IPv6 Working Group John Loughney (ed)
Internet-Draft Nokia
January 14, 2004
Expires: July 14, 2004
IPv6 Node Requirements
draft-ietf-ipv6-node-requirements-08.txt
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as InternetDrafts.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines requirements for IPv6 nodes. It is expected that IPv6 will be deployed in a wide range of devices and situations. Specifying the requirements for IPv6 nodes allows IPv6 to function well and interoperate in a large number of situations and deployments.
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Table of Contents
- Introduction 1.1 Requirement Language 1.2 Scope of this Document 1.3 Description of IPv6 Nodes
- Abbreviations Used in This Document
- Sub-IP Layer 3.1 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks - RFC2464 3.2 IP version 6 over PPP - RFC2472 3.3 IPv6 over ATM Networks - RFC2492
- IP Layer 4.1 Internet Protocol Version 6 - RFC2460 4.2 Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 - RFC2461 4.3 Path MTU Discovery & Packet Size 4.4 ICMP for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) - RFC2463 4.5 Addressing 4.6 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 - RFC2710
- Transport and DNS 5.1 Transport Layer 5.2 DNS 5.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)
- IPv4 Support and Transition 6.1 Transition Mechanisms
- Mobility
- Security 8.1 Basic Architecture 8.2 Security Protocols 8.3 Transforms and Algorithms 8.4 Key Management Methods
- Router Functionality 9.1 General
- Network Management 10.1 MIBs
- Security Considerations
- References 12.1 Normative 12.2 Non-Normative
- Authors and Acknowledgements
- Editor's Address Notices
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- Introduction
The goal of this document is to define the common functionality required from both IPv6 hosts and routers. Many IPv6 nodes will implement optional or additional features, but all IPv6 nodes can be expected to implement the mandatory requirements listed in this document.
This document tries to avoid discussion of protocol details, and references RFCs for this purpose. In case of any conflicting text, this document takes less precedence than the normative RFCs, unless additional clarifying text is included in this document.
Although the document points to different specifications, it should be noted that in most cases, the granularity of requirements are smaller than a single specification, as many specifications define multiple, independent pieces, some of which may not be mandatory.
As it is not always possible for an implementer to know the exact usage of IPv6 in a node, an overriding requirement for IPv6 nodes is that they should adhere to Jon Postel's Robustness Principle:
Be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from
others [RFC-793].
1.1 Requirement Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC-2119].
1.2 Scope of this Document
IPv6 covers many specifications. It is intended that IPv6 will be deployed in many different situations and environments. Therefore, it is important to develop the requirements for IPv6 nodes, in order to ensure interoperability.
This document assumes that all IPv6 nodes meet the minimum requirements specified here.
1.3 Description of IPv6 Nodes
From Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification [RFC-2460] we have the following definitions:
Description of an IPv6 Node
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- a device that implements IPv6
Description of an IPv6 router
- a node that forwards IPv6 packets not explicitly addressed to itself.
Description of an IPv6 Host
- any node that is not a router. 2. Abbreviations Used in This Document
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AH Authentication Header
DAD Duplicate Address Detection
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IKE Internet Key Exchange
MIB Management Information Base
MLD Multicast Listener Discovery
MTU Maximum Transfer Unit
NA Neighbor Advertisement
NBMA Non-Broadcast Multiple Access
ND Neighbor Discovery
NS Neighbor Solicitation
NUD Neighbor Unreachability Detection
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
SVC Switched Virtual Circuit
3. Sub-IP Layer
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An IPv6 node must include support for one or more IPv6 link-layer specifications. Which link-layer specifications are included will depend upon what link-layers are supported by the hardware available on the system. It is possible for a conformant IPv6 node to support IPv6 on some of its interfaces and not on others.
As IPv6 is run over new layer 2 technologies, it is expected that new specifications will be issued. This section highlights some major layer 2 technologies and is not intended to be complete.
3.1 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks - RFC2464
Nodes supporting IPv6 over Ethernet interfaces MUST implement Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks [RFC-2464].
3.2 IP version 6 over PPP - RFC2472
Nodes supporting IPv6 over PPP MUST implement IPv6 over PPP [RFC- 2472].
