#!/usr/bin/env python
# ftpserver.py
#
#  pyftpdlib is released under the MIT license, reproduced below:
#  ======================================================================
#  Copyright (C) 2007 Giampaolo Rodola' <g.rodola@gmail.com>
#
#                         All Rights Reserved
# 
#  Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
#  its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
#  granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
#  copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
#  notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of 
#  Giampaolo Rodola' not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
#  distribution of the software without specific, written prior
#  permission.
# 
#  Giampaolo Rodola' DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
#  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
#  NO EVENT Giampaolo Rodola' BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
#  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
#  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
#  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
#  CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
#  ======================================================================
  

"""pyftpdlib: RFC 959 asynchronous FTP server.

pyftpdlib implements a fully functioning asynchronous FTP server as defined in
RFC 959.  A hierarchy of classes outlined below implement the backend
functionality for the FTPd:

    [FTPServer] - the base class for the backend.

    [FTPHandler] - a class representing the server-protocol-interpreter
    (server-PI, see RFC 959). Each time a new connection occurs FTPServer will
    create a new FTPHandler instance to handle the current PI session.

    [ActiveDTP], [PassiveDTP] - base classes for active/passive-DTP backends.

    [DTPHandler] - this class handles processing of data transfer operations.
    (server-DTP, see RFC 959).

    [DummyAuthorizer] - an "authorizer" is a class handling FTPd
    authentications and permissions. It is used inside FTPHandler class to
    verify user passwords, to get user's home directory and to get permissions
    when a filesystem read/write occurs. "DummyAuthorizer" is the base
    authorizer class providing a platform independent interface for managing
    virtual users.

    [AbstractedFS] - class used to interact with the file system, providing a
    high level, cross-platform interface compatible with both Windows and UNIX
    style filesystems.

    [AuthorizerError] - base class for authorizers exceptions.


pyftpdlib also provides 3 different logging streams through 3 functions which
can be overridden to allow for custom logging.

    [log] - the main logger that logs the most important messages for the end
    user regarding the FTPd.

    [logline] - this function is used to log commands and responses passing
    through the control FTP channel.

    [logerror] - log traceback outputs occurring in case of errors.

    [debug] - used for logging function/method calls (disabled by default).


Usage example:

>>> from pyftpdlib import ftpserver
>>> authorizer = ftpserver.DummyAuthorizer()
>>> authorizer.add_user('user', '12345', '/home/user', perm=('r', 'w'))
>>> authorizer.add_anonymous('/home/nobody')
>>> ftp_handler = ftpserver.FTPHandler
>>> ftp_handler.authorizer = authorizer
>>> address = ("127.0.0.1", 21)
>>> ftpd = ftpserver.FTPServer(address, ftp_handler)
>>> ftpd.serve_forever()
Serving FTP on 127.0.0.1:21
[]127.0.0.1:2503 connected.
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 220 Ready.
127.0.0.1:2503 <== USER anonymous
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 331 Username ok, send password.
127.0.0.1:2503 <== PASS ******
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 230 Login successful.
[anonymous]@127.0.0.1:2503 User anonymous logged in.
127.0.0.1:2503 <== TYPE A
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 200 Type set to: ASCII.
127.0.0.1:2503 <== PASV
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 227 Entering passive mode (127,0,0,1,9,201).
127.0.0.1:2503 <== LIST
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 150 File status okay. About to open data connection.
[anonymous]@127.0.0.1:2503 OK LIST "/". Transfer starting.
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 226 Transfer complete.
[anonymous]@127.0.0.1:2503 Transfer complete. 706 bytes transmitted.
127.0.0.1:2503 <== QUIT
127.0.0.1:2503 ==> 221 Goodbye.
[anonymous]@127.0.0.1:2503 Disconnected.
"""


import asyncore
import asynchat
import socket
import os
import sys
import traceback
import errno
import time
import glob
import fnmatch
import tempfile
import warnings
import random


__all__ = ['proto_cmds', 'Error', 'log', 'logline', 'debug', 'DummyAuthorizer',
           'FTPHandler', 'FTPServer', 'PassiveDTP', 'ActiveDTP', 'DTPHandler',
           'FileProducer', 'AbstractedFS',]


__pname__   = 'Python FTP server library (pyftpdlib)'
__ver__     = '0.2.0' 
__date__    = '2007-17-09'
__author__  = "Giampaolo Rodola' <g.rodola@gmail.com>"
__web__     = 'http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/'


proto_cmds = {
    'ABOR': 'Syntax: ABOR (abort transfer).',
    'ALLO': 'Syntax: ALLO <SP> bytes (obsolete; allocate storage).',
    'APPE': 'Syntax: APPE <SP> file-name (append data to an existent file).',
    'CDUP': 'Syntax: CDUP (go to parent directory).',
    'CWD' : 'Syntax: CWD <SP> dir-name (change current working directory).',
    'DELE': 'Syntax: DELE <SP> file-name (delete file).',
    'HELP': 'Syntax: HELP [<SP> cmd] (show help).',
    'LIST': 'Syntax: LIST [<SP> path-name] (list files).',
    'MDTM': 'Syntax: MDTM <SP> file-name (get last modification time).',
    'MODE': 'Syntax: MODE <SP> mode (obsolete; set data transfer mode).',
    'MKD' : 'Syntax: MDK <SP> dir-name (create directory).',
    'NLST': 'Syntax: NLST [<SP> path-name] (list files in a compact form).',
    'NOOP': 'Syntax: NOOP (just do nothing).',
    'PASS': 'Syntax: PASS <SP> user-name (set user password).',
    'PASV': 'Syntax: PASV (set server in passive mode).',
    'PORT': 'Syntax: PORT <sp> h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2 (set server in active mode).',
    'PWD' : 'Syntax: PWD (get current working directory).',
    'QUIT': 'Syntax: QUIT (quit current session).',
    'REIN': 'Syntax: REIN (reinitialize / flush account).',
    'REST': 'Syntax: REST <SP> marker (restart file position).',
    'RETR': 'Syntax: RETR <SP> file-name (retrieve a file).',
    'RMD' : 'Syntax: RMD <SP> dir-name (remove directory).',
    'RNFR': 'Syntax: RNFR <SP> file-name (file renaming (source name)).',
    'RNTO': 'Syntax: RNTO <SP> file-name (file renaming (destination name)).',
    'SIZE': 'Syntax: HELP <SP> file-name (get file size).',
    'STAT': 'Syntax: STAT [<SP> path name] (status information [list files]).',
    'STOR': 'Syntax: STOR <SP> file-name (store a file).',
    'STOU': 'Syntax: STOU [<SP> file-name] (store a file with a unique name).',
    'STRU': 'Syntax: STRU <SP> type (obsolete; set file structure).',
    'SYST': 'Syntax: SYST (get operating system type).',
    'TYPE': 'Syntax: TYPE <SP> [A | I] (set transfer type).',
    'USER': 'Syntax: USER <SP> user-name (set username).',
    }

deprecated_cmds = {
    'XCUP': 'Syntax: XCUP (obsolete; go to parent directory).',
    'XCWD': 'Syntax: XCWD <SP> dir-name (obsolete; change current directory).',
    'XMKD': 'Syntax: XMDK <SP> dir-name (obsolete; create directory).',
    'XPWD': 'Syntax: XPWD (obsolete; get current dir).',
    'XRMD': 'Syntax: XRMD <SP> dir-name (obsolete; remove directory).',
    }

proto_cmds.update(deprecated_cmds)

# The following commands are not implemented. These commands are also not
# implemented by many other FTP servers
not_implemented_cmds = {
    'ACCT': 'Syntax: ACCT account-info (specify account information).',
    'SITE': 'Syntax: SITE [<SP> site-cmd] (site specific server services).',
    'SMNT': 'Syntax: SMNT <SP> path-name (mount file-system structure).'
    }


# hack around format_exc function of traceback module to grant
# backward compatibility with python < 2.4
if not hasattr(traceback, 'format_exc'):
    try:
        import cStringIO as StringIO
    except ImportError:
        import StringIO

    def _format_exc():
        f = StringIO.StringIO()
        traceback.print_exc(file=f)
        return f.getvalue()

    traceback.format_exc = _format_exc


def _strerror(err):
    """A wrap around os.strerror() which may be not available on all platforms
    (e.g. pythonCE).  err argument expected must be an EnvironmentError
    class instance.
    """
    if hasattr(os, 'strerror'):
        return os.strerror(err.errno)
    else:
        return err.strerror


class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for module exceptions."""

class AuthorizerError(Error):
    """Base class for authorizer exceptions."""


# --- loggers

def log(msg):
    """Log messages intended for the end user."""
    print msg

def logline(msg):
    """Log commands and responses passing through the command channel."""
    print msg

def logerror(msg):
    """"Log traceback outputs occurring in case of errors."""
    sys.stderr.write(str(msg) + '\n')
    sys.stderr.flush()

def debug(msg):
    """"Log function/method calls (disabled by default)."""


# --- authorizers

class DummyAuthorizer:
    """Basic "dummy" authorizer class, suitable for subclassing to create your
    own custom authorizers. 
    
