package PLP; use 5.006; use PLP::Functions (); use PLP::Fields; use PLP::Tie::Headers; use PLP::Tie::Delay; use PLP::Tie::Print; use File::Basename (); use File::Spec; use Cwd (); use strict; our $VERSION = '3.18'; # Subs in this package: # _default_error($plain, $html) Default error handler # cgi_init Initialization for CGI # clean Reset variables # error($error, $type) Handle errors # everything Do everything: CGI # handler($r) Do everything: mod_perl # mod_perl_init($r) Initialization for mod_perl # mod_perl_print Faster printing for mod_perl # sendheaders Send headers # source($path, $level, $linespec) Read and parse .plp files # start Start the initialized PLP script # The _init subs do the following: # Set $PLP::code to the initial code # Set $ENV{PLP_*} and makes PATH_INFO if needed # Change the CWD # This gets referenced as the initial $PLP::ERROR sub _default_error { my ($plain, $html) = @_; print qq{
}, qq{Debug information:
$html
}; } # CGI initializer: parses PATH_TRANSLATED sub cgi_init { $PLP::print = 'print'; my $path = $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED}; $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $ENV{PATH_INFO}; my $path_info; while (not -f $path) { if (not $path =~ s/(\/+[^\/]*)$//) { print STDERR "PLP: Not found: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n"; PLP::error(undef, 404); exit; } my $pi = $1; $ENV{PLP_NAME} =~ s/\Q$pi\E$//; $path_info = $pi . $path_info; } if (not -r $path) { print STDERR "PLP: Can't read: $ENV{PATH_TRANSLATED} ($ENV{REQUEST_URI})\n"; PLP::error(undef, 403); exit; } delete @ENV{ qw(PATH_TRANSLATED SCRIPT_NAME SCRIPT_FILENAME PATH_INFO), grep /^REDIRECT_/, keys %ENV }; $ENV{PATH_INFO} = $path_info if defined $path_info; $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = $path; my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path); chdir $dir; $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path); } # This cleans up from previous requests, and sets the default $PLP::DEBUG sub clean { @PLP::END = (); $PLP::code = ''; $PLP::sentheaders = 0; $PLP::DEBUG = 1; $PLP::print = ''; $PLP::r = undef; delete @ENV{ grep /^PLP_/, keys %ENV }; } # Handles errors, uses subref $PLP::ERROR (default: \&_default_error) sub error { my ($error, $type) = @_; if (not defined $type or $type < 100) { return undef unless $PLP::DEBUG & 1; my $plain = $error; (my $html = $plain) =~ s/([<&>])/'&#' . ord($1) . ';'/ge; PLP::sendheaders() unless $PLP::sentheaders; $PLP::ERROR->($plain, $html); } else { select STDOUT; my ($short, $long) = @{ +{ 404 => [ 'Not Found', "The requested URL $ENV{REQUEST_URI} was not found " . "on this server." ], 403 => [ 'Forbidden', "You don't have permission to access $ENV{REQUEST_URI} " . "on this server." ], }->{$type} }; print "Status: $type\nContent-Type: text/html\n\n", qq{\n}, "\n$type $short\n\n

$short", "

\n$long

\n

\n$ENV{SERVER_SIGNATURE}"; } } # This is run by the CGI script. (#!perl \n use PLP; PLP::everything;) sub everything { clean(); cgi_init(); start(); } # This is the mod_perl handler. sub handler { require Apache::Constants; clean(); if (my $ret = mod_perl_init($_[0])) { return $ret; } #S start($_[0]); start(); no strict 'subs'; return Apache::Constants::OK(); } # mod_perl initializer: returns 0 on success, Apache error code on failure sub mod_perl_init { our $r = shift; $PLP::print = 'PLP::mod_perl_print'; $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} = my $filename = $r->filename; unless (-f $filename) { return Apache::Constants::NOT_FOUND(); } unless (-r _) { return Apache::Constants::FORBIDDEN(); } $ENV{PLP_NAME} = $r->uri; our $use_cache = $r->dir_config('PLPcache') !