\name{Extract.factor}
\title{Extract or Replace Parts of a Factor}
\alias{[.factor}
\alias{[<-.factor}
\alias{[[.factor}
\description{
  Extract or replace subsets of factors.
}
\usage{
x[\dots, drop = FALSE]

x[[i]]

x[\dots] <- value
}
\arguments{
  \item{x}{a factor}
  \item{\dots, i}{a specification of indices -- see \code{\link{Extract}}.}
  \item{drop}{logical.  If true, unused levels are dropped.}
  \item{value}{character: a set of levels.  Factor values are coerced to
    character.}
}
\value{
  A factor with the same set of levels as \code{x} unless
  \code{drop=TRUE}.  (Prior to \R 2.4.0, \code{[[} returned the integer code.)
}
\details{
  When unused levels are dropped the ordering of the remaining levels is
  preserved.
  
  If \code{value} is not in \code{levels(x)}, a missing value is
  assigned with a warning.
  
  Any \code{\link{contrasts}} assigned to the factor are preserved
  unless \code{drop=TRUE}.
}
\seealso{
  \code{\link{factor}}, \code{\link{Extract}}.
}
\examples{
## following example(factor)
(ff <- factor(substring("statistics", 1:10, 1:10), levels=letters))
ff[, drop=TRUE]
factor(letters[7:10])[2:3, drop = TRUE]
}
\keyword{category}