You have built the Boost library with thread support. Don't forget to add -pthread to your linker options when linking your code. You have built the Boost.Python library. You have to add the following options when building your own code: Compiler options: -I/usr/local/include/python2.5 -I/usr/local/include Linker options: -L/usr/local/lib/python2.5 -L/usr/local/lib -lboost_python -lpython2.5