3.3 IPv6 over ATM Networks - RFC2492
Nodes supporting IPv6 over ATM Networks MUST implement IPv6 over ATM Networks [RFC-2492]. Additionally, RFC 2492 states:
A minimally conforming IPv6/ATM driver SHALL support the PVC mode
of operation. An IPv6/ATM driver that supports the full SVC mode
SHALL also support PVC mode of operation.
4. IP Layer
4.1 Internet Protocol Version 6 - RFC2460
The Internet Protocol Version 6 is specified in [RFC-2460]. This specification MUST be supported.
Unrecognized options in Hop-by-Hop Options or Destination Options extensions MUST be processed as described in RFC 2460.
The node MUST follow the packet transmission rules in RFC 2460.
Nodes MUST always be able to send, receive and process fragment headers. All conformant IPv6 implementations MUST be capable of sending and receving IPv6 packets; forwarding functionality MAY be supported
RFC 2460 specifies extension headers and the processing for these headers.
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A full implementation of IPv6 includes implementation of the
following extension headers: Hop-by-Hop Options, Routing (Type 0),
Fragment, Destination Options, Authentication and Encapsulating
Security Payload. [RFC-2460]
An IPv6 node MUST be able to process these headers. It should be noted that there is some discussion about the use of Routing Headers and possible security threats [IPv6-RH] caused by them.
4.2 Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 - RFC2461
Neighbor Discovery SHOULD be supported. RFC 2461 states:
"Unless specified otherwise (in a document that covers operating
IP over a particular link type) this document applies to all link
types. However, because ND uses link-layer multicast for some of
its services, it is possible that on some link types (e.g., NBMA
links) alternative protocols or mechanisms to implement those
services will be specified (in the appropriate document covering
the operation of IP over a particular link type). The services
described in this document that are not directly dependent on
multicast, such as Redirects, Next-hop determination, Neighbor
Unreachability Detection, etc., are expected to be provided as
specified in this document. The details of how one uses ND on
NBMA links is an area for further study."
Some detailed analysis of Neighbor Discovery follows:
Router Discovery is how hosts locate routers that reside on an attached link. Router Discovery MUST be supported for implementations.
Prefix Discovery is how hosts discover the set of address prefixes that define which destinations are on-link for an attached link. Prefix discovery MUST be supported for implementations. Neighbor Unreachability Detection (NUD) MUST be supported for all paths between hosts and neighboring nodes. It is not required for paths between routers. However, when a node receives a unicast Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message (that may be a NUD's NS), the node MUST respond to it (i.e. send a unicast Neighbor Advertisement).
Duplicate Address Detection MUST be supported on all links supporting link-layer multicast (RFC2462 section 5.4 specifies DAD MUST take place on all unicast addresses).
A host implementation MUST support sending Router Solicitations.
Receiving and processing Router Advertisements MUST be supported for
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host implementations. The ability to understand specific Router Advertisement options is dependent on supporting the specification where the RA is specified.
Sending and Receiving Neighbor Solicitation (NS) and Neighbor Advertisement (NA) MUST be supported. NS and NA messages are required for Duplicate Address Detection (DAD).
Redirect functionality SHOULD be supported. If the node is a router, Redirect functionality MUST be supported.
4.3 Path MTU Discovery & Packet Size
4.3.1 Path MTU Discovery - RFC1981
Path MTU Discovery [RFC-1981] SHOULD be supported, though minimal implementations MAY choose to not support it and avoid large packets. The rules in RFC 2460 MUST be followed for packet fragmentation and reassembly.
4.3.2 IPv6 Jumbograms - RFC2675
IPv6 Jumbograms [RFC-2675] MAY be supported.
4.4 ICMP for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) - RFC2463
ICMPv6 [RFC-2463] MUST be supported.
4.5 Addressing
4.5.1 IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture - RFC3513
The IPv6 Addressing Architecture [RFC-3513] MUST be supported.
4.5.2 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration - RFC2462
IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration is defined in [RFC-2462]. This specification MUST be supported for nodes that are hosts.