~ /^off$/i; #S our $use_safe = $r->dir_config('PLPsafe') =~ /^on$/i; my $path = $r->filename(); my ($file, $dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($path); chdir $dir; $PLP::code = PLP::source($file, 0, undef, $path); return 0; # OK } # FAST printing under mod_perl sub mod_perl_print { return if @_ == 1 and not length $_[0]; PLP::sendheaders() unless $PLP::sentheaders; $PLP::r->print(@_); } # Sends the headers waiting in %PLP::Script::header sub sendheaders () { $PLP::sentheaders ||= [ caller 1 ? (caller 1)[1, 2] : (caller)[1, 2] ]; print STDOUT "Content-Type: text/plain\n\n" if $PLP::DEBUG & 2; print STDOUT map("$_: $PLP::Script::header{$_}\n", keys %PLP::Script::header), "\n"; } { my %cached; # Conceal cached sources: ( path => [ [ deps ], source, -M ] ) # Given a filename and optional level (level should be 0 if the caller isn't # source() itself), and optional linespec (used by PLP::Functions::Include), # this function parses a PLP file and returns Perl code, ready to be eval'ed sub source { my ($file, $level, $linespec, $path) = @_; our $use_cache; # $file is displayed, $path is used. $path is constructed from $file if # not given. $level = 0 unless defined $level; $linespec = '1' unless defined $linespec; if ($level > 128) { %cached = (); return $level ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Include recursion detected]; print q\cQ} : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Include recursion detected];}; } my $in_block = 0; # 1 => "<:", 2 => "<:=" $path ||= File::Spec->rel2abs($file); my $source_start = $level ? qq/\cQ;\n#line 1 "$file"\n$PLP::print q\cQ/ : qq/\n#line 1 "$file"\n$PLP::print q\cQ/; if ($use_cache and exists $cached{$path}) { BREAKOUT: { my @checkstack = ($path); my $item; my %checked; while (defined(my $item = shift @checkstack)) { next if $checked{$item}; last BREAKOUT if $cached{$item}[2] > -M $item; $checked{$item} = 1; push @checkstack, @{ $cached{$item}[0] } if @{ $cached{$item}[0] }; } return $level ? $source_start . $cached{$path}[1] : $source_start . $cached{$path}[1] . "\cQ"; } } $cached{$path} = [ [ ], undef, undef ] if $use_cache; my $linenr = 0; my $source = ''; local *SOURCE; open SOURCE, '<', $path or return $level ? qq{\cQ; die qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)]; print q\cQ} : qq{\n#line $linespec\ndie qq[Can't open "\Q$path\E" (\Q$!\E)];}; LINE: while (defined (my $line = )) { $linenr++; for (;;) { $line =~ / \G # Begin where left off ( \z # End | <:=? | :> # PLP tags <:= ... :> <: ... :> | <\([^)]*\)> # Include tags <(...)> | <[^:(][^<:]* # Normal text | :[^>][^<:]* # Normal text | [^<:]* # Normal text ) /gxs; next LINE unless length $1; my $part = $1; if ($part eq '<:=' and not $in_block) { $in_block = 2; $source .= "\cQ, ("; } elsif ($part eq '<:' and not $in_block) { $in_block = 1; $source .= "\cQ; "; } elsif ($part eq ':>' and $in_block) { $source .= ( $in_block == 2 ? "), q\cQ" # 2 : "; $PLP::print q\cQ" # 1 ); $in_block = 0; } elsif ($part =~ /^<\((.*?)\)>\z/ and not $in_block) { my $ipath = File::Spec->rel2abs( $1, File::Basename::dirname($path) ); $source .= source($1, $level + 1, undef, $ipath) . qq/\cQ, \n#line $linenr "$file"\nq\cQ/; push @{ $cached{$path}[0] }, $ipath; } else { $part =~ s/\\/\\\\/ unless $in_block; $source .= $part; } } } if ($in_block) { $source .