雅的; 窈窕的: `You're not exactly sylphlike, are you?' she said to her fat friend. ｀你并不算苗条, 对吧?＇她对她那胖胖的朋友说.
sylvan
=> silvan.
symbiosis
/ 9sImbI5EUsIs, -baI-; 9sImbI`osIs, -baI-/ n [U](biology 生) relationship between two species, organisms,etc that live close together and depend on each other in various ways 共生（关系）: the symbiosis between a plant and the insect that fertilizes it 一植物与使其受精昆虫的共生关系. 
symbiotic 
/ -5CtIk; -`BtIk/ adj.
symbol
/ 5sImbl; `sImbl/ n  1 ~ (of sth) image, object, etc that suggests or refers to sth else; emblem 象徵; 标志: The cross is the symbol of Christianity. 十字架是基督教的标志. * The lion is the symbol of courage. 狮子是勇武的象徵.  2 ~ (for sth) mark or sign with a particular meaning, eg plus and minus signs in mathematics, punctuation marks, musical notation, etc 符号, 记号（如数学中的加减号、 标点符号、 乐谱等）: On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church. 在地图上, 十字符号代表教堂. * Au is the chemical symbol for gold. ｀Au＇是金的化学元素符号. * algebraic signs and symbols 代数符号.
symbolic 
/ sIm5bClIk; sIm`bBlIk/, symbolical / -kl; -kl/ adjs ~ (of sth) of, using or used as a symbol 符号的; 使用符号的; 用作符号的; 象徵（性）的: The cross is symbolic of Christianity. 十字架是基督教的象徵. * The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real. 今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的, 无甚实际意义. 
symbolically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
symbolism 
/ 5sImbElIzEm; `sImbl9IzEm/ n [U] use of symbols to represent things, esp in art and literature; the symbols thus used 符号的使用; （尤指文艺中的）象徵主义, 象徵手法: poetry full of religious symbolism 用大量象徵手法表现宗教色彩的诗篇. 
symbolist 
/ 5sImbElIst; `sImbElIst/ n artist, writer, etc who habitually uses symbols 象徵主义者; 象徵主义的艺术家、 作家等.
symbolize, symbolise 
/ 5sImbElaIz; `sImbl9aIz/ v  1 [Tn] be a symbol of (sth) 作为（某事物）的符号或标志; 象徵（某事物）: a picture of a red disc with rays coming from it, symbolizing the sun 画著一个光芒四射的红色圆盘以代表太阳的一幅画.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth/sb (with/as sth) represent sth/sb by means of a symbol 用符号代表某事物[某人]: The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower. 那诗人用花象徵他的爱人.
symmetry
/ 5sImEtrI; `sImItrI/ n [U]  1 exact match in size and shape between the two halves of sth 对称: the perfect symmetry of the building 这座建筑物完美的对称格局.  2 pleasingly regular way in which parts are arranged 匀称: the symmetry of her features 她的五官端正.
symmetric 
/ sI5metrIk; sI`mZtrIk/, symmetrical/-rIkl; rIkl/ adjs (of a design, etc) having two halves whichare the same in size and shape （指图案等）对称的: The plan of the ground floor is completely symmetrical. 一楼的平面图是完全对称的. * the symmetrical arrangement of the gardens, ie one that shows symmetry 花园中对称的布局. Cf 参看 asymmetric. 
symmetrically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
sympathetic
/ 9sImpE5WetIk; 9sImpE`WZtIk/ adj  1 ~ (to/towards/with sb) feeling, showing or resulting fromsympathy 同情的; 表示同情的; 出於同情的: a sympatheticlook, smile, remark 表示同情的目光、 笑容、 言语 * feel sympathetic towards sb who is suffering 对遭到不幸的某人十分同情 * He was enormously sympathetic when my father died. 我父亲去世时他深为同情.  2 likeable 可爱的; 讨人喜欢的: a sympathetic character, ie person 一个讨人喜欢的人 * I don't find her very sympathetic. 我觉得她不太讨人喜欢.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth/sb) showing favour or approval 表示好感或赞同: We asked for her support in the election, but she wasn't sympathetic (to our request). 我们请求她在选举中给予支持, 但她（对我们的请求）无动於衷. 
