/************************************************************************/
/*                                                                      */
/*               Copyright 1998-2002 by Ullrich Koethe                  */
/*       Cognitive Systems Group, University of Hamburg, Germany        */
/*                                                                      */
/*    This file is part of the VIGRA computer vision library.           */
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#ifndef VIGRA_LABELIMAGE_HXX
#define VIGRA_LABELIMAGE_HXX

#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include "vigra/utilities.hxx"
#include "vigra/stdimage.hxx"

namespace vigra {

/** \addtogroup Labeling Connected Components Labeling
     The connected components algorithm may use either 4 or 8 connectivity.
     By means of a functor the merge criterium can be defined arbitrarily.
*/
//@{

/********************************************************/
/*                                                      */
/*                        labelImage                    */
/*                                                      */
/********************************************************/

/** \brief Find the connected components of a segmented image.

    Connected components are defined as regions with uniform pixel
    values. Thus, <TT>SrcAccessor::value_type</TT> either must be
    equality comparable (first form), or an EqualityFunctor must be
    provided that realizes the desired predicate (second form). The
    destination's value type should be large enough to hold the labels
    without overflow. Region numbers will be a consecutive sequence
    starting with one and ending with the region number returned by
    the function (inclusive). The parameter '<TT>eight_neighbors</TT>'
    determines whether the regions should be 4-connected or
    8-connected. The function uses accessors.

    <b> Declarations:</b>

    pass arguments explicitly:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor>
        unsigned int labelImage(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                                SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                                DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                                bool eight_neighbors);

        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class EqualityFunctor>
        unsigned int labelImage(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                                SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                                DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                                bool eight_neighbors, EqualityFunctor equal);
    }
    \endcode

    use argument objects in conjunction with \ref ArgumentObjectFactories:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor>
        unsigned int labelImage(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                                pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                                bool eight_neighbors);

        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class EqualityFunctor>
        unsigned int labelImage(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                                pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                                bool eight_neighbors, EqualityFunctor equal)
    }
    \endcode

    Return:  the number of regions found (= largest region label)

    <b> Usage:</b>

        <b>\#include</b> "<a href="labelimage_8hxx-source.html">vigra/labelimage.hxx</a>"<br>
    Namespace: vigra

    \code
    vigra::BImage src(w,h);
    vigra::IImage labels(w,h);

    // threshold at 128
    vigra::transformImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(src),
       vigra::Threshold<vigra::BImage::PixelType, vigra::BImage::PixelType>(
                                                    128, 256, 0, 255));

    // find 4-connected regions
    vigra::labelImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(labels), false);
    \endcode

    <b> Required Interface:</b>

    \code
    SrcImageIterator src_upperleft, src_lowerright;
    DestImageIterator dest_upperleft;

    SrcAccessor src_accessor;
    DestAccessor dest_accessor;

    SrcAccessor::value_type u = src_accessor(src_upperleft);

    u == u                  // first form

    EqualityFunctor equal;      // second form
    equal(u, u)                 // second form

    int i;
    dest_accessor.set(i, dest_upperleft);
    \endcode

*/
template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class EqualityFunctor>
unsigned int labelImage(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                        SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                        DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                        bool eight_neighbors, EqualityFunctor equal)
{
    int w = lowerrights.x - upperlefts.x;
    int h = lowerrights.y - upperlefts.y;
    int x,y,i;

    static const Diff2D neighbor[] = {
        Diff2D(-1,0),  // left
        Diff2D(-1,-1), // topleft
        Diff2D(0,-1),  // top
        Diff2D(1,-1)   // topright
    };

    static const int left = 0, /* unused:  topleft = 1, */ top = 2, topright = 3;
    int step = eight_neighbors ? 1 : 2;

    SrcIterator ys(upperlefts);
    SrcIterator xs(ys);

    // temporary image to store region labels
    IImage labelimage(w, h);

    IImage::Iterator yt = labelimage.upperLeft();
    IImage::Iterator xt(yt);

    // Kovalevsky's clever idea to use
    // image iterator and scan order iterator simultaneously
    IImage::ScanOrderIterator label = labelimage.begin();

    // pass 1: scan image from upper left to lower right
    // to find connected components