Nodes that are routers MUST be able to generate link local addresses as described in RFC 2462 [RFC-2462].
From 2462:
The autoconfiguration process specified in this document applies
only to hosts and not routers. Since host autoconfiguration uses
information advertised by routers, routers will need to be
configured by some other means. However, it is expected that
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routers will generate link-local addresses using the mechanism
described in this document. In addition, routers are expected to
successfully pass the Duplicate Address Detection procedure
described in this document on all addresses prior to assigning
them to an interface.
Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) MUST be supported.
4.5.3 Privacy Extensions for Address Configuration in IPv6 - RFC3041
Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC-3041] SHOULD be supported. It is recommended that this behavior be configurable on a connection basis within each application when available. It is noted that a number of applications do not work with addresses generated with this method, while other applications work quite well with them.
4.5.4 Default Address Selection for IPv6 - RFC3484
The rules specified in the Default Address Selection for IPv6 [RFC- 3484] document MUST be implemented. It is expected that IPv6 nodes will need to deal with multiple addresses.
4.5.5 Stateful Address Autoconfiguration
Stateful Address Autoconfiguration MAY be supported. DHCPv6 [RFC- 3315] is the standard stateful address configuration protocol; see section 5.3 for DHCPv6 support.
Nodes which do not support Stateful Address Autoconfiguration may be unable to obtain any IPv6 addresses aside from link-local addresses when it receives a router advertisement with the 'M' flag (Managed address configuration) set and which contains no prefixes advertised for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (see section 4.5.2). Additionally, such nodes will be unable to obtain other configuration information such as the addresses of DNS servers when it is connected to a link over which the node receives a router advertisement in which the 'O' flag ("Other stateful configuration") is set.
4.6 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 - RFC2710
Nodes that need to join multicast groups SHOULD implement MLDv2 [MLDv2]. However, if the node has applications, which only need support for Any- Source Multicast [RFC3569], the node MAY implement MLDv1 [MLDv1] instead. If the node has applications, which need support for Source- Specific Multicast [RFC3569, SSMARCH], the node MUST support MLDv2 [MLDv2].
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When MLD is used, the rules in "Source Address Selection for the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol" [RFC-3590] MUST be followed.
5. Transport Layer and DNS
5.1 Transport Layer
5.1.1 TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms - RFC2147
This specification MUST be supported if jumbograms are implemented [RFC- 2675].
5.2 DNS
DNS, as described in [RFC-1034], [RFC-1035], [RFC-3152], [RFC-3363] and [RFC-3596] MAY be supported. Not all nodes will need to resolve names. All nodes that need to resolve names SHOULD implement stubresolver [RFC-1034] functionality, in RFC 1034 section 5.3.1 with support for:
- AAAA type Resource Records [RFC-3596];
- reverse addressing in ip6.arpa using PTR records [RFC-3152];
- EDNS0 [RFC-2671] to allow for DNS packet sizes larger than 512 octets.
Those nodes are RECOMMENDED to support DNS security extentions [DNSSEC- INTRO], [DNSSEC-REC] and [DNSSEC-PROT].
Those nodes are NOT RECOMMENDED to support the experimental A6 and DNAME Resource Records [RFC-3363].
5.2.2 Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's - RFC2732
RFC 2732 MUST be supported if applications on the node use URL's.
5.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) - RFC3315
5.3.1 Managed Address Configuration
Those IPv6 Nodes that use DHCP for address assignment initiate DHCP to obtain IPv6 addresses and other configuration information upon receipt of a Router Advertisement with the 'M' flag set, as described in section 5.5.3 of RFC 2462. In addition, in the absence of a router, those IPv6 Nodes that use DHCP for address assignment MUST initiate DHCP to obtain IPv6 addresses and other configuration information, as described in section 5.5.2 of RFC 2462. Those IPv6 nodes that do not use DHCP for address assignment can ignore the 'M'
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flag in Router Advertisements.
5.3.2 Other Configuration Information
Those IPv6 Nodes that use DHCP to obtain other configuration information initiate DHCP for other configuration information upon receipt of a Router Advertisement with the 'O' flag set, as described in section 5.5.3 of RFC 2462. Those IPv6 nodes that do not use DHCP for other configuration information can ignore the 'O' flag in Router Advertisements.