sympathetically
/-klI; -klI/ adv.
sympathy
/ 5sImpEWI; `sImpEWI/ n  1 [U] ~ (for/towards sb) (capacity for) sharing the feelings of others; feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb) 同情; 同情心: feel great sympathy for sb 对某人深为同情 * She never expressed any sympathy when I was injured. 我受伤时她从未表示过同情. * Out of sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night. 他怀著恻隐之心, 留那些无家可归的孩子过夜.  2 sympathies [pl] feeling or expression of sorrow, approval, etc 哀悼;慰问; （感情上的）支持, 赞同: You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your wife. 对於令夫人之去世, 谨向您表示最深切的慰问. * My sympathies are with the workers in this dispute. 在这场纠纷中, 我站在工人一方.  3 [U] ~ (between sb and sb) liking for each other produced in people who have similar opinions or tastes 志同道合; 意气相投: A bond of sympathy developed between members of the group. 该组织成员间产生了志同道合的凝聚力.  4 (idm 习语) in sympathy (with sb/sth) showing support or approval for a cause, etc 对某事业等表示支持或赞同: The steel workers came out in sympathy with the miners, ie went on strike to show support for them. 钢铁工人为声援矿工举行了罢工. * I'm sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal. 我确信她一定赞成你的建议. have no, some, etc sympathy with sb/sth be unable/able to share sb's views, etc 不同意[同意]某人的观点等: He's wrong  I have no sympathy with him. 他错了--我不同意他的意见. * I have some sympathy with that point of view. 我比较赞成这种看法.
sympathize, sympathise 
/ 5sImpEWaIz; `sImpE9WaIz/ v [I, Ipr]~ (with sb/sth) feel or express sympathy or support 同情; 表示同情; 赞同; 支持: I sympathize with you; I've had a similar unhappy experience myself. 我很同情你,我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇. * We have long sympathized with the aims of the Green Party. 我们长期以来一直支持绿党保护生态环境的目标. 
sympathizer, sympathiser 
n person who sympathizes, esp one who supports a cause or a political party 同情者; （尤指某事业或政党的）支持者, 拥护者: Socialist sympathizers 社会主义的支持者.
symphony
/ 5sImfEnI; `sImfEnI/ n long complex musical composition, usu in three or four parts (movements) for a large orchestra 交响曲; 交响乐: [attrib 作定语] a symphony orchestra, ie a large orchestra that plays symphonies, etc 交响乐团.
symphonic 
/ sIm5fCnIk; sIm`fBnIk/ adj of or like a symphony （似）交响乐的.
symposium
/ sIm5pEUzIEm; sIm`pozIEm/ n (pl -sia / -zIE;-zIE/)  1 small conference for discussion of a particular subject （专题）讨论会, 研讨会.  2 collection of essays by several people on a particular subject, published as a book 专题论文集: contribute to a symposium on environmental issues 为环境问题论文集撰稿.
symptom
/ 5sImptEm; `sImptEm/ n  1 change in the body that indicates an illness 症状: the rash that is a symptom of measles 麻疹症状呈现的疹子.  2 sign of the existence of sth bad （坏事的）徵兆, 徵候: This demonstration was a symptom of discontent among the students. 这次示威表明学生中有不满情绪.
symptomatic 
/ 9sImptE5mtIk; 9sImptE`mAtIk/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) being a symptom 作为症状或徵兆: Chest pains may be symptomatic of heart disease. 胸痛可能是心脏病的症状. * Is inflation symptomatic of economic decline? 通货膨胀是经济衰退的徵兆吗?
synagogue
/ 5sInEgCg; `sInE9^R^/ n building used by Jews for religious worship or teaching （犹太人进行宗教活动或学习的）会堂.
sync (also synch) 
/ sINk; sINk/ n [U] (infml 口) = synchronization (synchronize): The film's sound-trackis out of sync/not in sync with the picture. 这部影片的声迹与图像不同步.
