FD(1) UNIX-OS Programmer's Manual FD(1) NNAAMMEE fd - file & directory maintenance tool SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ffdd [ --aabbCCeeffhhiikkllmmNNnnPPrrSSssTTttuuvvxx ] [ --_N_A_M_E==_v_a_l_u_e ] [ _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y [ _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_2 _._._. ]] ffddsshh [ --aabbCCcceeffhhiikkllmmNNnnPPrrSSssTTttuuvvxx ] [ _a_r_g_s ] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN FFdd is a file & directory maintenance tool considered for the text terminals on general UNIX. It aims for a clone of the same named utility which is made for the PC/AT compatible machine and PC-9800 series. In fact, it is upper compatible functionally. FFdd shows the browser screen listing files when you have invoked it. You can input some key which is bound each com- mand, to execute various operations. (In the following description, ((UUNNIIXX)) means that the opera- tion is implemented only on UNIX version and not effective on MS-DOS version. As well as it, ((DDOOSS)) means that the operation is implemented only on MS-DOS version.) OOppttiioonnss The command line option is used for setting internal shell operations and setting the internal variables described below. You can use any variable name as the internal vari- able, but ffdd can accept only those which are described in the below section of EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS. If you specify _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y, the current directory is moved to the directory initially. If you specify _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_2 _._._., the split window mode is invoked, and the current directoris of the supple- mental windows are moved to the each directory. The following options are available for the internal shell. --cc _s_t_r_i_n_g Commands described by _s_t_r_i_n_g are executed and exit immediately. It is effective only when it is invoked as ffddsshh. --ii If the --ii flag is present or if the standard input/output is a terminal, the shell is interactive shell. --ss If the --ss flag is present or if no _a_r_g_s is specified, commands for the shell are read from the standard input. Any remaining argument specifies the positional parameter. --rr The shell is a restricted shell. Specifically, the following operations are disallowed. changing the current directory setting the value of $$PPAATTHH, $$SSHHEELLLL and $$EENNVV specifying command names include // redirecting output (>> and >>>>) IINN_DDIIRR OOUUTT_DDIIRR LLOOGG_TTOOPP LLOOGG_DDIIRR AATTTTRR_FFIILLEE CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE MMOOVVEE_FFIILLEE DDEELLEETTEE_FFIILLEE DDEELLEETTEE_DDIIRR RREENNAAMMEE_FFIILLEE MMAAKKEE_DDIIRR WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR TTRREEEE_DDIIRR BBAACCKKUUPP_TTAAPPEE EEDDIITT_FFIILLEE UUNNPPAACCKK_FFIILLEE PPAACCKK_FFIILLEE LLOOGG_TTRREEEE CCOOPPYY_TTRREEEE MMOOVVEE_TTRREEEE UUNNPPAACCKK_TTRREEEE FFIINNDD_DDIIRR AATTTTRR_DDIIRR When invoked as rrffdd or rrffddsshh, it becomes this res- tricted shell automatically. --ll The shell is a login shell. --NN Reading the initial configuration files is omitted. In addition, the options described below in the description of sseett the builtin command are available. SSccrreeeenn LLaayyoouutt FFdd has the 3 major screen modes. In the browser screen, you can select from the file list and execute each command. In the archive browser screen, files in the archive file are listed separately by directory, and you can browse as well as the browser screen. In the tree screen, you can move on the directory tree and select the directory path. In all screen modes, each 33 lines on the top/bottom of the screen are used for the various information of ffdd.. The top information lines sometimes become 44 lines. The screen lay- out is the following. line# Description 11 The title line. The clock at the right end is updated every 1100 seconds. 22 The information line. It displays informations in this order: the current page (and the total pages), the number of marks (ant the total marks), the sorted type, the pattern string for file search. 33 The path line. It displays the fullpath of the current directory. In the archive browser screen, it displays the fullpath of the archive file and the current path in the archive. 22 (optional) The file size information line. It displays the total size of the marked files in the directory (and the total size of all files), the total capa- city and the free size of the file system includ- ing the current directory. This line appears by SSIIZZEEIINNFFOO the internal variable setting. When this line is displayed, The information line and the path line are displayed 1 line under each. bboottttoomm -- 22 The stack line. It displays files temporarily which you push in stack, when arranging files. bboottttoomm -- 11 The function line. It displays the operations of function keys. bboottttoomm The status line. It displays the status of the file on the cursor position. It also displays warning messages when command is executed with some troubles. IInntteerrnnaall CCoommmmaannddss You can use the following internal commands on ffdd. While any user can change the key binding for these internal com- mands, here shows the default key binding. The identifier is used when it is executed from the command line of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH command, and when the user defines the key bind- ing. Identifier Command Key CCUURR_UUPP Move a cursor up UUpp CCUURR_DDOOWWNN Move a cursor down DDoowwnn CCUURR_RRIIGGHHTT Move a cursor right RRiigghhtt CCUURR_LLEEFFTT Move a cursor left LLeefftt RROOLLLL_UUPP Turn ahead to the next page PPaaggeeDDoowwnn RROOLLLL_DDOOWWNN Turn back to the prev. page PPaaggeeUUpp CCUURR_TTOOPP Move a cursor top BBeegg(<) CCUURR_BBOOTTTTOOMM Move a cursor bottom EEooll(>) FFNNAAMMEE_RRIIGGHHTT Shift right a filename (( FFNNAAMMEE_LLEEFFTT Shift left a filename )) OONNEE_CCOOLLUUMMNN Change layout into 1 column 11 TTWWOO_CCOOLLUUMMNNSS Change layout into 2 columns 22 TTHHRREEEE_CCOOLLUUMMNNSS Change layout into 3 columns 33 FFIIVVEE_CCOOLLUUMMNNSS Change layout into 5 columns 55 MMAARRKK_FFIILLEE Mark a file TTaabb MMAARRKK_FFIILLEE22 Mark and move down SSppaaccee MMAARRKK_FFIILLEE33 Mark and move in a page ^^SSppaaccee(^@) MMAARRKK_AALLLL Mark all files HHoommee(+) MMAARRKK_RREEVVEERRSSEE Mark all files reversely EEnndd(-) MMAARRKK_FFIINNDD Mark the matched files ** IINN_DDIIRR Change to a sub directory RReettuurrnn OOUUTT_DDIIRR Change to a parent directory BBss LLOOGG_TTOOPP Change to a root directory \\ RREERREEAADD_DDIIRR Reread the current directory ^^LL PPUUSSHH_FFIILLEE Push a file to the stack DDeell(]) PPOOPP_FFIILLEE Pop a file from the stack IInnss([) LLOOGG_DDIIRR Change to a logical directory FF11(l) EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE Execute a file FF22(x) CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE Copy a file FF33(c) DDEELLEETTEE_FFIILLEE Delete a file FF44(d) RREENNAAMMEE_FFIILLEE Rename a file FF55(r) SSOORRTT_DDIIRR Sort the current directory FF66(s) FFIINNDD_FFIILLEE Find files FF77(f) TTRREEEE_DDIIRR Display the tree screen FF88(t) EEDDIITT_FFIILLEE Edit a file FF99(e) UUNNPPAACCKK_FFIILLEE Unpack a file FF1100(u) AATTTTRR_FFIILLEE Change a file attribute FF1111(a) IINNFFOO_FFIILLEESSYYSS Display a file system info. FF1122(i) MMOOVVEE_FFIILLEE Move a file FF1133(m) DDEELLEETTEE_DDIIRR Delete a directory FF1144(D) MMAAKKEE_DDIIRR Make a directory FF1155(k) EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH Execute a child process FF1166(h) WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR Write a displayed directory FF1177(w) BBAACCKKUUPP_TTAAPPEE Backup into a tape FF1188(b) VVIIEEWW_FFIILLEE View a file FF1199(v) PPAACCKK_FFIILLEE Pack a file FF2200(p) LLOOGG_TTRREEEE Change directory with tree LL CCOOPPYY_TTRREEEE Copy a file with tree CC MMOOVVEE_TTRREEEE Move a file with tree MM UUNNPPAACCKK_TTRREEEE Unpack a file with tree UU FFIINNDD_DDIIRR Find a file recursively FF AATTTTRR_DDIIRR Change attributes recursively AA SSYYMMLLIINNKK_MMOODDEE Switch the symbolic link mode SS FFIILLEETTYYPPEE_MMOODDEE Switch the file type symbol TT DDOOTTFFIILLEE_MMOODDEE Switch the dot file display HH FFIILLEEFFLLGG_MMOODDEE Switch the file flag display OO LLAAUUNNCCHH_FFIILLEE Invoke the launcher RReettuurrnn SSEEAARRCCHH_FFOORRWW Search forward a file ^^SS SSEEAARRCCHH_BBAACCKK Search backward a file ^^RR SSPPLLIITT_WWIINNDDOOWW Split into the windows // NNEEXXTT_WWIINNDDOOWW Change to the next window ^^ WWIIDDEENN_WWIINNDDOOWW Widen the current window WW NNAARRRROOWW_WWIINNDDOOWW Narrow the current window NN KKIILLLL_WWIINNDDOOWW Kill the current window KK EEDDIITT_CCOONNFFIIGG Invoke the customizer EE HHEELLPP_MMEESSSSAAGGEE Display a help screen ?? QQUUIITT_SSYYSSTTEEMM Quit from fd EEsscc(q) WWAARRNNIINNGG_BBEELLLL Bell for warning NNOO_OOPPEERRAATTIIOONN Do nothing The last 2 internal commands are used when you want change the default key binding to cancel. IInntteerrnnaall CCoommmmaannddss DDeessccrriippttiioonn The detail of each internal command is the following. Internal commands with similar function are described together. MMoovvee ccuurrssoorr Move a cursor. TTuurrnn ppaaggee Turn to the previous/next page, when files are not completely held in a screen. Also if you try to move out of the page with Cursor move, the page will be turned. MMoovvee ttoo tthhee ttoopp//bboottttoomm Move a cursor to the top/bottom of the file list. When the list is not held in a screen, the page is turned. SShhiifftt ffiilleennaammee Shift the displayed string of filename on the cursor position, when the filename is longer than the prepared column width. It is displayed as shifted to right/left by 1 character. The display of the status line is also shifted simultaneously. CChhaannggee llaayyoouutt Change the number of columns into each value. There are usually 22 columns per screen. As the column width per file is changed according to the number of columns, the displayed information is also changed. MMaarrkk ffiillee Mark the file on the cursor position. You cannot mark any directory. [SSppaaccee] marks and moves down a cursor. [^^SSppaaccee] also marks and moves down a cur- sor, but doesn't turn the page. [HHoommee] marks all the files, [EEnndd] marks all the files reversely. [**] additionally marks the file which matches the wild- card. You must input the wildcard string whenever you push [**]. Marked files are used as the target of AATTTTRR_FFIILLEE, CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE, DDEELLEETTEE_FFIILLEE, MMOOVVEE_FFIILLEE, UUNNPPAACCKK_FFIILLEE and the user defined command macros. CChhaannggee ddiirreeccttoorryy [RReettuurrnn] changes the current directory to the direc- tory on the cursor position. If you want to change it to the parent directory, you should move a cursor to the file of ".." and push [RReettuurrnn], or simply push [BBss]. [\\] changes the current directory to the root directory. PPuusshh//ppoopp ffiillee ssttaacckk [DDeell] pushes the file on the cursor position to the file stack, and temporarily deletes the file from the file list screen. You can push files to the file stack up to 55 files. [IInnss] pops the file from the file stack and insert it on the cursor position. The last pushed file is popped first. But this order is expediently displayed in ffdd, and it is reset by Directory move. RReeddrraaww ssccrreeeenn Redraw the file list screen by rereading the infor- mation of the current directory. It is useful when some other process add/delete files, or when some- thing break the screen display. Moreover, when you use the terminal which doesn't raise SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH signal at changing the screen size (like kktteerrmm(1) on HP-UX etc.), you must intention- ally redraw after you change the screen size. CChhaannggee llooggiiccaall ddiirreeccttoorryy (Logdir) Change the current directory to the inputted path- name. When you input the pathname which starts with '/', it means not the relative move but the absolute move. When you input the pathname "..", the pathname of the current directory is adjusted into absolute expres- sion. Except this case, the current directory always is shown as the virtual pathname, by reason of a link and so on. When you input the pathname "??", you can move to the current directory when ffdd was invoked. When you input the pathname "--", you can move to the last visited directory. Moreover, When you input the pathname "@@" in floppy drive, you can move to the directory on UNIX file system, where you existed before moving to floppy drive. ((UUNNIIXX)) (Note: This command is called as "Loddsk" in the original FD on MS-DOS, which is short for "LOGical DiSK drive". This "logical" means the drive name prefixed to pathnames, and it is virtually named against "physical disk drive". On UNIX, since "log- ical disk drive" never means pathname nor directory, this command name "Change logical directory" is not suitable. But this name is expediently inherited from the original version.) EExxeeccuuttee ffiillee (eXec) Execute the file on the cursor position with some parameters, as the child process. The cursor posi- tion in command line exists after the filename in case of the executable file, and before the filename except it. You should fill suitable parameters or command name in each case. The up/down cursor keys can provide the command history which you executed before. On MS-DOS version, the LFN form filename in the com- mand line which is quoted with the quotation mark "" is automatically replaced into 8+3 form filename before execution. In this case, when there is the filename described by the string quoted with "", this string is always replaced into 8+3 form filename after deleting "", otherwise it is never replaced including "". CCooppyy ffiillee (Copy) Copy the file on the cursor position to the speci- fied directory. When the cursor position indicates a directory, its contents are copied recursively. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. When the same named file exists in the destination, you can select the operation from the following: "Update (by timestamp)", "Rename (each copied file)", "Overwrite", "Not_copy_the_same_name", "For- ward". If you select "Forward", you should specify the directory as the destination to forward. All files which have the same names are moved to the specified directory. DDeelleettee ffiillee (Delete) Delete the file on the cursor position. No direc- tory can be deleted. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. When you don't have write permission on the file, you are confirmed for security. RReennaammee ffiillee (Rename) Rename the file on the cursor position. You cannot rename to the same name as any existent file. When you specify the pathname with some directory name, it is also moved to the directory. SSoorrtt ffiillee (Sort) Sort files in the current directory. You can select the sorted type from the following: "fileName", "Extension", "Size", "Timestamp", "Length (of filename)", and specify "Up (incremental order)" or "Down (decremental order)". When the sorted type before sorting is the one except "No chg (not sort)", the choice will include "No chg". When you sort after sorting another sorted type, the previous sorted result is based in sorting. This sorting has a priority except specified type, the directory is always precedes any file, except for the case of "No chg". In case of "Length", files which have the same filename length are sorted in order of their names. But this sorting is expediently displayed in ffdd, and it is reset by Directory move. FFiinndd ffiillee (Find) Find the files matching the wildcard, and display only them. The filename which starts with '.' doesn't match the wildcard which starts with '*' nor '?'. If you want to cancel the File find, you should move the current directory, or do FFIINNDD_FFIILLEE again and input a null line. When the current directory has the files which have the extension registered to associate with an archive browser, the string which starts with '/' is used to find not the filename but the filename in archive files, and only the archive files which con- tain matched files are displayed. This function is available in the archive browser. After Find file, you can not do WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR. DDiissppllaayy ttrreeee ssccrreeeenn (Tree) Display the directory tree based on the current directory. You can select the directory in the tree screen, to move the current directory. EEddiitt ffiillee (Editor) Edit the file on the cursor position. The editor is used referring EEDDIITTOORR the internal variable, or referring EEDDIITTOORR the environment variable when the internal variable is undefined. UUnnppaacckk ffiillee (Unpack) Unpack the archive file on the cursor position into the specified directory. In builtin configuration, you can unpack only the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can describe configurations in the initial configuration file to support archivers except these. CChhaannggee aattttrriibbuuttee (Attr) Change the file access mode, the timestamp and the owner/group of the file on the cursor position. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. In case of the marked files, you must select the mode, the timestamp or the owner/group, before chang- ing it all together. When you input the mode, cursor keys move a cursor to the position you want to change, [SSppaaccee] reverses the attribute on the position. You should notice that the attribute of the execution bit is not a binary toggle but a triple toggle, which includes setuid bit, setgid bit and sticky bit respectively. If the target is the marked files, [mm](Mask) will mask a bit on the cursor position with '**', to keep the value of the original file attribute. When you input the timestamp, you move a cursor to the posi- tion you want to change, and input a numeric value. When you input the owner/group, you move a cursor to the position for each name, and input a name or a ID value with [SSppaaccee]. You can use the completion for a user name and a group name to input each name. Fi- nally, [RReettuurrnn] executes the change. You can cancel with [EEsscc]. Be careful that the limit check of date is not perfect. Moreover, [aa](Attr), [dd](Date), [tt](Time), [oo](Owner) and [gg](Group) move a cursor to the each beginning of input line. On the OS which has the attribute of file flags, you can change the file flags as well as the mode. In this case, [ff](Flag) move a cursor to the beginning of input line of file flags. But the value of flags which you can change is based on your permis- sion. FFiillee ssyysstteemm iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn (Info) Display the information of the specified file sys- tem. When the inputted pathname is not the special file which indicates a file system, the information of the file system including the pathname is displayed. MMoovvee ffiillee (Move) Move the file on the cursor position to the speci- fied directory. When the cursor position indicates a directory, the directory itself is moved. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. When the same named file exists in the destination, you can select the operation as well as CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE. When the destination belongs to the different file system, copy and delete are just executed continu- ously. DDeelleettee ddiirreeccttoorryy (rmDir) Delete the directory on the cursor position recur- sively. When the directory in a symbolic link, only the link is deleted and the linked directory has no effect. MMaakkee ddiirreeccttoorryy (mKdir) Make the sub directory on the current directory. When the inputted sub directory string includes '/', which is the pathname delimiter, it goes on making directory recursively until the directory described by the string is finally created. When you input the pathname which starts with '/', the directory is made not on the current directory but on the absolute path described. EExxeeccuuttee cchhiilldd pprroocceessss (sHell) Execute the inputted command string as the child process, by handling the internal shell. You can refer the command history and use automatic LFN replacement, as well as EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE. When you push only [RReettuurrnn] without any input, the user shell which is described by SSHHEELLLL the internal variable or the environment variable is invoked. In this case, you should input "eexxiitt" to return to ffdd. When the value of SSHHEELLLL is ffddsshh, the internal shell is exe- cuted as the interactive shell. However, when there is the same command name as a builtin command or a internal command, the builtin command or the internal command are executed instead of the external command. You can refer the clause of `BBuuiillttiinn CCoommmmaannddss' for the details of the builtin command. WWrriittee ddiirreeccttoorryy (Write) Write the displayed directory. The gap between files on the directory entry is filled. When it is executed after arranged by PPUUSSHH_FFIILLEE, PPOOPP_FFIILLEE and SSOORRTT_DDIIRR, the result is written. When the displayed directory doesn't belong to the hierarchy under your home directory, you are con- firmed for security whether if any other user doesn't use the directory. Since it is insecure, you cannot write the NFS mounted directory and some special directories. If you execute the internal command which arranges the file order, and then try to execute the internal command which will break that order, you will be confirmed whether if you write the directory or not, just before the internal command is executed. For this function, you can write the directory without intentionally executing this Directory write com- mand. But when the displayed directory is not under your home directory, this confirmation is not done. BBaacckkuupp ttaappee (Backup) Backup the file on the cursor position into the specified storage device. When the cursor position indicates a directory, all of its contents is back- uped. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. TTaarr(1) is used for backup. When you specify the filename except special files indicates devices as input of the device name, the archive file is created with that filename. VViieeww ffiillee (View) View the file on the cursor position. The pager is used referring PPAAGGEERR the internal variable, or referring PPAAGGEERR the environment variable when the internal variable is undefined. PPaacckk ffiillee (Pack) Pack the file on the cursor position into the speci- fied archive file. When the cursor position indi- cates a directory, all of its contents is packed into the archive file. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked files. According to the extension of the inputted archive file, the associated archiver is automatically selected. In builtin configuration, you can pack only the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can describe configura- tions in the initial configuration file to support archivers except these. When you use ttaarr(1), you may sometimes be unable to pack a lot of files at once, because of the maximum parameter length which can be given at once. In those case, you can create the archive file with BBAACCKKUUPP_TTAAPPEE. OOppeerraattiioonnss wwiitthh ttrreeee [LL], [CC], [MM] and [UU] can make you select the path- name from the directory tree instead of the string input. They execute the internal command equivalent to LLOOGG_DDIIRR, CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE, MMOOVVEE_FFIILLEE and UUNNPPAACCKK_FFIILLEE, respectively. FFiinndd ffiillee rreeccuurrssiivveellyy Find the file matching the wildcard recursively under the current directory, and move the directory where the found file exists. When the cursor posi- tion indicates a directory, it find the file under the directory on the cursor position instead of the current directory. You will be confirmed for each matching file whether if you move or not, and you can select [nn](No) unless the target file is displayed. CChhaannggee aattttrriibbuutteess rreeccuurrssiivveellyy Change attributes the directory on the cursor posi- tion revursively. As well as changing attributes of the marked files, you must select the mode, the time- stamp or the owner/group, before changing it all to- gether with each file under the directory. When you input the mode, you should notice that the attribute of the execution bit, in this case, is not a triple toggle but a 5-states toggle, which in- cludes 'XX' and '!!'. 'XX' means setting the bit only if the object is a directory or some execution bits are set. '!!' also means unsetting the bit only if the object is a directory or some execution bits are set. [mm](Mask) will mask a bit on the cursor posi- tion with '**', to keep the value of the original file attribute. IInnvvookkee llaauunncchheerr [RReettuurrnn] executes the operation according to the extension of the file on the cursor position, unless the cursor position indicates a directory. In buil- tin configuration, the archive browser is registered with the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can describe configura- tions in the initial configuration file to register launchers except these. When the file on the cursor position has the unre- gistered extension, it will behave as same as VVIIEEWW_FFIILLEE. In the archive browser, the registered launcher is available, so that you can invoke the archive browser recursively. SSwwiittcchh ssyymmbboolliicc lliinnkk mmooddee In case of the symbolic link file, the file informa- tion displayed in the file column and the status line shows not the status of its referential file but the status of the link itself. It switches to show the status of the referential file. ((UUNNIIXX)) In the mode of showing the status of the referential file, 'SS'(Symbolic Link) is displayed on the left end of the function line. SSwwiittcchh ffiillee ttyyppee ssyymmbbooll mmooddee Switch to display the symbol which means the file type after the filename in the file list, like as the display in -F option of llss(1). It is toggle to switch if display the symbol or not. The each sym- bol means the following. // directory @@ symbolic link ** executable file == socket || FIFO (MS-DOS version and the floppy drive) // directory ** executable file == system file || label In the mode of displaying the file type symbol, 'TT'(Type) is displayed on the left end of the func- tion line. SSwwiittcchh ddoott ffiillee ddiissppllaayy mmooddee Switch not to display the file whose filename starts with '.' in the file list. It is toggle to switch if display the dot file or not. In the mode of not displaying the dot file, 'HH'(Hidden) is displayed on the left end of the function line. SSwwiittcchh ffiillee ffllaagg ddiissppllaayy mmooddee Switch to display the file flag, which exists in some OS, instead of the file mode on each file. It is toggle to switch if display the file flag or the file mode. This is not available on any OS without the file flag. The each symbol means the following respectively. ((UUNNIIXX)) AA Archived NN Nodump aa system Append-only cc system unChangeable (immutable) uu system Undeletable aa user Append-only cc user unChangeable (immutable) uu user Undeletable In the mode of displaying the file flag, 'FF'(Flags) is displayed on the left end of the function line. SSeeaarrcchh ffiillee Search the current directory incrementally for the filename, with moving a cursor. When you execute this command, to switch to the search mode, a prompt appears in the function line. You can input the filename in this prompt, and a cursor will move to the filename matching the string which is already inputted at that present. [EEsscc] switches to the normal mode. SSpplliitt wwiinnddooww Split the current window. When you split a window in the normal non-split window mode, it will be the split window mode in which the screen is split into 2 windows vertically. In the split window mode, you can operate works individually on each window. When you split a window in the split window mode, the current working window is split into 2 windows ver- tically. You can make split windows up to 55. CChhaannggee wwiinnddooww Change effective window to the next in the split window mode. When the current window is the last, the first window will be effective. In the non- split window mode, it is ineffective. WWiiddeenn wwiinnddooww Widen the current window size in the split window mode, to narrow the next window size. When the cur- rent window is the last, the first window size will be narrowed. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective. NNaarrrrooww wwiinnddooww Narrow the current window size in the split window mode, to widen the next window size. When the cur- rent window is the last, the first window size will be widened. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective. KKiillll wwiinnddooww Kill the current window in the split window mode, to join it to the previous window. When the current window is the first, it will be joined to the last window. If the result number of windows is one, it will be the non-split window mode. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective. IInnvvookkee ccuussttoommiizzeerr Invoke the customizer which interactively changes the configurations to be set up by the internal variable and the builtin command. While the confi- gurations which is set up here is reflected immedi- ately, you must intentionally save configurations in the customizer if you want to reflect in the initial configuration file. DDiissppllaayy hheellpp Display the list of the current key bindings and their command descriptions. When the list is not completely held in a screen, it prompts for every screen. In case of the circulated executable binary file, this screen shows the E-mail address of the circula- tion manager in the function line. Please contact here when something will happen. QQuuiitt (Quit) Quit from ffdd. CCoommmmaannddss In EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH and the initial configuration file, you can use the internal commands described above and the builtin commands described below, as well as the external commands. With these commands, a pipeline can consist of one or more commands separated by || or ||&&. || connects the standard out- put of the previous command to the standard input of the next command. ||&& connects both the standard output and the standard error output of the previous command to the stan- dard input of the next command. The exit status of a pipe- line is the exit status of the last command. You can start a pipeline with !!, then the exit status of a pipeline will be the logical NOT of the exit status of the last command. Moreover, a command list can consist of one or more pipe- lines separated by ;;, &&, &&||, &&&&, ||||. This command list can end with ;;, && or &&||. These separators mean the following. ;; Execute commands sequentially. && Execute commands synchronously, not waiting for the preceding pipeline to finish. ((UUNNIIXX)) &&|| Same as &&, except to immediately ddiissoowwnn the job. ((UUNNIIXX)) &&&& Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a 00 exit status. |||| Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a non-00 exit status. In these command lists, a newline means as same as ;;. The input/output of each command in the command list can be redirected with the following redirectees. These redirectees can be placed on any position in the command string. _n<<_f_i_l_e Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor _n into the input from _f_i_l_e. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. _n>>_f_i_l_e Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor _n into the output to _f_i_l_e. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. If _f_i_l_e doesn't exist it is created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output. _n>>||_f_i_l_e Same as >>, except to force to overwrite existent files even if --CC option is set by sseett the builtin command. _n>>>>_f_i_l_e Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor _n into the output to _f_i_l_e. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. If _f_i_l_e doesn't exist it is created, otherwise output is appended to it. _n_1<<&&_n_2 Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor _n_1 into the input indicated by the file descriptor _n_2. If _n_1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. _n_1>>&&_n_2 Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor _n_1 into the output indicated by the file descriptor _n_2. If _n_1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. &&>>_f_i_l_e Redirect both the standard output and the stan- dard error output into the output to _f_i_l_e. If _f_i_l_e doesn't exist it is created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output. &&>>||_f_i_l_e Same as &&>>, except to force to overwrite existent files even if --CC option is set by sseett the builtin command. &&>>>>_f_i_l_e Redirect both the standard output and the stan- dard error output into the output to _f_i_l_e. If _f_i_l_e doesn't exist it is created, otherwise output is appended to it. _n<<>>_f_i_l_e _n>><<_f_i_l_e Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor _n into the input/output from/to _f_i_l_e. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. _n<<-- _n<<&&-- Close the input indicated by the file descrip- tor _n. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. _n>>-- _n>>&&-- Close the output indicated by the file descrip- tor _n. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified. _n<<<<[--]_w_o_r_d Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor _n into the input which is read up to a input line as same as _w_o_r_d, or to an end of file. If any part of _w_o_r_d is quoted, no input line is evaluated. Otherwise, each input line is evaluated to expand variables or replace strings. When you specify --, all tabs on the beginning of input lines is stripped to be send to a command. If _n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified. On each command line, the string from '##' to the end of line and a null line are ignored. When the line ends with '\\', it is referred as continuing into the next line, so that you can split a long line with this. BBuuiillttiinn CCoommmmaannddss FFdd has the following builtin commands. These builtin com- mands can be used in EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH and the initial configura- tion file. iiff _l_i_s_t tthheenn [eelliiff _l_i_s_t tthheenn _l_i_s_t] ... [eellssee _l_i_s_t] ffii The _l_i_s_t of iiff clause and eelliiff clauses are executed in order, and if each exit status is a 0, then the _l_i_s_t of tthheenn clause associated with it is executed and the eelliiff clauses after it are ignored. If no _l_i_s_t of iiff clause nor eelliiff clauses return a 0, the _l_i_s_t of eellssee clause is executed. If no _l_i_s_t of tthheenn clauses nor eellssee clause is executed, then iiff returns a 00 exit status. wwhhiillee _l_i_s_t ddoo _l_i_s_t ddoonnee The _l_i_s_t of wwhhiillee clause is executed repeat- edly, and while its exit status is 0, the _l_i_s_t of ddoo clause is executed repeatedly. If the _l_i_s_t of ddoo clause is never executed, then wwhhiillee returns a 00 exit status. uunnttiill _l_i_s_t ddoo _l_i_s_t ddoonnee The _l_i_s_t of uunnttiill clause is executed repeat- edly, and while its exit status is NOT 0, the _l_i_s_t of ddoo clause is executed repeatedly. If the _l_i_s_t of ddoo clause is never executed, then uunnttiill returns a 00 exit status. ffoorr _N_A_M_E [iinn _v_a_l_u_e ...] ddoo _l_i_s_t ddoonnee _N_A_M_E the internal variable is substituted for values of _v_a_l_u_e one by one, and _l_i_s_t is exe- cuted according to the each value. If iinn _v_a_l_u_e is omitted, then each positional parameter is substituted one by one. ccaassee _w_o_r_d iinn [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n [|| _p_a_t_t_e_r_n] ... )) _l_i_s_t ;;;;] ... eessaacc The string _w_o_r_d is compared with the each _p_a_t_- _t_e_r_n, _l_i_s_t associated with the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n which first matches it is executed. ((_l_i_s_t)) Execute _l_i_s_t in a sub shell. {{ _l_i_s_t;; }} Execute _l_i_s_t in the current shell. _N_A_M_E==[_v_a_l_u_e] [_c_o_m ...] Define a internal variable which is available only in ffdd. It substitutes the value (string) _v_a_l_u_e for _N_A_M_E the internal variable. When you describe the command _c_o_m after the defini- tion of a variable, _c_o_m is executed on the state where this variable is regarded as the environment variable. In this case, the definition of _N_A_M_E is not remain as the environment variable nor the internal vari- able. If _v_a_l_u_e is omitted, the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable is defined as a null. If you want to delete the definition of a inter- nal variable, use uunnsseett the builtin command. _n_a_m_e(()) {{ _l_i_s_t; }} Define a function whose body is _l_i_s_t, as the name of _n_a_m_e. The defined function can be used in the command line of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH and each command macro described below. You can use the positional parameter $$_n in each description of _l_i_s_t, which indicates the argu- ment when the function is invoked. $$00 is _n_a_m_e itself, and $$11-$$99 indicates each argument. Although you cannot omit {{ }} and _l_i_s_t, you can omit {{ }} before/after _l_i_s_t which consists of a single command. If you want to delete the definition of a function, use uunnsseett the buil- tin command. !!_n_u_m Execute the command which has the history number specified with the numeric value _n_u_m. When _n_u_m is negative value, it executes the command which has the history number as the current history number minus _n_u_m. !!!! Execute the previous command. This is synonym for !!--11. !!_s_t_r Execute the command history which starts with the string _s_t_r. :: [_a_r_g ...] No effect. But it evaluates _a_r_g and performs redirection. .. _f_i_l_e ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e Read and evaluate commands from _f_i_l_e. _F_i_l_e must exists on the directory which PPAATTHH includes, or be described with pathname. The each line format is based on the format of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. You can describe this in the file as nesting. aalliiaass [_n_a_m_e[==_c_o_m]] Define a alias whose body is _c_o_m, as the name of _n_a_m_e. The defined alias can be used in the command line of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH and each command macro described below. The alias substitution is performed recursively. If _c_o_m is omitted, the alias of _n_a_m_e is displayed. If both _c_o_m and _n_a_m_e are omitted, all the current alias definition list is displayed. aarrcchh _e_x_t [_p_a_c_k _u_n_p_a_c_k] Register the archiver command associated with the archive file which has _e_x_t the extension. The pack command is specified as _p_a_c_k, and the unpack command is specified as _u_n_p_a_c_k, using the macro representation quoted with "". When _e_x_t starts with //, uppercase/lowercase is ignored in the comparison of any extension. If both _p_a_c_k and _u_n_p_a_c_k are omitted, the archiver command registration for _e_x_t the extension is deleted. bbgg [_j_o_b] Continue the execution of the job specified with _j_o_b in the background. The following format is available to specify a job. ((UUNNIIXX)) %% %%++ the current job %%-- the previous job %%_n the job with job number _n %%_s_t_r the job whose command line starts with _s_t_r But, you must describe these %% in the command line of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH as the duplicated expres- sion, such as %%%%, for the reason of the param- eter macro function described below. If _j_o_b is omitted, the current job is contin- ued in the background. bbiinndd _c [_c_o_m_1 [_c_o_m_2] [::_c_o_m_m_e_n_t]] Bind the command _c_o_m_1 to the key _c. When you want to specify a control character for _c, you can prefix ^^ into 2 characters, such as ^A. When you want to specify a character with the META key (or the ALT key on MS-DOS version), you can prefix @@ into 2 characters, such as @a. When you want to specify a function key and a special key, you can use each identifier described in kkeeyymmaapp command after, such as F10. Or you can describe the escape sequence, such as \\nn and \\ee, and the octal expression, such as \\oooooo. In case of binding the internal command of ffdd, you can the command identifier as it is. When you want to define the internal command with some arguments or define the command in the macro representation, you should describe the string quoted with "". If _c_o_m_2 is not omitted, _c_o_m_2 is executed when the cursor position indicates a directory. When the key _c is the function key of F1-F20, if you describe _c_o_m_- _m_e_n_t prefixed with :: trailing the command description, you can change the display of associated part in the function line into _c_o_m_- _m_e_n_t. However, note that, with the key binding for the control key, the configuration in the edit mode described below is prior to the key bind- ing. If both _c_o_m_1 and _c_o_m_2 are omitted, the regis- tration of key binding for the key _c is deleted. bbrreeaakk [_n] Exit from the loop, it is used in the ffoorr statement and so on. If _n is specified, it breaks _n levels from the loop. bbrroowwssee [--@@ _f_i_l_e] bbrroowwssee _c_o_m [--ffttbbiiee _a_r_g] [--pp _c_o_m_2] [--ddnn {nnoopprreepp,lloooopp}] ... Execute _c_o_m the command, and invoke the archive browser who receives its output. You should the macro representation quoted with "" as _c_o_m. --ff, --tt, --bb, --ii and --ee options are the same as the one for llaauunncchh the builtin com- mand. In case that multiple _c_o_ms are specified, the next _c_o_m the command is exe- cuted one after another when you select each files in the archive browser, and the formats and patterns described after each _c_o_m the com- mand are adopted. In order to return to the previous level of archive browser, you should select the file named as .... or push the key [BBss]. Or you can use QQUUIITT_SSYYSSTTEEMM the command to escape from all of the archive browsers invoked by bbrroowwssee. You must describe --ff option, except for the last _c_o_m the command. When the last _c_o_m has no --ff option, the com- mand has been just executed instead of invok- ing an archive browser, and then will return to the previous archive browser when it is done. When you specify --pp option, the execution of _c_o_m_2 the command precedes the execution of the next _c_o_m the command when you select a file. While _c_o_m is executed in the sub shell for a pipeline, _c_o_m_2 is executed in the current shell to inherit the values of internal vari- ables set in this command after _c_o_m_2 has been done. The filenames which is selected toward this level of archive browser are held in positional parameters sequentially, and the last selected filename is held in $$11. These parameters will be newly set whenever you select a file, so that they are reset in sequential order when you select the next file even if you replace them with sseett or sshhiifftt the builtin command. --dd and --nn options specify a control if the selected file is a directory or not respectively. When you specify nnoopprreepp, _c_o_m_2 specified by --pp option is not executed. When you specify lloooopp, you don't step the next _c_o_m the command but the same _c_o_m the command again. And when you think troublesome to describe too many arguments for bbrroowwssee, you can specify _f_i_l_e the file in which some arguments are described with --@@ option. You can describe --@@ option in any place of arguments, the argu- ments described in _f_i_l_e are inserted in the place where --@@ is described. If you specify -- as _f_i_l_e, arguments are read from the standard input instead of the file. You should describe arguments in _f_i_l_e with spaces or new- lines as separator. The null line and the line started with ## will be ignored. When you describe --@@ option in _f_i_l_e, the argument file is referred recursively. bbuuiillttiinn _a_r_g ... Execute _a_r_g as a simple builtin command. When the same named function is defined, the func- tion will not be executed. ccdd [--LLPP] [_d_i_r] cchhddiirr [--LLPP] [_d_i_r] Change the current directory in ffdd to _d_i_r. If _d_i_r is omitted, it moves to the directory indicated by HHOOMMEE the internal variable. If you specify the pathname as "..", "??", "--", "@@", it behaves like as LLOOGG_DDIIRR. If --LL is specified, the logical pathname fol- lowing symbolic links is used. If --PP is specified, the physical pathname following no symbolic links is used. Otherwise, the pphhyyssii-- ccaall option for sseett the builtin command is effective. cchheecckkiidd [_f_i_l_e ...] Calculate the unique ID of the specified file and display it, according to the MD5 algorithm in RFC1321. When you specify multiple _f_i_l_es, the IDs of all specified files are calculated and displayed. When you specify nothing, the ID of running ffdd itself is displayed. Since this algorithm is guaranteed to be secure, it is available to confirm the iden- tity of files. ccllss Clear the screen. ccoommmmaanndd [--pp | --vv | --VV] _a_r_g ... Execute _a_r_g as a simple command. When the same named function is defined, the function will not be executed. If --pp is specified, the default value of PPAATTHH is used to search the path. If --vv is specified, the absolute path for _a_r_g is displayed instead of executing _a_r_g. In this case, _a_r_g the builtin command will cause simply its name. If --VV is specified, verbose description for _a_r_g is displayed as same as ttyyppee. ccoonnttiinnuuee _n Resume the next iteration in the loop, it is used in the ffoorr statement and so on. If _n is specified, it resumes the next iteration in the loop _n - 1 levels out of the loop. ccooppyy [--AABBVVYY--YY] _s_r_c [--AABB] [++ _s_r_c_2 [--AABB] [++ ...]] [_d_e_s_t [--AABB]] Copy the file indicated by _s_r_c into the file or the directory indicated by _d_e_s_t. When _d_e_s_t indicates a directory, the filename in the destination is _s_r_c. If _d_e_s_t is omitted, it is copied into the current directory. You can specify multiple source files by describing to separate them with ++, or by using the wild- card. When you separate them with ++, those files are concatenated and copied. When you use the wildcard, they are copied one by one in case that the destination is a directory, and they are concatenated in case that the destination is a file. When you specify --AA, it is treated as the ASCII text file. When you specify --BB, it is treated as the binary file. When you specify --VV, it is verified to copy. When you specify --YY, it doesn't prompts for confirming to overwrite into the destination. When you specify ----YY, it prompts for confirmation before overwriting into the destination. (MS-DOS version requires to use // instead of -- as an option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.) ddeell [--PP] _f_i_l_e eerraassee [--PP] _f_i_l_e Delete the files indicated by _f_i_l_e. You can specify multiple files by using wildcard. When you specify --PP, it prompts for confirma- tion before deleting files. (MS-DOS version requires to use // instead of -- as an option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.) ddiirr [--[--]PPWWSSBBLLVV44] [--AA[DDRRHHSSAA--]] [--OO[NNSSEEDDGGAA--]] [_d_i_r] List files and sub directories in the direc- tory indicated by _d_i_r. If _d_i_r is omitted, the information in the current directory is listed. When you specify --PP, it prompts for every screen. When you specify --WW, it is listed in the wide view. When you specify --AA, it lists only the files which have the attribute indi- cated by the trailing character. DD directory RR read only file HH hidden file SS system file AA ready to archive -- except it When you specify --OO, it sorts with the sorted type indicated by the trailing character. NN by name SS by size EE by extension DD by date & time GG directory first AA by last access time -- reverse order When you specify --SS, it lists files in all sub directories. When you specify --BB, it displays only names of files and directories. When you specify --LL, it uses lowercase. When you specify --VV, it lists the verbose information. When you specify --44, it displays year with 4 digits. And you can prefix -- to any option letter to override the option. (MS-DOS version requires to use // instead of -- as an option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.) ddiirrss Display the list of the current directory stack. PPuusshhdd and ppooppdd the builtin command can load/unload directories onto the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [_j_o_b] Remove the job specified with _j_o_b from the shell control. The job to be ddiissoowwnned cannot be controlled by jjoobbss, ffgg and bbgg. If invoked as a login shell, any jobs not to be ddiissoowwnned will be forced to exit when the shell finish. ((UUNNIIXX)) If _j_o_b is omitted, the current job is removed from the shell control. ddttyyppee _f_i_l_e Display the contents of the file indicated by _f_i_l_e. eecchhoo [--nn] [_a_r_g ...] Echo _a_r_g to the standard output. When you don't specify --nn, newline is added to output trailing after _a_r_g. See eecchhoo(1) for details. eennaabbllee [--nn] [_a_r_g ...] Enable _a_r_g as a builtin command. When you specify --nn, it is disabled. If _a_r_g is omit- ted, all of the enabled or disabled builtin commands is listed. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] Evaluate _a_r_g and execute the results. eevvaallmmaaccrroo [_a_r_g ...] Evaluate parameter macros included in _a_r_g and execute the results. Since eevvaall doesn't evaluate any parameter macro, you should choose them according to uses. When in the function, you cannot use any parameter macro, then you need this command to extract parame- ter macros. eexxeecc [_c_o_m [_a_r_g ...]] Execute _c_o_m in place of the execution of ffdd. You can specify _a_r_g as arguments of _c_o_m. eexxiitt [_n] Exit from ffdd. When you specify _n, it exits with the exit status _n. eexxppoorrtt [_N_A_M_E[==[_v_a_l_u_e]] ...] Mark _N_A_M_E the internal variable to be inherited to child processes as the environ- ment variable. Since then, the definition of _N_A_M_E can be referred in any child process. When you eexxppoorrtt the undefined internal vari- able, it doesn't become the environment vari- able until the internal variable is defined. When you want to define the value at the same time, you should specify _v_a_l_u_e. If only == is specified and _v_a_l_u_e is omitted, the value of _N_A_M_E the environment variable is defined as a null. If no argument is speci- fied, all of the eexxppoorrtted environment vari- ables is listed. When you want to delete the definition of the environment variable, you can use uunnsseett the builtin command. ffaallssee Only return with a 11 exit status. ffcc [--ll | --ss [_o_l_d==_n_e_w ...]] [--nnrr ] [--ee _e_d_i_t_o_r] [_f_i_r_s_t [_l_a_s_t]] List or edit command histories. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t select the range of command histories. This specification can be described as a numeric value or a string. A positive value means the command history number, and a nega- tive value means the command history which has the history number as the current history number minus the value. A string mean the command history which starts with the string. If --nn is specified, command histories are listed without their history numbers. If --rr is specified, command histories are listed in reverse order. If --ee is specified, the editor named by _e_d_i_t_o_r is used to edit command his- tories, otherwise the editor specified by FFCCEEDDIITT or EEDDIITTOORR the internal variable is used. When --ll is specified, selected command his- tories are listed to the standard output. In this case, omitting _l_a_s_t means to specify the current history number, and also omitting _f_i_r_s_t means to specify --1166. When --ss is specified, the command history selected by _f_i_r_s_t is executed immediately. In this case, omitting _f_i_r_s_t means to specify the current history number. The first occurrence of the string _o_l_d in the command history will be replaced by the string _n_e_w before execu- tion. When neither --ll nor --ss is not specified, selected command histories are edited, and then each edited commands are executed one by one with display in the standard output. In this case, omitting _l_a_s_t means to specify _f_i_r_s_t, and also omitting _f_i_r_s_t means to specify the current history number for both. ffdd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_2]] Invoke ffdd from the internal shell. If you specify _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y, the current directory is moved to the directory initially. If you specify _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y_2, the split window mode is invoked, and the current directory of the supplemental window is moved to the directory. You can return to the internal shell by QQUUIITT_SSYYSSTTEEMM. It is effective only when it is invoked as ffddsshh. ffgg [_j_o_b] Continue the execution of the job specified with _j_o_b in the foreground. The following format is available to specify a job. ((UUNNIIXX)) %% %%++ the current job %%-- the previous job %%_n the job with job number _n %%_s_t_r the job whose command line starts with _s_t_r But, you must describe these %% in the command line of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH as the duplicated expres- sion, such as %%%%, for the reason of the param- eter macro function described below. If _j_o_b is omitted, the current job is contin- ued in the foreground. ggeettkkeeyy [_n_u_m] Get the key code sequence for the pushed key. It prompts after executed, and displays the key code sequence for the key which you push to specify. It continues until you push any key _n_u_m times. When _n_u_m is more than 11 time, you can stop it with pushing [SSppaaccee]. When _n_u_m is 00 time, it continues forever until [SSppaaccee] is pushed. The displayed sequence can be used as the key code sequence for kkeeyymmaapp command. ((UUNNIIXX)) If _n_u_m is omitted, it is regarded as 11 time is specified. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r _N_A_M_E [_a_r_g ...] Used to parse the optional parameters from a sequence of _a_r_g. The valid characters as option is described in _o_p_t_s_t_r. An option character which needs an argument is described with following :: in _o_p_t_s_t_r. Each time ggeettooppttss is invoked, the new option character parsed from _a_r_g is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable. When the option has an argument, the argument is substituted for OOPPTTAARRGG the internal variable. And the index of the next parameter is substituted for OOPPTTIINNDD the inter- nal variable every time. The value of OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to 11 whenever the shell is invoked, another parsing of option parameters needs initializing OOPPTTIINNDD to 11 manually. If _a_r_g is omitted, positional parameters are parsed to the optional parameters. When the end of option is encountered, ggeettooppttss will exit with the value of 11. In this case, ?? is substituted for _N_A_M_E. When an option character which is not included in _o_p_t_s_t_r is found, an error message is written to the standard error, then ?? is substituted for _N_A_M_E and OOPPTTAARRGG is unset. But, if OOPPTTAARRGG is started with ::, no error message is written, and the found option character is substituted for OOPPTTAARRGG instead. When no argument is found with the option character which needs an argu- ment, an error message is written to the stan- dard error, then ?? is substituted for _N_A_M_E and OOPPTTAARRGG is unset. But, if OOPPTTAARRGG is started with ::, no error message is written, then the found option character is substituted for OOPPTTAARRGG instead, and :: is substituted for _N_A_M_E. hhaasshh [--rr | _c_o_m ...] Search the absolute path for _c_o_m referring to PPAATTHH, which indicates the search path when the external command is executed, and register the result in the hash table. When you specify --rr instead of _c_o_m, all the memorized hash table is discarded. If _c_o_m is omitted, the hash table information is listed. hhiittss, ccoosstt, ccoommmmaanndd indicate the number of times the command has been executed, the meas- ure of the work required to search it in the search path, and the absolute path for the command, respectively. When the command is searched in a relative directory, it is neces- sary to re-search whenever the current direc- tory is moved, because it is not registered as the absolute path. In such command, ** trail- ing hhiittss is displayed. hhiissttoorryy [_n] List the last _n command histories with the history number. If _n is omitted, all of the memorized command histories is listed. jjoobbss List the running jobs. ((UUNNIIXX)) kkccoonnvv [--ii _i_n] [--oo _o_u_t] [_i_n_f_i_l_e [_o_u_t_f_i_l_e]] Read from _i_n_f_i_l_e and convert its Kanji code from _i_n to _o_u_t, and output to _o_u_t_f_i_l_e. In _i_n and _o_u_t, you can specify the string which used in FFNNAAMMEEKKCCOODDEE the internal variable described below. If each of them is omitted, it is re- garded as that the Kanji code specified in com- pile is specified. If _o_u_t_f_i_l_e is omitted, it outputs to the standard output. If also _i_n_f_i_l_e is omitted, it reads from the standard input. ((UUNNIIXX)) kkeeyymmaapp [_c [_s_t_r]] Map the sequence _s_t_r as key code of the spe- cial key _c. You can use only the following identifiers as _c. ((UUNNIIXX)) UUPP Up DDOOWWNN Down RRIIGGHHTT Right LLEEFFTT Left BBEEGG Begin EEOOLL Eol HHOOMMEE Home EENNDD End IINNSS Insert DDEELL Delete IINNSSLLIINN InsLine DDEELLLLIINN DelLine PPPPAAGGEE PageUp NNPPAAGGEE PageDown EENNTTEERR Enter BBSS Bs CCLLRR Clear HHEELLPP Help PPLLUUSS + (tenkey) MMIINNUUSS - (tenkey) AASSTTEERR * (tenkey) SSLLAASSHH / (tenkey) CCOOMMMMAA , (tenkey) DDOOTT . (tenkey) EEQQUUAALL = (tenkey) RREETT Return (tenkey) TTKK00..TTKK99 0-9 (tenkey) FF11...FF2200 function key You can use the escape sequence in the key code sequence, such as \\nn =0x0a and \\ee =0x1b. You can also use the octal expression, such as \\oooooo. You can describe the control character prefixing ^^, such as ^A. ^^ itself can be described as \\^^. If _s_t_r is omitted, the key code sequence for _c is displayed. If both _s_t_r and _c are omitted, all of the mappings for special keys is listed. When you specify _s_t_r as """", the key code map- ping for _c is canceled. kkiillll [--ll | --_s_i_g_n_a_l] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b ...] Send the signal indicated by _s_i_g_n_a_l to the process indicated by the process number _p_i_d or to the job indicated by _j_o_b. _S_i_g_n_a_l is described as a numeric value or a signal name. If _s_i_g_n_a_l is omitted, SSIIGGTTEERRMM is send. When you specify --ll, it lists the signal names which can be used as _s_i_g_n_a_l instead of sending a signal. llaauunncchh _e_x_t [_c_o_m [_f_o_r_m_a_t [_t_o_p _b_o_t_t_o_m]]] llaauunncchh _e_x_t _c_o_m [--ff _f_o_r_m_a_t] [--tt _t_o_p] [--bb _b_o_t_t_o_m] [--iiee _p_a_t_t] Register the behavior for _e_x_t the extension as the launcher. You should the macro represen- tation quoted with "" as _c_o_m. When you regis- ter an archive browser, you should describe the command to list the archived files as _c_o_m, and describe the format of the list as _f_o_r_m_a_t. When you describe _t_o_p and _b_o_t_t_o_m, you can specify unnecessary lines in the list as the number of lines from the top/bottom line. When _e_x_t starts with //, uppercase/lowercase is ignored in the comparison of any extension. If _c_o_m is omitted, the launcher registration for _e_x_t is canceled. When you register an archive browser, you can use the latter form to describe more detailed control. You can specify multiple formats as candidates with multiple --ff options. These candidates for format are compared in order of appearance, if no one is matched completely then the nearest one is adopted. --ii and --ee options specify _p_a_t_t the pattern for the line to be ignored and for the line to be treated as error respectively. When the list includes unnecessary lines you can specify also _t_o_p and _b_o_t_t_o_m, but you must specify lines except top/bottom lines with --ii option. In case that a failure to unpack files in the archive file causes outputting some strings, you can specify the strings with --ee option. --ii and --ee options can specify multiple patterns, and they are effective if one of them is matched. And you can use a wildcard in the description for each _p_a_t_t the pattern. mmdd _d_i_r Create the directory _d_i_r. mmkkddiirr _d_i_r Same as mmdd. ((DDOOSS)) nneewwggrrpp [_a_r_g ...] Execute nneewwggrrpp(1) in place of the execution of ffdd. You can specify _a_r_g as arguments of nneewwggrrpp(1). See nneewwggrrpp(1) for details. ((UUNNIIXX)) llooggiinn [_a_r_g ...] Execute llooggiinn(1) in place of the execution of ffdd. You can specify _a_r_g as arguments of llooggiinn(1). See llooggiinn(1) for details. ((UUNNIIXX)) llooggoouutt [_n] Exit from a login shell. When you specify _n, it exits with the exit status _n. ppooppdd Unload the top directory onto the directory stack, and change the current directory in ffdd to the directory. This command is failed when the directory stack is empty. pprriinnttaarrcchh [_e_x_t] Print the archiver commands registered for the archive file which has _e_x_t the extension. If _e_x_t is omitted, all of the registered archiver commands is listed. pprriinnttbbiinndd [_c] Print the command binded to the key _c. You can specify the key as well as bbiinndd. If _c is omitted, all of the registered key bindings is listed, which is defined not as the internal command but as the command macro. The key bindings of internal commands can be referred in HHEELLPP_MMEESSSSAAGGEE. pprriinnttddrrvv [_c] Print the device file and the number of heads/sectors/cylinders of the floppy drive registered for the drive name _c. ((UUNNIIXX)) If _c is omitted, all of the registered floppy drives is listed. pprriinnttllaauunncchh [_e_x_t] Print the command macro registered as the launcher for _e_x_t the extension. When it is registered as the archive browser, the format for listing is also printed. If _e_x_t is omitted, all of the registered launchers is listed. pprriinnttrroommaann [_r_o_m_a_n] Print the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It means printing the Japanese string bound for _r_o_m_a_n the Roman string. ((UUNNIIXX)) If _r_o_m_a_n is omitted, all the registered Roman- Kana translation table is listed. ppuusshhdd [_d_i_r] Load the current directory onto the directory stack, and change the current directory in ffdd to _d_i_r. If you specify the pathname as "..", "??", "--", "@@", it behaves like as LLOOGG_DDIIRR. The pphhyyssiiccaall option for sseett the builtin com- mand is effective for symbolic links. If _d_i_r is omitted, change the current direc- tory to the top directory of the directory stack, and replace it with the current direc- tory. In this case, this command is failed when the directory stack is empty. ppwwdd [--LLPP] Display the current directory with the abso- lute representation. If --LL is specified, the logical pathname following symbolic links is displayed. If --PP is specified, the physical pathname following no symbolic links is displayed. Otherwise, the pphhyyssiiccaall option for sseett the builtin command is effective. rreeaadd [_N_A_M_E ...] Read one line from the standard input and sub- stitute that string for _N_A_M_E the internal variable. The inputted string is separated with IIFFSS into some words. When multiple _N_A_M_Es are specified, words are substituted one by one from the first of line, and all the rest are substituted for the last _N_A_M_E. When the number of words in inputted string is less than the number of _N_A_M_E, a null is substituted for the rest of _N_A_M_E. rreeaaddlliinnee [_p_r_o_m_p_t] Read one line from the terminal input and out- put that string to the standard output. When _p_r_o_m_p_t is specified, the string is displayed on the beginning of input line. This command differs from rreeaadd the builtin command in the terminal input and the line editing. You can- not use the history as one of the line edit- ing, but can use the completion for a path- name. rreeaaddoonnllyy [_N_A_M_E[==[_v_a_l_u_e]] ...] Mark _N_A_M_E the internal variable to be readonly. Since then, you cannot change the value of _N_A_M_E. When you want to define the value at the same time, you should specify _v_a_l_u_e. If only == is specified and _v_a_l_u_e is omitted, the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable is defined as a null. If no argument is specified, all of the readonly internal vari- ables is listed. rrdd _d_i_r Delete the directory _d_i_r. You cannot delete the non-empty directory. rrmmddiirr _d_i_r Same as rrdd. ((DDOOSS)) rreenn _o_l_d _n_e_w rreennaammee _o_l_d _n_e_w Rename the filename or the directory name _o_l_d into _n_e_w. You can specify the wildcard in _o_l_d and _n_e_w to rename the multiple filenames all together. rreemm [_a_r_g ...] No effect, same as ::. rreettuurrnn [_n] Return from a function with the return value specified by _n. If _n is omitted, the return value is the exit status of the last executed command. It cannot be used out of a function. ssaavveettttyy [--nn] Save the current terminal settings. The saved settings will be restored when EEXXEECCUUTTEE__SSHH is executed later. In case that you change termi- nal settings with ssttttyy(1) and so on, you should save the settings with this command not to reset settings with the next execution of EEXXEECCUUTTEE__SSHH. If you change terminal settings and execute this command not in the same com- mand line, you should notice that this command will save the reset settings. If --nn is speci- fied, the saved settings will be cleared. ((UUNNIIXX)) sseett [----aabbCCeeffhhkkmmnnttuuvvxx] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] List internal variables and functions, without any argument. When you specify _a_r_g, _a_r_g is substituted for the positional parameter $$11, $$22, ..., $$_n in order. When you specify any option, each option means the following. When you use ++ instead of --, the option parameter turns off each option. --aa EExxppoorrtt any internal variable automati- cally when it is defined. --bb When a background job has been ter- minated, its status report will be displayed immediately. there is no effect when the job control is not enable. --CC Prevent overwriting to any existent files in redirection. --ee Exit immediately when any command returns the exit status except 00. --ff Disable the wildcard expansion. --hh Register any command to the hash table just before it is executed. The commands used in a function are read when it is defined, and are registered to the hash table. The command hash itself is always valid, if --hh option is set or not. --kk Treat all _N_A_M_E==[_v_a_l_u_e] formed arguments as the variable definition, while they are not placed on the beginning of com- mand line string. --mm Enable the job control. This option is valid by default. ((UUNNIIXX)) --nn Read command inputs but don't execute them. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n The following identifiers are valid in _o_p_t_i_o_n. aalllleexxppoorrtt Same as --aa. aauuttoossaavveettttyy Same as --SS. eemmaaccss Same as EEDDIITTMMOODDEE==eemmaaccss. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. hhaasshhaahheeaadd Same as --hh. iiggnnoorreeeeooff Any EEOOFF will not terminate the interactive shell. kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. nnoocclloobbbbeerr Same as --CC. nnooeexxeecc Same as --nn. nnoogglloobb Same as --ff. nnoottiiffyy Same as --bb. nnoouunnsseett Same as --uu. oonneeccmmdd Same as --tt. pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppttyysshheellll Same as --TT. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. vvii Same as EEDDIITTMMOODDEE==vvii. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If _o_p_t_i_o_n is omitted, the values of the current options are displayed. --PP CCdd and ppwwdd the builtin command use the physical directory structure instead of the logical directory structure following symbolic links. --SS Execute ssaavveettttyy the builtin command auto- matically whenever any command line is processed. The terminal settings will be saved absolutely unless you operate the terminal settings intentionally, so that you should manually adjust the terminal settings saved accidentally. ((UUNNIIXX)) --TT Invoke ffddsshh as the pseudo terminal. You cannot invoke any more pseudo terminals in this mode. It is effective only if you specify it as the startup option or in the initial configuration file. It is effective only if you specify it as the startup option, when the shell is execut- ed as the non-interactive shell. It is just ignored when invoked as ffdd. ((UUNNIIXX)) --tt Exit immediately after executing the current command input. --uu Treat the reference of undefined vari- ables as an error. --vv Display the command inputs whenever they are read. --xx Display the command strings whenever they are executed. ---- Indicate the end of options. No flag is changed. sseettddrrvv _c _d_e_v_i_c_e _h_d _s_c _c_l Specify the device file indicated by _d_e_v_i_c_e for the MS-DOS floppy drive named as _c. At the same time, _h_d, _s_c, _c_l are specified as the number of heads(sides)/sectors/cylinders(tracks) in the format which is treated in the driver of _d_e_v_- _i_c_e. In special case, when you want to treat the 640KB2DD(hd=2/sc=8/cl=80) floppy disk with the driver which can treat only the 820KB2DD(hd=2/sc=9/cl=80) floppy disk, you should specify the value adding 110000 (108) as the value of _s_c. ((UUNNIIXX)) On the PC-UNIX environment which is worked on PC, specifying the string HHDDDD or HHDDDD9988 instead of _h_d, _s_c, _c_l, can register the MS-DOS parti- tion on the hard disk for the PC/AT compatible machine or PC-9800 series. In this case, You should describe the device file as the device name prepared per the physical drive unit rather than the device name prepared per the partition (slice). The MS-DOS partitions included in the drive unit are automatically expanded to the drive name after the drive name _c. When no MS-DOS partition is included in the specified drive unit, this command is ignored. You can confirm what drive name is valid by pprriinnttddrrvv command. But any hard disk is registered as readonly, for security. sseettrroommaann [--cc] [--rr] [--ff _f_i_l_e] [_r_o_m_a_n [_k_a_n_j_i]] Setup the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It means binding _k_a_n_j_i the Japanese string to _r_o_m_a_n the Roman string. The part over 44 characters of _r_o_m_a_n, the string which consists of 1 byte characters only, will be ignored. The part over 22 charac- ters of _k_a_n_j_i, the string which consists of multibyte characters or 1 byte characters, will be ignored. In this case, a multibyte character is counted as 1 character as well as a 1 byte character. ((UUNNIIXX)) If _k_a_n_j_i is omitted, the registered binding of the Roman-Kana translation table for _r_o_m_a_n the Roman string will be deleted. When you speci- fy --cc, the whole Roman-Kana translation table will be cleared to be empty. When you specify --rr, all the registered bindings will be reset to restore the Roman-Kana translation table. When you specify --ff, the file specified by _f_i_l_e will be read as bindings of the Roman- Kana translation table. In this case, a pair of _r_o_m_a_n and _k_a_n_j_i, which is separated by spaces, must be described in each line of _f_i_l_e. You can also use the file which contains the output of pprriinnttrroommaann. sshhiifftt [_n] Rename the positional parameters from $$_n+_1 into ones from $$11 in order. The original positional parameters from $$11 to $$_n are dis- carded. If _n is omitted, it is regard as 11 is specified. tteesstt [_e_x_p_r] [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Evaluate the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. See tteesstt(1) for details. ttiimmeess Display the accumulated user and system time for the processes which has so far been exe- cuted. ttrraapp [_c_o_m] [_n ...] Read and execute the command _c_o_m when ffdd receives the signal _n. If _c_o_m is omitted, the trap for the signal is reset. When you specify _c_o_m as a null, the signal ignored. When you specify _n as 00, the command _c_o_m is executed on exit. If both _c_o_m and _n are omit- ted, all of the registered traps is listed. ttrruuee Only return with a 00 exit status. ttyyppee [_c_o_m ...] Display how each _c_o_m would be treated when it is used as a command name. uulliimmiitt [--SSHH] [--aa | --ccddffllmmnnssttvv] _n Set the resource limits for ffdd and its child processes to the value indicated by _n. You can use the string uunnlliimmiitteedd or the numeric value in _n, uunnlliimmiitteedd means the maximum specifiable value. ((UUNNIIXX)) When you specify --HH, a hard limit is set. When you specify --SS, a soft limit is set. When you don't specify neither of them, both limits are set. If _n is omitted, the current limit is displayed. When you specify --aa, all of the resource limits is displayed. When you specify the following options, the each resource limit is individually set or displayed. If no option is specified, it is regarded as --ff is specified. --cc maximum core file size (in blocks) --dd maximum size of data segment (in KB) --ff maximum file size (in blocks) --ll maximum size of locked in memory (in KB) --mm maximum size of resident set (in KB) --nn maximum number of open file files --ss maximum size of stack segment (in KB) --tt maximum CPU time (in seconds) --vv maximum size of virtual memory (in KB) uummaasskk [_n_n_n] Set the file creation mask to _n_n_n. If _n_n_n is omitted, the current value of the file crea- tion mask is displayed. See uummaasskk(2) for details. uunnaalliiaass _n_a_m_e Cancel the definition of the alias _n_a_m_e. You can use the wildcard in _n_a_m_e, in this case, all of the matched alias definitions is cancel- ed. When you specify "*", all of the alias definitions is invalid. uunnsseett [_N_A_M_E ...] Delete the defined internal variable or func- tion for each _N_A_M_E. But the following variable definition cannot be deleted. PPAATTHH PPSS11 PPSS22 IIFFSS MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK PPPPIIDD uunnsseettddrrvv _c _d_e_v_i_c_e _h_d _s_c _c_l Delete the registered floppy drive. Only the registration with which all of _d_e_v_i_c_e, _h_d, _s_c, _c_l is corresponded is deleted, then you should confirm to delete very well. ((UUNNIIXX)) When it is registered as HHDDDD or HHDDDD9988 in sseettddrrvv, you should describe HHDDDD or HHDDDD9988 instead of _h_d, _s_c, _c_l. wwaaiitt [_p_i_d | _j_o_b] Wait for the process indicated by _p_i_d or for the job indicated by _j_o_b, and return its exit status. If both _p_i_d and _j_o_b are omitted, the current job is waited. ((UUNNIIXX)) yyeessnnoo [_p_r_o_m_p_t] Wait for a input of yy or nn from the terminal, and then return 00 when yy is inputted, return 225555 when nn is inputted. Instead of input of yy or nn, you can select a character from displayed [[YY//NN]] with cursor keys and push [RReettuurrnn] to be regarded as an input of the selected character. An input of [SSppaaccee] or [EEsscc] means the input of nn. When _p_r_o_m_p_t is specified, the string is displayed before [[YY//NN]]. _C_O_M_M_A_N_D [_a_r_g] Execute the internal command _C_O_M_M_A_N_D of ffdd. You can describe each command identifier in _C_O_M_M_A_N_D. Some internal commands can take a parameter argument _a_r_g as the number of times or the destination directory. ~~ and $$ in the previous registration string are expanded. But these expansions are restrained in the string quoted with '' instead of "". TTrreeee SSccrreeeenn Since representing the whole file system in tree structure takes too many time, only the directories which are direct ancestors and the direct sub directories are displayed, first in the tree screen. In the directories which are direct ancestors, the other sub directories (if exists) are grouped as "......". These grouped sub directories will be expanded automatically when a cursor is placed on its posi- tion. The sub directories which are not expanded yet are represented with '>>' trailing the filename, which shows as they are. Such directory is never expanded until it is required to expand explicitly, then you should expand it by the following key inputs before moving to any hidden sub directory. In the tree screen, the following key inputs are available. UUpp, DDoowwnn Move a cursor. RRiigghhtt Expand the sub directory on the cursor posi- tion. TTaabb Expand the sub directory on the cursor posi- tion recursively. PPaaggeeUUpp, PPaaggeeDDoowwnn Move a cursor by half screen. HHoommee(<), EEnndd(>) Move a cursor to the top/bottom of tree. ?? Move a cursor to the current directory. BBss Move a cursor to the parent directory. LLeefftt Group sub directories of the directory on the cursor position, or move a cursor to the parent directory. ((, )) Move a cursor to the previous/next directory among the same level sub directories. AA - ZZ Move a cursor to the directory whose name starts with the character or its lowercase. ll Change the directory tree into the specified directory. Moving to the floppy drive is also available. ^^LL Redraw the tree structure. RReettuurrnn Select the directory. EEsscc Cancel. When directories are recursively expanded, the machine operation is so late that it maybe seems to freeze. In this case, you can input any key while operating. If key input is recognized while expanding directories, expanding has been stopped at that moment in spite of not finishing. Even if key repeat keeps effective, any operation will be delayed for this function. AArrcchhiivvee BBrroowwsseerr When the launcher is invoked on the position of the file whose extension is registered to associate with an archive browser, the archive browser screen has come. In this screen, you can browse files in the archive file as well as in the normal directory. But you cannot use the following internal commands in this screen. LLOOGG_TTOOPP AATTTTRR_FFIILLEE CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE MMOOVVEE_FFIILLEE DDEELLEETTEE_FFIILLEE DDEELLEETTEE_DDIIRR RREENNAAMMEE_FFIILLEE MMAAKKEE_DDIIRR WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR TTRREEEE_DDIIRR EEDDIITT_FFIILLEE LLOOGG_TTRREEEE CCOOPPYY_TTRREEEE MMOOVVEE_TTRREEEE FFIINNDD_DDIIRR AATTTTRR_DDIIRR SSYYMMLLIINNKK_MMOODDEE DDOOTTFFIILLEE_MMOODDEE FFIILLEEFFLLGG_MMOODDEE SSPPLLIITT_WWIINNDDOOWW When you want to register a new archive browser, you must describe the format listed by the archiver as the following representation. One format string represents the format for 1 file in the list. %%aa Field which indicates a file mode %%uu Field which indicates UID of a file %%gg Field which indicates GID of a file %%ss Field which indicates a file size %%yy Field which indicates a file creation year %%mm Field which indicates a file creation month (No concerning if numeric or alphabetical) %%dd Field which indicates a file creation day %%tt Field which indicates a file creation time ("HH:MM:SS" form, MM and SS can be lacking) %%ff Field which indicates a filename %%xx Field which is needless (ignored) %%%% % itself \\nn Newline SSppaaccee TTaabb 0 or more characters of spaces or tabs In this description, the field means the area separated by spaces, tabs or newlines. When the string which indicates each information is separated by these characters, you can simply describe the above string which indicates that field. When the string is separated by another character, you should describe the above string with that separator. You can describe to indicate the field length as numeric, such as %_1_0_a. This example means that the field which indicates a file mode consists of 10 characters. If you describe it with a character ** as the field length instead of numeric, such as %*_f, the string to the end of line is regarded as a field, in which any space and tab will be ignored. When a field may have the different meanings according to situation, you should describe it quoted with {{ }}, such as %{_y_t}. This example means that this field indicates a crea- tion year or a creation time. When the information for 1 file consists of multiple lines, you should place a \\nn on the position of newline in the format string. For example, the following are the format strings for the list of some archivers. While some spaces are used here for easiness to see, these spaces are not always necessary because any space between fields is ignored. `llhhaa ll' "%9a %u/%g %s %x %m %d %{yt} %f" `llhhaa vv' (MS-DOS) "%f\n%s %x %x %y-%m-%d %t" `ttaarr ttvvff' (BSD) "%9a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f" `ttaarr ttvvff' (SVR4) "%a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f" If you register archive browsers with above format, in the builtin command of EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH or in the initial configura- tion file, you can use the archive browser which is not prepared by default. But, if you want to execute or view files in the archive file, you must register the archiver command for the archive file, too, don't forget this. On some OS, ttaarr(1) may output the Japanese timestamp when _j_a_p_a_n_e_s_e is substituted for LLAANNGG the environment variable. Since ffdd cannot analyze the representation like this, you should describe `_e_x_p_o_r_t _L_A_N_G=_C' in the initial configuration file, or specify LLAANNGG in the description of listing command, such as `_L_A_N_G=_C _t_a_r _t_v_f'. FFllooppppyy DDrriivvee ((UUNNIIXX)) You can access the MS-DOS formatted floppy disk, by representing to prefix "_c::" to the directory name. But, it is necessary to register the floppy drive and set DDOOSSDDRRIIVVEE the internal variable which makes this function effective, in advance. Each registered drive is distinguished with the drive name. You should tag the physically different drive as the dif- ferent drive name. When the same physical drive supports multiple formats, you can register each format with the same drive name, or the different drive name each other. If you tag the same drive name, the justice of the format is tried in registered order, so that you should register the format which you often use in the first place. Each drive of the floppy drive has the its own current directory. The default value of this is a root directory, and the current directory is moved back to a root directory again whenever you change a floppy disk. When you describe the directory name as starting with '/' after '::', it means the absolute path representation of that drive. If this '/' is not exist, it means the relative path representation from the current directory of that drive, don't forget this. Regrettably, some internal commands like as WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR, IINNFFOO_FFIILLEESSYYSS cannot support the floppy drive. Some filenames are renamed when they are copied from UNIX for reason of the filename length limit. When you use a lowercase letter as the drive name, you can access it as the floppy drive which can treat the Long File Name (LFN) for MS-Windows formatted floppy disk. In this case, you can copy a file with a long filename on UNIX as it is. But, when the UNICODE translation table ffdd--uunniiccdd..ttbbll does not exist in the same directory as the invoked ffdd ex- ists, any Kanji filename cannot be treated as LFN representa- tion. Reversely, when you use a uppercase letter as the drive name, LFN is ignored and 8+3 formed filename is treat- ed. MS-DOS version inherits this specification by the case of a drive name. SSttrriinngg IInnppuutt When you input the string, such as the pathname, the follow- ing key inputs are available. The kind of referred history differs with the input string required. In the split window mode, the current directory of another window is always placed on the top of the pathname history. LLeefftt, RRiigghhtt Move a cursor. UUpp, DDoowwnn Refer the previous histories (only commands and pathnames), or move a cursor. BBeegg Move a cursor to the beginning of string. EEooll Move a cursor to the end of string. IInnss Switch a input method to the insert/overwrite mode. (Default value is the insert mode.) DDeell Delete a character on the cursor position. BBss Delete a character before the cursor position. DDeellLLiinnee Delete a string after the cursor position. IInnssLLiinnee Treat the next input character as it is, effective to input control characters. EEnntteerr Insert a filename of the file on the cursor posi- tion. PPaaggeeUUpp Convert a character on the cursor position to uppercase. PPaaggeeDDoowwnn Convert a character on the cursor position to lowercase. TTaabb Complete a pathname, a command name or a variable name on the cursor position. When there are two or more completion choices, inputting this continuously can display the com- pletion choice list. Except for command line in the internal shell, you can make a choice from this list with cursor keys and [RReettuurrnn]. ^^LL Redraw the input string. ^^SS, ^^RR Search the previous histories (only commands and pathnames) incrementally. RReettuurrnn Decide the input, or decide the choice in the com- pletion choice list. EEsscc Cancel. The inputted string is expanded before evaluation as follow- ing. These expansions are also valid in the string of com- mand macros. But these expansions are restrained in the string quoted with the quotation mark ''. ~~ Indicate your home directory, when it is the begin- ning of filename. ~~_u_s_e_r Indicate _u_s_e_r's home directory, when it is the beginning of filename. ((UUNNIIXX)) ~~FFDD Indicate the directory where the invoked ffdd is exists, when it is the beginning of filename. $$_N_A_M_E $${{_N_A_M_E}} Indicate the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable. When both are defined, the internal variable is prior. When both are unde- fined, it is replaced a null. The brace {{ }} separates _N_A_M_E from its trailing characters. When _N_A_M_E is the following character, it is replaced by the value substituted automatically by the shell. 