.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#) last. 1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 .\" %FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/last/last. 1, v 1.6. 2.7 2002/07/15 06:45:36 keramida Exp % .\" .\" $FreeBSD: doc/ja_JP.eucJP/man/man1/last. 1, v 1.12 2002/08/11 19:49:09 horikawa Exp $ .\" .Dd March 1, 2002 .Dt LAST 1 .Os .Sh ¸íĪ .Nm last .Nd ÃÖ±Ù ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ À¯ÀúÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù .Sh ¼­½Ä .Nm .Op Fl Ns Ar n .Oo .Fl d .Sm off .Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY .Op Ar MM DD .Ar hh mm .Op Ar .SS .Sm on .Oc .Op Fl f Ar file .Op Fl h Ar host .Op Fl s .Op Fl t Ar tty .Op Fl w .Op Ar user ... .Sh ÇØ¼³ .Nm À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù .Ar user , .Ar tty , (ÀÌ)³ª .Ar host ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ·Î±×ÀÎÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ ·Î±×¾Æ¿ô±îÁö¸¦ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¹°°ÇÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç´Â, º»¸í·ÉÀº, ÁöÁ¤ÇßÀ» ¶§ °¢¿¡ ·Î±×ÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´ø À¯Àú¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀÇ °¢ Çà¿¡´Â, À¯Àú¸í, ¼¼¼ÇÀ» ó¸®ÇÑ tty, È£½ºÆ®¸í, ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ °³½Ã ¹× Á¾·á½Ã°¢, ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ ±â°£ÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ Æ÷ÇԵ˴ϴÙ. ¼¼¼ÇÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ °è¼ÓÁßÀÎÁö, Å©·¡½¬³»Áö ¼Ë´Ù¿î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁߴܵǾúÀ» °æ¿ì´Â ±×ó·³ Ç¥½ÃµË´Ï´Ù. .Pp ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù: .Bl -tag -width indent-two .It Fl Ar n Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¼¼¼Ç Á¤º¸¸¦, .Ar n Çà À̳»¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .It Fl d Ar date snapshotÀÇ ÀϽø¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× snapshotÀÇ ÀϽÿ¡ ·Î±×ÀÎÇϰí ÀÖ´ø ÀüÀ¯Àú°¡ º¸°íµË´Ï´Ù. º¸Á¸µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â wtmp ÆÄÀϷκÎÅÍ °á°ú¸¦ ²¨³»±â À§Çؼ­(¶§¹®¿¡), .Fl f ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º»¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÁöÁ¤µÇ¸é(ÀÚ), .Fl f (¿Í)°ú .Fl Ar n ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ Àü¿É¼ÇÀº ¹«½ÃµË´Ï´Ù. Àμö´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¼­½ÄÀ̾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù: .Sm off .Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY .Op Ar MM DD .Ar hh mm .Op Ar .SS .Sm on ¿©±â¼­, °¢ ij¸¯ÅÍÀÇ Á¶´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent .It Ar CC ÇØÀÇ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ 2 ÀÚ¸®¼ö (¼¼±â). .It Ar YY ÇØÀÇ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ 2 ÀÚ¸®¼ö. .Ar YY ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î .Ar CC ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, .Ar YY ¿¡ 69 ¿¡¼­ 99 ÀÇ °ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤Çϸé(ÀÚ) .Ar CC ÀÇ °ªÀº 19 °¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì, .Ar CC ÀÇ °ªÀº 20 ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. .It Ar MM ´ÞÀ̸ç, 1 ¿¡¼­ 12 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .It Ar DD ³¯À̸ç, 1 ¿¡¼­ 31 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .It Ar hh ½Ã°£À̸ç, 0 ¿¡¼­ 23 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .It Ar mm ºÐÀ̸ç, 0 ¿¡¼­ 59 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .It Ar SS ÃÊÀ̸ç, 0 ¿¡¼­ 61 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .El .Pp .Ar CC (¿Í)°ú .Ar YY ÀÇ Ä³¸¯ÅÍÀÇ Á¶°¡ ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, °ªÀº