    An "authorizer" is a class handling authentications and permissions of the
    FTP server.  It is used inside FTPHandler class for verifying user's
    password, getting users home directory and checking user permissions when a
    file read/write event occurs. 
    
    DummyAuthorizer is the base authorizer, providing a platform independent
    interface for managing "virtual" FTP users. System-dependent authorizers
    can by written by subclassing this base class and overriding appropriate
    methods as necessary.
    """

    user_table = {}

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def add_user(self, username, password, homedir, perm=('r'),
                    msg_login="Login successful.", msg_quit="Goodbye."):
        """Add a user to the virtual users table.  AuthorizerError exceptions
        raised on error conditions such as invalid permissions, missing home
        directory or duplicate usernames.

        Optional perm argument is a tuple defaulting to ("r") referencing
        user's permissions.  Valid values are "r" (read access), "w" (write
        access) or none at all (no access).

        Optional msg_login and msg_quit arguments can be specified to provide
        customized response strings when user log-in and quit.
        """
        if self.has_user(username):
            raise AuthorizerError('User "%s" already exists.' %username)
        if not os.path.isdir(homedir):
            raise AuthorizerError('No such directory: "%s".' %homedir)
        for p in perm:
            if p not in ('', 'r', 'w'):
                raise AuthorizerError('No such permission "%s".' %p)
            if (p in 'w') and (username == 'anonymous'):
                warnings.warn("write permissions assigned to anonymous user.",
                                RuntimeWarning)
        dic = {'pwd' : str(password),
               'home': str(homedir),
               'perm': perm,
               'msg_login': str(msg_login),
               'msg_quit' : str(msg_quit)
               }
        self.user_table[username] = dic
        
    def add_anonymous(self, homedir, **kwargs):
        """Add an anonymous user to the virtual users table.  AuthorizerError
        exception raised on error conditions such as insufficient permissions,
        missing home directory, or duplicate anonymous users.

        The keyword arguments in kwargs are the same expected by add_user
        method: "perm", "msg_login" and "msg_quit".
        The optional "perm" keyword argument is a tuple defaulting to ("r")
        referencing "read-only" anonymous user's permission.  Using a "w"
        (write access) value results in a warning message printed to stderr.
        """
        DummyAuthorizer.add_user(self, 'anonymous', '', homedir, **kwargs)

    def remove_user(self, username):
        """Remove a user from the virtual users table."""
        del self.user_table[username]

    def validate_authentication(self, username, password):
        """Return True if the supplied username and password match the stored
        credentials."""
        return self.user_table[username]['pwd'] == password

    def has_user(self, username):        
        """Whether the username exists in the virtual users table."""
        return username in self.user_table

    def get_home_dir(self, username):
        """Return the user's home directory."""
        return self.user_table[username]['home']

    def get_msg_login(self, username):
        """Return the user's login message."""
        return self.user_table[username]['msg_login']

    def get_msg_quit(self, username):
        """Return the user's quitting message."""
        return self.user_table[username]['msg_quit']

    def r_perm(self, username, obj=None):
        """Whether the user has read permissions for obj (an absolute pathname
        of a file or a directory)"""
        return 'r' in self.user_table[username]['perm']

    def w_perm(self, username, obj=None):
        """Whether the user has write permission for obj (an absolute pathname
        of a file or a directory)"""
        return 'w' in self.user_table[username]['perm']



# --- DTP classes

class PassiveDTP(asyncore.dispatcher):
    """This class is an asyncore.disptacher subclass.  It creates a socket
    listening on a local port, dispatching the resultant connection DTPHandler.
    """

    def __init__(self, cmd_channel):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.cmd_channel = cmd_channel

        ip = self.cmd_channel.getsockname()[0]
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

        if not self.cmd_channel.passive_ports:
        # By using 0 as port number value we let kernel choose a free
        # unprivileged random port.
            self.bind((ip, 0))
        else:
            ports = list(self.cmd_channel.passive_ports)
            while ports:
                port = ports.pop(random.randint(0, len(ports) -1))
                try:
                    self.bind((ip, port))
                except socket.error, why:
                    if why[0] == errno.EADDRINUSE: # port already in use
                        if ports:
                            continue
                        # If cannot use one of the ports in the configured range
                        # we'll use a kernel-assigned port, and log a message
                        # reporting the issue.
                        # By using 0 as port number value we let kernel choose a
                        # free unprivileged random port.
                        else:
                            self.bind((ip, 0))
                            self.cmd_channel.log(
                                "Can't find a valid passive port in the "
                                "configured range. A random kernel-assigned "
                                "port will be used."
                                )
                    else:
                        raise
                else:
                    break

        self.listen(5)
        if self.cmd_channel.masquerade_address:
            ip = self.cmd_channel.masquerade_address
        port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]

        # The format of 227 response in not standardized.
        # This is the most expected:
        self.cmd_channel.respond('227 Entering passive mode (%s,%d,%d).' %(
                ip.replace('.', ','), port / 256, port % 256))

    def __del__(self):
        self.cmd_channel.debug("PassiveDTP.__del__()")


    # --- connection / overridden
    
    def handle_accept(self):
        """Called when remote client initiates a connection."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("PassiveDTP.handle_accept()")
        sock, addr = self.accept()

        # Check the origin of data connection.  If not expressively configured
        # we drop the incoming data connection if remote IP address does not
        # match the client's IP address.
        if (self.cmd_channel.remote_ip != addr[0]):
            if not self.cmd_channel.permit_foreign_addresses:
                try:
                    sock.close()
                except socket.error:
                    pass
                msg = 'Rejected data connection from foreign address %s:%s.' \
                        %(addr[0], addr[1])
                self.cmd_channel.respond("421 %s" %msg)
                self.cmd_channel.log(msg)
                # do not close listening socket: it couldn't be client's blame
                return
            else:
                # site-to-site FTP allowed
                msg = 'Established data connection with foreign address %s:%s.'\
                        %(addr[0], addr[1])
                self.cmd_channel.log(msg)

        # Immediately close the current channel (we accept only one connection
        # at time) and avoid running out of max connections limit.
        self.close()
        # delegate such connection to DTP handler
        handler = self.cmd_channel.dtp_handler(sock, self.cmd_channel)
        self.cmd_channel.data_channel = handler
        self.cmd_channel.on_dtp_connection()

    def writable(self):
        return 0

    def handle_error(self):
        """Called to handle any uncaught exceptions."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("PassiveDTP.handle_error()")
        logerror(traceback.format_exc())
        self.close()
            
    def handle_close(self):
        """Called on closing the data connection."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("PassiveDTP.handle_close()")
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        """Close the dispatcher socket."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("PassiveDTP.close()")
        asyncore.dispatcher.close(self)


class ActiveDTP(asyncore.dispatcher):
    """This class is an asyncore.disptacher subclass. It creates a socket
    resulting from the connection to a remote user-port, dispatching it to
    DTPHandler.
    """

    def __init__(self, ip, port, cmd_channel):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.cmd_channel = cmd_channel       
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        try:
            self.connect((ip, port))
        except socket.error:
            self.cmd_channel.respond("500 Can't connect to %s:%s." %(ip, port))
            self.close()     

    def __del__(self):
        self.cmd_channel.debug("ActiveDTP.__del__()")


    # --- connection / overridden

    def handle_write(self):
        """NOOP, must be overridden to prevent unhandled write event."""
        # without overriding this we would get an "unhandled write event"
        # message from asyncore once connection occurs.

    def handle_connect(self):
        """Called when connection is established."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("ActiveDTP.handle_connect()")
        self.cmd_channel.respond('200 PORT command successful.')
        # delegate such connection to DTP handler
        handler = self.cmd_channel.dtp_handler(self.socket, self.cmd_channel)
        self.cmd_channel.data_channel = handler
        self.cmd_channel.on_dtp_connection()
        #self.close() --> (done automatically)

    def handle_error(self):
        """Called to handle any uncaught exceptions."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("ActiveDTP.handle_error()")
        logerror(traceback.format_exc())
        self.close()
            
    def handle_close(self):
        """Called on closing the data channel."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("ActiveDTP.handle_close()")
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        """Close the dispatcher socket."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("ActiveDTP.close()")
        asyncore.dispatcher.close(self)


try:
    from collections import deque
except ImportError:
    # backward compatibility with Python < 2.4 by replacing deque with a list
    class deque(list):
        def appendleft(self, obj):
            list.insert(self, 0, obj)


class DTPHandler(asyncore.dispatcher):
    """Class handling server-data-transfer-process (server-DTP, see RFC 959)
    managing data-transfer operations.

    sock_obj is the underlying socket used for the connection, cmd_channel
    is the FTPHandler class instance.
    
    DTPHandler implementation note:
    When a producer is consumed and close_when_done() has been called
    previously, refill_buffer() erroneously calls close() instead of
    handle_close() - (see: http://bugs.python.org/issue1740572)

    To avoid this problem, DTPHandler is implemented as a subclass of
    asyncore.dispatcher. This implementation follows the same approach that
    asynchat module should use in Python 2.6.

    The most important change in the implementation is related to
    producer_fifo, which is a pure deque object instead of a producer_fifo
    instance.

