/*
 *  R : A Computer Language for Statistical Data Analysis
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996  Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka
 *  Copyright (C) 1998, 2001-7 The R Development Core Team
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, a copy is available at
 *  http://www.r-project.org/Licenses/
 */

/* <UTF8> char here is either ASCII or handled as a whole */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <Defn.h>
#include <Rinterface.h>
#include <Fileio.h>
#include <R_ext/Applic.h>		/* machar */

#include <time.h>

#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
# include <errno.h>
#endif


/* Machine Constants */

static void Init_R_Machine(SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP ans, nms;

    machar(&R_AccuracyInfo.ibeta,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.it,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.irnd,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.ngrd,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.machep,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.negep,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.iexp,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.minexp,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.maxexp,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.eps,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.epsneg,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.xmin,
	   &R_AccuracyInfo.xmax);

    R_dec_min_exponent = floor(log10(R_AccuracyInfo.xmin)); /* smallest decimal exponent */
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(VECSXP, 18));
    PROTECT(nms = allocVector(STRSXP, 18));
    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 0, mkChar("double.eps"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 0, ScalarReal(R_AccuracyInfo.eps));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 1, mkChar("double.neg.eps"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 1, ScalarReal(R_AccuracyInfo.epsneg));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 2, mkChar("double.xmin"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 2, ScalarReal(R_AccuracyInfo.xmin));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 3, mkChar("double.xmax"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 3, ScalarReal(R_AccuracyInfo.xmax));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 4, mkChar("double.base"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 4, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.ibeta));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 5, mkChar("double.digits"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 5, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.it));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 6, mkChar("double.rounding"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 6, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.irnd));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 7, mkChar("double.guard"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 7, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.ngrd));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 8, mkChar("double.ulp.digits"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 8, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.machep));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 9, mkChar("double.neg.ulp.digits"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 9, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.negep));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 10, mkChar("double.exponent"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 10, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.iexp));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 11, mkChar("double.min.exp"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 11, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.minexp));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 12, mkChar("double.max.exp"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 12, ScalarInteger(R_AccuracyInfo.maxexp));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 13, mkChar("integer.max"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 13, ScalarInteger(INT_MAX));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 14, mkChar("sizeof.long"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 14, ScalarInteger(SIZEOF_LONG));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 15, mkChar("sizeof.longlong"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 15, ScalarInteger(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 16, mkChar("sizeof.longdouble"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 16, ScalarInteger(SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE));

    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 17, mkChar("sizeof.pointer"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 17, ScalarInteger(sizeof(SEXP)));
    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, nms);
    defineVar(install(".Machine"), ans, rho);
    UNPROTECT(2);
}


/*  Platform
 *
 *  Return various platform dependent strings.  This is similar to
 *  "Machine", but for strings rather than numerical values.  These
 *  two functions should probably be amalgamated.
 */
static const char  * const R_OSType = OSTYPE;
static const char  * const R_FileSep = FILESEP;

static void Init_R_Platform(SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP value, names;

    PROTECT(value = allocVector(VECSXP, 8));
    PROTECT(names = allocVector(STRSXP, 8));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 0, mkChar("OS.type"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 1, mkChar("file.sep"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 2, mkChar("dynlib.ext"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 3, mkChar("GUI"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 4, mkChar("endian"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 5, mkChar("pkgType"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 6, mkChar("path.sep"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 7, mkChar("r_arch"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 0, mkString(R_OSType));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 1, mkString(R_FileSep));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 2, mkString(SHLIB_EXT));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 3, mkString(R_GUIType));
#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 4, mkString("big"));
#else
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 4, mkString("little"));
#endif
#ifdef Win32
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 5, mkString("win.binary"));
#else /* not Win32 */
#ifdef HAVE_AQUA
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 5, mkString("mac.binary"));
#else /* not Win32 nor Aqua */
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 5, mkString("source"));
#endif
#endif
#ifdef Win32
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 6, mkString(";"));
#else /* not Win32 */
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 6, mkString(":"));
#endif
#ifdef R_ARCH
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 7, mkString(R_ARCH));
#else
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(value, 7, mkString(""));
#endif
    setAttrib(value, R_NamesSymbol, names);
    defineVar(install(".Platform"), value, rho);
    UNPROTECT(2);
}

void attribute_hidden Init_R_Variables(SEXP rho)
{
    Init_R_Machine(rho);
    Init_R_Platform(rho);
}


/*  date
 *
 *  Return the current date in a standard format.  This uses standard
 *  POSIX calls which should be available on each platform.  We should
 *  perhaps check this in the configure script.
 */
/* BDR 2000/7/20.
 *  time and ctime are in fact ANSI C calls, so we don't check them.
 */
static char *R_Date()
{
    time_t t;
    static char s[26];		/* own space */

    time(&t);
    strcpy(s, ctime(&t));
    s[24] = '\0';		/* overwriting the final \n */
    return s;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_date(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    checkArity(op, args);
    return mkString(R_Date());
}

/*  file.show
 *
 *  Display file(s) so that a user can view it.  The function calls
 *  "R_ShowFiles" which is a platform-dependent hook that arranges
 *  for the file(s) to be displayed.
 */

SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileshow(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, tl, hd, pg;
    char **f, **h, *t, *pager;
    Rboolean dl;
    int i, n;

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    hd = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    tl = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    dl = (Rboolean)asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    pg = CAR(args);
    n = 0;			/* -Wall */
    if (!isString(fn) || (n = length(fn)) < 1)
	error(_("invalid filename specification"));
    if (!isString(hd) || length(hd) != n)
	error(_("invalid 'headers'"));
    if (!isString(tl))
	error(_("invalid 'title'"));
    if (!isString(pg))
        error(_("invalid '%s' specification"), "pager");
    f = (char**)R_alloc(n, sizeof(char*));
    h = (char**)R_alloc(n, sizeof(char*));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (!isNull(STRING_ELT(fn, i)))
	    /* Do better later for file names? */
	    f[i] = acopy_string(translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i)));
	else
	    f[i] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
	if (!isNull(STRING_ELT(hd, i)))
	    h[i] = acopy_string(translateChar(STRING_ELT(hd, i)));
	else
	    h[i] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
    }
    if (length(tl) >= 1 || !isNull(STRING_ELT(tl, 0)))
	t = acopy_string(translateChar(STRING_ELT(tl, 0)));
    else
	t = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
    if (length(pg) >= 1 || !isNull(STRING_ELT(pg, 0)))
	pager = acopy_string(CHAR(STRING_ELT(pg, 0)));
    else
	pager = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
    R_ShowFiles(n, f, h, t, dl, pager);
    return R_NilValue;
}