    // Each component will be represented by a tree of pixels. Each
    // pixel contains the scan order address of its parent in the
    // tree.  In order for pass 2 to work correctly, the parent must
    // always have a smaller scan order address than the child.
    // Therefore, we can merge trees only at their roots, because the
    // root of the combined tree must have the smallest scan order
    // address among all the tree's pixels/ nodes.  The root of each
    // tree is distinguished by pointing to itself (it contains its
    // own scan order address). This condition is enforced whenever a
    // new region is found or two regions are merged


    for(y = 0; y != h; ++y, ++ys.y, ++yt.y)
    {
        xs = ys;
        xt = yt;

        int endNeighbor = (y == 0) ? left : (eight_neighbors ? topright : top);

        for(x = 0; x != w; ++x, ++xs.x, ++xt.x)
        {
            int beginNeighbor = (x == 0) ? top : left;
            if(x == w-1 && endNeighbor == topright) endNeighbor = top;

            for(i=beginNeighbor; i<=endNeighbor; i+=step)
            {
                if(equal(sa(xs), sa(xs, neighbor[i])))
                {
                    int neighborLabel = xt[neighbor[i]];

                    for(int j=i+2; j<=endNeighbor; j+=step)
                    {
                        if(equal(sa(xs), sa(xs, neighbor[j])))
                        {
                            int neighborLabel1 = xt[neighbor[j]];

                            if(neighborLabel != neighborLabel1)
                            {
                                // find roots of the region trees
                                while(neighborLabel != label[neighborLabel])
                                {
                                    neighborLabel = label[neighborLabel];
                                }
                                while(neighborLabel1 != label[neighborLabel1])
                                {
                                    neighborLabel1 = label[neighborLabel1];
                                }

                                // merge the trees
                                if(neighborLabel1 < neighborLabel)
                                {
                                    label[neighborLabel] = neighborLabel1;
                                    neighborLabel = neighborLabel1;
                                }
                                else if(neighborLabel < neighborLabel1)
                                {
                                    label[neighborLabel1] = neighborLabel;
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    *xt = neighborLabel;
                    break;
                }

            }
            if(i > endNeighbor)
            {
                // new region
                // The initial label of a new region equals the
                // scan order address of it's first pixel.
                // This is essential for correct operation of the algorithm.
                *xt = x + y*w;
            }
        }
    }

    // pass 2: assign one label to each region (tree)
    // so that labels form a consecutive sequence 1, 2, ...
    DestIterator yd(upperleftd);

    unsigned int count = 0;
    i = 0;
    for(y=0; y != h; ++y, ++yd.y)
    {
        DestIterator xd(yd);
        for(x = 0; x != w; ++x, ++xd.x, ++i)
        {
            if(label[i] == i)
            {
                label[i] = ++count;
            }
            else
            {
                label[i] = label[label[i]];
            }
            da.set(label[i], xd);
        }
    }
    return count;
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class EqualityFunctor>
inline
unsigned int labelImage(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                        pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                        bool eight_neighbors, EqualityFunctor equal)
{
    return labelImage(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                      dest.first, dest.second, eight_neighbors, equal);
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor>
inline
unsigned int labelImage(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                        SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                        DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                        bool eight_neighbors)
{
    return labelImage(upperlefts, lowerrights, sa,
                 upperleftd, da, eight_neighbors,
                 std::equal_to<typename SrcAccessor::value_type>());
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor>
inline
unsigned int labelImage(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                        pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                        bool eight_neighbors)
{
    return labelImage(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                 dest.first, dest.second, eight_neighbors,
                 std::equal_to<typename SrcAccessor::value_type>());
}

/********************************************************/
/*                                                      */
/*             labelImageWithBackground                 */
/*                                                      */
/********************************************************/

/** \brief Find the connected components of a segmented image,
    excluding the background from labeling.

    Connected components are defined as regions with uniform pixel
    values. Thus, <TT>SrcAccessor::value_type</TT> either must be
    equality comparable (first form), or an EqualityFunctor must be
    provided that realizes the desired predicate (second form). All
    pixel equal to the given '<TT>background_value</TT>' are ignored
    when determining connected components and remain untouched in the
    destination image and

    The destination's value type should be large enough to hold the
    labels without overflow. Region numbers will be a consecutive
    sequence starting with one and ending with the region number
    returned by the function (inclusive). The parameter
    '<TT>eight_neighbors</TT>' determines whether the regions should
    be 4-connected or 8-connected. The function uses accessors.