    Since we don't want to break backward compatibily with older python
    versions (deque has been introduced in Python 2.4), if deque is not
    available we use a list instead.
    """

    ac_in_buffer_size = 8192
    ac_out_buffer_size  = 8192

    def __init__(self, sock_obj, cmd_channel):        
        """Initialize the DTPHandler instance, replacing asynchat's "simple
        producer" deque wrapper with a pure deque object.
        """
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, sock_obj)
        # we toss the use of the asynchat's "simple producer" and replace it
        # with a pure deque, which the original fifo was a wrapping of
        self.producer_fifo = deque()

        self.cmd_channel = cmd_channel
        self.file_obj = None
        self.receive = False
        self.transfer_finished = False
        self.tot_bytes_sent = 0
        self.tot_bytes_received = 0        

    def __del__(self):
        self.cmd_channel.debug("DTPHandler.__del__()")

    # --- utility methods
    
    def enable_receiving(self, type):
        """Enable receiving of data over the channel. Depending on the TYPE
        currently in use it creates an appropriate wrapper for the incoming
        data.
        """
        if type == 'a':
            self.data_wrapper = lambda x: x.replace('\r\n', os.linesep)
        else:
            self.data_wrapper = lambda x: x
        self.receive = True

    def get_transmitted_bytes(self):
        "Return the number of transmitted bytes."
        return self.tot_bytes_sent + self.tot_bytes_received

    def transfer_in_progress(self):
        "Return True if a transfer is in progress, else False."
        return self.get_transmitted_bytes() != 0

    # --- connection

    def handle_read(self):
        """Called when there is data waiting to be read."""
        try:
            chunk = self.recv(self.ac_in_buffer_size)
        except socket.error:
            self.handle_error()
        else:
            self.tot_bytes_received += len(chunk)
            if not chunk:
                self.transfer_finished = True
                #self.close()  <-- asyncore.recv() already do that...
                return
            # while we're writing on the file an exception could occur in case
            # that filesystem gets full;  if this happens we let handle_error()
            # method handle this exception, providing a detailed error message.
            self.file_obj.write(self.data_wrapper(chunk))

    def handle_write(self):
        """Called when data is ready to be written, initiates send."""
        self.initiate_send()

    def push(self, data):
        """Pushes data onto the deque and initiate send."""
        sabs = self.ac_out_buffer_size
        if len(data) > sabs:
            for i in xrange(0, len(data), sabs):
                self.producer_fifo.append(data[i:i+sabs])
        else:
            self.producer_fifo.append(data)
        self.initiate_send()

    def push_with_producer(self, producer):
        """Push data using a producer and initiate send."""
        self.producer_fifo.append(producer)
        self.initiate_send()

    def readable(self):
        """Predicate for inclusion in the readable for select()."""
        # cannot use the old predicate, it violates the claim of the
        # set_terminator method.
        #return (len(self.ac_in_buffer) <= self.ac_in_buffer_size)
        return self.receive

    def writable(self):
        """Predicate for inclusion in the writable for select()."""
        return self.producer_fifo or (not self.connected)

    def close_when_done(self):
        """Automatically close this channel once the outgoing queue is empty."""
        self.producer_fifo.append(None)

    def initiate_send(self):
        """Attempt to send data in fifo order."""
        while self.producer_fifo and self.connected:
            first = self.producer_fifo[0]
            # handle empty string/buffer or None entry
            if not first:
                del self.producer_fifo[0]
                if first is None:
                    self.transfer_finished = True
                    self.handle_close()
                    return

            # handle classic producer behavior
            try:
                buffer(first)
            except TypeError:
                self.producer_fifo.appendleft(first.more())
                continue

            # send the data
            try:
                num_sent = self.send(first)
                self.tot_bytes_sent += num_sent
            except socket.error:
                self.handle_error()
                return

            if num_sent:
                if num_sent < len(first):
                    self.producer_fifo[0] = first[num_sent:]
                else:
                    del self.producer_fifo[0]

            # we tried to send some actual data
            return

    def handle_expt(self):
        """Called on "exceptional" data events."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("DTPHandler.handle_expt()")
        self.cmd_channel.respond("426 Connection error; transfer aborted.")
        self.close()

    def handle_error(self):
        """Called when an exception is raised and not otherwise handled."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("DTPHandler.handle_error()")
        try:
            raise
        # if error is connection related we provide a detailed
        # information about it
        except socket.error, err:
            if err[0] in errno.errorcode:
                error = err[1]
            else:
                error = "Unknown connection error"
        # an error could occur in case we fail reading / writing
        # from / to file (e.g. file system gets full)
        except EnvironmentError, err:
            error = _strerror(err)
        except:
            # some other exception occurred; we don't want to provide
            # confidential error messages to user so we return a generic
            # "unknown error" response.
            logerror(traceback.format_exc())            
            error = "Unknown error"
        self.cmd_channel.respond("426 %s; transfer aborted." %error)
        self.close()

    def handle_close(self):
        """Called when the socket is closed."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("DTPHandler.handle_close()")
        tot_bytes = self.get_transmitted_bytes()

        # If we used channel for receiving we assume that transfer is finished
        # when client close connection , if we used channel for sending we have
        # to check that all data has been sent (responding with 226) or not
        # (responding with 426).
        if self.receive:
            self.transfer_finished = True
        if self.transfer_finished:
            self.cmd_channel.respond("226 Transfer complete.")
            self.cmd_channel.log("Transfer complete; %d bytes transmitted." %tot_bytes)
        else:
            self.cmd_channel.respond("426 Connection closed; transfer aborted.")
            self.cmd_channel.log("Transfer aborted; %d bytes transmitted." %tot_bytes)
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        """Close the data channel, first attempting to close any remaining
        file handles."""
        self.cmd_channel.debug("DTPHandler.close()")

        if self.file_obj:
            if not self.file_obj.closed:
                self.file_obj.close()

        while self.producer_fifo:
            first = self.producer_fifo.pop()
            if isinstance(first, FileProducer):
                first.close()

        asyncore.dispatcher.close(self)
        self.cmd_channel.on_dtp_close()



# --- file producer

# Taken from Sam Rushing's Medusa-framework. Similar to
# asynchat.simple_producer class, but operates on file(-like)
# objects instead of strings.

class FileProducer:
    """Producer wrapper for file[-like] objects.

    Depending on the type it creates an appropriate wrapper for the outgoing
    data.
    """

    out_buffer_size = 65536

    def __init__(self, file, type):
        """Intialize the producer with a data_wrapper appropriate to TYPE."""
        self.done = 0
        self.file = file
        if type == 'a':
            self.data_wrapper = lambda x: x.replace(os.linesep, '\r\n')
        else:
            self.data_wrapper = lambda x: x

    def more(self):
        """Attempt a chunk of data of size self.out_buffer_size."""
        if self.done:
            return ''
        else:
            data = self.data_wrapper(
                self.file.read(self.out_buffer_size))
            if not data:
                self.done = 1
                self.close()
            else:
                return data

    def close(self):
        """Close the file[-like] object."""
        if not self.file.closed:
            self.file.close()


# --- filesystem

class AbstractedFS:
    """A class used to interact with the file system, providing a high level,
    cross-platform interface compatible with both Windows and UNIX style
    filesystems.

    It provides some utility methods and some wraps around operations involved
    in file object creation and file system operations like moving files or
    removing directories.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.root = None
        self.cwd = '/'
        self.rnfr = None

    # --- Conversion utilities

    def normalize(self, path):
        """Translate a "virtual" FTP path into an absolute "virtual" FTP path.
        Takes an absolute or relative virtual path and returns an absolute
        virtual path.
        
        Note: directory separators are system independent ("/").
        """
        # absolute path
        if os.path.isabs(path):
            p = os.path.normpath(path)
        # relative path
        else:
            p = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self.cwd, path))

        # normalize string in a standard web-path notation having '/' as separator.
        p = p.replace("\\", "/")

        # os.path.normpath supports UNC paths (e.g. "//a/b/c") but we don't need
        # them.  In case we get an UNC path we collapse redundant separators
        # appearing at the beginning of the string
        while p[:2] == '//':
            p = p[1:]

        # Anti path traversal: don't trust user input, in the event that
        # self.cwd is not absolute, return "/" as a safety measure. This is for
        # extra protection, maybe not really necessary.
        if not os.path.isabs(p):
            p = "/"
        return p

    def translate(self, path):
        """Translate a 'virtual' FTP path into equivalent filesystem path. Take
        an absolute or relative path as input and return a full absolute file
        path.
        