00 The executable filename when invoked. [11-99] The positional parameter. ** The all positional parameters which starts from $$11. ""$$**"" is replaced by ""$$11 $$22 ..."". @@ The all positional parameters which starts from $$11. ""$$@@"" is replaced by ""$$11"" ""$$22"" ... . ## The number of positional parameters. -- The option flags which is set by options when invoked or sseett the builtin command. ?? The exit status of the last executed command. $$ The process number of the current shell. !! The process number of the last executed back- ground process. $${{_N_A_M_E::--_w_o_r_d}} If the value except a null is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise it is replaced by _w_o_r_d. $${{_N_A_M_E::==_w_o_r_d}} If the value except a null is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise _w_o_r_d is sub- stituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable, and this expression itself is replaced by _w_o_r_d. But you can- not substitute the value for any positional parame- ter. $${{_N_A_M_E::??_w_o_r_d}} If the value except a null is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise display _w_o_r_d and exit from the shell. If _w_o_r_d is omitted, the string ``ppaarraammeetteerr nnuullll oorr nnoott sseett'' is displayed in its place. $${{_N_A_M_E::++_w_o_r_d}} If the value except a null is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by _w_o_r_d, otherwise it is replaced by a null. $${{_N_A_M_E--_w_o_r_d}} If any value is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise it is replaced by _w_o_r_d. $${{_N_A_M_E==_w_o_r_d}} If any value is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise _w_o_r_d is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable, and this expression itself is replaces by _w_o_r_d. But you cannot substitute the value for any positional parameter. $${{_N_A_M_E??_w_o_r_d}} If any value is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise display _w_o_r_d and exit from the shell. If _w_o_r_d is omitted, the string ``ppaarraammee-- tteerr nnuullll oorr nnoott sseett'' is displayed in its place. $${{_N_A_M_E++_w_o_r_d}} If any value is substituted for _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by _w_o_r_d, otherwise it is replaced by a null. $${{##_N_A_M_E}} It is replaced by the length in characters of the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environ- ment variable. If _N_A_M_E is ** or @@, it is replaced by the number of positional parameters instead of the length of characters. $${{_N_A_M_E%%_w_o_r_d}} It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the suffix matched by the _w_o_r_d pattern is deleted from the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable. If _N_A_M_E is ** or @@, each positional parameter is replaced. ( \\ is used instead of %% on MS-DOS version.) $${{_N_A_M_E%%%%_w_o_r_d}} It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the suffix matched by the _w_o_r_d pattern is deleted from the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable. If _N_A_M_E is ** or @@, each positional parameter is replaced. ( \\\\ is used instead of %%%% on MS-DOS version.) $${{_N_A_M_E##_w_o_r_d}} It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the prefix matched by the _w_o_r_d pattern is deleted from the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable. If _N_A_M_E is ** or @@, each positional parameter is replaced. $${{_N_A_M_E####_w_o_r_d}} It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the prefix matched by the _w_o_r_d pattern is deleted from the value of _N_A_M_E the internal variable or the environment variable. If _N_A_M_E is ** or @@, each positional parameter is replaced. \\_c It indicates a character _c itself. You can use it when you want to use the preceding meta-character as a character with no evaluation, such as ~~ or $$. You can describe \\ itself as "\\\\". But, on MS-DOS ver- sion, because \\ which is used as the pathname delim- iter must be treat as well as the normal character, %%_c is expediently used in place of \\. The following is replaced only in the shell which is exe- cuted by EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH and EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE. ``_l_i_s_t`` _L_i_s_t is executed and this string is replaced by its standard output. $$((_l_i_s_t)) _L_i_s_t is executed and this string is replaced by its standard output like as ``_l_i_s_t``. This differs from ``_l_i_s_t`` in the point that nested expressions are allowed. And any meta-characters such as quotes in _l_i_s_t are evaluated as it is. $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) _E_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n the arithmetic expression is evaluated and this string is replaced by its result value. You can specify numeric values, variables and integral calculations with the following operators in _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n. (unary) (binary) arithmetic ++ -- ++ -- ** // %% boolean !! ==== !!== << >> <<== >>== &&&& |||| bit operator ~~ && || ^^ <<<< >>>> parenthesis (( )) ?? ** [[ ]] The string including these letters is pattern- matched with existent files. When it is matched, it is replaced by all of the matched filenames which are sorted in alphabetical order. ?? Match any single character except //. ** Match any 0 or more length string not including //. **** Match any 0 or more length string including //. [[...]] Match any one of the characters enclosed by [[ ]]. When enclosed characters include --, it matches any character whose character code is between characters before/after --. [[!!...]] Match any one of the characters not enclosed by [[ ]]. But, when the first character of the filename is .., ??, ** and **** don't match it. EEddiitt MMooddee When you want to use some functions bound to special keys, such as a cursor key or a scroll key, such a key doesn't exist in some terminals. In such a case, substituting the string for EEDDIITTMMOODDEE the internal variable can make you use some control keys as alternative to these special keys. Since this alternative key function is prior to the key binding by the builtin command, the key binding is invalid for the control characters used as the alternative keys. The prepared edit modes are the following 3 modes. eemmaaccss ^^PP = UUpp ^^AA = BBeegg ^^NN = DDoowwnn ^^EE = EEooll ^^DD = DDeell ^^FF = RRiigghhtt ^^QQ = IInnssLLiinnee ^^BB = LLeefftt ^^KK = DDeellLLiinnee ^^VV = PPaaggeeDDnn ^^YY = PPaaggeeUUpp ^^OO = EEnntteerr ^^MM = RReettuurrnn ^^II = TTaabb ^^HH = BBss ^^[[ = EEsscc ^^GG = EEsscc wwoorrddssttaarr ^^EE = UUpp ^^AA = BBeegg ^^VV = IInnss ^^NN = DDoowwnn ^^FF = EEooll ^^GG = DDeell ^^FF = RRiigghhtt ^^WW = HHoommee ^^]] = IInnssLLiinnee ^^SS = LLeefftt ^^ZZ = EEnndd ^^YY = DDeellLLiinnee ^^CC = PPaaggeeDDnn ^^RR = PPaaggeeUUpp ^^NN = EEnntteerr ^^MM = RReettuurrnn ^^II = TTaabb ^^HH = BBss ^^[[ = EEsscc vvii VVii mode has the 2 local modes: "insert mode" and "command mode", and the function of keys are quite different with each mode. You are in the command mode when you start to input, then you must input any key among 4 keys which switch to the insert mode, in order to input normal keys. (command mode) kk = UUpp 00 = BBeegg jj = DDoowwnn $$ = EEooll xx = DDeell ll = RRiigghhtt gg = HHoommee hh = LLeefftt GG = EEnndd DD = DDeellLLiinnee ^^FF = PPaaggeeDDnn ^^BB = PPaaggeeUUpp oo = EEnntteerr ^^MM = RReettuurrnn ^^II = TTaabb ^^HH = BBss ^^[[ = EEsscc (from command mode to insert mode) ii, :: = only switch its mode II = + BBeegg aa = + RRiigghhtt AA = + EEooll RR = overwrite rr = overwrite once (insert mode) ^^VV = IInnssLLiinnee EEsscc = to command mode This key binding is so particular that it is not suitable for those who don't use vvii editor everyday. KKaannaa--KKaannjjii IIMMEE ((UUNNIIXX)) You can input strings in the Kana-Kanji IME mode, if you in- put the key specified by IIMMEEKKEEYY or select "Kanji" from the pseudo terminal menu. The translation performance will depend on the Kana-Kanji translation dictionary ffdd-iddiicctt..ttbbll. When it does not exist in the same directory as the invoked ffdd exists, translation to Kanji will not be available. The standard installed dic- tionary file is the Tan-Kanji dictionary, which can support only the Tan-Kanji translation. The dictionaly such as the pubdic, which includes the Hinsi information, will bring you the Tan-Bunsetsu translation. The Ren-Bunsetsu translation is not be supported. In the Kana-Kanji IME mode, the following key inputs are available. SSppaaccee Trancelate to Kanji, or select the next trans- lation candidate. LLeefftt, RRiigghhtt UUpp, DDoowwnn Move a cursor in the list of the translation candidate. BBss, DDeell Delete a character before the cursor position. TTaabb Toggle Hiragana, Katakana, Hankaku-Kana and the direct input. ^^LL Redraw the input string. RReettuurrnn Decide the translation result. EEsscc Cancel. When you translate the string of the capital 4 digit hexa- decimal prefixed by a capital letter, it is regarded as the hexadecimal showing the following Kanji code respectively. Then the menu will be displayed to select Kanji next to the Kanji code number. SS Shift JIS EE EUC-JP JJ JIS code (JIS X0208) KK Kuten code UU UNICODE (UCS2) When you input [SSppaaccee] in the state where you decide an un- translated Kana, it is regarded as the initial reading of Kanji. Then the menu will be desplayed to select Kanji whose reading starts with the Kana. PPaarraammeetteerr MMaaccrrooss You can use the following parameter macros in the string which is used for the registration of command macros and for executing command. But, you cannot use them in the func- tions, the input file for ssoouurrccee command, and the initial configuration file, then you should use eevvaallmmaaccrroo command when you want to use any parameter macro in them. %%CC The filename on the cursor position. Or, it indi- cates the archive filename, in the macro to register the archiver command. %%XX The filename except its extension on the cursor position. Or, it indicates the archive filename except its extension, in the macro to register the archiver command. Only the last one extension is removed. TT, TTAA, MM trailing %%XX are replaced by %%TT, %%TTAA, %%MM except its extension respectively. On MS- DOS version, you can describe a trailing SS as well as them. %%PP The pathname of the current directory. %%KK Prompt and return to ffdd after a command is finished. But, the meaning of %%KK is reverse in EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE and EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH; it prompts by default and doesn't prompt if %%KK is specified. You can never specify to prompt in macros to register the archive browser of the launcher and macros to register the archiver command. %%TT List marked files separated by spaces as possible. When files are so many that the command line exceeds 11002233 characters, the rest of marked files are ignored. %%TTAA List marked files as well as %%TT, and repeat the same command for spilt files to complete all marked files. %%MM Execute the same command as many times as marked files, sending the marked file one by one. It is useful to mark files by MMAARRKK_FFIINNDD and execute "mv %M %XM.bak" by EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. %%NN Restrain the filename addition even if the parameter is omitted. %%RR Make you input the additional parameter in executing a macro, if the length of command string has enough margin. The cursor position in input is placed on the position of %%RR in a macro. But, %%RR is ignored in macros to register the archive browser of the launcher, macros to register the archiver command, and EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE, EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. %%SS The 8+3 formed filename with which the LFN formed filename on the cursor position is replaced. You can use it when you use external commands which can treat only 8+3 formed arguments. TT, TTAA, MM trailing %%SS can be described as well as %%XX. ((DDOOSS)) %%JJSS The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into Shift JIS. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJEE The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into EUC-JP. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJ77 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 7bit JIS. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJ88 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 8bit JIS. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJJJ The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into ISO-2022-JP. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJHH The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into HEX. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJCC The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into CAP. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJUU The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJMM The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8 for Mac OS X. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJII The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into UTF-8 for iconv, which is used on environments using iconv-based UTF-8 such as Linux. ((UUNNIIXX)) %%JJAA The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into the Kanji code which is used in the pathname indicated by the string. The variables SSJJIISSPPAATTHH, EEUUCCPPAATTHH, etc. can specify what kanji code is used in each pathname. ((UUNNIIXX)) When no filename parameter, such as %%CC and %%TT, is taken with the result to expand parameter macros in a command macro, the filename on the cursor position is automatically added to the last of expanded string, as ./_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e form. This addition is not done, in case of the input string for exe- cuting command, or when %%NN macro is specified. CCuussttoommiizzee You can customize as the following ways. If you specify some configuration in multiple ways overlapped, it is prior in this order. EExxeeccuuttiinngg bbuuiillttiinn ccoommmmaannddss wwiitthh EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH You can execute builtin commands for each registration for the internal variable defini- tion, the environment variable definition, the alias definition, the function definition, the key binding, the keymap changing, the launcher registration, the archiver command registra- tion, and the floppy drive registration. CCuussttoommiizzeerr EEDDIITT_CCOONNFFIIGG command is available for the inter- nal variable definition, the key binding, the keymap changing, the launcher registration, the archiver command registration, and the floppy drive registration. CCoommmmaanndd lliinnee ooppttiioonnss You can specify the command line options as `--_N_A_M_E==_v_a_l_u_e' form, to define the internal variables. ..ffdd22rrcc You can prepare the initial configuration file ..ffdd22rrcc on your home directory, to execute the command which is written in this file, before the startup of ffdd. You can describe builtin commands and external commands in it to set up each configuration. Yet, when ffddsshh is invoked as a login shell, ..ffddsshhrrcc is read instead of ..ffdd22rrcc. The initial configuration file //eettcc//ffdd22rrcc which is prepared by a system administrator is read preceding ..ffdd22rrcc and ..ffddsshhrrcc. If this file exists, the initial configurations prepared by a system administrator are valid unless you intentionally delete them in ..ffdd22rrcc and ..ffddsshhrrcc. (On MS-DOS version, these filenames are $$HHOOMMEE\\ffdd22..rrcc, $$HHOOMMEE\\ffddsshh..rrcc and ~~FFDD\\ffdd22rrcc.) EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabblleess Any valid variable name as the internal vari- able can be valid to be defined as the environ- ment variable in advance. But the internal variable is always prior to the environment variable in ffdd. When the same named environ- ment variable is used in another application, you can also use the name which FFDD_ is prefixed to each environment variable for ffdd only. This environment variable with FFDD_ is always prior to the environment variable without it, then the definition of the environment variable with FFDD_ is prior to the definition of the internal variable without FFDD_. CCuussttoommiizzeerr EEDDIITT_CCOONNFFIIGG command invokes the customizer to set up confi- gurations interactively. You can select the category with the right/left cursor key, and select the item with the up/down cursor key, and change its content with [RReettuurrnn]. When you finish to change, exit from the customizer with [EEsscc]. The following categories are prepared. VVaarriiaabblleess Change the value of internal variables. The input method is different with the variable, then you should input following the guidance on screen. KKeeyy bbiinndd Change the command bound to each key. When you newly bind a command to the key with no bind- ing, you should select "NewEntry". If you select "Delete bind", the existent key binding is deleted. KKeeyy mmaapp Change the key code mapping for each special key. If you push [EEsscc] when you are prompted to push the key, the existent key mapping is deleted. ((UUNNIIXX)) LLaauunncchheerr Change the launcher registration for each extension. When you newly register a launcher for the extension with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line when you input a command for the launcher, the existent launcher registration is deleted. AArrcchhiivveerr Change the archiver command registration for each extension. When you newly register a archiver command for the extension with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line both when you input a command for pack/unpack, the existent archiver command registration is deleted. DDOOSS ddrriivvee Change the floppy drive registration. When you newly register a floppy drive for the drive name with no registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line when you input a device name, the existent floppy drive registration is deleted. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSaavvee Save the configurations changed with the cus- tomizer into a file, or cancel configurations to restore to the previous state. Cancel Cancel the changed configurations within the specified categories, and restore to the state before the cus- tomizer is invoked. Clear Cancel all the configurations within the specified categories, and restore to the default state. Load Load configurations from the speci- fied file. Save Save all the configurations within the specified categories to the specified file. Overwrite Overwrite all the configurations within the specified categories to the specified existent file. The original configurations which has existed in the file are parsed, and the configuration for the same target is overwritten at the same place as possible. The configurations which are not set up at present and the configurations which are not sup- ported by the customizer are remains as it is. When you specify the range of categories, all categories are selected by default, then you should turn on/off each selection with [SSppaaccee] and decide with [RReettuurrnn]. If you try to exit from the customizer without saving after changing any configuration, you will be confirmed whether if it is right to exit without saving. While the changed con- figurations themselves are valid even if you exit without saving, when you want them to be valid in the next invoked ffdd, you must save them into the initial configuration file. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS The following environment variables are valid in ffdd. These environment variables can be valid if they are defined as the internal variables. You can specify them as the command line options in `--_N_A_M_E==_v_a_l_u_e' form. But the variables followed by * cannot be use with the prefix FFDD_ as the environment variables. AADDJJTTTTYY Reset the terminal mode forcedly to the normal state, when ffdd is finished. Invoking ffdd can adjust the terminal rightly from the state displaying broken characters. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) AANNSSIICCOOLLOORR Colorize the file display. When the terminal which you use supports the color control escape sequence of ANSI standard, each file is displayed with color according to its file type. If the value is 11, it is colorized. If the value is 22, the background color is forced to be black, for the case that the foreground color is the same as the background color and indistinguishable. If the value is 33, the foreground color is forced to be black. AANNSSIIPPAALLEETTTTEE Specify color palette according to file type when the file display is colorized. This variable value consists of a numeric value whose maximum columns are 1111 columns. The number of each column shows a color number, which specifies the color of file type corresponding with its column. The following are correspondence of the column number to the file type. 11 normal file 22 background 33 directory 44 unwritable file 55 unreadable file 66 symbolic link 77 socket (or system file on MS-DOS) 88 FIFO (or label on MS-DOS) 99 block device 1100 character device 1111 executable file The following are the meaning of color number specified on each column. 00 black 11 red 22 green 33 yellow 44 blue 55 magenta 66 cyan 77 white 88 default color for foreground 99 default color for background The color number 88 is forced to be black, if the value of AANNSSIICCOOLLOORR the variable is 33. The color number 99 is forced to be black, if the value of AANNSSIICCOOLLOORR the variable is 22. When the columns are less than 1111 or this variable is not set, the standard color palette will be applied for the file type corresponding with the following columns. The standard color palette is described with the above color number as 8899662244335511888888. BBAASSIICCCCUUSSTTOOMM Limit the internal variables for configuration only to basic variables in the customizer, to hide advanced variables. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. CCDDPPAATTHH* Specify the search path when an argument of ccdd the builtin command does not start with //. You can specify multiple paths separating with '::'. No search path is specified by default. CCOOLLUUMMNNSS* The variable for the columns of a terminal screen. If some value is set, this value will be replaced automatically according to chang- ing the screen size. If no value is set, this value will remain unset. CCOOMMSSPPEECC Specify the shell used to invoke a batch file. If undefined, the shell defined by SSHHEELLLL the internal variable or \COMMAND.COM is used. ((DDOOSS)) CCOOPPYYCCMMDD* Specify the default options used by ccooppyy the builtin command. DDEEFFCCOOLLUUMMNNSS Specify the columns displayed in the screen when ffdd is invoked. The default value is 22. If you specify the value except 11, 22, 33 and 55, it is ignored. DDEEFFKKCCOODDEE Specify the system default Kanji code. The arguments passed to external commands invoked from ffdd will be converted into the specified Kanji code. When you use macros such as %%CC and %%JJJJ, it will be converted into the Kanji code according to each macro. JJIISS88, JJUUNNEETT, HHEEXX, CCAAPP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP JJIISS, jjiiss 7bit JIS JJIISS88, jjiiss88 8bit JIS JJUUNNEETT, jjuunneett ISO-2022-JP OOJJIISS, oojjiiss 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJIISS88, oojjiiss88 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJUUNNEETT, oojjuunneett ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) HHEEXX, hheexx HEX CCAAPP, ccaapp CAP UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv default no convert DDIIRRCCOOUUNNTTLLIIMMIITT Specify the maximum number of files read from the directory in the tree screen. When the directory trailed by '>>' has no sub directory, the expanded result is not changed. If the number of files (including directories) in the directory is within this value, the directory with no sub directory is not trailed '>>' from the first. Moreover, the file list in the directory displayed on the right of screen is not displayed over this value. If this value is 00, you can realize a comfortable operation speed even in the slow machine. The default value is 5500 files. DDIIRRCCMMDD* Specify the default options used by ddiirr the builtin command. DDIIRRHHIISSTT Specify the maximum number of the directory histories which can be referred by the direc- tory input line. The default value is 5500. If this value is 00, you can refer to no directory history. DDIIRRHHIISSTTFFIILLEE Specify the name of the directory history file which can be referred by the directory input line. Unless you specify it, the directory history is not loaded nor saved. The default value is not specified. DDIISSPPLLAAYYMMOODDEE Specify the filename display mode of the file list when ffdd is invoked. Each of the symbolic link mode, the file type symbol mode and the dot file display mode can be selected indivi- dually. The default value is 00. The follow- ing are specifiable values. 00 standard 11 SYMLINK 22 FILETYPE 33 SYMLINK & FILETYPE 44 DOTFILE 55 SYMLINK & DOTFILE 66 FILETYPE & DOTFILE 77 SYMLINK & FILETYPE & DOTFILE Moreover, on the OS which supports the file flag, if you specify the value adding 88 to each value, you can select the file flag display mode. DDOOSSDDRRIIVVEE Validate the access function to the MS-DOS floppy. If no floppy drive is registered, this validation cannot make you access the floppy. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. On MS-DOS version, This definition can make you treat the LFN formed filename in the old DOS before Ver. 6.xx. In this case, you don't have to register any floppy drive. the access speed may be slow or some functions may be restricted for the reason to operate the disk I/O not by way of OS. DDUUMMBBSSHHEELLLL Don't use any control sequences to edit com- mand line in the internal shell. In the internal shell, the cursor addressing of ter- minal mode is not valid. In case of some ter- minal such as a console terminal, the cursor addressing cannot work correctly in this ter- minal mode, and the editing string is displayed incorrectly. When this variable is valid, while no control sequence is used to edit command line, an inefficient cursor addressing will cause restriction of some functions and failure of response. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. EEDDIITTMMOODDEE Specify the edit mode of key input as the string. The default value is eemmaaccss. The value except eemmaaccss, wwoorrddssttaarr and vvii or null are specified, any control character is not converted and will be sent as it is. EEDDIITTOORR Specify the editor command used for editing files. EENNVV* Specify the additional initial configuration file when invoked as ffddsshh. You must specify its filename as fullpath. When this variable is set, the initial configuration file is read after //eettcc//ffdd22rrcc, and before ..ffdd22rrcc or ..ffddsshhrrcc. This value will be ignored if your real and effective UIDs or real and effective GIDs are different. FFCCEEDDIITT Specify the editor command used for ffcc the builtin command. FFNNAAMMEEKKCCOODDEE Specify the Kanji code for filename. Any filename is converted into the specified Kanji code at the point of accessing the file, then you can refer to the file which has a Kanji filename from another machine on network which use a different Kanji code. The archive browser and bbrroowwssee the builtin command also refer the specified Kanji code. JJIISS88, JJUUNNEETT, HHEEXX, CCAAPP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP JJIISS, jjiiss 7bit JIS JJIISS88, jjiiss88 8bit JIS JJUUNNEETT, jjuunneett ISO-2022-JP OOJJIISS, oojjiiss 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJIISS88, oojjiiss88 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJUUNNEETT, oojjuunneett ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) HHEEXX, hheexx HEX CCAAPP, ccaapp CAP UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv default no convert FFUUNNCCLLAAYYOOUUTT Specify the layout of the function line, as the form of _n * 100 + _s_i_z_e. _N means the num- ber of function keys to be displayed in the function line. _S_i_z_e means the block size of function keys to be displayed. The default value is 11000055. (It means 10 function keys will be displayed, 5 of which are grouped.) HHIISSTTFFIILLEE Specify the name of the command history file which can be referred by EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE and EEXXEE-- CCUUTTEE_SSHH. Unless you specify it, the directory history is not loaded nor saved. The default value is ~~//..ffdd_hhiissttoorryy. (On MS-DOS version, The default value is $$HHOOMMEE\\ffdd..hhsstt.) HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE Specify the maximum number of the command his- tories which can be referred by EEXXEECCUUTTEE_FFIILLEE and EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. The default value is 5500. If this value is 00, you can refer to no command history. HHOOMMEE* Specify the default value when no argument of ccdd the builtin command is specified. When invoked as a login shell, if this variable is specified that directory becomes the current directory, otherwise your home directory is automatically defined as this value. IIFFSS* Specify the internal field separators. They are used in EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH to separate command and arguments. Space, tab and newline are speci- fied by default. IIGGNNOORREECCAASSEE Ignore uppercase/lowercase when filenames are compared. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) IIMMEEKKEEYY Specify the key to toggle the direct input mode and the Kana-Kanji IME mode when you in- put some strings. You can describe the same key name as bbiinndd command. The default value is not specified. ((UUNNIIXX)) IIMMEEBBUUFFFFEERR Hold the Kana-Kanji translation table on mem- ory. It will be fast to translate strings from Kana to Kanji. You should set this if you have enough memory. The table held on mem- ory is only the Hinsi information table, then you will have no effect when you use the dic- tionary file with no Hinsi information. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) IINNHHEERRIITTCCOOPPYY Inherit the destination timestamp from the source timestamp when CCOOPPYY_FFIILLEE command is executed. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) (On MS-DOS version, the destination timestamp is always inherited, if this variable is effective or not.) IINNPPUUTTKKCCOODDEE Specify the Kanji code for input from key- board. When the value except the following is specified, the Kanji code specified in compile is valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE Specify the language for display character. It means not only each messages displayed by ffdd, but also a Kanji code of filename to be converted. The following is the kind of languages, it doesn't have to be the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the value of LLAANNGG the environment variable also can be used. JJIISS88, JJUUNNEETT, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba. SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP JJIISS, jjiiss 7bit JIS JJIISS88, jjiiss88 8bit JIS JJUUNNEETT, jjuunneett ISO-2022-JP OOJJIISS, oojjiiss 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJIISS88, oojjiiss88 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) OOJJUUNNEETT, oojjuunneett ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman) UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv eenn, CC, PPOOSSIIXX English (message only) default no convert (On MS-DOS version, only the English is valid.) LLIINNEENNOO* Indicate the current line number. When not in a script nor function, this value cannot be guaranteed to make sense. If you uunnsseett or reset this value, this variable will lose its special meaning to be treated as a general variable. LLIINNEESS* The variable for the lines of a terminal screen. If some value is set, this value will be replaced automatically according to chang- ing the screen size. If no value is set, this value will remain unset. LLOOGGFFIILLEE Specify the log filename with the level spaci- fied by LLOOGGLLEEVVEELL or RROOOOTTLLOOGGLLEEVVEELL. If it is not specified as fullpath, it will be regarded as the path under your home directory. You must prepare the directory in which the log file is stored, because any directories are not created automatically. The default value is not specified. LLOOGGLLEEVVEELL Specify the priority for the log contents. The default value is 00. 00 no log 11 only warning such as writing 22 notice such as changing, and over 33 info. such as refering, and over >= 44 debug level, and over The same operation can result as an error to output the log in the lower priority by 1 lev- el. LLOOGGSSIIZZEE Specify the maximum kilobyte size for the log file specified by LLOOGGFFIILLEE. If the size ex- ceeds this value, the last log file will be re- named as the file name followed by the exten- sion ..oolldd to create another new log file. The default value is 11002244(1MB). If this value is 00, the log file will not be renamed. LLOOOOPPCCUURRSSOORR Loop a cursor moving within the same page, when you move a cursor. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. MMAAIILL* Specify the spool filename when the internal shell will check new mails. If MMAAIILLPPAATTHH is set, it is prior to this. ((UUNNIIXX)) MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK* Specify the interval of checking new mails in seconds, for the spool files specified by MMAAIILLPPAATTHH or MMAAIILL. The default value is 660000 seconds. If this value is 00, it will be checked before each prompt. ((UUNNIIXX)) MMAAIILLPPAATTHH* Specify the multiple spool filenames, as the list separated by ::, when the internal shell will check new mails. The any specified files will be checked. Each filenames can be fol- lowed by %% and a arrival message of new mails. The default message is yyoouu hhaavvee mmaaiill. ((UUNNIIXX)) MMEESSSSAAGGEELLAANNGG Specify the language for display character. The language of messages specified by this will be prior to the one specified by LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE. When the message is Japanese, the Kanji code will be defined by the value of LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE. The following is the kind of languages, it doesn't have to be the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the value of LLAANNGG the envi- ronment variable also can be used. eenn, CC, PPOOSSIIXX English default no convert MMIINNFFIILLEENNAAMMEE Specify the minimum character length of filename display area in the file list. When the area enough to be specified here cannot be obtained, the informations are reduced in the order of UID, GID, timestamp, size. The default value is 1122 characters. OOPPTTAARRGG* An option argument is substituted in ggeettooppttss the builtin command. OOPPTTIINNDD* Specify the index of the next parameter in ggeettooppttss the builtin command. PPAAGGEERR Specify the pager command used for viewing files. PPAATTHH* Specify the search path for executing external commands. You can specify multiple paths separating with '::'. PPPPIIDD* Indicate the process ID of the parent proccess for ffdd which is invoked first. ((UUNNIIXX)) PPRREECCEEDDEEPPAATTHH Specify the file preceding function, which displays only filenames before obtaining their file informations, for the directory which has a lot of files like as /dev. You can specify multiple pathnames separating with '::'. You are enough to specify only the top directory where you want to realize the file preceding function, then the file preceding function is valid in all of the directories under that directory. When the file preceding function is effective, any files are not sorted in that directory, and file informations are obtained file by file while waiting the key input. No pathname is specified by default. PPRREECCOOPPYYMMEENNUU Display the menu in advance, which ask you what do you want with the same named files and the restricted files, when you copy, move, or delete multiple files. In case of too many target files, it avoids the occurrence of que- ry after waiting for a moment. Any value ex- cept 00 and null effects valid. PPRROOGGRREESSSSBBAARR Display the progress bar, which indicates the progress, when you copy, move, or delete files. It needs the time to calculate the progress, to make the processing time a little longer than no progress bar. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. PPSS11 Specify the prompt string of input line in EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. The default value is "$$ ". The following escape sequences are available. \\uu username ((UUNNIIXX)) \\hh hostname ((UUNNIIXX)) \\HH hostname (including domain name) ((UUNNIIXX)) \\ww fullpath of current directory \\~~ fullpath of current directory (to simplify home directory with ~~) \\WW current directory name \\!! command history number \\$$ if UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ ((UUNNIIXX)) \\[[ beginning of non-printing sequence (terminal control character etc.) \\]] ending of non-printing sequence \\ee ESC (\033) \\_o_o_o character indicated by the octal _o_o_o \\\\ \ itself PPSS22 Specify the prompt string when more continuous input is needed in EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. The default value is ">> ". PPSS44* Specify the prompt string with which command strings are displayed when you do sseett --xx. PPTTYYIINNKKCCOODDEE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed to the pseudo terminal. The string, which is converted from the Kanji code specified by IINNPPUUTTKKCCOODDEE to the Kanji code specified by this command, is inputted to any processes running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you should change value of the variable on the pseudo terminal to change the input Kanji code of the pseudo terminal running al- ready. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv default no convert PPTTYYMMEENNUUKKEEYY Specify the key to open the pseudo terminal menu while you are handling the pseudo termi- nal. You can describe the same key name as bbiinndd command. You can select the following items in the pseudo terminal menu: "SendAsIs", "InputCode", "Break", "NextWindow" and "Kanji". Each item means respectively: sending the pseu- do terminal menu key as is, inputting the key name to be sent, terminating forcedly the pro- cess running in the pseudo terminal, changing to the next window, invoking the Kana-Kanji IME. In "InputCode", you can use the key name like as bbiinndd command, and also the Kanji code number used in the Kana-Kanji IME mode. But you cannot select "NextWindow" in the non- split window mode. The default value is not specified. ((UUNNIIXX)) PPTTYYMMOODDEE Use the pseudo terminal to invoke external com- mands. In the split window mode, the independ- ent pseudo terminals for every windows will be opened and enable you to handle simultaneously multiple external commands via terminals. If the terminal in use can not provide some func- tions required for the terminal emulation, the pseudo terminal may not work correctly. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) PPTTYYOOUUTTKKCCOODDEE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed from the pseudo terminal. The string, which is converted from the Kanji code specified by this command to the Kanji code specified by LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE, is displayed from any processes run- ning on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the individual value for each pseudo termi- nal, so that you should change value of the variable on the pseudo terminal to change the output Kanji code of the pseudo terminal run- ning already. ((UUNNIIXX)) SSJJIISS, ssjjiiss Shift JIS EEUUCC, eeuucc EUC-JP UUTTFF88, uuttff88 UTF-8 UUTTFF88--mmaacc, mmaacc UTF-8 for Mac OS X UUTTFF88--iiccoonnvv UTF-8 for iconv default no convert PPTTYYTTEERRMM Specify the value of TTEERRMM the environment vari- able to be passed to external commands, when you use the pseudo terminal. Some tteerrmmccaapp(5) or tteerrmmiinnffoo(5) may cause unexpected behavior of the pseudo terminal, you should specify the effective terminal name in your environment. The default value is vvtt110000. ((UUNNIIXX)) PPWWDD* The variable for the current directory with the absolute representation. If some value is set, this value will be replaced automatically according to changing the current directory. If no value is set, this value will remain un- set. If this is passed as an environment var- iable when invoked, and this value and the cur- rent directory indicate the same directory log- ically, then it is used as the default value for the current directory. It is useful when you want to specify the logical pathname fol- lowing symbolic links. RROOOOTTLLOOGGLLEEVVEELL Specify the priority for the log contents of the super user. The default value is 11. ((UUNNIIXX)) 00 no log 11 only warning such as writing 22 notice such as changing, and over 33 info. such as refering, and over >= 44 debug level, and over The same operation can result as an error to output the log in the lower priority by 1 lev- el. RRRRPPAATTHH Display files under the directory mounted by CD-ROM, with the pseudo ISO 9660 RockRidge Extension, for the OS which cannot support RockRidge Extension. You can specify multiple mount points separating with '::'. You are enough to specify only the top directory mounted by CD-ROM, then the pseudo RockRidge Extension function is valid in all of the directories under that directory. This is no more than a pseudo extension, which only replaces filenames according to TRANS.TBL, and cannot handle some CD-ROM which has an incon- sistent TRANS.TBL. No mount point is speci- fied by default. SSAAVVEEDDIIRRHHIISSTT Specify the maximum number saved to the direc- tory history file. The default value is 5500. If this value is 00, no directory history file is saved. SSAAVVEEHHIISSTT Specify the maximum number saved to the com- mand history file. The default value is 5500. If this value is 00, no command history file is saved. SSEECCOONNDD Display the second in the clock of the title line. But the clock is adjusted correctly every 1100 seconds, and some gap from the real time will be occurred in this span. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. SSHHEELLLL When the filename part of this specified value is rrffdd or rrffddsshh, the shell becomes a res- tricted shell as well as --rr option when invoked. This variable also specify the shell which can be invoked from EEXXEECCUUTTEE_SSHH. SSIIZZEEIINNFFOO Display the file size information line at the top of screen. The total size displayed here is not the sum of bytes but the sum of disk block size occupied actually. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. SSOORRTTTTRREEEE Sort directories in the tree screen. The sorted type specified by SSOORRTT_TTYYPPEE is used, but they can not be sorted when it is "by size" or "by timestamp". The directory included in the current directory path is always placed on the top of directory tree, with no regard to the sorted type. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. SSOORRTTTTYYPPEE The file list in the browser screen is not sorted by default, but placed in order registered in the directory. This variable specify it to be sorted by default. The fol- lowing are specifiable values. 00 not sort 11 by filename 99 by filename(reverse) 22 by extension 1100 by extension(reverse) 33 by size 1111 by size(reverse) 44 by timestamp 1122 by timestamp(reverse) 55 by length 1133 by length(reverse) 110000--111133 keep the last sorted type 220000--221133 keep it also in archive browser If you specify the value of 100-113, it is sorted according to the value indicated by lower 2 digits just after invoked, the last specified sorted type is kept when moving directory. If you specify the value of 200- 213, the last sort type will be kept also after invoking the archive browser. TTEERRMM* Specity the terminal name. When this value is dduummbb, uunnkknnoowwnn or uunn, it is regarded as the dumb terminal to suppress any escape sequences in the internal shell in spite of DDUUMMBBSSHHEELLLL. If this value does not exist in tteerrmmccaapp(5) and tteerrmmiinnffoo(5) entry, it is exe- cutable only when it is invoked as ffddsshh. The terminal name will be variable dynami- cally, then you can re-specify the suitable one as this value after invoked for some strange terminal display and key input. TTHHRRUUAARRGGSS Pass through the pathnames as is, which is specified as the startup arguments. FFdd ex- pands the meta character such as ~~ and $${{##}} in the given pathname by itself, because the ob- solete low-level shell cannot support these expansion extended by POSIX. FFdd can sometimes expand the pathname given by the shell into the unexpected string as a result of duplicate expansion, because the latest high-level shell generally support these expansion. This vari- able will be suppress the expansion of argu- ments. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. TTMMPPDDIIRR Specify the working directory where the archiver command temporarily unpack files in the archive file. The default value is //ttmmpp. (On MS-DOS version, The default value is `..'.) TTMMPPUUMMAASSKK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for files and directories created temporarily in TTMMPPDDIIRR. But the mask value set by uummaasskk the builtin command is prior, then actual mask value is the logical OR of this value and uummaasskk value. TTRRAADDLLAAYYOOUUTT Use the traditional screen layout based on the original "FD". In this layout, the file size information will be always displayed, whether SSIIZZEEIINNFFOO is set or not. When the screen width is less than 8800 columns, this specification is invalid. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. UUNNIICCOODDEEBBUUFFFFEERR Hold the UNICODE translation table on memory. It will be fast to access the floppy drive and to translate from/to UTF-8. You should set this if you have enough memory. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. UUSSEEGGEETTCCUURRSSOORR Use the VT100 compatible escape sequence get- ting the cursor position in order to get the terminal size. When the screen size of ffdd doesn't correspond with the terminal size, this variable can be sometimes valid. On some terminals which don't support the escape sequence getting the cursor position, the operation may be stopped. In this case, it is continued by inputting 'R' from the keyboard. Any value except 00 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) UUSSEESSYYSSLLOOGG Send the log to ssyyssllooggdd(8) the system logger with the level spacified by LLOOGGLLEEVVEELL or RROOOOTTLLOOGGLLEEVVEELL. The log priority is LOG_ERR only some errors are caused, otherwise the log priority is always LOG_INFO. LOG_USER is used as the facirity if it can be specified. Any value except 0 and null effects valid. ((UUNNIIXX)) WWRRIITTEEFFSS Forbid use of WWRRIITTEE_DDIIRR command. If the value is 11, the directory is written only when the command is executed intentionally, and you are not confirmed after arranging the file order. If the value is 22, even writing by the command is invalid, the directory writing is quite forbidden. SSJJIISSPPAATTHH EEUUCCPPAATTHH JJIISSPPAATTHH JJIISS88PPAATTHH JJUUNNEETTPPAATTHH OOJJIISSPPAATTHH OOJJIISS88PPAATTHH OOJJUUNNEETTPPAATTHH HHEEXXPPAATTHH CCAAPPPPAATTHH UUTTFF88PPAATTHH UUTTFF88MMAACCPPAATTHH UUTTFF88IICCOONNVVPPAATTHH NNOOCCOONNVVPPAATTHH Specify the Kanji code for filename per direc- tory, which is prior to FFNNAAMMEEKKCCOODDEE. You can specify multiple pathnames separating with '::'. You are enough to specify only the top directory where you want to use the Kanji code, then you can use the Kanji code in all of the directories under that directory. In the directory which is described in NNOOCCOONNVVPPAATTHH, no Kanji code is converted ignor- ing the value of FFNNAAMMEEKKCCOODDEE. No pathname is specified by default. ((UUNNIIXX)) MMUULLTTII LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE SSUUPPPPOORRTT FFdd processes the Kanji character-set to input/output as "EUC-JP" or "Shift JIS" according to setting in compile. The the pathname including Kanji is displayed in considera- tion for the 2nd byte character in Kanji. You can dynami- cally select Kanji code to input/output with LLAANNGGUUAAGGEE, IINNPPUUTTKKCCOODDEE and FFNNAAMMEEKKCCOODDEE the internal variable. You can input Japanese string with the Kana-Kanji IME mode. You can use Kanji in the command macro and the command string, but cannot use Kanji as the value of the internal variables. You cannot use the multibyte symbol character as the meta character, such as '%%' and '""' and so on, Kanji character is not counted as 1 character in the wildcard search. And when you give the non-standard Kanji code for the OS to the shell with the parameter macro such as %%JJJJ, some Kanji is converted into the code including the meta character such as '$$' and '\\' and so on, to cause unexpected behavior. In that case, you can probably avoid it by quoting the string to be converted with %%''. AAUUTTHHOORR Takashi SHIRAI The original "FD" for MS-DOS was created and released by A.Idei for the first time, in 1989. FFdd was created for UNIX from scratch following that implementation, in 1995. FFIILLEESS //eettcc//ffdd22rrcc The systemwide initial configuration file for ffdd ~~//..ffdd22rrcc The individual initial configuration file for ffdd ~~//..ffddsshhrrcc The individual initial configuration file for ffddsshh ~~//..ffdd_hhiissttoorryy The command history file by default ~~//..ffdd__ffrreeqq The translation frequency file for the users Kana- Kanji translation learning //bbiinn//sshh The user shell when SSHHEELLLL the environment variable is undefined //bbiinn//rrmm The command to remove temporary files when abort //ttmmpp//ffdd** The temporary directory to unpack the archive file ffdd--uunniiccdd..ttbbll The UNICODE translation table, which is installed in the same directory as the executable binary of ffdd ffdd--ddiicctt..ttbbll The Kana-Kanji translation dictionary file, which is installed in the same directory as the execut- able binary of ffdd ffdd22rrcc The systemwide initial configuration file for ffdd on MS-DOS version, which must be prepared in the same directory as the executable binary of ffdd $$HHOOMMEE\\ffdd22..rrcc The individual initial configuration file for ffdd on MS-DOS version $$HHOOMMEE\\ffddsshh..rrcc The individual initial configuration file for ffddsshh on MS-DOS version $$HHOOMMEE\\ffdd..hhsstt The command history file on MS-DOS version by default LLIIMMIITTAATTIIOONNSS The maximum key bindings which you can register is 225566, and the maximum that with the user defined macro is 6644. The maximum launchers which you can register is 3322, including archive browsers. The maximum archive commands which you can register is 1166 pairs, with pack and unpack in pairs. These maximum values include default builtin definitions. Some terminals cannot send the input of certain function keys and special keys. The sequence compatible with VVTT220000 is assigned as the default sequence which is not registered in tteerrmmccaapp(5), and when the terminal cannot support this, the key receipt or the screen control due to be brought by this is not available. SSEEEE AALLSSOO sshh(1), eecchhoo(1), tteesstt(1), llss(1), rrmm(1), ttaarr(1), ccoommpprreessss(1), zzccaatt(1), ggzziipp(1), gguunnzziipp(1), llhhaa(1), llooggiinn(1), nneewwggrrpp(1), ssttttyy(1), uummaasskk(2), tteerrmmccaapp(5), tteerrmmiinnffoo(5), ssyyssllooggdd(8) BBUUGGSS When files in an archive file are packed with a pathname including "..", the archive browser cannot work normally. The symbolic links in an archive file cannot be unpacked individually. The user interface is cheap. CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT Copyright (C) 1995-2007 by Takashi SHIRAI