    <b> Declarations:</b>

    pass arguments explicitly:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class ValueType>
        int labelImageWithBackground(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                       SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                       DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                       bool eight_neighbors,
                       ValueType background_value );

        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class ValueType, class EqualityFunctor>
        int labelImageWithBackground(SrcIterator upperlefts,
                       SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
                       DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
                       bool eight_neighbors,
                       ValueType background_value, EqualityFunctor equal);
    }
    \endcode

    use argument objects in conjunction with \ref ArgumentObjectFactories:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class ValueType>
        inline
        int labelImageWithBackground(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                                     pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                                     bool eight_neighbors,
                                     ValueType background_value);

        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
                  class ValueType, class EqualityFunctor>
        inline
        int labelImageWithBackground(triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                                     pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                                     bool eight_neighbors,
                                     ValueType background_value, EqualityFunctor equal);
    }
    \endcode

    Return:  the number of regions found (= largest region label)

    <b> Usage:</b>

        <b>\#include</b> "<a href="labelimage_8hxx-source.html">vigra/labelimage.hxx</a>"<br>
    Namespace: vigra

    \code
    vigra::BImage src(w,h);
    vigra::IImage labels(w,h);

    // threshold at 128
    vigra::transformImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(src),
        vigra::Threshold<vigra::BImage::PixelType, vigra::BImage::PixelType>(
                                                    128, 256, 0, 255));

    // find 4-connected regions of foreground (= white pixels) only
    vigra::labelImageWithBackground(srcImageRange(src), destImage(labels),
                             false, 0);
    \endcode

    <b> Required Interface:</b>

    \code
    SrcImageIterator src_upperleft, src_lowerright;
    DestImageIterator dest_upperleft;

    SrcAccessor src_accessor;
    DestAccessor dest_accessor;

    SrcAccessor::value_type u = src_accessor(src_upperleft);
    ValueType background_value;

    u == u                  // first form
    u == background_value   // first form

    EqualityFunctor equal;      // second form
    equal(u, u)                 // second form
    equal(u, background_value)  // second form

    int i;
    dest_accessor.set(i, dest_upperleft);
    \endcode

*/
template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class ValueType, class EqualityFunctor>
unsigned int labelImageWithBackground(
    SrcIterator upperlefts,
    SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
    DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
    bool eight_neighbors,
    ValueType background_value, EqualityFunctor equal)
{
    int w = lowerrights.x - upperlefts.x;
    int h = lowerrights.y - upperlefts.y;
    int x,y,i;

    static const Diff2D neighbor[] = {
        Diff2D(-1,0),  // left
        Diff2D(-1,-1), // topleft
        Diff2D(0,-1),  // top
        Diff2D(1,-1)   // topright
    };

    static const int left = 0, /* unused:  topleft = 1,*/ top = 2, topright = 3;
    int step = eight_neighbors ? 1 : 2;

    SrcIterator ys(upperlefts);
    SrcIterator xs(ys);

    // temporary image to store region labels
    IImage labelimage(w, h);
    IImage::ScanOrderIterator label = labelimage.begin();
    IImage::Iterator yt = labelimage.upperLeft();
    IImage::Iterator  xt(yt);

    // pass 1: scan image from upper left to lower right
    // find connected components

    for(y = 0; y != h; ++y, ++ys.y, ++yt.y)
    {
        xs = ys;
        xt = yt;

        int endNeighbor = (y == 0) ? left : (eight_neighbors ? topright : top);

        for(x = 0; x != w; ++x, ++xs.x, ++xt.x)
        {
            if(equal(sa(xs), background_value))
            {
                *xt = -1;
            }
            else
            {
                int beginNeighbor = (x == 0) ? top : left;
                if(x == w-1 && endNeighbor == topright) endNeighbor = top;

                for(i=beginNeighbor; i<=endNeighbor; i+=step)
                {
                    if(equal(sa(xs), sa(xs, neighbor[i])))
                    {
                        int neighborLabel = xt[neighbor[i]];