        Note: directory separators are system dependent.
        """
        # as far as I know, it should always be path traversal safe...
        if os.path.normpath(self.root) == os.sep:
            return os.path.normpath(self.normalize(path))
        else:
            return os.path.normpath(self.root + self.normalize(path))

    # --- Wrapper methods around os.*, open(), glob and tempfile

    def open(self, filename, mode):
        """Open a file returning its handler."""
        return open(filename, mode)

    def mkstemp(self, suffix='', prefix='', dir=None, mode='wb'):
        """A wrap around tempfile.mkstemp creating a file with a unique name.
        Unlike mkstemp it returns an object with a file-like interface.
        The 'name' attribute contains the absolute file name.
        """
        class FileWrapper:
            def __init__(self, fd, name):
                self.file = fd
                self.name = name
            def __getattr__(self, attr):
                return getattr(self.file, attr)

        text = not 'b' in mode
        tempfile.TMP_MAX = 50 # max number of tries to find out a unique file name
        fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix, prefix, dir, text=text)
        file = os.fdopen(fd, mode)
        return FileWrapper(file, name)

    def exists(self, abspath):
        """Return True if the path exists."""
        return os.path.exists(abspath)
        
    def isfile(self, abspath):
        """Return True if path is a file."""
        return os.path.isfile(abspath)

    def isdir(self, abspath):
        """Return True if path is a directory."""
        return os.path.isdir(abspath)

    def chdir(self, abspath):
        """Change the current directory."""
        os.chdir(abspath)

    def mkdir(self, abspath):
        """Create the specified directory."""
        os.mkdir(abspath)

    def rmdir(self, abspath):
        """Remove the specified directory."""
        os.rmdir(abspath)
            
    def remove(self, abspath):
        """Remove the specified file."""
        os.remove(abspath)
    
    def getsize(self, abspath):
        """Return the size of the specified file in bytes."""
        return os.path.getsize(abspath)

    def getmtime(self, abspath):
        """Return the last modified time as a number of seconds since the
        epoch."""
        return os.path.getmtime(abspath)
           
    def rename(self, src, dst):
        """Rename the specified src file to the dst filename."""
        os.rename(src, dst)

    def glob1(self, dirname, pattern):
        """Return a list of files matching a dirname pattern non-recursively.
        Unlike glob.glob1 raises an exception if os.listdir() fails.
        """
        names = os.listdir(dirname)
        if pattern[0] != '.':
            names = filter(lambda x: x[0] != '.',names)
        return fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)

    # --- utility methods
    
    # Note that these are resource-intensive blocking operations so you may want
    # to override and move them into another process/thread in some way.

    def get_nlst_dir(self, abspath):
        """Return a directory listing in a form suitable for NLST command."""
        listing = '\r\n'.join(os.listdir(abspath))
        if listing:
            return listing + '\r\n'
        return ''

    def get_list_dir(self, abspath):
        """Return a directory listing in a form suitable for LIST command."""
        # if path is a file we return information about it
        if os.path.isfile(abspath):
            basedir, filename = os.path.split(abspath)
            listing = [filename]
        else:
            basedir = abspath
            listing = os.listdir(abspath)
        return self.format_list(basedir, listing)

    def get_stat_dir(self, rawline):
        """Return a list of files matching a dirname pattern non-recursively
        in a form suitable for STAT command.
        """
        path = self.normalize(rawline)
        basedir, basename = os.path.split(path)
        if not glob.has_magic(path):
            data = self.get_list_dir(self.translate(rawline))
        else:
            if not basedir:
                basedir = self.translate(self.cwd)
                listing = self.glob1(basedir, basename)
                data = self.format_list(basedir, listing)
            elif glob.has_magic(basedir):
                return 'Directory recursion not supported.\r\n'
            else:
                basedir = self.translate(basedir)
                listing = self.glob1(basedir, basename)
                data = self.format_list(basedir, listing)
        if not data:
            return "Directory is empty.\r\n"
        return data

    def format_list(self, basedir, listing):
        """Return a directory listing emulating "/bin/ls -lgA" UNIX command
        output.

        <basedir> is the absolute dirname, <listing> is a list of files
        contained in that directory.

        For portability reasons permissions, hard links numbers, owners and
        groups listed are static and unreliable but it shouldn't represent a
        problem for most ftp clients around.
        If you want reliable values on unix systems override this method and
        use other attributes provided by os.stat().
        This is how output appears to client:

        -rwxrwxrwx   1 owner    group         7045120 Sep 02  3:47 music.mp3
        drwxrwxrwx   1 owner    group               0 Aug 31 18:50 e-books
        -rwxrwxrwx   1 owner    group             380 Sep 02  3:40 module.py
        """
        result = []
        for basename in listing:
            file = os.path.join(basedir, basename)
            stat = os.stat(file)

            # stat.st_mtime could fail (-1) if file's last modification time is
            # too old, in that case we return local time as last modification time.
            try:
                mtime = time.strftime("%b %d %H:%M", time.localtime(stat.st_mtime))
            except ValueError:
                mtime = time.strftime("%b %d %H:%M")

            if os.path.isfile(file) or os.path.islink(file):
                result.append("-rw-rw-rw-   1 owner    group %15s %s %s\r\n" %(
                    stat.st_size,
                    mtime,
                    basename))
            else:
                result.append("drwxrwxrwx   1 owner    group %15s %s %s\r\n" %(
                    '0', # no size
                    mtime,
                    basename))
        return ''.join(result)


# --- FTP

class FTPHandler(asynchat.async_chat):
    """Implements the FTP server Protocol Interpreter (see RFC 959), handling
    commands received from the client on the control channel by calling the
    command's corresponding method. e.g. for received command "MKD pathname",
    ftp_MKD() method is called with "pathname" as the argument.

    conn and ftpd_instance parameters are automatically passed by FTPServer
    class instance.

    All relevant session information is stored in instance variables.
    """

    # these are overridable defaults:

    # default classes
    authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
    active_dtp = ActiveDTP
    passive_dtp = PassiveDTP
    dtp_handler = DTPHandler
    abstracted_fs = AbstractedFS

    # String returned when client connects
    banner = "pyftpdlib %s ready." %__ver__

    # Maximum number of wrong authentications before disconnecting
    max_login_attempts = 3

    # FTP site-to-site transfer feature: also referenced as "FXP" it permits for
    # transferring a file between two remote FTP servers without the transfer
    # going through the client's host (not recommended for security reasons
    # as described in RFC 2577).  Having this attribute set to False means that
    # all data connections from/to remote IP addresses which do not match
    # the client's IP address will be dropped.
    permit_foreign_addresses = False

    # Set to True if you want to permit PORTing over privileged ports
    # (not recommended).
    permit_privileged_port = False

    # The "masqueraded" IP address to provide along PASV reply when pyftpdlib
    # is running behind a NAT or other types of gateways.
    # When configured pyftpdlib will hide its local address and instead use the
    # public address of your NAT.
    masquerade_address = None

    # What ports ftpd will use for its passive data transfers.  Value expected
    # is a list of integers (e.g. range(60000, 65535)).
    # When configured pyftpdlib will no longer use kernel-assigned random ports.
    passive_ports = None


    def __init__(self, conn, ftpd_instance):
        asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, conn=conn)
        self.ftpd_instance = ftpd_instance
        self.remote_ip, self.remote_port = self.socket.getpeername()
        self.in_buffer = []
        self.in_buffer_len = 0
        self.set_terminator("\r\n")

        # session attributes
        self.fs = self.abstracted_fs()
        self.in_dtp_queue = None
        self.out_dtp_queue = None
        self.authenticated = False
        self.username = ""
        self.attempted_logins = 0
        self.current_type = 'a'
        self.restart_position = 0
        self.quit_pending = False

        # dtp attributes
        self.dtp_server = None
        self.data_channel = None

    def __del__(self):
        debug("FTPHandler.__del__()")

    def handle(self):
        """Return a 220 'Ready' response to the client over the command channel."""
        if len(self.banner) <= 75:
            self.respond("220 %s" %str(self.banner))
        else:
            self.push('220-%s\r\n' %str(self.banner))
            self.respond('220 ')

    def handle_max_cons(self):
        """Called when limit for maximum number of connections is reached."""
        msg = "Too many connections. Service temporary unavailable."
        self.respond("421 %s" %msg)
        self.log(msg)
        # If self.push is used, data could not be sent immediately in which
        # case a new "loop" will occur exposing us to the risk of accepting new
        # connections.  Since this could cause asyncore to run out of fds
        # (...and exposes the server to DoS attacks), we immediately close the
        # channel by using close() instead of close_when_done(). If data has
        # not been sent yet client will be silently disconnected.
        self.close()

    def handle_max_cons_per_ip(self):
        """Called when too many clients are connected from the same IP."""
        msg = "Too many connections from the same IP address."
        self.respond("421 %s" %msg)
        self.log(msg)
        self.close_when_done()

    # --- asyncore / asynchat overridden methods

    def readable(self):
        # if there's a quit pending we stop reading data from socket
        return not self.quit_pending

    def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
        """Read incoming data and append to the input buffer."""
        self.in_buffer.append(data)
        self.in_buffer_len += len(data)
        # flush buffer if it gets too long (possible DoS attacks)
        # RFC959 specifies that a 500 response could be given in such cases
        buflimit = 2048
        if self.in_buffer_len > buflimit:
            self.respond('500 Command too long.')
            self.log('Command received exceeded buffer limit of %s.' %(buflimit))
            self.in_buffer = []
            self.in_buffer_len = 0

    # commands accepted before authentication
    unauth_cmds = ('USER','PASS','HELP','STAT','QUIT','NOOP','SYST')

    # commands needing an argument
    arg_cmds = ('ALLO','APPE','DELE','MDTM','MODE','MKD', 'PORT','REST','RETR','RMD',
                'RNFR','RNTO','SIZE', 'STOR','STRU','TYPE','USER','XMKD','XRMD')