An IPv6 Node can use the subset of DHCP described in [DHCPv6-SL] to obtain other configuration information.
6. IPv4 Support and Transition
IPv6 nodes MAY support IPv4.
6.1 Transition Mechanisms
6.1.1 Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers - RFC2893
If an IPv6 node implements dual stack and tunneling, then RFC2893 MUST be supported.
RFC 2893 is currently being updated.
7. Mobile IP
The Mobile IPv6 [MIPv6] specification defines requirements for the following types of nodes:
- mobile nodes
- correspondent nodes with support for route optimization
- home agents
- all IPv6 routers
Hosts MAY support mobile node functionality described in Section 8.5 of [MIPv6], including support of generic packet tunneling [RFC-2473] and secure home agent communications [MIPv6-HASEC].
Hosts SHOULD support route optimization requirements for correspondent nodes described in Section 8.2 of [MIPv6].
Routers SHOULD support the generic mobility-related requirements for all IPv6 routers described in Section 8.3 of [MIPv6]. Routers MAY support the home agent functionality described in Section 8.4 of [MIPv6], including support of [RFC-2473] and [MIPv6-HASEC].
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8. Security
This section describes the specification of IPsec for the IPv6 node.
8.1 Basic Architecture
Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol [RFC-2401] MUST be supported. RFC-2401 is being updated by the IPsec Working Group.
8.2 Security Protocols
ESP [RFC-2406] MUST be supported. AH [RFC-2402] MUST be supported. RFC- 2406 and RFC 2402 are being updated by the IPsec Working Group.
8.3 Transforms and Algorithms
Current IPsec RFCs specify the support of certain transforms and algorithms, NULL encryption, DES-CBC, HMAC-SHA-1-96, and HMAC-MD5-96. The requirements for these are discussed first, and then additional algorithms 3DES-CBC, AES-128-CBC and HMAC-SHA-256-96 are discussed.
NULL encryption algorithm [RFC-2410] MUST be supported for providing integrity service and also for debugging use.
The "ESP DES-CBC Cipher Algorithm With Explicit IV" [RFC-2405] SHOULD NOT be supported. Security issues related to the use of DES are discussed in [DESDIFF], [DESINT], [DESCRACK]. It is still listed as required by the existing IPsec RFCs, but as it is currently viewed as an inherently weak algorithm, and no longer fulfills its intended role.
The NULL authentication algorithm [RFC-2406] MUST be supported within ESP. The use of HMAC-SHA-1-96 within AH and ESP, described in [RFC- 2404] MUST be supported. The use of HMAC-MD5-96 within AH and ESP, described in [RFC-2403] MUST be supported. An implementer MUST refer to Keyed- Hashing for Message Authentication [RFC-2104].
3DES-CBC does not suffer from the issues related to DES-CBC. 3DES-CBC and ESP CBC-Mode Cipher Algorithms [RFC-2451] MAY be supported. AESCBC Cipher Algorithm [RFC-3602] MUST be supported, as it is expected to be a widely available, secure algorithm that is required for interoperability. It is not required by the current IPsec RFCs, but is expected to become required in the future.
In addition to the above requirements, "Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation Requirements For ESP And AH" [CRYPTREQ] contains the current set of mandatory to implement algorithms for ESP and AH as
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well as specifying algorithms that should be implemented because they may be promoted to mandatory at some future time. It is RECOMMENDED that IPv6 nodes conform to the requirements in this document.
8.4 Key Management Methods
Manual keying MUST be supported.
IKE [RFC-2407] [RFC-2408] [RFC-2409] MAY be supported for unicast traffic. Where key refresh, anti-replay features of AH and ESP, or on- demand creation of Security Associations (SAs) is required, automated keying MUST be supported. Note that the IPsec WG is working on the successor to IKE [IKE2]. Key management methods for multicast traffic are also being worked on by the MSEC WG.