/*  file.edit
 *
 *  Open a file in a text editor. The function calls
 *  "R_EditFiles" which is a platform dependent hook that invokes
 *  the given editor.
 *
 */


SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileedit(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, ti, ed;
    char **f, **title, *editor;
    int i, n;

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    ti = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    ed = CAR(args);

    n = length(fn);
    if (!isString(ed))
	error(_("invalid '%s' specification"), "editor");
    if (n > 0) {
	if (!isString(fn))
	    error(_("invalid '%s' specification"), "filename");
	f = (char**) R_alloc(n, sizeof(char*));
	title = (char**) R_alloc(n, sizeof(char*));
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	    if (!isNull(STRING_ELT(fn, i)))
		/* Do better later for file names? */
		f[i] = acopy_string(R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i))));
	    else
		f[i] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
	    if (!isNull(STRING_ELT(ti, i)))
	    	title[i] = acopy_string(translateChar(STRING_ELT(ti, i)));
	    else
	    	title[i] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
	}
    }
    else {  /* open a new file for editing */
	n = 1;
	f = (char**) R_alloc(1, sizeof(char*));
	f[0] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
	title = (char**) R_alloc(1, sizeof(char*));
	title[0] = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
    }
    if (length(ed) >= 1 || !isNull(STRING_ELT(ed, 0)))
	/* Do better later for file names? */
	editor = acopy_string(translateChar(STRING_ELT(ed, 0)));
    else
	editor = acopy_string(CHAR(R_BlankString));
    R_EditFiles(n, f, title, editor);
    return R_NilValue;
}


/*  append.file
 *
 *  Given two file names as arguments and arranges for
 *  the second file to be appended to the second.
 *  op = 2 is codeFiles.append.
 */

#if defined(BUFSIZ) && (BUFSIZ > 512)
/* OS's buffer size in stdio.h, probably.
   Windows has 512, Solaris 1024, glibc 8192
 */
# define APPENDBUFSIZE BUFSIZ
#else
# define APPENDBUFSIZE 512
#endif

static int R_AppendFile(SEXP file1, SEXP file2)
{
    FILE *fp1, *fp2;
    char buf[APPENDBUFSIZE];
    int nchar, status = 0;
    if((fp1 = RC_fopen(file1, "ab", TRUE)) == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    if((fp2 = RC_fopen(file2, "rb", TRUE)) == NULL) {
        fclose(fp1);
        return 0;
    }
    while((nchar = fread(buf, 1, APPENDBUFSIZE, fp2)) == APPENDBUFSIZE)
        if(fwrite(buf, 1, APPENDBUFSIZE, fp1) != APPENDBUFSIZE) {
            goto append_error;
        }
    if(fwrite(buf, 1, nchar, fp1) != nchar) {
        goto append_error;
    }
    status = 1;
 append_error:
    if (status == 0)
	warning(_("write error during file append"));
    fclose(fp1);
    fclose(fp2);
    return status;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileappend(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP f1, f2, ans;
    int i, n, n1, n2;
    checkArity(op, args);
    f1 = CAR(args); n1 = length(f1);
    f2 = CADR(args); n2 = length(f2);
    if (!isString(f1))
        error(_("invalid first filename"));
    if (!isString(f2))
        error(_("invalid second filename"));
    if (n1 < 1)
	error(_("nothing to append to"));
    if (PRIMVAL(op) > 0 && n1 > 1)
	error(_("'outFile' must be a single file"));
    if (n2 < 1)
	return allocVector(LGLSXP, 0);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n)); /* all FALSE */
    if (n1 == 1) { /* common case */
	FILE *fp1, *fp2;
	char buf[APPENDBUFSIZE];
	int nchar, status = 0;
	if(!(fp1 = RC_fopen(STRING_ELT(f1, 0), "ab", TRUE)))
	   goto done;
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	    status = 0;
	    if(!(fp2 = RC_fopen(STRING_ELT(f2, i), "rb", TRUE))) continue;
	    while((nchar = fread(buf, 1, APPENDBUFSIZE, fp2)) == APPENDBUFSIZE)
		if(fwrite(buf, 1, APPENDBUFSIZE, fp1) != APPENDBUFSIZE)
		    goto append_error;
	    if(fwrite(buf, 1, nchar, fp1) != nchar) goto append_error;
	    if(PRIMVAL(op) == 1 && buf[nchar - 1] != '\n') {
		if(fwrite("\n", 1, 1, fp1) != 1) goto append_error;
	    }