    # commands needing no argument
    unarg_cmds = ('ABOR','CDUP','NOOP','PASV','PWD','QUIT','REIN','SYST','XCUP','XPWD')

    def found_terminator(self):
        r"""Called when the incoming data stream matches the \r\n terminator."""
        line = ''.join(self.in_buffer).strip()
        self.in_buffer = []
        self.in_buffer_len = 0

        cmd = line.split(' ')[0].upper()
        space = line.find(' ')
        if space != -1:
            arg = line[space + 1:]
        else:
            arg = ""

        if cmd != 'PASS':
            self.logline("<== %s" %line)
        else:
            self.logline("<== %s %s" %(line.split(' ')[0], '*' * 6))

        # let's check if user provided an argument for those commands needing one
        if not arg and cmd in self.arg_cmds:
            self.cmd_missing_arg()
            return

        # let's do the same for those commands requiring no argument.
        elif arg and cmd in self.unarg_cmds:
            self.cmd_needs_no_arg()
            return

        # provide a limited set of commands if user isn't authenticated yet
        if (not self.authenticated):
            if cmd in self.unauth_cmds:
                # we permit STAT during this phase but we don't want STAT to
                # return a directory LISTing if the user is not authenticated
                # yet (this could happen if STAT is used with an argument)
                if (cmd == 'STAT') and arg:
                    self.respond("530 Log in with USER and PASS first.")
                else:
                    method = getattr(self, 'ftp_'+cmd, None)
                    method(arg) # call
            elif cmd in proto_cmds:
                self.respond("530 Log in with USER and PASS first.")
            else:
                self.cmd_not_understood(line)

        # provide full command set
        elif (self.authenticated) and (cmd in proto_cmds):
            method = getattr(self, 'ftp_'+cmd, None)
            method(arg) # call

        else:
            # recognize those commands having "special semantics"
            if 'ABOR' in cmd:
                self.ftp_ABOR("")
            elif 'STAT' in cmd:
                self.ftp_STAT("")
            # unknown command
            else:
                self.cmd_not_understood(line)

    def handle_expt(self):
        """Called when there is out of band (OOB) data for the socket connection.
        This could happen in case of such commands needing "special action"
        (typically STAT and ABOR) in which case we append OOB data to incoming
        buffer.
        """
        self.debug("FTPHandler.handle_expt()")
        if hasattr(socket, 'MSG_OOB'):
            try:
                data = self.socket.recv(1024, socket.MSG_OOB)
            except socket.error:
                pass
            else:
                self.in_buffer.append(data)
                return
        self.log("Can't handle OOB data.")
        self.close()

    def handle_error(self):
        self.debug("FTPHandler.handle_error()")
        logerror(traceback.format_exc())
        self.close()

    def handle_close(self):
        self.debug("FTPHandler.handle_close()")
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        """Close the current channel disconnecting the client."""
        self.debug("FTPHandler.close()")

        if self.dtp_server:
            self.dtp_server.close()
            del self.dtp_server

        if self.data_channel:
            self.data_channel.close()
            del self.data_channel

        del self.out_dtp_queue
        del self.in_dtp_queue

        # remove client IP address from ip map
        self.ftpd_instance.ip_map.remove(self.remote_ip)
        asynchat.async_chat.close(self)
        self.log("Disconnected.")


    # --- callbacks

    def on_dtp_connection(self):
        """Called every time data channel connects (either active or passive).
        Incoming and outgoing queues are checked for pending data. If outbound
        data is pending, it is pushed into the data channel. If awaiting
        inbound data, the data channel is enabled for receiving.
        """
        self.debug("FTPHandler.on_dtp_connection()")
        if self.dtp_server:
            self.dtp_server.close()
        self.dtp_server = None

        # check for data to send
        if self.out_dtp_queue:
            data, isproducer, log = self.out_dtp_queue
            if log:
                self.log(log)
            if not isproducer:
                self.data_channel.push(data)
            else:
                self.data_channel.push_with_producer(data)
            if self.data_channel:
                self.data_channel.close_when_done()
            self.out_dtp_queue = None

        # check for data to receive
        elif self.in_dtp_queue:
            fd, log = self.in_dtp_queue
            if log:
                self.log(log)
            self.data_channel.file_obj = fd
            self.data_channel.enable_receiving(self.current_type)
            self.in_dtp_queue = None

    def on_dtp_close(self):
        """Called on DTPHandler.close()."""
        self.debug("FTPHandler.on_dtp_close()")
        self.data_channel = None
        if self.quit_pending:
            self.close_when_done()

    # --- utility

    def respond(self, resp):
        """Send a response to the client using the command channel."""
        self.push(resp + '\r\n')
        self.logline('==> %s' % resp)

    def push_dtp_data(self, data, isproducer=False, log=''):
        """Called every time a RETR, LIST or NLST is received. Pushes data into
        the data channel.  If data channel does not exist yet, we queue the data
        to send later.  Data will then be pushed into data channel when
        on_dtp_connection() is called.

        "data" argument can be either a string or a producer of data to push.
        boolean argument isproducer; if True we assume that is a producer.
        log argument is a string to log this push event with.
        """
        if self.data_channel:
            self.respond("125 Data connection already open. Transfer starting.")
            if log:
                self.log(log)
            if not isproducer:
                self.data_channel.push(data)
            else:
                self.data_channel.push_with_producer(data)
            if self.data_channel:
                self.data_channel.close_when_done()
        else:
            self.respond("150 File status okay. About to open data connection.")
            self.out_dtp_queue = (data, isproducer, log)

    def cmd_not_understood(self, line):
        """Return a 'command not understood' message to the client."""
        self.respond('500 Command "%s" not understood.' %line)

    def cmd_missing_arg(self):
        """Return a 'missing argument' message to the client."""
        self.respond("501 Syntax error: command needs an argument.")

    def cmd_needs_no_arg(self):
        """Return a 'command does not accept arguments' message to the client."""
        self.respond("501 Syntax error: command does not accept arguments.")

    def log(self, msg):
        """Log a message, including additional identifying session data."""
        log("[%s]@%s:%s %s" %(self.username, self.remote_ip, self.remote_port, msg))

    def logline(self, msg):
        """Log a line including additional indentifying session data."""
        logline("%s:%s %s" %(self.remote_ip, self.remote_port, msg))

    def debug(self, msg):
        """Log a debug message."""
        debug(msg)

    def flush_account(self):
        """Flush account information by clearing attributes that need to be
        reset on a REIN or new USER command.
        """
        if self.data_channel:
            if not self.data_channel.transfer_in_progress():
                self.data_channel.close()
                self.data_channel = None
        if self.dtp_server:
            self.dtp_server.close()
            self.dtp_server = None

        self.fs.rnfr = None
        self.authenticated = False
        self.username = ""
        self.attempted_logins = 0
        self.current_type = 'a'
        self.restart_position = 0
        self.quit_pending = False
        self.in_dtp_queue = None
        self.out_dtp_queue = None


        # --- connection

    def ftp_PORT(self, line):
        """Start an active data-channel."""
        # Parse PORT request for getting IP and PORT.  Request comes in as:
        # > h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2
        # ...where the client's IP address is h1.h2.h3.h4 and the TCP port
        # number is (p1 * 256) + p2.
        try:
            line = line.split(',')
            ip = ".".join(line[:4]).replace(',','.')
            port = (int(line[4]) * 256) + int(line[5])
        except (ValueError, OverflowError):
            self.respond("504 Invalid PORT format.")
            return

        # FTP bounce attacks protection: according to RFC 2577 it's
        # recommended to reject PORT if IP address specified in it
        # does not match client IP address.
        if not self.permit_foreign_addresses:
            if ip != self.remote_ip:
                self.log("Rejected data connection to foreign address %s:%s."
                        %(ip, port))
                self.respond("504 Can't connect to a foreign address.")
                return

        # ...another RFC 2577 recommendation is rejecting connections to
        # privileged ports (< 1024) for security reasons.  Moreover, binding to
        # such ports could require root privileges on some systems.
        if not self.permit_privileged_port:
            if port < 1024:
                self.log('PORT against the privileged port "%s" refused.' %port)
                self.respond("504 Can't connect over a privileged port.")
                return

        # close existent DTP-server instance, if any.
        if self.dtp_server:
            self.dtp_server.close()
            self.dtp_server = None

        if self.data_channel:
            self.data_channel.close()
            self.data_channel = None

        # make sure we are not hitting the max connections limit
        if self.ftpd_instance.max_cons:
            if len(self._map) >= self.ftpd_instance.max_cons:
                msg = "Too many connections. Can't open data channel."
                self.respond("425 %s" %msg)
                self.log(msg)
                return

        # open DTP channel
        self.active_dtp(ip, port, self)


    def ftp_PASV(self, line):
        """Start a passive data-channel."""
        # close existing DTP-server instance, if any
        if self.dtp_server:
            self.dtp_server.close()
            self.dtp_server = None

        if self.data_channel:
            self.data_channel.close()
            self.data_channel = None

        # make sure we are not hitting the max connections limit
        if self.ftpd_instance.max_cons:
            if len(self._map) >= self.ftpd_instance.max_cons:
                msg = "Too many connections. Can't open data channel."
                self.respond("425 %s" %msg)
                self.log(msg)
                return

