"""this is a modified version of the basic association example, which illustrates the usage of the associationproxy extension.""" from sqlalchemy import * from sqlalchemy.ext.selectresults import SelectResults from sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy import AssociationProxy from datetime import datetime import logging logging.basicConfig(format='%(message)s') #logging.getLogger('sqlalchemy.engine').setLevel(logging.INFO) engine = create_engine('sqlite://') metadata = MetaData(engine) orders = Table('orders', metadata, Column('order_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('customer_name', String(30), nullable=False), Column('order_date', DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.now()), ) items = Table('items', metadata, Column('item_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('description', String(30), nullable=False), Column('price', Float, nullable=False) ) orderitems = Table('orderitems', metadata, Column('order_id', Integer, ForeignKey('orders.order_id'), primary_key=True), Column('item_id', Integer, ForeignKey('items.item_id'), primary_key=True), Column('price', Float, nullable=False) ) metadata.create_all() class Order(object): def __init__(self, customer_name): self.customer_name = customer_name items = AssociationProxy('itemassociations', 'item', creator=lambda x, **kw:OrderItem(x, **kw)) class Item(object): def __init__(self, description, price): self.description = description self.price = price class OrderItem(object): def __init__(self, item, price=None): self.item = item self.price = price or item.price mapper(Order, orders, properties={ 'itemassociations':relation(OrderItem, cascade="all, delete-orphan", lazy=False) }) mapper(Item, items) mapper(OrderItem, orderitems, properties={ 'item':relation(Item, lazy=False) }) session = create_session() # create our catalog session.save(Item('SA T-Shirt', 10.99)) session.save(Item('SA Mug', 6.50)) session.save(Item('SA Hat', 8.99)) session.save(Item('MySQL Crowbar', 16.99)) session.flush() # function to return items def item(name): return session.query(Item).get_by(description=name) # create an order order = Order('john smith') # append an OrderItem association via the "itemassociations" collection order.itemassociations.append(OrderItem(item('MySQL Crowbar'), 10.99)) # append two more Items via the transparent "items" proxy, which # will create OrderItems automatically order.items.append(item('SA Mug')) order.items.append(item('SA Hat')) # now append one more item, overriding the price order.items.append(item('SA T-Shirt'), price=2.99) session.save(order) session.flush() session.clear() # query the order, print items order = session.query(Order).get_by(customer_name='john smith') # print items based on the OrderItem collection directly print [(item.item.description, item.price) for item in order.itemassociations] # print items based on the "proxied" items collection print [(item.description, item.price) for item in order.items] # print customers who bought 'MySQL Crowbar' on sale result = session.query(Order).join('item').filter(and_(items.c.description=='MySQL Crowbar', items.c.price>orderitems.c.price)) print [order.customer_name for order in result] # print customers who got the special T-shirt discount result = session.query(Order).join('item').filter(and_(items.c.description=='SA T-Shirt', items.c.price>orderitems.c.price)) print [order.customer_name for order in result]