	    status = 1;
	append_error:
	    if (status == 0)
		warning(_("write error during file append"));
	    LOGICAL(ans)[i] = status;
	    fclose(fp2);
	}
	fclose(fp1);
    } else {
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	    if (STRING_ELT(f1, i%n1) == R_NilValue ||
		STRING_ELT(f2, i%n2) == R_NilValue)
		LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
	    else
		LOGICAL(ans)[i] =
		    R_AppendFile(STRING_ELT(f1, i%n1), STRING_ELT(f2, i%n2));
	}
    }
done:
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_filecreate(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, ans;
    FILE *fp;
    int i, n;
    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(fn))
        error(_("invalid filename argument"));
    n = length(fn);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
	if (STRING_ELT(fn, i) != R_NilValue &&
	    (fp = RC_fopen(STRING_ELT(fn, i), "w", TRUE))
	    != NULL) {
	    LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 1;
	    fclose(fp);
	}
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileremove(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP f, ans;
    int i, n;
    checkArity(op, args);
    f = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(f))
        error(_("invalid first filename"));
    n = length(f);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	if (STRING_ELT(f, i) != R_NilValue)
	    LOGICAL(ans)[i] =
		(remove(R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(f, i)))) == 0);
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h> /* for symlink */
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_filesymlink(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP f1, f2;
    int n, n1, n2;
#ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
    SEXP ans;
    int i;
    char from[PATH_MAX], to[PATH_MAX];
    const char *p;
#endif
    checkArity(op, args);
    f1 = CAR(args); n1 = length(f1);
    f2 = CADR(args); n2 = length(f2);
    if (!isString(f1))
        error(_("invalid first filename"));
    if (!isString(f2))
        error(_("invalid second filename"));
    if (n1 < 1)
	error(_("nothing to link"));
    if (n2 < 1)
	return allocVector(LGLSXP, 0);
    n = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;
#ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (STRING_ELT(f1, i%n1) == R_NilValue || STRING_ELT(f2, i%n2) == R_NilValue)
            LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
        else {
	    p = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(f1, i%n1)));
	    if (strlen(p) >= PATH_MAX - 1) {
		LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
		continue;
	    }
	    strcpy(from, p);
	    p = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(f2, i%n2)));
	    if (strlen(p) >= PATH_MAX - 1) {
		LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
		continue;
	    }
	    strcpy(to, p);
	    /* Rprintf("linking %s to %s\n", from, to); */
            LOGICAL(ans)[i] = symlink(from, to) == 0;
	}
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
#else
    warning(_("symlinks are not supported on this platform"));
    return allocVector(LGLSXP, n);
#endif
}

#ifdef Win32
int Rwin_rename(char *from, char *to);  /* in src/gnuwin32/extra.c */
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_filerename(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    char from[PATH_MAX], to[PATH_MAX];
    const char *p;

    checkArity(op, args);
    if (TYPEOF(CAR(args)) != STRSXP || LENGTH(CAR(args)) != 1)
	error(_("'source' must be a single string"));
    p = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(CAR(args), 0)));
    if (strlen(p) >= PATH_MAX - 1)
	error(_("expanded source name too long"));
    strncpy(from, p, PATH_MAX - 1);

    if (TYPEOF(CADR(args)) != STRSXP || LENGTH(CADR(args)) != 1)
	error(_("'destination' must be a single string"));
    p = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(CADR(args), 0)));
    if (strlen(p) >= PATH_MAX - 1)
	error(_("expanded destination name too long"));
    strncpy(to, p, PATH_MAX - 1);

#ifdef Win32
    return Rwin_rename(from, to) == 0 ? mkTrue() : mkFalse();
#endif

    return rename(from, to) == 0 ? mkTrue() : mkFalse();
}

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
# include <sys/stat.h>
#endif

# if defined(Unix) && defined(HAVE_PWD_H) && defined(HAVE_GRP_H) \
  && defined(HAVE_GETPWUID) && defined(HAVE_GETGRGID)
#  include <pwd.h>
#  include <grp.h>
#  define UNIX_EXTRAS 1
# endif

#ifdef Win32
# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
# include <windows.h>
# ifndef SCS_64BIT_BINARY
#  define SCS_64BIT_BINARY 6
# endif
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileinfo(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, ans, ansnames, fsize, mtime, ctime, atime, isdir,
	mode, xxclass;
#ifdef UNIX_EXTRAS
    SEXP uid, gid, uname, grname;
    struct passwd *stpwd;
    struct group *stgrp;
#endif
    int i, n;
#ifdef Win32
    SEXP exe;
    struct _stati64 sb;
#else
    struct stat sb;
#endif

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(fn))
        error(_("invalid filename argument"));
    n = length(fn);
#ifdef UNIX_EXTRAS
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(VECSXP, 10));
    PROTECT(ansnames = allocVector(STRSXP, 10));
#elif defined(Win32)
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(VECSXP, 7));
    PROTECT(ansnames = allocVector(STRSXP, 7));
#else
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(VECSXP, 6));
    PROTECT(ansnames = allocVector(STRSXP, 6));
#endif
    fsize = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 0, allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 0, mkChar("size"));
    isdir = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 1, allocVector(LGLSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 1, mkChar("isdir"));
    mode  = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 2, allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 2, mkChar("mode"));
    mtime = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 3, allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 3, mkChar("mtime"));
    ctime = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 4, allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 4, mkChar("ctime"));
    atime = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 5, allocVector(REALSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 5, mkChar("atime"));
#ifdef UNIX_EXTRAS
    uid = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 6, allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 6, mkChar("uid"));
    gid = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 7, allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 7, mkChar("gid"));
    uname = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 8, allocVector(STRSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 8, mkChar("uname"));
    grname = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 9, allocVector(STRSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 9, mkChar("grname"));
#endif
#ifdef Win32
    exe = SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 6, allocVector(STRSXP, n));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, 6, mkChar("exe"));
#endif
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	const char *efn = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i)));
	if (STRING_ELT(fn, i) != R_NilValue &&
#ifdef Win32
	    _stati64(efn, &sb)
#else
	    stat(efn, &sb)
#endif
	    == 0) {
	    REAL(fsize)[i] = (double) sb.st_size;
	    LOGICAL(isdir)[i] = (sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) > 0;
	    INTEGER(mode)[i]  = (int) sb.st_mode & 0007777;
	    REAL(mtime)[i] = (double) sb.st_mtime;
	    REAL(ctime)[i] = (double) sb.st_ctime;
	    REAL(atime)[i] = (double) sb.st_atime;
#ifdef UNIX_EXTRAS
	    INTEGER(uid)[i] = (int) sb.st_uid;
	    INTEGER(gid)[i] = (int) sb.st_gid;
	    stpwd = getpwuid(sb.st_uid);
	    if(stpwd) SET_STRING_ELT(uname, i, mkChar(stpwd->pw_name));
	    else SET_STRING_ELT(uname, i, NA_STRING);
	    stgrp = getgrgid(sb.st_gid);
	    if(stgrp) SET_STRING_ELT(grname, i, mkChar(stgrp->gr_name));
	    else SET_STRING_ELT(grname, i, NA_STRING);
#endif
#ifdef Win32
	    {
		char *s="no";
		DWORD type;
		if(GetBinaryType(efn, &type))
		    switch(type) {
		    case SCS_64BIT_BINARY:
			s = "win64";
			break;
		    case SCS_32BIT_BINARY:
			s = "win32";
			break;
		    case SCS_DOS_BINARY:
		    case SCS_PIF_BINARY:
			s = "msdos";
			break;
		    case SCS_WOW_BINARY:
			s = "win16";
			break;
		    default:
			s = "unknown";
		    }
		SET_STRING_ELT(exe, i, mkChar(s));
	    }
#endif
	} else {
	    REAL(fsize)[i] = NA_REAL;
	    LOGICAL(isdir)[i] = NA_INTEGER;
	    INTEGER(mode)[i]  = NA_INTEGER;
	    REAL(mtime)[i] = NA_REAL;
	    REAL(ctime)[i] = NA_REAL;
	    REAL(atime)[i] = NA_REAL;
#ifdef UNIX_EXTRAS
	    INTEGER(uid)[i] = NA_INTEGER;
	    INTEGER(gid)[i] = NA_INTEGER;
	    SET_STRING_ELT(uname, i, NA_STRING);
	    SET_STRING_ELT(grname, i, NA_STRING);
#endif
#ifdef Win32
	    SET_STRING_ELT(exe, i, NA_STRING);
#endif
	}
    }
    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, ansnames);
    PROTECT(xxclass = mkString("octmode"));
    classgets(mode, xxclass);
    UNPROTECT(3);
    return ans;
}