        # open DTP channel
        self.dtp_server = self.passive_dtp(self)


    def ftp_QUIT(self, line):
        """Quit the current session."""
        # From RFC 959:
        # This command terminates a USER and if file transfer is not
        # in progress, the server closes the control connection.
        # If file transfer is in progress, the connection will remain
        # open for result response and the server will then close it.
        msg_quit = self.authorizer.get_msg_quit(self.username)
        if len(msg_quit) <= 75:
            self.respond("221 %s" %msg_quit)
        else:
            self.push("221-%s\r\n" %msg_quit)
            self.respond("221 ")

        if not self.data_channel:
            self.close_when_done()
        else:
            # tell the cmd channel to stop responding to commands.
            self.quit_pending = True


        # --- data transferring

    def ftp_LIST(self, line):
        """Return a list of files in the specified directory to the client.
        Defaults to the current working directory.
        """
        if line:
            # some FTP clients like older versions of Konqueror or Nautilus
            # erroneously issue /bin/ls-like LIST formats (e.g. "LIST -l",
            # "LIST -al" and so on...) instead of passing a directory as the
            # argument. If we  receive such a command, just LIST the current
            # working directory.
            if line.lower() in ("-a", "-l", "-al", "-la"):
                path = self.fs.translate(self.fs.cwd)
                line = self.fs.cwd
            # otherwise we assume the arg is a directory name
            else:
                path = self.fs.translate(line)
                line = self.fs.normalize(line)
        # no argument, fall back on cwd as default
        else:
            path = self.fs.translate(self.fs.cwd)
            line = self.fs.cwd

        try:
            data = self.fs.get_list_dir(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL LIST "%s". %s.' %(line, why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.push_dtp_data(data, log='OK LIST "%s". Transfer starting.' %line)


    def ftp_NLST(self, line):
        """Return a list of files in the specified directory in a compact form
        to the client. Default to the current directory.
        """
        if line:
            path = self.fs.translate(line)
            line = self.fs.normalize(line)
        else:
            path = self.fs.translate(self.fs.cwd)
            line = self.fs.cwd

        try:
            data = self.fs.get_nlst_dir(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL NLST "%s". %s.' %(line, why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.push_dtp_data(data, log='OK NLST "%s". Transfer starting.' %line)


    def ftp_RETR(self, line):
        """Retrieve the specified file (transfer from the server to the client)
        """
        file = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.r_perm(self.username, file):
            self.log('FAIL RETR "s". Not enough privileges.'
                        %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("550 Can't RETR: not enough privileges.")
            return

        try:
            fd = self.fs.open(file, 'rb')
        except IOError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL RETR "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
            return

        if self.restart_position:
            # Make sure that the requested offset is valid (within the
            # size of the file being resumed).
            # According to RFC 1123 a 554 reply may result in case that the
            # existing file cannot be repositioned as specified in the REST.
            ok = 0
            try:
                assert not self.restart_position > self.fs.getsize(file)
                fd.seek(self.restart_position)
                ok = 1
            except AssertionError:
                why = "Invalid REST parameter"
            except IOError, err:
                why = _strerror(err)
            self.restart_position = 0
            if not ok:
                self.respond('554 %s' %why)
                self.log('FAIL RETR "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
                return

        producer = FileProducer(fd, self.current_type)
        self.push_dtp_data(producer, isproducer=1,
            log='OK RETR "%s". Download starting.' %self.fs.normalize(line))


    def ftp_STOR(self, line, mode='w'):
        """Store a file (transfer from the client to the server)."""
        # A resume could occur in case of APPE or REST commands.
        # In that case we have to open file object in different ways:
        # STOR: mode = 'w'
        # APPE: mode = 'a'
        # REST: mode = 'r+' (to permit seeking on file object)
        if 'a' in mode:
            cmd = 'APPE'
        else:
            cmd = 'STOR'
        file = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, os.path.dirname(file)):
            self.log('FAIL %s "%s". Not enough privileges.'
                        %(cmd, self.fs.normalize(line)))
            self.respond("550 Can't STOR: not enough privileges.")
            return

        if self.restart_position:
            mode = 'r+'

        try:
            fd = self.fs.open(file, mode + 'b')
        except IOError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL %s "%s". %s.' %(cmd, self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
            return

        if self.restart_position:
            # Make sure that the requested offset is valid (within the
            # size of the file being resumed).
            # According to RFC 1123 a 554 reply may result in case that the
            # existing file cannot be repositioned as specified in the REST.
            ok = 0
            try:
                assert not self.restart_position > self.fs.getsize(file)
                fd.seek(self.restart_position)
                ok = 1
            except AssertionError:
                why = "Invalid REST parameter"
            except IOError, err:
                why = _strerror(err)
            self.restart_position = 0
            if not ok:
                self.respond('554 %s' %why)
                self.log('FAIL %s "%s". %s.' %(cmd, self.fs.normalize(line), why))
                return

        log = 'OK %s "%s". Upload starting.' %(cmd, self.fs.normalize(line))
        if self.data_channel:
            self.respond("125 Data connection already open. Transfer starting.")
            self.log(log)
            self.data_channel.file_obj = fd
            self.data_channel.enable_receiving(self.current_type)
        else:
            self.respond("150 File status okay. About to open data connection.")
            self.in_dtp_queue = (fd, log)


    def ftp_STOU(self, line):
        """Store a file on the server with a unique name."""
        # Note 1: RFC 959 prohibited STOU parameters, but this prohibition is
        # obsolete.
        # Note 2: 250 response wanted by RFC 959 has been declared incorrect
        # in RFC 1123 that wants 125/150 instead.
        # Note 3: RFC 1123 also provided an exact output format defined to be
        # as follow:
        # > 125 FILE: pppp
        # ...where pppp represents the unique path name of the file that will be
        # written.

        # watch for STOU preceded by REST, which makes no sense.
        if self.restart_position:
            self.respond("550 Can't STOU while REST request is pending.")
            return

        if line:
            basedir, prefix = os.path.split(self.fs.translate(line))
            prefix = prefix + '.'
        else:
            basedir = self.fs.translate(self.fs.cwd)
            prefix = 'ftpd.'

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, basedir):
            self.log('FAIL STOU "%s". Not enough privileges' \
                        %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("550 Can't STOU: not enough privileges.")
            return

        try:
            fd = self.fs.mkstemp(prefix=prefix, dir=basedir)
        except IOError, err:
            # hitted the max number of tries to find out file with unique name
            if err.errno == errno.EEXIST:
                why = 'No usable unique file name found.'
            # something else happened
            else:
                why = _strerror(err)
            self.respond("450 %s." %why)
            self.log('FAIL STOU "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            return

        filename = os.path.basename(fd.name)

        # now just acts like STOR excepting that restarting isn't allowed
        log = 'OK STOU "%s". Upload starting.' %filename
        if self.data_channel:
            self.respond("125 FILE: %s" %filename)
            self.log(log)
            self.data_channel.file_obj = fd
            self.data_channel.enable_receiving(self.current_type)
        else:
            self.respond("150 FILE: %s" %filename)
            self.in_dtp_queue = (fd, log)


    def ftp_APPE(self, line):
        """Append data to an existing file on the server."""
        # watch for APPE preceded by REST, which makes no sense.
        if self.restart_position:
            self.respond("550 Can't APPE while REST request is pending.")
            return
        self.ftp_STOR(line, mode='a')


    def ftp_REST(self, line):
        """Restart a file transfer from a previous mark."""
        try:
            marker = int(line)
            if marker < 0:
                raise ValueError
        except (ValueError, OverflowError):
            self.respond("501 Invalid parameter.")
        else:
            self.respond("350 Restarting at position %s. "
                        "Now use RETR/STOR for resuming." %marker)
            self.log("OK REST %s." %marker)
            self.restart_position = marker


    def ftp_ABOR(self, line):
        """Abort the current data transfer."""

        # ABOR received while no data channel exists
        if (self.dtp_server is None) and (self.data_channel is None):
            resp = "225 No transfer to abort."
        else:
            # a PASV was received but connection wasn't made yet
            if self.dtp_server:
                self.dtp_server.close()
                self.dtp_server = None
                resp = "225 ABOR command successful; data channel closed."

