=head1 NAME

Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash - Basic hash methods


=head1 SYNOPSIS

  package MyObject;
  use Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash (
    new => 'new',
    scalar => [ 'foo', 'bar' ],
    array => 'my_list',
    hash => 'my_index',
  );
  ...
  
  # Constructor
  my $obj = MyObject->new( foo => 'Foozle' );
  
  # Scalar Accessor
  print $obj->foo();
  
  $obj->bar('Barbados'); 
  print $obj->bar();
  
  # Array accessor
  $obj->my_list(0 => 'Foozle', 1 => 'Bang!');
  print $obj->my_list(1);
  
  # Hash accessor
  $obj->my_index('broccoli' => 'Blah!', 'foo' => 'Fiddle');
  print $obj->my_index('foo');


=head1 DESCRIPTION

The Basic::Hash subclass of MakeMethods provides a basic constructor and accessors for blessed-hash object instances.

=head2 Calling Conventions

When you C<use> this package, the method names you provide
as arguments cause subroutines to be generated and installed in
your module.

See L<Class::MakeMethods::Basic/"Calling Conventions"> for a summary, or L<Class::MakeMethods/"USAGE"> for full details.

=head2 Declaration Syntax

To declare methods, pass in pairs of a method-type name followed
by one or more method names. Valid method-type names for this
package are listed in L<"METHOD GENERATOR TYPES">.

See L<Class::MakeMethods::Basic/"Declaration Syntax"> for more
syntax information.


=cut

package Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash;

$VERSION = 1.000;
use strict;
use Class::MakeMethods '-isasubclass';

########################################################################

=head1 METHOD GENERATOR TYPES

=head2 new - Constructor

For each method name passed, returns a subroutine with the following characteristics:

=over 4

=item *

If called as a class method, makes a new hash and blesses it into that class.

=item *

If called on a hash-based instance, makes a copy of it and blesses the copy into the same class as the original instance.

=item *

If passed a list of key-value pairs, appends them to the new hash. These arguments override any copied values, and later arguments with the same name will override earlier ones.

=item *

Returns the new instance.

=back

Sample declaration and usage:

  package MyObject;
  use Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash (
    new => 'new',
  );
  ...
  
  # Bare constructor
  my $empty = MyObject->new();
  
  # Constructor with initial values
  my $obj = MyObject->new( foo => 'Foozle', bar => 'Barbados' );
  
  # Copy with overriding value
  my $copy = $obj->new( bar => 'Bob' );

=cut

sub new {
  my $class = shift;
  map { 
    my $name = $_;
    $name => sub {
      my $callee = shift;
      if ( ref $callee ) {
	bless { %$callee, @_ }, ref $callee;
      } else {
	bless { @_ }, $callee;
      }
    }
  } @_;
}

########################################################################

=head2 scalar - Instance Accessor

For each method name passed, uses a closure to generate a subroutine with the following characteristics:

=over 4

=item *

Must be called on a hash-based instance.

=item *

Uses the method name as a hash key to access the related value for each instance.

=item *

If called without any arguments returns the current value.

=item *

If called with an argument, stores that as the value, and returns it, 

=back

Sample declaration and usage:

  package MyObject;
  use Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash (
    scalar => 'foo',
  );
  ...
  
  # Store value
  $obj->foo('Foozle');
  
  # Retrieve value
  print $obj->foo;

=cut

sub scalar {
  my $class = shift;
  map { 
    my $name = $_;
    $name => sub {
      if ( scalar @_ > 1 ) {
	$_[0]->{$name} = $_[1];
      } else {
	$_[0]->{$name};
      }
    }
  } @_;
}

########################################################################

=head2 array - Instance Ref Accessor

For each method name passed, uses a closure to generate a subroutine with the following characteristics:

=over 4

=item *

Must be called on a hash-based instance.

=item *

Uses the method name as a hash key to access the related value for each instance.

=item * 

The value for each instance will be a reference to an array (or undef).