= ( $in_block == 2 ? "), q\cQ" # 2 : "; $PLP::print q\cQ" # 1 ); } if ($use_cache) { $cached{$path}[1] = $source; $cached{$path}[2] = -M $path; } return $level ? $source_start . $source : $source_start . $source . "\cQ"; } } # Let the games begin! No lexicals may exist at this point. sub start { no strict; tie *PLPOUT, 'PLP::Tie::Print'; select PLPOUT; $PLP::ERROR = \&_default_error; PLP::Fields::doit(); { package PLP::Script; use vars qw(%headers %header %cookies %cookie %get %post %fields); *headers = \%header; *cookies = \%cookie; PLP::Functions->import(); # No lexicals may exist at this point. eval qq{ package PLP::Script; $PLP::code; }; PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/; eval { package PLP::Script; $_->() for reverse @PLP::END }; PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/; } PLP::sendheaders() unless $PLP::sentheaders; select STDOUT; undef *{"PLP::Script::$_"} for keys %PLP::Script::; # Symbol::delete_package('PLP::Script'); # The above does not work. TODO - find out why not. } 1; =head1 NAME PLP - Perl in HTML pages =head1 SYNOPSIS =head2 mod_perl installation =over 10 =item * httpd.conf (for mod_perl setup) SetHandler perl-script PerlHandler PLP PerlSendHeader On PerlSetVar PLPcache On # Who said CGI was easier to set up? :) =back =head2 CGI installation =over 10 =item * /foo/bar/plp.cgi (local filesystem address) #!/usr/bin/perl use PLP; PLP::everything(); =item * httpd.conf (for CGI setup) ScriptAlias /foo/bar/ /PLP_COMMON/ AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI Order allow,deny Allow from all AddHandler plp-document plp Action plp-document /PLP_COMMON/plp.cgi =back =head2 Test script (test.plp) <: print "Hurrah, it works!
" for 1..10; :> =head1 DESCRIPTION PLP is yet another Perl embedder, primarily for HTML documents. Unlike with other Perl embedders, there is no need to learn a meta-syntax or object model: one can just use the normal Perl constructs. PLP runs under mod_perl for speeds comparable to those of PHP, but can also be run as a CGI script. =head2 PLP Syntax =over 22 =item C<< <: perl_code(); :> >> With C<< <: >> and C<< :> >>, you can add Perl code to your document. This is what PLP is all about. All code outside of these tags is printed. It is possible to mix perl language constructs with normal HTML parts of the document: <: unless ($ENV{REMOTE_USER}) { :> You are not logged in. <: } :> C<< :> >> always stops a code block, even when it is found in a string literal. =item C<< <:= $expression :> >> Includes a dynamic expression in your document. The expression is evaluated in list context. Please note that the expression should not end a statement: avoid semi-colons. No whitespace may be between C<< <: >> and the equal sign. C<< foo <:= $bar :> $baz >> is like C<< <: print 'foo ', $bar, ' baz'; :> >>. =item C<< <(filename)> >> Includes another file before the PLP code is executed. The file is included literally, so it shares lexical variables. Because this is a compile-time tag, it's fast, but you can't use a variable as the filename. You can create recursive includes, so beware! (PLP will catch simple recursion: the maximum depth is 128.) Whitespace in the filename is not ignored so C<< <( foo.txt)> >> includes the file named C< foo.txt>, including the space in its name. A compile-time alternative is include(), which is described in L. =back =head2 PLP Functions These are described in L. =head2 PLP Variables =over 22 =item $ENV{PLP_NAME} The URI of the PLP document, without the query string. (Example: C) =item $ENV{PLP_FILENAME} The filename of the PLP document. (Example: C) =item $PLP::VERSION The version of PLP. =item $PLP::DEBUG Controls debugging output, and should be treated as a bitmask. The least significant bit (1) controls if run-time error messages are reported to the browser, the second bit (2) controls if headers are sent twice, so they get displayed in the browser. A value of 3 means both features are enabled. The default value is 1. =item $PLP::ERROR Contains a reference to the code that is used to report run-time errors. You can override this to have it in your own design, and you could even make it report errors by e-mail. The sub reference gets