synchromesh
/ 9sINkrEU5meF; `sINkrE9mZF/ n [U] device in a vehicle's gearbox that makes the parts turn at the same speed and thus allows gears to be changed smoothly （机动车齿轮箱中的）同步齿轮系.
synchronize, synchronise
/ 5sINkrEnaIz; `sINkrE9naIz/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) operate, move, turn, etc at the same time, speed, etc （使某物）以相同的时间、 速度等运转、 移动、 转动等; （使某物）同步: The wheels must synchronize as they revolve. 这些轮子须同速转动. * The sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致. * Let's synchronize our watches, ie set them to show the same time. 咱们把表校准吧. 
synchronization, synchronisation 
/ 9sINkrEnaI5zeIFn; ?@ -nI5z-; 9sINkrEnI`zeFEn/ (also infml 口语作 sync) n [U].
syncopate
/ 5sINkEpeIt; `sINkE9pet/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] change (the rhythm or beats) in a piece of music so that a strong beat becomes weak and a weak beat becomes strong 切分（音乐的节奏或节拍）（使强弱倒置）: The song has a syncopated rhythm in the jazz version. 这首歌曲改编为爵士乐後采用了切分音节奏. 
syncopation 
/ 9sINkE5peIFn; 9sINkE`peFEn/ n [U].
syncope
/ 5sINkEpI; `sINkEpI/ n  1 [U, C] (medical 医) brief loss of consciousness; faint(ing) 晕厥.  2 [U] (linguistics 语言) shortening of a word by omitting one or more letters or syllables in the middle, eg `bosun' for `boatswain' 词中省音, 央字失落, 央音失落（省略词中的字母或音节, 如将 boatswain 略为 bosun）.
syndicalism
/ 5sIndIkElIzEm; `sIndIkl9IzEm/ n [U] theory that factories, businesses, etc should be owned and managed by the workers employed in them 工团主义（主张工厂、 企业等应归其员工所有并管理）.
syndicalist 
/ -kElIst; -kElIst/ n supporter of syndicalism 工团主义者.
syndicate
/ 5sIndIkEt; `sIndIkIt/ n group of people or business companies combined to undertake a joint project 辛迪加（某些人或工商企业的联合组织）.
syndicate 
/ 5sIndIkeIt; `sIndI9ket/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] publish (an article, a strip cartoon, etc) in many different newspapers, magazines, etc by means of a central distributing agency （经报业辛迪加在多家报刊上）发表（文章、 连环漫画等）: His column is syndicated throughout the world. 他的专栏文章通过报业辛迪加在世界许多报刊上发表. 
syndication 
/ 9sIndI5keIFn; 9sIndI`keFEn/ n [U].
Down's syndrome
/ 5daUnz sIndrEUm; `daJnz9sIndrom/ (also mongolism) abnormal condition in which a person is born with a broad flattened skull, slanting eyes and mental deficiency 唐氏综合症（一种头颅宽扁、 眼斜的先天白痴）.
auld lang syne
/ 9R:ld lN 5saIn; 9Rld lAN `saIn/ (Scot 苏格兰) (title of a popular song sung esp at the beginning of each new year and expressing feelings of friendship for the sake of) good times long ago 美好的往日（歌曲名, 尤於新年时及抒发对往日友谊之情时唱的）.
synod
/ 5sInEd; `sInEd/ n official assembly of church members to discuss and decide on matters of religious teaching, church policy and administration, etc （讨论和决定宗教教义、 教会政策及管理等问题的）会议, 大会.
synonym
/ 5sInEnIm; `sInE9nIm/ n word or phrase with the same meaning as another in the same language, though perhaps with a different style, grammar or technical use 同义词; 同义词组; 同义语: `Slay' and `kill' are synonyms.  slay 和 kill 是同义词.
synonymous 
/ sI5nCnImEs; sI`nBnEmEs/ adj ~ (with sth) having the same meaning 同义的: `Slay' is synonymous with `kill' (though it is more forceful and rather dated). slay与kill同义（但语气较重且较陈旧）. * (fig 比喻) Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with generosity, ie Rich people are not always generous.财富与慷慨未必同义（富人不见得都慷慨）. Cf 参看 antonym.