=item *

If called without any arguments, returns the current array-ref value (or undef).

=item *

If called with one argument, uses that argument as an index to retrieve from the referenced array, and returns that value (or undef). 

=item *

If called with a list of index-value pairs, stores the value at the given index in the referenced array. If the instance's value was previously undefined, a new array is autovivified. The current value in each position will be overwritten, and later arguments with the same index will override earlier ones. Returns the current array-ref value.

=back

Sample declaration and usage:
  
  package MyObject;
  use Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash (
    array => 'bar',
  );
  ...
  
  # Set values by position
  $obj->bar(0 => 'Foozle', 1 => 'Bang!');
  
  # Positions may be overwritten, and in any order
  $obj->bar(2 => 'And Mash', 1 => 'Blah!');
  
  # Retrieve value by position
  print $obj->bar(1);
    
  # Direct access to referenced array
  print scalar @{ $obj->bar() };
  
  # Reset the array contents to empty
  @{ $obj->bar() } = ();

=cut

sub array {
  my $class = shift;
  map { 
    my $name = $_;
    $name => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      if ( scalar(@_) == 0 ) {
	return $self->{$name};
      } elsif ( scalar(@_) == 1 ) {
	$self->{$name}->[ shift() ];
      } elsif ( scalar(@_) % 2 ) {
	Carp::croak "Odd number of items in assigment to $name";
      } else {
	while ( scalar(@_) ) {
	  my $key = shift();
	  $self->{$name}->[ $key ] = shift();
	}
	return $self->{$name};
      }
    }
  } @_;
}

########################################################################

=head2 hash - Instance Ref Accessor

For each method name passed, uses a closure to generate a subroutine with the following characteristics:

=over 4

=item *

Must be called on a hash-based instance.

=item *

Uses the method name as a hash key to access the related value for each instance.

=item * 

The value for each instance will be a reference to a hash (or undef).

=item *

If called without any arguments, returns the current hash-ref value (or undef).

=item *

If called with one argument, uses that argument as an index to retrieve from the referenced hash, and returns that value (or undef). 

=item *

If called with a list of key-value pairs, stores the value under the given key in the referenced hash. If the instance's value was previously undefined, a new hash is autovivified. The current value under each key will be overwritten, and later arguments with the same key will override earlier ones. Returns the current hash-ref value.

=back

Sample declaration and usage:
  
  package MyObject;
  use Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Hash (
    hash => 'baz',
  );
  ...
  
  # Set values by key
  $obj->baz('foo' => 'Foozle', 'bar' => 'Bang!');
  
  # Values may be overwritten, and in any order
  $obj->baz('broccoli' => 'Blah!', 'foo' => 'Fiddle');
  
  # Retrieve value by key
  print $obj->baz('foo');
  
  # Direct access to referenced hash
  print keys %{ $obj->baz() };
  
  # Reset the hash contents to empty
  @{ $obj->baz() } = ();

=cut

sub hash {
  my $class = shift;
  map { 
    my $name = $_;
    $name => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      if ( scalar(@_) == 0 ) {
	return $self->{$name};
      } elsif ( scalar(@_) == 1 ) {
	$self->{$name}->{ shift() };
      } elsif ( scalar(@_) % 2 ) {
	Carp::croak "Odd number of items in assigment to $name";
      } else {
	while ( scalar(@_) ) {
	  $self->{$name}->{ shift() } = shift();
	}
	return $self->{$name};
      }
    }
  } @_;
}

########################################################################

=head1 SEE ALSO

See L<Class::MakeMethods> for general information about this distribution. 

See L<Class::MakeMethods::Basic> for more about this family of subclasses.

See L<Class::MakeMethods::Basic::Array> for equivalent functionality
based on blessed arrays. If all access to your object is through
constructors and accessors declared using this package, and your
class will not be extensively subclassed, consider switching to
Basic::Array to minimize resource consumption.

=cut

1;