                        for(int j=i+2; j<=endNeighbor; j+=step)
                        {
                            if(equal(sa(xs), sa(xs, neighbor[j])))
                            {
                                int neighborLabel1 = xt[neighbor[j]];

                                if(neighborLabel != neighborLabel1)
                                {
                                    // find roots of the region trees
                                    while(neighborLabel != label[neighborLabel])
                                    {
                                        neighborLabel = label[neighborLabel];
                                    }
                                    while(neighborLabel1 != label[neighborLabel1])
                                    {
                                        neighborLabel1 = label[neighborLabel1];
                                    }

                                    // merge the trees
                                    if(neighborLabel1 < neighborLabel)
                                    {
                                        label[neighborLabel] = neighborLabel1;
                                        neighborLabel = neighborLabel1;
                                    }
                                    else if(neighborLabel < neighborLabel1)
                                    {
                                        label[neighborLabel1] = neighborLabel;
                                    }
                                }
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        *xt = neighborLabel;
                        break;
                    }

                }
                if(i > endNeighbor)
                {
                    // new region
                    // The initial label of a new region equals the
                    // scan order address of it's first pixel.
                    // This is essential for correct operation of the algorithm.
                    *xt = x + y*w;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // pass 2: assign contiguous labels to the regions
    DestIterator yd(upperleftd);

    int count = 0;
    i = 0;
    for(y=0; y != h; ++y, ++yd.y)
    {
        DestIterator xd(yd);
        for(x = 0; x != w; ++x, ++xd.x, ++i)
        {
            if(label[i] == -1) continue;

            if(label[i] == i)
            {
                label[i] = count++;
            }
            else
            {
                label[i] = label[label[i]];
            }
            da.set(label[i]+1, xd);
        }
    }

    return count;
}
template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class ValueType, class EqualityFunctor>
inline
unsigned int labelImageWithBackground(
    triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
    pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
    bool eight_neighbors,
    ValueType background_value, EqualityFunctor equal)
{
    return labelImageWithBackground(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                                    dest.first, dest.second,
                                    eight_neighbors, background_value, equal);
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class ValueType>
inline
unsigned int labelImageWithBackground(
    triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
    pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
    bool eight_neighbors,
    ValueType background_value)
{
    return labelImageWithBackground(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                            dest.first, dest.second,
                            eight_neighbors, background_value,
                            std::equal_to<typename SrcAccessor::value_type>());
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor,
          class ValueType>
inline
unsigned int labelImageWithBackground(
    SrcIterator upperlefts,
    SrcIterator lowerrights, SrcAccessor sa,
    DestIterator upperleftd, DestAccessor da,
    bool eight_neighbors,
    ValueType background_value)
{
    return labelImageWithBackground(upperlefts, lowerrights, sa,
                            upperleftd, da,
                            eight_neighbors, background_value,
                            std::equal_to<typename SrcAccessor::value_type>());
}

/********************************************************/
/*                                                      */
/*            regionImageToCrackEdgeImage               */
/*                                                      */
/********************************************************/

/** \brief Transform a labeled image into a crack edge image.

    This algorithm inserts border pixels (so called "crack edges")
    between regions in a labeled image like this (<TT>a</TT> and
    <TT>c</TT> are the original labels, and <TT>0</TT> is the value of
    <TT>edge_marker</TT> and denotes the inserted edges):

    \code
       original image     insert zero- and one-cells

                                         a 0 c c c
          a c c                          a 0 0 0 c
          a a c               =>         a a a 0 c
          a a a                          a a a 0 0
                                         a a a a a
    \endcode

    The algorithm assumes that the original labeled image contains
    no background. Therefore, it is suitable as a post-processing
    operation of \ref labelImage() or \ref seededRegionGrowing().

    The destination image must be twice the size of the original
    (precisely, <TT>(2*w-1)</TT> by <TT>(2*h-1)</TT> pixels). The
    source value type (<TT>SrcAccessor::value-type</TT>) must be
    equality-comparable.

