=begin
=module NumRu::Misc::MD_Iterators

A Mixin.
To be included in a class with multi-dimension indexing support
(such as NArray).

==Index

* ((<each_subary_at_dims>))
* ((<each_subary_at_dims_with_index>))

==Methods
---each_subary_at_dims( *dims )

    Iterator for each sub-array (not each element) specified by dimensions.

    ARGUMENT
    * ((|dims|)) (integers) : specifies subsets at dimensions 
      specified here with the beginning-to-end selection. 
      For example, [0, 1] to specify the first 2 dimensions 
      (subsets will be 2D then), and [2] to specify the 3rd 
      dimension (subsets will be 1D). Duplication has no effect, 
      so [0,0] and [0] are the same. Also, its order has no effect.
      See EXAMPLE below for more.

    RETURN VALUE
    * self

    POSSIBLE EXCEPTIONS
    * exception is raised if ( dims.min<0 || dims.max>=self.rank ).

    EXAMPLE

    * Suppose that you want to do something with 2D sub-arrays in a
      multi-dimension NArray. First, you include this module as follows:

        require "narray"
        class NArray
           include NumRu::Misc::MD_Iterators
        end

      And prepare the array if you have not (here, it is 4D):

        na = NArray.int(10,2,5,2).indgen!

      Then you do the job like this:

        na.each_subary_at_dims(0,2){ |sub|
          ...  # do whatever with sub
        }

      This is equivalent to the following:

        (0...na.shape[3]).each{|j|
          (0...na.shape[1]).each{|i|
            sub = na[0..-1, i, 0..-1, j]
            ...  # do whatever with sub
          }
        }

      Note that the loop must be nested 3 times when (('na')) is a 5D array,
      if the latter approach is used. On the other hand, it will still 
      require the same single loop with the former.      

---each_subary_at_dims_with_index( *dims )
    Like ((<each_subary_at_dims>)) but the block takes two arguments:
    subset and the subset specifier (index).

    EXAMPLE
    * Suppose the example above in ((<each_subary_at_dims>)) (EXAMPLE).
      And suppose that you want to overwrite (('na')) with the result
      you get. You can do it like this:

        na.each_subary_at_dims_with_index(0,2){ |sub,idx|
          result = (sub + 10) / 2
          na[*idx] = result
        }

      Here, (('idx')) is an Array to be fed in the []= or [] methods
      with asterisk (ungrouping).
=end

module NumRu
  module Misc
    module MD_Iterators

      def each_subary_at_dims( *dims )
	if dims.min<0 || dims.max>=rank
	  raise ArguemntError,"Invalid dims #{dims.inspect} for #{rank}D array"
	end

	loopdims = Array.new
	sh = Array.new
	len = 1
	(0...rank).each{|i| 
	  if !dims.include?(i)
	    loopdims.push(i) 
	    sh.push(shape[i])
	    len *= shape[i]
	  end
	}
	if loopdims.length == 0
	  yield(self)
	  return self
	end
	cs = [1]
	(1...sh.length).each{|i| cs[i] = sh[i-1]*cs[i-1]}
	idx = Array.new
	all = 0..-1
	for i in 0...len do
	  loopdims.each_with_index{|d,j| idx[d] = ( (i/cs[j])%sh[j] )}
	  dims.each{|d| idx[d] = all}
	  sub = self[ *idx ]
	  yield(sub)
	end
	self
      end

      def each_subary_at_dims_with_index( *dims )
	if dims.min<0 || dims.max>=rank
	  raise ArguemntError,"Invalid dims #{dims.inspect} for #{rank}D array"
	end

	loopdims = Array.new
	sh = Array.new
	len = 1
	(0...rank).each{|i| 
	  if !dims.include?(i)
	    loopdims.push(i) 
	    sh.push(shape[i])
	    len *= shape[i]
	  end
	}
	if loopdims.length == 0
	  yield(self, false)
	  return self
	end
	cs = [1]
	(1...sh.length).each{|i| cs[i] = sh[i-1]*cs[i-1]}
	idx = Array.new
	all = 0..-1
	for i in 0...len do
	  loopdims.each_with_index{|d,j| idx[d] = ( (i/cs[j])%sh[j] )}
	  dims.each{|d| idx[d] = all}
	  sub = self[ *idx ]
	  yield(sub, idx)
	end
	self
      end

    end
  end
end

##################################

if __FILE__ == $0
  require "narray"
  class NArray
    include NumRu::Misc::MD_Iterators
  end
  na = NArray.int(10,2,2,2).indgen!
  puts "** test A **"
  na.each_subary_at_dims(0,1){ |sub|
    p sub
  }
  puts "** test B **"
  na.each_subary_at_dims(0,3){ |sub|
    p sub
  }
  puts "** test C **"
  na.each_subary_at_dims(2,1,0){ |sub|     # same as (0,1,2)
    p sub
  }
  puts "** test C **"
  na.each_subary_at_dims(0,1,2,3){ |sub|
    p sub
  }
end