            # If a data transfer is in progress the server must first close
            # the data connection, returning a 426 reply to indicate that the
            # transfer terminated abnormally, then it must send a 226 reply,
            # indicating that the abort command was successfully processed.
            # If no data has been transmitted we just respond with 225
            # indicating that no transfer was in progress.
            if self.data_channel:
                if self.data_channel.transfer_in_progress():
                    self.data_channel.close()
                    self.data_channel = None
                    self.respond("426 Connection closed; transfer aborted.")
                    self.log("OK ABOR. Transfer aborted, data channel closed.")
                    resp = "226 ABOR command successful."
                else:
                    self.data_channel.close()
                    self.data_channel = None
                    self.log("OK ABOR. Data channel closed.")
                    resp = "225 ABOR command successful; data channel closed."

        self.respond(resp)


        # --- authentication

    def ftp_USER(self, line):
        """Set the username for the current session."""
        # we always treat anonymous user as lower-case string.
        if line.lower() == "anonymous":
            line = "anonymous"

        # RFC 959 specifies a 530 response to the USER command if the username
        # is not valid.  If the username is valid is required ftpd returns a 331
        # response instead.  In order to prevent a malicious client from
        # determining valid usernames on a server, it is suggested by RFC 2577
        # that a server always return 331 to the USER command and then reject
        # the combination of username and password for an invalid username when
        # PASS is provided later.
        if not self.authenticated:
            self.respond('331 Username ok, send password.')
        else:
            # a new USER command could be entered at any point in order to
            # change the access control flushing any user, password, and
            # account information already supplied and beginning the login
            # sequence again.
            self.flush_account()
            self.log('OK USER "%s". Previous account information was flushed.' %line)
            self.respond('331 Previous account information was flushed, send password.')
        self.username = line


    def ftp_PASS(self, line):
        """Check username's password against the authorizer."""

        if self.authenticated:
            self.respond("503 User already authenticated.")
            return

        if not self.username:
            self.respond("503 Login with USER first.")
            return

        # username ok
        if self.authorizer.has_user(self.username):

            if self.authorizer.validate_authentication(self.username, line) \
            or self.username == 'anonymous':
                msg_login = self.authorizer.get_msg_login(self.username)
                if len(msg_login) <= 75:
                    self.respond('230 %s' %msg_login)
                else:
                    self.push("230-%s\r\n" %msg_login)
                    self.respond("230 ")

                self.authenticated = True
                self.attempted_logins = 0
                self.fs.root = self.authorizer.get_home_dir(self.username)
                self.log("User %s logged in." %self.username)

            else:
                self.attempted_logins += 1
                if self.attempted_logins >= self.max_login_attempts:
                    self.respond("530 Maximum login attempts. Disconnecting.")
                    self.close()
                else:
                    self.respond("530 Authentication failed.")
                    self.username = ""
                self.log('Authentication failed (user: "%s").' %self.username)

        # wrong username
        else:
            self.attempted_logins += 1
            if self.attempted_logins >= self.max_login_attempts:
                self.log('Authentication failed: unknown username "%s".'
                            %self.username)
                self.respond("530 Maximum login attempts. Disconnecting.")
                self.close()
            elif self.username.lower() == 'anonymous':
                self.respond("530 Anonymous access not allowed.")
                self.log('Authentication failed: anonymous access not allowed.')
            else:
                self.respond("530 Authentication failed.")
                self.log('Authentication failed: unknown username "%s".'
                            %self.username)
                self.username = ""


    def ftp_REIN(self, line):
        """Reinitialize user's current session."""
        # From RFC 959:
        # REIN command terminates a USER, flushing all I/O and account
        # information, except to allow any transfer in progress to be
        # completed.  All parameters are reset to the default settings
        # and the control connection is left open.  This is identical
        # to the state in which a user finds himself immediately after
        # the control connection is opened.
        self.log("OK REIN. Flushing account information.")
        self.flush_account()
        # Note: RFC 959 erroneously mention "220" as the correct response
        # code to be given in this case, but this is wrong...
        self.respond("230 Ready for new user.")


        # --- filesystem operations

    def ftp_PWD(self, line):
        """Return the name of the current working directory to the client."""
        self.respond('257 "%s" is the current directory.' %self.fs.cwd)

    def ftp_CWD(self, line):
        """Change the current working directory."""
        # TODO: a lot of FTP servers go back to root directory if no arg is
        # provided but this is not specified into RFC959. Search for
        # official references about this behaviour.
        if not line:
            line = '/'

        # When CWD is received we temporarily join the specified directory
        # to see if we have permissions to do it.
        # A more elegant way to do that would be using os.access instead but I'm
        # not sure about its reliability on non-posix platforms (see, for
        # example, Python bug #1513646) or when specified paths are network
        # filesystems.
        ftp_path = self.fs.normalize(line)
        real_path = self.fs.translate(line)
        old_dir = os.getcwd()
        try:
            self.fs.chdir(real_path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL CWD "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.fs.cwd = ftp_path
            self.log('OK CWD "%s".' %self.fs.cwd)
            self.respond('250 "%s" is the current directory.' %self.fs.cwd)
            # let's use os.chdir instead of self.fs.chdir: we don't want to
            # go back to the original directory by using user's permissions.
            os.chdir(old_dir)


    def ftp_CDUP(self, line):
        """Change into the parent directory."""
        # Note: RFC 959 says that code 200 is required but it also says that
        # CDUP uses the same codes as CWD.
        self.ftp_CWD('..')


    def ftp_SIZE(self, line):
        """Return size of file in a format suitable for using with RESTart as
        defined into RFC 3659.

        Implementation note:
        properly handling the SIZE command when TYPE ASCII is used would require
        to scan the entire file to perform the ASCII translation logic
        (file.read().replace(os.linesep, '\r\n')) and then calculating the
        len of such data which may be different than the actual size of the file
        on the server.  Considering that calculating such result could be very
        resource-intensive it could be easy for a malicious client to try a DoS
        attack, thus we do not perform the ASCII translation.

        However, clients in general should not be resuming downloads in ASCII
        mode.  Resuming downloads in binary mode is the recommended way as
        specified in RFC 3659.
        """

        path = self.fs.translate(line)
        if self.fs.isdir(path):
            self.respond("550 Could not get a directory size.")
            return
        try:
            size = self.fs.getsize(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL SIZE "%s". %s' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.respond("213 %s" %size)
            self.log('OK SIZE "%s".' %self.fs.normalize(line))


    def ftp_MDTM(self, line):
        """Return last modification time of file to the client as an ISO 3307
        style timestamp (YYYYMMDDHHMMSS) as defined into RFC 3659.
        """

        path = self.fs.translate(line)
        if not self.fs.isfile(path):
            self.respond("550 No such file.")
            return
        try:
            lmt = self.fs.getmtime(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL MDTM "%s". %s' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            lmt = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime(lmt))
            self.respond("213 %s" %lmt)
            self.log('OK MDTM "%s".' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            

    def ftp_MKD(self, line):
        """Create the specified directory."""
        path = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, os.path.dirname(path)):
            self.log('FAIL MKD "%s". Not enough privileges.'
                        %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("550 Can't MKD: not enough privileges.")
            return

        try:
            self.fs.mkdir(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL MKD "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.log('OK MKD "%s".' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("257 Directory created.")


    def ftp_RMD(self, line):
        """Remove the specified directory."""
        path = self.fs.translate(line)

        if path == self.fs.root:
            msg = "Can't remove root directory."
            self.respond("550 %s" %msg)
            self.log('FAIL MKD "/". %s' %msg)
            return

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, path):
            self.log('FAIL RMD "%s". Not enough privileges.' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("550 Can't RMD: not enough privileges.")
            return

        try:
            self.fs.rmdir(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL RMD "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.log('OK RMD "%s".' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("250 Directory removed.")


    def ftp_DELE(self, line):
        """Delete the specified file."""
        path = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, path):
            self.log('FAIL DELE "%s". Not enough privileges.'
                        %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("550 Can't DELE: not enough privileges.")
            return

        try:
            self.fs.remove(path)
        except OSError, err:
            why = _strerror(err)
            self.log('FAIL DELE "%s". %s.' %(self.fs.normalize(line), why))
            self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
        else:
            self.log('OK DELE "%s".' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.respond("250 File removed.")


    def ftp_RNFR(self, line):
        """Rename the specified (only the source name is specified here. See
        RNTO command)"""
        path = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, path):
            self.log('FAIL RNFR "%s". Not enough privileges for renaming.'
                     %(self.fs.normalize(line)))
            self.respond("550 Can't RNRF: not enough privileges.")
            return
        
        if self.fs.exists(path):
            self.fs.rnfr = line
            self.respond("350 Ready for destination name.")
        else:
            self.respond("550 No such file or directory.")


    def ftp_RNTO(self, line):
        """Rename file (destination name only, source is specified with RNFR)."""
        if not self.fs.rnfr:
            self.respond("503 Bad sequence of commands: use RNFR first.")
            return

        src = self.fs.translate(self.fs.rnfr)
        dst = self.fs.translate(line)

        if not self.authorizer.w_perm(self.username, self.fs.rnfr):
            self.log('FAIL RNFR/RNTO "%s ==> %s". Not enough privileges for renaming.'
                %(self.fs.normalize(self.fs.rnfr), self.fs.normalize(line)))
            self.respond("550 Can't RNTO: not enough privileges.")
            self.fs.rnfr = None
            return

        try:
            try:
                self.fs.rename(src, dst)
            except OSError, err:
                why = _strerror(err)
                self.log('FAIL RNFR/RNTO "%s ==> %s". %s.'
                    %(self.fs.normalize(self.fs.rnfr), self.fs.normalize(line), why))
                self.respond('550 %s.' %why)
            else:
                self.log('OK RNFR/RNTO "%s ==> %s".'
                    %(self.fs.normalize(self.fs.rnfr), self.fs.normalize(line)))
                self.respond("250 Renaming ok.")
        finally:
            self.fs.rnfr = None