/* No longer required by POSIX, but maybe on earlier OSes */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include <sys/types.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_DIRENT_H
# include <dirent.h>
#elif HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
# include <sys/ndir.h>
#elif HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
# include <sys/dir.h>
#elif HAVE_NDIR_H
# include <ndir.h>
#endif

#include "Rregex.h"

#define CBUFSIZE 2*PATH_MAX+1
static SEXP filename(const char *dir, const char *file)
{
    SEXP ans;
    char cbuf[CBUFSIZE];
    if (dir) {
#ifdef Win32
	switch (dir[strlen(dir)-1])
	{
	case '/':
	case '\\':
	case ':':
	{
	    snprintf(cbuf, CBUFSIZE, "%s%s", dir, file);
	    ans = mkChar(cbuf);
	    break;
	}
	default:
#endif
	    snprintf(cbuf, CBUFSIZE, "%s%s%s", dir, R_FileSep, file);
	    ans = mkChar(cbuf);
#ifdef Win32
    	}
#endif
    } else {
	snprintf(cbuf, CBUFSIZE, "%s", file);
        ans = mkChar(cbuf);
    }
    return ans;
}

static void count_files(const char *dnp, int *count,
			int allfiles, int recursive, int pattern, regex_t reg)
{
    DIR *dir;
    struct dirent *de;
    char p[PATH_MAX];
    struct stat sb;

    if (strlen(dnp) >= PATH_MAX)  /* should not happen! */
	error(_("directory/folder path name too long"));
    if ((dir = opendir(dnp)) == NULL) {
	warning(_("list.files: '%s' is not a readable directory"), dnp);
    } else {
	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
	    if (allfiles || !R_HiddenFile(de->d_name)) {
		if(recursive) {
		    snprintf(p, PATH_MAX, "%s%s%s", dnp,
			     R_FileSep, de->d_name);
		    stat(p, &sb);
		    if((sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) > 0) {
			if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") && strcmp(de->d_name, ".."))
				count_files(p, count, allfiles, recursive,
				   	    pattern, reg);
			continue;
		    }
		}
		if (pattern) {
		    if(regexec(&reg, de->d_name, 0, NULL, 0) == 0) (*count)++;
		} else (*count)++;
	    }
	}
	closedir(dir);
    }
}

static void list_files(const char *dnp, const char *stem, int *count, SEXP ans,
			int allfiles, int recursive, int pattern, regex_t reg)
{
    DIR *dir;
    struct dirent *de;
    char p[PATH_MAX], stem2[PATH_MAX];
    struct stat sb;

    if ((dir = opendir(dnp)) != NULL) {
	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
	    if (allfiles || !R_HiddenFile(de->d_name)) {
		if(recursive) {
		    snprintf(p, PATH_MAX, "%s%s%s", dnp,
			     R_FileSep, de->d_name);
		    stat(p, &sb);
		    if((sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) > 0) {
			if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") && 
			    strcmp(de->d_name, "..")) {
			    if(stem)
			    	snprintf(stem2, PATH_MAX, "%s%s%s", stem,
				         R_FileSep, de->d_name);
			    else
			    	strcpy(stem2, de->d_name);
			    list_files(p, stem2, count, ans, allfiles, 
				       recursive, pattern, reg);
		    	}
			continue;
		    }
		}
		if (pattern) {
		    if (regexec(&reg, de->d_name, 0, NULL, 0) == 0)
			SET_STRING_ELT(ans, (*count)++,
				       filename(stem, de->d_name));
		} else
		    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, (*count)++,
				   filename(stem, de->d_name));
	    }
	}
	closedir(dir);
    }
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_listfiles(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP d, p, ans;
    int allfiles, fullnames, count, pattern, recursive;
    int i, ndir;
    const char *dnp;
    regex_t reg;