"Cryptographic Algorithms for use in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2" [IKEv2ALGO] defines the current set of mandatory to implement algorithms for use of IKEv2 as well as specifying algorithms that should be implemented because they made be promoted to mandatory at some future time. It is RECOMMENDED that IPv6 nodes implementing IKEv2 conform to the requirements in this document.
9. Router-Specific Functionality
This section defines general host considerations for IPv6 nodes that act as routers. Currently, this section does not discuss routingspecific requirements.
9.1 General
9.1.1 IPv6 Router Alert Option - RFC2711
The IPv6 Router Alert Option [RFC-2711] is an optional IPv6 Hop-byHop Header that is used in conjunction with some protocols (e.g., RSVP [RFC- 2205], or MLD [RFC-2710]). The Router Alert option will need to be implemented whenever protocols that mandate its usage are implemented. See Section 4.6.
9.1.2 Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 - RFC2461
Sending Router Advertisements and processing Router Solicitation MUST be supported.
10. Network Management
Network Management MAY be supported by IPv6 nodes. However, for IPv6
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nodes that are embedded devices, network management may be the only possibility to control these nodes.
10.1 Management Information Base Modules (MIBs)
The following two MIBs SHOULD be supported by nodes that support an SNMP agent.
10.1.1 IP Forwarding Table MIB
IP Forwarding Table MIB [RFC-2096BIS] SHOULD be supported by nodes that support an SNMP agent.
10.1.2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol (IP)
IP MIB [RFC-2011BIS] SHOULD be supported by nodes that support an SNMP agent.
11. Security Considerations
This draft does not affect the security of the Internet, but implementations of IPv6 are expected to support a minimum set of security features to ensure security on the Internet. "IP Security Document Roadmap" [RFC-2411] is important for everyone to read.
The security considerations in RFC2460 describe the following:
The security features of IPv6 are described in the Security
Architecture for the Internet Protocol [RFC-2401].
12. References
12.1 Normative
[CRYPTREQ] D. Eastlake 3rd, "Cryptographic Algorithm Implementa-
tion Requirements For ESP And AH", draft-ietf-ipsec-
esp-ah-algorithms-01.txt, January 2004.
[IKEv2ALGO] J. Schiller, "Cryptographic Algorithms for use in the
Internet Key Exchange Version 2", draft-ietf-ipsec-
ikev2-algorithms-04.txt, Work in Progress.
[DHCPv6-SL] R. Droms, "A Guide to Implementing Stateless DHCPv6
Service", draft- ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-stateless-00.txt,
Work in Progress.
[MIPv6] J. Arkko, D. Johnson and C. Perkins, "Mobility Support
in IPv6", draft- ietf-mobileip-ipv6-24.txt, Work in
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progress.
[MIPv6-HASEC] J. Arkko, V. Devarapalli and F. Dupont, "Using IPsec
to Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling between Mobile Nodes
and Home Agents", draft-ietf- mobileip-mipv6-ha-
ipsec-06.txt, Work in Progress.
[MLDv2] Vida, R. et al., "Multicast Listener Discovery Version
2 (MLDv2) for IPv6", draft-vida-mld-v2-07.txt, Work in
Progress.
[RFC-1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[RFC-1981] McCann, J., Mogul, J. and Deering, S., "Path MTU
Discovery for IP version 6", RFC 1981, August 1996.
[RFC-2096BIS] Haberman, B. and Wasserman, M., "IP Forwarding Table
MIB", draft-ietf- ipv6-rfc2096-update-07.txt, Work in
Progress.
[RFC-2011BIS] Routhier, S (ed), "Management Information Base for the
Internet Protocol (IP)", draft-ietf-ipv6-rfc2011-
update-07.txt, Work in progress.
[RFC-2104] Krawczyk, K., Bellare, M., and Canetti, R., "HMAC:
Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104,
February 1997.
[RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC-2401] Kent, S. and Atkinson, R., "Security Architecture for
the Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.
[RFC-2402] Kent, S. and Atkinson, R., "IP Authentication
Header", RFC 2402, November 1998.
[RFC-2403] Madson, C., and Glenn, R., "The Use of HMAC-MD5 within
ESP and AH", RFC 2403, November 1998.
