Desc: Ideas for future expansion and features
File: ideas.txt
Date: 20 October 2003
Auth: Russell Kroll <rkroll@exploits.org>

Here are some ideas that have come up over the years but haven't
been implemented yet.  This may be a good place to start if you're
looking for a rainy day hacking project.

Non-network "upsmon"
====================

Some systems don't want a daemon listening to the network.  This can be
for security reasons, or perhaps because the system has been squashed
down and doesn't have TCP/IP available.  For these situations you could
run a driver and program that sits on top of the driver socket to do
local monitoring.

This also makes monitoring extremely easy to automate - you don't need
to worry about ACLs, usernames and passwords, or firewalling.  Just
start a driver and drop this program on top of it.

 - Parse ups.conf and open the state socket for a driver

 - Send DUMPALL and enter a select loop

 - Parse SETINFOs that change ups.status

 - When you get OB LB, shut down

Completely unprivileged upsmon
==============================

upsmon currently retains root in a forked process so it can call the
shutdown command.  The only reason it needs root on most systems is that
only privileged users can signal init or send a message on /dev/initctl.

In the case of systems running sysvinit (Slackware, others?), upsmon
could just open /dev/initctl while it has root and then drop it
completely.  When it's time to shut down, fire a control structure at
init across the lingering socket and tell it to enter runlevel 0.

This has been shown to work in local tests, but it's not portable.  It
could only be offered as an option for those systems which run that
flavor of init.  It also needs to be tested to see what happens to
the lingering fd over time, such as when init restarts after an upgrade.

For other systems, there is always the possibility of having a suid
program which does nothing but prod init into starting a shutdown.  Lock
down the group access so only upsmon's unprivileged user can access it,
and make that your SHUTDOWNCMD.  Then it could drop root completely.

Chrooted upsmon
===============

upsmon could run the network monitoring part in a chroot jail if it had
a pipe to another process running outside for NOTIFY dispatches.  Such a
pipe would have to be constructed extremely carefully so an attacker
could not compromise it from the jailed process.

A state machine with a tightly defined sequence could do this safely.
All it has to do is dispatch the UPS name and event type.

	[start] [type] [length] <name> [stop]

Monitor program with interpreted language
=========================================

Once in awhile, I get requests for a way to shut down based on the UPS
temperature, or ambient humidity, or at a certain battery charge level,
or any number of things other than an "OB LB" status.  It should be
obvious that adding a way to monitor all of that in upsmon would bloat
upsmon for all those people who really don't need anything like that.

A separate program that interprets a list of rules and uses it to
monitor the UPS equipment is the way to solve this.  If you have a
condition that needs to be tested, add a rule.

Some of the tools that such a language would need include simple
greater-than/less-than testing (if battery.charge < 20), equivalence
testing (if ups.model = "SMART-UPS 700"), and some way to set and clear
timers.

Due to the expected size and limited audience for such a program, it
might have to be distributed separately.

Suspending to disk
==================

If your operating system supports the notion of suspending to disk, this
may be a less-intrusive way to handle shutdowns.  Most modern laptops
support this now, but few desktop systems implement it, so it is up to
the OS to figure it out.

This approach minimizes the amount of disruption which would be caused
by an extended outage.  The UPS goes on battery, then reaches low
battery, and the system takes a snapshot of itself and halts.  Then it
is turned off and waits for the power to return.

Once the power is back, the system reboots, pulls the snapshot back in,
and keeps going from there.  If the user happened to be away when it
happened, they may return and have no idea that their system actually
shut down completely in the middle.

For this to work, the normal instance of the driver must be used to
shut off the power rather than using 'upsdrvctl shutdown', since it will
need to keep running after the system resumes.  That means something
like 'upscmd -u foo -p bar ups@host shutdown.return' will have to run in
the suspend script, just before the system halts.

There are some potential snags here.  upsd currently sets FSD as a
latch.  That means you can't clear it without restarting upsd.  This
could be fixed with another command, but read on for another option.

Also, upsmon normally doesn't stay around when you hit the OB LB
situation.  It normally kicks off the SHUTDOWNCMD and exits.  That means
you have no upsmon once the system wakes up again.

One way to solve both problems without changing any code would be to
shut down upsd in the suspend script and then restart it in the resume
script.  If you also restart upsmon after upsd comes back up, that
should make the system ready for the next outage.

This technique probably would not apply to many servers, but it could be
very interesting for desktop systems.