synopsis
/ sI5nCpsIs; sI`nBpsIs/ n (pl -opses / -si:z; -siz/) summary or outline of a book, play, etc （书、 剧本等的）大纲, 提要.
synoptic 
/ sI5nCptIk; sI`nBptIk/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or forming a synopsis 提纲的; 概要的.
the synoptic gospels 
(in the Bible) the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, which are very similar (whereas that of John is very different) （《圣经》中的）对观福音书（马太、 马可、 路加三福音书）.
syntax
/ 5sIntAks; `sIntAks/ n [U] (linguistics 语言) (rules for the) arrangement of words into phrases and phrases into sentences 句法; 语句结构.
syntactic 
/ sIn5tAktIk; sIn`tAktIk/ adj of syntax 句法的: syntactic differences between English and French 英语和法语句法上的差异. 
syntactically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv: a syntactically complex written style 使用复杂语句的写作风格. Cf 参看 grammar1, morphology2.
synthesis
/ 5sInWEsIs; `sInWEsIs/ n (pl -theses / -si:z; -9siz/)1 (a) [U] combining of separate parts, elements, etc to form a complex whole 综合; 结合: develop a new theory by the synthesis of several earlier theories 综合以前的几种学说而创立的新学说. (b) [C] what is produced in this way 综合体: a new method that is a synthesis of the best features of the old methods 综合旧方法的长处而成的新方法 * Her novels are an odd synthesis of English reserve and Welsh emotionalism. 她的小说把英格兰人的拘谨和威尔士人的情感外露很独特地结合在一起.  2 [U] combining of substances into a compound, or the artificial production of a substance that occurs naturally in plants and animals 合成; 人造: produce rubber from petroleum by synthesis 以合成法用石油制取橡胶 * the synthesis of insulin 胰岛素的合成.
synthesize, synthesise 
/ 5sInWEsaIz; `sInWE9saIz/ v [Tn]  1 make (sth) by synthesis 用合成法制造（某物）: synthesize diamonds, rubber, fuel, etc 用合成法制造钻石、 橡胶、 燃料等.  2 combine (parts) into a whole 将（各部分）结合成一整体; 合成: The two elements are synthesized by a chemical process. 这两种元素已经化学合成.
synthesizer, synthesiser 
n electronic musical instrument producing a large number of different sounds, including imitations of other instruments （电子）音响合成器.
synthetic 
/ sIn5WetIk; sIn`WZtIk/ adj  1 made by synthesis(2); artificial 用合成法制造的; 人造的: synthetic diamonds, rubber, etc 人造钻石、 合成橡胶.  2 [attrib 作定语] of synthesis(2) 合成的: synthetic chemistry 合成化学.  3 (infml derog 口, 贬) not genuine or natural; false 假的; 非天然的; 虚伪的: the salesman's synthetic friendliness 那男售货员的虚情假意 * a synthetic blonde, ie sb whose hair is dyed blonde 染成金发的人.
synthetic 
n synthetic substance or fibre 合成物; 合成纤维: natural fibres and synthetics 天然纤维和合成纤维.
synthetically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
syphilis
/ 5sIfIlIs; `sIflIs/ n [U] (also the pox) infectious disease passed from one person to another by sexual contact 梅毒.
syphilitic 
/ 9sIfI5lItIk; 9sIfl`ItIk/ adj of or suffering from syphilis 梅毒的; 患梅毒的.  n person affected with syphilis 梅毒患者.
syringa
/ sI5rINgE; sE`rIN^E/ n [C, U]  1 shrub with strong-scented white flowers 山梅花（灌木, 开白花, 味香）.  2 (botany 植) lilac 丁香花.
syringe
/ sI5rIndV; `sIrIndV/ n  1 any of various types of device for taking liquid in and forcing it out again in a thin stream, used for spraying plants, washing wounds, etc 液体喷射器（如浇花用的喷水器、 洗伤口用的冲洗器等）: a garden syringe 浇花用的喷水器.  2 = hypodermic syringe (hypodermic). =>illus at injection 见 injection 插图.
syringe 
v [Tn] clean, spray, or inject liquid into (sth) with a syringe （用液体喷射器）冲洗, 喷洒, 注射（某物）: syringe a wound, plant 冲洗伤口、 喷浇植物.