    checkArity(op, args);
    d = CAR(args);  args = CDR(args);
    if (!isString(d))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "directory");
    p = CAR(args);  args = CDR(args);
    pattern = 0;
    if (isString(p) && length(p) >= 1 && STRING_ELT(p, 0) != R_NilValue)
	pattern = 1;
    else if (!isNull(p) && !(isString(p) && length(p) < 1))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "pattern");
    allfiles = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    fullnames = asLogical(CAR(args)); args = CDR(args);
    recursive = asLogical(CAR(args));
    ndir = length(d);
    if (pattern && regcomp(&reg, translateChar(STRING_ELT(p, 0)), REG_EXTENDED))
        error(_("invalid 'pattern' regular expression"));
    count = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < ndir ; i++) {
	dnp = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(d, i)));
	count_files(dnp, &count, allfiles, recursive, pattern, reg);
    }
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, count));
    count = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < ndir ; i++) {
	dnp = R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(d, i)));
	if (fullnames)
	    list_files(dnp, dnp, &count, ans, allfiles, recursive,
		       pattern, reg);
	else
	    list_files(dnp, NULL, &count, ans, allfiles, recursive,
		       pattern, reg);
    }
    if (pattern)
	regfree(&reg);
    ssort(STRING_PTR(ans), count);
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_Rhome(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    char *path;
    checkArity(op, args);
    if (!(path = R_HomeDir()))
	error(_("unable to determine R home location"));
    return mkString(path);
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileexists(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP file, ans;
    int i, nfile;
    checkArity(op, args);
    if (!isString(file = CAR(args)))
        error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "file");
    nfile = length(file);
    ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, nfile);
    for(i = 0; i < nfile; i++) {
	LOGICAL(ans)[i] = 0;
        if (STRING_ELT(file, i) != R_NilValue)
	    LOGICAL(ans)[i] = R_FileExists(translateChar(STRING_ELT(file, i)));
    }
    return ans;
}

/* <FIXME> can \n or \r occur as part of a MBCS extra bytes?
   Not that I know of */
static int filbuf(char *buf, FILE *fp)
{
    int c;
    while((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
	if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
	    *buf = '\0';
	    return 1;
	}
	*buf++ = c;
    }
    return 0;
}

SEXP attribute_hidden do_indexsearch(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
/* index.search(topic, path, file, .Platform$file.sep, type) */
    SEXP topic, path, indexname, sep, type;
    char linebuf[256], topicbuf[256], *p, ctype[256];
    int i, npath, ltopicbuf;
    FILE *fp;

    checkArity(op, args);
    topic = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(!isString(topic) || length(topic) < 1 || isNull(topic))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "topic");
    path = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(!isString(path) || length(path) < 1 || isNull(path))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "path");
    indexname = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(!isString(indexname) || length(indexname) < 1 || isNull(indexname))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "indexname");
    sep = CAR(args); args = CDR(args);
    if(!isString(sep) || length(sep) < 1 || isNull(sep))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "sep");
    type = CAR(args);
    if(!isString(type) || length(type) < 1 || isNull(type))
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "type");
    strcpy(ctype, CHAR(STRING_ELT(type, 0)));
    snprintf(topicbuf, 256, "%s\t", translateChar(STRING_ELT(topic, 0)));
    ltopicbuf = strlen(topicbuf);
    npath = length(path);
    for (i = 0; i < npath; i++) {
	snprintf(linebuf, 256, "%s%s%s%s%s",
		translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, i)),
		CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
		"help", CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
		CHAR(STRING_ELT(indexname, 0)));
	if ((fp = R_fopen(R_ExpandFileName(linebuf), "rt")) != NULL){
	    while (filbuf(linebuf, fp)) {
		if(strncmp(linebuf, topicbuf, ltopicbuf) == 0) {
		    p = &linebuf[ltopicbuf - 1];
		    while(isspace((int)*p)) p++;
		    fclose(fp);
		    if (!strcmp(ctype, "html"))
			snprintf(topicbuf, 256, "%s%s%s%s%s%s",
				translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, i)),
				CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				"html", CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				p, ".html");
		    else if (!strcmp(ctype, "R-ex"))
			snprintf(topicbuf, 256, "%s%s%s%s%s%s",
				translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, i)),
				CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				"R-ex", CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				p, ".R");
		    else if (!strcmp(ctype, "latex"))
			snprintf(topicbuf, 256, "%s%s%s%s%s%s",
				translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, i)),
				CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				"latex", CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				p, ".tex");
		    else /* type = "help" */
			snprintf(topicbuf, 256, "%s%s%s%s%s",
				translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, i)),
				CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)),
				ctype, CHAR(STRING_ELT(sep, 0)), p);
		    return mkString(topicbuf);
		}
	    }
	    fclose(fp);
	}
    }
    return mkString("");
}

#define CHOOSEBUFSIZE 1024

SEXP attribute_hidden do_filechoose(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    int _new, len;
    char buf[CHOOSEBUFSIZE];
    checkArity(op, args);
    _new = asLogical(CAR(args));
    if ((len = R_ChooseFile(_new, buf, CHOOSEBUFSIZE)) == 0)
	error(_("file choice cancelled"));
    if (len >= CHOOSEBUFSIZE - 1)
	error(_("file name too long"));
    return mkString(R_ExpandFileName(buf));
}


/* needed for access, and perhaps for realpath */
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef Win32
#define Raccess winAccess
extern int winAccess(const char *path, int mode);
#else
#define Raccess access
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_ACCESS
SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileaccess(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, ans;
    int i, n, mode, modemask;

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(fn))
        error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "names");
    n = length(fn);
    mode = asInteger(CADR(args));
    if(mode < 0 || mode > 7) error(_("invalid '%s' value"), "mode");
    modemask = 0;
    if (mode & 1) modemask |= X_OK;
    if (mode & 2) modemask |= W_OK;
    if (mode & 4) modemask |= R_OK;
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, n));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	INTEGER(ans)[i] = 
	    Raccess(R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i))),
		    modemask);
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}
#else
SEXP attribute_hidden do_fileaccess(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    error(_("file.access() is not implemented on this system"));
    return R_NilValue;		/* -Wall */
}
#endif

#ifdef Win32
#include <windows.h>
static int R_unlink(char *name, int recursive);

static int R_rmdir(const char *dir)
{
    char tmp[MAX_PATH];
    GetShortPathName(dir, tmp, MAX_PATH);
    return rmdir(tmp);
}

void R_CleanTempDir()
{
    if(Sys_TempDir) {
	/* Windows cannot delete the current working directory */
	SetCurrentDirectory(R_HomeDir());
	R_unlink(Sys_TempDir, 1);
    }
}
#else
#define R_rmdir rmdir
#endif

static int R_unlink(char *name, int recursive)
{
    if(streql(name, ".") || streql(name, "..")) return 0;
    if(recursive) {
	DIR *dir;
	struct dirent *de;
	char p[PATH_MAX];
	struct stat sb;
	int n, ans = 0;
	
	stat(name, &sb);	
	if((sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) > 0) { /* a directory */
	    if ((dir = opendir(name)) != NULL) {
		while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
		    if(streql(de->d_name, ".") || streql(de->d_name, ".."))
			continue;
		    /* On Windows we need to worry about trailing seps */
		    n = strlen(name);
		    if(name[n] == R_FileSep[0]
#ifdef Win32
		       || name[n] == '\\'
#endif