[RFC-2404] Madson, C., and Glenn, R., "The Use of HMAC-SHA-1
within ESP and AH", RFC 2404, November 1998.
[RFC-2405] Madson, C. and Doraswamy, N., "The ESP DES-CBC Cipher
Algorithm With Explicit IV", RFC 2405, November 1998.
[RFC-2406] Kent, S. and Atkinson, R., "IP Encapsulating Security
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Protocol (ESP)", RFC 2406, November 1998.
[RFC-2407] Piper, D., "The Internet IP Security Domain of
Interpretation for ISAKMP", RFC 2407, November 1998.
[RFC-2408] Maughan, D., Schertler, M., Schneider, M., and Turner,
J., "Internet Security Association and Key Management
Protocol (ISAKMP)", RFC 2408, November 1998.
[RFC-2409] Harkins, D., and Carrel, D., "The Internet Key
Exchange (IKE)", RFC 2409, November 1998.
[RFC-2410] Glenn, R. and Kent, S., "The NULL Encryption Algorithm
and Its Use With IPsec", RFC 2410, November 1998.
[RFC-2451] Pereira, R. and Adams, R., "The ESP CBC-Mode Cipher
Algorithms", RFC 2451, November 1998.
[RFC-2460] Deering, S. and Hinden, R., "Internet Protocol, Ver-
sion 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC-2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and Simpson, W., "Neighbor
Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December
1998.
[RFC-2462] Thomson, S. and Narten, T., "IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462.
[RFC-2463] Conta, A. and Deering, S., "ICMP for the Internet Pro-
tocol Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2463, December 1998.
[RFC-2472] Haskin, D. and Allen, E., "IP version 6 over PPP", RFC
2472, December 1998.
[RFC-2473] Conta, A. and Deering, S., "Generic Packet Tunneling
in IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998. Xxx
add
[RFC-2671] Vixie, P., "Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0)", RFC
2671, August 1999.
[RFC-2710] Deering, S., Fenner, W. and Haberman, B., "Multicast
Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6", RFC 2710, October
1999.
[RFC-2711] Partridge, C. and Jackson, A., "IPv6 Router Alert
Option", RFC 2711, October 1999.
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[RFC-3041] Narten, T. and Draves, R., "Privacy Extensions for
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6", RFC
3041, January 2001.
[RFC-3152] Bush, R., "Delegation of IP6.ARPA", RFC 3152, August
2001.
[RFC-3315] Bound, J. et al., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC-3363] Bush, R., et al., "Representing Internet Protocol ver-
sion 6 (IPv6) Addresses in the Domain Name System
(DNS)", RFC 3363, August 2002.
[RFC-3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for IPv6", RFC
3484, February 2003.
[RFC-3513] Hinden, R. and Deering, S. "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 3513, April 2003.
[RFC-3590] Haberman, B., "Source Address Selection for the Multi-
cast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol", RFC 3590,
September 2003.
[RFC-3596] Thomson, S., et al., "DNS Extensions to support IP
version 6", RFC 3596, October 2003.
[RFC-3602] S. Frankel, "The AES-CBC Cipher Algorithm and Its Use
with IPsec", RFC 3602, September 2003.
12.2 Non-Normative
[ANYCAST] Hagino, J and Ettikan K., "An Analysis of IPv6 Anycast",
draft-ietf- ipngwg-ipv6-anycast-analysis-02.txt, Work in
Progress.
[DESDIFF] Biham, E., Shamir, A., "Differential Cryptanalysis of
DES-like cryptosystems", Journal of Cryptology Vol 4, Jan
1991.
[DESCRACK] Cracking DES, O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastapol, CA 2000.
[DESINT] Bellovin, S., "An Issue With DES-CBC When Used Without
Strong Integrity", Proceedings of the 32nd IETF, Danvers,
MA, April 1995.
[DHCPv6-SL] Droms, R., "A Guide to Implementing Stateless DHCPv6 Ser-
vice", draft- ietf-dhc-dhcpv6-stateless-02.txt, Work in
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Progress.
[DNSSEC-INTRO] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D. and Rose,
S., "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements" draft-
ietf-dnsext-dnssec-intro- 06.txt, Work in Progress.
