FTP(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual FTP(1) NNAAMMEE ffttpp -- Internet file transfer program SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ffttpp [--4466AAaaddeeffggiinnppRRttvvVV] [--NN _n_e_t_r_c] [--oo _o_u_t_p_u_t] [--PP _p_o_r_t] [--qq _q_u_i_t_t_i_m_e] [--ss _s_r_c_a_d_d_r] [--rr _r_e_t_r_y] [--TT _d_i_r,_m_a_x[,_i_n_c]] [[_u_s_e_r@]_h_o_s_t [_p_o_r_t]] [[_u_s_e_r@]_h_o_s_t:[_p_a_t_h][/]] [file:///_p_a_t_h] [ftp://[_u_s_e_r[:_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d]@]_h_o_s_t[:_p_o_r_t]/_p_a_t_h[/][;type=_X]] [http://[_u_s_e_r[:_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d]@]_h_o_s_t[:_p_o_r_t]/_p_a_t_h] [_._._.] ffttpp --uu _U_R_L _f_i_l_e [_._._.] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN ffttpp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Proto- col. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. The last five arguments will fetch a file using the FTP or HTTP proto- cols, or by direct copying, into the current directory. This is ideal for scripts. Refer to _A_U_T_O_-_F_E_T_C_H_I_N_G _F_I_L_E_S below for more information. Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter- preter. --44 Forces ffttpp to only use IPv4 addresses. --66 Forces ffttpp to only use IPv6 addresses. --AA Force active mode ftp. By default, ffttpp will try to use pas- sive mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not supported by the server. This option causes ffttpp to always use an active connection. It is only useful for connecting to very old servers that do not implement passive mode prop- erly. --aa Causes ffttpp to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anonymous login instead. --dd Enables debugging. --ee Disables command line editing. This is useful for Emacs ange-ftp mode. --ff Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the FTP or HTTP proxies. --gg Disables file name globbing. --ii Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file trans- fers. --nn Restrains ffttpp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial connection for non auto-fetch transfers. If auto-login is enabled, ffttpp will check the _._n_e_t_r_c (see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ffttpp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a pass- word and an account with which to login. To override the auto-login for auto-fetch transfers, specify the username (and optionally, password) as appropriate. --NN _n_e_t_r_c Use _n_e_t_r_c instead of _~_/_._n_e_t_r_c. Refer to _T_H_E _._n_e_t_r_c _F_I_L_E for more information. --oo _o_u_t_p_u_t When auto-fetching files, save the contents in _o_u_t_p_u_t. _o_u_t_p_u_t is parsed according to the _F_I_L_E _N_A_M_I_N_G _C_O_N_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_S below. If _o_u_t_p_u_t is not `-' or doesn't start with `|', then only the first file specified will be retrieved into _o_u_t_p_u_t; all other files will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name. --pp Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection fil- tering firewalls. This option has been deprecated as ffttpp now tries to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if the server does not support passive connections. --PP _p_o_r_t Sets the port number to _p_o_r_t. --qq _q_u_i_t_t_i_m_e Quit if the connection has stalled for _q_u_i_t_t_i_m_e seconds. --rr _w_a_i_t Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for _w_a_i_t seconds. --RR Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches. --ss _s_r_c_a_d_d_r Uses _s_r_c_a_d_d_r as the local IP address for all connections. --tt Enables packet tracing. --TT _d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n,_m_a_x_i_m_u_m[,_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t] Set the maximum transfer rate for _d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n to _m_a_x_i_m_u_m bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t bytes/second. Refer to rraattee for more information. --uu _U_R_L _f_i_l_e [...] Upload files on the command line to _U_R_L where _U_R_L is one of the ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional target filename for single file uploads), and _f_i_l_e is one or more local files to be uploaded. --vv Enable vveerrbboossee and pprrooggrreessss. This is the default if output is to a terminal (and in the case of pprrooggrreessss, ffttpp is the foreground process). Forces ffttpp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statis- tics. --VV Disable vveerrbboossee and pprrooggrreessss, overriding the default of enabled when output is to a terminal. The client host with which ffttpp is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ffttpp will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ffttpp will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ffttpp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by ffttpp: !! [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_s]] Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. $$ _m_a_c_r_o_-_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] Execute the macro _m_a_c_r_o_-_n_a_m_e that was defined with the mmaaccddeeff command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. aaccccoouunntt [_p_a_s_s_w_d] Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. aappppeenndd _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e] Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any nnttrraannss or nnmmaapp setting. File transfer uses the current settings for ttyyppee, ffoorrmmaatt, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree. aasscciiii Set the file transfer ttyyppee to network ASCII. This is the default type. bbeellll Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer com- mand is completed. bbiinnaarryy Set the file transfer ttyyppee to support binary image transfer. bbyyee Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ffttpp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. ccaassee Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during ggeett, mmggeett and mmppuutt commands. When ccaassee is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. ccdd _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y Change the working directory on the remote machine to _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. ccdduupp Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. cchhmmoodd _m_o_d_e _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e Change the permission modes of the file _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e on the remote system to _m_o_d_e. cclloossee Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. ccrr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When ccrr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line- feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when ccrr is off. ffttpp__ddeebbuugg [_f_t_p___d_e_b_u_g_-_v_a_l_u_e] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional _f_t_p___d_e_b_u_g_-_v_a_l_u_e is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debug- ging is on, ffttpp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->' ddeelleettee _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e Delete the file _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e on the remote machine. ddiirr [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e]] Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent informa- tion that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'. If _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ffttpp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ddiirr output. If no local file is specified, or if _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e is `--', the output is sent to the terminal. ddiissccoonnnneecctt A synonym for cclloossee. eeddiitt Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command and file completion. This is automatically enabled if input is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise. eeppssvv44 Toggle the use of the extended EPSV and EPRT commands on IPv4 connections; first try EPSV / EPRT, and then PASV / PORT. This is enabled by default. If an extended command fails then this option will be temporarily disabled for the dura- tion of the current connection, or until eeppssvv44 is executed again. eexxiitt A synonym for bbyyee. ffeeaattuurreess Display what features the remote server supports (using the FEAT command). ffggeett _l_o_c_a_l_f_i_l_e Retrieve the files listed in _l_o_c_a_l_f_i_l_e, which has one line per filename. ffoorrmm _f_o_r_m_a_t Set the file transfer ffoorrmm to _f_o_r_m_a_t. The default (and only supported) format is ``non-print''. ffttpp _h_o_s_t [_p_o_r_t] A synonym for ooppeenn. ggaattee [_h_o_s_t [_p_o_r_t]] Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies. This will not be permitted if the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the user, or from the FTPSERVER environment variable). If _h_o_s_t is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate- ftp server will be set to _h_o_s_t. If _p_o_r_t is also given, that will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp server. ggeett _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e] Retrieve the _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current ccaassee, nnttrraannss, and nnmmaapp settings. The current settings for ttyyppee, ffoorrmm, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree are used while transferring the file. gglloobb Toggle filename expansion for mmddeelleettee, mmggeett, mmppuutt, and mmrreeggeett. If globbing is turned off with gglloobb, the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mmppuutt is done as in csh(1). For mmddeelleettee, mmggeett, and mmrreeggeett, each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a direc- tory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -' Note: mmggeett, mmppuutt and mmrreeggeett are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the sub- tree (in binary mode). hhaasshh [_s_i_z_e] Toggle hash-sign (`#') printing for each data block trans- ferred. The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes. This can be changed by specifying _s_i_z_e in bytes. Enabling hhaasshh disables pprrooggrreessss. hheellpp [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] Print an informative message about the meaning of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If no argument is given, ffttpp prints a list of the known com- mands. iiddllee [_s_e_c_o_n_d_s] Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to _s_e_c_o_n_d_s sec- onds. If _s_e_c_o_n_d_s is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. iimmaaggee A synonym for bbiinnaarryy. llccdd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] Change the working directory on the local machine. If no _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is specified, the user's home directory is used. lleessss _f_i_l_e A synonym for ppaaggee. llppaaggee _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e Display _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e with the program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option. llppwwdd Print the working directory on the local machine. llss [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e]] A synonym for ddiirr. mmaaccddeeff _m_a_c_r_o_-_n_a_m_e Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro _m_a_c_r_o_-_n_a_m_e; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macro