    <b> Declarations:</b>

    pass arguments explicitly:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
        void regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(
                       SrcIterator sul, SrcIterator slr, SrcAccessor sa,
                       DestIterator dul, DestAccessor da,
                       DestValue edge_marker)
    }
    \endcode

    use argument objects in conjunction with \ref ArgumentObjectFactories:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
        inline
        void regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(
                   triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                   pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                   DestValue edge_marker)
    }
    \endcode

    <b> Usage:</b>

        <b>\#include</b> "<a href="labelimage_8hxx-source.html">vigra/labelimage.hxx</a>"<br>
    Namespace: vigra

    \code
    vigra::BImage src(w,h);
    vigra::IImage labels(w,h);
    vigra::IImage cellgrid(2*w-1, 2*h-1);

    // threshold at 128
    vigra::transformImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(src),
       vigra::Threshold<vigra::BImage::PixelType, vigra::BImage::PixelType>(
                                                    128, 256, 0, 255));

    // find 4-connected regions
    vigra::labelImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(labels), false);

    // create cell grid image, mark edges with 0
    vigra::regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(srcImageRange(labels), destImage(cellgrid), 0);
    \endcode

    <b> Required Interface:</b>

    \code
    ImageIterator src_upperleft, src_lowerright;
    ImageIterator dest_upperleft;

    SrcAccessor src_accessor;
    DestAccessor dest_accessor;

    SrcAccessor::value_type u = src_accessor(src_upperleft);

    u != u

    DestValue edge_marker;
    dest_accessor.set(edge_marker, dest_upperleft);
    \endcode

    <b> Preconditions:</b>

    The destination image must have twice the size of the source:
    \code
    w_dest = 2 * w_src - 1
    h_dest = 2 * h_src - 1
    \endcode
*/
template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
void regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(
               SrcIterator sul, SrcIterator slr, SrcAccessor sa,
               DestIterator dul, DestAccessor da,
               DestValue edge_marker)
{
    int w = slr.x - sul.x;
    int h = slr.y - sul.y;
    int x,y;

    static const Diff2D right(1,0);
    static const Diff2D left(-1,0);
    static const Diff2D bottomright(1,1);
    static const Diff2D bottom(0,1);
    static const Diff2D top(0,-1);

    SrcIterator iy = sul;
    DestIterator dy = dul;

    for(y=0; y<h-1; ++y, ++iy.y, dy.y+=2)
    {
        SrcIterator ix = iy;
        DestIterator dx = dy;

        for(x=0; x<w-1; ++x, ++ix.x, dx.x+=2)
        {
            da.set(sa(ix), dx);
            da.set(sa(ix), dx, bottomright);

            if(sa(ix, right) != sa(ix))
            {
                da.set(edge_marker, dx, right);
            }
            else
            {
                da.set(sa(ix), dx, right);
            }
            if(sa(ix, bottom) != sa(ix))
            {
                da.set(edge_marker, dx, bottom);
            }
            else
            {
                da.set(sa(ix), dx, bottom);
            }

        }

        da.set(sa(ix), dx);
        if(sa(ix, bottom) != sa(ix))
        {
            da.set(edge_marker, dx, bottom);
        }
        else
        {
            da.set(sa(ix), dx, bottom);
        }
    }

    SrcIterator ix = iy;
    DestIterator dx = dy;

    for(x=0; x<w-1; ++x, ++ix.x, dx.x+=2)
    {
        da.set(sa(ix), dx);
        if(sa(ix, right) != sa(ix))
        {
            da.set(edge_marker, dx, right);
        }
        else
        {
            da.set(sa(ix), dx, right);
        }
    }
    da.set(sa(ix), dx);

    dy = dul + Diff2D(1,1);

    // find missing 0-cells
    for(y=0; y<h-1; ++y, dy.y+=2)
    {
        DestIterator dx = dy;

        for(x=0; x<w-1; ++x, dx.x+=2)
        {
            static const Diff2D dist[] = {right, top, left, bottom };

            int i;
            for(i=0; i<4; ++i)
            {
                if(da(dx, dist[i]) == edge_marker) break;
            }

            if(i < 4) da.set(edge_marker, dx);
        }
    }
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
inline
void regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(
           triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
           pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
           DestValue edge_marker)
{
    regionImageToCrackEdgeImage(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                                        dest.first, dest.second,
                                        edge_marker);
}

/********************************************************/
/*                                                      */
/*                regionImageToEdgeImage                */
/*                                                      */
/********************************************************/

/** \brief Transform a labeled image into an edge image.

