=head1 Translating Arrays

This document discusses .NET arrays and how they can be supported in Parrot.

=head2 The .NET Model

At the runtime level only one-dimensional arrays of fixed size, a single type
and with first element at index zero are supported. Anything beyond this is
supported through the System.Array class.

=head2 The Parrot Model

Arrays are implemented using PMCs. PMCs have keyed v-table operations (that
is, v-table functions that as one of their parameters take a key). For arrays
the key is the array index and is expected to be an integer. A number of PMCs
exist ready to use in the Parrot source tree, however languages are free to
provide their own. The v-table mechanism to access elements means that the
interface to the array is always the same, so translated .NET code will be
able to handle being passed a Perl array even though their behaviours are
very different (Perl arrays are resizable, for example, where as .NET arrays
are of fixed length).

=head2 Translating Array Instructions

Arrays are created using a "newarr" instruction which takes the type that the
array will contain. As the notion of .NET value types isn't really handled so
gracefully in the translation, there is a need to special-case them, mapping
any type of array that stores integers to be a FixedIntegerArray and any array
that stores floating point numbers to be a FixedFloatArray. All other types
get stored in a FixedPMCArray.

Array loads and stores can be translated trivially to the PIR keyed syntax.

  $I1 = $P1[$I0] # load
  $P1[$I0] = $I1 # store

There $P1 is the array PMC, $I0 is the array index and $I1 is the register the
value is loaded in to or the value to be stored.

The only remaining array instruction is ldlen, which loads the element count of
the array onto the stack. This maps to the elements v-table call in Parrot.

  $I0 = elements $P0

Where $P0 is the array PMC and $I0 will hold the number of elements.