two arguments: the error message as plain text and the error message with special characters encoded with HTML entities. =item %header, %cookie, %get, %post, %fields These are described in L. =back =head2 (mod_perl only) PerlSetVar configuration directives =over 22 =item PLPcache Sets caching B/B. When caching, PLP saves your script in memory and doesn't re-read and re-parse it if it hasn't changed. PLP will use more memory, but will also run 50% faster. B is default, anything that isn't =~ /^off$/i is considered On. =back =head2 Things that you should know about Not only syntax is important, you should also be aware of some other important features. Your script runs inside the package C and shouldn't leave it. This is because when your script ends, all global variables in the C package are destroyed, which is very important if you run under mod_perl (they would retain their values if they weren't explicitly destroyed). Until your first output, you are printing to a tied filehandle C. On first output, headers are sent to the browser and C is selected for efficiency. To set headers, you must assign to C<$header{ $header_name}> before any output. This means the opening C<< <: >> have to be the first characters in your document, without any whitespace in front of them. If you start output and try to set headers later, an error message will appear telling you on which line your output started. An alternative way of setting headers is using Perl's BEGIN blocks. BEGIN blocks are executed as soon as possible, before anything else. Because the interpreter that mod_perl uses never ends, C blocks won't work properly. You should use C instead. Note that this is a not a built-in construct, so it needs proper termination with a semi-colon (as do and ). Under mod_perl, modules are loaded only once. A good modular design can improve performance because of this, but you will have to B the modules yourself when there are newer versions. The special hashes are tied hashes and do not always behave the way you expect, especially when mixed with modules that expect normal CGI environments, like CGI.pm. Read L for information more about this. =head1 FAQ and HowTo A lot of questions are asked often, so before asking yours, please read the FAQ at L. Some examples can be found at L. =head1 NO WARRANTY No warranty, no guarantees. Use PLP at your own risk, as I disclaim all responsibility. =head1 AUTHOR Juerd Waalboer =head1 SEE ALSO L, L, L, L =cut ### Garbage bin # About the #S lines: # I wanted to implement Safe.pm so that scripts were run inside a # configurable compartment. This needed for XS modules to be pre-loaded, # hence the PLPsafe_* Apache directives. However, $safe->reval() lets # Apache segfault. End of fun. The lines are still here so that I can # s/^#S //g to re-implement them whenever this has been fixed. #S # For PLPsafe scripts #S sub safe_eval { #S my ($r, $code) = @_; #S $r->send_http_header('text/plain'); #S require Safe; #S unless ($PLP::safe) { #S $PLP::safe = Safe->new('PLP::Script'); #S for ( map split, $r->dir_config->get('PLPsafe_module') ) { #S $PLP::safe->share('*' . $_ . '::'); #S s!::!/!g; #S require $_ . '.pm'; #S } #S $PLP::safe->permit(Opcode::full_opset()); #S $PLP::safe->deny(Opcode::opset(':dangerous')); #S } #S $PLP::safe->reval($code); #S } #S my ($r) = @_; # start() #S if ($PLP::use_safe) { #S PLP::safe_eval($r, $PLP::code); #S } else { # eval qq{ package PLP::Script; $PLP::code; }; #S } # PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/; #S if ($PLP::use_safe) { #S PLP::safe_eval($r, '$_->() for reverse @PLP::END'); #S } else { # eval { package PLP::Script; $_->() for reverse @PLP::END }; #S } # PLP::error($@, 1) if $@ and $@ !~ /\cS\cT\cO\cP/; ###