names can be a maxi- mum of 8 characters. Macros are only applicable to the cur- rent session they are defined within (or if defined outside a session, to the session invoked with the next ooppeenn command), and remain defined until a cclloossee command is executed. To invoke a macro, use the $$ command (see above). The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special charac- ters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals the macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass ``$i'' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invoca- tion command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent spe- cial treatment of the `$'. mmddeelleettee [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s] Delete the _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s on the remote machine. mmddiirr _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e Like ddiirr, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ffttpp will prompt the user to ver- ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mmddiirr output. mmggeett _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s Expand the _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s on the remote machine and do a ggeett for each file name thus produced. See gglloobb for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ccaassee, nnttrraannss, and nnmmaapp settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories can be created with `! mkdir directory'. mmkkddiirr _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_-_n_a_m_e Make a directory on the remote machine. mmllss _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e Like llss, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ffttpp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu- ment is indeed the target local file for receiving mmllss out- put. mmllssdd [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h] Display the contents of _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using MLSD. The format of display can be changed with `remopts mlst ...'. mmllsstt [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h] Display the details about _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using MLST. The format of display can be changed with `remopts mlst ...'. mmooddee _m_o_d_e_-_n_a_m_e Set the file transfer mmooddee to _m_o_d_e_-_n_a_m_e. The default (and only supported) mode is ``stream''. mmooddttiimmee _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine, in RFC2822 format. mmoorree _f_i_l_e A synonym for ppaaggee. mmppuutt _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e_s Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as argu- ments and do a ppuutt for each file in the resulting list. See gglloobb for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to nnttrraannss and nnmmaapp settings. mmrreeggeett _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e_s As per mmggeett, but performs a rreeggeett instead of ggeett. mmsseenndd _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e_s A synonym for mmppuutt. nneewweerr _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e] Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered nneewweerr. Otherwise, this command is identical to _g_e_t. nnlliisstt [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e]] A synonym for llss. nnmmaapp [_i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mmppuutt commands and ppuutt commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mmggeett commands and ggeett commands issued without a specified local target filename. This com- mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n and _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n. [_I_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the nnttrraannss and ccaassee settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences ``$1'', ``$2'', ... ``$9'' in _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n. Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nnmmaapp [_i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] variable values. For example, given _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n determines the resulting mapped file- name. The sequences ``$1'', ``$2'', ... ``$9'' are replaced by any value resulting from the _i_n_p_a_t_t_e_r_n template. The sequence ``$0'' is replaced by the original filename. Addi- tionally, the sequence ``[_s_e_q_1, _s_e_q_2]'' is replaced by [_s_e_q_1] if _s_e_q_1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by _s_e_q_2. For example, the command nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input file- names "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in _o_u_t_p_a_t_t_e_r_n, as in the example: nmap $1 sed s/ *$// > $1 Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$', `[', `]', and `,' characters. nnttrraannss [_i_n_c_h_a_r_s [_o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s]] Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character trans- lation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, char- acters in remote filenames are translated during mmppuutt com- mands and ppuutt commands issued without a specified remote tar- get filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mmggeett commands and ggeett commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in _i_n_c_h_a_r_s are replaced with the corresponding character in _o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s. If the character's position in _i_n_c_h_a_r_s is longer than the length of _o_u_t_c_h_a_r_s, the character is deleted from the file name. ooppeenn _h_o_s_t [_p_o_r_t] Establish a connection to the specified _h_o_s_t FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ffttpp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the sseett aauuttoo--llooggiinn option is on (default), ffttpp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below). ppaaggee _f_i_l_e Retrieve ffiillee and display with the program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option. ppaassssiivvee [aauuttoo] Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given). If aauuttoo is given, act as if FTPMODE is set to `auto'. If passive mode is turned on (default), ffttpp will send a PASV command for all data connections instead of a PORT command. The PASV command requests that the remote server open a port for the data con- nection and return the address of that port. The remote server listens on that port and the client connects to it. When using the more traditional PORT command, the client lis- tens on a port and sends that address to the remote server, who connects back to it. Passive mode is useful when using ffttpp through a gateway router or host that controls the direc- tionality of traffic. (Note that though FTP servers are required to support the PASV command by RFC1123, some do not.) ppddiirr [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h] Perform ddiirr [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h], and display the result with the program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option. ppllss [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h] Perform llss [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h], and display the result with the program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option. ppmmllssdd [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h] Perform mmllssdd [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_p_a_t_h], and display the result with the program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option. pprreesseerrvvee Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files. pprrooggrreessss Toggle display of transfer progress bar. The progress bar will be disabled for a transfer that has _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e as `--' or a command that starts with `|'. Refer to _F_I_L_E _N_A_M_I_N_G _C_O_N_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_S for more information. Enabling pprrooggrreessss disables hhaasshh. pprroommpptt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selec- tively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mmggeett or mmppuutt will transfer all files, and any mmddeelleettee will delete all files. When prompting is on, the following commands are available at a prompt: aa Answer `yes' to the current file, and automatically answer `yes' to any remaining files for the current command. nn Answer `no', and do not transfer the file. pp Answer `yes' to the current file, and turn off prompt mode (as is ``prompt off'' had been given). qq Terminate the current operation. yy Answer `yes', and transfer the file. ?? Display a help message. Any other response will answer `yes' to the current file. pprrooxxyy _f_t_p_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first pprrooxxyy command should be an ooppeenn, to establish the sec- ondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other FTP commands executable on the secondary connec- tion. The following commands behave differently when pref- aced by pprrooxxyy: ooppeenn will not define new macros during the auto-login process, cclloossee will not erase existing macro defi- nitions, ggeett and mmggeett transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary con- trol connection, and ppuutt, mmppuutt, and aappppeenndd transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file trans- fers depend upon support of the FTP protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. ppuutt _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e] Store a local file on the remote machine. If _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e is left unspecified, the local file name is used after process- ing according to any nnttrraannss or nnmmaapp settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for ttyyppee, ffoorrmmaatt, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree. ppwwdd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. qquuiitt A synonym for bbyyee. qquuoottee _a_r_g_1 _a_r_g_2 _._._. The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. rraattee _d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n [_m_a_x_i_m_u_m [_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t]] Throttle the maximum transfer rate to _m_a_x_i_m_u_m bytes/second. If _m_a_x_i_m_u_m is 0, disable the throttle. _d_i_r_e_c_t_i_o_n may be one of: aallll Both directions. ggeett Incoming transfers. ppuutt Outgoing transfers. _m_a_x_i_m_u_m can be modified on the fly by _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t bytes (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received: SIGUSR1 Increment _m_a_x_i_m_u_m by _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t bytes. SIGUSR2 Decrement _m_a_x_i_m_u_m by _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t bytes. The result must be a positive number. If _m_a_x_i_m_u_m is not supplied, the current throttle rates are displayed. Note: rraattee is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers. rrccvvbbuuff _s_i_z_e Set the size of the socket receive buffer to _s_i_z_e. rreeccvv _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e] A synonym for ggeett. rreeggeett _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e [_l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e] rreeggeett acts like ggeett, except that if _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e