			) snprintf(p, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", name, de->d_name);
		    else
			snprintf(p, PATH_MAX, "%s%s%s", name, R_FileSep, 
				 de->d_name);
		    stat(p, &sb);
		    if((sb.st_mode & S_IFDIR) > 0) { /* a directory */
			ans += R_unlink(p, recursive);
		    } else
			ans += (unlink(p) == 0) ? 0 : 1;
		}
	    } else { /* we were unable to read a dir */
		ans++;
	    }
	    closedir(dir);
	    ans += (R_rmdir(name) == 0) ? 0 : 1;
	    return ans;
	}
	/* drop through */
    }
    return unlink(name) == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}


/* Note that wildcards are allowed in 'names' */
#if defined(HAVE_GLOB) || defined(Win32)
# ifdef HAVE_GLOB_H
#  include <glob.h>
# endif
# ifdef Win32
# include <dos_glob.h>
# define glob dos_glob
# define globfree dos_globfree
# endif
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_unlink(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP  fn;
    int i, j, nfiles, res, failures = 0, recursive;
    const char *names;
    glob_t globbuf;

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args);
    nfiles = length(fn);
    if (nfiles > 0) {
    	if (!isString(fn))
	    error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "x");
	recursive = asLogical(CADR(args));
    	if (recursive == NA_LOGICAL)
	    error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "recursive");
    	for(i = 0; i < nfiles; i++) {
	    names = translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i));
#if defined(HAVE_GLOB) || defined(Win32)
	    res = glob(names, 0, NULL, &globbuf);
#ifdef GLOB_ABORTED
	    if(res == GLOB_ABORTED)
		warning(_("read error on '%s'"), names);
#endif
#ifdef GLOB_NOSPACE
	    if(res == GLOB_NOSPACE)
		error(_("internal out-of-memory condition"));
#endif
	    for( j = 0; j < globbuf.gl_pathc; j++)
		failures += R_unlink(globbuf.gl_pathv[j], recursive);
	    globfree(&globbuf);
#else
		failures += R_unlink(names, recursive);
#endif
	}
    }
    return ScalarInteger(failures ? 1 : 0);
}


#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
# include <locale.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
# include <langinfo.h>
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_getlocale(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
    int cat;
    char *p = NULL;

    checkArity(op, args);
    cat = asInteger(CAR(args));
    if(cat == NA_INTEGER || cat < 0)
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "category");
    switch(cat) {
    case 1: cat = LC_ALL; break;
    case 2: cat = LC_COLLATE; break;
    case 3: cat = LC_CTYPE; break;
    case 4: cat = LC_MONETARY; break;
    case 5: cat = LC_NUMERIC; break;
    case 6: cat = LC_TIME; break;
#ifdef LC_MESSAGES
    case 7: cat = LC_MESSAGES; break;
#endif
#ifdef LC_PAPER
    case 8: cat = LC_PAPER; break;
#endif
#ifdef LC_MEASUREMENT
    case 9: cat = LC_MEASUREMENT; break;
#endif
    default: cat = NA_INTEGER;
    }
    if(cat != NA_INTEGER) p = setlocale(cat, NULL);
    return mkString(p ? p : "");
#else
    return R_NilValue;
#endif
}

/* Locale specs are always ASCII */
SEXP attribute_hidden do_setlocale(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
    SEXP locale = CADR(args), ans;
    int cat;
    const char *p;

    checkArity(op, args);
    cat = asInteger(CAR(args));
    if(cat == NA_INTEGER || cat < 0)
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "category");
    if(!isString(locale) || LENGTH(locale) != 1)
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "locale");
    switch(cat) {
    case 1:
    {
	const char *l = CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0));
	cat = LC_ALL;
	/* assume we can set LC_CTYPE iff we can set the rest */
	if((p = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, l))) {   
	    setlocale(LC_COLLATE, l);
	    setlocale(LC_MONETARY, l);
	    setlocale(LC_TIME, l);
	    /* Need to return value of LC_ALL */
	    p = setlocale(cat, NULL);
	}
	break;
    }
    case 2:
	cat = LC_COLLATE;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
    case 3:
	cat = LC_CTYPE;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
    case 4:
	cat = LC_MONETARY;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
    case 5:
	cat = LC_NUMERIC;
	warning(_("setting 'LC_NUMERIC' may cause R to function strangely"));
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
    case 6:
	cat = LC_TIME;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
#if defined LC_MESSAGES && !defined Win32
/* this seems to exist in MinGW, but it does not work in Windows */
    case 7:
	cat = LC_MESSAGES;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
#endif
#ifdef LC_PAPER
    case 8:
	cat = LC_PAPER;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
#endif
#ifdef LC_MEASUREMENT
    case 9:
	cat = LC_MEASUREMENT;
	p = setlocale(cat, CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
	break;
#endif
    default:
	p = NULL; /* -Wall */
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "category");
    }
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, 1));
    if(p) SET_STRING_ELT(ans, 0, mkChar(p));
    else  {
	SET_STRING_ELT(ans, 0, mkChar(""));
	warning(_("OS reports request to set locale to \"%s\" cannot be honored"),
		CHAR(STRING_ELT(locale, 0)));
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
    p = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
    known_to_be_utf8 = utf8locale = streql(p, "UTF-8") ? TRUE : FALSE;
    known_to_be_latin1 = latin1locale = streql(p, "ISO-8859-1") ? TRUE : FALSE;
#endif
#ifdef SUPPORT_MBCS
    mbcslocale = MB_CUR_MAX > 1;
#endif
#ifdef Win32
    {
	char *ctype = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
	p = strrchr(ctype, '.');
	if(p && isdigit(p[1])) localeCP = atoi(p+1); else localeCP = 0;
	/* Not 100% correct */
	known_to_be_latin1 = latin1locale = (localeCP == 1252);
    }
#endif
#if defined(Win32) && defined(SUPPORT_UTF8)
    utf8locale = mbcslocale = TRUE;
#endif
    return ans;
#else
    return R_NilValue;
#endif
}