    This algorithm marks all pixels with the given <TT>edge_marker</TT>
    which belong to a different region (label) than their right or lower
    neighbors:

    \code
       original image                     edges
                                 (assuming edge_marker == 1)

          a c c                            1 1 *
          a a c               =>           * 1 1
          a a a                            * * *
    \endcode

    The non-edge pixels of the destination image will not be touched.
    The source value type (<TT>SrcAccessor::value-type</TT>) must be
    equality-comparable.

    <b> Declarations:</b>

    pass arguments explicitly:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
        void regionImageToEdgeImage(
                       SrcIterator sul, SrcIterator slr, SrcAccessor sa,
                       DestIterator dul, DestAccessor da,
                       DestValue edge_marker)
    }
    \endcode

    use argument objects in conjunction with \ref ArgumentObjectFactories:
    \code
    namespace vigra {
        template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
                  class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
        inline
        void regionImageToEdgeImage(
                   triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
                   pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
                   DestValue edge_marker)
    }
    \endcode

    <b> Usage:</b>

        <b>\#include</b> "<a href="labelimage_8hxx-source.html">vigra/labelimage.hxx</a>"<br>
    Namespace: vigra

    \code
    vigra::BImage src(w,h);
    vigra::IImage labels(w,h);
    vigra::IImage edges(w, h);
    edges = 255;  // init background (non-edge) to 255

    // threshold at 128
    vigra::transformImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(src),
      vigra::Threshold<vigra::BImage::PixelType, vigra::BImage::PixelType>(
                                                    128, 256, 0, 255));

    // find 4-connected regions
    vigra::labelImage(srcImageRange(src), destImage(labels), false);

    // create edge image, mark edges with 0
    vigra::regionImageToEdgeImage(srcImageRange(labels), destImage(edges), 0);
    \endcode

    <b> Required Interface:</b>

    \code
    ImageIterator src_upperleft, src_lowerright;
    ImageIterator dest_upperleft;

    SrcAccessor src_accessor;
    DestAccessor dest_accessor;

    SrcAccessor::value_type u = src_accessor(src_upperleft);

    u != u

    DestValue edge_marker;
    dest_accessor.set(edge_marker, dest_upperleft);
    \endcode

*/
template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
void regionImageToEdgeImage(
               SrcIterator sul, SrcIterator slr, SrcAccessor sa,
               DestIterator dul, DestAccessor da,
               DestValue edge_marker)
{
    int w = slr.x - sul.x;
    int h = slr.y - sul.y;
    int x,y;

    static const Diff2D right(1,0);
    static const Diff2D left(-1,0);
    static const Diff2D bottomright(1,1);
    static const Diff2D bottom(0,1);
    static const Diff2D top(0,-1);

    SrcIterator iy = sul;
    DestIterator dy = dul;

    for(y=0; y<h-1; ++y, ++iy.y, ++dy.y)
    {
        SrcIterator ix = iy;
        DestIterator dx = dy;

        for(x=0; x<w-1; ++x, ++ix.x, ++dx.x)
        {
            if(sa(ix, right) != sa(ix))
            {
                da.set(edge_marker, dx);
            }
            if(sa(ix, bottom) != sa(ix))
            {
                da.set(edge_marker, dx);
            }
        }

        if(sa(ix, bottom) != sa(ix))
        {
            da.set(edge_marker, dx);
        }
    }

    SrcIterator ix = iy;
    DestIterator dx = dy;

    for(x=0; x<w-1; ++x, ++ix.x, ++dx.x)
    {
        if(sa(ix, right) != sa(ix))
        {
            da.set(edge_marker, dx);
        }
    }
}

template <class SrcIterator, class SrcAccessor,
          class DestIterator, class DestAccessor, class DestValue>
inline
void regionImageToEdgeImage(
           triple<SrcIterator, SrcIterator, SrcAccessor> src,
           pair<DestIterator, DestAccessor> dest,
           DestValue edge_marker)
{
    regionImageToEdgeImage(src.first, src.second, src.third,
                                        dest.first, dest.second,
                                        edge_marker);
}

//@}

} // namespace vigra

#endif // VIGRA_LABELIMAGE_HXX