syrup
/ 5sIrEp; `sIrEp/ n [U]  1 water in which sugar is dissolved 糖浆; 糖水: tinned peaches in (heavy) syrup 罐装（浓）糖水桃 * cough syrup, ie syrup with medicine in it to cure coughs 止咳糖浆.  2 any thick sweet liquid, eg treacle 甜而稠的汁液（如糖饴）.
syrupy 
adj  1 of or like syrup （似）糖浆的: a drink that is too syrupy 过甜的饮料.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) too sentimental; sugary (sugar1) 过於多情的; 甜得发腻的: a rather syrupy love-story 颇为感伤的爱情故事.
system
/ 5sIstEm; `sIstEm/ n  1 [C] group of things or parts working together as a whole 系统; 组合装置: the nervous system 神经系统 * the digestive system 消化系统 * a railway system 铁路系统 * a stereo system, eg a record-deck, an amplifier, loud-speakers, etc combined 立体声音响设备 * The lifting device is a system of ropes and pulleys. 这种起重装置是由缆索和滑轮组成的.  2 [C] person's or animal's body as a whole, including its internal organs and processes （人或动物的）身体: The poison has passed into his system. 毒物已进入他的体内. * Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害.  3 [C] set of ideas, theories, principles, etc according to which sth is done （思想、 理论、 原则等的）体系, 体制, 方法, 方式: a system of philosophy 哲学体系 * the democratic system of government 民主政体 * a good system of teaching languages 教授语言的良好方法 * a foolproof new system for winning at roulette 轮盘赌必胜新法.  4 [U] orderly way of doing things; tidy arrangement 制度; 步骤; 条理: You'll find little system in his method of work. 他的工作方法无甚条理. * We must introduce some system into our office routine. 我们须在我们日常公务中建立一些制度.  5 the system [sing] (infml 口) the traditional methods, practices and rules existing in a society, an institution, a business, etc （某社会、 机构、 企业等中）沿袭已久的方法、 做法和规则: You can't beat the system, ie You must conform to it. 老规矩触动不得（必须照办）.  6 (idm 习语) get sth out of one's `system (infml 口) get rid of a strong feeling or desire by expressing it openly or trying to fulfil it 宣泄强烈的感情或满足强烈的愿望: He desperately wants to be an actor, so you'll have to give him time to get it out of his system. 他渴望当演员, 你就得容他时间让他施展自己的抱负.
systematic 
/ 9sIstE5mAtIk; 9sIstE`mAtIk/ adj  1 done or acting according to a system or plan; methodical 有系统的; 有计画的; 有条理的: the systematic arrangement of the chairs 按照顺序排列的座椅 * He's very systematic in all he does. 他做一切事情都很有条理.  2 [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) planned in advance and done with malicious thoroughness and exactness 有预谋的; 蓄意的: a systematic attempt to ruin sb's reputation 蓄谋破坏某人的名誉. 
systematically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
systematize, systematise 
/ 5sIstEmEtaIz; `sIstEmE9taIz/ v [Tn] arrange (sth) according to a well-organized system 使（某事物）系统化或有条理; 使（某事物）成制度或成体系: We must try to systematize the way we do the accounts. 我们必须力求把记帐方法制度化. 
systematization, systematisation 
/ 9sIstEmEtaI5zeIFn; ?@ -tI5z-; 9sIstEmEtI`zeFEn/ n.
systemic 
/ sI5stemIk, also sI5sti:mIk; sIs`tZmIk/ adj  1 of or affecting the whole of the body 全身的; 影响全身的.  2 acting by entering the tissues of a plant and killing insects and other pests which try to feed on it 内吸收的, 内吸性的（通过渗入植物组织内以消灭以之为食的昆虫及其他有害生物的）: systemic fungicides 内吸性杀真菌剂. 
systemically 
/ -klI; -klI/ adv.
systems analysis 
analysis of all the steps in an operation in order to decide how to perform it most efficiently, esp using a computer 系统分析（尤指用计算机）. 
systems analyst 
expert in systems analysis 系统分析专家.