ÇöÀçÀÇ ÇØ°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. .Ar SS ij¸¯ÅÍÀÇ Á¶°¡ ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. .It Fl f Ar file ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÄÀϷκÎÅÍ ·Î±×ÀÎ Á¤º¸ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀоîµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µðÆúÆ® ±×·³, .Pa /var/log/wtmp (À»)¸¦ ÀоîµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. .It Fl h Ar host .Ar host (Àº)´Â, È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ̳ª ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .It Fl s ·Î±×ÀÎ ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦, µðÆúÆ®ÀÇ ³¯Â¥¡¤½Ã°£¼ö¡¤ºÐ¼ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í, Ãʼö·Î ¸®Æ÷Æ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .It Fl t Ar tty .Ar tty (À»)¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .Ar tty ¿¡´Â, ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ´Ü¸»¸íÀΰ¡, tty ¸¦ »ý·« ÇÑ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, .Dq Li "last -t 03" (Àº)´Â, .Dq Li "last -t tty03" (¿Í)°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. .It Fl w ·Î±×ÀÎ ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ ÇÊµåÆøÀ» ÆîÃÄ µðÆúÆ®ÀÇ ³¯Â¥¡¤½Ã°£¼ö¡¤ºÐ¼ö¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, Ãʼöµµ ¸®Æ÷Æ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .It Fl y ¼¼¼Ç °³½Ã ½Ã°¢¿¡ ÇØµµ ¸®Æ÷Æ®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .El .Pp º¹¼öÀÇ Àμö°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ® snapshotÀÇ ÀϽð¡ ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é .Nm (Àº)´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀμöÀÇ ¾î´ÀÂÊÀ̵çÀ» ¸¸Á·ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¼¼¼Ç Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, .Dq Li "last root -t console" (À¸)·Î Çϸé(ÀÚ), .Dq Li root (ÀÌ)°¡ °£ ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ ¸ðµÎ¿Í ´Ü¸» console »ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à, .Ar user µµ .Ar host µµ .Ar tty µµ ÁöÁ¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, .Nm (Àº)´Â ¸ðµç ·Î±×ÀÎ, ·Î±×¾Æ¿ô Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½Ã ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .Pp ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸®ºÎÆ®Çϸé(ÀÚ), ±× Á¤º¸´Â °¡»ó À¯ÀúÀÌ´Ù .Ar reboot ÀÇ ¼¼¼ÇÀ¸·Î¼­ ±â·ÏµË´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, .Dq Li last reboot (À¸)·Î Çϸé(ÀÚ), ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¸®ºÎÆ® °£°ÝÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. .Pp ¼¼Ä¡±â°¡ ÀϾ¸é(ÀÚ), .Pa wtmp ÀÇ ±â·Ï °³½Ã ÀϽø¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. QUIT ½Ã±×³Î¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¼Ä¡±â¸¦ ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, .Nm ÇÏ °Ë»öÀ» °³½ÃÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ±â±îÁö °Ë»öÇÑ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇØ, ½ÇÇàÀ» °è¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .Sh °ü·Ã ÆÄÀÏ .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact .It Pa /var/log/wtmp ·Î±×ÀÎ Á¤º¸ µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º .El .Sh °ü·Ã Ç׸ñ .Xr lastcomm 1 , .Xr utmp 5 , .Xr ac 8 .Sh ¹ö±× ·Î±×ÀÎ ½©ÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÌ»óÁ¾·á(ABEND) ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, ·Î±×¾Æ¿ôÀÇ ±â·ÏÀÌ wtmp ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °æ¿ì, last ´Â, ·Î±×¾Æ¿ôÀÇ ½Ã°¢À» "shutdown" ¶ó°í Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. .Sh ¿ª»ç .Nm À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â .Bx 3.0 (À¸)·ÎºÎÅÍ µîÀåÇß½À´Ï´Ù.