[DNSSEC-REC] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D. and Rose,
S., "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions",
draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec- records-04.txt, Work in Pro-
gress.
[DNSSEC-PROT] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D. and Rose,
S., "Protocol Modifications for the DNS Security Exten-
sions", draft-ietf-dnsext- dnssec-protocol-02.txt, Work
in Progress.
[IKE2] Kaufman, C. (ed), "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Proto-
col", draft-ietf- ipsec-ikev2-10.txt, Work in Progress.
[IPv6-RH] P. Savola, "Security of IPv6 Routing Header and Home
Address Options", draft-savola-ipv6-rh-ha-security-
03.txt, Work in Progress, March 2002.
[MC-THREAT] Ballardie A. and Crowcroft, J.; Multicast-Specific Secu-
rity Threats and Counter-Measures; In Proceedings "Sympo-
sium on Network and Distributed System Security", Febru-
ary 1995, pp.2-16.
[RFC-793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", RFC 793,
August 1980.
[RFC-1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facili-
ties", RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC-2147] Borman, D., "TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms", RFC 2147,
May 1997.
[RFC-2205] Braden, B. (ed.), Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S. and
S. Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)", RFC
2205, September 1997.
[RFC-2464] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet
Networks", RFC 2462, December 1998.
[RFC-2492] G. Armitage, M. Jork, P. Schulter, G. Harter, IPv6 over
ATM Networks", RFC 2492, January 1999.
[RFC-2675] Borman, D., Deering, S. and Hinden, B., "IPv6
Loughney (editor) February 16, 2004 [Page 17]
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Jumbograms", RFC 2675, August 1999.
[RFC-2732] R. Hinden, B. Carpenter, L. Masinter, "Format for Literal
IPv6 Addresses in URL's", RFC 2732, December 1999.
[RFC-2851] M. Daniele, B. Haberman, S. Routhier, J. Schoenwaelder,
"Textual Conventions for Internet Network Addresses", RFC
2851, June 2000.
[RFC-2893] Gilligan, R. and Nordmark, E., "Transition Mechanisms for
IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 2893, August 2000.
[RFC-3569] S. Bhattacharyya, Ed., "An Overview of Source-Specific
Multicast (SSM)", RFC 3569, July 2003.
[SSM-ARCH] H. Holbrook, B. Cain, "Source-Specific Multicast for IP",
draft-ietf- ssm-arch-03.txt, Work in Progress.
13. Authors and Acknowledgements
This document was written by the IPv6 Node Requirements design team:
Jari Arkko
[jari.arkko@ericsson.com]
Marc Blanchet
[marc.blanchet@viagenie.qc.ca]
Samita Chakrabarti
[samita.chakrabarti@eng.sun.com]
Alain Durand
[alain.durand@sun.com]
Gerard Gastaud
[gerard.gastaud@alcatel.fr]
Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino
[itojun@iijlab.net]
Atsushi Inoue
[inoue@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp]
Masahiro Ishiyama
[masahiro@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp]
John Loughney
[john.loughney@nokia.com]
Loughney (editor) February 16, 2004 [Page 18]
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Rajiv Raghunarayan
[raraghun@cisco.com]
Shoichi Sakane
[shouichi.sakane@jp.yokogawa.com]
Dave Thaler
[dthaler@windows.microsoft.com]
Juha Wiljakka
[juha.wiljakka@Nokia.com]
The authors would like to thank Ran Atkinson, Jim Bound, Brian Carpenter, Ralph Droms, Christian Huitema, Adam Machalek, Thomas Narten, Juha Ollila and Pekka Savola for their comments.
14. Editor's Contact Information
Comments or questions regarding this document should be sent to the IPv6 Working Group mailing list (ipv6@ietf.org) or to:
John Loughney
Nokia Research Center
Itamerenkatu 11-13
00180 Helsinki
Finland
Phone: +358 50 483 6242
Email: John.Loughney@Nokia.com
Notices
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standardsrelated documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
Loughney (editor) February 16, 2004 [Page 19]
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rights, which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director.
Loughney (editor) February 16, 2004 [Page 20]