SEXP attribute_hidden do_localeconv(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
    SEXP ans, ansnames;
    struct lconv *lc = localeconv();
    int i = 0;
    char buff[20];

    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, 18));
    PROTECT(ansnames = allocVector(STRSXP, 18));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->decimal_point));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("decimal_point"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->thousands_sep));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("thousands_sep"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->grouping));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("grouping"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->int_curr_symbol));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("int_curr_symbol"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->currency_symbol));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("currency_symbol"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->mon_decimal_point));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("mon_decimal_point"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->mon_thousands_sep));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("mon_thousands_sep"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->mon_grouping));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("mon_grouping"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->positive_sign));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("positive_sign"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(lc->negative_sign));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("negative_sign"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->int_frac_digits);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("int_frac_digits"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->frac_digits);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("frac_digits"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->p_cs_precedes);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("p_cs_precedes"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->p_sep_by_space);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("p_sep_by_space"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->n_cs_precedes);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("n_cs_precedes"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->n_sep_by_space);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("n_sep_by_space"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->p_sign_posn);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("p_sign_posn"));
    sprintf(buff, "%d", (int)lc->n_sign_posn);
    SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(buff));
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i++, mkChar("n_sign_posn"));
    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, ansnames);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
#else
    return R_NilValue;
#endif
}

/* .Internal function for path.expand */
SEXP attribute_hidden do_pathexpand(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP fn, ans;
    int i, n;

    checkArity(op, args);
    fn = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(fn))
        error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "path");
    n = length(fn);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, n));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	SEXP tmp = mkChar(R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(fn, i))));
	markKnown(tmp, STRING_ELT(fn, i));
	SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, tmp);
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
}

#ifdef Unix
static int var_R_can_use_X11 = -1;

extern Rboolean R_access_X11(void); /* from src/unix/X11.c */

static Rboolean R_can_use_X11()
{
    if (var_R_can_use_X11 < 0) {
#ifdef HAVE_X11
	if(strcmp(R_GUIType, "none") != 0) {
	    /* At this point we have permission to use the module, so try it */
	    var_R_can_use_X11 = R_access_X11();
	} else {
	    var_R_can_use_X11 = 0;
	}
#else
	var_R_can_use_X11 = 0;
#endif
    }

    return var_R_can_use_X11 > 0;
}
#endif


SEXP attribute_hidden do_capabilities(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP what, ans, ansnames;
    int i = 0;
#ifdef Unix
    int j = 0;
    Rboolean X11 = FALSE;
#endif

    checkArity(op, args);
    what = CAR(args);
    if(!isNull(what) && !isString(what))
	error(_("invalid value of 'what' argument"));

#if defined(Unix) && defined(HAVE_X11)
    /* Don't load the module and contact the X11 display
       unless it is necessary.
    */
    if(isNull(what)) X11 = R_can_use_X11();
    else
        for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(what); j++)
       	    if(streql(CHAR(STRING_ELT(what, j)), "X11")
#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
	       || streql(CHAR(STRING_ELT(what, j)), "jpeg")
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PNG
	       || streql(CHAR(STRING_ELT(what, j)), "png")
#endif
	        ) {
	        X11 = R_can_use_X11();
	        break;
	    }
#endif
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(LGLSXP, 12));
    PROTECT(ansnames = allocVector(STRSXP, 12));

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("jpeg"));
#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
#ifdef Unix
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = X11;
#else /* Windows */
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#endif
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("png"));
#ifdef HAVE_PNG
#ifdef Unix
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = X11;
#else /* Windows */
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#endif
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("tcltk"));
#ifdef HAVE_TCLTK
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("X11"));
#ifdef HAVE_X11
#if defined(Unix) && !defined(__APPLE_CC__)
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = X11;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#endif
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("http/ftp"));
#if HAVE_INTERNET
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("sockets"));
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKETS
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("libxml"));
#ifdef SUPPORT_LIBXML
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("fifo"));
#if defined(HAVE_MKFIFO) && defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H)
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    /* This one is complex.  Set it to be true only in interactive use,
       with the Windows and GNOME GUIs (but not Tk GUI) or under Unix
       if readline is available and in use. */
    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("cledit"));
    LOGICAL(ans)[i] = FALSE;
#if defined(Win32)
    if(R_Interactive) LOGICAL(ans)[i] = TRUE;
#endif
#ifdef Unix
    if(strcmp(R_GUIType, "GNOME") == 0) {  /* always interactive */
	LOGICAL(ans)[i] = TRUE;  /* also AQUA ? */
    } else {
#if defined(HAVE_LIBREADLINE) && defined(HAVE_READLINE_HISTORY_H)
	extern Rboolean UsingReadline;
	if(R_Interactive && UsingReadline) LOGICAL(ans)[i] = TRUE;
#endif
    }
#endif
    i++;

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("iconv"));
#if defined(HAVE_ICONV) && defined(ICONV_LATIN1)
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("NLS"));
#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    SET_STRING_ELT(ansnames, i, mkChar("profmem"));
#ifdef R_MEMORY_PROFILING
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = TRUE;
#else
    LOGICAL(ans)[i++] = FALSE;
#endif

    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, ansnames);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}

#if defined(HAVE_BSD_NETWORKING) && defined(HAVE_ARPA_INET_H)
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

SEXP attribute_hidden do_nsl(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP ans = R_NilValue;
    const char *name; char ip[] = "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx";
    struct hostent *hp;

    checkArity(op, args);
    if(!isString(CAR(args)) || length(CAR(args)) != 1)
	error(_("'hostname' must be a character vector of length 1"));
    name = translateChar(STRING_ELT(CAR(args), 0));

    hp = gethostbyname(name);

    if(hp == NULL) {		/* cannot resolve the address */
	warning(_("nsl() was unable to resolve host '%s'"), name);
    } else {
	if (hp->h_addrtype == AF_INET) {
	    struct in_addr in;
	    memcpy(&in.s_addr, *(hp->h_addr_list), sizeof (in.s_addr));
	    strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(in));
	} else {
	    warning(_("unknown format returned by gethostbyname"));
	}
	ans = mkString(ip);
    }
    return ans;
}
#else
SEXP attribute_hidden do_nsl(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    warning(_("nsl() is not supported on this platform"));
    return R_NilValue;
}
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_sysgetpid(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    checkArity(op, args);
    return ScalarInteger(getpid());
}