        # --- others

    def ftp_TYPE(self, line):
        """Set current type data type to binary/ascii"""
        line = line.upper()
        if line in ("A", "AN", "A N"):
            self.respond("200 Type set to: ASCII.")
            self.current_type = 'a'
        elif line in ("I", "L8", "L 8"):
            self.respond("200 Type set to: Binary.")
            self.current_type = 'i'
        else:
            self.respond('504 Unsupported type "%s".' %line)


    def ftp_STRU(self, line):
        """Set file structure (obsolete)."""
        # obsolete (backward compatibility with older ftp clients)
        if line in ('f','F'):
            self.respond('200 File transfer structure set to: F.')
        else:
            self.respond('504 Unimplemented STRU type.')


    def ftp_MODE(self, line):
        """Set data transfer mode (obsolete)"""
        # obsolete (backward compatibility with older ftp clients)
        if line in ('s', 'S'):
            self.respond('200 Transfer mode set to: S')
        else:
            self.respond('504 Unimplemented MODE type.')


    def ftp_STAT(self, line):
        """Return statistics about current ftp session. If an argument is
        provided return directory listing over command channel.
        """

        # return STATus information about ftpd
        if not line:
            s = []
            s.append('211-%s %s status:\r\n' %(__pname__, __ver__))
            s.append('Connected to: %s:%s\r\n' %self.socket.getsockname())
            if self.authenticated:
                s.append('Logged in as: %s\r\n' %self.username)
            else:
                if not self.username:
                    s.append("Waiting for username.\r\n")
                else:
                    s.append("Waiting for password.\r\n")
            if self.current_type == 'a':
                type = 'ASCII'
            else:
                type = 'Binary'
            s.append("TYPE: %s; STRUcture: File; MODE: Stream\r\n" %type)
            if self.data_channel:
                s.append('Data connection open:\r\n')
                s.append('Total bytes sent: %s' %self.data_channel.tot_bytes_sent)
                s.append('Total bytes received: %s' %self.data_channel.tot_bytes_received)
            else:
                s.append('Data connection closed.\r\n')
            self.push('  '.join(s))
            self.respond("211 End of status.")

        # return directory LISTing over the command channel
        else:
            # When argument is provided along STAT we should return directory
            # LISTing over the command channel.
            # RFC 959 do not explicitly mention globbing; this means that FTP
            # servers are not required to support globbing in order to be
            # compliant.  However, many FTP servers do support globbing as a
            # measure of convenience for FTP clients and users.

            # In order to search for and match the given globbing expression,
            # the code has to search (possibly) many directories, examine each
            # contained filename, and build a list of matching files in memory.
            # Since this operation can be quite intensive, both CPU- and
            # memory-wise, we limit the search to only one directory
            # non-recursively, as LIST does.
            try:
                data = self.fs.get_stat_dir(line)
            except OSError, err:
                data = _strerror(err) + '.\r\n'
            self.push('213-Status of "%s":\r\n' %self.fs.normalize(line))
            self.push(data)
            self.respond('213 End of status.')


    def ftp_NOOP(self, line):
        """Do nothing."""
        self.respond("250 I successfully done nothin'.")


    def ftp_SYST(self, line):
        """Return system type (always returns UNIX type L8)."""
        # This command is used to find out the type of operating system at the
        # server.  The reply shall have as its first word one of the system
        # names listed in RFC 943.
        # Since that we always return a "/bin/ls -lgA"-like output on LIST we
        # prefer to respond as if we would on Unix in any case.
        self.respond("215 UNIX Type: L8")


    def ftp_ALLO(self, line):
        """Allocate bytes for storage (obsolete)."""
        # obsolete (always respond with 202)
        self.respond("202 No storage allocation necessary.")


    def ftp_HELP(self, line):
        """Return help text to the client."""

        if line:
            if line.upper() in proto_cmds:
                self.respond("214 %s." %proto_cmds[line.upper()])
            else:
                self.respond("500 Unrecognized command.")
        else:
            # provide a compact list of recognized commands
            def formatted_help():
                cmds = []
                keys = proto_cmds.keys()
                keys.sort()
                while keys:
                    elems = tuple((keys[0:8]))
                    cmds.append('  %-6s' * len(elems) %elems + '\r\n')
                    del keys[0:8]
                return ''.join(cmds)

            self.push("214-The following commands are recognized:\r\n")
            self.push(formatted_help())
            self.respond("214 Help command successful.")


        # --- support for deprecated cmds

    # RFC 1123 requires that the server treat XCUP, XCWD, XMKD, XPWD and
    # XRMD commands as synonyms for CDUP, CWD, MKD, LIST and RMD.
    # Such commands are obsoleted but some ftp clients (e.g. Windows ftp.exe)
    # still use them.

    def ftp_XCUP(self, line):
        """Change to the parent directory. Synonym for CDUP. Deprecated."""
        self.ftp_CDUP(line)

    def ftp_XCWD(self, line):
        """Change the current working directory. Synonym for CWD. Deprecated."""
        self.ftp_CWD(line)

    def ftp_XMKD(self, line):
        """Create the specified directory. Synonym for MKD. Deprecated."""
        self.ftp_MKD(line)

    def ftp_XPWD(self, line):
        """Return the current working directory. Synonym for PWD. Deprecated."""
        self.ftp_PWD(line)

    def ftp_XRMD(self, line):
        """Remove the specified directory. Synonym for RMD. Deprecated."""
        self.ftp_RMD(line)


class FTPServer(asyncore.dispatcher):
    """This class is an asyncore.disptacher subclass.  It creates a FTP socket
    listening on <address>, dispatching the requests to a <handler> (typically
    FTPHandler class).
    """

    # Overiddable defaults (overriding is strongly recommended to avoid
    # running out of file descriptors (DoS) !).

    # number of maximum simultaneous connections accepted
    # (0 == unlimited)
    max_cons = 0

    # number of maximum connections accepted for the same IP address
    # (0 == unlimited)
    max_cons_per_ip = 0

    def __init__(self, address, handler):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.address = address
        self.handler = handler
        self.ip_map = []
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        if os.name == 'posix':
            self.set_reuse_addr()
        self.bind(self.address)
        self.listen(5)

    def __del__(self):
        debug("FTPServer.__del__()")

    def serve_forever(self, **kwargs):
        """A wrap around asyncore.loop(); starts the asyncore polling loop.
        The keyword arguments in kwargs are the same expected by asyncore.loop()
        function: timeout, use_poll, map and count."""

        if not 'count' in kwargs:
            log("Serving FTP on %s:%s" %self.socket.getsockname())
        try:
            # FIX #16, #26
            # use_poll specifies whether to use select module's poll()
            # with asyncore or whether to use asyncore's own poll() method
            # Python versions < 2.4 need use_poll set to False
            # This breaks on OS X systems if use_poll is set to True. All
            # systems seem to work fine with it set to False (tested on
            # Linux, Windows, and OS X platforms)
            if kwargs:
                asyncore.loop(**kwargs)
            else:
                asyncore.loop(timeout=1, use_poll=False)
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, asyncore.ExitNow):
            log("Shutting down FTPd.")
            self.close_all()

    def handle_accept(self):
        """Called when remote client initiates a connection."""
        debug("FTPServer.handle_accept()")
        sock_obj, addr = self.accept()
        log("[]%s:%s Connected." %addr)

        handler = self.handler(sock_obj, self)
        ip = addr[0]
        self.ip_map.append(ip)

        # For performance and security reasons we should always set a limit for
        # the number of file descriptors that socket_map should contain.  When
        # we're running out of such limit we'll use the last available channel
        # for sending a 421 response to the client before disconnecting it.
        if self.max_cons:
            if len(self._map) > self.max_cons:
                handler.handle_max_cons()
                return

        # accept only a limited number of connections from the same
        # source address.
        if self.max_cons_per_ip:
            if self.ip_map.count(ip) > self.max_cons_per_ip:
                handler.handle_max_cons_per_ip()
                return

        handler.handle()

    def writable(self):
        return 0

    def handle_error(self):
        """Called to handle any uncaught exceptions."""
        debug("FTPServer.handle_error()")
        logerror(traceback.format_exc())
        self.close()

    def close_all(self, map=None, ignore_all=False):
        """Stop serving; close all existent connections disconnecting clients

        The map parameter is a dictionary whose items are the channels to close.
        If map is omitted, the default asyncore.socket_map is used.
        Having ignore_all parameter set to False results in raising exception
        in case of unexpected errors.
        """
        # Implementation note:
        # instead of using the current asyncore.close_all() function which only
        # close sockets, we iterate over all existent channels calling close()
        # method for each one of them, avoiding memory leaks.
        # This is how close_all() function should appear in the fixed version
        # of asyncore that will be included in Python 2.6.
        if map is None:
            # backward compatibility for python < 2.4
            if not hasattr(self, '_map'):
                map = asyncore.socket_map
            else:
                map = self._map
        for x in map.values():
            try:
                x.close()
            except OSError, x:
                if x[0] == errno.EBADF:
                    pass
                elif not ignore_all:
                    raise
            except (asyncore.ExitNow, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
                raise
            except:
                if not ignore_all:
                    raise
        map.clear()


def test():
    # cmd line usage (provide a read-only anonymous ftp server):
    # python -m pyftpdlib.FTPServer
    authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
    authorizer.add_anonymous(os.getcwd())
    FTPHandler.authorizer = authorizer
    address = ('', 21)
    ftpd = FTPServer(address, FTPHandler)
    ftpd.serve_forever()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()


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