exists and is smaller than _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e, _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e is presumed to be a par- tially transferred copy of _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. rreemmooppttss _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_o_p_t_i_o_n_s] Set options on the remote FTP server for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_o_p_t_i_o_n_s (whose absence is handled on a command-spe- cific basis). Remote FTP commands known to support options include: `MLST' (used for MLSD and MLST). rreennaammee [_f_r_o_m [_t_o]] Rename the file _f_r_o_m on the remote machine, to the file _t_o. rreesseett Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes com- mand/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server. Resynchro- nization may be necessary following a violation of the FTP protocol by the remote server. rreessttaarrtt _m_a_r_k_e_r Restart the immediately following ggeett or ppuutt at the indicated _m_a_r_k_e_r. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. rrhheellpp [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_n_a_m_e] Request help from the remote FTP server. If a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_-_n_a_m_e is specified it is supplied to the server as well. rrmmddiirr _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_-_n_a_m_e Delete a directory on the remote machine. rrssttaattuuss [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e] With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e is specified, show status of _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e on remote machine. rruunniiqquuee Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique file- names. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a ggeett or mmggeett command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that rruunniiqquuee will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. sseenndd _l_o_c_a_l_-_f_i_l_e [_r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e] A synonym for ppuutt. sseennddppoorrtt Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ffttpp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ffttpp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted. sseett [_o_p_t_i_o_n _v_a_l_u_e] Set _o_p_t_i_o_n to _v_a_l_u_e. If _o_p_t_i_o_n and _v_a_l_u_e are not given, dis- play all of the options and their values. The currently sup- ported options are: aannoonnppaassss Defaults to $FTPANONPASS ffttpp__pprrooxxyy Defaults to $ftp_proxy. hhttttpp__pprrooxxyy Defaults to $http_proxy. nnoo__pprrooxxyy Defaults to $no_proxy. ppaaggeerr Defaults to $PAGER. pprroommpptt Defaults to $FTPPROMPT. rrpprroommpptt Defaults to $FTPRPROMPT. ssiittee _a_r_g_1 _a_r_g_2 _._._. The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command. ssiizzee _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e Return size of _r_e_m_o_t_e_-_f_i_l_e on remote machine. ssnnddbbuuff _s_i_z_e Set the size of the socket send buffer to _s_i_z_e. ssttaattuuss Show the current status of ffttpp. ssttrruucctt _s_t_r_u_c_t_-_n_a_m_e Set the file transfer _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e to _s_t_r_u_c_t_-_n_a_m_e. The default (and only supported) structure is ``file''. ssuunniiqquuee Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote FTP server must support FTP protocol STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. ssyysstteemm Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. tteenneexx Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines. tthhrroottttllee A synonym for rraattee. ttrraaccee Toggle packet tracing. ttyyppee [_t_y_p_e_-_n_a_m_e] Set the file transfer ttyyppee to _t_y_p_e_-_n_a_m_e. If no type is spec- ified, the current type is printed. The default type is net- work ASCII. uummaasskk [_n_e_w_m_a_s_k] Set the default umask on the remote server to _n_e_w_m_a_s_k. If _n_e_w_m_a_s_k is omitted, the current umask is printed. uunnsseett _o_p_t_i_o_n Unset _o_p_t_i_o_n. Refer to sseett for more information. uussaaggee _c_o_m_m_a_n_d Print the usage message for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. uusseerr _u_s_e_r_-_n_a_m_e [_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d [_a_c_c_o_u_n_t]] Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the _p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d is not specified and the server requires it, ffttpp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an _a_c_c_o_u_n_t field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an _a_c_c_o_u_n_t field is speci- fied, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ffttpp is invoked with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automati- cally on initial connection to the FTP server. vveerrbboossee Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if ver- bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. xxffeerrbbuuff _s_i_z_e Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to _s_i_z_e. ?? [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d] A synonym for hheellpp. Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks. Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit oonn or ooffff argument to force the setting appropriately. Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., hhaasshh, rraattee, and xxffeerrbbuuff) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the interpretation of the argument. Supported suffixes are: b Causes no modification. (Optional) k Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024 m Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576 g Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824 If ffttpp receives a SIGINFO (see the ``status'' argument of stty(1)) or SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same format as the standard completion message. AAUUTTOO--FFEETTCCHHIINNGG FFIILLEESS In addition to standard commands, this version of ffttpp supports an auto- fetch feature. To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of host- names/files on the command line. The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element: [_u_s_e_r@]_h_o_s_t:[_p_a_t_h][/] ``Classic'' FTP format. If _p_a_t_h contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see gglloobb), then the equivalent of `mget path' is performed. If the directory component of _p_a_t_h contains no globbing characters, it is stored locally with the name basename (see basename(1)) of ppaatthh, in the current directory. Otherwise, the full remote name is used as the local name, relative to the local root directory. ftp://[_u_s_e_r[:_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d]@]_h_o_s_t[:_p_o_r_t]/_p_a_t_h[/][;type=_X] An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if sseett ffttpp__pprrooxxyy isn't defined. Otherwise, transfer the URL using HTTP via the proxy defined in sseett ffttpp__pprrooxxyy. If sseett ffttpp__pprrooxxyy isn't defined and _u_s_e_r is given, login as _u_s_e_r. In this case, use _p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d if supplied, otherwise prompt the user for one. If a suffix of `;type=A' or `;type=I' is supplied, then the trans- fer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively). The default transfer type is binary. In order to be compliant with RFC3986, ffttpp interprets the _p_a_t_h part of an ``ftp://'' auto-fetch URL as follows: ++oo The `/' immediately after the _h_o_s_t[:_p_o_r_t] is interpreted as a separator before the _p_a_t_h, and not as part of the _p_a_t_h itself. ++oo The _p_a_t_h is interpreted as a `/'-separated list of name compo- nents. For all but the last such component, ffttpp performs the equivalent of a ccdd command. For the last path component, ffttpp performs the equivalent of a ggeett command. ++oo Empty name components, which result from `//' within the _p_a_t_h, or from an extra `/' at the beginning of the _p_a_t_h, will cause the equivalent of a ccdd command without a directory name. This is unlikely to be useful. ++oo Any `%_X_X' codes (per RFC3986) within the path components are decoded, with _X_X representing a character code in hexadecimal. This decoding takes place after the _p_a_t_h has been split into components, but before each component is used in the equivalent of a ccdd or ggeett command. Some often-used codes are `%2F' (which represents `/') and `%7E' (which represents `~'). The above interpretation has the following consequences: ++oo The path is interpreted relative to the default login directory of the specified user or of the `anonymous' user. If the _/ directory is required, use a leading path of ``%2F''. If a user's home directory is required (and the remote server sup- ports the syntax), use a leading path of ``%7Euser/''. For example, to retrieve _/_e_t_c_/_m_o_t_d from `localhost' as the user `myname' with the password `mypass', use ``ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd'' ++oo The exact ccdd and ggeett commands can be controlled by careful choice of where to use `/' and where to use `%2F' (or `%2f'). For example, the following URLs correspond to the equivalents of the indicated commands: ftp://host/dir1/dir2/file ``cd dir1'', ``cd dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1/dir2/file ``cd /dir1'', ``cd dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2/file ``cd dir1/dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2/file ``cd /dir1/dir2'', ``get file''. ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile ``get dir1/dir2/file''. ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile ``get /dir1/dir2/file''. ++oo You must have appropriate access permission for each of the intermediate directories that is used in the equivalent of a ccdd command. http://[_u_s_e_r[:_p_a_s_s_w_o_r_d]@]_h_o_s_t[:_p_o_r_t]/_p_a_t_h An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol. If sseett hhttttpp__pprrooxxyy is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server. If HTTP authorization is required to retrieve _p_a_t_h, and `user' (and option- ally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to authenticate. file:///_p_a_t_h A local URL, copied from _/_p_a_t_h on the local host. about:_t_o_p_i_c Display information regarding _t_o_p_i_c; no file is retrieved for this auto-fetched element. Supported values include: about:ftp Information about ffttpp. about:version The version of ffttpp. Useful to provide when report- ing problems. Unless noted otherwise above, and --oo _o_u_t_p_u_t is not given, the file is stored in the current directory as the basename(1) of _p_a_t_h. Note that if a HTTP redirect is received, the fetch is retried using the new target URL supplied by the server, with a corresponding new _p_a_t_h. Using an explicit --oo _o_u_t_p_u_t is recommended, to avoid writing to unexpected file names. If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing `/' or an empty _p_a_t_h component, then ffttpp will connect to the site and ccdd to the directory given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for fur- ther input. This will not work if sseett ffttpp__pprrooxxyy is being used. Direct HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1. Proxied FTP and HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.0. If --RR is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the FTP or HTTP prox- ies will be restarted. For FTP, this is implemented by using rreeggeett instead of ggeett. For