m4_comment([$Id: intro.so,v 10.7 2006/11/13 18:05:06 bostic Exp $])

m4_ref_title(Distributed Transactions,
    Introduction to distributed transactions,
    [Distributed Transactions, Resource Manager], rep/ex_rq, xa/build)

m4_p([dnl
m4_db provides support for distributed transactions using a two-phase
commit protocol via its m4_ref(txn_prepare) and m4_ref(txn_recover)
interfaces.  The m4_refT(txn_prepare) performs the first phase of a
two-phase commit, flushing the log to disk, and associating a global
transaction ID with the underlying m4_db transaction.  This global
transaction ID should be used by the global transaction manager to
identify the m4_db transaction, and will be returned by the
m4_refT(txn_recover) when it is called during recovery.])

m4_p([dnl
Distributed transactions are necessary whenever an application wants to
transaction-protect data in multiple m4_db environments, even if those
environments are on the same machine.  However, m4_db does not perform
distributed deadlock detection, therefore it is the responsibility of
the application to ensure that accesses in different environments cannot
deadlock (this can be accomplished through careful ordering of
operations to the multiple environments), or by using the
m4_ref(DB_LOCK_NOWAIT) option and eventually abort transactions that
have been waiting "too long" (where "too long" is determined by an
application-specific timeout).])

m4_p([dnl
In order to use the two-phase commit feature of m4_db, an application
must either implement its own global transaction manager or use an
XA-compliant transaction manager (as m4_db can act as an XA-compliant
resource manager).])

m4_p([dnl
When using distributed transactions, there is no way to perform
hot backups of multiple environments and guarantee that the backups
are global-transaction-consistent across these multiple environments.
If backups are desired, then all write transactions should be suspended;
that is, active write transactions must be allowed to complete and no
new write transactions should be begun.  Once there are no active write
transactions, the logs may be copied for backup purposes and the backup
will be consistent across the multiple environments.])
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