#ifndef Win32
/* mkdir is defined in <sys/stat.h> */
SEXP attribute_hidden do_dircreate(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP path;
    int res, show, recursive;
    char *p, dir[PATH_MAX];

    checkArity(op, args);
    path = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(path) || length(path) != 1)
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "path");
    show = asLogical(CADR(args));
    if(show == NA_LOGICAL) show = 0;
    recursive = asLogical(CADDR(args));
    if(recursive == NA_LOGICAL) recursive = 0;
    strcpy(dir, R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, 0))));
    /* remove trailing slashes */
    p = dir + strlen(dir) - 1;
    while(*p == '/' && strlen(dir) > 1) *p-- = '\0';
    if(recursive) {
	p = dir;
	while((p = Rf_strchr(p+1, '/'))) {
	    *p = '\0';
	    res = mkdir(dir, 0777);
	    if(res && errno != EEXIST) goto end;
	    *p = '/';
	}
    }
     res = mkdir(dir, 0777);
    if(show && res && errno == EEXIST)
	warning(_("'%s' already exists"), dir);
end:
    return ScalarLogical(res == 0);
}
#else
#include <io.h> /* mkdir is defined here */
SEXP attribute_hidden do_dircreate(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
    SEXP  path;
    char *p, dir[MAX_PATH];
    int res, show, recursive;

    checkArity(op, args);
    path = CAR(args);
    if (!isString(path) || length(path) != 1)
	error(_("invalid '%s' argument"), "path");
    show = asLogical(CADR(args));
    if(show == NA_LOGICAL) show = 0;
    recursive = asLogical(CADDR(args));
    if(recursive == NA_LOGICAL) recursive = 0;
    strcpy(dir, R_ExpandFileName(translateChar(STRING_ELT(path, 0))));
    /* need DOS paths on Win 9x */
    R_fixbackslash(dir);
    /* remove trailing slashes */
    p = dir + strlen(dir) - 1;
    while(*p == '\\' && strlen(dir) > 1 && *(p-1) != ':') *p-- = '\0';
    if(recursive) {
	p = dir;
	while((p = Rf_strchr(p+1, '\\'))) {
	    *p = '\0';
	    if(*(p-1) != ':') {
		res = mkdir(dir);
		if(res && errno != EEXIST) goto end;
	    }
	    *p = '\\';
	}
    }
    res = mkdir(dir);
    if(show && res && errno == EEXIST)
	warning(_("'%s' already exists"), dir);
end:
    return ScalarLogical(res == 0);
}
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_l10n_info(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP env)
{
#ifdef Win32
    int len = 4;
#else
    int len = 3;
#endif
    SEXP ans, names;
    checkArity(op, args);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(VECSXP, len));
    PROTECT(names = allocVector(STRSXP, len));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 0, mkChar("MBCS"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 1, mkChar("UTF-8"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 2, mkChar("Latin-1"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 0, ScalarLogical(mbcslocale));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 1, ScalarLogical(utf8locale));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 2, ScalarLogical(latin1locale));
#ifdef Win32
    SET_STRING_ELT(names, 3, mkChar("codepage"));
    SET_VECTOR_ELT(ans, 3, ScalarInteger(localeCP));
#endif
    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, names);
    UNPROTECT(2);
    return ans;
}

#ifndef Win32 /* in src/gnuwin32/extra.c */
#ifndef HAVE_DECL_REALPATH
extern char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved_path);
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_normalizepath(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
#if defined(HAVE_GETCWD) && defined(HAVE_REALPATH)
    SEXP ans, paths = CAR(args);
    int i, n = LENGTH(paths);
    const char *path;
    char tmp[PATH_MAX+1], abspath[PATH_MAX+1], *res = NULL;
    Rboolean OK;

    checkArity(op, args);
    if(!isString(paths))
	error("'path' must be a character vector");
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(STRSXP, n));
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	path = translateChar(STRING_ELT(paths, i));
	OK = strlen(path) <= PATH_MAX;
	if(OK) {
	    if(path[0] == '/') strncpy(abspath, path, PATH_MAX);
	    else {
		OK = getcwd(abspath, PATH_MAX) != NULL;
		OK = OK && (strlen(path) + strlen(abspath) + 1 <= PATH_MAX);
		if(OK) {
		    strcat(abspath, "/");
		    strcat(abspath, path);
		}
	    }
	}
	if(OK) res = realpath(abspath, tmp);
	if (OK && res) SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, mkChar(tmp));
	else SET_STRING_ELT(ans, i, STRING_ELT(paths, i));
    }
    UNPROTECT(1);
    return ans;
#else
    checkArity(op, args);
    warning("insufficient OS support on this platform");
    return CAR(args);
#endif
}
#endif

SEXP attribute_hidden do_Cstack_info(SEXP call, SEXP op, SEXP args, SEXP rho)
{
    SEXP ans, nms;
    
    checkArity(op, args);
    PROTECT(ans = allocVector(INTSXP, 4));
    PROTECT(nms = allocVector(STRSXP, 4));
    INTEGER(ans)[0] = (R_CStackLimit == -1) ? NA_INTEGER : R_CStackLimit;
    INTEGER(ans)[1] = (R_CStackLimit == -1) ? NA_INTEGER :
	R_CStackDir * (R_CStackStart - (uintptr_t) &ans);
    INTEGER(ans)[2] = R_CStackDir;
    INTEGER(ans)[3] = R_EvalDepth;
    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 0, mkChar("size"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 1, mkChar("current"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 2, mkChar("direction"));
    SET_STRING_ELT(nms, 3, mkChar("eval_depth"));

    UNPROTECT(2);
    setAttrib(ans, R_NamesSymbol, nms);
    return ans;    
}