HTTP, this is implemented by using the `Range: bytes=' HTTP/1.1 directive. If WWW or proxy WWW authentication is required, you will be prompted to enter a username and password to authenticate with. When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the address in square brackets. E.g.: ``ftp://[::1]:21/''. This is because colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator for the port number. AABBOORRTTIINNGG AA FFIILLEE TTRRAANNSSFFEERR To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl- C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending an FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, the prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst ffttpp is awaiting a reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection will be closed. This is different from the traditional behaviour (which ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more useful. FFIILLEE NNAAMMIINNGG CCOONNVVEENNTTIIOONNSS Files specified as arguments to ffttpp commands are processed according to the following rules. 1. If the file name `--' is specified, the _s_t_d_i_n (for reading) or _s_t_d_o_u_t (for writing) is used. 2. If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. ffttpp then forks a shell, using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argu- ment must be quoted; e.g. ``"| ls -lt"''. A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: ``dir "" |more''. 3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); see the gglloobb command. If the ffttpp command expects a single local file (e.g. ppuutt), only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used. 4. For mmggeett commands and ggeett commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a ccaassee, nnttrraannss, or nnmmaapp setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if rruunniiqquuee is on. 5. For mmppuutt commands and ppuutt commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a nnttrraannss or nnmmaapp setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if ssuunniiqquuee is on. FFIILLEE TTRRAANNSSFFEERR PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The ttyyppee may be one of ``ascii'', ``image'' (binary), ``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). ffttpp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tteenneexx mode transfers. ffttpp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: mmooddee, ffoorrmm, and ssttrruucctt. TTHHEE ..nneettrrcc FFIILLEE The _._n_e_t_r_c file contains login and initialization information used by the auto-login process. It resides in the user's home directory, unless overridden with the --NN _n_e_t_r_c option, or specified in the NETRC environ- ment variable. The following tokens are recognized; they may be sepa- rated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines: mmaacchhiinnee _n_a_m_e Identify a remote machine _n_a_m_e. The auto-login process searches the _._n_e_t_r_c file for a mmaacchhiinnee token that matches the remote machine specified on the ffttpp command line or as an ooppeenn command argument. Once a match is made, the subsequent _._n_e_t_r_c tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached or another mmaacchhiinnee or a ddeeffaauulltt token is encountered. ddeeffaauulltt This is the same as mmaacchhiinnee _n_a_m_e except that ddeeffaauulltt matches any name. There can be only one ddeeffaauulltt token, and it must be after all mmaacchhiinnee tokens. This is normally used as: default login anonymous password user@site thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous FTP login to machines not specified in _._n_e_t_r_c. This can be overridden by using the --nn flag to disable auto-login. llooggiinn _n_a_m_e Identify a user on the remote machine. If this token is present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the specified _n_a_m_e. ppaasssswwoorrdd _s_t_r_i_n_g Supply a password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires a password as part of the login process. Note that if this token is present in the _._n_e_t_r_c file for any user other than _a_n_o_n_y_m_o_u_s, ffttpp will abort the auto-login process if the _._n_e_t_r_c is readable by anyone besides the user. aaccccoouunntt _s_t_r_i_n_g Supply an additional account password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires an additional account password, or the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT com- mand if it does not. mmaaccddeeff _n_a_m_e Define a macro. This token functions like the ffttpp mmaaccddeeff com- mand functions. A macro is defined with the specified name; its contents begin with the next _._n_e_t_r_c line and continue until a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered. Like the other tokens in the _._n_e_t_r_c file, a mmaaccddeeff is applica- ble only to the mmaacchhiinnee definition preceding it. A mmaaccddeeff entry cannot be utilized by multiple mmaacchhiinnee definitions; rather, it must be defined following each mmaacchhiinnee it is intended to be used with. If a macro named iinniitt is defined, it is automatically executed as the last step in the auto-login process. For example, default macdef init epsv4 off followed by a blank line. CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG ffttpp supports interactive command line editing, via the editline(3) library. It is enabled with the eeddiitt command, and is enabled by default if input is from a tty. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as well. The editline(3) library is configured with a _._e_d_i_t_r_c file - refer to editrc(5) for more information. An extra key binding is available to ffttpp to provide context sensitive command and filename completion (including remote file completion). To use this, bind a key to the editline(3) command ffttpp--ccoommpplleettee. By default, this is bound to the TAB key. CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE PPRROOMMPPTT By default, ffttpp displays a command line prompt of ``ftp> '' to the user. This can be changed with the sseett pprroommpptt command. A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the com- mand input) with the sseett rrpprroommpptt command. The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information: %/ The current remote working directory. %c[[0]_n],%.[[0]_n] The trailing component of the current remote working direc- tory, or _n trailing components if a digit _n is given. If _n begins with `0', the number of skipped components precede the trailing component(s) in the format ``/<_n_u_m_b_e_r>_t_r_a_i_l_i_n_g'' (for `%c') or ``..._t_r_a_i_l_i_n_g'' (for `%.'). %M The remote host name. %m The remote host name, up to the first `.'. %n The remote user name. %% A single `%'. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT ffttpp uses the following environment variables. FTPANONPASS Password to send in an anonymous FTP transfer. Defaults to ```whoami`@''. FTPMODE Overrides the default operation mode. Support values are: aaccttiivvee active mode FTP only aauuttoo automatic determination of passive or active (this is the default) ggaattee gate-ftp mode ppaassssiivvee passive mode FTP only FTPPROMPT Command-line prompt to use. Defaults to ``ftp> ''. Refer to _C_O_M_M_A_N_D _L_I_N_E _P_R_O_M_P_T for more information. FTPRPROMPT Command-line right side prompt to use. Defaults to ``''. Refer to _C_O_M_M_A_N_D _L_I_N_E _P_R_O_M_P_T for more information. FTPSERVER Host to use as gate-ftp server when ggaattee is enabled. FTPSERVERPORT Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when ggaattee is enabled. Default is port returned by a ggeettsseerrvvbbyynnaammee() lookup of ``ftpgate/tcp''. FTPUSERAGENT The value to send for the HTTP User-Agent header. HOME For default location of a _._n_e_t_r_c file, if one exists. NETRC An alternate location of the _._n_e_t_r_c file. PAGER Used by various commands to display files. Defaults to more(1) if empty or not set. SHELL For default shell. ftp_proxy URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests (if not defined, use the standard FTP protocol). See http_proxy for further notes about proxy use. http_proxy URL of HTTP proxy to use when making HTTP URL requests. If proxy authentication is required and there is a user- name and password in this URL, they will automatically be used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy. If ``unsafe'' URL characters are required in the username or password (for example `@' or `/'), encode them with RFC3986 `%_X_X' encoding. Note that the use of a username and password in ftp_proxy and http_proxy may be incompatible with other programs that use it (such as lynx(1)). _N_O_T_E: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for command-line fetches. no_proxy A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for which proxying is not to be used. Each entry may have an optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to connections to that port. EEXXTTEENNDDEEDD PPAASSSSIIVVEE MMOODDEE AANNDD FFIIRREEWWAALLLLSS Some firewall configurations do not allow ffttpp to use extended passive mode. If you find that even a simple llss appears to hang after printing a message such as this: 229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||58551|) then you will need to disable extended passive mode with eeppssvv44 ooffff. See the above section _T_h_e _._n_e_t_r_c _F_i_l_e for an example of how to make this automatic. SSEEEE AALLSSOO getservbyname(3), editrc(5), services(5), ftpd(8) SSTTAANNDDAARRDDSS ffttpp attempts to be compliant with: RFC0959 _F_i_l_e _T_r_a_n_s_f_e_r _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l RFC1123 _R_e_q_u_i_r_e_m_e_n_t_s _f_o_r _I_n_t_e_r_n_e_t _H_o_s_t_s _- _A_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _S_u_p_p_o_r_t RFC1635 _H_o_w _t_o _U_s_e _A_n_o_n_y_m_o_u_s _F_T_P RFC2389 _F_e_a_t_u_r_e _n_e_g_o_t_i_a_t_i_o_n _m_e_c_h_a_n_i_s_m _f_o_r _t_h_e _F_i_l_e _T_r_a_n_s_f_e_r _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l RFC2428 _F_T_P _E_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n_s _f_o_r _I_P_v_6 _a_n_d _N_A_T_s RFC2616 _H_y_p_e_r_t_e_x_t _T_r_a_n_s_f_e_r _P_r_o_t_o_c_o_l _-_- _H_T_T_P_/_1_._1 RFC2822 _I_n_t_e_r_n_e_t _M_e_s_s_a_g_e _F_o_r_m_a_t RFC3659 _E_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n_s _t_o _F_T_P RFC3986 _U_n_i_f_o_r_m _R_e_s_o_u_r_c_e _I_d_e_n_t_i_f_i_e_r _(_U_R_I_) HHIISSTTOORRYY The ffttpp command appeared in 4.2BSD. Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, con- figurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard BSD ffttpp were implemented in NetBSD 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn . IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME). BBUUGGSS Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server. An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incor- rect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type. ffttpp assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses (IPv6 addresses with a form like ::ffff:10.1.1.1) indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by AF_INET sockets. However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this assumption is not true. In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses must be passed to AF_INET6 sockets directly. For example, if your site uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, ffttpp is unable to support your configuration. NetBSD 3.1.1 July 18, 2007 NetBSD 3.1.1